diff --git a/PREUPLOAD.cfg b/PREUPLOAD.cfg
index 62cf827..1cf63b0 100644
--- a/PREUPLOAD.cfg
+++ b/PREUPLOAD.cfg
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
 [Builtin Hooks Options]
 # Only turn on clang-format check for the following subfolders.
 clang_format = --commit ${PREUPLOAD_COMMIT} --style file --extensions c,h,cc,cpp
-               media/libmediatranscoding/
-               services/mediatranscoding/
                media/libaudioclient/tests/
                media/libaudiohal/tests/
+               media/libmediatranscoding/
+               services/camera/virtualcamera/
+               services/mediatranscoding/
diff --git a/camera/Android.bp b/camera/Android.bp
index a3fd7f9..22f1633 100644
--- a/camera/Android.bp
+++ b/camera/Android.bp
@@ -43,6 +43,23 @@
     ],
 }
 
+aconfig_declarations {
+    name: "camera_platform_flags",
+    package: "com.android.internal.camera.flags",
+    srcs: ["camera_platform.aconfig"],
+}
+
+cc_aconfig_library {
+    name: "camera_platform_flags_c_lib",
+    aconfig_declarations: "camera_platform_flags",
+    host_supported: true,
+}
+
+java_aconfig_library {
+    name: "camera_platform_flags_java_lib",
+    aconfig_declarations: "camera_platform_flags",
+}
+
 cc_library_headers {
     name: "camera_headers",
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
@@ -85,6 +102,7 @@
     ],
 
     shared_libs: [
+        "camera_platform_flags_c_lib",
         "libbase",
         "libcutils",
         "libutils",
diff --git a/camera/CameraBase.cpp b/camera/CameraBase.cpp
index 1af899d..6759f3b 100644
--- a/camera/CameraBase.cpp
+++ b/camera/CameraBase.cpp
@@ -104,7 +104,6 @@
 
 namespace {
     sp<::android::hardware::ICameraService> gCameraService;
-    const int                 kCameraServicePollDelay = 500000; // 0.5s
     const char*               kCameraServiceName      = "media.camera";
 
     Mutex                     gLock;
@@ -142,14 +141,10 @@
 
         sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
         sp<IBinder> binder;
-        do {
-            binder = sm->getService(toString16(kCameraServiceName));
-            if (binder != 0) {
-                break;
-            }
-            ALOGW("CameraService not published, waiting...");
-            usleep(kCameraServicePollDelay);
-        } while(true);
+        binder = sm->waitForService(toString16(kCameraServiceName));
+        if (binder == nullptr) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
         if (gDeathNotifier == NULL) {
             gDeathNotifier = new DeathNotifier();
         }
diff --git a/camera/CameraMetadata.cpp b/camera/CameraMetadata.cpp
index 2e808d1..424923a 100644
--- a/camera/CameraMetadata.cpp
+++ b/camera/CameraMetadata.cpp
@@ -880,7 +880,7 @@
     return OK;
 }
 
-metadata_vendor_id_t CameraMetadata::getVendorId() {
+metadata_vendor_id_t CameraMetadata::getVendorId() const {
     return get_camera_metadata_vendor_id(mBuffer);
 }
 
diff --git a/camera/CameraSessionStats.cpp b/camera/CameraSessionStats.cpp
index 36bf24c..057ec99 100644
--- a/camera/CameraSessionStats.cpp
+++ b/camera/CameraSessionStats.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 // #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
 #define LOG_TAG "CameraSessionStats"
+
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 #include <utils/String16.h>
 
@@ -414,6 +415,18 @@
         return err;
     }
 
+    bool usedUltraWide = false;
+    if ((err = parcel->readBool(&usedUltraWide)) != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Failed to read ultrawide usage from parcel", __FUNCTION__);
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    bool usedZoomOverride = false;
+    if ((err = parcel->readBool(&usedZoomOverride)) != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Failed to read zoom override usage from parcel", __FUNCTION__);
+        return err;
+    }
+
     int32_t sessionIdx;
     if ((err = parcel->readInt32(&sessionIdx)) != OK) {
         ALOGE("%s: Failed to read session index from parcel", __FUNCTION__);
@@ -443,6 +456,8 @@
     mStreamStats = std::move(streamStats);
     mUserTag = toStdString(userTag);
     mVideoStabilizationMode = videoStabilizationMode;
+    mUsedUltraWide = usedUltraWide;
+    mUsedZoomOverride = usedZoomOverride;
     mSessionIndex = sessionIdx;
     mCameraExtensionSessionStats = extStats;
 
@@ -542,6 +557,16 @@
         return err;
     }
 
+    if ((err = parcel->writeBool(mUsedUltraWide)) != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Failed to write ultrawide usage!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    if ((err = parcel->writeBool(mUsedZoomOverride)) != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Failed to write zoom override usage!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return err;
+    }
+
     if ((err = parcel->writeInt32(mSessionIndex)) != OK) {
         ALOGE("%s: Failed to write session index!", __FUNCTION__);
         return err;
diff --git a/camera/VendorTagDescriptor.cpp b/camera/VendorTagDescriptor.cpp
index fb26f83..c12a1a1 100644
--- a/camera/VendorTagDescriptor.cpp
+++ b/camera/VendorTagDescriptor.cpp
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@
 
 int VendorTagDescriptorCache::getTagType(uint32_t tag,
         metadata_vendor_id_t id) const {
-    int ret = 0;
+    int ret = -1;
     auto desc = mVendorMap.find(id);
     if (desc != mVendorMap.end()) {
         ret = desc->second->getTagType(tag);
diff --git a/camera/aidl/android/hardware/ICameraService.aidl b/camera/aidl/android/hardware/ICameraService.aidl
index 409a930..0eeeb7f 100644
--- a/camera/aidl/android/hardware/ICameraService.aidl
+++ b/camera/aidl/android/hardware/ICameraService.aidl
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import android.hardware.camera2.ICameraDeviceCallbacks;
 import android.hardware.camera2.ICameraInjectionCallback;
 import android.hardware.camera2.ICameraInjectionSession;
+import android.hardware.camera2.params.SessionConfiguration;
 import android.hardware.camera2.params.VendorTagDescriptor;
 import android.hardware.camera2.params.VendorTagDescriptorCache;
 import android.hardware.camera2.utils.ConcurrentCameraIdCombination;
@@ -148,6 +149,18 @@
     void remapCameraIds(in CameraIdRemapping cameraIdRemapping);
 
     /**
+     * Inject Session Params into an existing camera session.
+     *
+     * @param cameraId the camera id session to inject session params into. Note that
+     *                 if there is no active session for the input cameraid, this operation
+     *                 will be a no-op. In addition, future camera sessions for cameraid will
+     *                 not be affected.
+     * @param sessionParams the session params to override for the existing session.
+     */
+    void injectSessionParams(@utf8InCpp String cameraId,
+            in CameraMetadataNative sessionParams);
+
+    /**
      * Remove listener for changes to camera device and flashlight state.
      */
     void removeListener(ICameraServiceListener listener);
@@ -261,4 +274,18 @@
     const int DEVICE_STATE_FOLDED = 4;
     const int DEVICE_STATE_LAST_FRAMEWORK_BIT = 0x80000000; // 1 << 31;
 
+    // Create a CaptureRequest metadata based on template id
+    CameraMetadataNative createDefaultRequest(@utf8InCpp String cameraId, int templateId);
+
+    /**
+      * Check whether a particular session configuration with optional session parameters
+      * has camera device support.
+      *
+      * @param cameraId The camera id to query session configuration on
+      * @param sessionConfiguration Specific session configuration to be verified.
+      * @return true  - in case the stream combination is supported.
+      *         false - in case there is no device support.
+      */
+    boolean isSessionConfigurationWithParametersSupported(@utf8InCpp String cameraId,
+            in SessionConfiguration sessionConfiguration);
 }
diff --git a/camera/aidl/android/hardware/camera2/ICameraDeviceUser.aidl b/camera/aidl/android/hardware/camera2/ICameraDeviceUser.aidl
index 8e1fcc0..843e0d4 100644
--- a/camera/aidl/android/hardware/camera2/ICameraDeviceUser.aidl
+++ b/camera/aidl/android/hardware/camera2/ICameraDeviceUser.aidl
@@ -99,6 +99,15 @@
       */
     boolean isSessionConfigurationSupported(in SessionConfiguration sessionConfiguration);
 
+    /**
+     * Get the camera characteristics for a particular session configuration
+     *
+     * @param sessionConfiguration Specific session configuration for which the characteristics
+     * are fetched.
+     * @return - characteristics associated with the given session.
+     */
+    CameraMetadataNative getSessionCharacteristics(in SessionConfiguration sessionConfiguration);
+
     void deleteStream(int streamId);
 
     /**
diff --git a/camera/camera2/SessionConfiguration.cpp b/camera/camera2/SessionConfiguration.cpp
index 7cf6087..2f1f22d 100644
--- a/camera/camera2/SessionConfiguration.cpp
+++ b/camera/camera2/SessionConfiguration.cpp
@@ -22,10 +22,13 @@
 
 #include <camera/camera2/SessionConfiguration.h>
 #include <camera/camera2/OutputConfiguration.h>
+#include <com_android_internal_camera_flags.h>
 #include <binder/Parcel.h>
 
 namespace android {
 
+namespace flags = com::android::internal::camera::flags;
+
 status_t SessionConfiguration::readFromParcel(const android::Parcel* parcel) {
     status_t err = OK;
     int operatingMode = 0;
@@ -67,6 +70,22 @@
         return err;
     }
 
+    bool hasSessionParameters = false;
+    CameraMetadata settings;
+    if (flags::feature_combination_query()) {
+        if ((err = parcel->readBool(&hasSessionParameters)) != OK) {
+            ALOGE("%s: Failed to read hasSessionParameters flag from parcel", __FUNCTION__);
+            return err;
+        }
+
+        if (hasSessionParameters) {
+            if ((err = settings.readFromParcel(parcel)) != OK) {
+                ALOGE("%s: Failed to read metadata flag from parcel", __FUNCTION__);
+                return err;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     mOperatingMode = operatingMode;
     mInputWidth = inputWidth;
     mInputHeight = inputHeight;
@@ -75,7 +94,10 @@
     for (auto& stream : outputStreams) {
         mOutputStreams.push_back(stream);
     }
-
+    if (flags::feature_combination_query()) {
+        mHasSessionParameters = hasSessionParameters;
+        mSessionParameters = std::move(settings);
+    }
 
     return err;
 }
@@ -103,6 +125,16 @@
     err = parcel->writeParcelableVector(mOutputStreams);
     if (err != OK) return err;
 
+    if (flags::feature_combination_query()) {
+        err = parcel->writeBool(mHasSessionParameters);
+        if (err != OK) return err;
+
+        if (mHasSessionParameters) {
+            err = mSessionParameters.writeToParcel(parcel);
+            if (err != OK) return err;
+        }
+    }
+
     return OK;
 }
 
diff --git a/camera/camera_platform.aconfig b/camera/camera_platform.aconfig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2266483
--- /dev/null
+++ b/camera/camera_platform.aconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+package: "com.android.internal.camera.flags"
+
+flag {
+     namespace: "camera_platform"
+     name: "camera_hsum_permission"
+     description: "Camera access by headless system user"
+     bug: "273539631"
+}
+
+flag {
+     namespace: "camera_platform"
+     name: "concert_mode"
+     description: "Introduces a new concert mode camera extension type"
+     bug: "297083874"
+}
+
+flag {
+     namespace: "camera_platform"
+     name: "feature_combination_query"
+     description: "Query feature combination support and session specific characteristics"
+     bug: "309627704"
+}
+
+flag {
+     namespace: "camera_platform"
+     name: "log_ultrawide_usage"
+     description: "Enable measuring how much usage there is for ultrawide-angle cameras"
+     bug: "300515796"
+}
+
+flag {
+     namespace: "camera_platform"
+     name: "camera_manual_flash_strength_control"
+     description: "Flash brightness level control in manual flash mode"
+     bug: "238348881"
+}
+
+flag {
+     namespace: "camera_platform"
+     name: "lazy_aidl_wait_for_service"
+     description: "Use waitForService instead of getService with lazy AIDL HALs"
+     bug: "285546208"
+}
+
+flag {
+     namespace: "camera_platform"
+     name: "log_zoom_override_usage"
+     description: "Enable measuring how much usage there is for zoom settings overrde"
+     bug: "307409002"
+}
+
+flag {
+     namespace: "camera_platform"
+     name: "session_hal_buf_manager"
+     description: "Enable or disable HAL buffer manager as requested by the camera HAL"
+     bug: "311263114"
+}
+
+flag {
+    namespace: "camera_platform"
+    name: "inject_session_params"
+    description: "Enable session parameter injection via reconfiguration"
+    bug: "308984721"
+}
+
+flag {
+     namespace: "camera_platform"
+     name: "camera_ae_mode_low_light_boost"
+     description: "An AE mode that enables increased brightening in low light scenes"
+     bug: "312803148"
+}
+
+flag {
+     namespace: "camera_platform"
+     name: "multiresolution_imagereader_usage_config"
+     description: "Enable creating MultiResolutionImageReader with usage flag configuration"
+     bug: "301588215"
+}
+
+flag {
+     namespace: "camera_platform"
+     name: "use_ro_board_api_level_for_vndk_version"
+     description: "Enable using ro.board.api_level instead of ro.vndk.version to get VNDK version"
+     bug: "312315580"
+}
+
+flag {
+     namespace: "camera_platform"
+     name: "delay_lazy_hal_instantiation"
+     description: "Only trigger lazy HAL instantiation when the HAL is needed for an operation."
+     bug: "319735068"
+}
+
+flag {
+     namespace: "camera_platform"
+     name: "return_buffers_outside_locks"
+     description: "Enable returning graphics buffers to buffer queues without holding the in-flight mutex"
+     bug: "315526878"
+}
diff --git a/camera/cameraserver/Android.bp b/camera/cameraserver/Android.bp
index 8472562..13b705c 100644
--- a/camera/cameraserver/Android.bp
+++ b/camera/cameraserver/Android.bp
@@ -26,12 +26,15 @@
 
     srcs: ["main_cameraserver.cpp"],
 
+    defaults: [
+        "libcameraservice_deps",
+    ],
+
     header_libs: [
         "libmedia_headers",
     ],
 
     shared_libs: [
-        "libcameraservice",
         "liblog",
         "libutils",
         "libui",
@@ -40,15 +43,13 @@
         "libbinder_ndk",
         "libhidlbase",
         "android.hardware.camera.common@1.0",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.5",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.6",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.7",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider-V2-ndk",
         "android.hardware.camera.device@1.0",
         "android.hardware.camera.device@3.2",
         "android.hardware.camera.device@3.4",
     ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libcameraservice",
+    ],
     compile_multilib: "first",
     cflags: [
         "-Wall",
diff --git a/camera/cameraserver/manifest_android.frameworks.cameraservice.service.xml b/camera/cameraserver/manifest_android.frameworks.cameraservice.service.xml
index f7e455f..5d85909 100644
--- a/camera/cameraserver/manifest_android.frameworks.cameraservice.service.xml
+++ b/camera/cameraserver/manifest_android.frameworks.cameraservice.service.xml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
     <hal format="aidl">
         <name>android.frameworks.cameraservice.service</name>
-        <version>1</version>
+        <version>2</version>
         <interface>
             <name>ICameraService</name>
             <instance>default</instance>
diff --git a/camera/include/camera/CameraMetadata.h b/camera/include/camera/CameraMetadata.h
index c56ee6d..2903dfb 100644
--- a/camera/include/camera/CameraMetadata.h
+++ b/camera/include/camera/CameraMetadata.h
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@
     /**
      * Return the current vendor tag id associated with this metadata.
      */
-    metadata_vendor_id_t getVendorId();
+    metadata_vendor_id_t getVendorId() const;
 
   private:
     camera_metadata_t *mBuffer;
diff --git a/camera/include/camera/CameraSessionStats.h b/camera/include/camera/CameraSessionStats.h
index 70ca0b3..06c154d 100644
--- a/camera/include/camera/CameraSessionStats.h
+++ b/camera/include/camera/CameraSessionStats.h
@@ -161,6 +161,8 @@
     std::vector<CameraStreamStats> mStreamStats;
     std::string mUserTag;
     int mVideoStabilizationMode;
+    bool mUsedUltraWide;
+    bool mUsedZoomOverride;
     int mSessionIndex;
 
     CameraExtensionSessionStats mCameraExtensionSessionStats;
diff --git a/camera/include/camera/camera2/SessionConfiguration.h b/camera/include/camera/camera2/SessionConfiguration.h
index 73fafb4..22f8083 100644
--- a/camera/include/camera/camera2/SessionConfiguration.h
+++ b/camera/include/camera/camera2/SessionConfiguration.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "OutputConfiguration.h"
 
 #include <binder/Parcelable.h>
+#include <camera/CameraMetadata.h>
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -39,6 +40,8 @@
     int getInputFormat() const { return mInputFormat; }
     int getOperatingMode() const { return mOperatingMode; }
     bool inputIsMultiResolution() const { return mInputIsMultiResolution; }
+    bool hasSessionParameters() const { return mHasSessionParameters; }
+    const CameraMetadata& getSessionParameters() const { return mSessionParameters; }
 
     virtual status_t writeToParcel(android::Parcel* parcel) const override;
     virtual status_t readFromParcel(const android::Parcel* parcel) override;
@@ -111,6 +114,8 @@
     std::vector<OutputConfiguration> mOutputStreams;
     int                              mInputWidth, mInputHeight, mInputFormat, mOperatingMode;
     bool                             mInputIsMultiResolution = false;
+    bool                             mHasSessionParameters = false;
+    CameraMetadata                   mSessionParameters;
 };
 } // namespace params
 } // namespace camera2
diff --git a/camera/ndk/Android.bp b/camera/ndk/Android.bp
index d4dd546..165395a 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/Android.bp
+++ b/camera/ndk/Android.bp
@@ -154,8 +154,8 @@
         "libcamera_metadata",
         "libmediandk",
         "android.frameworks.cameraservice.common-V1-ndk",
-        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.device-V1-ndk",
-        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.service-V1-ndk",
+        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.device-V2-ndk",
+        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.service-V2-ndk",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "android.hardware.camera.common@1.0-helper",
@@ -188,7 +188,6 @@
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "android.hardware.camera.common@1.0-helper",
-        "android.hidl.token@1.0",
     ],
     cflags: [
         "-D__ANDROID_VNDK__",
diff --git a/camera/ndk/NdkCameraCaptureSession.cpp b/camera/ndk/NdkCameraCaptureSession.cpp
index 4387cc6..92de1e4 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/NdkCameraCaptureSession.cpp
+++ b/camera/ndk/NdkCameraCaptureSession.cpp
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@
 EXPORT
 camera_status_t ACameraCaptureSession_prepareWindow(
         ACameraCaptureSession* session,
-        ACameraWindowType *window) {
+        ANativeWindow *window) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     if (session == nullptr || window == nullptr) {
         ALOGE("%s: Error: session %p / window %p is null", __FUNCTION__, session, window);
diff --git a/camera/ndk/NdkCameraDevice.cpp b/camera/ndk/NdkCameraDevice.cpp
index 8211671..f2ec573 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/NdkCameraDevice.cpp
+++ b/camera/ndk/NdkCameraDevice.cpp
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
 
 EXPORT
 camera_status_t ACaptureSessionOutput_create(
-        ACameraWindowType* window, /*out*/ACaptureSessionOutput** out) {
+        ANativeWindow* window, /*out*/ACaptureSessionOutput** out) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     if (window == nullptr || out == nullptr) {
         ALOGE("%s: Error: bad argument. window %p, out %p",
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@
 
 EXPORT
 camera_status_t ACaptureSessionSharedOutput_create(
-        ACameraWindowType* window, /*out*/ACaptureSessionOutput** out) {
+        ANativeWindow* window, /*out*/ACaptureSessionOutput** out) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     if (window == nullptr || out == nullptr) {
         ALOGE("%s: Error: bad argument. window %p, out %p",
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@
 
 EXPORT
 camera_status_t ACaptureSessionPhysicalOutput_create(
-        ACameraWindowType* window, const char* physicalId,
+        ANativeWindow* window, const char* physicalId,
         /*out*/ACaptureSessionOutput** out) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     if (window == nullptr || physicalId == nullptr || out == nullptr) {
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@
 
 EXPORT
 camera_status_t ACaptureSessionSharedOutput_add(ACaptureSessionOutput *out,
-        ACameraWindowType* window) {
+        ANativeWindow* window) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     if ((window == nullptr) || (out == nullptr)) {
         ALOGE("%s: Error: bad argument. window %p, out %p",
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@
 
 EXPORT
 camera_status_t ACaptureSessionSharedOutput_remove(ACaptureSessionOutput *out,
-        ACameraWindowType* window) {
+        ANativeWindow* window) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     if ((window == nullptr) || (out == nullptr)) {
         ALOGE("%s: Error: bad argument. window %p, out %p",
diff --git a/camera/ndk/NdkCaptureRequest.cpp b/camera/ndk/NdkCaptureRequest.cpp
index 87de4a9..b851a1d 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/NdkCaptureRequest.cpp
+++ b/camera/ndk/NdkCaptureRequest.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 
 EXPORT
 camera_status_t ACameraOutputTarget_create(
-        ACameraWindowType* window, ACameraOutputTarget** out) {
+        ANativeWindow* window, ACameraOutputTarget** out) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     if (window == nullptr) {
         ALOGE("%s: Error: input window is null", __FUNCTION__);
diff --git a/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraCaptureSession.cpp b/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraCaptureSession.cpp
index 73439c7..449c0b4 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraCaptureSession.cpp
+++ b/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraCaptureSession.cpp
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
     return ret;
 }
 
-camera_status_t ACameraCaptureSession::prepare(ACameraWindowType* window) {
+camera_status_t ACameraCaptureSession::prepare(ANativeWindow* window) {
 #ifdef __ANDROID_VNDK__
     std::shared_ptr<acam::CameraDevice> dev = getDevicePtr();
 #else
diff --git a/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraCaptureSession.h b/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraCaptureSession.h
index 88135ba..0d7a2c1 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraCaptureSession.h
+++ b/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraCaptureSession.h
@@ -23,14 +23,14 @@
 
 #ifdef __ANDROID_VNDK__
 #include "ndk_vendor/impl/ACameraDevice.h"
-#include "ndk_vendor/impl/ACameraCaptureSessionVendor.h"
 #else
 #include "ACameraDevice.h"
+#endif
 
 using namespace android;
 
 struct ACaptureSessionOutput {
-    explicit ACaptureSessionOutput(ACameraWindowType* window, bool isShared = false,
+    explicit ACaptureSessionOutput(ANativeWindow* window, bool isShared = false,
             const char* physicalCameraId = "") :
             mWindow(window), mIsShared(isShared), mPhysicalCameraId(physicalCameraId) {};
 
@@ -47,28 +47,27 @@
         return mWindow > other.mWindow;
     }
 
-    inline bool isWindowEqual(ACameraWindowType* window) const {
+    inline bool isWindowEqual(ANativeWindow* window) const {
         return mWindow == window;
     }
 
     // returns true if the window was successfully added, false otherwise.
-    inline bool addSharedWindow(ACameraWindowType* window) {
+    inline bool addSharedWindow(ANativeWindow* window) {
         auto ret = mSharedWindows.insert(window);
         return ret.second;
     }
 
     // returns the number of elements removed.
-    inline size_t removeSharedWindow(ACameraWindowType* window) {
+    inline size_t removeSharedWindow(ANativeWindow* window) {
         return mSharedWindows.erase(window);
     }
 
-    ACameraWindowType* mWindow;
-    std::set<ACameraWindowType *> mSharedWindows;
+    ANativeWindow* mWindow;
+    std::set<ANativeWindow*> mSharedWindows;
     bool           mIsShared;
     int            mRotation = CAMERA3_STREAM_ROTATION_0;
     std::string mPhysicalCameraId;
 };
-#endif
 
 struct ACaptureSessionOutputContainer {
     std::set<ACaptureSessionOutput> mOutputs;
@@ -147,7 +146,7 @@
         mPreparedCb.context = context;
         mPreparedCb.onWindowPrepared = cb;
     }
-    camera_status_t prepare(ACameraWindowType *window);
+    camera_status_t prepare(ANativeWindow *window);
 
     ACameraDevice* getDevice();
 
diff --git a/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraDevice.cpp b/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraDevice.cpp
index 97d65b0..1fa71f4 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraDevice.cpp
+++ b/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraDevice.cpp
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@
     return ACAMERA_OK;
 }
 
-camera_status_t CameraDevice::prepareLocked(ACameraWindowType *window) {
+camera_status_t CameraDevice::prepareLocked(ANativeWindow *window) {
     camera_status_t ret = checkCameraClosedOrErrorLocked();
     if (ret != ACAMERA_OK) {
         return ret;
@@ -1097,7 +1097,7 @@
                     if (onWindowPrepared == nullptr) {
                         return;
                     }
-                    ACameraWindowType* anw;
+                    ANativeWindow* anw;
                     found = msg->findPointer(kAnwKey, (void**) &anw);
                     if (!found) {
                         ALOGE("%s: Cannot find ANativeWindow: %d!", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
@@ -1823,7 +1823,7 @@
         return ret;
     }
     // We've found the window corresponding to the surface id.
-    ACameraWindowType *window = it->second.first;
+    ANativeWindow *window = it->second.first;
     sp<AMessage> msg = new AMessage(kWhatPreparedCb, dev->mHandler);
     msg->setPointer(kContextKey, session->mPreparedCb.context);
     msg->setPointer(kAnwKey, window);
diff --git a/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraDevice.h b/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraDevice.h
index 4658d18..2b9f327 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraDevice.h
+++ b/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraDevice.h
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@
 
     camera_status_t updateOutputConfigurationLocked(ACaptureSessionOutput *output);
 
-    camera_status_t prepareLocked(ACameraWindowType *window);
+    camera_status_t prepareLocked(ANativeWindow *window);
 
     camera_status_t allocateCaptureRequest(
             const ACaptureRequest* request, sp<CaptureRequest>& outReq);
diff --git a/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraMetadata.cpp b/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraMetadata.cpp
index 61c7551..b6b8012 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraMetadata.cpp
+++ b/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraMetadata.cpp
@@ -540,6 +540,7 @@
         case ACAMERA_CONTROL_AUTOFRAMING:
         case ACAMERA_EDGE_MODE:
         case ACAMERA_FLASH_MODE:
+        case ACAMERA_FLASH_STRENGTH_LEVEL:
         case ACAMERA_HOT_PIXEL_MODE:
         case ACAMERA_JPEG_GPS_COORDINATES:
         case ACAMERA_JPEG_GPS_PROCESSING_METHOD:
diff --git a/camera/ndk/impl/ACaptureRequest.h b/camera/ndk/impl/ACaptureRequest.h
index 2ffcafe..118c2a5 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/impl/ACaptureRequest.h
+++ b/camera/ndk/impl/ACaptureRequest.h
@@ -22,11 +22,8 @@
 
 using namespace android;
 
-#ifdef __ANDROID_VNDK__
-#include "ndk_vendor/impl/ACaptureRequestVendor.h"
-#else
 struct ACameraOutputTarget {
-    explicit ACameraOutputTarget(ACameraWindowType* window) : mWindow(window) {};
+    explicit ACameraOutputTarget(ANativeWindow* window) : mWindow(window) {};
 
     bool operator == (const ACameraOutputTarget& other) const {
         return mWindow == other.mWindow;
@@ -41,9 +38,8 @@
         return mWindow > other.mWindow;
     }
 
-    ACameraWindowType* mWindow;
+    ANativeWindow* mWindow;
 };
-#endif
 
 struct ACameraOutputTargets {
     std::set<ACameraOutputTarget> mOutputs;
diff --git a/camera/ndk/include/camera/NdkCameraCaptureSession.h b/camera/ndk/include/camera/NdkCameraCaptureSession.h
index 099c5c5..cf6b970 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/include/camera/NdkCameraCaptureSession.h
+++ b/camera/ndk/include/camera/NdkCameraCaptureSession.h
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
  */
 typedef void (*ACameraCaptureSession_prepareCallback)(
         void *context,
-        ACameraWindowType *window,
+        ANativeWindow *window,
         ACameraCaptureSession *session);
 
 /// Enum for describing error reason in {@link ACameraCaptureFailure}
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@
  */
 typedef void (*ACameraCaptureSession_captureCallback_bufferLost)(
         void* context, ACameraCaptureSession* session,
-        ACaptureRequest* request, ACameraWindowType* window, int64_t frameNumber);
+        ACaptureRequest* request, ANativeWindow* window, int64_t frameNumber);
 
 /**
  * ACaptureCaptureSession_captureCallbacks structure used in
@@ -1088,7 +1088,7 @@
  * and no pre-allocation is done.</p>
  *
  * @param session the {@link ACameraCaptureSession} that needs to prepare output buffers.
- * @param window the {@link ACameraWindowType} for which the output buffers need to be prepared.
+ * @param window the {@link ANativeWindow} for which the output buffers need to be prepared.
  *
  * @return <ul><li>
  *             {@link ACAMERA_OK} if the method succeeds</li>
@@ -1102,7 +1102,7 @@
  */
 camera_status_t ACameraCaptureSession_prepareWindow(
     ACameraCaptureSession* session,
-    ACameraWindowType *window) __INTRODUCED_IN(34);
+    ANativeWindow *window) __INTRODUCED_IN(34);
 __END_DECLS
 
 #endif /* _NDK_CAMERA_CAPTURE_SESSION_H */
diff --git a/camera/ndk/include/camera/NdkCameraDevice.h b/camera/ndk/include/camera/NdkCameraDevice.h
index de10eb3..fbd0ee1 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/include/camera/NdkCameraDevice.h
+++ b/camera/ndk/include/camera/NdkCameraDevice.h
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@
  * @see ACaptureSessionOutputContainer_add
  */
 camera_status_t ACaptureSessionOutput_create(
-        ACameraWindowType* anw, /*out*/ACaptureSessionOutput** output) __INTRODUCED_IN(24);
+        ANativeWindow* anw, /*out*/ACaptureSessionOutput** output) __INTRODUCED_IN(24);
 
 /**
  * Free a ACaptureSessionOutput object.
@@ -705,7 +705,7 @@
  * @see ACaptureSessionOutputContainer_add
  */
 camera_status_t ACaptureSessionSharedOutput_create(
-        ACameraWindowType* anw, /*out*/ACaptureSessionOutput** output) __INTRODUCED_IN(28);
+        ANativeWindow* anw, /*out*/ACaptureSessionOutput** output) __INTRODUCED_IN(28);
 
 /**
  * Add a native window to shared ACaptureSessionOutput.
@@ -723,7 +723,7 @@
  *             ACaptureSessionOutput.</li></ul>
  */
 camera_status_t ACaptureSessionSharedOutput_add(ACaptureSessionOutput *output,
-        ACameraWindowType *anw) __INTRODUCED_IN(28);
+        ANativeWindow *anw) __INTRODUCED_IN(28);
 
 /**
  * Remove a native window from shared ACaptureSessionOutput.
@@ -739,7 +739,7 @@
  *             ACaptureSessionOutput.</li></ul>
  */
 camera_status_t ACaptureSessionSharedOutput_remove(ACaptureSessionOutput *output,
-        ACameraWindowType* anw) __INTRODUCED_IN(28);
+        ANativeWindow* anw) __INTRODUCED_IN(28);
 
 /**
  * Create a new camera capture session similar to {@link ACameraDevice_createCaptureSession}. This
@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@
  * @see ACaptureSessionOutputContainer_add
  */
 camera_status_t ACaptureSessionPhysicalOutput_create(
-        ACameraWindowType* anw, const char* physicalId,
+        ANativeWindow* anw, const char* physicalId,
         /*out*/ACaptureSessionOutput** output) __INTRODUCED_IN(29);
 
 /**
diff --git a/camera/ndk/include/camera/NdkCameraMetadataTags.h b/camera/ndk/include/camera/NdkCameraMetadataTags.h
index fe0ef67..2c68cef 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/include/camera/NdkCameraMetadataTags.h
+++ b/camera/ndk/include/camera/NdkCameraMetadataTags.h
@@ -2244,6 +2244,39 @@
      */
     ACAMERA_CONTROL_AUTOFRAMING_STATE =                         // byte (acamera_metadata_enum_android_control_autoframing_state_t)
             ACAMERA_CONTROL_START + 54,
+    /**
+     * <p>The operating luminance range of low light boost measured in lux (lx).</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Type: float[2]</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This tag may appear in:
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>ACameraMetadata from ACameraManager_getCameraCharacteristics</li>
+     * </ul></p>
+     *
+     */
+    ACAMERA_CONTROL_LOW_LIGHT_BOOST_INFO_LUMINANCE_RANGE =      // float[2]
+            ACAMERA_CONTROL_START + 55,
+    /**
+     * <p>Current state of the low light boost AE mode.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Type: byte (acamera_metadata_enum_android_control_low_light_boost_state_t)</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This tag may appear in:
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>ACameraMetadata from ACameraCaptureSession_captureCallback_result callbacks</li>
+     * </ul></p>
+     *
+     * <p>When low light boost is enabled by setting the AE mode to
+     * 'ON_LOW_LIGHT_BOOST_BRIGHTNESS_PRIORITY', it can dynamically apply a low light
+     * boost when the light level threshold is exceeded.</p>
+     * <p>This state indicates when low light boost is 'ACTIVE' and applied. Similarly, it can
+     * indicate when it is not being applied by returning 'INACTIVE'.</p>
+     * <p>This key will be absent from the CaptureResult if AE mode is not set to
+     * 'ON_LOW_LIGHT_BOOST_BRIGHTNESS_PRIORITY.</p>
+     */
+    ACAMERA_CONTROL_LOW_LIGHT_BOOST_STATE =                     // byte (acamera_metadata_enum_android_control_low_light_boost_state_t)
+            ACAMERA_CONTROL_START + 56,
     ACAMERA_CONTROL_END,
 
     /**
@@ -2364,6 +2397,125 @@
      */
     ACAMERA_FLASH_STATE =                                       // byte (acamera_metadata_enum_android_flash_state_t)
             ACAMERA_FLASH_START + 5,
+    /**
+     * <p>Flash strength level to be used when manual flash control is active.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Type: int32</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This tag may appear in:
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>ACameraMetadata from ACameraCaptureSession_captureCallback_result callbacks</li>
+     *   <li>ACaptureRequest</li>
+     * </ul></p>
+     *
+     * <p>Flash strength level to use in capture mode i.e. when the applications control
+     * flash with either SINGLE or TORCH mode.</p>
+     * <p>Use android.flash.info.singleStrengthMaxLevel and
+     * android.flash.info.torchStrengthMaxLevel to check whether the device supports
+     * flash strength control or not.
+     * If the values of android.flash.info.singleStrengthMaxLevel and
+     * android.flash.info.torchStrengthMaxLevel are greater than 1,
+     * then the device supports manual flash strength control.</p>
+     * <p>If the ACAMERA_FLASH_MODE <code>==</code> TORCH the value must be &gt;= 1
+     * and &lt;= android.flash.info.torchStrengthMaxLevel.
+     * If the application doesn't set the key and
+     * android.flash.info.torchStrengthMaxLevel &gt; 1,
+     * then the flash will be fired at the default level set by HAL in
+     * android.flash.info.torchStrengthDefaultLevel.
+     * If the ACAMERA_FLASH_MODE <code>==</code> SINGLE, then the value must be &gt;= 1
+     * and &lt;= android.flash.info.singleStrengthMaxLevel.
+     * If the application does not set this key and
+     * android.flash.info.singleStrengthMaxLevel &gt; 1,
+     * then the flash will be fired at the default level set by HAL
+     * in android.flash.info.singleStrengthDefaultLevel.
+     * If ACAMERA_CONTROL_AE_MODE is set to any of ON_AUTO_FLASH, ON_ALWAYS_FLASH,
+     * ON_AUTO_FLASH_REDEYE, ON_EXTERNAL_FLASH values, then the strengthLevel will be ignored.</p>
+     *
+     * @see ACAMERA_CONTROL_AE_MODE
+     * @see ACAMERA_FLASH_MODE
+     */
+    ACAMERA_FLASH_STRENGTH_LEVEL =                              // int32
+            ACAMERA_FLASH_START + 6,
+    /**
+     * <p>Maximum flash brightness level for manual flash control in SINGLE mode.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Type: int32</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This tag may appear in:
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>ACameraMetadata from ACameraManager_getCameraCharacteristics</li>
+     * </ul></p>
+     *
+     * <p>Maximum flash brightness level in camera capture mode and
+     * ACAMERA_FLASH_MODE set to SINGLE.
+     * Value will be &gt; 1 if the manual flash strength control feature is supported,
+     * otherwise the value will be equal to 1.
+     * Note that this level is just a number of supported levels (the granularity of control).
+     * There is no actual physical power units tied to this level.</p>
+     *
+     * @see ACAMERA_FLASH_MODE
+     */
+    ACAMERA_FLASH_SINGLE_STRENGTH_MAX_LEVEL =                   // int32
+            ACAMERA_FLASH_START + 7,
+    /**
+     * <p>Default flash brightness level for manual flash control in SINGLE mode.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Type: int32</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This tag may appear in:
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>ACameraMetadata from ACameraManager_getCameraCharacteristics</li>
+     * </ul></p>
+     *
+     * <p>If flash unit is available this will be greater than or equal to 1 and less
+     * or equal to <code>android.flash.info.singleStrengthMaxLevel</code>.
+     * Note for devices that do not support the manual flash strength control
+     * feature, this level will always be equal to 1.</p>
+     */
+    ACAMERA_FLASH_SINGLE_STRENGTH_DEFAULT_LEVEL =               // int32
+            ACAMERA_FLASH_START + 8,
+    /**
+     * <p>Maximum flash brightness level for manual flash control in TORCH mode</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Type: int32</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This tag may appear in:
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>ACameraMetadata from ACameraManager_getCameraCharacteristics</li>
+     * </ul></p>
+     *
+     * <p>Maximum flash brightness level in camera capture mode and
+     * ACAMERA_FLASH_MODE set to TORCH.
+     * Value will be &gt; 1 if the manual flash strength control feature is supported,
+     * otherwise the value will be equal to 1.</p>
+     * <p>Note that this level is just a number of supported levels(the granularity of control).
+     * There is no actual physical power units tied to this level.
+     * There is no relation between android.flash.info.torchStrengthMaxLevel and
+     * android.flash.info.singleStrengthMaxLevel i.e. the ratio of
+     * android.flash.info.torchStrengthMaxLevel:android.flash.info.singleStrengthMaxLevel
+     * is not guaranteed to be the ratio of actual brightness.</p>
+     *
+     * @see ACAMERA_FLASH_MODE
+     */
+    ACAMERA_FLASH_TORCH_STRENGTH_MAX_LEVEL =                    // int32
+            ACAMERA_FLASH_START + 9,
+    /**
+     * <p>Default flash brightness level for manual flash control in TORCH mode</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Type: int32</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This tag may appear in:
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>ACameraMetadata from ACameraManager_getCameraCharacteristics</li>
+     * </ul></p>
+     *
+     * <p>If flash unit is available this will be greater than or equal to 1 and less
+     * or equal to android.flash.info.torchStrengthMaxLevel.
+     * Note for the devices that do not support the manual flash strength control feature,
+     * this level will always be equal to 1.</p>
+     */
+    ACAMERA_FLASH_TORCH_STRENGTH_DEFAULT_LEVEL =                // int32
+            ACAMERA_FLASH_START + 10,
     ACAMERA_FLASH_END,
 
     /**
@@ -4506,8 +4658,8 @@
      * <p>The guaranteed stream combinations related to stream use case for a camera device with
      * <a href="https://developer.android.com/reference/android/hardware/camera2/CameraCharacteristics.html#REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_STREAM_USE_CASE">CameraCharacteristics#REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_STREAM_USE_CASE</a>
      * capability is documented in the camera device
-     * <a href="https://developer.android.com/reference/android/hardware/camera2/CameraDevice.html#stream-use-case-capability-additional-guaranteed-configurations">guideline</a>. The application is strongly recommended to use one of the guaranteed stream
-     * combinations.
+     * <a href="https://developer.android.com/reference/android/hardware/camera2/CameraDevice#stream-use-case-capability-additional-guaranteed-configurations">guideline</a>.
+     * The application is strongly recommended to use one of the guaranteed stream combinations.
      * If the application creates a session with a stream combination not in the guaranteed
      * list, or with mixed DEFAULT and non-DEFAULT use cases within the same session,
      * the camera device may ignore some stream use cases due to hardware constraints
@@ -4597,8 +4749,8 @@
     ACAMERA_SENSOR_EXPOSURE_TIME =                              // int64
             ACAMERA_SENSOR_START,
     /**
-     * <p>Duration from start of frame exposure to
-     * start of next frame exposure.</p>
+     * <p>Duration from start of frame readout to
+     * start of next frame readout.</p>
      *
      * <p>Type: int64</p>
      *
@@ -4668,6 +4820,10 @@
      * <p>For more details about stalling, see {@link ACAMERA_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STALL_DURATIONS }.</p>
      * <p>This control is only effective if ACAMERA_CONTROL_AE_MODE or ACAMERA_CONTROL_MODE is set to
      * OFF; otherwise the auto-exposure algorithm will override this value.</p>
+     * <p><em>Note:</em> Prior to Android 13, this field was described as measuring the duration from
+     * start of frame exposure to start of next frame exposure, which doesn't reflect the
+     * definition from sensor manufacturer. A mobile sensor defines the frame duration as
+     * intervals between sensor readouts.</p>
      *
      * @see ACAMERA_CONTROL_AE_MODE
      * @see ACAMERA_CONTROL_MODE
@@ -6371,6 +6527,40 @@
      */
     ACAMERA_STATISTICS_OIS_Y_SHIFTS =                           // float[n]
             ACAMERA_STATISTICS_START + 20,
+    /**
+     * <p>An array of timestamps of lens intrinsics samples, in nanoseconds.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Type: int64[n]</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This tag may appear in:
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>ACameraMetadata from ACameraCaptureSession_captureCallback_result callbacks</li>
+     * </ul></p>
+     *
+     * <p>The array contains the timestamps of lens intrinsics samples. The timestamps are in the
+     * same timebase as and comparable to ACAMERA_SENSOR_TIMESTAMP.</p>
+     *
+     * @see ACAMERA_SENSOR_TIMESTAMP
+     */
+    ACAMERA_STATISTICS_LENS_INTRINSIC_TIMESTAMPS =              // int64[n]
+            ACAMERA_STATISTICS_START + 21,
+    /**
+     * <p>An array of intra-frame lens intrinsics.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Type: float[5*n]</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This tag may appear in:
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>ACameraMetadata from ACameraCaptureSession_captureCallback_result callbacks</li>
+     * </ul></p>
+     *
+     * <p>The data layout and contents of individual array entries matches with
+     * ACAMERA_LENS_INTRINSIC_CALIBRATION.</p>
+     *
+     * @see ACAMERA_LENS_INTRINSIC_CALIBRATION
+     */
+    ACAMERA_STATISTICS_LENS_INTRINSIC_SAMPLES =                 // float[5*n]
+            ACAMERA_STATISTICS_START + 22,
     ACAMERA_STATISTICS_END,
 
     /**
@@ -7345,6 +7535,54 @@
      */
     ACAMERA_LOGICAL_MULTI_CAMERA_ACTIVE_PHYSICAL_ID =           // byte
             ACAMERA_LOGICAL_MULTI_CAMERA_START + 2,
+    /**
+     * <p>The current region of the active physical sensor that will be read out for this
+     * capture.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Type: int32[4]</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This tag may appear in:
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>ACameraMetadata from ACameraCaptureSession_captureCallback_result callbacks</li>
+     * </ul></p>
+     *
+     * <p>This capture result matches with ACAMERA_SCALER_CROP_REGION on non-logical single
+     * camera sensor devices. In case of logical cameras that can switch between several
+     * physical devices in response to ACAMERA_CONTROL_ZOOM_RATIO, this capture result will
+     * not behave like ACAMERA_SCALER_CROP_REGION and ACAMERA_CONTROL_ZOOM_RATIO, where the
+     * combination of both reflects the effective zoom and crop of the logical camera output.
+     * Instead, this capture result value will describe the zoom and crop of the active physical
+     * device. Some examples of when the value of this capture result will change include
+     * switches between different physical lenses, switches between regular and maximum
+     * resolution pixel mode and going through the device digital or optical range.
+     * This capture result is similar to ACAMERA_SCALER_CROP_REGION with respect to distortion
+     * correction. When the distortion correction mode is OFF, the coordinate system follows
+     * ACAMERA_SENSOR_INFO_PRE_CORRECTION_ACTIVE_ARRAY_SIZE, with (0, 0) being the top-left pixel
+     * of the pre-correction active array. When the distortion correction mode is not OFF,
+     * the coordinate system follows ACAMERA_SENSOR_INFO_ACTIVE_ARRAY_SIZE, with (0, 0) being
+     * the top-left pixel of the active array.</p>
+     * <p>For camera devices with the
+     * <a href="https://developer.android.com/reference/android/hardware/camera2/CameraMetadata.html#REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_ULTRA_HIGH_RESOLUTION_SENSOR">CameraMetadata#REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_ULTRA_HIGH_RESOLUTION_SENSOR</a>
+     * capability or devices where <a href="https://developer.android.com/reference/CameraCharacteristics.html#getAvailableCaptureRequestKeys">CameraCharacteristics#getAvailableCaptureRequestKeys</a>
+     * lists <a href="https://developer.android.com/reference/CaptureRequest.html#SENSOR_PIXEL_MODE">ACAMERA_SENSOR_PIXEL_MODE</a>
+     * , the current active physical device
+     * ACAMERA_SENSOR_INFO_ACTIVE_ARRAY_SIZE_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION /
+     * ACAMERA_SENSOR_INFO_PRE_CORRECTION_ACTIVE_ARRAY_SIZE_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION must be used as the
+     * coordinate system for requests where ACAMERA_SENSOR_PIXEL_MODE is set to
+     * <a href="https://developer.android.com/reference/android/hardware/camera2/CameraMetadata.html#SENSOR_PIXEL_MODE_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION">CameraMetadata#SENSOR_PIXEL_MODE_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION</a>.</p>
+     * <p>The data representation is int[4], which maps to (left, top, width, height).</p>
+     *
+     * @see ACAMERA_CONTROL_ZOOM_RATIO
+     * @see ACAMERA_SCALER_CROP_REGION
+     * @see ACAMERA_SENSOR_INFO_ACTIVE_ARRAY_SIZE
+     * @see ACAMERA_SENSOR_INFO_ACTIVE_ARRAY_SIZE_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION
+     * @see ACAMERA_SENSOR_INFO_PRE_CORRECTION_ACTIVE_ARRAY_SIZE
+     * @see ACAMERA_SENSOR_INFO_PRE_CORRECTION_ACTIVE_ARRAY_SIZE_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION
+     * @see ACAMERA_SENSOR_PIXEL_MODE
+     */
+    ACAMERA_LOGICAL_MULTI_CAMERA_ACTIVE_PHYSICAL_SENSOR_CROP_REGION = 
+                                                                // int32[4]
+            ACAMERA_LOGICAL_MULTI_CAMERA_START + 3,
     ACAMERA_LOGICAL_MULTI_CAMERA_END,
 
     /**
@@ -8009,6 +8247,44 @@
      */
     ACAMERA_CONTROL_AE_MODE_ON_EXTERNAL_FLASH                        = 5,
 
+    /**
+     * <p>Like 'ON' but applies additional brightness boost in low light scenes.</p>
+     * <p>When the scene lighting conditions are within the range defined by
+     * ACAMERA_CONTROL_LOW_LIGHT_BOOST_INFO_LUMINANCE_RANGE this mode will apply additional
+     * brightness boost.</p>
+     * <p>This mode will automatically adjust the intensity of low light boost applied
+     * according to the scene lighting conditions. A darker scene will receive more boost
+     * while a brighter scene will receive less boost.</p>
+     * <p>This mode can ignore the set target frame rate to allow more light to be captured
+     * which can result in choppier motion. The frame rate can extend to lower than the
+     * ACAMERA_CONTROL_AE_AVAILABLE_TARGET_FPS_RANGES but will not go below 10 FPS. This mode
+     * can also increase the sensor sensitivity gain which can result in increased luma
+     * and chroma noise. The sensor sensitivity gain can extend to higher values beyond
+     * ACAMERA_SENSOR_INFO_SENSITIVITY_RANGE. This mode may also apply additional
+     * processing to recover details in dark and bright areas of the image,and noise
+     * reduction at high sensitivity gain settings to manage the trade-off between light
+     * sensitivity and capture noise.</p>
+     * <p>This mode is restricted to two output surfaces. One output surface type can either
+     * be SurfaceView or TextureView. Another output surface type can either be MediaCodec
+     * or MediaRecorder. This mode cannot be used with a target FPS range higher than 30
+     * FPS.</p>
+     * <p>If the session configuration is not supported, the AE mode reported in the
+     * CaptureResult will be 'ON' instead of 'ON_LOW_LIGHT_BOOST_BRIGHTNESS_PRIORITY'.</p>
+     * <p>The application can observe the CapturerResult field
+     * ACAMERA_CONTROL_LOW_LIGHT_BOOST_STATE to determine when low light boost is 'ACTIVE' or
+     * 'INACTIVE'.</p>
+     * <p>The low light boost is 'ACTIVE' once the scene lighting condition is less than the
+     * upper bound lux value defined by ACAMERA_CONTROL_LOW_LIGHT_BOOST_INFO_LUMINANCE_RANGE.
+     * This mode will be 'INACTIVE' once the scene lighting condition is greater than the
+     * upper bound lux value defined by ACAMERA_CONTROL_LOW_LIGHT_BOOST_INFO_LUMINANCE_RANGE.</p>
+     *
+     * @see ACAMERA_CONTROL_AE_AVAILABLE_TARGET_FPS_RANGES
+     * @see ACAMERA_CONTROL_LOW_LIGHT_BOOST_INFO_LUMINANCE_RANGE
+     * @see ACAMERA_CONTROL_LOW_LIGHT_BOOST_STATE
+     * @see ACAMERA_SENSOR_INFO_SENSITIVITY_RANGE
+     */
+    ACAMERA_CONTROL_AE_MODE_ON_LOW_LIGHT_BOOST_BRIGHTNESS_PRIORITY   = 6,
+
 } acamera_metadata_enum_android_control_ae_mode_t;
 
 // ACAMERA_CONTROL_AE_PRECAPTURE_TRIGGER
@@ -9010,6 +9286,20 @@
 
 } acamera_metadata_enum_android_control_autoframing_state_t;
 
+// ACAMERA_CONTROL_LOW_LIGHT_BOOST_STATE
+typedef enum acamera_metadata_enum_acamera_control_low_light_boost_state {
+    /**
+     * <p>The AE mode 'ON_LOW_LIGHT_BOOST_BRIGHTNESS_PRIORITY' is enabled but not applied.</p>
+     */
+    ACAMERA_CONTROL_LOW_LIGHT_BOOST_STATE_INACTIVE                   = 0,
+
+    /**
+     * <p>The AE mode 'ON_LOW_LIGHT_BOOST_BRIGHTNESS_PRIORITY' is enabled and applied.</p>
+     */
+    ACAMERA_CONTROL_LOW_LIGHT_BOOST_STATE_ACTIVE                     = 1,
+
+} acamera_metadata_enum_android_control_low_light_boost_state_t;
+
 
 
 // ACAMERA_EDGE_MODE
@@ -9885,8 +10175,8 @@
      * </ul>
      * <p><a href="https://developer.android.com/reference/android/hardware/camera2/CameraCharacteristics.html#SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES">CameraCharacteristics#SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES</a>
      * lists all of the supported stream use cases.</p>
-     * <p>Refer to
-     * <a href="https://developer.android.com/reference/android/hardware/camera2/CameraDevice.html#stream-use-case-capability-additional-guaranteed-configurations">CameraDevice#stream-use-case-capability-additional-guaranteed-configurations</a>
+     * <p>Refer to the
+     * <a href="https://developer.android.com/reference/android/hardware/camera2/CameraDevice#stream-use-case-capability-additional-guaranteed-configurations">guideline</a>
      * for the mandatory stream combinations involving stream use cases, which can also be
      * queried via <a href="https://developer.android.com/reference/android/hardware/camera2/params/MandatoryStreamCombination.html">MandatoryStreamCombination</a>.</p>
      */
@@ -10747,9 +11037,9 @@
     /**
      * <p>This camera device does not have enough capabilities to qualify as a <code>FULL</code> device or
      * better.</p>
-     * <p>Only the stream configurations listed in the <code>LEGACY</code> and <code>LIMITED</code> tables in the
-     * {@link ACameraDevice_createCaptureSession }
-     * documentation are guaranteed to be supported.</p>
+     * <p>Only the stream configurations listed in the <code>LEGACY</code> and <code>LIMITED</code>
+     * <a href="https://developer.android.com/reference/android/hardware/camera2/CameraDevice#limited-level-additional-guaranteed-configurations">tables</a>
+     * in the documentation are guaranteed to be supported.</p>
      * <p>All <code>LIMITED</code> devices support the <code>BACKWARDS_COMPATIBLE</code> capability, indicating basic
      * support for color image capture. The only exception is that the device may
      * alternatively support only the <code>DEPTH_OUTPUT</code> capability, if it can only output depth
@@ -10774,9 +11064,9 @@
 
     /**
      * <p>This camera device is capable of supporting advanced imaging applications.</p>
-     * <p>The stream configurations listed in the <code>FULL</code>, <code>LEGACY</code> and <code>LIMITED</code> tables in the
-     * {@link ACameraDevice_createCaptureSession }
-     * documentation are guaranteed to be supported.</p>
+     * <p>The stream configurations listed in the <code>FULL</code>, <code>LEGACY</code> and <code>LIMITED</code>
+     * <a href="https://developer.android.com/reference/android/hardware/camera2/CameraDevice#full-level-additional-guaranteed-configurations">tables</a>
+     * in the documentation are guaranteed to be supported.</p>
      * <p>A <code>FULL</code> device will support below capabilities:</p>
      * <ul>
      * <li><code>BURST_CAPTURE</code> capability (ACAMERA_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES contains
@@ -10803,9 +11093,9 @@
 
     /**
      * <p>This camera device is running in backward compatibility mode.</p>
-     * <p>Only the stream configurations listed in the <code>LEGACY</code> table in the
-     * {@link ACameraDevice_createCaptureSession }
-     * documentation are supported.</p>
+     * <p>Only the stream configurations listed in the <code>LEGACY</code>
+     * <a href="https://developer.android.com/reference/android/hardware/camera2/CameraDevice#legacy-level-guaranteed-configurations">table</a>
+     * in the documentation are supported.</p>
      * <p>A <code>LEGACY</code> device does not support per-frame control, manual sensor control, manual
      * post-processing, arbitrary cropping regions, and has relaxed performance constraints.
      * No additional capabilities beyond <code>BACKWARD_COMPATIBLE</code> will ever be listed by a
@@ -10827,9 +11117,9 @@
      * <p>This camera device is capable of YUV reprocessing and RAW data capture, in addition to
      * FULL-level capabilities.</p>
      * <p>The stream configurations listed in the <code>LEVEL_3</code>, <code>RAW</code>, <code>FULL</code>, <code>LEGACY</code> and
-     * <code>LIMITED</code> tables in the
-     * {@link ACameraDevice_createCaptureSession }
-     * documentation are guaranteed to be supported.</p>
+     * <code>LIMITED</code>
+     * <a href="https://developer.android.com/reference/android/hardware/camera2/CameraDevice#level-3-additional-guaranteed-configurations">tables</a>
+     * in the documentation are guaranteed to be supported.</p>
      * <p>The following additional capabilities are guaranteed to be supported:</p>
      * <ul>
      * <li><code>YUV_REPROCESSING</code> capability (ACAMERA_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES contains
diff --git a/camera/ndk/include/camera/NdkCameraWindowType.h b/camera/ndk/include/camera/NdkCameraWindowType.h
index 0838fba..2217528 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/include/camera/NdkCameraWindowType.h
+++ b/camera/ndk/include/camera/NdkCameraWindowType.h
@@ -41,14 +41,11 @@
  * camera2 NDK. This enables us to share the api definition headers and avoid
  * code duplication (since the VNDK variant doesn't use ANativeWindow unlike the
  * NDK variant).
+ * @deprecated No longer needed. Both NDK and VNDK use ANativeWindow now.
+ *             Use ANativeWindow directly.
  */
-#ifdef __ANDROID_VNDK__
-#include <cutils/native_handle.h>
-typedef const native_handle_t ACameraWindowType;
-#else
 #include <android/native_window.h>
 typedef ANativeWindow ACameraWindowType;
-#endif
 
 /** @} */
 
diff --git a/camera/ndk/include/camera/NdkCaptureRequest.h b/camera/ndk/include/camera/NdkCaptureRequest.h
index dc18544..5ccb510 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/include/camera/NdkCaptureRequest.h
+++ b/camera/ndk/include/camera/NdkCaptureRequest.h
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
  *
  * @see ACaptureRequest_addTarget
  */
-camera_status_t ACameraOutputTarget_create(ACameraWindowType* window,
+camera_status_t ACameraOutputTarget_create(ANativeWindow* window,
         ACameraOutputTarget** output) __INTRODUCED_IN(24);
 
 /**
diff --git a/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/ACameraCaptureSessionVendor.h b/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/ACameraCaptureSessionVendor.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 45098c3..0000000
--- a/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/ACameraCaptureSessionVendor.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "utils.h"
-
-#include <android/binder_auto_utils.h>
-#include <string>
-#include <set>
-
-using ::android::acam::utils::native_handle_ptr_wrapper;
-
-struct ACaptureSessionOutput {
-    explicit ACaptureSessionOutput(const native_handle_t* window, bool isShared = false,
-            const char* physicalCameraId = "") :
-            mWindow(window), mIsShared(isShared), mPhysicalCameraId(physicalCameraId) {};
-
-    bool operator == (const ACaptureSessionOutput& other) const {
-        return (mWindow == other.mWindow);
-    }
-
-    bool operator != (const ACaptureSessionOutput& other) const {
-        return mWindow != other.mWindow;
-    }
-
-    bool operator < (const ACaptureSessionOutput& other) const {
-        return mWindow < other.mWindow;
-    }
-
-    bool operator > (const ACaptureSessionOutput& other) const {
-        return mWindow > other.mWindow;
-    }
-
-    inline bool isWindowEqual(ACameraWindowType* window) const {
-        return mWindow == native_handle_ptr_wrapper(window);
-    }
-
-    // returns true if the window was successfully added, false otherwise.
-    inline bool addSharedWindow(ACameraWindowType* window) {
-        auto ret = mSharedWindows.insert(window);
-        return ret.second;
-    }
-
-    // returns the number of elements removed.
-    inline size_t removeSharedWindow(ACameraWindowType* window) {
-        return mSharedWindows.erase(window);
-    }
-
-    native_handle_ptr_wrapper mWindow;
-    std::set<native_handle_ptr_wrapper> mSharedWindows;
-    bool           mIsShared;
-    int            mRotation = CAMERA3_STREAM_ROTATION_0;
-    std::string mPhysicalCameraId;
-};
-
-
diff --git a/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/ACameraDevice.cpp b/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/ACameraDevice.cpp
index 87102e4..3325da6 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/ACameraDevice.cpp
+++ b/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/ACameraDevice.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 #include <aidl/android/frameworks/cameraservice/device/CameraMetadata.h>
 #include <aidl/android/frameworks/cameraservice/device/OutputConfiguration.h>
 #include <aidl/android/frameworks/cameraservice/device/SessionConfiguration.h>
-#include <aidlcommonsupport/NativeHandle.h>
+#include <android/native_window_aidl.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <map>
 #include <utility>
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
 using AidlCameraMetadata = ::aidl::android::frameworks::cameraservice::device::CameraMetadata;
 using ::aidl::android::frameworks::cameraservice::device::OutputConfiguration;
 using ::aidl::android::frameworks::cameraservice::device::SessionConfiguration;
+using ::aidl::android::view::Surface;
 using ::ndk::ScopedAStatus;
 
 // Static member definitions
@@ -231,8 +232,9 @@
         OutputConfiguration& outputStream = sessionConfig.outputStreams[index];
         outputStream.rotation = utils::convertToAidl(output.mRotation);
         outputStream.windowGroupId = -1;
-        outputStream.windowHandles.resize(output.mSharedWindows.size() + 1);
-        outputStream.windowHandles[0] = std::move(dupToAidl(output.mWindow));
+        auto& surfaces = outputStream.surfaces;
+        surfaces.reserve(output.mSharedWindows.size() + 1);
+        surfaces.emplace_back(output.mWindow);
         outputStream.physicalCameraId = output.mPhysicalCameraId;
         index++;
     }
@@ -298,12 +300,12 @@
 
     OutputConfiguration outConfig;
     outConfig.rotation = utils::convertToAidl(output->mRotation);
-    outConfig.windowHandles.resize(output->mSharedWindows.size() + 1);
-    outConfig.windowHandles[0] = std::move(dupToAidl(output->mWindow));
+    auto& surfaces = outConfig.surfaces;
+    surfaces.reserve(output->mSharedWindows.size() + 1);
+    surfaces.emplace_back(output->mWindow);
     outConfig.physicalCameraId = output->mPhysicalCameraId;
-    int i = 1;
     for (auto& anw : output->mSharedWindows) {
-        outConfig.windowHandles[i++] = std::move(dupToAidl(anw));
+        surfaces.emplace_back(anw);
     }
 
     auto remoteRet = mRemote->updateOutputConfiguration(streamId,
@@ -340,7 +342,7 @@
     return ACAMERA_OK;
 }
 
-camera_status_t CameraDevice::prepareLocked(ACameraWindowType *window) {
+camera_status_t CameraDevice::prepareLocked(ANativeWindow *window) {
     camera_status_t ret = checkCameraClosedOrErrorLocked();
     if (ret != ACAMERA_OK) {
         return ret;
@@ -387,18 +389,19 @@
     std::vector<int32_t> requestSurfaceIdxList;
 
     for (auto& outputTarget : request->targets->mOutputs) {
-        native_handle_ptr_wrapper anw = outputTarget.mWindow;
+        ANativeWindow *anw = outputTarget.mWindow;
         bool found = false;
         req->mSurfaceList.push_back(anw);
         // lookup stream/surface ID
         for (const auto& kvPair : mConfiguredOutputs) {
             int streamId = kvPair.first;
             const OutputConfiguration& outConfig = kvPair.second.second;
-            const auto& windowHandles = outConfig.windowHandles;
-            for (int surfaceId = 0; surfaceId < (int) windowHandles.size(); surfaceId++) {
+            const auto& surfaces = outConfig.surfaces;
+            for (int surfaceId = 0; surfaceId < (int) surfaces.size(); surfaceId++) {
                 // If two window handles point to the same native window,
                 // they have the same surfaces.
-                if (utils::isWindowNativeHandleEqual(anw, windowHandles[surfaceId])) {
+                auto& surface = surfaces[surfaceId];
+                if (anw == surface.get()) {
                     found = true;
                     requestStreamIdxList.push_back(streamId);
                     requestSurfaceIdxList.push_back(surfaceId);
@@ -410,7 +413,7 @@
             }
         }
         if (!found) {
-            ALOGE("Unconfigured output target %p in capture request!", anw.mWindow);
+            ALOGE("Unconfigured output target %p in capture request!", anw);
             return ACAMERA_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
         }
     }
@@ -470,7 +473,7 @@
     }
     pRequest->targets = new ACameraOutputTargets();
     for (size_t i = 0; i < req->mSurfaceList.size(); i++) {
-        native_handle_ptr_wrapper anw = req->mSurfaceList[i];
+        ANativeWindow *anw = req->mSurfaceList[i];
         ACameraOutputTarget outputTarget(anw);
         pRequest->targets->mOutputs.insert(std::move(outputTarget));
     }
@@ -637,20 +640,21 @@
         return ret;
     }
 
-    std::map<native_handle_ptr_wrapper, OutputConfiguration> handleToConfig;
+    std::map<ANativeWindow *, OutputConfiguration> windowToConfig;
     for (const auto& outConfig : outputs->mOutputs) {
-        native_handle_ptr_wrapper anw = outConfig.mWindow;
+        ANativeWindow *anw = outConfig.mWindow;
         OutputConfiguration outConfigInsert;
         outConfigInsert.rotation = utils::convertToAidl(outConfig.mRotation);
         outConfigInsert.windowGroupId = -1;
-        outConfigInsert.windowHandles.resize(outConfig.mSharedWindows.size() + 1);
-        outConfigInsert.windowHandles[0] = std::move(dupToAidl(anw));
+        auto& surfaces = outConfigInsert.surfaces;
+        surfaces.reserve(outConfig.mSharedWindows.size() + 1);
+        surfaces.emplace_back(anw);
         outConfigInsert.physicalCameraId = outConfig.mPhysicalCameraId;
-        handleToConfig.insert({anw, std::move(outConfigInsert)});
+        windowToConfig.insert({anw, std::move(outConfigInsert)});
     }
 
-    std::set<native_handle_ptr_wrapper> addSet;
-    for (auto& kvPair : handleToConfig) {
+    std::set<ANativeWindow *> addSet;
+    for (auto& kvPair : windowToConfig) {
         addSet.insert(kvPair.first);
     }
 
@@ -663,8 +667,8 @@
         auto& anw = outputPair.first;
         auto& configuredOutput = outputPair.second;
 
-        auto itr = handleToConfig.find(anw);
-        if (itr != handleToConfig.end() && (itr->second) == configuredOutput) {
+        auto itr = windowToConfig.find(anw);
+        if (itr != windowToConfig.end() && (itr->second) == configuredOutput) {
             deleteList.push_back(streamId);
         } else {
             addSet.erase(anw);
@@ -714,13 +718,13 @@
     // add new streams
     for (const auto &anw : addSet) {
         int32_t streamId;
-        auto itr = handleToConfig.find(anw);
+        auto itr = windowToConfig.find(anw);
         remoteRet = mRemote->createStream(itr->second, &streamId);
         CHECK_TRANSACTION_AND_RET(remoteRet, "createStream()")
         mConfiguredOutputs.insert(std::make_pair(streamId,
                                                  std::make_pair(anw,
                                                                 std::move(itr->second))));
-        handleToConfig.erase(itr);
+        windowToConfig.erase(itr);
     }
 
     AidlCameraMetadata aidlParams;
@@ -867,9 +871,9 @@
         // Get the surfaces corresponding to the error stream id, go through
         // them and try to match the surfaces in the corresponding
         // CaptureRequest.
-        const auto& errorWindowHandles =
-                outputPairIt->second.second.windowHandles;
-        for (const auto& errorWindowHandle : errorWindowHandles) {
+        const auto& errorSurfaces =
+                outputPairIt->second.second.surfaces;
+        for (const auto& errorSurface : errorSurfaces) {
             for (const auto &requestStreamAndWindowId :
                         request->mCaptureRequest.streamAndWindowIds) {
                 // Go through the surfaces in the capture request and see which
@@ -884,12 +888,11 @@
                     return;
                 }
 
-                const auto &requestWindowHandles =
-                        requestSurfacePairIt->second.second.windowHandles;
+                const auto &requestSurfaces = requestSurfacePairIt->second.second.surfaces;
+                auto& requestSurface = requestSurfaces[requestWindowId];
 
-                if (requestWindowHandles[requestWindowId] == errorWindowHandle) {
-                    const native_handle_t* anw = makeFromAidl(
-                            requestWindowHandles[requestWindowId]);
+                if (requestSurface == errorSurface) {
+                    const ANativeWindow *anw = requestSurface.get();
                     ALOGV("Camera %s Lost output buffer for ANW %p frame %" PRId64,
                             getId(), anw, frameNumber);
 
@@ -1085,7 +1088,7 @@
                     if (onWindowPrepared == nullptr) {
                         return;
                     }
-                    native_handle_t* anw;
+                    ANativeWindow* anw;
                     found = msg->findPointer(kAnwKey, (void**) &anw);
                     if (!found) {
                         ALOGE("%s: Cannot find ANativeWindow: %d!", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
@@ -1342,10 +1345,10 @@
                         return;
                     }
 
-                    native_handle_t* anw;
+                    ANativeWindow* anw;
                     found = msg->findPointer(kAnwKey, (void**) &anw);
                     if (!found) {
-                        ALOGE("%s: Cannot find native_handle_t!", __FUNCTION__);
+                        ALOGE("%s: Cannot find ANativeWindow!", __FUNCTION__);
                         return;
                     }
 
@@ -1359,7 +1362,6 @@
                     ACaptureRequest* request = allocateACaptureRequest(requestSp, id_cstr);
                     (*onBufferLost)(context, session.get(), request, anw, frameNumber);
                     freeACaptureRequest(request);
-                    native_handle_delete(anw); // clean up anw as it was copied from AIDL
                     break;
                 }
             }
@@ -1842,7 +1844,7 @@
         return ScopedAStatus::ok();
     }
     // We've found the window corresponding to the surface id.
-    const native_handle_t *anw = it->second.first.mWindow;
+    const ANativeWindow *anw = it->second.first;
     sp<AMessage> msg = new AMessage(kWhatPreparedCb, dev->mHandler);
     msg->setPointer(kContextKey, session->mPreparedCb.context);
     msg->setPointer(kAnwKey, (void *)anw);
diff --git a/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/ACameraDevice.h b/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/ACameraDevice.h
index 6e0c772..b771d47 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/ACameraDevice.h
+++ b/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/ACameraDevice.h
@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@
 using ::aidl::android::frameworks::cameraservice::service::CameraStatusAndId;
 using ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::SynchronizedReadWrite;
 using ::android::AidlMessageQueue;
-using ::android::acam::utils::native_handle_ptr_wrapper;
 
 
 using ResultMetadataQueue = AidlMessageQueue<int8_t, SynchronizedReadWrite>;
@@ -197,7 +196,7 @@
 
     camera_status_t updateOutputConfigurationLocked(ACaptureSessionOutput *output);
 
-    camera_status_t prepareLocked(ACameraWindowType *window);
+    camera_status_t prepareLocked(ANativeWindow *window);
 
     // Since this writes to ICameraDeviceUser's fmq, clients must take care that:
     //   a) This function is called serially.
@@ -236,7 +235,7 @@
 
     // stream id -> pair of (ACameraWindowType* from application, OutputConfiguration used for
     // camera service)
-    std::map<int, std::pair<native_handle_ptr_wrapper, OutputConfiguration>> mConfiguredOutputs;
+    std::map<int, std::pair<ANativeWindow *, OutputConfiguration>> mConfiguredOutputs;
 
     // TODO: maybe a bool will suffice for synchronous implementation?
     std::atomic_bool mClosing;
diff --git a/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/ACaptureRequestVendor.h b/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/ACaptureRequestVendor.h
deleted file mode 100644
index fcb7e34..0000000
--- a/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/ACaptureRequestVendor.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "utils.h"
-
-using ::android::acam::utils::native_handle_ptr_wrapper;
-struct ACameraOutputTarget {
-    explicit ACameraOutputTarget(const native_handle_t* window) : mWindow(window) {};
-
-    bool operator == (const ACameraOutputTarget& other) const {
-        return mWindow == other.mWindow;
-    }
-    bool operator != (const ACameraOutputTarget& other) const {
-        return mWindow != other.mWindow;
-    }
-    bool operator < (const ACameraOutputTarget& other) const {
-        return mWindow < other.mWindow;
-    }
-    bool operator > (const ACameraOutputTarget& other) const {
-        return mWindow > other.mWindow;
-    }
-
-    native_handle_ptr_wrapper mWindow;
-};
diff --git a/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/utils.cpp b/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/utils.cpp
index 73a527b..3971c73 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/utils.cpp
+++ b/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/utils.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 
 #include "utils.h"
 
-#include <aidlcommonsupport/NativeHandle.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 
 namespace android {
@@ -138,51 +137,6 @@
     return ret;
 }
 
-bool isWindowNativeHandleEqual(const native_handle_t *nh1, const native_handle_t *nh2) {
-    if (nh1->numFds !=0 || nh2->numFds !=0) {
-        ALOGE("Invalid window native handles being compared");
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (nh1->version != nh2->version || nh1->numFds != nh2->numFds ||
-        nh1->numInts != nh2->numInts) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < nh1->numInts; i++) {
-        if(nh1->data[i] != nh2->data[i]) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool isWindowNativeHandleEqual(const native_handle_t *nh1,
-                               const aidl::android::hardware::common::NativeHandle& nh2) {
-    native_handle_t* tempNh = makeFromAidl(nh2);
-    bool equal = isWindowNativeHandleEqual(nh1, tempNh);
-    native_handle_delete(tempNh);
-    return equal;
-}
-
-bool isWindowNativeHandleLessThan(const native_handle_t *nh1, const native_handle_t *nh2) {
-    if (isWindowNativeHandleEqual(nh1, nh2)) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (nh1->numInts != nh2->numInts) {
-        return nh1->numInts < nh2->numInts;
-    }
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < nh1->numInts; i++) {
-        if (nh1->data[i] != nh2->data[i]) {
-            return nh1->data[i] < nh2->data[i];
-        }
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-bool isWindowNativeHandleGreaterThan(const native_handle_t *nh1, const native_handle_t *nh2) {
-    return !isWindowNativeHandleLessThan(nh1, nh2) && !isWindowNativeHandleEqual(nh1, nh2);
-}
-
 } // namespace utils
 } // namespace acam
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/utils.h b/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/utils.h
index 7ad74ad..d0dd2fc 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/utils.h
+++ b/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/utils.h
@@ -38,53 +38,14 @@
 using ::aidl::android::frameworks::cameraservice::device::OutputConfiguration;
 using ::aidl::android::frameworks::cameraservice::device::PhysicalCameraSettings;
 using ::aidl::android::frameworks::cameraservice::device::TemplateId;
-using ::aidl::android::hardware::common::NativeHandle;
 using ::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata;
 using AidlCameraMetadata = ::aidl::android::frameworks::cameraservice::device::CameraMetadata;
 using AidlCaptureRequest = ::aidl::android::frameworks::cameraservice::device::CaptureRequest;
 
-bool isWindowNativeHandleEqual(const native_handle_t *nh1, const native_handle_t *nh2);
-
-bool isWindowNativeHandleEqual(const native_handle_t* nh1, const NativeHandle& nh2);
-
-bool isWindowNativeHandleLessThan(const native_handle_t *nh1, const native_handle_t *nh2);
-
-// Convenience wrapper over isWindowNativeHandleLessThan and isWindowNativeHandleEqual
-bool isWindowNativeHandleGreaterThan(const native_handle_t *nh1, const native_handle_t *nh2);
-
-// Utility class so the native_handle_t can be compared with  its contents instead
-// of just raw pointer comparisons.
-struct native_handle_ptr_wrapper {
-    const native_handle_t *mWindow = nullptr;
-
-    native_handle_ptr_wrapper(const native_handle_t *nh) : mWindow(nh) { }
-
-    native_handle_ptr_wrapper() = default;
-
-    operator const native_handle_t *() const { return mWindow; }
-
-    bool operator ==(const native_handle_ptr_wrapper other) const {
-        return isWindowNativeHandleEqual(mWindow, other.mWindow);
-    }
-
-    bool operator != (const native_handle_ptr_wrapper& other) const {
-        return !isWindowNativeHandleEqual(mWindow, other.mWindow);
-    }
-
-    bool operator < (const native_handle_ptr_wrapper& other) const {
-        return isWindowNativeHandleLessThan(mWindow, other.mWindow);
-    }
-
-    bool operator > (const native_handle_ptr_wrapper& other) const {
-        return !isWindowNativeHandleGreaterThan(mWindow, other.mWindow);
-    }
-
-};
-
 // Utility class so that CaptureRequest can be stored by sp<>
 struct CaptureRequest: public RefBase {
   AidlCaptureRequest mCaptureRequest;
-  std::vector<native_handle_ptr_wrapper> mSurfaceList;
+  std::vector<ANativeWindow *> mSurfaceList;
   // Physical camera settings metadata is stored here, as the capture request
   // might not contain it. That's since, fmq might have consumed it.
   std::vector<PhysicalCameraSettings> mPhysicalCameraSettings;
diff --git a/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/tests/AImageReaderVendorTest.cpp b/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/tests/AImageReaderVendorTest.cpp
index 74c6cad..0259359 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/tests/AImageReaderVendorTest.cpp
+++ b/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/tests/AImageReaderVendorTest.cpp
@@ -31,8 +31,6 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 
 #include <android/log.h>
-#include <android/hidl/manager/1.2/IServiceManager.h>
-#include <android/hidl/token/1.0/ITokenManager.h>
 #include <camera/NdkCameraError.h>
 #include <camera/NdkCameraManager.h>
 #include <camera/NdkCameraDevice.h>
@@ -40,7 +38,6 @@
 #include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
 #include <media/NdkImage.h>
 #include <media/NdkImageReader.h>
-#include <cutils/native_handle.h>
 #include <VendorTagDescriptor.h>
 
 namespace {
@@ -53,9 +50,7 @@
 static constexpr int kTestImageFormat = AIMAGE_FORMAT_YUV_420_888;
 
 using android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::VendorTagDescriptorCache;
-using android::hidl::manager::V1_0::IServiceManager;
-using android::hidl::token::V1_0::ITokenManager;
-using ConfiguredWindows = std::set<const native_handle_t *>;
+using ConfiguredWindows = std::set<ANativeWindow*>;
 
 class CameraHelper {
    public:
@@ -65,11 +60,11 @@
 
     struct PhysicalImgReaderInfo {
         const char* physicalCameraId;
-        const native_handle_t* anw;
+        ANativeWindow* anw;
     };
 
     // Retaining the error code in case the caller needs to analyze it.
-    std::variant<int, ConfiguredWindows> initCamera(const native_handle_t* imgReaderAnw,
+    std::variant<int, ConfiguredWindows> initCamera(ANativeWindow* imgReaderAnw,
             const std::vector<PhysicalImgReaderInfo>& physicalImgReaders,
             bool usePhysicalSettings, bool prepareWindows = false) {
         ConfiguredWindows configuredWindows;
@@ -109,7 +104,7 @@
         }
         configuredWindows.insert(mImgReaderAnw);
         std::vector<const char*> idPointerList;
-        std::set<const native_handle_t*> physicalStreamMap;
+        std::set<ANativeWindow*> physicalStreamMap;
         for (auto& physicalStream : physicalImgReaders) {
             ACaptureSessionOutput* sessionOutput = nullptr;
             ret = ACaptureSessionPhysicalOutput_create(physicalStream.anw,
@@ -301,7 +296,7 @@
 
 
    private:
-    static void onPreparedCb(void* obj, ACameraWindowType *anw, ACameraCaptureSession *session) {
+    static void onPreparedCb(void* obj, ANativeWindow *anw, ACameraCaptureSession *session) {
         CameraHelper* thiz = reinterpret_cast<CameraHelper*>(obj);
         thiz->handlePrepared(anw, session);
     }
@@ -317,7 +312,7 @@
         return ret;
     }
 
-    void handlePrepared(ACameraWindowType *anw, ACameraCaptureSession *session) {
+    void handlePrepared(ANativeWindow *anw, ACameraCaptureSession *session) {
         // Reduce the pending prepared count of anw by 1. If count is  0, remove the key.
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
         if (session != mSession) {
@@ -334,7 +329,7 @@
             mPendingPreparedCbs.erase(anw);
         }
     }
-    void incPendingPrepared(ACameraWindowType *anw) {
+    void incPendingPrepared(ANativeWindow *anw) {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
         if ((mPendingPreparedCbs.find(anw) == mPendingPreparedCbs.end())) {
             mPendingPreparedCbs[anw] = 1;
@@ -344,13 +339,13 @@
     }
 
     // ANW -> pending prepared callbacks
-    std::unordered_map<ACameraWindowType *, int> mPendingPreparedCbs;
+    std::unordered_map<ANativeWindow*, int> mPendingPreparedCbs;
     ACameraDevice_StateCallbacks mDeviceCb{this, nullptr, nullptr};
     ACameraCaptureSession_stateCallbacks mSessionCb{ this, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr};
 
     ACameraCaptureSession_prepareCallback mPreparedCb = &onPreparedCb;
 
-    const native_handle_t* mImgReaderAnw = nullptr;  // not owned by us.
+    ANativeWindow* mImgReaderAnw = nullptr;  // not owned by us.
 
     // Camera device
     ACameraDevice* mDevice = nullptr;
@@ -484,7 +479,7 @@
     ~ImageReaderTestCase() {
         if (mImgReaderAnw) {
             AImageReader_delete(mImgReader);
-            // No need to call native_handle_t_release on imageReaderAnw
+            // No need to call AImageReader_release(mImgReaderAnw).
         }
     }
 
@@ -514,17 +509,18 @@
             return ret;
         }
 
-        ret = AImageReader_getWindowNativeHandle(mImgReader, &mImgReaderAnw);
+
+        ret = AImageReader_getWindow(mImgReader, &mImgReaderAnw);
         if (ret != AMEDIA_OK || mImgReaderAnw == nullptr) {
-            ALOGE("Failed to get native_handle_t from AImageReader, ret=%d, mImgReaderAnw=%p.", ret,
-                  mImgReaderAnw);
+            ALOGE("Failed to get ANativeWindow* from AImageReader, ret=%d, mImgReader=%p.", ret,
+                  mImgReader);
             return -1;
         }
 
         return 0;
     }
 
-    const native_handle_t* getNativeWindow() { return mImgReaderAnw; }
+    ANativeWindow* getNativeWindow() { return mImgReaderAnw; }
 
     int getAcquiredImageCount() {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
@@ -657,7 +653,7 @@
     int mAcquiredImageCount{0};
 
     AImageReader* mImgReader = nullptr;
-    native_handle_t* mImgReaderAnw = nullptr;
+    ANativeWindow* mImgReaderAnw = nullptr;
 
     AImageReader_ImageListener mReaderAvailableCb{this, onImageAvailable};
     AImageReader_BufferRemovedListener mReaderDetachedCb{this, onBufferRemoved};
@@ -985,20 +981,12 @@
 
 
 
-TEST_F(AImageReaderVendorTest, CreateWindowNativeHandle) {
-    auto transport = android::hardware::defaultServiceManager()->getTransport(ITokenManager::descriptor, "default");
-    if (transport.isOk() && transport == IServiceManager::Transport::EMPTY) {
-        GTEST_SKIP() << "This device no longer supports AImageReader_getWindowNativeHandle";
-    }
+TEST_F(AImageReaderVendorTest, CreateANativeWindow) {
     testBasicTakePictures(/*prepareSurfaces*/ false);
     testBasicTakePictures(/*prepareSurfaces*/ true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(AImageReaderVendorTest, LogicalCameraPhysicalStream) {
-    auto transport = android::hardware::defaultServiceManager()->getTransport(ITokenManager::descriptor, "default");
-    if (transport.isOk() && transport == IServiceManager::Transport::EMPTY) {
-        GTEST_SKIP() << "This device no longer supports AImageReader_getWindowNativeHandle";
-    }
     for (auto & v2 : {true, false}) {
         testLogicalCameraPhysicalStream(false/*usePhysicalSettings*/, v2);
         testLogicalCameraPhysicalStream(true/*usePhysicalSettings*/, v2);
diff --git a/camera/tests/fuzzer/Android.bp b/camera/tests/fuzzer/Android.bp
index bae8706..b74b7a1 100644
--- a/camera/tests/fuzzer/Android.bp
+++ b/camera/tests/fuzzer/Android.bp
@@ -26,8 +26,10 @@
     name: "camera_defaults",
     static_libs: [
         "libcamera_client",
+        "libbinder_random_parcel",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
+        "camera_platform_flags_c_lib",
         "libbase",
         "libcutils",
         "libutils",
@@ -37,11 +39,22 @@
         "libcamera_metadata",
         "libnativewindow",
     ],
+    header_libs: [
+        "libbinder_headers",
+    ],
     fuzz_config: {
         cc: [
-            "android-media-fuzzing-reports@google.com",
+            "android-camera-fwk-eng@google.com",
         ],
-        componentid: 155276,
+        componentid: 41727,
+        hotlists: [
+            "4593311",
+        ],
+        description: "The fuzzer targets the APIs of libcamera_client",
+        vector: "local_no_privileges_required",
+        service_privilege: "privileged",
+        users: "multi_user",
+        fuzzed_code_usage: "shipped",
     },
 }
 
@@ -148,3 +161,23 @@
         "camera_defaults",
     ],
 }
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "camera_utils_fuzzer",
+    srcs: [
+        "camera_utils_fuzzer.cpp",
+    ],
+    defaults: [
+        "camera_defaults",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "camera_metadata_fuzzer",
+    srcs: [
+        "camera_metadata_fuzzer.cpp",
+    ],
+    defaults: [
+        "camera_defaults",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/camera/tests/fuzzer/README.md b/camera/tests/fuzzer/README.md
index c07ac04..96557f8 100644
--- a/camera/tests/fuzzer/README.md
+++ b/camera/tests/fuzzer/README.md
@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@
   $ mm -j$(nproc) camera_Parameters_fuzzer
   $ mm -j$(nproc) camera_SessionStats_fuzzer
   $ mm -j$(nproc) camera_captureResult_fuzzer
+  $ mm -j$(nproc) camera_utils_fuzzer
+  $ mm -j$(nproc) camera_metadata_fuzzer
 ```
 #### Steps to run
 To run on device
@@ -67,6 +69,8 @@
   $ adb shell /data/fuzz/${TARGET_ARCH}/camera_Parameters_fuzzer/camera_Parameters_fuzzer
   $ adb shell /data/fuzz/${TARGET_ARCH}/camera_SessionStats_fuzzer/camera_SessionStats_fuzzer
   $ adb shell /data/fuzz/${TARGET_ARCH}/camera_captureResult_fuzzer/camera_captureResult_fuzzer
+  $ adb shell /data/fuzz/${TARGET_ARCH}/camera_utils_fuzzer/camera_utils_fuzzer
+  $ adb shell /data/fuzz/${TARGET_ARCH}/camera_metadata_fuzzer/camera_metadata_fuzzer
 ```
 
 ## References:
diff --git a/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera2common.h b/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera2common.h
index 14a1b1b..c82e74d 100644
--- a/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera2common.h
+++ b/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera2common.h
@@ -16,10 +16,93 @@
 #ifndef CAMERA2COMMON_H
 #define CAMERA2COMMON_H
 
+#include <CameraSessionStats.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
 #include <binder/Parcel.h>
+#include <fuzzbinder/random_binder.h>
+#include <fuzzbinder/random_fd.h>
+#include <fuzzbinder/random_parcel.h>
+#include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+#include <utils/String16.h>
 
 using namespace android;
 
+const std::string kFetchCameraService = "media.camera";
+
+constexpr int8_t kMinIterations = 0;
+constexpr int8_t kMaxIterations = 20;
+constexpr int8_t kMinExtraFDs = 0;
+constexpr int8_t kMinExtraBinder = 0;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxFDs = 1000;
+constexpr int32_t kMinBytes = 0;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxBytes = 20;
+constexpr int32_t kMinCapacity = 1;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxCapacity = 1000;
+
+const int32_t kValidFacing[] = {android::hardware::CameraSessionStats::CAMERA_FACING_BACK,
+                                android::hardware::CameraSessionStats::CAMERA_FACING_FRONT};
+const int32_t kValidOrientation[] = {0, 90, 180, 270};
+
+void randomizeParcel(Parcel* parcel, FuzzedDataProvider& provider) {
+    sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
+    sp<IBinder> binder = sm->getService(String16(kFetchCameraService.c_str()));
+    RandomParcelOptions options{
+            .extraBinders = {binder},
+            .extraFds = {},
+    };
+
+    auto retFds = parcel->debugReadAllFileDescriptors();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < retFds.size(); ++i) {
+        options.extraFds.push_back(base::unique_fd(dup(retFds[i])));
+    }
+    int8_t iterations = provider.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int8_t>(kMinIterations, kMaxIterations);
+    while (--iterations >= 0) {
+        auto fillFunc = provider.PickValueInArray<const std::function<void()>>({
+                // write data
+                [&]() {
+                    size_t toWrite = provider.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes);
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> data = provider.ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(toWrite);
+                    CHECK(OK == parcel->write(data.data(), data.size()));
+                },
+                // write FD
+                [&]() {
+                    if (options.extraFds.size() > 0 && provider.ConsumeBool()) {
+                        const base::unique_fd& fd =
+                                options.extraFds.at(provider.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(
+                                        kMinExtraFDs, options.extraFds.size() - 1));
+                        CHECK(OK == parcel->writeFileDescriptor(fd.get(), false /*takeOwnership*/));
+                    } else {
+                        // b/260119717 - Adding more FDs can eventually lead to FD limit exhaustion
+                        if (options.extraFds.size() > kMaxFDs) {
+                            return;
+                        }
+
+                        std::vector<base::unique_fd> fds = getRandomFds(&provider);
+                        CHECK(OK == parcel->writeFileDescriptor(fds.begin()->release(),
+                                                                true /*takeOwnership*/));
+
+                        options.extraFds.insert(options.extraFds.end(),
+                                                std::make_move_iterator(fds.begin() + 1),
+                                                std::make_move_iterator(fds.end()));
+                    }
+                },
+                // write binder
+                [&]() {
+                    sp<IBinder> binder;
+                    if (options.extraBinders.size() > 0 && provider.ConsumeBool()) {
+                        binder = options.extraBinders.at(provider.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(
+                                kMinExtraBinder, options.extraBinders.size() - 1));
+                    } else {
+                        binder = getRandomBinder(&provider);
+                    }
+                    CHECK(OK == parcel->writeStrongBinder(binder));
+                },
+        });
+        fillFunc();
+    }
+}
+
 template <class type>
 void invokeReadWriteNullParcel(type* obj) {
     Parcel* parcelNull = nullptr;
@@ -52,4 +135,24 @@
     delete parcel;
 }
 
+template <class type>
+void invokeNewReadWriteParcel(type* obj, FuzzedDataProvider& provider) {
+    Parcel* parcel = new Parcel();
+    obj->writeToParcel(parcel);
+    randomizeParcel(parcel, provider);
+    parcel->setDataPosition(0);
+    obj->readFromParcel(parcel);
+    delete parcel;
+}
+
+template <class type>
+void invokeNewReadWriteParcelsp(sp<type> obj, FuzzedDataProvider& provider) {
+    Parcel* parcel = new Parcel();
+    obj->writeToParcel(parcel);
+    randomizeParcel(parcel, provider);
+    parcel->setDataPosition(0);
+    obj->readFromParcel(parcel);
+    delete parcel;
+}
+
 #endif  // CAMERA2COMMON_H
diff --git a/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_Parameters_fuzzer.cpp b/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_Parameters_fuzzer.cpp
index 07efc20..8371905 100644
--- a/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_Parameters_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_Parameters_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -16,14 +16,19 @@
 
 #include <CameraParameters.h>
 #include <CameraParameters2.h>
+#include <camera/StringUtils.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
 #include <utils/String16.h>
 #include <camera/StringUtils.h>
 
+#include <functional>
+
 using namespace std;
 using namespace android;
 
+constexpr int8_t kMaxBytes = 20;
+
 string kValidFormats[] = {
         CameraParameters::PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV422SP,      CameraParameters::PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV420SP,
         CameraParameters::PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV422I,       CameraParameters::PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV420P,
@@ -34,26 +39,22 @@
 class CameraParametersFuzzer {
   public:
     void process(const uint8_t* data, size_t size);
-    ~CameraParametersFuzzer() {
-        delete mCameraParameters;
-        delete mCameraParameters2;
-    }
 
   private:
     void invokeCameraParameters();
     template <class type>
-    void initCameraParameters(type** obj);
+    void initCameraParameters(unique_ptr<type>& obj);
     template <class type>
-    void cameraParametersCommon(type* obj);
-    CameraParameters* mCameraParameters = nullptr;
-    CameraParameters2* mCameraParameters2 = nullptr;
+    void callCameraParametersAPIs(unique_ptr<type>& obj);
+    unique_ptr<CameraParameters> mCameraParameters;
+    unique_ptr<CameraParameters2> mCameraParameters2;
     FuzzedDataProvider* mFDP = nullptr;
 };
 
 template <class type>
-void CameraParametersFuzzer::initCameraParameters(type** obj) {
+void CameraParametersFuzzer::initCameraParameters(unique_ptr<type>& obj) {
     if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
-        *obj = new type();
+        obj = make_unique<type>();
     } else {
         string params;
         if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
@@ -61,94 +62,176 @@
             int32_t height = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
             int32_t minFps = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
             int32_t maxFps = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-            params = CameraParameters::KEY_SUPPORTED_VIDEO_SIZES;
+            params = mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes).c_str()
+                                         : CameraParameters::KEY_SUPPORTED_VIDEO_SIZES;
             params += '=' + to_string(width) + 'x' + to_string(height) + ';';
             if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
-                params += CameraParameters::KEY_PREVIEW_FPS_RANGE;
+                params += mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes).c_str()
+                                              : CameraParameters::KEY_PREVIEW_FPS_RANGE;
                 params += '=' + to_string(minFps) + ',' + to_string(maxFps) + ';';
             }
             if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
-                params += CameraParameters::KEY_SUPPORTED_PICTURE_SIZES;
+                params += mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes).c_str()
+                                              : CameraParameters::KEY_SUPPORTED_PICTURE_SIZES;
                 params += '=' + to_string(width) + 'x' + to_string(height) + ';';
             }
             if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
-                params += CameraParameters::KEY_SUPPORTED_PREVIEW_FORMATS;
-                params += '=' + mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidFormats) + ';';
+                params += mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes).c_str()
+                                              : CameraParameters::KEY_SUPPORTED_PREVIEW_FORMATS;
+                params += '=' +
+                          (mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes).c_str()
+                                               : mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidFormats)) + ';';
             }
         } else {
-            params = mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString();
+            params = mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
         }
-        *obj = new type(toString8(params));
+        obj = make_unique<type>(toString8(params));
     }
 }
 
 template <class type>
-void CameraParametersFuzzer::cameraParametersCommon(type* obj) {
-    Vector<Size> supportedPreviewSizes;
-    obj->getSupportedPreviewSizes(supportedPreviewSizes);
-    int32_t previewWidth = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-    int32_t previewHeight = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-    obj->setPreviewSize(previewWidth, previewHeight);
-    obj->getPreviewSize(&previewWidth, &previewHeight);
-
+void CameraParametersFuzzer::callCameraParametersAPIs(unique_ptr<type>& obj) {
     Vector<Size> supportedVideoSizes;
-    obj->getSupportedVideoSizes(supportedVideoSizes);
-    if (supportedVideoSizes.size() != 0) {
-        int32_t videoWidth, videoHeight, preferredVideoWidth, preferredVideoHeight;
-        if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
-            int32_t idx = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(0, supportedVideoSizes.size() - 1);
-            obj->setVideoSize(supportedVideoSizes[idx].width, supportedVideoSizes[idx].height);
-        } else {
-            videoWidth = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-            videoHeight = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-            obj->setVideoSize(videoWidth, videoHeight);
-        }
-        obj->getVideoSize(&videoWidth, &videoHeight);
-        obj->getPreferredPreviewSizeForVideo(&preferredVideoWidth, &preferredVideoHeight);
-    }
-
-    int32_t fps = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-    obj->setPreviewFrameRate(fps);
-    obj->getPreviewFrameRate();
-    string previewFormat = mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidFormats)
-                                               : mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString();
-    obj->setPreviewFormat(previewFormat.c_str());
-
-    int32_t pictureWidth = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-    int32_t pictureHeight = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-    Vector<Size> supportedPictureSizes;
-    obj->setPictureSize(pictureWidth, pictureHeight);
-    obj->getPictureSize(&pictureWidth, &pictureHeight);
-    obj->getSupportedPictureSizes(supportedPictureSizes);
-    string pictureFormat = mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidFormats)
-                                               : mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString();
-    obj->setPictureFormat(pictureFormat.c_str());
-    obj->getPictureFormat();
-
-    if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
-        obj->dump();
-    } else {
-        int32_t fd = open("/dev/null", O_CLOEXEC | O_RDWR | O_CREAT);
-        Vector<String16> args = {};
-        obj->dump(fd, args);
-        close(fd);
+    while (mFDP->remaining_bytes()) {
+        auto callCameraUtilsAPIs = mFDP->PickValueInArray<const std::function<void()>>({
+                [&]() {
+                    Vector<Size> supportedPreviewSizes;
+                    obj->getSupportedPreviewSizes(supportedPreviewSizes);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    int32_t previewWidth = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                    int32_t previewHeight = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                    obj->setPreviewSize(previewWidth, previewHeight);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    int32_t previewWidth, previewHeight;
+                    obj->getPreviewSize(&previewWidth, &previewHeight);
+                },
+                [&]() { obj->getSupportedVideoSizes(supportedVideoSizes); },
+                [&]() {
+                    int32_t videoWidth, videoHeight;
+                    if (supportedVideoSizes.size()) {
+                        int32_t idx = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(
+                                0, supportedVideoSizes.size() - 1);
+                        videoWidth = mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? supportedVideoSizes[idx].width
+                                                         : mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                        videoHeight = mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? supportedVideoSizes[idx].height
+                                                          : mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                        obj->setVideoSize(videoWidth, videoHeight);
+                    }
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    int32_t videoWidth, videoHeight;
+                    obj->getVideoSize(&videoWidth, &videoHeight);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    int32_t preferredVideoWidth, preferredVideoHeight;
+                    obj->getPreferredPreviewSizeForVideo(&preferredVideoWidth,
+                                                         &preferredVideoHeight);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    int32_t fps = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                    obj->setPreviewFrameRate(fps);
+                },
+                [&]() { obj->getPreviewFrameRate(); },
+                [&]() {
+                    string previewFormat = mFDP->ConsumeBool()
+                                                   ? mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidFormats)
+                                                   : mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+                    obj->setPreviewFormat(previewFormat.c_str());
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    int32_t pictureWidth = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                    int32_t pictureHeight = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                    obj->setPictureSize(pictureWidth, pictureHeight);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    int32_t pictureWidth, pictureHeight;
+                    obj->getPictureSize(&pictureWidth, &pictureHeight);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    Vector<Size> supportedPictureSizes;
+                    obj->getSupportedPictureSizes(supportedPictureSizes);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    string pictureFormat = mFDP->ConsumeBool()
+                                                   ? mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidFormats)
+                                                   : mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+                    obj->setPictureFormat(pictureFormat.c_str());
+                },
+                [&]() { obj->getPictureFormat(); },
+                [&]() {
+                    if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
+                        obj->dump();
+                    } else {
+                        int32_t fd = open("/dev/null", O_CLOEXEC | O_RDWR | O_CREAT);
+                        Vector<String16> args = {};
+                        obj->dump(fd, args);
+                        close(fd);
+                    }
+                },
+                [&]() { obj->flatten(); },
+                [&]() {
+                    string key = mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+                    float value = mFDP->ConsumeFloatingPoint<float>();
+                    obj->setFloat(key.c_str(), value);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    string key = mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+                    obj->getFloat(key.c_str());
+                },
+                [&]() { obj->getPreviewFormat(); },
+                [&]() {
+                    string key = mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+                    obj->remove(key.c_str());
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    if (std::is_same_v<type, CameraParameters>) {
+                        string format = mFDP->ConsumeBool()
+                                                ? mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes)
+                                                : mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidFormats);
+                        mCameraParameters->previewFormatToEnum(format.c_str());
+                    }
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    if (std::is_same_v<type, CameraParameters>) {
+                        mCameraParameters->isEmpty();
+                    }
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    if (std::is_same_v<type, CameraParameters>) {
+                        Vector<int32_t> formats;
+                        mCameraParameters->getSupportedPreviewFormats(formats);
+                    }
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    if (std::is_same_v<type, CameraParameters2>) {
+                        string key1 = mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+                        string key2 = mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+                        int32_t order;
+                        mCameraParameters2->compareSetOrder(key1.c_str(), key2.c_str(), &order);
+                    }
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    if (std::is_same_v<type, CameraParameters2>) {
+                        int32_t minFps = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                        int32_t maxFps = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                        mCameraParameters2->setPreviewFpsRange(minFps, maxFps);
+                    }
+                },
+        });
+        callCameraUtilsAPIs();
     }
 }
 
 void CameraParametersFuzzer::invokeCameraParameters() {
-    initCameraParameters<CameraParameters>(&mCameraParameters);
-    cameraParametersCommon<CameraParameters>(mCameraParameters);
-    initCameraParameters<CameraParameters2>(&mCameraParameters2);
-    cameraParametersCommon<CameraParameters2>(mCameraParameters2);
-
-    int32_t minFPS, maxFPS;
-    mCameraParameters->getPreviewFpsRange(&minFPS, &maxFPS);
-    string format = mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidFormats)
-                                        : mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString();
-    mCameraParameters->previewFormatToEnum(format.c_str());
-    mCameraParameters->isEmpty();
-    Vector<int32_t> formats;
-    mCameraParameters->getSupportedPreviewFormats(formats);
+    if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
+        initCameraParameters<CameraParameters>(mCameraParameters);
+        callCameraParametersAPIs(mCameraParameters);
+    } else {
+        initCameraParameters<CameraParameters2>(mCameraParameters2);
+        callCameraParametersAPIs(mCameraParameters2);
+    }
 }
 
 void CameraParametersFuzzer::process(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
diff --git a/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_c2CaptureRequest_fuzzer.cpp b/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_c2CaptureRequest_fuzzer.cpp
index 494ec1b..5ad9530 100644
--- a/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_c2CaptureRequest_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_c2CaptureRequest_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
     }
 
     for (size_t idx = 0; idx < physicalCameraSettingsSize; ++idx) {
-        string id = fdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString();
+        string id = fdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
         if (fdp.ConsumeBool()) {
             parcelCamCaptureReq.writeString16(toString16(id));
         }
@@ -120,7 +120,11 @@
         }
     }
 
-    invokeReadWriteParcelsp<CaptureRequest>(captureRequest);
+    if (fdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+        invokeReadWriteParcelsp<CaptureRequest>(captureRequest);
+    } else {
+        invokeNewReadWriteParcelsp<CaptureRequest>(captureRequest, fdp);
+    }
     invokeReadWriteNullParcelsp<CaptureRequest>(captureRequest);
     parcelCamCaptureReq.setDataPosition(0);
     captureRequest->readFromParcel(&parcelCamCaptureReq);
diff --git a/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_c2OutputConfiguration_fuzzer.cpp b/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_c2OutputConfiguration_fuzzer.cpp
index 2fe9a94..7046075 100644
--- a/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_c2OutputConfiguration_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_c2OutputConfiguration_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -26,85 +26,122 @@
 using namespace android;
 using namespace android::hardware::camera2::params;
 
+constexpr int8_t kMaxLoopIterations = 100;
 constexpr int32_t kSizeMin = 0;
 constexpr int32_t kSizeMax = 1000;
 
-extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
-    FuzzedDataProvider fdp = FuzzedDataProvider(data, size);
+class C2OutputConfigurationFuzzer {
+  public:
+    void process(const uint8_t* data, size_t size);
 
-    OutputConfiguration* outputConfiguration = nullptr;
+  private:
+    void invokeC2OutputConfigFuzzer();
+    unique_ptr<OutputConfiguration> getC2OutputConfig();
+    sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> createIGraphicBufferProducer();
+    FuzzedDataProvider* mFDP = nullptr;
+};
 
-    if (fdp.ConsumeBool()) {
-        outputConfiguration = new OutputConfiguration();
+sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> C2OutputConfigurationFuzzer::createIGraphicBufferProducer() {
+    sp<SurfaceComposerClient> composerClient = new SurfaceComposerClient;
+    sp<SurfaceControl> surfaceControl = composerClient->createSurface(
+            static_cast<String8>(mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes).c_str()) /* name */,
+            mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>() /* width */,
+            mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>() /* height */,
+            mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* format */,
+            mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* flags */);
+    if (surfaceControl) {
+        sp<Surface> surface = surfaceControl->getSurface();
+        return surface->getIGraphicBufferProducer();
     } else {
-        int32_t rotation = fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-        string physicalCameraId = fdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString();
-        int32_t surfaceSetID = fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-        bool isShared = fdp.ConsumeBool();
-
-        if (fdp.ConsumeBool()) {
-            sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> iGBP = nullptr;
-            sp<SurfaceComposerClient> composerClient = new SurfaceComposerClient;
-            sp<SurfaceControl> surfaceControl = composerClient->createSurface(
-                    static_cast<String8>(fdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString().c_str()) /* name */,
-                    fdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>() /* width */,
-                    fdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>() /* height */,
-                    fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* format */,
-                    fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* flags */);
-            if (surfaceControl) {
-                sp<Surface> surface = surfaceControl->getSurface();
-                iGBP = surface->getIGraphicBufferProducer();
-            }
-            outputConfiguration = new OutputConfiguration(iGBP, rotation, physicalCameraId,
-                                                          surfaceSetID, isShared);
-            iGBP.clear();
-            composerClient.clear();
-            surfaceControl.clear();
-        } else {
-            size_t iGBPSize = fdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kSizeMin, kSizeMax);
-            vector<sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>> iGBPs;
-            for (size_t idx = 0; idx < iGBPSize; ++idx) {
-                sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> iGBP = nullptr;
-                sp<SurfaceComposerClient> composerClient = new SurfaceComposerClient;
-                sp<SurfaceControl> surfaceControl = composerClient->createSurface(
-                        static_cast<String8>(fdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString().c_str()) /* name */,
-                        fdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>() /* width */,
-                        fdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>() /* height */,
-                        fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* format */,
-                        fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* flags */);
-                if (surfaceControl) {
-                    sp<Surface> surface = surfaceControl->getSurface();
-                    iGBP = surface->getIGraphicBufferProducer();
-                    iGBPs.push_back(iGBP);
-                }
-                iGBP.clear();
-                composerClient.clear();
-                surfaceControl.clear();
-            }
-            outputConfiguration = new OutputConfiguration(iGBPs, rotation, physicalCameraId,
-                                                          surfaceSetID, isShared);
-        }
+        sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> gbp;
+        return gbp;
     }
+}
 
-    outputConfiguration->getRotation();
-    outputConfiguration->getSurfaceSetID();
-    outputConfiguration->getSurfaceType();
-    outputConfiguration->getWidth();
-    outputConfiguration->getHeight();
-    outputConfiguration->isDeferred();
-    outputConfiguration->isShared();
-    outputConfiguration->getPhysicalCameraId();
+unique_ptr<OutputConfiguration> C2OutputConfigurationFuzzer::getC2OutputConfig() {
+    unique_ptr<OutputConfiguration> outputConfiguration = nullptr;
+    auto selectOutputConfigurationConstructor =
+            mFDP->PickValueInArray<const std::function<void()>>({
+                    [&]() { outputConfiguration = make_unique<OutputConfiguration>(); },
 
-    OutputConfiguration outputConfiguration2;
-    outputConfiguration->gbpsEqual(outputConfiguration2);
-    outputConfiguration->sensorPixelModesUsedEqual(outputConfiguration2);
-    outputConfiguration->gbpsLessThan(outputConfiguration2);
-    outputConfiguration->sensorPixelModesUsedLessThan(outputConfiguration2);
-    outputConfiguration->getGraphicBufferProducers();
-    sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> gbp;
-    outputConfiguration->addGraphicProducer(gbp);
-    invokeReadWriteNullParcel<OutputConfiguration>(outputConfiguration);
-    invokeReadWriteParcel<OutputConfiguration>(outputConfiguration);
-    delete outputConfiguration;
+                    [&]() {
+                        int32_t rotation = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                        string physicalCameraId = mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+                        int32_t surfaceSetID = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                        bool isShared = mFDP->ConsumeBool();
+                        sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> iGBP = createIGraphicBufferProducer();
+                        outputConfiguration = make_unique<OutputConfiguration>(
+                                iGBP, rotation, physicalCameraId, surfaceSetID, isShared);
+                    },
+
+                    [&]() {
+                        int32_t rotation = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                        string physicalCameraId = mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+                        int32_t surfaceSetID = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                        bool isShared = mFDP->ConsumeBool();
+                        size_t iGBPSize = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kSizeMin, kSizeMax);
+                        vector<sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>> iGBPs;
+                        for (size_t idx = 0; idx < iGBPSize; ++idx) {
+                            sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> iGBP = createIGraphicBufferProducer();
+                            iGBPs.push_back(iGBP);
+                        }
+                        outputConfiguration = make_unique<OutputConfiguration>(
+                                iGBPs, rotation, physicalCameraId, surfaceSetID, isShared);
+                    },
+            });
+    selectOutputConfigurationConstructor();
+    return outputConfiguration;
+}
+
+void C2OutputConfigurationFuzzer::invokeC2OutputConfigFuzzer() {
+    unique_ptr<OutputConfiguration> outputConfiguration = getC2OutputConfig();
+    int8_t count = kMaxLoopIterations;
+    while (--count > 0) {
+    unique_ptr<OutputConfiguration> outputConfiguration2 = getC2OutputConfig();
+        auto callC2OutputConfAPIs = mFDP->PickValueInArray<const std::function<void()>>({
+                [&]() { outputConfiguration->getRotation(); },
+                [&]() { outputConfiguration->getSurfaceSetID(); },
+                [&]() { outputConfiguration->getSurfaceType(); },
+                [&]() { outputConfiguration->getWidth(); },
+                [&]() { outputConfiguration->getHeight(); },
+                [&]() { outputConfiguration->isDeferred(); },
+                [&]() { outputConfiguration->isShared(); },
+                [&]() { outputConfiguration->getPhysicalCameraId(); },
+                [&]() { outputConfiguration->gbpsEqual(*outputConfiguration2); },
+                [&]() { outputConfiguration->sensorPixelModesUsedEqual(*outputConfiguration2); },
+                [&]() { outputConfiguration->gbpsLessThan(*outputConfiguration2); },
+                [&]() { outputConfiguration->sensorPixelModesUsedLessThan(*outputConfiguration2); },
+                [&]() { outputConfiguration->getGraphicBufferProducers(); },
+                [&]() {
+                    sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> gbp = createIGraphicBufferProducer();
+                    outputConfiguration->addGraphicProducer(gbp);
+                },
+                [&]() { outputConfiguration->isMultiResolution(); },
+                [&]() { outputConfiguration->getColorSpace(); },
+                [&]() { outputConfiguration->getStreamUseCase(); },
+                [&]() { outputConfiguration->getTimestampBase(); },
+                [&]() { outputConfiguration->getMirrorMode(); },
+                [&]() { outputConfiguration->useReadoutTimestamp(); },
+        });
+        callC2OutputConfAPIs();
+    }
+    // Not keeping invokeReadWrite() APIs in while loop to avoid possible OOM.
+    invokeReadWriteNullParcel<OutputConfiguration>(outputConfiguration.get());
+    if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
+        invokeReadWriteParcel<OutputConfiguration>(outputConfiguration.get());
+    } else {
+        invokeNewReadWriteParcel<OutputConfiguration>(outputConfiguration.get(), *mFDP);
+    }
+}
+
+void C2OutputConfigurationFuzzer::process(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    mFDP = new FuzzedDataProvider(data, size);
+    invokeC2OutputConfigFuzzer();
+    delete mFDP;
+}
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    C2OutputConfigurationFuzzer c2OutputConfigurationFuzzer;
+    c2OutputConfigurationFuzzer.process(data, size);
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_c2SubmitInfo_fuzzer.cpp b/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_c2SubmitInfo_fuzzer.cpp
index dc40b0f..c588f11 100644
--- a/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_c2SubmitInfo_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_c2SubmitInfo_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,10 @@
     SubmitInfo submitInfo;
     submitInfo.mRequestId = fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
     submitInfo.mLastFrameNumber = fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int64_t>();
-    invokeReadWriteParcel<SubmitInfo>(&submitInfo);
+    if (fdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+        invokeReadWriteParcel<SubmitInfo>(&submitInfo);
+    } else {
+        invokeNewReadWriteParcel<SubmitInfo>(&submitInfo, fdp);
+    }
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_fuzzer.cpp b/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_fuzzer.cpp
index d09a6dd..c2a7549 100644
--- a/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -15,36 +15,24 @@
  */
 
 #include <Camera.h>
-#include <CameraBase.h>
-#include <CameraMetadata.h>
 #include <CameraParameters.h>
-#include <CameraUtils.h>
-#include <VendorTagDescriptor.h>
-#include <binder/IMemory.h>
 #include <binder/MemoryDealer.h>
 #include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
-#include <gui/IGraphicBufferProducer.h>
 #include <gui/Surface.h>
 #include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
-#include <utils/Log.h>
 #include "camera2common.h"
-#include <android/hardware/ICameraService.h>
 
 using namespace std;
 using namespace android;
 using namespace android::hardware;
 
 constexpr int32_t kFrameRateMin = 1;
-constexpr int32_t kFrameRateMax = 120;
-constexpr int32_t kCamIdMin = 0;
-constexpr int32_t kCamIdMax = 1;
+constexpr int32_t kFrameRateMax = 1000;
 constexpr int32_t kNumMin = 0;
 constexpr int32_t kNumMax = 1024;
 constexpr int32_t kMemoryDealerSize = 1000;
-constexpr int32_t kRangeMin = 0;
-constexpr int32_t kRangeMax = 1000;
-constexpr int32_t kSizeMin = 0;
-constexpr int32_t kSizeMax = 1000;
+constexpr int8_t kMinElements = 1;
+constexpr int8_t kMaxElements = 10;
 
 constexpr int32_t kValidCMD[] = {CAMERA_CMD_START_SMOOTH_ZOOM,
                                  CAMERA_CMD_STOP_SMOOTH_ZOOM,
@@ -68,11 +56,6 @@
         CAMERA_FRAME_CALLBACK_FLAG_CAMCORDER,      CAMERA_FRAME_CALLBACK_FLAG_CAMERA,
         CAMERA_FRAME_CALLBACK_FLAG_BARCODE_SCANNER};
 
-constexpr int32_t kValidFacing[] = {android::hardware::CAMERA_FACING_BACK,
-                                    android::hardware::CAMERA_FACING_FRONT};
-
-constexpr int32_t kValidOrientation[] = {0, 90, 180, 270};
-
 class TestCameraListener : public CameraListener {
   public:
     virtual ~TestCameraListener() = default;
@@ -100,36 +83,12 @@
 class CameraFuzzer : public ::android::hardware::BnCameraClient {
   public:
     void process(const uint8_t* data, size_t size);
-    ~CameraFuzzer() {
-        delete mCameraMetadata;
-        mComposerClient.clear();
-        mSurfaceControl.clear();
-        mSurface.clear();
-        mCamera.clear();
-        mMemoryDealer.clear();
-        mIMem.clear();
-        mCameraListener.clear();
-        mCameraService.clear();
-    }
 
   private:
     bool initCamera();
-    void initCameraMetadata();
     void invokeCamera();
-    void invokeCameraUtils();
-    void invokeCameraBase();
-    void invokeCameraMetadata();
     void invokeSetParameters();
     sp<Camera> mCamera = nullptr;
-    CameraMetadata* mCameraMetadata = nullptr;
-    sp<SurfaceComposerClient> mComposerClient = nullptr;
-    sp<SurfaceControl> mSurfaceControl = nullptr;
-    sp<Surface> mSurface = nullptr;
-    sp<MemoryDealer> mMemoryDealer = nullptr;
-    sp<IMemory> mIMem = nullptr;
-    sp<TestCameraListener> mCameraListener = nullptr;
-    sp<ICameraService> mCameraService = nullptr;
-    sp<ICamera> cameraDevice = nullptr;
     FuzzedDataProvider* mFDP = nullptr;
 
     // CameraClient interface
@@ -147,12 +106,26 @@
     ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
     sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
     sp<IBinder> binder = sm->getService(String16("media.camera"));
-    mCameraService = interface_cast<ICameraService>(binder);
-    mCameraService->connect(this, mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* cameraId */,
-                            "CAMERAFUZZ", hardware::ICameraService::USE_CALLING_UID,
-                            hardware::ICameraService::USE_CALLING_PID,
-                            /*targetSdkVersion*/ __ANDROID_API_FUTURE__,
-                            /*overrideToPortrait*/false, /*forceSlowJpegMode*/false, &cameraDevice);
+    sp<ICameraService> cameraService = nullptr;
+    cameraService = interface_cast<ICameraService>(binder);
+    sp<ICamera> cameraDevice = nullptr;
+    if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
+        cameraService->connect(this, mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* cameraId */, "CAMERAFUZZ",
+                               hardware::ICameraService::USE_CALLING_UID,
+                               hardware::ICameraService::USE_CALLING_PID,
+                               /*targetSdkVersion*/ __ANDROID_API_FUTURE__,
+                               /*overrideToPortrait*/ false, /*forceSlowJpegMode*/ false,
+                               &cameraDevice);
+    } else {
+        cameraService->connect(this, mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* cameraId */,
+                               mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes).c_str(),
+                               mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int8_t>() /* clientUid */,
+                               mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int8_t>() /* clientPid */,
+                               /*targetSdkVersion*/ mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>(),
+                               /*overrideToPortrait*/ mFDP->ConsumeBool(),
+                               /*forceSlowJpegMode*/ mFDP->ConsumeBool(), &cameraDevice);
+    }
+
     mCamera = Camera::create(cameraDevice);
     if (!mCamera) {
         return false;
@@ -176,221 +149,195 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    int32_t cameraId = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kCamIdMin, kCamIdMax);
+    int32_t cameraId = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
     Camera::getNumberOfCameras();
     CameraInfo cameraInfo;
     cameraInfo.facing = mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidFacing)
-                                            : mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int>();
+                                            : mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
     cameraInfo.orientation = mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidOrientation)
-                                                 : mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int>();
+                                                 : mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
     Camera::getCameraInfo(cameraId, /*overrideToPortrait*/false, &cameraInfo);
     mCamera->reconnect();
 
-    mComposerClient = new SurfaceComposerClient;
-    mSurfaceControl = mComposerClient->createSurface(
-            static_cast<String8>(mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString().c_str()) /* name */,
-            mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>() /* width */,
-            mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>() /* height */,
-            mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* format */,
-            mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* flags */);
-    if (mSurfaceControl) {
-        mSurface = mSurfaceControl->getSurface();
-        mCamera->setPreviewTarget(mSurface->getIGraphicBufferProducer());
-        mCamera->startPreview();
-        mCamera->stopPreview();
-        mCamera->previewEnabled();
-        mCamera->startRecording();
-        mCamera->stopRecording();
-    }
-
-    mCamera->lock();
-    mCamera->unlock();
-    mCamera->autoFocus();
-    mCamera->cancelAutoFocus();
-
-    int32_t msgType = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-    mCamera->takePicture(msgType);
-    invokeSetParameters();
-    int32_t cmd;
+    sp<SurfaceComposerClient> composerClient = new SurfaceComposerClient;
+    sp<SurfaceControl> surfaceControl = nullptr;
     if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
-        cmd = mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidCMD);
+        surfaceControl = composerClient->createSurface(String8("FUZZSURFACE"), 1280, 800,
+                                                       HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YV12);
     } else {
-        cmd = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+        surfaceControl = composerClient->createSurface(
+                static_cast<String8>(mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes).c_str()) /* name */,
+                mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>() /* width */,
+                mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>() /* height */,
+                mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* format */,
+                mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* flags */);
     }
-    int32_t arg1 = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-    int32_t arg2 = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-    mCamera->sendCommand(cmd, arg1, arg2);
-
-    int32_t videoBufferMode = mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidVideoBufferMode);
-    mCamera->setVideoBufferMode(videoBufferMode);
-    if (mSurfaceControl) {
-        mSurface = mSurfaceControl->getSurface();
-        mCamera->setVideoTarget(mSurface->getIGraphicBufferProducer());
-    }
-    mCameraListener = sp<TestCameraListener>::make();
-    mCamera->setListener(mCameraListener);
-    int32_t previewCallbackFlag;
-    if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
-        previewCallbackFlag = mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidPreviewCallbackFlag);
-    } else {
-        previewCallbackFlag = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-    }
-    mCamera->setPreviewCallbackFlags(previewCallbackFlag);
-    if (mSurfaceControl) {
-        mSurface = mSurfaceControl->getSurface();
-        mCamera->setPreviewCallbackTarget(mSurface->getIGraphicBufferProducer());
-    }
-
-    mCamera->getRecordingProxy();
-    int32_t mode = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-    mCamera->setAudioRestriction(mode);
-    mCamera->getGlobalAudioRestriction();
-    mCamera->recordingEnabled();
-
-    mMemoryDealer = new MemoryDealer(kMemoryDealerSize);
-    mIMem = mMemoryDealer->allocate(kMemoryDealerSize);
-    mCamera->releaseRecordingFrame(mIMem);
-
-    int32_t numFds = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kNumMin, kNumMax);
-    int32_t numInts = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kNumMin, kNumMax);
-    native_handle_t* handle = native_handle_create(numFds, numInts);
-    mCamera->releaseRecordingFrameHandle(handle);
-
-    int32_t msgTypeNC = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-    int32_t ext = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-    int32_t ext2 = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-    mCamera->notifyCallback(msgTypeNC, ext, ext2);
-
-    int64_t timestamp = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int64_t>();
-    mCamera->dataCallbackTimestamp(timestamp, msgTypeNC, mIMem);
-    mCamera->recordingFrameHandleCallbackTimestamp(timestamp, handle);
-}
-
-void CameraFuzzer::invokeCameraUtils() {
-    CameraMetadata staticMetadata;
-    int32_t orientVal = mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidOrientation)
-                                            : mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-    uint8_t facingVal = mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidFacing)
-                                            : mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint8_t>();
-    staticMetadata.update(ANDROID_SENSOR_ORIENTATION, &orientVal, 1);
-    staticMetadata.update(ANDROID_LENS_FACING, &facingVal, 1);
-    int32_t transform = 0;
-    CameraUtils::getRotationTransform(
-            staticMetadata, mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* mirrorMode */, &transform /*out*/);
-    CameraUtils::isCameraServiceDisabled();
-}
-
-void CameraFuzzer::invokeCameraBase() {
-    CameraInfo cameraInfo;
-    cameraInfo.facing = mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidFacing)
-                                            : mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int>();
-    cameraInfo.orientation = mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidOrientation)
-                                                 : mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int>();
-    invokeReadWriteParcel<CameraInfo>(&cameraInfo);
-
-    CameraStatus* cameraStatus = nullptr;
 
     if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
-        cameraStatus = new CameraStatus();
-    } else {
-        string cid = mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString();
-        int32_t status = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-        size_t unavailSubIdsSize = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kSizeMin, kSizeMax);
-        vector<std::string> unavailSubIds;
-        for (size_t idx = 0; idx < unavailSubIdsSize; ++idx) {
-            string subId = mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString();
-            unavailSubIds.push_back(subId);
-        }
-        string clientPackage = mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString();
-        cameraStatus = new CameraStatus(cid, status, unavailSubIds, clientPackage);
+        invokeSetParameters();
     }
-
-    invokeReadWriteParcel<CameraStatus>(cameraStatus);
-    delete cameraStatus;
-}
-
-void CameraFuzzer::initCameraMetadata() {
-    if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
-        mCameraMetadata = new CameraMetadata();
-    } else {
-        size_t entryCapacity = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kSizeMin, kSizeMax);
-        size_t dataCapacity = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kSizeMin, kSizeMax);
-        mCameraMetadata = new CameraMetadata(entryCapacity, dataCapacity);
+    sp<Surface> surface = nullptr;
+    if (surfaceControl) {
+        surface = surfaceControl->getSurface();
     }
-}
+    sp<MemoryDealer> memoryDealer = nullptr;
+    sp<IMemory> iMem = nullptr;
+    sp<CameraListener> cameraListener = nullptr;
 
-void CameraFuzzer::invokeCameraMetadata() {
-    initCameraMetadata();
-
-    const camera_metadata_t* metadataBuffer = nullptr;
-    if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
-        metadataBuffer = mCameraMetadata->getAndLock();
+    while (mFDP->remaining_bytes()) {
+        auto callCameraAPIs = mFDP->PickValueInArray<const std::function<void()>>({
+                [&]() {
+                    if (surfaceControl) {
+                        mCamera->setPreviewTarget(surface->getIGraphicBufferProducer());
+                    }
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    if (surfaceControl) {
+                        mCamera->startPreview();
+                    }
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    if (surfaceControl) {
+                        mCamera->stopPreview();
+                    }
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    if (surfaceControl) {
+                        mCamera->stopPreview();
+                    }
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    if (surfaceControl) {
+                        mCamera->previewEnabled();
+                    }
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    if (surfaceControl) {
+                        mCamera->startRecording();
+                    }
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    if (surfaceControl) {
+                        mCamera->stopRecording();
+                    }
+                },
+                [&]() { mCamera->lock(); },
+                [&]() { mCamera->unlock(); },
+                [&]() { mCamera->autoFocus(); },
+                [&]() { mCamera->cancelAutoFocus(); },
+                [&]() {
+                    int32_t msgType = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                    mCamera->takePicture(msgType);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    int32_t cmd;
+                    cmd = mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidCMD)
+                                              : mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                    int32_t arg1 = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                    int32_t arg2 = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                    mCamera->sendCommand(cmd, arg1, arg2);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    int32_t videoBufferMode =
+                            mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidVideoBufferMode)
+                                                : mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                    mCamera->setVideoBufferMode(videoBufferMode);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    if (surfaceControl) {
+                        mCamera->setVideoTarget(surface->getIGraphicBufferProducer());
+                    }
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    cameraListener = sp<TestCameraListener>::make();
+                    mCamera->setListener(cameraListener);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    int32_t previewCallbackFlag;
+                    previewCallbackFlag =
+                            mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidPreviewCallbackFlag)
+                                                : mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                    mCamera->setPreviewCallbackFlags(previewCallbackFlag);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    if (surfaceControl) {
+                        mCamera->setPreviewCallbackTarget(surface->getIGraphicBufferProducer());
+                    }
+                },
+                [&]() { mCamera->getRecordingProxy(); },
+                [&]() {
+                    int32_t mode = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                    mCamera->setAudioRestriction(mode);
+                },
+                [&]() { mCamera->getGlobalAudioRestriction(); },
+                [&]() { mCamera->recordingEnabled(); },
+                [&]() {
+                    memoryDealer = new MemoryDealer(kMemoryDealerSize);
+                    iMem = memoryDealer->allocate(kMemoryDealerSize);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    int32_t msgTypeNC = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                    int32_t ext = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                    int32_t ext2 = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                    mCamera->notifyCallback(msgTypeNC, ext, ext2);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    int32_t msgTypeNC = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                    int64_t timestamp = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int64_t>();
+                    mCamera->dataCallbackTimestamp(timestamp, msgTypeNC, iMem);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    int64_t timestamp = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int64_t>();
+                    int32_t numFds = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kNumMin, kNumMax);
+                    int32_t numInts = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kNumMin, kNumMax);
+                    native_handle_t* handle = native_handle_create(numFds, numInts);
+                    mCamera->recordingFrameHandleCallbackTimestamp(timestamp, handle);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    int32_t numFds = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kNumMin, kNumMax);
+                    int32_t numInts = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kNumMin, kNumMax);
+                    native_handle_t* handle = native_handle_create(numFds, numInts);
+                    mCamera->releaseRecordingFrameHandle(handle);
+                },
+                [&]() { mCamera->releaseRecordingFrame(iMem); },
+                [&]() {
+                    std::vector<native_handle_t*> handles;
+                    for (int8_t i = 0;
+                         i < mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int8_t>(kMinElements, kMaxElements);
+                         ++i) {
+                        int32_t numFds = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kNumMin, kNumMax);
+                        int32_t numInts = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kNumMin, kNumMax);
+                        native_handle_t* handle = native_handle_create(numFds, numInts);
+                        handles.push_back(handle);
+                    }
+                    mCamera->releaseRecordingFrameHandleBatch(handles);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    std::vector<native_handle_t*> handles;
+                    for (int8_t i = 0;
+                         i < mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int8_t>(kMinElements, kMaxElements);
+                         ++i) {
+                        int32_t numFds = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kNumMin, kNumMax);
+                        int32_t numInts = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kNumMin, kNumMax);
+                        native_handle_t* handle = native_handle_create(numFds, numInts);
+                        handles.push_back(handle);
+                    }
+                    std::vector<nsecs_t> timestamps;
+                    for (int8_t i = 0;
+                         i < mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int8_t>(kMinElements, kMaxElements);
+                         ++i) {
+                        timestamps.push_back(mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int64_t>());
+                    }
+                    mCamera->recordingFrameHandleCallbackTimestampBatch(timestamps, handles);
+                },
+        });
+        callCameraAPIs();
     }
-
-    mCameraMetadata->entryCount();
-    mCameraMetadata->isEmpty();
-    mCameraMetadata->bufferSize();
-    mCameraMetadata->sort();
-
-    uint32_t tag = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
-    uint8_t dataUint8 = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint8_t>();
-    int32_t dataInt32 = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-    int64_t dataInt64 = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int64_t>();
-    float dataFloat = mFDP->ConsumeFloatingPoint<float>();
-    double dataDouble = mFDP->ConsumeFloatingPoint<double>();
-    camera_metadata_rational dataRational;
-    dataRational.numerator = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-    dataRational.denominator = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-    string dataStr = mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString();
-    String8 dataString(dataStr.c_str());
-    size_t data_count = 1;
-    mCameraMetadata->update(tag, &dataUint8, data_count);
-    mCameraMetadata->update(tag, &dataInt32, data_count);
-    mCameraMetadata->update(tag, &dataFloat, data_count);
-    mCameraMetadata->update(tag, &dataInt64, data_count);
-    mCameraMetadata->update(tag, &dataRational, data_count);
-    mCameraMetadata->update(tag, &dataDouble, data_count);
-    mCameraMetadata->update(tag, dataString);
-
-    uint32_t tagExists = mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? tag : mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
-    mCameraMetadata->exists(tagExists);
-
-    uint32_t tagFind = mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? tag : mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
-    mCameraMetadata->find(tagFind);
-
-    uint32_t tagErase = mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? tag : mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
-    mCameraMetadata->erase(tagErase);
-
-    mCameraMetadata->unlock(metadataBuffer);
-    std::vector<int32_t> tagsRemoved;
-    uint64_t vendorId = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint64_t>();
-    mCameraMetadata->removePermissionEntries(vendorId, &tagsRemoved);
-
-    string name = mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString();
-    VendorTagDescriptor vTags;
-    uint32_t tagName = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
-    mCameraMetadata->getTagFromName(name.c_str(), &vTags, &tagName);
-
-    invokeReadWriteNullParcel<CameraMetadata>(mCameraMetadata);
-    invokeReadWriteParcel<CameraMetadata>(mCameraMetadata);
-
-    int32_t fd = open("/dev/null", O_CLOEXEC | O_RDWR | O_CREAT);
-    int32_t verbosity = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kRangeMin, kRangeMax);
-    int32_t indentation = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kRangeMin, kRangeMax);
-    mCameraMetadata->dump(fd, verbosity, indentation);
-
-    CameraMetadata metadataCopy(mCameraMetadata->release());
-    CameraMetadata otherCameraMetadata;
-    mCameraMetadata->swap(otherCameraMetadata);
-    close(fd);
 }
 
 void CameraFuzzer::process(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
     mFDP = new FuzzedDataProvider(data, size);
     invokeCamera();
-    invokeCameraUtils();
-    invokeCameraBase();
-    invokeCameraMetadata();
     delete mFDP;
 }
 
diff --git a/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_metadata_fuzzer.cpp b/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_metadata_fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a609e19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_metadata_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <CameraBase.h>
+#include "camera2common.h"
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace android;
+using namespace android::hardware;
+
+constexpr int32_t kSizeMin = 0;
+constexpr int32_t kSizeMax = 1000;
+constexpr int32_t kMinMetadataCapacity = 0;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxMetadataCapacity = 1000;
+constexpr int32_t kRangeMin = 0;
+constexpr int32_t kRangeMax = 1000;
+
+class CameraMetadataFuzzer {
+  public:
+    void process(const uint8_t* data, size_t size);
+
+  private:
+    void initCameraMetadata();
+    void invokeCameraMetadata();
+    CameraMetadata* mCameraMetadata = nullptr;
+    FuzzedDataProvider* mFDP = nullptr;
+    camera_metadata* mMetaBuffer = nullptr;
+    bool mMetadataLocked = false;
+    template <typename T>
+    void callCameraMetadataUpdate(size_t dataCount, T data) {
+        uint32_t tag = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
+        mCameraMetadata->update(tag, &data, dataCount);
+    }
+};
+
+void CameraMetadataFuzzer::initCameraMetadata() {
+    auto selectMetadataConstructor = mFDP->PickValueInArray<const std::function<void()>>({
+            [&]() {
+                mMetaBuffer = allocate_camera_metadata(
+                        mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(
+                                kMinMetadataCapacity, kMaxMetadataCapacity) /* entry_capacity */,
+                        mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(
+                                kMinMetadataCapacity, kMaxMetadataCapacity) /* data_capacity */);
+                mCameraMetadata = new CameraMetadata(mMetaBuffer);
+            },
+            [&]() {
+                mCameraMetadata = new CameraMetadata();
+            },
+            [&]() {
+                size_t entryCapacity = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kSizeMin, kSizeMax);
+                size_t dataCapacity = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kSizeMin, kSizeMax);
+                mCameraMetadata = new CameraMetadata(entryCapacity, dataCapacity);
+            },
+    });
+    selectMetadataConstructor();
+}
+void CameraMetadataFuzzer::invokeCameraMetadata() {
+    initCameraMetadata();
+
+    const camera_metadata_t* metadataBuffer = nullptr;
+    mMetadataLocked = mFDP->ConsumeBool();
+    if (mMetadataLocked) {
+        metadataBuffer = mCameraMetadata->getAndLock();
+    }
+
+    size_t dataCount = 1;
+    while (mFDP->remaining_bytes()) {
+        auto callMetadataAPIs = mFDP->PickValueInArray<const std::function<void()>>({
+
+                [&]() { mCameraMetadata->entryCount(); },
+                [&]() { mCameraMetadata->isEmpty(); },
+                [&]() { mCameraMetadata->bufferSize(); },
+                [&]() { mCameraMetadata->sort(); },
+                [&]() {
+                    uint8_t dataUint8 = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint8_t>();
+                    callCameraMetadataUpdate(dataCount, dataUint8);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    int32_t dataInt32 = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                    callCameraMetadataUpdate(dataCount, dataInt32);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    int64_t dataInt64 = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int64_t>();
+                    callCameraMetadataUpdate(dataCount, dataInt64);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    float dataFloat = mFDP->ConsumeFloatingPoint<float>();
+                    callCameraMetadataUpdate(dataCount, dataFloat);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    double dataDouble = mFDP->ConsumeFloatingPoint<double>();
+                    callCameraMetadataUpdate(dataCount, dataDouble);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    camera_metadata_rational dataRational;
+                    dataRational.numerator = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                    dataRational.denominator = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                    callCameraMetadataUpdate(dataCount, dataRational);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    uint32_t tag = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
+                    string dataStr = mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+                    String8 dataString(dataStr.c_str());
+                    mCameraMetadata->update(tag, dataString);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    uint32_t tag = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
+                    uint32_t tagExists =
+                            mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? tag : mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
+                    mCameraMetadata->exists(tagExists);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    uint32_t tag = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
+                    uint32_t tagFind =
+                            mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? tag : mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
+                    mCameraMetadata->find(tagFind);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    uint32_t tag = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
+                    uint32_t tagErase =
+                            mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? tag : mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
+                    mCameraMetadata->erase(tagErase);
+                },
+                [&]() { mCameraMetadata->unlock(metadataBuffer); },
+                [&]() {
+                    std::vector<int32_t> tagsRemoved;
+                    uint64_t vendorId = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint64_t>();
+                    mCameraMetadata->removePermissionEntries(vendorId, &tagsRemoved);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    string name = mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+                    VendorTagDescriptor vTags;
+                    uint32_t tagName = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
+                    mCameraMetadata->getTagFromName(name.c_str(), &vTags, &tagName);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    int32_t fd = open("/dev/null", O_CLOEXEC | O_RDWR | O_CREAT);
+                    int32_t verbosity = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kRangeMin, kRangeMax);
+                    int32_t indentation =
+                            mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kRangeMin, kRangeMax);
+                    mCameraMetadata->dump(fd, verbosity, indentation);
+                    close(fd);
+                },
+                [&]() { CameraMetadata metadataCopy(mCameraMetadata->release()); },
+                [&]() {
+                    if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
+                        CameraMetadata otherCameraMetadata;
+                        mCameraMetadata->swap(otherCameraMetadata);
+                    } else {
+                        std::vector<int8_t> entryCapacityVector =
+                                mFDP->ConsumeBytes<int8_t>(kMaxBytes);
+                        /**
+                         * Resizing vector to a size between 1 to 1000 so that vector is not empty.
+                         */
+                        entryCapacityVector.resize(0, mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(
+                                                              kMinCapacity, kMaxCapacity));
+                        CameraMetadata otherCameraMetadata(entryCapacityVector.size());
+                        mCameraMetadata->swap(otherCameraMetadata);
+                    }
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    if (!mMetadataLocked) {
+                        camera_metadata* metaBuffer = allocate_camera_metadata(
+                                mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(
+                                        kMinMetadataCapacity,
+                                        kMaxMetadataCapacity) /* entry_capacity */,
+                                mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(
+                                        kMinMetadataCapacity,
+                                        kMaxMetadataCapacity) /* data_capacity */);
+                        mCameraMetadata->acquire(metaBuffer);
+                    }
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    if (!mMetadataLocked) {
+                        camera_metadata* metaBuffer = allocate_camera_metadata(
+                                mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(
+                                        kMinMetadataCapacity,
+                                        kMaxMetadataCapacity) /* entry_capacity */,
+                                mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(
+                                        kMinMetadataCapacity,
+                                        kMaxMetadataCapacity) /* data_capacity */);
+                        mCameraMetadata->append(metaBuffer);
+                        free_camera_metadata(metaBuffer);
+                    }
+                },
+        });
+        callMetadataAPIs();
+
+        // Not keeping invokeReadWrite() APIs in while loop to avoid possible OOM.
+        invokeReadWriteNullParcel<CameraMetadata>(mCameraMetadata);
+        if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
+            invokeReadWriteParcel<CameraMetadata>(mCameraMetadata);
+        } else {
+            invokeNewReadWriteParcel<CameraMetadata>(mCameraMetadata, *mFDP);
+        }
+    }
+    delete mCameraMetadata;
+}
+
+void CameraMetadataFuzzer::process(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    mFDP = new FuzzedDataProvider(data, size);
+    invokeCameraMetadata();
+    delete mFDP;
+}
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    CameraMetadataFuzzer cameraMetadataFuzzer;
+    cameraMetadataFuzzer.process(data, size);
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_utils_fuzzer.cpp b/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_utils_fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..365305e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_utils_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <CameraBase.h>
+#include <CameraUtils.h>
+#include "camera2common.h"
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace android;
+using namespace android::hardware;
+
+constexpr int8_t kMaxLoopIterations = 20;
+constexpr int32_t kSizeMin = 0;
+constexpr int32_t kSizeMax = 1000;
+
+class CameraUtilsFuzzer {
+  public:
+    void process(const uint8_t* data, size_t size);
+
+  private:
+    void invokeCameraUtils();
+    void invokeCameraBase();
+    FuzzedDataProvider* mFDP = nullptr;
+};
+
+void CameraUtilsFuzzer::invokeCameraUtils() {
+    int8_t count = kMaxLoopIterations;
+    while (--count > 0) {
+        int32_t transform = 0;
+        auto callCameraUtilsAPIs = mFDP->PickValueInArray<const std::function<void()>>({
+                [&]() {
+                    CameraMetadata staticMetadata;
+                    if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
+                        int32_t orientVal = mFDP->ConsumeBool()
+                                                    ? mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidOrientation)
+                                                    : mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                        uint8_t facingVal = mFDP->ConsumeBool()
+                                                    ? mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidFacing)
+                                                    : mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint8_t>();
+                        staticMetadata.update(ANDROID_SENSOR_ORIENTATION, &orientVal, 1);
+                        staticMetadata.update(ANDROID_LENS_FACING, &facingVal, 1);
+                    } else {
+                        std::vector<int32_t> orientVal;
+                        for (int8_t i = 0;
+                             i <= mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinCapacity, kMaxCapacity);
+                             ++i) {
+                            orientVal.push_back(mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
+                        }
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> facingVal = mFDP->ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(kMaxBytes);
+                        /**
+                         * Resizing vector to a size between 1 to 1000 so that vector is not empty.
+                         */
+                        orientVal.resize(0, mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinCapacity,
+                                                                                  kMaxCapacity));
+                        facingVal.resize(0, mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinCapacity,
+                                                                                  kMaxCapacity));
+                        staticMetadata.update(ANDROID_SENSOR_ORIENTATION, orientVal.data(),
+                                              orientVal.size());
+                        staticMetadata.update(ANDROID_LENS_FACING, facingVal.data(),
+                                              facingVal.size());
+                    }
+
+                    CameraUtils::getRotationTransform(
+                            staticMetadata, mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* mirrorMode */,
+                            &transform /*out*/);
+                },
+                [&]() { CameraUtils::isCameraServiceDisabled(); },
+        });
+        callCameraUtilsAPIs();
+    }
+}
+
+void CameraUtilsFuzzer::invokeCameraBase() {
+    int8_t count = kMaxLoopIterations;
+    while (--count > 0) {
+        CameraInfo cameraInfo;
+        cameraInfo.facing = mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidFacing)
+                                                : mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int>();
+        cameraInfo.orientation = mFDP->ConsumeBool() ? mFDP->PickValueInArray(kValidOrientation)
+                                                     : mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int>();
+        if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
+            invokeReadWriteParcel<CameraInfo>(&cameraInfo);
+        } else {
+            invokeNewReadWriteParcel<CameraInfo>(&cameraInfo, *mFDP);
+        }
+
+        CameraStatus* cameraStatus = nullptr;
+
+        if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
+            cameraStatus = new CameraStatus();
+        } else {
+            string id = mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+            int32_t status = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+            size_t unavailSubIdsSize = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kSizeMin, kSizeMax);
+            vector<string> unavailSubIds;
+            for (size_t idx = 0; idx < unavailSubIdsSize; ++idx) {
+                string unavailSubId = mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+                unavailSubIds.push_back(unavailSubId);
+            }
+            string clientPackage = mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+
+            cameraStatus = new CameraStatus(id, status, unavailSubIds, clientPackage);
+        }
+
+        if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
+            invokeReadWriteParcel<CameraStatus>(cameraStatus);
+        } else {
+            invokeNewReadWriteParcel<CameraStatus>(cameraStatus, *mFDP);
+        }
+        delete cameraStatus;
+    }
+}
+
+void CameraUtilsFuzzer::process(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    mFDP = new FuzzedDataProvider(data, size);
+    if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
+        invokeCameraUtils();
+    } else {
+        invokeCameraBase();
+    }
+    delete mFDP;
+}
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    CameraUtilsFuzzer cameraUtilsFuzzer;
+    cameraUtilsFuzzer.process(data, size);
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_vendorTagDescriptor_fuzzer.cpp b/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_vendorTagDescriptor_fuzzer.cpp
index e14d9ce..3131f1d 100644
--- a/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_vendorTagDescriptor_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/camera/tests/fuzzer/camera_vendorTagDescriptor_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@
 constexpr int32_t kRangeMin = 0;
 constexpr int32_t kRangeMax = 1000;
 constexpr int32_t kVendorTagDescriptorId = -1;
+constexpr int8_t kMinLoopIterations = 1;
+constexpr int8_t kMaxLoopIterations = 50;
 
 extern "C" {
 
@@ -95,39 +97,63 @@
     initVendorTagDescriptor();
 
     sp<VendorTagDescriptor> vdesc = new VendorTagDescriptor();
-    vdesc->copyFrom(*mVendorTagDescriptor);
-    VendorTagDescriptor::setAsGlobalVendorTagDescriptor(mVendorTagDescriptor);
-    VendorTagDescriptor::getGlobalVendorTagDescriptor();
 
-    int32_t tagCount = mVendorTagDescriptor->getTagCount();
-    if (tagCount > 0) {
-        uint32_t tagArray[tagCount];
-        mVendorTagDescriptor->getTagArray(tagArray);
-        uint32_t tag;
-        for (int32_t i = 0; i < tagCount; ++i) {
-            tag = tagArray[i];
-            get_local_camera_metadata_section_name_vendor_id(tag, kVendorTagDescriptorId);
-            get_local_camera_metadata_tag_name_vendor_id(tag, kVendorTagDescriptorId);
-            get_local_camera_metadata_tag_type_vendor_id(tag, kVendorTagDescriptorId);
-            mVendorTagDescriptor->getSectionIndex(tag);
-        }
-        mVendorTagDescriptor->getAllSectionNames();
+    int8_t count = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int8_t>(kMinLoopIterations, kMaxLoopIterations);
+    while (--count > 0) {
+        auto callVendorTagDescriptor = mFDP->PickValueInArray<const std::function<void()>>({
+                [&]() {
+                    int32_t tagCount = mVendorTagDescriptor->getTagCount();
+                    if (tagCount > 0) {
+                        uint32_t tagArray[tagCount];
+                        mVendorTagDescriptor->getTagArray(tagArray);
+                        uint32_t tag;
+                        for (int32_t i = 0; i < tagCount; ++i) {
+                            tag = tagArray[i];
+                            get_local_camera_metadata_section_name_vendor_id(
+                                    tag, kVendorTagDescriptorId);
+                            get_local_camera_metadata_tag_name_vendor_id(tag,
+                                                                         kVendorTagDescriptorId);
+                            get_local_camera_metadata_tag_type_vendor_id(tag,
+                                                                         kVendorTagDescriptorId);
+                            mVendorTagDescriptor->getSectionIndex(tag);
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    if (mVendorTagDescriptor->getTagCount() > 0) {
+                        mVendorTagDescriptor->getAllSectionNames();
+                    }
+                },
+                [&]() { vdesc->copyFrom(*mVendorTagDescriptor); },
+                [&]() {
+                    VendorTagDescriptor::setAsGlobalVendorTagDescriptor(mVendorTagDescriptor);
+                },
+                [&]() { VendorTagDescriptor::getGlobalVendorTagDescriptor(); },
+                [&]() {
+                    String8 name((mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString()).c_str());
+                    String8 section((mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString()).c_str());
+                    uint32_t lookupTag;
+                    mVendorTagDescriptor->lookupTag(name, section, &lookupTag);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    int32_t fd = open("/dev/null", O_CLOEXEC | O_RDWR | O_CREAT);
+                    int32_t verbosity = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kRangeMin, kRangeMax);
+                    int32_t indentation =
+                            mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kRangeMin, kRangeMax);
+                    mVendorTagDescriptor->dump(fd, verbosity, indentation);
+                    close(fd);
+                },
+        });
+        callVendorTagDescriptor();
     }
 
-    String8 name((mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString()).c_str());
-    String8 section((mFDP->ConsumeRandomLengthString()).c_str());
-    uint32_t lookupTag;
-    mVendorTagDescriptor->lookupTag(name, section, &lookupTag);
-
-    int32_t fd = open("/dev/null", O_CLOEXEC | O_RDWR | O_CREAT);
-    int32_t verbosity = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kRangeMin, kRangeMax);
-    int32_t indentation = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kRangeMin, kRangeMax);
-    mVendorTagDescriptor->dump(fd, verbosity, indentation);
-
-    invokeReadWriteParcelsp<VendorTagDescriptor>(mVendorTagDescriptor);
+    // Do not keep invokeReadWrite() APIs in while loop to avoid possible OOM.
+    if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
+        invokeReadWriteParcelsp<VendorTagDescriptor>(mVendorTagDescriptor);
+    } else {
+        invokeNewReadWriteParcelsp<VendorTagDescriptor>(mVendorTagDescriptor, *mFDP);
+    }
     VendorTagDescriptor::clearGlobalVendorTagDescriptor();
-    vdesc.clear();
-    close(fd);
 }
 
 void VendorTagDescriptorFuzzer::invokeVendorTagDescriptorCache() {
@@ -135,36 +161,52 @@
     uint64_t id = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint64_t>();
     initVendorTagDescriptor();
 
-    mVendorTagDescriptorCache->addVendorDescriptor(id, mVendorTagDescriptor);
-    VendorTagDescriptorCache::setAsGlobalVendorTagCache(mVendorTagDescriptorCache);
-    VendorTagDescriptorCache::getGlobalVendorTagCache();
-    sp<VendorTagDescriptor> tagDesc;
-    mVendorTagDescriptorCache->getVendorTagDescriptor(id, &tagDesc);
-
-    int32_t tagCount = mVendorTagDescriptorCache->getTagCount(id);
-    if (tagCount > 0) {
-        uint32_t tagArray[tagCount];
-        mVendorTagDescriptorCache->getTagArray(tagArray, id);
-        uint32_t tag;
-        for (int32_t i = 0; i < tagCount; ++i) {
-            tag = tagArray[i];
-            get_local_camera_metadata_section_name_vendor_id(tag, id);
-            get_local_camera_metadata_tag_name_vendor_id(tag, id);
-            get_local_camera_metadata_tag_type_vendor_id(tag, id);
-        }
+    int8_t count = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int8_t>(kMinLoopIterations, kMaxLoopIterations);
+    while (--count > 0) {
+        auto callVendorTagDescriptorCache = mFDP->PickValueInArray<const std::function<void()>>({
+                [&]() { mVendorTagDescriptorCache->addVendorDescriptor(id, mVendorTagDescriptor); },
+                [&]() {
+                    VendorTagDescriptorCache::setAsGlobalVendorTagCache(mVendorTagDescriptorCache);
+                },
+                [&]() { VendorTagDescriptorCache::getGlobalVendorTagCache(); },
+                [&]() {
+                    sp<VendorTagDescriptor> tagDesc;
+                    mVendorTagDescriptorCache->getVendorTagDescriptor(id, &tagDesc);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    int32_t tagCount = mVendorTagDescriptorCache->getTagCount(id);
+                    if (tagCount > 0) {
+                        uint32_t tagArray[tagCount];
+                        mVendorTagDescriptorCache->getTagArray(tagArray, id);
+                        uint32_t tag;
+                        for (int32_t i = 0; i < tagCount; ++i) {
+                            tag = tagArray[i];
+                            get_local_camera_metadata_section_name_vendor_id(tag, id);
+                            get_local_camera_metadata_tag_name_vendor_id(tag, id);
+                            get_local_camera_metadata_tag_type_vendor_id(tag, id);
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    int32_t fd = open("/dev/null", O_CLOEXEC | O_RDWR | O_CREAT);
+                    int32_t verbosity = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int>(kRangeMin, kRangeMax);
+                    int32_t indentation = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int>(kRangeMin, kRangeMax);
+                    mVendorTagDescriptorCache->dump(fd, verbosity, indentation);
+                    close(fd);
+                },
+                [&]() { VendorTagDescriptorCache::isVendorCachePresent(id); },
+                [&]() { mVendorTagDescriptorCache->getVendorIdsAndTagDescriptors(); },
+        });
+        callVendorTagDescriptorCache();
     }
 
-    int32_t fd = open("/dev/null", O_CLOEXEC | O_RDWR | O_CREAT);
-    int32_t verbosity = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int>(kRangeMin, kRangeMax);
-    int32_t indentation = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int>(kRangeMin, kRangeMax);
-    mVendorTagDescriptorCache->dump(fd, verbosity, indentation);
-
-    invokeReadWriteParcelsp<VendorTagDescriptorCache>(mVendorTagDescriptorCache);
-    VendorTagDescriptorCache::isVendorCachePresent(id);
-    mVendorTagDescriptorCache->getVendorIdsAndTagDescriptors();
+    // Do not keep invokeReadWrite() APIs in while loop to avoid possible OOM.
+    if (mFDP->ConsumeBool()) {
+        invokeReadWriteParcelsp<VendorTagDescriptorCache>(mVendorTagDescriptorCache);
+    } else {
+        invokeNewReadWriteParcelsp<VendorTagDescriptorCache>(mVendorTagDescriptorCache, *mFDP);
+    }
     mVendorTagDescriptorCache->clearGlobalVendorTagCache();
-    tagDesc.clear();
-    close(fd);
 }
 
 void VendorTagDescriptorFuzzer::invokeVendorTagErrorConditions() {
@@ -177,26 +219,39 @@
         VendorTagDescriptor::createDescriptorFromOps(/*vOps*/ NULL, vDesc);
     } else {
         VendorTagDescriptor::createDescriptorFromOps(&vOps, vDesc);
-        int32_t tagCount = vDesc->getTagCount();
-        uint32_t badTag = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
-        uint32_t badTagArray[tagCount + 1];
-        vDesc->getTagArray(badTagArray);
-        vDesc->getSectionName(badTag);
-        vDesc->getTagName(badTag);
-        vDesc->getTagType(badTag);
-        VendorTagDescriptor::clearGlobalVendorTagDescriptor();
-        VendorTagDescriptor::getGlobalVendorTagDescriptor();
-        VendorTagDescriptor::setAsGlobalVendorTagDescriptor(vDesc);
+
+        int8_t count = mFDP->ConsumeIntegralInRange<int8_t>(kMinLoopIterations, kMaxLoopIterations);
+        while (--count > 0) {
+            int32_t tagCount = vDesc->getTagCount();
+            uint32_t badTag = mFDP->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
+            uint32_t badTagArray[tagCount + 1];
+            auto callVendorTagErrorConditions =
+                    mFDP->PickValueInArray<const std::function<void()>>({
+                            [&]() { vDesc->getTagArray(badTagArray); },
+                            [&]() { vDesc->getSectionName(badTag); },
+                            [&]() { vDesc->getTagName(badTag); },
+                            [&]() { vDesc->getTagType(badTag); },
+                            [&]() { VendorTagDescriptor::clearGlobalVendorTagDescriptor(); },
+                            [&]() { VendorTagDescriptor::getGlobalVendorTagDescriptor(); },
+                            [&]() { VendorTagDescriptor::setAsGlobalVendorTagDescriptor(vDesc); },
+                    });
+            callVendorTagErrorConditions();
+        }
         invokeReadWriteNullParcelsp<VendorTagDescriptor>(vDesc);
-        vDesc.clear();
     }
+    vDesc.clear();
 }
 
 void VendorTagDescriptorFuzzer::process(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
     mFDP = new FuzzedDataProvider(data, size);
-    invokeVendorTagDescriptor();
-    invokeVendorTagDescriptorCache();
-    invokeVendorTagErrorConditions();
+    while (mFDP->remaining_bytes()) {
+        auto invokeVendorTagDescriptorFuzzer = mFDP->PickValueInArray<const std::function<void()>>({
+                [&]() { invokeVendorTagDescriptor(); },
+                [&]() { invokeVendorTagDescriptorCache(); },
+                [&]() { invokeVendorTagErrorConditions(); },
+        });
+        invokeVendorTagDescriptorFuzzer();
+    }
     delete mFDP;
 }
 
diff --git a/cmds/screenrecord/Overlay.cpp b/cmds/screenrecord/Overlay.cpp
index 17d7046..a19ef8e 100644
--- a/cmds/screenrecord/Overlay.cpp
+++ b/cmds/screenrecord/Overlay.cpp
@@ -90,9 +90,12 @@
 
 status_t Overlay::stop() {
     ALOGV("Overlay::stop");
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mMutex);
-    mState = STOPPING;
-    mEventCond.signal();
+    {
+        Mutex::Autolock _l(mMutex);
+        mState = STOPPING;
+        mEventCond.signal();
+    }
+    join();
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
diff --git a/cmds/screenrecord/screenrecord.cpp b/cmds/screenrecord/screenrecord.cpp
index 55bfbd8..a6b20cf 100644
--- a/cmds/screenrecord/screenrecord.cpp
+++ b/cmds/screenrecord/screenrecord.cpp
@@ -892,9 +892,9 @@
         gPhysicalDisplayId ? displayState.layerStackSpaceRect : getMaxDisplaySize();
     if (gVerbose) {
         printf("Display is %dx%d @%.2ffps (orientation=%s), layerStack=%u\n",
-                layerStackSpaceRect.getWidth(), layerStackSpaceRect.getHeight(),
-                displayMode.refreshRate, toCString(displayState.orientation),
-                displayState.layerStack.id);
+               layerStackSpaceRect.getWidth(), layerStackSpaceRect.getHeight(),
+               displayMode.peakRefreshRate, toCString(displayState.orientation),
+               displayState.layerStack.id);
         fflush(stdout);
     }
 
@@ -911,7 +911,8 @@
     sp<FrameOutput> frameOutput;
     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> encoderInputSurface;
     if (gOutputFormat != FORMAT_FRAMES && gOutputFormat != FORMAT_RAW_FRAMES) {
-        err = prepareEncoder(displayMode.refreshRate, &recordingData.encoder, &encoderInputSurface);
+        err = prepareEncoder(displayMode.peakRefreshRate, &recordingData.encoder,
+                             &encoderInputSurface);
 
         if (err != NO_ERROR && !gSizeSpecified) {
             // fallback is defined for landscape; swap if we're in portrait
@@ -924,8 +925,8 @@
                         gVideoWidth, gVideoHeight, newWidth, newHeight);
                 gVideoWidth = newWidth;
                 gVideoHeight = newHeight;
-                err = prepareEncoder(displayMode.refreshRate, &recordingData.encoder,
-                                      &encoderInputSurface);
+                err = prepareEncoder(displayMode.peakRefreshRate, &recordingData.encoder,
+                                     &encoderInputSurface);
             }
         }
         if (err != NO_ERROR) return err;
diff --git a/include/private/media/VideoFrame.h b/include/private/media/VideoFrame.h
index 11e1704..ec99fac 100644
--- a/include/private/media/VideoFrame.h
+++ b/include/private/media/VideoFrame.h
@@ -37,10 +37,12 @@
     // will calculate frame buffer size if |hasData| is set to true.
     VideoFrame(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
             uint32_t displayWidth, uint32_t displayHeight,
+            uint32_t displayLeft, uint32_t displayTop,
             uint32_t tileWidth, uint32_t tileHeight,
             uint32_t angle, uint32_t bpp, uint32_t bitDepth, bool hasData, size_t iccSize):
         mWidth(width), mHeight(height),
         mDisplayWidth(displayWidth), mDisplayHeight(displayHeight),
+        mDisplayLeft(displayLeft), mDisplayTop(displayTop),
         mTileWidth(tileWidth), mTileHeight(tileHeight), mDurationUs(0),
         mRotationAngle(angle), mBytesPerPixel(bpp), mIccSize(iccSize),
         mBitDepth(bitDepth) {
@@ -82,6 +84,8 @@
     uint32_t mHeight;          // Decoded image height before rotation
     uint32_t mDisplayWidth;    // Display width before rotation
     uint32_t mDisplayHeight;   // Display height before rotation
+    uint32_t mDisplayLeft;     // Display left (column coordinate) before rotation
+    uint32_t mDisplayTop;      // Display top (row coordinate) before rotation
     uint32_t mTileWidth;       // Tile width (0 if image doesn't have grid)
     uint32_t mTileHeight;      // Tile height (0 if image doesn't have grid)
     int64_t  mDurationUs;      // Frame duration in microseconds
diff --git a/media/audio/aconfig/Android.bp b/media/audio/aconfig/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af97dac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/audio/aconfig/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+// media_audio namespace flags
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "audio-aconfig-cc-defaults",
+    host_supported: true,
+}
+
+aconfig_declarations {
+    name: "com.android.media.audioserver-aconfig",
+    package: "com.android.media.audioserver",
+    srcs: ["audioserver.aconfig"],
+}
+
+aconfig_declarations {
+    name: "com.android.media.audio-aconfig",
+    package: "com.android.media.audio",
+    srcs: ["audio.aconfig"],
+}
+
+aconfig_declarations {
+    name: "com.android.media.aaudio-aconfig",
+    package: "com.android.media.aaudio",
+    srcs: ["aaudio.aconfig"],
+}
+
+cc_aconfig_library {
+    name: "com.android.media.audioserver-aconfig-cc",
+    aconfig_declarations: "com.android.media.audioserver-aconfig",
+    defaults: ["audio-aconfig-cc-defaults"],
+    double_loadable: true,
+    host_supported: true,
+    product_available: true,
+    vendor_available: true,
+    apex_available: [
+        "//apex_available:platform",
+        "com.android.media",
+        "com.android.media.swcodec",
+    ],
+    min_sdk_version: "29",
+}
+
+cc_aconfig_library {
+    name: "com.android.media.audio-aconfig-cc",
+    aconfig_declarations: "com.android.media.audio-aconfig",
+    defaults: ["audio-aconfig-cc-defaults"],
+    double_loadable: true,
+    host_supported: true,
+    product_available: true,
+    vendor_available: true,
+    // TODO(b/316909431) native_bridge_supported: true,
+    apex_available: [
+        "//apex_available:platform",
+        "com.android.media",
+        "com.android.media.swcodec",
+        "com.android.btservices",
+    ],
+    min_sdk_version: "29",
+}
+
+cc_aconfig_library {
+    name: "com.android.media.aaudio-aconfig-cc",
+    aconfig_declarations: "com.android.media.aaudio-aconfig",
+    defaults: ["audio-aconfig-cc-defaults"],
+}
+
+java_aconfig_library {
+    name: "com.android.media.audio-aconfig-java",
+    aconfig_declarations: "com.android.media.audio-aconfig",
+}
+
+// For CTS usage
+java_aconfig_library {
+    name: "com.android.media.audioserver-aconfig-java",
+    aconfig_declarations: "com.android.media.audioserver-aconfig",
+}
+
+// Framework available flags to follow
+// Care must be taken to avoid namespace conflicts.
+// These flags are accessible outside of the platform! Limit usage to @FlaggedApi wherever possible
+
+aconfig_declarations {
+    name: "android.media.audio-aconfig",
+    package: "android.media.audio",
+    srcs: ["audio_framework.aconfig"],
+    visibility: ["//frameworks/base/api"],
+}
+
+aconfig_declarations {
+    name: "android.media.audiopolicy-aconfig",
+    package: "android.media.audiopolicy",
+    srcs: ["audiopolicy_framework.aconfig"],
+    visibility: ["//frameworks/base/api"],
+}
+
+aconfig_declarations {
+    name: "android.media.midi-aconfig",
+    package: "android.media.midi",
+    srcs: ["midi_flags.aconfig"],
+    visibility: ["//frameworks/base/api"],
+}
+
+java_aconfig_library {
+    name: "android.media.audio-aconfig-java",
+    aconfig_declarations: "android.media.audio-aconfig",
+    defaults: ["framework-minus-apex-aconfig-java-defaults"],
+}
+
+java_aconfig_library {
+    name: "android.media.audiopolicy-aconfig-java",
+    aconfig_declarations: "android.media.audiopolicy-aconfig",
+    defaults: ["framework-minus-apex-aconfig-java-defaults"],
+    min_sdk_version: "VanillaIceCream",
+    apex_available: [
+        "//apex_available:platform",
+        "com.android.car.framework",
+    ],
+}
+
+java_aconfig_library {
+    name: "android.media.midi-aconfig-java",
+    aconfig_declarations: "android.media.midi-aconfig",
+    defaults: ["framework-minus-apex-aconfig-java-defaults"],
+}
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "audio-framework-aconfig",
+    srcs: [
+        ":android.media.audio-aconfig-java{.generated_srcjars}",
+        ":android.media.audiopolicy-aconfig-java{.generated_srcjars}",
+        ":android.media.midi-aconfig-java{.generated_srcjars}",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/media/audio/aconfig/README.md b/media/audio/aconfig/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ce1259
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/audio/aconfig/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+# Android Audio Flagging Guide
+
+This directory contains the aconfig flag definitions and the associated build files for Android
+Audio features.
+
+## Build Configuration
+
+### Namespaces
+
+There are several global namespaces involved with flagging which must be maintained:
+ - **Mendel project**: `media_audio`. Associated with mdb group and used by gantry.
+All aconfig flags in this namespace should be defined in this directory, and all flags defined in
+this directory should belong to this namespace.
+ - **Blueprint namespaces**: the name field of any module is unique over a particular build
+namespace (for platform development purposes there is one).
+ - **Aconfig package**: All flags generated by aconfig are converted by Halyard into Mendel flags
+of the form {PACKAGE}{FLAG}, where both fields are stripped of spaces, underscores and dashes. This
+combo **must** be globally unique (across Android).
+ - **Generated code**: Both java and cpp aconfig library rules generate code which pollutes the
+namespace of the backend. This means that if two aconfig java libraries exist which consume **any**
+`aconfig_declarations` with packages which intersect, these libraries are incompatible to be linked
+together (and equivalent in cc). If the library is included in the framework, it is on the
+bootclasspath, so no other library for that package can exist. Additionally, the cpp backend
+generates header files with the same name as the unqualified name of the package which means
+include path conflicts are possible.
+
+
+### Naming convention
+
+Given above, follow the following naming convention (given a `{PACKAGE}`).
+
+Generally, `aconfig_declarations` and `{backend}_aconfig_library` should be 1-1, except in cases
+where different package configurations are needed with pre-processing with different classpaths.
+This is because multiple libraries with the same aconfig package cannot compile together.
+
+```
+aconfig_declarations {
+    name: "{PACKAGE}-aconfig",
+    package: "{PACKAGE}",
+    srcs: ["{PACKAGE}.aconfig"]
+}
+
+{backend}_aconfig_library {
+    name: "{PACKAGE}-aconfig-{backend}",
+    aconfig_declarations: "{PACKAGE}-aconfig",
+    defaults: ["audio-aconfig-{backend}-defaults"],
+}
+
+```
+If the flags are required as part of the framework, the java backend is ingested into the framework
+via srcjar for cyclic dependency/simplicity reasons. Add the following
+
+```
+    ":{PACKAGE}-aconfig-java{.generated_srcjars}"
+```
+
+as a source in `audio-framework-aconfig`. This target is included in the file-list which compiles
+the framework. If a lib is included in this list, it is unecessary to add it in any other blueprint
+file for platform code (for non-host). For tests, the library should be **statically** linked
+(which shadows the bootclasspath), to get around @hide restrictions (this approach may change).
+
+
+### Visibility
+
+Visibility should be controlled (private) so that flag cleanup remains maintainable by the team.
+This constraints the locations where extant flags need to be chased for removal.
+
+
+### Packaging preference
+As a rule, prefer the most constrained package appropriate for a particular flag. This limits viral
+dependencies on a flag library which restricts where/how testing can occur. It also speeds up
+incremental rebuilds. Packages which end up in the framework should be avoided as much as possible,
+since they require rebuilding the framework, pollute the bootclasspath, and require special build
+handling to operate (srcjar generation, jarjar to access in CTS).
+
+Utilize "java-like" package naming for all packages, to ensure packages are globally unique, and
+to avoid class conflicts if these flags are later included in java code.
+
+## Workflow
+
+### Usage Style
+In general, prefer flags at the integration level, rather than at the implementation level.
+This allows flags to be queried in as few locations as possible such as by (parametrizing functions,
+classes, types, etc.) It also allows callers to make different decisions on when behavior can/should
+be changed (e.g. different flags could be used for different libraries).  This follows dependency
+injection principles and ensures that global state has a smaller blast radius, and also makes it
+easier to test code by relying less on infrastructure. The more places a flag is queried, the more
+its implementation should be deferred upwards, either by the injection interfaces, or by explicit
+parametrization.
+
+### Flag scope
+In general, flags should be scoped as precisely as possible while retaining orthogonality. If
+flags are too specific (multiple flags interact together to encompass a single change), then
+reasoning about independently switching flags becomes difficult. Other than all-on and all-of
+configurations, there is limited soak for flag combinations, so it is critical that flags
+interact with each other minimally (although emergent properties are inevitable).
+However, if flags are too general, graduating/reverting flags can carry too much behavior change,
+the build graph degenerates, and 
+
+### Instant Staging
+In general, it is recommended that the moment a flag is added to the tree, it should be moved to
+staging on gantry. There is no benefit to adding a flag but not moving into staging.
+This allows:
+1. Verification by treehugger in both pre/post-submit
+1. Automatic configuration for feature development for local engineering workflows
+1. Integration with other engineering features in development
+
+
+### FlaggedApi
+FlaggedApi operates differently than other types of flags since these flags only graduate at the
+next API bump. These flags also must be exposed through the framework. FlaggedApis should only
+operate over the same set of flags as an implementation if the implementation is entirely related
+to the feature. Given the constraints on the flag lifetime, it is preferable to use a "regular"
+flag for implementation, which can integrate/soak/ship/clean-up faster.
+
+Additionally, unlike "regular" flags, @FlaggedApis are not effectively soaked, so like non-trunk
+API development, they are heavily reliant on CTS to integrate.
+
+On non-next configs, @FlaggedApi has no runtime control, but it is undefined for callers to
+call a FlaggedApi without querying the status of the flag. The build itself is not changed on
+staging. Anything which builds against the platform can see all @FlaggedApis.
+
+Methods annotated FlaggedApis are changed for release finalization -- if an API is not in next,
+it is stripped from the Sdk (and left @hide). If an API graduated to next, it is included fully
+included in the Sdk, and the @FlaggedApi annotation is stripped.
+
+
+### TestApis
+TestApis do not require flagging, since their existence in the tree implies that they should
+be accessible to callers (xTS not building on trunk enables this).
+
+
+### Api Changes
+Currently, the flag infra does not support any type of Api modification (arguments, annotation,
+renaming, deletion, etc.) In any of these cases (including for SystemApi), exceptions will need to
+be granted.
diff --git a/media/audio/aconfig/aaudio.aconfig b/media/audio/aconfig/aaudio.aconfig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7196525
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/audio/aconfig/aaudio.aconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Flags for aaudio
+#
+# Please add flags in alphabetical order.
+
+package: "com.android.media.aaudio"
+
+flag {
+    name: "sample_rate_conversion"
+    namespace: "media_audio"
+    description: "Enable the AAudio sample rate converter."
+    bug: "219533889"
+}
diff --git a/media/audio/aconfig/audio.aconfig b/media/audio/aconfig/audio.aconfig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b2a5c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/audio/aconfig/audio.aconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# Audio flags intended for general consumption (cross-cutting), but NOT included in framework.
+#
+# Please add flags in alphabetical order.
+
+package: "com.android.media.audio"
+
+flag {
+    name: "alarm_min_volume_zero"
+    namespace: "media_audio"
+    description: "Support configuring alarm min vol to zero"
+    bug: "296884402"
+}
+
+flag {
+    name: "bluetooth_mac_address_anonymization"
+    namespace: "media_audio"
+    description:
+        "Enable Bluetooth MAC address anonymization when reporting "
+        "audio device descriptors to non privileged apps."
+    bug: "285588444"
+}
+
+flag {
+    name: "disable_prescale_absolute_volume"
+    namespace: "media_audio"
+    description:
+        "Disable pre-scale absolute volume."
+    bug: "302553525"
+}
+
+flag {
+    name: "dsa_over_bt_le_audio"
+    namespace: "media_audio"
+    description:
+        "Enable dynamic spatial audio over Bluetooth LE Audio."
+    bug: "307588546"
+}
+
+flag {
+    name: "ringer_mode_affects_alarm"
+    namespace: "media_audio"
+    description:
+        "Support a configuration where ringer mode affects alarm stream"
+    bug: "312456558"
+}
+
+flag {
+    name: "spatializer_offload"
+    namespace: "media_audio"
+    description: "Enable spatializer offload"
+    bug: "307842941"
+}
+
+flag {
+    name: "stereo_spatialization"
+    namespace: "media_audio"
+    description: "Enable stereo channel mask for spatialization."
+    bug: "303920722"
+}
diff --git a/media/audio/aconfig/audio_framework.aconfig b/media/audio/aconfig/audio_framework.aconfig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5663cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/audio/aconfig/audio_framework.aconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# Top level framework (android.media) flags
+# Only add flags here which must be included in framework.jar
+#
+# Please add flags in alphabetical order.
+
+package: "android.media.audio"
+
+flag {
+    name: "auto_public_volume_api_hardening"
+    namespace: "media_audio"
+    description: "On AAOS, make volume and ringer SDK APIs in AudioManager no-ops."
+    bug: "302751899"
+}
+
+flag {
+    name: "automatic_bt_device_type"
+    namespace: "media_audio"
+    description:
+        "Enable the automatic Bluetooth audio device type "
+        "categorization based on BluetoothDevice class metadata."
+    bug: "302323921"
+}
+
+flag {
+    name: "focus_exclusive_with_recording"
+    namespace: "media_audio"
+    description:
+        "Audio focus GAIN_TRANSIENT_EXCLUSIVE only mutes"
+        "notifications when the focus owner is also recording"
+    bug: "316414750"
+}
+
+# TODO remove
+flag {
+    name: "focus_freeze_test_api"
+    namespace: "media_audio"
+    description: "\
+ AudioManager audio focus test APIs:\
+ AudioManager.enterAudioFocusFreezeForTest(java.util.List)\
+ AudioManager.exitAudioFocusFreezeForTest()\
+ AudioManager.getFocusDuckedUidsForTest()\
+ AudioManager.getFocusFadeOutDurationForTest()\
+ AudioManager.getFocusUnmuteDelayAfterFadeOutForTest()"
+    bug: "301713440"
+}
+
+flag {
+    name: "loudness_configurator_api"
+    namespace: "media_audio"
+    description: "\
+Enable the API for providing loudness metadata and CTA-2075 \
+support."
+    bug: "298463873"
+}
+
+flag {
+    name: "sco_managed_by_audio"
+    namespace: "media_audio"
+    description: "\
+Enable new implementation of headset profile device connection and\
+SCO audio activation."
+    bug: "265057196"
+}
+
diff --git a/media/audio/aconfig/audiopolicy_framework.aconfig b/media/audio/aconfig/audiopolicy_framework.aconfig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b41c1c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/audio/aconfig/audiopolicy_framework.aconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Flags for package android.media.audiopolicy.
+# Only add flags here which must be included in framework.jar
+#
+# Please add flags in alphabetical order.
+
+package: "android.media.audiopolicy"
+
+flag {
+    name: "audio_policy_update_mixing_rules_api"
+    namespace: "media_audio"
+    description: "Enable AudioPolicy.updateMixingRules API for hot-swapping audio mixing rules."
+    bug: "293874525"
+}
+
+flag {
+    name: "enable_fade_manager_configuration"
+    namespace: "media_audio"
+    description: "Enable Fade Manager Configuration support to determine fade properties"
+    bug: "307354764"
+}
+
+flag {
+    name: "multi_zone_audio"
+    namespace: "media_audio"
+    description: "Enable multi-zone audio support in audio product strategies."
+    bug: "316643994"
+}
diff --git a/media/audio/aconfig/audioserver.aconfig b/media/audio/aconfig/audioserver.aconfig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21ea1a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/audio/aconfig/audioserver.aconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# Flags for the native audioserver
+#
+# Please add flags in alphabetical order.
+
+package: "com.android.media.audioserver"
+
+flag {
+    name: "direct_track_reprioritization"
+    namespace: "media_audio"
+    description:
+        "Modify opening a direct output on a mixport to disrupt existing clients instead "
+        "of failing to open when resource limit is reached"
+    bug: "294525897"
+}
+
+flag {
+    name: "fdtostring_timeout_fix"
+    namespace: "media_audio"
+    description: "Improve fdtostring implementation to properly handle timing out."
+    bug: "306283018"
+}
+
+flag {
+    name: "mutex_priority_inheritance"
+    namespace: "media_audio"
+    description:
+        "Enable mutex priority inheritance in audioserver (std::mutex does not normally transfer "
+        "priority from the blocked thread to the blocking thread). "
+        "This feature helps reduce audio glitching caused by low priority blocking threads."
+    bug: "209491695"
+}
diff --git a/media/audio/aconfig/midi_flags.aconfig b/media/audio/aconfig/midi_flags.aconfig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff9238a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/audio/aconfig/midi_flags.aconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# MIDI flags
+# Only add flags here which must be included in framework.jar
+#
+# Please add flags in alphabetical order.
+
+package: "android.media.midi"
+
+flag {
+    name: "virtual_ump"
+    namespace: "media_audio"
+    description: "Enable virtual UMP MIDI."
+    bug: "291115176"
+}
diff --git a/media/audioaidlconversion/AidlConversionCppNdk.cpp b/media/audioaidlconversion/AidlConversionCppNdk.cpp
index bcb31f3..1a6c7f1 100644
--- a/media/audioaidlconversion/AidlConversionCppNdk.cpp
+++ b/media/audioaidlconversion/AidlConversionCppNdk.cpp
@@ -1069,6 +1069,13 @@
             if (mac.size() != 6) return BAD_VALUE;
             snprintf(addressBuffer, AUDIO_DEVICE_MAX_ADDRESS_LEN, "%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X",
                     mac[0], mac[1], mac[2], mac[3], mac[4], mac[5]);
+            // special case for anonymized mac address:
+            // change anonymized bytes back from FD:FF:FF:FF to XX:XX:XX:XX
+            std::string address(addressBuffer);
+            if (address.compare(0, strlen("FD:FF:FF:FF"), "FD:FF:FF:FF") == 0) {
+                address.replace(0, strlen("FD:FF:FF:FF"), "XX:XX:XX:XX");
+            }
+            strcpy(addressBuffer, address.c_str());
         } break;
         case Tag::ipv4: {
             const std::vector<uint8_t>& ipv4 = aidl.address.get<AudioDeviceAddress::ipv4>();
@@ -1129,11 +1136,20 @@
     if (!legacyAddress.empty()) {
         switch (suggestDeviceAddressTag(aidl.type)) {
             case Tag::mac: {
+                // special case for anonymized mac address:
+                // change anonymized bytes so that they can be scanned as HEX bytes
+                // Use '01' for LSB bits 0 and 1 as Bluetooth MAC addresses are never multicast
+                // and universaly administered
+                std::string address = legacyAddress;
+                if (address.compare(0, strlen("XX:XX:XX:XX"), "XX:XX:XX:XX") == 0) {
+                    address.replace(0, strlen("XX:XX:XX:XX"), "FD:FF:FF:FF");
+                }
+
                 std::vector<uint8_t> mac(6);
-                int status = sscanf(legacyAddress.c_str(), "%hhX:%hhX:%hhX:%hhX:%hhX:%hhX",
+                int status = sscanf(address.c_str(), "%hhX:%hhX:%hhX:%hhX:%hhX:%hhX",
                         &mac[0], &mac[1], &mac[2], &mac[3], &mac[4], &mac[5]);
                 if (status != mac.size()) {
-                    ALOGE("%s: malformed MAC address: \"%s\"", __func__, legacyAddress.c_str());
+                    ALOGE("%s: malformed MAC address: \"%s\"", __func__, address.c_str());
                     return unexpected(BAD_VALUE);
                 }
                 aidl.address = AudioDeviceAddress::make<AudioDeviceAddress::mac>(std::move(mac));
diff --git a/media/audioserver/Android.bp b/media/audioserver/Android.bp
index 828d861..2030dc7 100644
--- a/media/audioserver/Android.bp
+++ b/media/audioserver/Android.bp
@@ -25,21 +25,31 @@
         "libmediametrics_headers",
     ],
 
-    shared_libs: [
-        "packagemanager_aidl-cpp",
+    defaults: [
+        "libaaudioservice_dependencies",
+        "libaudioflinger_dependencies",
+        "libaudiopolicyservice_dependencies",
+        "latest_android_media_audio_common_types_cpp_shared",
+        "latest_android_hardware_audio_core_sounddose_ndk_shared",
+    ],
+
+    static_libs: [
         "libaaudioservice",
-        "libaudioclient",
         "libaudioflinger",
         "libaudiopolicyservice",
+        "libmedialogservice",
+        "libnbaio",
+    ],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libaudioclient",
         "libaudioprocessing",
         "libbinder",
         "libcutils",
         "libhidlbase",
         "liblog",
         "libmedia",
-        "libmedialogservice",
         "libmediautils",
-        "libnbaio",
         "libnblog",
         "libpowermanager",
         "libutils",
@@ -59,9 +69,9 @@
         "frameworks/av/services/audiopolicy/engine/interface",
         "frameworks/av/services/audiopolicy/service",
         "frameworks/av/services/medialog",
+        "frameworks/av/services/oboeservice", // TODO oboeservice is the old folder name for aaudioservice. It will be changed.
 
-        // TODO oboeservice is the old folder name for aaudioservice. It will be changed.
-        "frameworks/av/services/oboeservice",
+
     ],
 
     init_rc: ["audioserver.rc"],
diff --git a/media/audioserver/audioserver.rc b/media/audioserver/audioserver.rc
index d62dd91..8bdb86e 100644
--- a/media/audioserver/audioserver.rc
+++ b/media/audioserver/audioserver.rc
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
     # media gid needed for /dev/fm (radio) and for /data/misc/media (tee)
     group audio camera drmrpc media mediadrm net_bt net_bt_admin net_bw_acct wakelock
     capabilities BLOCK_SUSPEND
+    # match rtprio cur / max with sensor service as we handle AR/VR HID sensor data.
+    rlimit rtprio 10 10
     ioprio rt 4
     task_profiles ProcessCapacityHigh HighPerformance
     onrestart restart vendor.audio-hal
diff --git a/media/codec2/components/aac/C2SoftAacEnc.cpp b/media/codec2/components/aac/C2SoftAacEnc.cpp
index d865ab2..721a12a 100644
--- a/media/codec2/components/aac/C2SoftAacEnc.cpp
+++ b/media/codec2/components/aac/C2SoftAacEnc.cpp
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
         addParameter(
                 DefineParam(mChannelCount, C2_PARAMKEY_CHANNEL_COUNT)
                 .withDefault(new C2StreamChannelCountInfo::input(0u, 1))
-                .withFields({C2F(mChannelCount, value).inRange(1, 6)})
+                .withFields({C2F(mChannelCount, value).inRange(1, kMaxChannelCount)})
                 .withSetter(Setter<decltype(*mChannelCount)>::StrictValueWithNoDeps)
                 .build());
 
@@ -198,10 +198,17 @@
 }
 
 c2_status_t C2SoftAacEnc::onFlush_sm() {
+    if (mAACEncoder != nullptr) {
+        /* encoder's internal input buffer needs to be reset during flush */
+        if (AACENC_OK != aacEncoder_SetParam(mAACEncoder, AACENC_CONTROL_STATE, AACENC_INIT_ALL)) {
+            ALOGE("Failed to reset AAC encoder");
+        }
+    }
     mSentCodecSpecificData = false;
     mInputSize = 0u;
     mNextFrameTimestampUs.reset();
     mLastFrameEndTimestampUs.reset();
+    mRemainderLen = 0;
     return C2_OK;
 }
 
@@ -562,6 +569,11 @@
                 inBufferSize[0] -= outargs.numInSamples * sizeof(int16_t);
                 inargs.numInSamples -= outargs.numInSamples;
             }
+        } else {
+            // In case of error in encode call, discard remaining input bytes.
+            inBuffer[0] = nullptr;
+            inBufferSize[0] = 0;
+            inargs.numInSamples = 0;
         }
         ALOGV("encoderErr = %d mInputSize = %zu "
               "inargs.numInSamples = %d, mNextFrameTimestampUs = %lld",
@@ -597,10 +609,19 @@
                            &outBufDesc,
                            &inargs,
                            &outargs);
+
+        // after flush, discard remaining input bytes.
+        inBuffer[0] = nullptr;
         inBufferSize[0] = 0;
     }
 
     if (inBufferSize[0] > 0) {
+        if (inBufferSize[0] > kRemainderBufSize) {
+            ALOGE("Remaining bytes %d greater than remainder buffer size %zu", inBufferSize[0],
+                    kRemainderBufSize);
+            work->result = C2_CORRUPTED;
+            return;
+        }
         for (size_t i = 0; i < inBufferSize[0]; ++i) {
             mRemainder[i] = static_cast<uint8_t *>(inBuffer[0])[i];
         }
diff --git a/media/codec2/components/aac/C2SoftAacEnc.h b/media/codec2/components/aac/C2SoftAacEnc.h
index 9a28280..c79526c 100644
--- a/media/codec2/components/aac/C2SoftAacEnc.h
+++ b/media/codec2/components/aac/C2SoftAacEnc.h
@@ -47,6 +47,9 @@
             const std::shared_ptr<C2BlockPool> &pool) override;
 
 private:
+    static constexpr size_t kMaxChannelCount = 6;
+    static constexpr size_t kRemainderBufSize = kMaxChannelCount * sizeof(int16_t);
+
     std::shared_ptr<IntfImpl> mIntf;
 
     HANDLE_AACENCODER mAACEncoder;
@@ -63,7 +66,7 @@
     std::atomic_uint64_t mOutIndex;
 
     // We support max 6 channels
-    uint8_t mRemainder[6 * sizeof(int16_t)];
+    uint8_t mRemainder[kRemainderBufSize];
     size_t mRemainderLen;
 
     status_t initEncoder();
diff --git a/media/codec2/components/vpx/C2SoftVpxEnc.cpp b/media/codec2/components/vpx/C2SoftVpxEnc.cpp
index e903069..76e74ec 100644
--- a/media/codec2/components/vpx/C2SoftVpxEnc.cpp
+++ b/media/codec2/components/vpx/C2SoftVpxEnc.cpp
@@ -964,7 +964,7 @@
             memcpy(wView.data(), encoded_packet->data.frame.buf, encoded_packet->data.frame.sz);
             ++mNumInputFrames;
 
-            ALOGD("bytes generated %zu", encoded_packet->data.frame.sz);
+            ALOGV("bytes generated %zu", encoded_packet->data.frame.sz);
             uint32_t flags = 0;
             if (eos) {
                 flags |= C2FrameData::FLAG_END_OF_STREAM;
diff --git a/media/codec2/sfplugin/utils/Codec2BufferUtils.cpp b/media/codec2/sfplugin/utils/Codec2BufferUtils.cpp
index 9004bcf..261fd05 100644
--- a/media/codec2/sfplugin/utils/Codec2BufferUtils.cpp
+++ b/media/codec2/sfplugin/utils/Codec2BufferUtils.cpp
@@ -621,8 +621,8 @@
     uint8_t maxLvlChroma =  colorRange == C2Color::RANGE_FULL ? 255 : 240;
 
 #define CLIP3(min,v,max) (((v) < (min)) ? (min) : (((max) > (v)) ? (v) : (max)))
-    for (size_t y = 0; y < src.height(); ++y) {
-        for (size_t x = 0; x < src.width(); ++x) {
+    for (size_t y = 0; y < src.crop().height; ++y) {
+        for (size_t x = 0; x < src.crop().width; ++x) {
             uint8_t r = *pRed;
             uint8_t g = *pGreen;
             uint8_t b = *pBlue;
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/fuzzer/Android.bp b/media/libaaudio/fuzzer/Android.bp
index ee53717..46c4148 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/fuzzer/Android.bp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/fuzzer/Android.bp
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
         "libaudioclient_aidl_conversion",
         "libaudio_aidl_conversion_common_cpp",
         "libutils",
+        "com.android.media.aaudio-aconfig-cc",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "liblog",
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/include/aaudio/AAudio.h b/media/libaaudio/include/aaudio/AAudio.h
index 7648c76..9d9b574 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/include/aaudio/AAudio.h
+++ b/media/libaaudio/include/aaudio/AAudio.h
@@ -539,6 +539,22 @@
      * Available since API level 29.
      */
     AAUDIO_INPUT_PRESET_VOICE_PERFORMANCE = 10,
+
+    /**
+     * Use this preset for an echo canceller to capture the reference signal.
+     * Reserved for system components.
+     * Requires CAPTURE_AUDIO_OUTPUT permission
+     * Available since API level 35.
+     */
+    AAUDIO_INPUT_PRESET_SYSTEM_ECHO_REFERENCE = 1997,
+
+    /**
+     * Use this preset for preemptible, low-priority software hotword detection.
+     * Reserved for system components.
+     * Requires CAPTURE_AUDIO_HOTWORD permission.
+     * Available since API level 35.
+     */
+    AAUDIO_INPUT_PRESET_SYSTEM_HOTWORD = 1999,
 };
 typedef int32_t aaudio_input_preset_t;
 
@@ -623,6 +639,11 @@
  * (e.g. a USB audio interface, a DAC connected to headphones) to
  * specify allowable configurations of a particular device.
  *
+ * Channel masks are for input only, output only, or both input and output.
+ * These channel masks are different than those defined in AudioFormat.java.
+ * If an app gets a channel mask from Java API and wants to use it in AAudio,
+ * conversion should be done by the app.
+ *
  * Added in API level 32.
  */
 enum {
@@ -630,10 +651,6 @@
      * Invalid channel mask
      */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_INVALID = -1,
-
-    /**
-     * Output audio channel mask
-     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT = 1 << 0,
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT = 1 << 1,
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER = 1 << 2,
@@ -661,62 +678,112 @@
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_WIDE_LEFT = 1 << 24,
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_WIDE_RIGHT = 1 << 25,
 
+    /**
+     * Supported for Input and Output
+     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_MONO = AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT,
+    /**
+     * Supported for Input and Output
+     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_STEREO = AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT |
                             AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT,
+    /**
+     * Supported for only Output
+     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_2POINT1 = AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT |
                              AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT |
                              AAUDIO_CHANNEL_LOW_FREQUENCY,
+    /**
+     * Supported for only Output
+     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_TRI = AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT |
                          AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT |
                          AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER,
+    /**
+     * Supported for only Output
+     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_TRI_BACK = AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT |
                               AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT |
                               AAUDIO_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER,
+    /**
+     * Supported for only Output
+     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_3POINT1 = AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT |
                              AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT |
                              AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER |
                              AAUDIO_CHANNEL_LOW_FREQUENCY,
+    /**
+     * Supported for Input and Output
+     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_2POINT0POINT2 = AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT |
                                    AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT |
                                    AAUDIO_CHANNEL_TOP_SIDE_LEFT |
                                    AAUDIO_CHANNEL_TOP_SIDE_RIGHT,
+    /**
+     * Supported for Input and Output
+     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_2POINT1POINT2 = AAUDIO_CHANNEL_2POINT0POINT2 |
                                    AAUDIO_CHANNEL_LOW_FREQUENCY,
+    /**
+     * Supported for Input and Output
+     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_3POINT0POINT2 = AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT |
                                    AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT |
                                    AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER |
                                    AAUDIO_CHANNEL_TOP_SIDE_LEFT |
                                    AAUDIO_CHANNEL_TOP_SIDE_RIGHT,
+    /**
+     * Supported for Input and Output
+     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_3POINT1POINT2 = AAUDIO_CHANNEL_3POINT0POINT2 |
                                    AAUDIO_CHANNEL_LOW_FREQUENCY,
+    /**
+     * Supported for only Output
+     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_QUAD = AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT |
                           AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT |
                           AAUDIO_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT |
                           AAUDIO_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT,
+    /**
+     * Supported for only Output
+     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_QUAD_SIDE = AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT |
                                AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT |
                                AAUDIO_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT |
                                AAUDIO_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT,
+    /**
+     * Supported for only Output
+     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_SURROUND = AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT |
                               AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT |
                               AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER |
                               AAUDIO_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER,
+    /**
+     * Supported for only Output
+     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_PENTA = AAUDIO_CHANNEL_QUAD |
                            AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER,
-    // aka 5POINT1_BACK
+    /**
+     * Supported for Input and Output. aka 5POINT1_BACK
+     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_5POINT1 = AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT |
                              AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT |
                              AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER |
                              AAUDIO_CHANNEL_LOW_FREQUENCY |
                              AAUDIO_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT |
                              AAUDIO_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT,
+    /**
+     * Supported for only Output
+     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_5POINT1_SIDE = AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT |
                                   AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT |
                                   AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER |
                                   AAUDIO_CHANNEL_LOW_FREQUENCY |
                                   AAUDIO_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT |
                                   AAUDIO_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT,
+    /**
+     * Supported for only Output
+     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_6POINT1 = AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT |
                              AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT |
                              AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER |
@@ -724,32 +791,55 @@
                              AAUDIO_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT |
                              AAUDIO_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT |
                              AAUDIO_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER,
+    /**
+     * Supported for only Output
+     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_7POINT1 = AAUDIO_CHANNEL_5POINT1 |
                              AAUDIO_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT |
                              AAUDIO_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT,
+    /**
+     * Supported for only Output
+     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_5POINT1POINT2 = AAUDIO_CHANNEL_5POINT1 |
                                    AAUDIO_CHANNEL_TOP_SIDE_LEFT |
                                    AAUDIO_CHANNEL_TOP_SIDE_RIGHT,
+    /**
+     * Supported for only Output
+     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_5POINT1POINT4 = AAUDIO_CHANNEL_5POINT1 |
                                    AAUDIO_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_LEFT |
                                    AAUDIO_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT |
                                    AAUDIO_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_LEFT |
                                    AAUDIO_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_RIGHT,
+    /**
+     * Supported for only Output
+     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_7POINT1POINT2 = AAUDIO_CHANNEL_7POINT1 |
                                    AAUDIO_CHANNEL_TOP_SIDE_LEFT |
                                    AAUDIO_CHANNEL_TOP_SIDE_RIGHT,
+    /**
+     * Supported for only Output
+     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_7POINT1POINT4 = AAUDIO_CHANNEL_7POINT1 |
                                    AAUDIO_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_LEFT |
                                    AAUDIO_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT |
                                    AAUDIO_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_LEFT |
                                    AAUDIO_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_RIGHT,
+    /**
+     * Supported for only Output
+     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_9POINT1POINT4 = AAUDIO_CHANNEL_7POINT1POINT4 |
                                    AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_WIDE_LEFT |
                                    AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_WIDE_RIGHT,
+    /**
+     * Supported for only Output
+     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_9POINT1POINT6 = AAUDIO_CHANNEL_9POINT1POINT4 |
                                    AAUDIO_CHANNEL_TOP_SIDE_LEFT |
                                    AAUDIO_CHANNEL_TOP_SIDE_RIGHT,
-
+    /**
+     * Supported for only Input
+     */
     AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_BACK = AAUDIO_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER |
                                 AAUDIO_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER,
 };
@@ -1921,10 +2011,20 @@
         __INTRODUCED_IN(28);
 
 /**
- * Passes back the time at which a particular frame was presented.
+ * Returns the time at which a particular frame was played on a speaker or headset,
+ * or was recorded on a microphone.
+ *
  * This can be used to synchronize audio with video or MIDI.
  * It can also be used to align a recorded stream with a playback stream.
  *
+ * The framePosition is an index into the stream of audio data.
+ * The first frame played or recorded is at framePosition 0.
+ *
+ * These framePositions are the same units that you get from AAudioStream_getFramesRead()
+ * or AAudioStream_getFramesWritten().
+ * A "frame" is a set of audio sample values that are played simultaneously.
+ * For example, a stereo stream has two samples in a frame, left and right.
+ *
  * Timestamps are only valid when the stream is in {@link #AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_STARTED}.
  * {@link #AAUDIO_ERROR_INVALID_STATE} will be returned if the stream is not started.
  * Note that because requestStart() is asynchronous, timestamps will not be valid until
@@ -1940,8 +2040,8 @@
  *
  * @param stream reference provided by AAudioStreamBuilder_openStream()
  * @param clockid CLOCK_MONOTONIC or CLOCK_BOOTTIME
- * @param framePosition pointer to a variable to receive the position
- * @param timeNanoseconds pointer to a variable to receive the time
+ * @param[out] framePosition pointer to a variable to receive the position
+ * @param[out] timeNanoseconds pointer to a variable to receive the time
  * @return {@link #AAUDIO_OK} or a negative error
  */
 AAUDIO_API aaudio_result_t AAudioStream_getTimestamp(AAudioStream* _Nonnull stream,
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/include/aaudio/AAudioTesting.h b/media/libaaudio/include/aaudio/AAudioTesting.h
index 01d97b6..d67ec70 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/include/aaudio/AAudioTesting.h
+++ b/media/libaaudio/include/aaudio/AAudioTesting.h
@@ -49,12 +49,6 @@
 };
 typedef int32_t aaudio_policy_t;
 
-// Internal error codes. Only used by the framework.
-enum {
-    AAUDIO_INTERNAL_ERROR_BASE = -1000,
-    AAUDIO_ERROR_STANDBY,
-};
-
 /**
  * Control whether AAudioStreamBuilder_openStream() will use the new MMAP data path
  * or the older "Legacy" data path.
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/Android.bp b/media/libaaudio/src/Android.bp
index 7882951..fcb376c 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/Android.bp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/Android.bp
@@ -41,10 +41,10 @@
     "modernize-use-emplace",
     "modernize-use-equals-default",
     "modernize-use-equals-delete",
-    // "modernize-use-nodiscard", // found in aidl generated files
+    "modernize-use-nodiscard",
     "modernize-use-noexcept",
     "modernize-use-nullptr",
-    // "modernize-use-override", // found in aidl generated files
+    "modernize-use-override",
     // "modernize-use-trailing-return-type", // not necessarily more readable
     "modernize-use-transparent-functors",
     "modernize-use-uncaught-exceptions",
@@ -173,6 +173,7 @@
         "aaudio-aidl-cpp",
         "audioclient-types-aidl-cpp",
         "libaudioclient_aidl_conversion",
+        "com.android.media.aaudio-aconfig-cc",
     ],
 
     cflags: [
@@ -224,10 +225,12 @@
         "flowgraph/SinkI16.cpp",
         "flowgraph/SinkI24.cpp",
         "flowgraph/SinkI32.cpp",
+        "flowgraph/SinkI8_24.cpp",
         "flowgraph/SourceFloat.cpp",
         "flowgraph/SourceI16.cpp",
         "flowgraph/SourceI24.cpp",
         "flowgraph/SourceI32.cpp",
+        "flowgraph/SourceI8_24.cpp",
         "flowgraph/resampler/IntegerRatio.cpp",
         "flowgraph/resampler/LinearResampler.cpp",
         "flowgraph/resampler/MultiChannelResampler.cpp",
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/binding/AAudioBinderClient.h b/media/libaaudio/src/binding/AAudioBinderClient.h
index 8faf6e8..66d3295 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/binding/AAudioBinderClient.h
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/binding/AAudioBinderClient.h
@@ -203,12 +203,12 @@
 
 private:
     android::Mutex                          mServiceLock;
-    std::shared_ptr<AAudioServiceInterface> mAdapter;
+    std::shared_ptr<AAudioServiceInterface> mAdapter PT_GUARDED_BY(mServiceLock);
     android::sp<AAudioClient>               mAAudioClient;
 
-    std::shared_ptr<AAudioServiceInterface> getAAudioService();
+    std::shared_ptr<AAudioServiceInterface> getAAudioService() EXCLUDES(mServiceLock);
 
-    void dropAAudioService();
+    void dropAAudioService() EXCLUDES(mServiceLock);
 
 };
 
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/binding/AudioEndpointParcelable.h b/media/libaaudio/src/binding/AudioEndpointParcelable.h
index 722dd14..12cc42e 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/binding/AudioEndpointParcelable.h
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/binding/AudioEndpointParcelable.h
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
     int32_t addFileDescriptor(const android::base::unique_fd& fd, int32_t sizeInBytes);
 
     /**
-     * Close current data file descriptor. The duplicated file descriptor will be close.
+     * Close current data file descriptor. The duplicated file descriptor will be closed.
      */
     void closeDataFileDescriptor();
 
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AAudioFlowGraph.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AAudioFlowGraph.cpp
index 5444565..14e2007 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AAudioFlowGraph.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AAudioFlowGraph.cpp
@@ -30,27 +30,32 @@
 #include <flowgraph/SinkI16.h>
 #include <flowgraph/SinkI24.h>
 #include <flowgraph/SinkI32.h>
+#include <flowgraph/SinkI8_24.h>
 #include <flowgraph/SourceFloat.h>
 #include <flowgraph/SourceI16.h>
 #include <flowgraph/SourceI24.h>
 #include <flowgraph/SourceI32.h>
+#include <flowgraph/SourceI8_24.h>
 
 using namespace FLOWGRAPH_OUTER_NAMESPACE::flowgraph;
 
 aaudio_result_t AAudioFlowGraph::configure(audio_format_t sourceFormat,
                           int32_t sourceChannelCount,
+                          int32_t sourceSampleRate,
                           audio_format_t sinkFormat,
                           int32_t sinkChannelCount,
+                          int32_t sinkSampleRate,
                           bool useMonoBlend,
+                          bool useVolumeRamps,
                           float audioBalance,
-                          bool isExclusive) {
+                          aaudio::resampler::MultiChannelResampler::Quality resamplerQuality) {
     FlowGraphPortFloatOutput *lastOutput = nullptr;
 
-    // TODO change back to ALOGD
-    ALOGI("%s() source format = 0x%08x, channels = %d, sink format = 0x%08x, channels = %d, "
-          "useMonoBlend = %d, audioBalance = %f, isExclusive %d",
-          __func__, sourceFormat, sourceChannelCount, sinkFormat, sinkChannelCount,
-          useMonoBlend, audioBalance, isExclusive);
+    ALOGD("%s() source format = 0x%08x, channels = %d, sample rate = %d, "
+          "sink format = 0x%08x, channels = %d, sample rate = %d, "
+          "useMonoBlend = %d, audioBalance = %f, useVolumeRamps %d",
+          __func__, sourceFormat, sourceChannelCount, sourceSampleRate, sinkFormat,
+          sinkChannelCount, sinkSampleRate, useMonoBlend, audioBalance, useVolumeRamps);
 
     switch (sourceFormat) {
         case AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_FLOAT:
@@ -65,6 +70,9 @@
         case AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_32_BIT:
             mSource = std::make_unique<SourceI32>(sourceChannelCount);
             break;
+        case AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_8_24_BIT:
+            mSource = std::make_unique<SourceI8_24>(sourceChannelCount);
+            break;
         default:
             ALOGE("%s() Unsupported source format = %d", __func__, sourceFormat);
             return AAUDIO_ERROR_UNIMPLEMENTED;
@@ -85,6 +93,15 @@
         lastOutput = &mLimiter->output;
     }
 
+    if (sourceSampleRate != sinkSampleRate) {
+        mResampler.reset(aaudio::resampler::MultiChannelResampler::make(sourceChannelCount,
+                sourceSampleRate, sinkSampleRate, resamplerQuality));
+        mRateConverter = std::make_unique<SampleRateConverter>(sourceChannelCount,
+                                                               *mResampler);
+        lastOutput->connect(&mRateConverter->input);
+        lastOutput = &mRateConverter->output;
+    }
+
     // Expand the number of channels if required.
     if (sourceChannelCount == 1 && sinkChannelCount > 1) {
         mChannelConverter = std::make_unique<MonoToMultiConverter>(sinkChannelCount);
@@ -95,8 +112,7 @@
         return AAUDIO_ERROR_UNIMPLEMENTED;
     }
 
-    // Apply volume ramps for only exclusive streams.
-    if (isExclusive) {
+    if (useVolumeRamps) {
         // Apply volume ramps to set the left/right audio balance and target volumes.
         // The signals will be decoupled, volume ramps will be applied, before the signals are
         // combined again.
@@ -128,6 +144,9 @@
         case AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_32_BIT:
             mSink = std::make_unique<SinkI32>(sinkChannelCount);
             break;
+        case AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_8_24_BIT:
+            mSink = std::make_unique<SinkI8_24>(sinkChannelCount);
+            break;
         default:
             ALOGE("%s() Unsupported sink format = %d", __func__, sinkFormat);
             return AAUDIO_ERROR_UNIMPLEMENTED;
@@ -137,9 +156,14 @@
     return AAUDIO_OK;
 }
 
-void AAudioFlowGraph::process(const void *source, void *destination, int32_t numFrames) {
-    mSource->setData(source, numFrames);
-    mSink->read(destination, numFrames);
+int32_t AAudioFlowGraph::pull(void *destination, int32_t targetFramesToRead) {
+    return mSink->read(destination, targetFramesToRead);
+}
+
+int32_t AAudioFlowGraph::process(const void *source, int32_t numFramesToWrite, void *destination,
+                    int32_t targetFramesToRead) {
+    mSource->setData(source, numFramesToWrite);
+    return mSink->read(destination, targetFramesToRead);
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AAudioFlowGraph.h b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AAudioFlowGraph.h
index 35fef37..0c55fca 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AAudioFlowGraph.h
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AAudioFlowGraph.h
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include <flowgraph/MonoToMultiConverter.h>
 #include <flowgraph/MultiToManyConverter.h>
 #include <flowgraph/RampLinear.h>
+#include <flowgraph/SampleRateConverter.h>
 
 class AAudioFlowGraph {
 public:
@@ -38,23 +39,63 @@
      *
      * @param sourceFormat
      * @param sourceChannelCount
+     * @param sourceSampleRate
      * @param sinkFormat
      * @param sinkChannelCount
+     * @param sinkSampleRate
      * @param useMonoBlend
+     * @param useVolumeRamps
      * @param audioBalance
-     * @param channelMask
-     * @param isExclusive
+     * @param resamplerQuality
      * @return
      */
     aaudio_result_t configure(audio_format_t sourceFormat,
                               int32_t sourceChannelCount,
+                              int32_t sourceSampleRate,
                               audio_format_t sinkFormat,
                               int32_t sinkChannelCount,
+                              int32_t sinkSampleRate,
                               bool useMonoBlend,
+                              bool useVolumeRamps,
                               float audioBalance,
-                              bool isExclusive);
+                              aaudio::resampler::MultiChannelResampler::Quality resamplerQuality);
 
-    void process(const void *source, void *destination, int32_t numFrames);
+    /**
+     * Attempt to read targetFramesToRead from the flowgraph.
+     * This function returns the number of frames actually read.
+     *
+     * This function does nothing if process() was not called before.
+     *
+     * @param destination
+     * @param targetFramesToRead
+     * @return numFramesRead
+     */
+    int32_t pull(void *destination, int32_t targetFramesToRead);
+
+    // Reset the entire graph so that volume ramps start at their
+    // target value and sample rate converters start with no phase offset.
+    void reset() {
+        mSink->pullReset();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set numFramesToWrite frames from the source into the flowgraph.
+     * Then, attempt to read targetFramesToRead from the flowgraph.
+     * This function returns the number of frames actually read.
+     *
+     * There may be data still in the flowgraph if targetFramesToRead is not large enough.
+     * Before calling process() again, pull() must be called until until all the data is consumed.
+     *
+     * TODO: b/289510598 - Calculate the exact number of input frames needed for Y output frames.
+     *
+     * @param source
+     * @param numFramesToWrite
+     * @param destination
+     * @param targetFramesToRead
+     * @return numFramesRead
+     */
+    int32_t process(const void *source, int32_t numFramesToWrite, void *destination,
+                    int32_t targetFramesToRead);
 
     /**
      * @param volume between 0.0 and 1.0
@@ -73,6 +114,8 @@
 
 private:
     std::unique_ptr<FLOWGRAPH_OUTER_NAMESPACE::flowgraph::FlowGraphSourceBuffered> mSource;
+    std::unique_ptr<RESAMPLER_OUTER_NAMESPACE::resampler::MultiChannelResampler> mResampler;
+    std::unique_ptr<FLOWGRAPH_OUTER_NAMESPACE::flowgraph::SampleRateConverter> mRateConverter;
     std::unique_ptr<FLOWGRAPH_OUTER_NAMESPACE::flowgraph::MonoBlend> mMonoBlend;
     std::unique_ptr<FLOWGRAPH_OUTER_NAMESPACE::flowgraph::Limiter> mLimiter;
     std::unique_ptr<FLOWGRAPH_OUTER_NAMESPACE::flowgraph::MonoToMultiConverter> mChannelConverter;
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioEndpoint.h b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioEndpoint.h
index 01dd05a..b117572 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioEndpoint.h
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioEndpoint.h
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
      */
     void eraseDataMemory();
 
-    void freeDataQueue();
+    void freeDataQueue() { mDataQueue.reset(); }
 
     void dump() const;
 
@@ -117,8 +117,6 @@
     bool                    mFreeRunning{false};
     android::fifo_counter_t mDataReadCounter{0}; // only used if free-running
     android::fifo_counter_t mDataWriteCounter{0}; // only used if free-running
-
-    std::mutex mDataQueueLock;
 };
 
 } // namespace aaudio
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternal.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternal.cpp
index 84c715f..7648e25 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternal.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternal.cpp
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 #include "fifo/FifoBuffer.h"
 #include "utility/AudioClock.h"
 #include <media/AidlConversion.h>
+#include <com_android_media_aaudio.h>
 
 #include "AudioStreamInternal.h"
 
@@ -63,6 +64,9 @@
 
 #define LOG_TIMESTAMPS            0
 
+// Minimum number of bursts to use when sample rate conversion is used.
+#define MIN_SAMPLE_RATE_CONVERSION_NUM_BURSTS    3
+
 AudioStreamInternal::AudioStreamInternal(AAudioServiceInterface  &serviceInterface, bool inService)
         : AudioStream()
         , mClockModel()
@@ -132,12 +136,6 @@
 
     request.getConfiguration().setBufferCapacity(builder.getBufferCapacity());
 
-    request.getConfiguration().setHardwareSamplesPerFrame(builder.getHardwareSamplesPerFrame());
-    request.getConfiguration().setHardwareSampleRate(builder.getHardwareSampleRate());
-    request.getConfiguration().setHardwareFormat(builder.getHardwareFormat());
-
-    mDeviceChannelCount = getSamplesPerFrame(); // Assume it will be the same. Update if not.
-
     mServiceStreamHandleInfo = mServiceInterface.openStream(request, configurationOutput);
     if (getServiceHandle() < 0
             && (request.getConfiguration().getSamplesPerFrame() == 1
@@ -181,9 +179,6 @@
         setChannelMask(configurationOutput.getChannelMask());
     }
 
-    mDeviceChannelCount = configurationOutput.getSamplesPerFrame();
-
-    setSampleRate(configurationOutput.getSampleRate());
     setDeviceId(configurationOutput.getDeviceId());
     setSessionId(configurationOutput.getSessionId());
     setSharingMode(configurationOutput.getSharingMode());
@@ -194,8 +189,24 @@
     setIsContentSpatialized(configurationOutput.isContentSpatialized());
     setInputPreset(configurationOutput.getInputPreset());
 
+    setDeviceSampleRate(configurationOutput.getSampleRate());
+
+    if (getSampleRate() == AAUDIO_UNSPECIFIED) {
+        setSampleRate(configurationOutput.getSampleRate());
+    }
+
+    if (!com::android::media::aaudio::sample_rate_conversion()) {
+        if (getSampleRate() != getDeviceSampleRate()) {
+            ALOGD("%s - skipping sample rate converter. SR = %d, Device SR = %d", __func__,
+                    getSampleRate(), getDeviceSampleRate());
+            result = AAUDIO_ERROR_INVALID_RATE;
+            goto error;
+        }
+    }
+
     // Save device format so we can do format conversion and volume scaling together.
     setDeviceFormat(configurationOutput.getFormat());
+    setDeviceSamplesPerFrame(configurationOutput.getSamplesPerFrame());
 
     setHardwareSamplesPerFrame(configurationOutput.getHardwareSamplesPerFrame());
     setHardwareSampleRate(configurationOutput.getHardwareSampleRate());
@@ -233,39 +244,50 @@
 }
 
 aaudio_result_t AudioStreamInternal::configureDataInformation(int32_t callbackFrames) {
-    int32_t framesPerHardwareBurst = mEndpointDescriptor.dataQueueDescriptor.framesPerBurst;
+    int32_t originalFramesPerBurst = mEndpointDescriptor.dataQueueDescriptor.framesPerBurst;
+    int32_t deviceFramesPerBurst = originalFramesPerBurst;
 
     // Scale up the burst size to meet the minimum equivalent in microseconds.
     // This is to avoid waking the CPU too often when the HW burst is very small
-    // or at high sample rates.
-    int32_t framesPerBurst = framesPerHardwareBurst;
+    // or at high sample rates. The actual number of frames that we call back to
+    // the app with will be 0 < N <= framesPerBurst so round up the division.
     int32_t burstMicros = 0;
     const int32_t burstMinMicros = android::AudioSystem::getAAudioHardwareBurstMinUsec();
     do {
         if (burstMicros > 0) {  // skip first loop
-            framesPerBurst *= 2;
+            deviceFramesPerBurst *= 2;
         }
-        burstMicros = framesPerBurst * static_cast<int64_t>(1000000) / getSampleRate();
+        burstMicros = deviceFramesPerBurst * static_cast<int64_t>(1000000) / getDeviceSampleRate();
     } while (burstMicros < burstMinMicros);
     ALOGD("%s() original HW burst = %d, minMicros = %d => SW burst = %d\n",
-          __func__, framesPerHardwareBurst, burstMinMicros, framesPerBurst);
+          __func__, originalFramesPerBurst, burstMinMicros, deviceFramesPerBurst);
 
     // Validate final burst size.
-    if (framesPerBurst < MIN_FRAMES_PER_BURST || framesPerBurst > MAX_FRAMES_PER_BURST) {
-        ALOGE("%s - framesPerBurst out of range = %d", __func__, framesPerBurst);
+    if (deviceFramesPerBurst < MIN_FRAMES_PER_BURST
+            || deviceFramesPerBurst > MAX_FRAMES_PER_BURST) {
+        ALOGE("%s - deviceFramesPerBurst out of range = %d", __func__, deviceFramesPerBurst);
         return AAUDIO_ERROR_OUT_OF_RANGE;
     }
+
+    // Calculate the application framesPerBurst from the deviceFramesPerBurst
+    int32_t framesPerBurst = (static_cast<int64_t>(deviceFramesPerBurst) * getSampleRate() +
+             getDeviceSampleRate() - 1) / getDeviceSampleRate();
+
+    setDeviceFramesPerBurst(deviceFramesPerBurst);
     setFramesPerBurst(framesPerBurst); // only save good value
 
-    mBufferCapacityInFrames = mEndpointDescriptor.dataQueueDescriptor.capacityInFrames;
+    mDeviceBufferCapacityInFrames = mEndpointDescriptor.dataQueueDescriptor.capacityInFrames;
+
+    mBufferCapacityInFrames = static_cast<int64_t>(mDeviceBufferCapacityInFrames)
+            * getSampleRate() / getDeviceSampleRate();
     if (mBufferCapacityInFrames < getFramesPerBurst()
             || mBufferCapacityInFrames > MAX_BUFFER_CAPACITY_IN_FRAMES) {
         ALOGE("%s - bufferCapacity out of range = %d", __func__, mBufferCapacityInFrames);
         return AAUDIO_ERROR_OUT_OF_RANGE;
     }
 
-    mClockModel.setSampleRate(getSampleRate());
-    mClockModel.setFramesPerBurst(framesPerHardwareBurst);
+    mClockModel.setSampleRate(getDeviceSampleRate());
+    mClockModel.setFramesPerBurst(deviceFramesPerBurst);
 
     if (isDataCallbackSet()) {
         mCallbackFrames = callbackFrames;
@@ -315,7 +337,8 @@
         mTimeOffsetNanos = offsetMicros * AAUDIO_NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND;
     }
 
-    setBufferSize(mBufferCapacityInFrames / 2); // Default buffer size to match Q
+    // Default buffer size to match Q
+    setBufferSize(mBufferCapacityInFrames / 2);
     return AAUDIO_OK;
 }
 
@@ -374,9 +397,15 @@
     // Cache the buffer size which may be from client.
     const int32_t previousBufferSize = mBufferSizeInFrames;
     // Copy all available data from current data queue.
-    uint8_t buffer[getBufferCapacity() * getBytesPerFrame()];
-    android::fifo_frames_t fullFramesAvailable =
-            mAudioEndpoint->read(buffer, getBufferCapacity());
+    uint8_t buffer[getDeviceBufferCapacity() * getBytesPerFrame()];
+    android::fifo_frames_t fullFramesAvailable = mAudioEndpoint->read(buffer,
+            getDeviceBufferCapacity());
+    // Before releasing the data queue, update the frames read and written.
+    getFramesRead();
+    getFramesWritten();
+    // Call freeDataQueue() here because the following call to
+    // closeDataFileDescriptor() will invalidate the pointers used by the data queue.
+    mAudioEndpoint->freeDataQueue();
     mEndPointParcelable.closeDataFileDescriptor();
     aaudio_result_t result = mServiceInterface.exitStandby(
             mServiceStreamHandleInfo, endpointParcelable);
@@ -408,7 +437,7 @@
         goto exit;
     }
     // Write data from previous data buffer to new endpoint.
-    if (android::fifo_frames_t framesWritten =
+    if (const android::fifo_frames_t framesWritten =
                 mAudioEndpoint->write(buffer, fullFramesAvailable);
             framesWritten != fullFramesAvailable) {
         ALOGW("Some data lost after exiting standby, frames written: %d, "
@@ -448,7 +477,7 @@
         ALOGD("requestStart() but DISCONNECTED");
         return AAUDIO_ERROR_DISCONNECTED;
     }
-    aaudio_stream_state_t originalState = getState();
+    const aaudio_stream_state_t originalState = getState();
     setState(AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_STARTING);
 
     // Clear any stale timestamps from the previous run.
@@ -605,7 +634,11 @@
     // Generated in server and passed to client. Return latest.
     if (mAtomicInternalTimestamp.isValid()) {
         Timestamp timestamp = mAtomicInternalTimestamp.read();
-        int64_t position = timestamp.getPosition() + mFramesOffsetFromService;
+        // This should not overflow as timestamp.getPosition() should be a position in a buffer and
+        // not the actual timestamp. timestamp.getNanoseconds() below uses the actual timestamp.
+        // At 48000 Hz we can run for over 100 years before overflowing the int64_t.
+        int64_t position = (timestamp.getPosition() + mFramesOffsetFromService) * getSampleRate() /
+                getDeviceSampleRate();
         if (position >= 0) {
             *framePosition = position;
             *timeNanoseconds = timestamp.getNanoseconds();
@@ -876,44 +909,47 @@
 }
 
 aaudio_result_t AudioStreamInternal::setBufferSize(int32_t requestedFrames) {
-    int32_t adjustedFrames = requestedFrames;
     const int32_t maximumSize = getBufferCapacity() - getFramesPerBurst();
-    // Minimum size should be a multiple number of bursts.
-    const int32_t minimumSize = 1 * getFramesPerBurst();
+    int32_t adjustedFrames = std::min(requestedFrames, maximumSize);
+    // Buffer sizes should always be a multiple of framesPerBurst.
+    int32_t numBursts = (static_cast<int64_t>(adjustedFrames) + getFramesPerBurst() - 1) /
+        getFramesPerBurst();
 
-    // Clip to minimum size so that rounding up will work better.
-    adjustedFrames = std::max(minimumSize, adjustedFrames);
+    // Use at least one burst
+    if (numBursts == 0) {
+        numBursts = 1;
+    }
 
-    // Prevent arithmetic overflow by clipping before we round.
-    if (adjustedFrames >= maximumSize) {
-        adjustedFrames = maximumSize;
-    } else {
-        // Round to the next highest burst size.
-        int32_t numBursts = (adjustedFrames + getFramesPerBurst() - 1) / getFramesPerBurst();
-        adjustedFrames = numBursts * getFramesPerBurst();
-        // Clip just in case maximumSize is not a multiple of getFramesPerBurst().
-        adjustedFrames = std::min(maximumSize, adjustedFrames);
+    // Set a minimum number of bursts if sample rate conversion is used.
+    if ((getSampleRate() != getDeviceSampleRate()) &&
+            (numBursts < MIN_SAMPLE_RATE_CONVERSION_NUM_BURSTS)) {
+        numBursts = MIN_SAMPLE_RATE_CONVERSION_NUM_BURSTS;
     }
 
     if (mAudioEndpoint) {
         // Clip against the actual size from the endpoint.
-        int32_t actualFrames = 0;
+        int32_t actualFramesDevice = 0;
+        int32_t maximumFramesDevice = getDeviceBufferCapacity() - getDeviceFramesPerBurst();
         // Set to maximum size so we can write extra data when ready in order to reduce glitches.
         // The amount we keep in the buffer is controlled by mBufferSizeInFrames.
-        mAudioEndpoint->setBufferSizeInFrames(maximumSize, &actualFrames);
-        // actualFrames should be <= actual maximum size of endpoint
-        adjustedFrames = std::min(actualFrames, adjustedFrames);
+        mAudioEndpoint->setBufferSizeInFrames(maximumFramesDevice, &actualFramesDevice);
+        int32_t actualNumBursts = actualFramesDevice / getDeviceFramesPerBurst();
+        numBursts = std::min(numBursts, actualNumBursts);
     }
 
-    if (adjustedFrames != mBufferSizeInFrames) {
+    const int32_t bufferSizeInFrames = numBursts * getFramesPerBurst();
+    const int32_t deviceBufferSizeInFrames = numBursts * getDeviceFramesPerBurst();
+
+    if (deviceBufferSizeInFrames != mDeviceBufferSizeInFrames) {
         android::mediametrics::LogItem(mMetricsId)
                 .set(AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_EVENT, AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_EVENT_VALUE_SETBUFFERSIZE)
-                .set(AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_BUFFERSIZEFRAMES, adjustedFrames)
+                .set(AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_BUFFERSIZEFRAMES, deviceBufferSizeInFrames)
                 .set(AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_UNDERRUN, (int32_t) getXRunCount())
                 .record();
     }
 
-    mBufferSizeInFrames = adjustedFrames;
+    mBufferSizeInFrames = bufferSizeInFrames;
+    mDeviceBufferSizeInFrames = deviceBufferSizeInFrames;
     ALOGV("%s(%d) returns %d", __func__, requestedFrames, adjustedFrames);
     return (aaudio_result_t) adjustedFrames;
 }
@@ -922,10 +958,18 @@
     return mBufferSizeInFrames;
 }
 
+int32_t AudioStreamInternal::getDeviceBufferSize() const {
+    return mDeviceBufferSizeInFrames;
+}
+
 int32_t AudioStreamInternal::getBufferCapacity() const {
     return mBufferCapacityInFrames;
 }
 
+int32_t AudioStreamInternal::getDeviceBufferCapacity() const {
+    return mDeviceBufferCapacityInFrames;
+}
+
 bool AudioStreamInternal::isClockModelInControl() const {
     return isActive() && mAudioEndpoint->isFreeRunning() && mClockModel.isRunning();
 }
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternal.h b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternal.h
index 9c06121..a5981b1 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternal.h
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternal.h
@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@
 
 #include "binding/AudioEndpointParcelable.h"
 #include "binding/AAudioServiceInterface.h"
-#include "client/IsochronousClockModel.h"
+#include "client/AAudioFlowGraph.h"
 #include "client/AudioEndpoint.h"
+#include "client/IsochronousClockModel.h"
 #include "core/AudioStream.h"
 #include "utility/AudioClock.h"
 
@@ -56,8 +57,12 @@
 
     int32_t getBufferSize() const override;
 
+    int32_t getDeviceBufferSize() const;
+
     int32_t getBufferCapacity() const override;
 
+    int32_t getDeviceBufferCapacity() const override;
+
     int32_t getXRunCount() const override {
         return mXRunCount;
     }
@@ -133,8 +138,6 @@
     // Calculate timeout for an operation involving framesPerOperation.
     int64_t calculateReasonableTimeout(int32_t framesPerOperation);
 
-    int32_t getDeviceChannelCount() const { return mDeviceChannelCount; }
-
     /**
      * @return true if running in audio service, versus in app process
      */
@@ -177,6 +180,8 @@
     int64_t                  mLastFramesWritten = 0;
     int64_t                  mLastFramesRead = 0;
 
+    AAudioFlowGraph          mFlowGraph;
+
 private:
     /*
      * Asynchronous write with data conversion.
@@ -206,13 +211,10 @@
 
     int64_t                  mServiceLatencyNanos = 0;
 
-    // Sometimes the hardware is operating with a different channel count from the app.
-    // Then we require conversion in AAudio.
-    int32_t                  mDeviceChannelCount = 0;
-
     int32_t                  mBufferSizeInFrames = 0; // local threshold to control latency
+    int32_t                  mDeviceBufferSizeInFrames = 0;
     int32_t                  mBufferCapacityInFrames = 0;
-
+    int32_t                  mDeviceBufferCapacityInFrames = 0;
 
 };
 
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternalCapture.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternalCapture.cpp
index f5cc2be..68c9156 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternalCapture.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternalCapture.cpp
@@ -47,6 +47,27 @@
 
 }
 
+aaudio_result_t AudioStreamInternalCapture::open(const AudioStreamBuilder &builder) {
+    aaudio_result_t result = AudioStreamInternal::open(builder);
+    if (result == AAUDIO_OK) {
+        result = mFlowGraph.configure(getDeviceFormat(),
+                             getDeviceSamplesPerFrame(),
+                             getDeviceSampleRate(),
+                             getFormat(),
+                             getSamplesPerFrame(),
+                             getSampleRate(),
+                             getRequireMonoBlend(),
+                             false /* useVolumeRamps */,
+                             getAudioBalance(),
+                             aaudio::resampler::MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Medium);
+
+        if (result != AAUDIO_OK) {
+            safeReleaseClose();
+        }
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
 void AudioStreamInternalCapture::advanceClientToMatchServerPosition(int32_t serverMargin) {
     int64_t readCounter = mAudioEndpoint->getDataReadCounter();
     int64_t writeCounter = mAudioEndpoint->getDataWriteCounter() + serverMargin;
@@ -149,7 +170,8 @@
                 // Calculate frame position based off of the readCounter because
                 // the writeCounter might have just advanced in the background,
                 // causing us to sleep until a later burst.
-                int64_t nextPosition = mAudioEndpoint->getDataReadCounter() + getFramesPerBurst();
+                const int64_t nextPosition = mAudioEndpoint->getDataReadCounter() +
+                        getDeviceFramesPerBurst();
                 wakeTime = mClockModel.convertPositionToLatestTime(nextPosition);
             }
                 break;
@@ -166,42 +188,75 @@
 
 aaudio_result_t AudioStreamInternalCapture::readNowWithConversion(void *buffer,
                                                                 int32_t numFrames) {
-    // ALOGD("readNowWithConversion(%p, %d)",
-    //              buffer, numFrames);
     WrappingBuffer wrappingBuffer;
-    uint8_t *destination = (uint8_t *) buffer;
-    int32_t framesLeft = numFrames;
+    uint8_t *byteBuffer = (uint8_t *) buffer;
+    int32_t framesLeftInByteBuffer = numFrames;
+
+    if (framesLeftInByteBuffer > 0) {
+        // Pull data from the flowgraph in case there is residual data.
+        const int32_t framesActuallyWrittenToByteBuffer = mFlowGraph.pull(
+                (void *)byteBuffer,
+                framesLeftInByteBuffer);
+
+        const int32_t numBytesActuallyWrittenToByteBuffer =
+                framesActuallyWrittenToByteBuffer * getBytesPerFrame();
+        byteBuffer += numBytesActuallyWrittenToByteBuffer;
+        framesLeftInByteBuffer -= framesActuallyWrittenToByteBuffer;
+    }
 
     mAudioEndpoint->getFullFramesAvailable(&wrappingBuffer);
 
-    // Read data in one or two parts.
-    for (int partIndex = 0; framesLeft > 0 && partIndex < WrappingBuffer::SIZE; partIndex++) {
-        int32_t framesToProcess = framesLeft;
-        const int32_t framesAvailable = wrappingBuffer.numFrames[partIndex];
-        if (framesAvailable <= 0) break;
+    // Write data in one or two parts.
+    int partIndex = 0;
+    int framesReadFromAudioEndpoint = 0;
+    while (framesLeftInByteBuffer > 0 && partIndex < WrappingBuffer::SIZE) {
+        const int32_t totalFramesInWrappingBuffer = wrappingBuffer.numFrames[partIndex];
+        int32_t framesAvailableInWrappingBuffer = totalFramesInWrappingBuffer;
+        uint8_t *currentWrappingBuffer = (uint8_t *) wrappingBuffer.data[partIndex];
 
-        if (framesToProcess > framesAvailable) {
-            framesToProcess = framesAvailable;
+        if (framesAvailableInWrappingBuffer <= 0) break;
+
+        // Put data from the wrapping buffer into the flowgraph 8 frames at a time.
+        // Continuously pull as much data as possible from the flowgraph into the byte buffer.
+        // The return value of mFlowGraph.process is the number of frames actually pulled.
+        while (framesAvailableInWrappingBuffer > 0 && framesLeftInByteBuffer > 0) {
+            const int32_t framesToReadFromWrappingBuffer = std::min(flowgraph::kDefaultBufferSize,
+                    framesAvailableInWrappingBuffer);
+
+            const int32_t numBytesToReadFromWrappingBuffer = getBytesPerDeviceFrame() *
+                    framesToReadFromWrappingBuffer;
+
+            // If framesActuallyWrittenToByteBuffer < framesLeftInByteBuffer, it is guaranteed
+            // that all the data is pulled. If there is no more space in the byteBuffer, the
+            // remaining data will be pulled in the following readNowWithConversion().
+            const int32_t framesActuallyWrittenToByteBuffer = mFlowGraph.process(
+                    (void *)currentWrappingBuffer,
+                    framesToReadFromWrappingBuffer,
+                    (void *)byteBuffer,
+                    framesLeftInByteBuffer);
+
+            const int32_t numBytesActuallyWrittenToByteBuffer =
+                    framesActuallyWrittenToByteBuffer * getBytesPerFrame();
+            byteBuffer += numBytesActuallyWrittenToByteBuffer;
+            framesLeftInByteBuffer -= framesActuallyWrittenToByteBuffer;
+            currentWrappingBuffer += numBytesToReadFromWrappingBuffer;
+            framesAvailableInWrappingBuffer -= framesToReadFromWrappingBuffer;
+
+            //ALOGD("%s() numBytesActuallyWrittenToByteBuffer %d, framesLeftInByteBuffer %d"
+            //      "framesAvailableInWrappingBuffer %d, framesReadFromAudioEndpoint %d"
+            //      , __func__, numBytesActuallyWrittenToByteBuffer, framesLeftInByteBuffer,
+            //      framesAvailableInWrappingBuffer, framesReadFromAudioEndpoint);
         }
-
-        const int32_t numBytes = getBytesPerFrame() * framesToProcess;
-        const int32_t numSamples = framesToProcess * getSamplesPerFrame();
-
-        const audio_format_t sourceFormat = getDeviceFormat();
-        const audio_format_t destinationFormat = getFormat();
-
-        memcpy_by_audio_format(destination, destinationFormat,
-                wrappingBuffer.data[partIndex], sourceFormat, numSamples);
-
-        destination += numBytes;
-        framesLeft -= framesToProcess;
+        framesReadFromAudioEndpoint += totalFramesInWrappingBuffer -
+                framesAvailableInWrappingBuffer;
+        partIndex++;
     }
 
-    int32_t framesProcessed = numFrames - framesLeft;
-    mAudioEndpoint->advanceReadIndex(framesProcessed);
+    // The audio endpoint should reference the number of frames written to the wrapping buffer.
+    mAudioEndpoint->advanceReadIndex(framesReadFromAudioEndpoint);
 
-    //ALOGD("readNowWithConversion() returns %d", framesProcessed);
-    return framesProcessed;
+    // The internal code should use the number of frames read from the app.
+    return numFrames - framesLeftInByteBuffer;
 }
 
 int64_t AudioStreamInternalCapture::getFramesWritten() {
@@ -218,7 +273,8 @@
 
 int64_t AudioStreamInternalCapture::getFramesRead() {
     if (mAudioEndpoint) {
-        mLastFramesRead = mAudioEndpoint->getDataReadCounter() + mFramesOffsetFromService;
+        mLastFramesRead = std::max(mLastFramesRead,
+                                   mAudioEndpoint->getDataReadCounter() + mFramesOffsetFromService);
     }
     return mLastFramesRead;
 }
@@ -240,8 +296,10 @@
         if ((result != mCallbackFrames)) {
             ALOGE("callbackLoop: read() returned %d", result);
             if (result >= 0) {
-                // Only read some of the frames requested. Must have timed out.
-                result = AAUDIO_ERROR_TIMEOUT;
+                // Only read some of the frames requested. The stream can be disconnected
+                // or timed out.
+                processCommands();
+                result = isDisconnected() ? AAUDIO_ERROR_DISCONNECTED : AAUDIO_ERROR_TIMEOUT;
             }
             maybeCallErrorCallback(result);
             break;
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternalCapture.h b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternalCapture.h
index 87017de..10e247d 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternalCapture.h
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternalCapture.h
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@
                                         bool inService = false);
     virtual ~AudioStreamInternalCapture() = default;
 
+    aaudio_result_t open(const AudioStreamBuilder &builder) override;
+
     aaudio_result_t read(void *buffer,
                          int32_t numFrames,
                          int64_t timeoutNanoseconds) override;
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternalPlay.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternalPlay.cpp
index 89dd8ff..5d4c3d4 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternalPlay.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternalPlay.cpp
@@ -48,14 +48,18 @@
 
 aaudio_result_t AudioStreamInternalPlay::open(const AudioStreamBuilder &builder) {
     aaudio_result_t result = AudioStreamInternal::open(builder);
+    const bool useVolumeRamps = (getSharingMode() == AAUDIO_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE);
     if (result == AAUDIO_OK) {
         result = mFlowGraph.configure(getFormat(),
                              getSamplesPerFrame(),
+                             getSampleRate(),
                              getDeviceFormat(),
-                             getDeviceChannelCount(),
+                             getDeviceSamplesPerFrame(),
+                             getDeviceSampleRate(),
                              getRequireMonoBlend(),
+                             useVolumeRamps,
                              getAudioBalance(),
-                             (getSharingMode() == AAUDIO_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE));
+                             aaudio::resampler::MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Medium);
 
         if (result != AAUDIO_OK) {
             safeReleaseClose();
@@ -96,6 +100,10 @@
 }
 
 void AudioStreamInternalPlay::prepareBuffersForStart() {
+    // Reset volume ramps to avoid a starting noise.
+    // This was called here instead of AudioStreamInternal so that
+    // it will be easier to backport.
+    mFlowGraph.reset();
     // Prevent stale data from being played.
     mAudioEndpoint->eraseDataMemory();
 }
@@ -186,7 +194,7 @@
     // Sleep if there is too much data in the buffer.
     // Calculate an ideal time to wake up.
     if (wakeTimePtr != nullptr
-            && (mAudioEndpoint->getFullFramesAvailable() >= getBufferSize())) {
+            && (mAudioEndpoint->getFullFramesAvailable() >= getDeviceBufferSize())) {
         // By default wake up a few milliseconds from now.  // TODO review
         int64_t wakeTime = currentNanoTime + (1 * AAUDIO_NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND);
         aaudio_stream_state_t state = getState();
@@ -206,12 +214,12 @@
                 // If the appBufferSize is smaller than the endpointBufferSize then
                 // we will have room to write data beyond the appBufferSize.
                 // That is a technique used to reduce glitches without adding latency.
-                const int32_t appBufferSize = getBufferSize();
+                const int64_t appBufferSize = getDeviceBufferSize();
                 // The endpoint buffer size is set to the maximum that can be written.
                 // If we use it then we must carve out some room to write data when we wake up.
-                const int32_t endBufferSize = mAudioEndpoint->getBufferSizeInFrames()
-                        - getFramesPerBurst();
-                const int32_t bestBufferSize = std::min(appBufferSize, endBufferSize);
+                const int64_t endBufferSize = mAudioEndpoint->getBufferSizeInFrames()
+                        - getDeviceFramesPerBurst();
+                const int64_t bestBufferSize = std::min(appBufferSize, endBufferSize);
                 int64_t targetReadPosition = mAudioEndpoint->getDataWriteCounter() - bestBufferSize;
                 wakeTime = mClockModel.convertPositionToTime(targetReadPosition);
             }
@@ -232,37 +240,84 @@
                                                             int32_t numFrames) {
     WrappingBuffer wrappingBuffer;
     uint8_t *byteBuffer = (uint8_t *) buffer;
-    int32_t framesLeft = numFrames;
+    int32_t framesLeftInByteBuffer = numFrames;
 
     mAudioEndpoint->getEmptyFramesAvailable(&wrappingBuffer);
 
     // Write data in one or two parts.
     int partIndex = 0;
-    while (framesLeft > 0 && partIndex < WrappingBuffer::SIZE) {
-        int32_t framesToWrite = framesLeft;
-        int32_t framesAvailable = wrappingBuffer.numFrames[partIndex];
-        if (framesAvailable > 0) {
-            if (framesToWrite > framesAvailable) {
-                framesToWrite = framesAvailable;
-            }
+    int framesWrittenToAudioEndpoint = 0;
+    while (framesLeftInByteBuffer > 0 && partIndex < WrappingBuffer::SIZE) {
+        int32_t framesAvailableInWrappingBuffer = wrappingBuffer.numFrames[partIndex];
+        uint8_t *currentWrappingBuffer = (uint8_t *) wrappingBuffer.data[partIndex];
 
-            int32_t numBytes = getBytesPerFrame() * framesToWrite;
+        if (framesAvailableInWrappingBuffer > 0) {
+            // Pull data from the flowgraph in case there is residual data.
+            const int32_t framesActuallyWrittenToWrappingBuffer = mFlowGraph.pull(
+                (void*) currentWrappingBuffer,
+                framesAvailableInWrappingBuffer);
 
-            mFlowGraph.process((void *)byteBuffer,
-                               wrappingBuffer.data[partIndex],
-                               framesToWrite);
-
-            byteBuffer += numBytes;
-            framesLeft -= framesToWrite;
+            const int32_t numBytesActuallyWrittenToWrappingBuffer =
+                framesActuallyWrittenToWrappingBuffer * getBytesPerDeviceFrame();
+            currentWrappingBuffer += numBytesActuallyWrittenToWrappingBuffer;
+            framesAvailableInWrappingBuffer -= framesActuallyWrittenToWrappingBuffer;
+            framesWrittenToAudioEndpoint += framesActuallyWrittenToWrappingBuffer;
         } else {
             break;
         }
+
+        // Put data from byteBuffer into the flowgraph one buffer (8 frames) at a time.
+        // Continuously pull as much data as possible from the flowgraph into the wrapping buffer.
+        // The return value of mFlowGraph.process is the number of frames actually pulled.
+        while (framesAvailableInWrappingBuffer > 0 && framesLeftInByteBuffer > 0) {
+            int32_t framesToWriteFromByteBuffer = std::min(flowgraph::kDefaultBufferSize,
+                    framesLeftInByteBuffer);
+            // If the wrapping buffer is running low, write one frame at a time.
+            if (framesAvailableInWrappingBuffer < flowgraph::kDefaultBufferSize) {
+                framesToWriteFromByteBuffer = 1;
+            }
+
+            const int32_t numBytesToWriteFromByteBuffer = getBytesPerFrame() *
+                    framesToWriteFromByteBuffer;
+
+            //ALOGD("%s() framesLeftInByteBuffer %d, framesAvailableInWrappingBuffer %d"
+            //      "framesToWriteFromByteBuffer %d, numBytesToWriteFromByteBuffer %d"
+            //      , __func__, framesLeftInByteBuffer, framesAvailableInWrappingBuffer,
+            //      framesToWriteFromByteBuffer, numBytesToWriteFromByteBuffer);
+
+            const int32_t framesActuallyWrittenToWrappingBuffer = mFlowGraph.process(
+                    (void *)byteBuffer,
+                    framesToWriteFromByteBuffer,
+                    (void *)currentWrappingBuffer,
+                    framesAvailableInWrappingBuffer);
+
+            byteBuffer += numBytesToWriteFromByteBuffer;
+            framesLeftInByteBuffer -= framesToWriteFromByteBuffer;
+            const int32_t numBytesActuallyWrittenToWrappingBuffer =
+                    framesActuallyWrittenToWrappingBuffer * getBytesPerDeviceFrame();
+            currentWrappingBuffer += numBytesActuallyWrittenToWrappingBuffer;
+            framesAvailableInWrappingBuffer -= framesActuallyWrittenToWrappingBuffer;
+            framesWrittenToAudioEndpoint += framesActuallyWrittenToWrappingBuffer;
+
+            //ALOGD("%s() numBytesActuallyWrittenToWrappingBuffer %d, framesLeftInByteBuffer %d"
+            //      "framesActuallyWrittenToWrappingBuffer %d, numBytesToWriteFromByteBuffer %d"
+            //      "framesWrittenToAudioEndpoint %d"
+            //      , __func__, numBytesActuallyWrittenToWrappingBuffer, framesLeftInByteBuffer,
+            //      framesActuallyWrittenToWrappingBuffer, numBytesToWriteFromByteBuffer,
+            //      framesWrittenToAudioEndpoint);
+        }
         partIndex++;
     }
-    int32_t framesWritten = numFrames - framesLeft;
-    mAudioEndpoint->advanceWriteIndex(framesWritten);
+    //ALOGD("%s() framesWrittenToAudioEndpoint %d, numFrames %d"
+    //              "framesLeftInByteBuffer %d"
+    //              , __func__, framesWrittenToAudioEndpoint, numFrames,
+    //              framesLeftInByteBuffer);
 
-    return framesWritten;
+    // The audio endpoint should reference the number of frames written to the wrapping buffer.
+    mAudioEndpoint->advanceWriteIndex(framesWrittenToAudioEndpoint);
+
+    // The internal code should use the number of frames read from the app.
+    return numFrames - framesLeftInByteBuffer;
 }
 
 int64_t AudioStreamInternalPlay::getFramesRead() {
@@ -278,13 +333,13 @@
 
 int64_t AudioStreamInternalPlay::getFramesWritten() {
     if (mAudioEndpoint) {
-        mLastFramesWritten = mAudioEndpoint->getDataWriteCounter()
-                             + mFramesOffsetFromService;
+        mLastFramesWritten = std::max(
+                mLastFramesWritten,
+                mAudioEndpoint->getDataWriteCounter() + mFramesOffsetFromService);
     }
     return mLastFramesWritten;
 }
 
-
 // Render audio in the application callback and then write the data to the stream.
 void *AudioStreamInternalPlay::callbackLoop() {
     ALOGD("%s() entering >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>", __func__);
@@ -303,8 +358,10 @@
             result = write(mCallbackBuffer.get(), mCallbackFrames, timeoutNanos);
             if ((result != mCallbackFrames)) {
                 if (result >= 0) {
-                    // Only wrote some of the frames requested. Must have timed out.
-                    result = AAUDIO_ERROR_TIMEOUT;
+                    // Only wrote some of the frames requested. The stream can be disconnected
+                    // or timed out.
+                    processCommands();
+                    result = isDisconnected() ? AAUDIO_ERROR_DISCONNECTED : AAUDIO_ERROR_TIMEOUT;
                 }
                 maybeCallErrorCallback(result);
                 break;
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternalPlay.h b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternalPlay.h
index e761807..b51b5d0 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternalPlay.h
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternalPlay.h
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 #include <aaudio/AAudio.h>
 
 #include "binding/AAudioServiceInterface.h"
-#include "client/AAudioFlowGraph.h"
 #include "client/AudioStreamInternal.h"
 
 using android::sp;
@@ -89,13 +88,11 @@
      * Asynchronous write with data conversion.
      * @param buffer
      * @param numFrames
-     * @return fdrames written or negative error
+     * @return frames written or negative error
      */
     aaudio_result_t writeNowWithConversion(const void *buffer,
                                            int32_t numFrames);
 
-    AAudioFlowGraph          mFlowGraph;
-
 };
 
 } /* namespace aaudio */
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/core/AAudioAudio.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/core/AAudioAudio.cpp
index 8a13a6f..1e27a81 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/core/AAudioAudio.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/core/AAudioAudio.cpp
@@ -571,13 +571,15 @@
 AAUDIO_API int64_t AAudioStream_getFramesWritten(AAudioStream* stream)
 {
     AudioStream *audioStream = convertAAudioStreamToAudioStream(stream);
-    return audioStream->getFramesWritten();
+    return audioStream->getFramesWritten() * audioStream->getSampleRate() /
+            audioStream->getDeviceSampleRate();
 }
 
 AAUDIO_API int64_t AAudioStream_getFramesRead(AAudioStream* stream)
 {
     AudioStream *audioStream = convertAAudioStreamToAudioStream(stream);
-    return audioStream->getFramesRead();
+    return audioStream->getFramesRead() * audioStream->getSampleRate() /
+            audioStream->getDeviceSampleRate();
 }
 
 AAUDIO_API aaudio_result_t AAudioStream_getTimestamp(AAudioStream* stream,
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/core/AAudioStreamParameters.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/core/AAudioStreamParameters.cpp
index f305e46..3e51575 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/core/AAudioStreamParameters.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/core/AAudioStreamParameters.cpp
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@
         case AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_32_BIT:
         case AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_FLOAT:
         case AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_24_BIT_PACKED:
+        case AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_8_24_BIT:
         case AUDIO_FORMAT_IEC61937:
             break; // valid
         default:
@@ -184,6 +185,8 @@
         case AAUDIO_INPUT_PRESET_VOICE_RECOGNITION:
         case AAUDIO_INPUT_PRESET_UNPROCESSED:
         case AAUDIO_INPUT_PRESET_VOICE_PERFORMANCE:
+        case AAUDIO_INPUT_PRESET_SYSTEM_ECHO_REFERENCE:
+        case AAUDIO_INPUT_PRESET_SYSTEM_HOTWORD:
             break; // valid
         default:
             ALOGD("input preset not valid = %d", mInputPreset);
@@ -317,4 +320,4 @@
     ALOGD("mHardwareSamplesPerFrame = %6d", mHardwareSamplesPerFrame);
     ALOGD("mHardwareSampleRate   = %6d", mHardwareSampleRate);
     ALOGD("mHardwareAudioFormat  = %6d", (int)mHardwareAudioFormat);
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioGlobal.h b/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioGlobal.h
index 6c22744..8af49b4 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioGlobal.h
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioGlobal.h
@@ -22,6 +22,14 @@
 
 namespace aaudio {
 
+// Internal error codes. Only used by the framework.
+enum {
+    AAUDIO_INTERNAL_ERROR_BASE = -1000,
+    AAUDIO_ERROR_STANDBY,
+    AAUDIO_ERROR_ALREADY_CLOSED,
+
+};
+
 aaudio_policy_t AudioGlobal_getMMapPolicy();
 aaudio_result_t AudioGlobal_setMMapPolicy(aaudio_policy_t policy);
 
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioStream.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioStream.cpp
index 56ef1e6..e0fd325 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioStream.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioStream.cpp
@@ -134,7 +134,8 @@
             .set(AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_ENCODINGHARDWARE,
                     android::toString(getHardwareFormat()).c_str())
             .set(AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_CHANNELCOUNTHARDWARE, (int32_t)getHardwareSamplesPerFrame())
-            .set(AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_SAMPLERATEHARDWARE, (int32_t)getHardwareSampleRate());
+            .set(AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_SAMPLERATEHARDWARE, (int32_t)getHardwareSampleRate())
+            .set(AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_SAMPLERATECLIENT, (int32_t)getSampleRate());
 
         if (getDirection() == AAUDIO_DIRECTION_OUTPUT) {
             item.set(AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_PLAYERIID, mPlayerBase->getPlayerIId());
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioStream.h b/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioStream.h
index 9b4b734..49a63c4 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioStream.h
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/core/AudioStream.h
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@
         return createThread_l(periodNanoseconds, threadProc, threadArg);
     }
 
-    aaudio_result_t joinThread(void **returnArg);
+    aaudio_result_t joinThread(void **returnArg) EXCLUDES(mStreamLock);
 
     virtual aaudio_result_t registerThread() {
         return AAUDIO_OK;
@@ -204,10 +204,18 @@
         return mBufferCapacity;
     }
 
+    virtual int32_t getDeviceBufferCapacity() const {
+        return mDeviceBufferCapacity;
+    }
+
     virtual int32_t getFramesPerBurst() const {
         return mFramesPerBurst;
     }
 
+    virtual int32_t getDeviceFramesPerBurst() const {
+        return mDeviceFramesPerBurst;
+    }
+
     virtual int32_t getXRunCount() const {
         return AAUDIO_ERROR_UNIMPLEMENTED;
     }
@@ -224,6 +232,10 @@
         return mSampleRate;
     }
 
+    aaudio_result_t getDeviceSampleRate() const {
+        return mDeviceSampleRate;
+    }
+
     aaudio_result_t getHardwareSampleRate() const {
         return mHardwareSampleRate;
     }
@@ -240,6 +252,10 @@
         return mSamplesPerFrame;
     }
 
+    aaudio_result_t getDeviceSamplesPerFrame() const {
+        return mDeviceSamplesPerFrame;
+    }
+
     aaudio_result_t getHardwareSamplesPerFrame() const {
         return mHardwareSamplesPerFrame;
     }
@@ -322,10 +338,10 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * This is only valid after setChannelMask() and setDeviceFormat() have been called.
+     * This is only valid after setDeviceSamplesPerFrame() and setDeviceFormat() have been called.
      */
     int32_t getBytesPerDeviceFrame() const {
-        return getSamplesPerFrame() * audio_bytes_per_sample(getDeviceFormat());
+        return getDeviceSamplesPerFrame() * audio_bytes_per_sample(getDeviceFormat());
     }
 
     virtual int64_t getFramesWritten() = 0;
@@ -365,6 +381,11 @@
         mSamplesPerFrame = AAudioConvert_channelMaskToCount(channelMask);
     }
 
+    void setDeviceSamplesPerFrame(int32_t deviceSamplesPerFrame) {
+        mDeviceSamplesPerFrame = deviceSamplesPerFrame;
+    }
+
+
     /**
      * @return true if data callback has been specified
      */
@@ -403,7 +424,7 @@
     }
 
     // This is used by the AudioManager to duck and mute the stream when changing audio focus.
-    void setDuckAndMuteVolume(float duckAndMuteVolume);
+    void setDuckAndMuteVolume(float duckAndMuteVolume) EXCLUDES(mStreamLock);
 
     float getDuckAndMuteVolume() const {
         return mDuckAndMuteVolume;
@@ -438,11 +459,11 @@
         mPlayerBase->unregisterWithAudioManager();
     }
 
-    aaudio_result_t systemStart();
+    aaudio_result_t systemStart() EXCLUDES(mStreamLock);
 
-    aaudio_result_t systemPause();
+    aaudio_result_t systemPause() EXCLUDES(mStreamLock);
 
-    aaudio_result_t safeFlush();
+    aaudio_result_t safeFlush() EXCLUDES(mStreamLock);
 
     /**
      * This is called when an app calls AAudioStream_requestStop();
@@ -453,14 +474,14 @@
     /**
      * This is called internally when an app callback returns AAUDIO_CALLBACK_RESULT_STOP.
      */
-    aaudio_result_t systemStopInternal();
+    aaudio_result_t systemStopInternal() EXCLUDES(mStreamLock);
 
     /**
      * Safely RELEASE a stream after taking mStreamLock and checking
      * to make sure we are not being called from a callback.
      * @return AAUDIO_OK or a negative error
      */
-    aaudio_result_t safeRelease();
+    aaudio_result_t safeRelease() EXCLUDES(mStreamLock);
 
     /**
      * Safely RELEASE and CLOSE a stream after taking mStreamLock and checking
@@ -469,7 +490,7 @@
      */
     aaudio_result_t safeReleaseClose();
 
-    aaudio_result_t safeReleaseCloseInternal();
+    aaudio_result_t safeReleaseCloseInternal() EXCLUDES(mStreamLock);
 
 protected:
 
@@ -542,6 +563,11 @@
     }
 
     // This should not be called after the open() call.
+    void setDeviceSampleRate(int32_t deviceSampleRate) {
+        mDeviceSampleRate = deviceSampleRate;
+    }
+
+    // This should not be called after the open() call.
     void setHardwareSampleRate(int32_t hardwareSampleRate) {
         mHardwareSampleRate = hardwareSampleRate;
     }
@@ -552,11 +578,21 @@
     }
 
     // This should not be called after the open() call.
+    void setDeviceFramesPerBurst(int32_t deviceFramesPerBurst) {
+        mDeviceFramesPerBurst = deviceFramesPerBurst;
+    }
+
+    // This should not be called after the open() call.
     void setBufferCapacity(int32_t bufferCapacity) {
         mBufferCapacity = bufferCapacity;
     }
 
     // This should not be called after the open() call.
+    void setDeviceBufferCapacity(int32_t deviceBufferCapacity) {
+        mDeviceBufferCapacity = deviceBufferCapacity;
+    }
+
+    // This should not be called after the open() call.
     void setSharingMode(aaudio_sharing_mode_t sharingMode) {
         mSharingMode = sharingMode;
     }
@@ -721,9 +757,11 @@
 
     // These do not change after open().
     int32_t                     mSamplesPerFrame = AAUDIO_UNSPECIFIED;
+    int32_t                     mDeviceSamplesPerFrame = AAUDIO_UNSPECIFIED;
     int32_t                     mHardwareSamplesPerFrame = AAUDIO_UNSPECIFIED;
     aaudio_channel_mask_t       mChannelMask = AAUDIO_UNSPECIFIED;
     int32_t                     mSampleRate = AAUDIO_UNSPECIFIED;
+    int32_t                     mDeviceSampleRate = AAUDIO_UNSPECIFIED;
     int32_t                     mHardwareSampleRate = AAUDIO_UNSPECIFIED;
     int32_t                     mDeviceId = AAUDIO_UNSPECIFIED;
     aaudio_sharing_mode_t       mSharingMode = AAUDIO_SHARING_MODE_SHARED;
@@ -732,7 +770,9 @@
     audio_format_t              mHardwareFormat = AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT;
     aaudio_performance_mode_t   mPerformanceMode = AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_NONE;
     int32_t                     mFramesPerBurst = 0;
+    int32_t                     mDeviceFramesPerBurst = 0;
     int32_t                     mBufferCapacity = 0;
+    int32_t                     mDeviceBufferCapacity = 0;
 
     aaudio_usage_t              mUsage           = AAUDIO_UNSPECIFIED;
     aaudio_content_type_t       mContentType     = AAUDIO_UNSPECIFIED;
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/core/VersionExperiment.txt b/media/libaaudio/src/core/VersionExperiment.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 071239b..0000000
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/core/VersionExperiment.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-
-// TODO Experiment with versioning. This may be removed or changed dramatically.
-// Please ignore for now. Do not review.
-#define OBOE_VERSION_EXPERIMENT  0
-#if OBOE_VERSION_EXPERIMENT
-
-#define OBOE_EARLIEST_SUPPORTED_VERSION  1
-#define OBOE_CURRENT_VERSION  2
-
-typedef struct OboeInterface_s {
-    int32_t size; // do not use size_t because its size can vary
-    int32_t version;
-    int32_t reserved1;
-    void *  reserved2;
-    oboe_result_t (*createStreamBuilder)(OboeStreamBuilder *);
-} OboeInterface_t;
-
-OboeInterface_t s_oboe_template = {
-        .size = sizeof(OboeInterface_t),
-        .version = OBOE_CURRENT_VERSION,
-        .reserved1 = 0,
-        .reserved2 = NULL,
-        .createStreamBuilder = Oboe_createStreamBuilder
-};
-
-oboe_result_t Oboe_Unimplemented(OboeInterface_t *oboe) {
-    (void) oboe;
-    return OBOE_ERROR_UNIMPLEMENTED;
-}
-
-typedef oboe_result_t (*OboeFunction_t)(OboeInterface_t *oboe);
-
-int32_t Oboe_Initialize(OboeInterface_t *oboe, uint32_t flags) {
-    if (oboe->version < OBOE_EARLIEST_SUPPORTED_VERSION) {
-        return OBOE_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE;
-    }
-    // Fill in callers vector table.
-    uint8_t *start = (uint8_t*)&oboe->reserved1;
-    uint8_t *end;
-    if (oboe->size <= s_oboe_template.size) {
-        end = ((uint8_t *)oboe) + oboe->size;
-    } else {
-        end = ((uint8_t *)oboe) + s_oboe_template.size;
-        // Assume the rest of the structure is vectors.
-        // Point them all to OboeInternal_Unimplemented()
-        // Point to first vector past end of the known structure.
-        OboeFunction_t *next = (OboeFunction_t*)end;
-        while ((((uint8_t *)next) - ((uint8_t *)oboe)) < oboe->size) {
-            *next++ = Oboe_Unimplemented;
-        }
-    }
-    memcpy(&oboe->reserved1, &s_oboe_template.reserved1, end - start);
-    return OBOE_OK;
-}
-#endif /* OBOE_VERSION_EXPERIMENT -------------------------- */
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/fifo/FifoControllerBase.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/fifo/FifoControllerBase.cpp
index ad6d041..e79bf96 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/fifo/FifoControllerBase.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/fifo/FifoControllerBase.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include "FifoControllerBase.h"
 
-using namespace android;  // TODO just import names needed
+using android::FifoControllerBase;
+using android::fifo_frames_t;
 
 FifoControllerBase::FifoControllerBase(fifo_frames_t capacity, fifo_frames_t threshold)
         : mCapacity(capacity)
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/FlowgraphUtilities.h b/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/FlowgraphUtilities.h
index 5e90588..e277d6e 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/FlowgraphUtilities.h
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/FlowgraphUtilities.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef FLOWGRAPH_UTILITIES_H
 #define FLOWGRAPH_UTILITIES_H
 
+#include <math.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 using namespace FLOWGRAPH_OUTER_NAMESPACE::flowgraph;
@@ -50,6 +51,20 @@
     return f > 0 ? f + 0.5 : f - 0.5;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Convert a single-precision floating point value to a Q0.23 integer value, stored in a
+ * 32 bit signed integer (technically stored as Q8.23, but clamped to Q0.23).
+ *
+ * Values outside the range [-1.0, 1.0) are properly clamped to -8388608 and 8388607,
+ * including -Inf and +Inf. NaN values are considered undefined, and behavior may change
+ * depending on hardware and future implementation of this function.
+ */
+static int32_t clamp24FromFloat(float f)
+{
+    static const float scale = 1 << 23;
+    return (int32_t) lroundf(fmaxf(fminf(f * scale, scale - 1.f), -scale));
+}
+
 };
 
 #endif // FLOWGRAPH_UTILITIES_H
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/SinkI8_24.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/SinkI8_24.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5e4b80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/SinkI8_24.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "FlowGraphNode.h"
+#include "FlowgraphUtilities.h"
+#include "SinkI8_24.h"
+
+#if FLOWGRAPH_ANDROID_INTERNAL
+#include <audio_utils/primitives.h>
+#endif
+
+using namespace FLOWGRAPH_OUTER_NAMESPACE::flowgraph;
+
+SinkI8_24::SinkI8_24(int32_t channelCount)
+        : FlowGraphSink(channelCount) {}
+
+int32_t SinkI8_24::read(void *data, int32_t numFrames) {
+    int32_t *intData = (int32_t *) data;
+    const int32_t channelCount = input.getSamplesPerFrame();
+
+    int32_t framesLeft = numFrames;
+    while (framesLeft > 0) {
+        // Run the graph and pull data through the input port.
+        int32_t framesRead = pullData(framesLeft);
+        if (framesRead <= 0) {
+            break;
+        }
+        const float *signal = input.getBuffer();
+        int32_t numSamples = framesRead * channelCount;
+#if FLOWGRAPH_ANDROID_INTERNAL
+        memcpy_to_q8_23_from_float_with_clamp(intData, signal, numSamples);
+        intData += numSamples;
+        signal += numSamples;
+#else
+        for (int i = 0; i < numSamples; i++) {
+            *intData++ = FlowgraphUtilities::clamp24FromFloat(*signal++);
+        }
+#endif
+        framesLeft -= framesRead;
+    }
+    return numFrames - framesLeft;
+}
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/SinkI8_24.h b/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/SinkI8_24.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa96918
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/SinkI8_24.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef FLOWGRAPH_SINK_I8_24_H
+#define FLOWGRAPH_SINK_I8_24_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "FlowGraphNode.h"
+
+namespace FLOWGRAPH_OUTER_NAMESPACE::flowgraph {
+
+class SinkI8_24 : public FlowGraphSink {
+public:
+    explicit SinkI8_24(int32_t channelCount);
+    ~SinkI8_24() override = default;
+
+    int32_t read(void *data, int32_t numFrames) override;
+
+    const char *getName() override {
+        return "SinkI8_24";
+    }
+};
+
+} /* namespace FLOWGRAPH_OUTER_NAMESPACE::flowgraph */
+
+#endif //FLOWGRAPH_SINK_I8_24_H
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/SourceI8_24.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/SourceI8_24.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..684446c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/SourceI8_24.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "FlowGraphNode.h"
+#include "SourceI8_24.h"
+
+#if FLOWGRAPH_ANDROID_INTERNAL
+#include <audio_utils/primitives.h>
+#endif
+
+using namespace FLOWGRAPH_OUTER_NAMESPACE::flowgraph;
+
+SourceI8_24::SourceI8_24(int32_t channelCount)
+        : FlowGraphSourceBuffered(channelCount) {
+}
+
+int32_t SourceI8_24::onProcess(int32_t numFrames) {
+    float *floatData = output.getBuffer();
+    const int32_t channelCount = output.getSamplesPerFrame();
+
+    const int32_t framesLeft = mSizeInFrames - mFrameIndex;
+    const int32_t framesToProcess = std::min(numFrames, framesLeft);
+    const int32_t numSamples = framesToProcess * channelCount;
+
+    const int32_t *intBase = static_cast<const int32_t *>(mData);
+    const int32_t *intData = &intBase[mFrameIndex * channelCount];
+
+#if FLOWGRAPH_ANDROID_INTERNAL
+    memcpy_to_float_from_q8_23(floatData, intData, numSamples);
+#else
+    for (int i = 0; i < numSamples; i++) {
+        *floatData++ = *intData++ * kScale;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    mFrameIndex += framesToProcess;
+    return framesToProcess;
+}
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/SourceI8_24.h b/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/SourceI8_24.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91c756c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/SourceI8_24.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef FLOWGRAPH_SOURCE_I8_24_H
+#define FLOWGRAPH_SOURCE_I8_24_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "FlowGraphNode.h"
+
+namespace FLOWGRAPH_OUTER_NAMESPACE::flowgraph {
+
+class SourceI8_24 : public FlowGraphSourceBuffered {
+public:
+    explicit SourceI8_24(int32_t channelCount);
+    ~SourceI8_24() override = default;
+
+    int32_t onProcess(int32_t numFrames) override;
+
+    const char *getName() override {
+        return "SourceI8_24";
+    }
+private:
+    static constexpr float kScale = 1.0 / (1UL << 23);
+};
+
+} /* namespace FLOWGRAPH_OUTER_NAMESPACE::flowgraph */
+
+#endif //FLOWGRAPH_SOURCE_I8_24_H
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/resampler/MultiChannelResampler.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/resampler/MultiChannelResampler.cpp
index a3ce58c..611ddcd 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/resampler/MultiChannelResampler.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/resampler/MultiChannelResampler.cpp
@@ -135,10 +135,9 @@
     int coefficientIndex = 0;
     double phase = 0.0; // ranges from 0.0 to 1.0, fraction between samples
     // Stretch the sinc function for low pass filtering.
-    const float cutoffScaler = normalizedCutoff *
-            ((outputRate < inputRate)
-             ? ((float)outputRate / inputRate)
-             : ((float)inputRate / outputRate));
+    const float cutoffScaler = (outputRate < inputRate)
+             ? (normalizedCutoff * (float)outputRate / inputRate)
+             : 1.0f; // Do not filter when upsampling.
     const int numTapsHalf = getNumTaps() / 2; // numTaps must be even.
     const float numTapsHalfInverse = 1.0f / numTapsHalf;
     for (int i = 0; i < numRows; i++) {
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/resampler/MultiChannelResampler.h b/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/resampler/MultiChannelResampler.h
index 717f3fd..9e47335 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/resampler/MultiChannelResampler.h
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/flowgraph/resampler/MultiChannelResampler.h
@@ -111,6 +111,9 @@
          * Set lower to reduce aliasing.
          * Default is 0.70.
          *
+         * Note that this value is ignored when upsampling, which is when
+         * the outputRate is higher than the inputRate.
+         *
          * @param normalizedCutoff anti-aliasing filter cutoff
          * @return address of this builder for chaining calls
          */
@@ -227,6 +230,10 @@
 
     /**
      * Generate the filter coefficients in optimal order.
+     *
+     * Note that normalizedCutoff is ignored when upsampling, which is when
+     * the outputRate is higher than the inputRate.
+     *
      * @param inputRate sample rate of the input stream
      * @param outputRate  sample rate of the output stream
      * @param numRows number of rows in the array that contain a set of tap coefficients
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamRecord.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamRecord.cpp
index e760dab..fe4bf2c 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamRecord.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamRecord.cpp
@@ -208,6 +208,12 @@
     setBufferCapacity(getBufferCapacityFromDevice());
     setFramesPerBurst(getFramesPerBurstFromDevice());
 
+    // Use the same values for device values.
+    setDeviceSamplesPerFrame(getSamplesPerFrame());
+    setDeviceSampleRate(mAudioRecord->getSampleRate());
+    setDeviceBufferCapacity(getBufferCapacityFromDevice());
+    setDeviceFramesPerBurst(getFramesPerBurstFromDevice());
+
     setHardwareSamplesPerFrame(mAudioRecord->getHalChannelCount());
     setHardwareSampleRate(mAudioRecord->getHalSampleRate());
     setHardwareFormat(mAudioRecord->getHalFormat());
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamTrack.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamTrack.cpp
index 67ee42e..d729047 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamTrack.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/legacy/AudioStreamTrack.cpp
@@ -69,16 +69,24 @@
     audio_channel_mask_t channelMask =
             AAudio_getChannelMaskForOpen(getChannelMask(), getSamplesPerFrame(), false /*isInput*/);
 
+    // Set flags based on selected parameters.
     audio_output_flags_t flags;
     aaudio_performance_mode_t perfMode = getPerformanceMode();
     switch(perfMode) {
-        case AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_LOW_LATENCY:
+        case AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_LOW_LATENCY: {
             // Bypass the normal mixer and go straight to the FAST mixer.
-            // If the app asks for a sessionId then it means they want to use effects.
-            // So don't use RAW flag.
-            flags = (audio_output_flags_t) ((requestedSessionId == AAUDIO_SESSION_ID_NONE)
-                    ? (AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_FAST | AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_RAW)
-                    : (AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_FAST));
+            // Some Usages need RAW mode so they can get the lowest possible latency.
+            // Other Usages should avoid RAW because it can interfere with
+            // dual sink routing or other features.
+            bool usageBenefitsFromRaw = getUsage() == AAUDIO_USAGE_GAME ||
+                    getUsage() == AAUDIO_USAGE_MEDIA;
+            // If an app does not ask for a sessionId then there will be no effects.
+            // So we can use the use RAW flag.
+            flags = (audio_output_flags_t) (((requestedSessionId == AAUDIO_SESSION_ID_NONE)
+                                             && usageBenefitsFromRaw)
+                                            ? (AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_FAST | AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_RAW)
+                                            : (AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_FAST));
+        }
             break;
 
         case AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_POWER_SAVING:
@@ -203,6 +211,12 @@
     setBufferCapacity(getBufferCapacityFromDevice());
     setFramesPerBurst(getFramesPerBurstFromDevice());
 
+    // Use the same values for device values.
+    setDeviceSamplesPerFrame(getSamplesPerFrame());
+    setDeviceSampleRate(mAudioTrack->getSampleRate());
+    setDeviceBufferCapacity(getBufferCapacityFromDevice());
+    setDeviceFramesPerBurst(getFramesPerBurstFromDevice());
+
     setHardwareSamplesPerFrame(mAudioTrack->getHalChannelCount());
     setHardwareSampleRate(mAudioTrack->getHalSampleRate());
     setHardwareFormat(mAudioTrack->getHalFormat());
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/utility/AAudioUtilities.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/utility/AAudioUtilities.cpp
index e8324a8..0cbf79d 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/utility/AAudioUtilities.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/utility/AAudioUtilities.cpp
@@ -383,11 +383,10 @@
                 return AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_7POINT1POINT2;
             case AAUDIO_CHANNEL_7POINT1POINT4:
                 return AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_7POINT1POINT4;
-            // TODO: add 9point1point4 and 9point1point6 when they are added in audio-hal-enums.h
-            // case AAUDIO_CHANNEL_9POINT1POINT4:
-            //     return AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_9POINT1POINT4;
-            // case AAUDIO_CHANNEL_9POINT1POINT6:
-            //     return AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_9POINT1POINT6;
+            case AAUDIO_CHANNEL_9POINT1POINT4:
+                return AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_9POINT1POINT4;
+            case AAUDIO_CHANNEL_9POINT1POINT6:
+                return AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_9POINT1POINT6;
             default:
                 ALOGE("%s() %#x unrecognized", __func__, channelMask);
                 return AUDIO_CHANNEL_INVALID;
@@ -465,11 +464,10 @@
                 return AAUDIO_CHANNEL_7POINT1POINT2;
             case AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_7POINT1POINT4:
                 return AAUDIO_CHANNEL_7POINT1POINT4;
-            // TODO: add 9point1point4 and 9point1point6 when they are added in audio-hal-enums.h
-            // case AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_9POINT1POINT4:
-            //     return AAUDIO_CHANNEL_9POINT1POINT4;
-            // case AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_9POINT1POINT6:
-            //     return AAUDIO_CHANNEL_9POINT1POINT6;
+            case AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_9POINT1POINT4:
+                return AAUDIO_CHANNEL_9POINT1POINT4;
+            case AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_9POINT1POINT6:
+                return AAUDIO_CHANNEL_9POINT1POINT6;
             default:
                 ALOGE("%s() %#x unrecognized", __func__, channelMask);
                 return AAUDIO_CHANNEL_INVALID;
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/utility/AudioClock.h b/media/libaaudio/src/utility/AudioClock.h
index d5d4ef4..37f5b39 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/utility/AudioClock.h
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/utility/AudioClock.h
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 public:
     static int64_t getNanoseconds(clockid_t clockId = CLOCK_MONOTONIC) {
         struct timespec time;
-        int result = clock_gettime(clockId, &time);
+        const int result = clock_gettime(clockId, &time);
         if (result < 0) {
             return -errno;
         }
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
             time.tv_sec = nanoTime / AAUDIO_NANOS_PER_SECOND;
             // Calculate the fractional nanoseconds. Avoids expensive % operation.
             time.tv_nsec = nanoTime - (time.tv_sec * AAUDIO_NANOS_PER_SECOND);
-            int err = clock_nanosleep(clockId, TIMER_ABSTIME, &time, nullptr);
+            const int err = clock_nanosleep(clockId, TIMER_ABSTIME, &time, nullptr);
             switch (err) {
             case EINTR:
                 return 1;
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
             // Calculate the fractional nanoseconds. Avoids expensive % operation.
             time.tv_nsec = nanoseconds - (time.tv_sec * AAUDIO_NANOS_PER_SECOND);
             const int flags = 0; // documented as relative sleep
-            int err = clock_nanosleep(clockId, flags, &time, nullptr);
+            const int err = clock_nanosleep(clockId, flags, &time, nullptr);
             switch (err) {
             case EINTR:
                 return 1;
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/utility/MonotonicCounter.h b/media/libaaudio/src/utility/MonotonicCounter.h
index 51eb69b..b58634f 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/utility/MonotonicCounter.h
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/utility/MonotonicCounter.h
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
      */
     void roundUp64(int32_t period) {
         if (period > 0) {
-            int64_t numPeriods = (mCounter64 + period - 1) / period;
+            const int64_t numPeriods = (mCounter64 + period - 1) / period;
             mCounter64 = numPeriods * period;
         }
     }
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/tests/Android.bp b/media/libaaudio/tests/Android.bp
index 24041bc..30efeb0 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/tests/Android.bp
@@ -145,6 +145,7 @@
     srcs: ["test_flowgraph.cpp"],
     shared_libs: [
         "libaaudio_internal",
+        "libaudioutils",
         "libbinder",
         "libcutils",
         "libutils",
@@ -181,7 +182,10 @@
     name: "test_full_queue",
     defaults: ["libaaudio_tests_defaults"],
     srcs: ["test_full_queue.cpp"],
-    shared_libs: ["libaaudio"],
+    shared_libs: [
+		"libaaudio",
+		"liblog"
+	],
 }
 
 cc_test {
@@ -237,3 +241,37 @@
         "libaaudio_internal",
     ],
 }
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "test_idle_disconnected_shared_stream",
+    defaults: ["libaaudio_tests_defaults"],
+    srcs: ["test_idle_disconnected_shared_stream.cpp"],
+    shared_libs: ["libaaudio"],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "test_multiple_close_simultaneously",
+    defaults: [
+        "latest_android_media_audio_common_types_cpp_shared",
+        "libaaudio_tests_defaults",
+    ],
+    srcs: ["test_multiple_close_simultaneously.cpp"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "aaudio-aidl-cpp",
+        "framework-permission-aidl-cpp",
+        "libaaudio",
+        "libbinder",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+    // This test will run 1 minute to ensure there is no crash happen.
+    // In that case, set the timeout as 2 minutes to allow the test to complete.
+    test_options: {
+        test_runner_options: [
+            {
+                name: "native-test-timeout",
+                value: "2m",
+            }
+        ],
+    },
+}
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/tests/test_flowgraph.cpp b/media/libaaudio/tests/test_flowgraph.cpp
index 6f75f5a..f20a4bb 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/tests/test_flowgraph.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/tests/test_flowgraph.cpp
@@ -25,20 +25,37 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
+#include <aaudio/AAudio.h>
+#include "client/AAudioFlowGraph.h"
 #include "flowgraph/ClipToRange.h"
 #include "flowgraph/Limiter.h"
 #include "flowgraph/MonoBlend.h"
 #include "flowgraph/MonoToMultiConverter.h"
-#include "flowgraph/SourceFloat.h"
 #include "flowgraph/RampLinear.h"
 #include "flowgraph/SinkFloat.h"
 #include "flowgraph/SinkI16.h"
 #include "flowgraph/SinkI24.h"
 #include "flowgraph/SinkI32.h"
+#include "flowgraph/SinkI8_24.h"
+#include "flowgraph/SourceFloat.h"
 #include "flowgraph/SourceI16.h"
 #include "flowgraph/SourceI24.h"
+#include "flowgraph/SourceI8_24.h"
+#include "flowgraph/resampler/IntegerRatio.h"
 
 using namespace FLOWGRAPH_OUTER_NAMESPACE::flowgraph;
+using namespace RESAMPLER_OUTER_NAMESPACE::resampler;
+
+using TestFlowgraphResamplerParams = std::tuple<int32_t, int32_t, MultiChannelResampler::Quality>;
+
+enum {
+    PARAM_SOURCE_SAMPLE_RATE = 0,
+    PARAM_SINK_SAMPLE_RATE,
+    PARAM_RESAMPLER_QUALITY
+};
+
+constexpr int kInt24Min = 0xff800000;
+constexpr int kInt24Max = 0x007fffff;
 
 constexpr int kBytesPerI24Packed = 3;
 
@@ -47,15 +64,19 @@
     1.0f, 0.5f, -0.25f, -1.0f,
     0.0f, 53.9f, -87.2f, -1.02f};
 
-// Corresponding PCM values  as integers.
-constexpr std::array<int16_t, kNumSamples>  kExpectedI16 = {
+// Corresponding PCM values as integers.
+constexpr std::array<int16_t, kNumSamples> kExpectedI16 = {
     INT16_MAX, 1 << 14, INT16_MIN / 4, INT16_MIN,
     0, INT16_MAX, INT16_MIN, INT16_MIN};
 
-constexpr std::array<int32_t, kNumSamples>  kExpectedI32 = {
+constexpr std::array<int32_t, kNumSamples> kExpectedI32 = {
     INT32_MAX, 1 << 30, INT32_MIN / 4, INT32_MIN,
     0, INT32_MAX, INT32_MIN, INT32_MIN};
 
+constexpr std::array<int32_t, kNumSamples> kExpectedI8_24 = {
+    kInt24Max, 1 << 22, kInt24Min / 4, kInt24Min,
+    0, kInt24Max, kInt24Min, kInt24Min};
+
 // =================================== FLOAT to I16 ==============
 
 // Simple test that tries to reproduce a Clang compiler bug.
@@ -203,6 +224,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(input[0], output[1]);
     EXPECT_EQ(input[1], output[2]);
     EXPECT_EQ(input[1], output[3]);
+    EXPECT_EQ(input[2], output[4]);
+    EXPECT_EQ(input[2], output[5]);
 }
 
 TEST(test_flowgraph, module_ramp_linear) {
@@ -394,3 +417,304 @@
         EXPECT_NEAR(expected[i], output[i], tolerance);
     }
 }
+
+TEST(test_flowgraph, module_sinki16_multiple_reads) {
+    static constexpr int kNumSamples = 8;
+    std::array<int16_t, kNumSamples + 10> output; // larger than input
+
+    SourceFloat sourceFloat{1};
+    SinkI16 sinkI16{1};
+
+    sourceFloat.setData(kInputFloat.data(), kNumSamples);
+    sourceFloat.output.connect(&sinkI16.input);
+
+    output.fill(777);
+
+    // Read the first half of the data
+    int32_t numRead = sinkI16.read(output.data(), kNumSamples / 2);
+    ASSERT_EQ(kNumSamples / 2, numRead);
+    for (int i = 0; i < numRead; i++) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(kExpectedI16.at(i), output.at(i)) << ", i = " << i;
+    }
+
+    // Read the rest of the data
+    numRead = sinkI16.read(output.data(), output.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(kNumSamples / 2, numRead);
+    for (int i = 0; i < numRead; i++) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(kExpectedI16.at(i + kNumSamples / 2), output.at(i)) << ", i = " << i;
+    }
+}
+
+// =================================== FLOAT to Q8.23 ==============
+__attribute__((noinline))
+static int32_t clamp24FromFloat(float f)
+{
+    static const float scale = 1 << 23;
+    return (int32_t) lroundf(fmaxf(fminf(f * scale, scale - 1.f), -scale));
+}
+
+void local_convert_float_to_i8_24(const float *input,
+                                  int32_t *output,
+                                  int count) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        *output++ = clamp24FromFloat(*input++);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(test_flowgraph, local_convert_float_to_i8_24) {
+    std::array<int32_t, kNumSamples> output;
+    // Convert audio signal using the function.
+    output.fill(777);
+    local_convert_float_to_i8_24(kInputFloat.data(), output.data(), kNumSamples);
+    for (int i = 0; i < kNumSamples; i++) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(kExpectedI8_24.at(i), output.at(i)) << ", i = " << i;
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(test_flowgraph, module_sinkI8_24) {
+    std::array<int32_t, kNumSamples + 10> output; // larger than input
+
+    SourceFloat sourceFloat{2};
+    SinkI8_24 sinkI8_24{2};
+
+    sourceFloat.setData(kInputFloat.data(), kNumSamples);
+    sourceFloat.output.connect(&sinkI8_24.input);
+
+    output.fill(777);
+    int32_t numRead = sinkI8_24.read(output.data(), output.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(kNumSamples, numRead);
+    for (int i = 0; i < numRead; i++) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(kExpectedI8_24.at(i), output.at(i)) << ", i = " << i;
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(test_flowgraph, module_sourceI8_24) {
+    static const int32_t input[] = {1 << 23, 1 << 22, -(1 << 21), -(1 << 23), 0, 1 << 25,
+            -(1 << 25)};
+    static const float expected[] = {1.0f, 0.5f, -0.25f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 4.0f, -4.0f};
+    float output[100];
+
+    SourceI8_24 sourceI8_24{1};
+    SinkFloat sinkFloat{1};
+
+    int numSamples = std::size(input);
+
+    sourceI8_24.setData(input, numSamples);
+    sourceI8_24.output.connect(&sinkFloat.input);
+
+    int32_t numRead = sinkFloat.read(output, numSamples);
+    ASSERT_EQ(numSamples, numRead);
+    for (int i = 0; i < numRead; i++) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(expected[i], output[i]) << ", i = " << i;
+    }
+}
+
+void checkSampleRateConversionVariedSizes(int32_t sourceSampleRate,
+                    int32_t sinkSampleRate,
+                    MultiChannelResampler::Quality resamplerQuality) {
+    AAudioFlowGraph flowgraph;
+    aaudio_result_t result = flowgraph.configure(AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_FLOAT /* sourceFormat */,
+            1 /* sourceChannelCount */,
+            sourceSampleRate,
+            AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_FLOAT /* sinkFormat */,
+            1 /* sinkChannelCount */,
+            sinkSampleRate,
+            false /* useMonoBlend */,
+            false /* useVolumeRamps */,
+            0.0f /* audioBalance */,
+            resamplerQuality);
+
+    IntegerRatio ratio(sourceSampleRate, sinkSampleRate);
+    ratio.reduce();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(AAUDIO_OK, result);
+
+    const int inputSize = ratio.getNumerator();
+    const int outputSize = ratio.getDenominator();
+    float input[inputSize];
+    float output[outputSize];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < inputSize; i++) {
+        input[i] = i * 1.0f / inputSize;
+    }
+
+    int inputUsed = 0;
+    int outputRead = 0;
+    int curInputSize = 1;
+
+    // Process the data with larger and larger input buffer sizes.
+    while (inputUsed < inputSize) {
+        outputRead += flowgraph.process((void *) (input + inputUsed),
+                curInputSize,
+                (void *) (output + outputRead),
+                outputSize - outputRead);
+        inputUsed += curInputSize;
+        curInputSize = std::min(curInputSize + 5, inputSize - inputUsed);
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(outputSize, outputRead);
+
+    for (int i = 1; i < outputSize; i++) {
+        // The first values of the flowgraph will be close to zero.
+        // Besides those, the values should be strictly increasing.
+        if (output[i - 1] > 0.01f) {
+            EXPECT_GT(output[i], output[i - 1]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(test_flowgraph, flowgraph_varied_sizes_all) {
+    const int rates[] = {8000, 11025, 22050, 32000, 44100, 48000, 64000, 88200, 96000};
+    const MultiChannelResampler::Quality qualities[] =
+    {
+        MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Fastest,
+        MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Low,
+        MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Medium,
+        MultiChannelResampler::Quality::High,
+        MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Best
+    };
+    for (int srcRate : rates) {
+        for (int destRate : rates) {
+            for (auto quality : qualities) {
+                if (srcRate != destRate) {
+                    checkSampleRateConversionVariedSizes(srcRate, destRate, quality);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void checkSampleRateConversionPullLater(int32_t sourceSampleRate,
+                    int32_t sinkSampleRate,
+                    MultiChannelResampler::Quality resamplerQuality) {
+    AAudioFlowGraph flowgraph;
+    aaudio_result_t result = flowgraph.configure(AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_FLOAT /* sourceFormat */,
+            1 /* sourceChannelCount */,
+            sourceSampleRate,
+            AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_FLOAT /* sinkFormat */,
+            1 /* sinkChannelCount */,
+            sinkSampleRate,
+            false /* useMonoBlend */,
+            false /* useVolumeRamps */,
+            0.0f /* audioBalance */,
+            resamplerQuality);
+
+    IntegerRatio ratio(sourceSampleRate, sinkSampleRate);
+    ratio.reduce();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(AAUDIO_OK, result);
+
+    const int inputSize = ratio.getNumerator();
+    const int outputSize = ratio.getDenominator();
+    float input[inputSize];
+    float output[outputSize];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < inputSize; i++) {
+        input[i] = i * 1.0f / inputSize;
+    }
+
+    // Read half the data with process.
+    int outputRead = flowgraph.process((void *) input,
+            inputSize,
+            (void *) output,
+            outputSize / 2);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(outputSize / 2, outputRead);
+
+    // Now read the other half of the data with pull.
+    outputRead += flowgraph.pull(
+            (void *) (output + outputRead),
+            outputSize - outputRead);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(outputSize, outputRead);
+    for (int i = 1; i < outputSize; i++) {
+        // The first values of the flowgraph will be close to zero.
+        // Besides those, the values should be strictly increasing.
+        if (output[i - 1] > 0.01f) {
+            EXPECT_GT(output[i], output[i - 1]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// TODO: b/289508408 - Remove non-parameterized tests if they get noisy.
+TEST(test_flowgraph, flowgraph_pull_later_all) {
+    const int rates[] = {8000, 11025, 22050, 32000, 44100, 48000, 64000, 88200, 96000};
+    const MultiChannelResampler::Quality qualities[] =
+    {
+        MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Fastest,
+        MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Low,
+        MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Medium,
+        MultiChannelResampler::Quality::High,
+        MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Best
+    };
+    for (int srcRate : rates) {
+        for (int destRate : rates) {
+            for (auto quality : qualities) {
+                if (srcRate != destRate) {
+                    checkSampleRateConversionPullLater(srcRate, destRate, quality);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+class TestFlowgraphSampleRateConversion : public ::testing::Test,
+                        public ::testing::WithParamInterface<TestFlowgraphResamplerParams> {
+};
+
+const char* resamplerQualityToString(MultiChannelResampler::Quality quality) {
+    switch (quality) {
+        case MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Fastest: return "FASTEST";
+        case MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Low: return "LOW";
+        case MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Medium: return "MEDIUM";
+        case MultiChannelResampler::Quality::High: return "HIGH";
+        case MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Best: return "BEST";
+    }
+    return "UNKNOWN";
+}
+
+static std::string getTestName(
+        const ::testing::TestParamInfo<TestFlowgraphResamplerParams>& info) {
+    return std::string()
+            + std::to_string(std::get<PARAM_SOURCE_SAMPLE_RATE>(info.param))
+            + "__" + std::to_string(std::get<PARAM_SINK_SAMPLE_RATE>(info.param))
+            + "__" + resamplerQualityToString(std::get<PARAM_RESAMPLER_QUALITY>(info.param));
+}
+
+TEST_P(TestFlowgraphSampleRateConversion, test_flowgraph_pull_later) {
+    checkSampleRateConversionPullLater(std::get<PARAM_SOURCE_SAMPLE_RATE>(GetParam()),
+            std::get<PARAM_SINK_SAMPLE_RATE>(GetParam()),
+            std::get<PARAM_RESAMPLER_QUALITY>(GetParam()));
+}
+
+TEST_P(TestFlowgraphSampleRateConversion, test_flowgraph_varied_sizes) {
+    checkSampleRateConversionVariedSizes(std::get<PARAM_SOURCE_SAMPLE_RATE>(GetParam()),
+            std::get<PARAM_SINK_SAMPLE_RATE>(GetParam()),
+            std::get<PARAM_RESAMPLER_QUALITY>(GetParam()));
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        test_flowgraph,
+        TestFlowgraphSampleRateConversion,
+        ::testing::Values(
+                TestFlowgraphResamplerParams({8000, 11025, MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Best}),
+                TestFlowgraphResamplerParams({8000, 48000, MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Best}),
+                TestFlowgraphResamplerParams({8000, 44100, MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Best}),
+                TestFlowgraphResamplerParams({11025, 24000, MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Best}),
+                TestFlowgraphResamplerParams({11025, 48000,
+                        MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Fastest}),
+                TestFlowgraphResamplerParams({11025, 48000, MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Low}),
+                TestFlowgraphResamplerParams({11025, 48000,
+                        MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Medium}),
+                TestFlowgraphResamplerParams({11025, 48000, MultiChannelResampler::Quality::High}),
+                TestFlowgraphResamplerParams({11025, 48000, MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Best}),
+                TestFlowgraphResamplerParams({11025, 44100, MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Best}),
+                TestFlowgraphResamplerParams({11025, 88200, MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Best}),
+                TestFlowgraphResamplerParams({16000, 48000, MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Best}),
+                TestFlowgraphResamplerParams({44100, 48000, MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Low}),
+                TestFlowgraphResamplerParams({44100, 48000, MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Best}),
+                TestFlowgraphResamplerParams({48000, 11025, MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Best}),
+                TestFlowgraphResamplerParams({48000, 44100, MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Best}),
+                TestFlowgraphResamplerParams({44100, 11025, MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Best})),
+        &getTestName
+);
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/tests/test_full_queue.cpp b/media/libaaudio/tests/test_full_queue.cpp
index 12d4fa3..8944d89 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/tests/test_full_queue.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/tests/test_full_queue.cpp
@@ -17,31 +17,43 @@
 // Test whether a stream dies if it is written to after a delay.
 // Maybe because the message queue from the AAudio service fills up.
 
+#define LOG_TAG "test_full_queue"
+//#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <aaudio/AAudio.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <algorithm>
 
-constexpr int64_t kNanosPerSecond = 1000000000;
-constexpr int64_t kTimeoutNanos = kNanosPerSecond / 2;
+constexpr int64_t kNanosPerMillisecond = 1e6;
+constexpr int64_t kMicrosPerMillisecond = 1000;
+constexpr int64_t kTimeoutNanos = 50 * kNanosPerMillisecond;
 constexpr int kNumFrames = 256;
 constexpr int kChannelCount = 2;
+constexpr int kNumSamples = kChannelCount * kNumFrames;
 
 static void checkFullQueue(aaudio_performance_mode_t perfMode,
+                           aaudio_sharing_mode_t sharingMode,
                            int32_t sleepMillis) {
-    std::unique_ptr<float[]> buffer = std::make_unique<float[]>(
-            kNumFrames * kChannelCount);
+    aaudio_result_t result;
+    std::unique_ptr<float[]> buffer = std::make_unique<float[]>(kNumSamples);
+    for (int i = 0; i < kNumSamples; i++) {
+        buffer[i] = (drand48() - 0.5) * 0.05; // random buzzy waveform
+    }
 
     AAudioStreamBuilder *aaudioBuilder = nullptr;
 
     // Use an AAudioStreamBuilder to contain requested parameters.
     ASSERT_EQ(AAUDIO_OK, AAudio_createStreamBuilder(&aaudioBuilder));
 
-    AAudioStreamBuilder_setChannelCount(aaudioBuilder, kChannelCount);
-
     // Request stream properties.
+    AAudioStreamBuilder_setChannelCount(aaudioBuilder, kChannelCount);
     AAudioStreamBuilder_setPerformanceMode(aaudioBuilder, perfMode);
+    AAudioStreamBuilder_setSharingMode(aaudioBuilder, sharingMode);
 
     // Create an AAudioStream using the Builder.
     AAudioStream *aaudioStream = nullptr;
@@ -49,13 +61,26 @@
             &aaudioStream));
     AAudioStreamBuilder_delete(aaudioBuilder);
 
+    int bufferSize = std::max(
+            2 * AAudioStream_getFramesPerBurst(aaudioStream),
+            2 * kNumFrames
+            );
+    AAudioStream_setBufferSizeInFrames(aaudioStream, bufferSize);
+
     EXPECT_EQ(AAUDIO_OK, AAudioStream_requestStart(aaudioStream));
 
-    // Sleep for awhile. This might kill the stream.
-    usleep(sleepMillis * 1000); // 1000 millis in a microsecond
+#if 0
+    int32_t capacity = AAudioStream_getBufferCapacityInFrames(aaudioStream);
+    ASSERT_LT(20, capacity);
+    int numWrites = 30 * capacity / kNumFrames;
+#else
+    int32_t sampleRate = AAudioStream_getSampleRate(aaudioStream);
+    EXPECT_LT(7000, sampleRate);
+    int numWrites = 1 * sampleRate / kNumFrames;
+#endif
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-        const aaudio_result_t result = AAudioStream_write(aaudioStream,
+    for (int i = 0; i < numWrites/2; i++) {
+        result = AAudioStream_write(aaudioStream,
                 buffer.get(),
                 kNumFrames,
                 kTimeoutNanos);
@@ -63,31 +88,100 @@
         if (kNumFrames != result) break;
     }
 
+    // Sleep for awhile. This might kill the stream.
+    ALOGD("%s() start sleeping %d millis", __func__, sleepMillis);
+    usleep(sleepMillis * kMicrosPerMillisecond);
+    ALOGD("%s() start writing", __func__);
+
+    // Let CPU catch up with the hardware.
+    int64_t framesRead = AAudioStream_getFramesRead(aaudioStream);
+    int64_t framesWritten = AAudioStream_getFramesWritten(aaudioStream);
+
+    ALOGD("%s() after hang, read = %jd, written = %jd, w-r = %jd",
+          __func__, (intmax_t) framesRead, (intmax_t) framesWritten,
+          (intmax_t)(framesWritten - framesRead));
+    int countDown = 2 * sleepMillis * sampleRate / (kNumFrames * 1000);
+    do {
+        result = AAudioStream_write(aaudioStream,
+                buffer.get(),
+                kNumFrames,
+                kTimeoutNanos);
+
+        ALOGD("%s() catching up, wrote %d frames", __func__, result);
+        framesRead = AAudioStream_getFramesRead(aaudioStream);
+        framesWritten = AAudioStream_getFramesWritten(aaudioStream);
+        countDown--;
+    } while ((framesRead > framesWritten)
+        && (countDown > 0)
+        && (kNumFrames == result));
+    EXPECT_LE(framesRead, framesWritten);
+    EXPECT_GT(countDown, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(kNumFrames, result);
+    ALOGD("%s() after catch up, read = %jd, written = %jd, w-r = %jd",
+          __func__, (intmax_t) framesRead, (intmax_t) framesWritten,
+          (intmax_t)(framesWritten - framesRead));
+
+    // Try to keep the stream full.
+    for (int i = 0; i < numWrites; i++) {
+        ALOGD("%s() try to write", __func__);
+        result = AAudioStream_write(aaudioStream,
+                buffer.get(),
+                kNumFrames,
+                kTimeoutNanos);
+        ALOGD("%s() wrote %d frames", __func__, result);
+        EXPECT_EQ(kNumFrames, result);
+        if (kNumFrames != result) break;
+    }
+
     EXPECT_EQ(AAUDIO_OK, AAudioStream_requestStop(aaudioStream));
 
     EXPECT_EQ(AAUDIO_OK, AAudioStream_close(aaudioStream));
 }
 
-TEST(test_full_queue, aaudio_full_queue_perf_none_50) {
-    checkFullQueue(AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_NONE, 50 /* sleepMillis */);
+// ==== Default Latency, SHARED ===========
+TEST(test_full_queue, aaudio_full_queue_perf_none_sh_50) {
+    checkFullQueue(AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_NONE,
+                   AAUDIO_SHARING_MODE_SHARED, 50 /* sleepMillis */);
 }
 
-TEST(test_full_queue, aaudio_full_queue_perf_none_200) {
-    checkFullQueue(AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_NONE, 200 /* sleepMillis */);
+TEST(test_full_queue, aaudio_full_queue_perf_none_sh_400) {
+    checkFullQueue(AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_NONE,
+                   AAUDIO_SHARING_MODE_SHARED, 400 /* sleepMillis */);
 }
 
-TEST(test_full_queue, aaudio_full_queue_perf_none_1000) {
-    checkFullQueue(AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_NONE, 1000 /* sleepMillis */);
+TEST(test_full_queue, aaudio_full_queue_perf_none_sh_1000) {
+    checkFullQueue(AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_NONE,
+                   AAUDIO_SHARING_MODE_SHARED, 1000 /* sleepMillis */);
 }
 
-TEST(test_full_queue, aaudio_full_queue_low_latency_50) {
-    checkFullQueue(AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_LOW_LATENCY, 50 /* sleepMillis */);
+// ==== Low Latency, SHARED ===========
+TEST(test_full_queue, aaudio_full_queue_low_latency_sh_50) {
+    checkFullQueue(AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_LOW_LATENCY,
+                   AAUDIO_SHARING_MODE_SHARED, 50 /* sleepMillis */);
 }
 
-TEST(test_full_queue, aaudio_full_queue_low_latency_200) {
-    checkFullQueue(AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_LOW_LATENCY, 200 /* sleepMillis */);
+TEST(test_full_queue, aaudio_full_queue_low_latency_sh_400) {
+    checkFullQueue(AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_LOW_LATENCY,
+                   AAUDIO_SHARING_MODE_SHARED, 400 /* sleepMillis */);
 }
 
-TEST(test_full_queue, aaudio_full_queue_low_latency_1000) {
-    checkFullQueue(AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_LOW_LATENCY, 1000 /* sleepMillis */);
+TEST(test_full_queue, aaudio_full_queue_low_latency_sh_1000) {
+    checkFullQueue(AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_LOW_LATENCY,
+                   AAUDIO_SHARING_MODE_SHARED, 1000 /* sleepMillis */);
+}
+
+// ==== Low Latency, EXCLUSIVE ===========
+TEST(test_full_queue, aaudio_full_queue_low_latency_excl_50) {
+    checkFullQueue(AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_LOW_LATENCY,
+                   AAUDIO_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE, 50 /* sleepMillis */);
+}
+
+TEST(test_full_queue, aaudio_full_queue_low_latency_excl_400) {
+    checkFullQueue(AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_LOW_LATENCY,
+                   AAUDIO_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE, 400 /* sleepMillis */);
+}
+
+TEST(test_full_queue, aaudio_full_queue_low_latency_excl_1000) {
+    checkFullQueue(AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_LOW_LATENCY,
+                   AAUDIO_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE, 1000 /* sleepMillis */);
 }
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/tests/test_idle_disconnected_shared_stream.cpp b/media/libaaudio/tests/test_idle_disconnected_shared_stream.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e24b6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/libaaudio/tests/test_idle_disconnected_shared_stream.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// When receive disconnect event, ignore it and leave the shared stream at OPEN
+// state. It should be possible to open another shared stream and start it.
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <aaudio/AAudio.h>
+#include <aaudio/AAudioTesting.h>
+
+static constexpr unsigned int ONE_SECOND = 1e6;
+static constexpr unsigned int WAIT_TIME_MS = 10 * ONE_SECOND;
+#define MMAP_POLICY              AAUDIO_POLICY_ALWAYS
+
+AAudioStream* openStream() {
+    AAudioStreamBuilder *aaudioBuilder = nullptr;
+    aaudio_result_t result = AAudio_createStreamBuilder(&aaudioBuilder);
+    if (result != AAUDIO_OK) {
+        printf("Failed to create stream builder, result=%d, %s\n",
+               result, AAudio_convertResultToText(result));
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    AAudioStreamBuilder_setSharingMode(aaudioBuilder, AAUDIO_SHARING_MODE_SHARED);
+    AAudioStreamBuilder_setPerformanceMode(aaudioBuilder, AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_LOW_LATENCY);
+    AAudioStream* aaudioStream;
+    result = AAudioStreamBuilder_openStream(aaudioBuilder, &aaudioStream);
+    if (result != AAUDIO_OK) {
+        printf("ERROR could not open AAudio stream, %d %s\n",
+               result, AAudio_convertResultToText(result));
+    }
+    AAudioStreamBuilder_delete(aaudioBuilder);
+    return aaudioStream;
+}
+
+aaudio_result_t testNoCloseSharedStreamAfterRoutingChanged(bool stopFirstStream) {
+    aaudio_result_t result = AAUDIO_OK;
+    printf("Please connect external device that supports MMAP playback, will wait 10 seconds\n");
+    usleep(WAIT_TIME_MS);
+
+    // Open first shared stream
+    printf("Open first shared stream\n");
+    AAudioStream* firstStream = openStream();
+    if (firstStream == nullptr) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    result = AAudioStream_requestStart(firstStream);
+    if (result != AAUDIO_OK) {
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    if (stopFirstStream) {
+        printf("Stop first shared stream\n");
+        result = AAudioStream_requestStop(firstStream);
+        if (result != AAUDIO_OK) {
+            return result;
+        }
+        printf("Wait to make sure the stream is stopped\n");
+        usleep(ONE_SECOND * 3);
+    }
+
+    printf("Please disconnect and reconnect the external device, will wait 10 second\n");
+    usleep(WAIT_TIME_MS);
+
+    // Open second stream after the first shared stream was reconnected
+    printf("Open second shared stream\n");
+    AAudioStream* secondStream = openStream();
+    if (secondStream == nullptr) {
+        result = 1;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    // Starting second stream should be successful
+    printf("Start second shared stream\n");
+    result = AAudioStream_requestStart(secondStream);
+    if (result != AAUDIO_OK) {
+        printf("ERROR could not start second stream, %d %s\n",
+               result, AAudio_convertResultToText(result));
+    }
+
+exit:
+    // Close all streams
+    AAudioStream_close(firstStream);
+    AAudioStream_close(secondStream);
+    return result;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+    (void) argc; // unused
+    (void) argv; // unused
+
+    aaudio_policy_t originalPolicy = AAudio_getMMapPolicy();
+    AAudio_setMMapPolicy(MMAP_POLICY);
+
+    printf("Run first test. The first stream is started when routing changed.\n");
+    aaudio_result_t result = testNoCloseSharedStreamAfterRoutingChanged(false /*stopFirstStream*/);
+
+    if (result != AAUDIO_OK) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    printf("First test passed\n");
+    printf("----------------------------------------------------------------\n");
+    printf("Run second test. The first stream is stopped when routing changed.\n");
+    if (testNoCloseSharedStreamAfterRoutingChanged(true /*stopFirstStream*/) == AAUDIO_OK) {
+        printf("Second test passed\n");
+    }
+
+exit:
+    AAudio_setMMapPolicy(originalPolicy);
+
+    return result != AAUDIO_OK ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/tests/test_multiple_close_simultaneously.cpp b/media/libaaudio/tests/test_multiple_close_simultaneously.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6351b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/libaaudio/tests/test_multiple_close_simultaneously.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "test_multiple_close_simultaneously"
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <shared_mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <binder/IBinder.h>
+#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+#include <aaudio/AAudio.h>
+#include <aaudio/IAAudioService.h>
+#include <aaudio/StreamRequest.h>
+#include <aaudio/StreamParameters.h>
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace aaudio;
+
+#define AAUDIO_SERVICE_NAME "media.aaudio"
+
+static constexpr int THREAD_NUM = 2;
+static constexpr auto TEST_DURATION = std::chrono::minutes(1);
+
+static std::string sError;
+static bool sTestPassed = true;
+
+struct Signal {
+    std::atomic_int value{0};
+    std::shared_mutex lock;
+    std::condition_variable_any cv;
+};
+
+class AAudioServiceDeathRecipient : public IBinder::DeathRecipient {
+public:
+    void binderDied(const wp<IBinder>& who __unused) override {
+        sError = "AAudioService is dead";
+        ALOGE("%s", sError.c_str());
+        sTestPassed = false;
+    }
+};
+
+sp<IAAudioService> getAAudioService(const sp<IBinder::DeathRecipient>& recipient) {
+    auto sm = defaultServiceManager();
+    if (sm == nullptr) {
+        sError = "Cannot get service manager";
+        ALOGE("%s", sError.c_str());
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    sp<IBinder> binder = sm->waitForService(String16(AAUDIO_SERVICE_NAME));
+    if (binder == nullptr) {
+        sError = "Cannot get aaudio service";
+        ALOGE("%s", sError.c_str());
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (binder->linkToDeath(recipient) != NO_ERROR) {
+        sError = "Cannot link to binder death";
+        ALOGE("%s", sError.c_str());
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return interface_cast<IAAudioService>(binder);
+}
+
+void openAndMultipleClose(const sp<IAAudioService>& aaudioService) {
+    auto start = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+    bool hasFailedOpening = false;
+    while (sTestPassed && std::chrono::system_clock::now() - start < TEST_DURATION) {
+        StreamRequest inRequest;
+        StreamParameters outParams;
+        int32_t handle = 0;
+        inRequest.attributionSource.uid = getuid();
+        inRequest.attributionSource.pid = getpid();
+        inRequest.attributionSource.token = sp<BBinder>::make();
+        auto status = aaudioService->openStream(inRequest, &outParams, &handle);
+        if (!status.isOk()) {
+            sError = "Cannot open stream, it can be caused by service death";
+            ALOGE("%s", sError.c_str());
+            sTestPassed = false;
+            break;
+        }
+        if (handle <= 0) {
+            sError = "Cannot get stream handle after open, returned handle"
+                    + std::to_string(handle);
+            ALOGE("%s", sError.c_str());
+            sTestPassed = false;
+            break;
+        }
+        hasFailedOpening = false;
+
+        Signal isReady;
+        Signal startWork;
+        Signal isCompleted;
+        std::unique_lock readyLock(isReady.lock);
+        std::unique_lock completedLock(isCompleted.lock);
+        for (int i = 0; i < THREAD_NUM; ++i) {
+            std::thread closeStream([aaudioService, handle, &isReady, &startWork, &isCompleted] {
+                isReady.value++;
+                isReady.cv.notify_one();
+                {
+                    std::shared_lock<std::shared_mutex> _l(startWork.lock);
+                    startWork.cv.wait(_l, [&startWork] { return startWork.value.load() == 1; });
+                }
+                int32_t result;
+                aaudioService->closeStream(handle, &result);
+                isCompleted.value++;
+                isCompleted.cv.notify_one();
+            });
+            closeStream.detach();
+        }
+        isReady.cv.wait(readyLock, [&isReady] { return isReady.value == THREAD_NUM; });
+        {
+            std::unique_lock startWorkLock(startWork.lock);
+            startWork.value.store(1);
+        }
+        startWork.cv.notify_all();
+        isCompleted.cv.wait_for(completedLock,
+                                std::chrono::milliseconds(1000),
+                                [&isCompleted] { return isCompleted.value == THREAD_NUM; });
+        if (isCompleted.value != THREAD_NUM) {
+            sError = "Close is not completed within 1 second";
+            ALOGE("%s", sError.c_str());
+            sTestPassed = false;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(test_multiple_close_simultaneously, open_multiple_close) {
+    const auto recipient = sp<AAudioServiceDeathRecipient>::make();
+    auto aaudioService = getAAudioService(recipient);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, aaudioService) << sError;
+    openAndMultipleClose(aaudioService);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(sTestPassed) << sError;
+}
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/tests/test_resampler.cpp b/media/libaaudio/tests/test_resampler.cpp
index 1e4f59c..13e4a20 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/tests/test_resampler.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/tests/test_resampler.cpp
@@ -101,14 +101,20 @@
         }
     }
 
+    // Flush out remaining frames from the flowgraph
+    while (!mcResampler->isWriteNeeded()) {
+        mcResampler->readNextFrame(output);
+        output++;
+        numRead++;
+    }
+
     ASSERT_LE(numRead, kNumOutputSamples);
     // Some frames are lost priming the FIR filter.
-    const int kMaxAlgorithmicFrameLoss = 16;
+    const int kMaxAlgorithmicFrameLoss = 5;
     EXPECT_GT(numRead, kNumOutputSamples - kMaxAlgorithmicFrameLoss);
 
     int sinkZeroCrossingCount = countZeroCrossingsWithHysteresis(outputBuffer.get(), numRead);
-    // Some cycles may get chopped off at the end.
-    const int kMaxZeroCrossingDelta = 3;
+    const int kMaxZeroCrossingDelta = std::max(sinkRate / sourceRate / 2, 1);
     EXPECT_LE(abs(sourceZeroCrossingCount - sinkZeroCrossingCount), kMaxZeroCrossingDelta);
 
     // Detect glitches by looking for spikes in the second derivative.
@@ -136,8 +142,7 @@
 
 
 TEST(test_resampler, resampler_scan_all) {
-    // TODO Add 64000, 88200, 96000 when they work. Failing now.
-    const int rates[] = {8000, 11025, 22050, 32000, 44100, 48000};
+    const int rates[] = {8000, 11025, 22050, 32000, 44100, 48000, 64000, 88200, 96000};
     const MultiChannelResampler::Quality qualities[] =
     {
         MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Fastest,
@@ -193,10 +198,9 @@
     checkResampler(11025, 44100, MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Best);
 }
 
-// TODO This fails because the output is very low.
-//TEST(test_resampler, resampler_11025_88200_best) {
-//    checkResampler(11025, 88200, MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Best);
-//}
+TEST(test_resampler, resampler_11025_88200_best) {
+    checkResampler(11025, 88200, MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Best);
+}
 
 TEST(test_resampler, resampler_16000_48000_best) {
     checkResampler(16000, 48000, MultiChannelResampler::Quality::Best);
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/tests/test_various.cpp b/media/libaaudio/tests/test_various.cpp
index b68fc7b..eea8783 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/tests/test_various.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/tests/test_various.cpp
@@ -829,7 +829,7 @@
 
     void waitForFinished() {
         std::unique_lock <std::mutex> aLock(mutex);
-        conditionVariable.wait(aLock, [=] { return finished; });
+        conditionVariable.wait(aLock, [this] { return finished; });
     }
 
     // For signalling foreground test when callback finished
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/Android.bp b/media/libaudioclient/Android.bp
index b44dc18..51a679b 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/Android.bp
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/Android.bp
@@ -341,6 +341,7 @@
     srcs: [
         "aidl/android/media/AudioAttributesEx.aidl",
         "aidl/android/media/AudioMix.aidl",
+        "aidl/android/media/AudioMixUpdate.aidl",
         "aidl/android/media/AudioMixerAttributesInternal.aidl",
         "aidl/android/media/AudioMixerBehavior.aidl",
         "aidl/android/media/AudioMixCallbackFlag.aidl",
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/AudioSystem.cpp b/media/libaudioclient/AudioSystem.cpp
index 5b94845..5bfdd5f 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/AudioSystem.cpp
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/AudioSystem.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 
 #include <android/media/IAudioPolicyService.h>
+#include <android/media/AudioMixUpdate.h>
 #include <android/media/BnCaptureStateListener.h>
 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
 #include <binder/ProcessState.h>
@@ -132,12 +133,10 @@
                 binder = gAudioFlingerBinder;
             } else {
                 sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
-                do {
-                    binder = sm->getService(String16(IAudioFlinger::DEFAULT_SERVICE_NAME));
-                    if (binder != nullptr) break;
-                    ALOGW("AudioFlinger not published, waiting...");
-                    usleep(500000); // 0.5 s
-                } while (true);
+                binder = sm->waitForService(String16(IAudioFlinger::DEFAULT_SERVICE_NAME));
+                if (binder == nullptr) {
+                    return nullptr;
+                }
             }
             binder->linkToDeath(gAudioFlingerClient);
             const auto afs = interface_cast<media::IAudioFlingerService>(binder);
@@ -880,14 +879,10 @@
         Mutex::Autolock _l(gLockAPS);
         if (gAudioPolicyService == 0) {
             sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
-            sp<IBinder> binder;
-            do {
-                binder = sm->getService(String16("media.audio_policy"));
-                if (binder != 0)
-                    break;
-                ALOGW("AudioPolicyService not published, waiting...");
-                usleep(500000); // 0.5 s
-            } while (true);
+            sp<IBinder> binder = sm->waitForService(String16("media.audio_policy"));
+            if (binder == nullptr) {
+                return nullptr;
+            }
             if (gAudioPolicyServiceClient == NULL) {
                 gAudioPolicyServiceClient = new AudioPolicyServiceClient();
             }
@@ -1848,6 +1843,27 @@
     return statusTFromBinderStatus(aps->registerPolicyMixes(mixesAidl, registration));
 }
 
+status_t AudioSystem::updatePolicyMixes(
+        const std::vector<std::pair<AudioMix, std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion>>>&
+                mixesWithUpdates) {
+    const sp<IAudioPolicyService>& aps = AudioSystem::get_audio_policy_service();
+    if (aps == 0) return PERMISSION_DENIED;
+
+    std::vector<media::AudioMixUpdate> updatesAidl;
+    updatesAidl.reserve(mixesWithUpdates.size());
+
+    for (const auto& update : mixesWithUpdates) {
+        media::AudioMixUpdate updateAidl;
+        updateAidl.audioMix = VALUE_OR_RETURN_STATUS(legacy2aidl_AudioMix(update.first));
+        RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(convertRange(update.second.begin(), update.second.end(),
+                                            std::back_inserter(updateAidl.newCriteria),
+                                            legacy2aidl_AudioMixMatchCriterion));
+        updatesAidl.emplace_back(updateAidl);
+    }
+
+    return statusTFromBinderStatus(aps->updatePolicyMixes(updatesAidl));
+}
+
 status_t AudioSystem::setUidDeviceAffinities(uid_t uid, const AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector& devices) {
     const sp<IAudioPolicyService>& aps = AudioSystem::get_audio_policy_service();
     if (aps == 0) return PERMISSION_DENIED;
@@ -2103,8 +2119,7 @@
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
-    const sp<IAudioPolicyService>
-            & aps = AudioSystem::get_audio_policy_service();
+    const sp<IAudioPolicyService>& aps = AudioSystem::get_audio_policy_service();
     if (aps == 0) return PERMISSION_DENIED;
 
     std::vector<AudioFormatDescription> formatsAidl;
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/AudioTrack.cpp b/media/libaudioclient/AudioTrack.cpp
index ae37152..565427b 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/AudioTrack.cpp
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/AudioTrack.cpp
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@
     (void) updateAndGetPosition_l();
 
     // save start timestamp
-    if (isOffloadedOrDirect_l()) {
+    if (isAfTrackOffloadedOrDirect_l()) {
         if (getTimestamp_l(mStartTs) != OK) {
             mStartTs.mPosition = 0;
         }
@@ -833,7 +833,7 @@
         mTimestampStaleTimeReported = false;
         mPreviousLocation = ExtendedTimestamp::LOCATION_INVALID;
 
-        if (!isOffloadedOrDirect_l()
+        if (!isAfTrackOffloadedOrDirect_l()
                 && mStartEts.mTimeNs[ExtendedTimestamp::LOCATION_SERVER] > 0) {
             // Server side has consumed something, but is it finished consuming?
             // It is possible since flush and stop are asynchronous that the server
@@ -1916,6 +1916,7 @@
     mAfChannelCount = audio_channel_count_from_out_mask(output.afChannelMask);
     mAfFormat = output.afFormat;
     mAfLatency = output.afLatencyMs;
+    mAfTrackFlags = output.afTrackFlags;
 
     mLatency = mAfLatency + (1000LL * mFrameCount) / mSampleRate;
 
@@ -2858,7 +2859,9 @@
 
     if (isOffloadedOrDirect_l() || mDoNotReconnect) {
         // FIXME re-creation of offloaded and direct tracks is not yet implemented;
-        // reconsider enabling for linear PCM encodings when position can be preserved.
+        // Disabled since (1) timestamp correction is not implemented for non-PCM and
+        // (2) We pre-empt existing direct tracks on resource constraint, so these tracks
+        // shouldn't reconnect.
         result = DEAD_OBJECT;
         return result;
     }
@@ -3181,7 +3184,7 @@
     // To avoid a race, read the presented frames first.  This ensures that presented <= consumed.
 
     status_t status;
-    if (isOffloadedOrDirect_l()) {
+    if (isAfTrackOffloadedOrDirect_l()) {
         // use Binder to get timestamp
         media::AudioTimestampInternal ts;
         mAudioTrack->getTimestamp(&ts, &status);
@@ -3293,7 +3296,7 @@
         ALOGV_IF(status != WOULD_BLOCK, "%s(%d): getTimestamp error:%#x", __func__, mPortId, status);
         return status;
     }
-    if (isOffloadedOrDirect_l()) {
+    if (isAfTrackOffloadedOrDirect_l()) {
         if (isOffloaded_l() && (mState == STATE_PAUSED || mState == STATE_PAUSED_STOPPING)) {
             // use cached paused position in case another offloaded track is running.
             timestamp.mPosition = mPausedPosition;
@@ -3739,7 +3742,7 @@
     // This is conservatively figured - if we encounter an unexpected error
     // then we will not wait.
     bool wait = false;
-    if (isOffloadedOrDirect_l()) {
+    if (isAfTrackOffloadedOrDirect_l()) {
         AudioTimestamp ts;
         status_t status = getTimestamp_l(ts);
         if (status == WOULD_BLOCK) {
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/IAudioFlinger.cpp b/media/libaudioclient/IAudioFlinger.cpp
index 01edf72..48f8992 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/IAudioFlinger.cpp
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/IAudioFlinger.cpp
@@ -116,6 +116,8 @@
             legacy2aidl_audio_channel_mask_t_AudioChannelLayout(afChannelMask, false /*isInput*/));
     aidl.afFormat = VALUE_OR_RETURN(
             legacy2aidl_audio_format_t_AudioFormatDescription(afFormat));
+    aidl.afTrackFlags = VALUE_OR_RETURN(
+            legacy2aidl_audio_output_flags_t_int32_t_mask(afTrackFlags));
     aidl.outputId = VALUE_OR_RETURN(legacy2aidl_audio_io_handle_t_int32_t(outputId));
     aidl.portId = VALUE_OR_RETURN(legacy2aidl_audio_port_handle_t_int32_t(portId));
     aidl.audioTrack = audioTrack;
@@ -144,6 +146,8 @@
                                                                 false /*isInput*/));
     legacy.afFormat = VALUE_OR_RETURN(
             aidl2legacy_AudioFormatDescription_audio_format_t(aidl.afFormat));
+    legacy.afTrackFlags = VALUE_OR_RETURN(
+            aidl2legacy_int32_t_audio_output_flags_t_mask(aidl.afTrackFlags));
     legacy.outputId = VALUE_OR_RETURN(aidl2legacy_int32_t_audio_io_handle_t(aidl.outputId));
     legacy.portId = VALUE_OR_RETURN(aidl2legacy_int32_t_audio_port_handle_t(aidl.portId));
     legacy.audioTrack = aidl.audioTrack;
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/aidl/android/media/AudioMixUpdate.aidl b/media/libaudioclient/aidl/android/media/AudioMixUpdate.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d481b1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/aidl/android/media/AudioMixUpdate.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.media;
+
+import android.media.AudioMix;
+import android.media.AudioMixMatchCriterion;
+
+
+/**
+ * {@hide}
+ */
+parcelable AudioMixUpdate {
+    // Audio mix to update.
+    AudioMix audioMix;
+    // Updated audio mixing rule.
+    AudioMixMatchCriterion[] newCriteria;
+}
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/aidl/android/media/CreateTrackResponse.aidl b/media/libaudioclient/aidl/android/media/CreateTrackResponse.aidl
index 42e0bb4..ab60461 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/aidl/android/media/CreateTrackResponse.aidl
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/aidl/android/media/CreateTrackResponse.aidl
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
     AudioChannelLayout afChannelMask;
     AudioFormatDescription afFormat;
     int afLatencyMs;
+    int afTrackFlags;
     /** Interpreted as audio_io_handle_t. */
     int outputId;
     /** Interpreted as audio_port_handle_t. */
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/aidl/android/media/IAudioPolicyService.aidl b/media/libaudioclient/aidl/android/media/IAudioPolicyService.aidl
index 3e9b27f..52c8da0 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/aidl/android/media/IAudioPolicyService.aidl
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/aidl/android/media/IAudioPolicyService.aidl
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 import android.media.AudioDirectMode;
 import android.media.AudioMix;
+import android.media.AudioMixUpdate;
 import android.media.AudioMixerAttributesInternal;
 import android.media.AudioOffloadMode;
 import android.media.AudioPatchFw;
@@ -262,6 +263,8 @@
 
     void registerPolicyMixes(in AudioMix[] mixes, boolean registration);
 
+    void updatePolicyMixes(in AudioMixUpdate[] updates);
+
     void setUidDeviceAffinities(int /* uid_t */ uid, in AudioDevice[] devices);
 
     void removeUidDeviceAffinities(int /* uid_t */ uid);
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioSystem.h b/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioSystem.h
index 0215f3c..a1f7941 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioSystem.h
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioSystem.h
@@ -462,6 +462,10 @@
 
     static status_t registerPolicyMixes(const Vector<AudioMix>& mixes, bool registration);
 
+    static status_t updatePolicyMixes(
+        const std::vector<
+                std::pair<AudioMix, std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion>>>& mixesWithUpdates);
+
     static status_t setUidDeviceAffinities(uid_t uid, const AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector& devices);
 
     static status_t removeUidDeviceAffinities(uid_t uid);
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioTrack.h b/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioTrack.h
index 8f712db..523383f 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioTrack.h
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/include/media/AudioTrack.h
@@ -1238,6 +1238,11 @@
             bool     isDirect_l() const
                 { return (mFlags & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT) != 0; }
 
+            bool     isAfTrackOffloadedOrDirect_l() const
+                { return isOffloadedOrDirect_l() ||
+                        (mAfTrackFlags & (AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_COMPRESS_OFFLOAD|
+                                AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT)) != 0; }
+
             // pure pcm data is mixable (which excludes HW_AV_SYNC, with embedded timing)
             bool     isPurePcmData_l() const
                 { return audio_is_linear_pcm(mFormat)
@@ -1295,6 +1300,7 @@
     uint32_t                mAfSampleRate;          // AudioFlinger sample rate
     uint32_t                mAfChannelCount;        // AudioFlinger channel count
     audio_format_t          mAfFormat;              // AudioFlinger format
+    audio_output_flags_t    mAfTrackFlags;          // AudioFlinger track flags
 
     // constant after constructor or set()
     audio_format_t          mFormat;                // as requested by client, not forced to 16-bit
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/include/media/IAudioFlinger.h b/media/libaudioclient/include/media/IAudioFlinger.h
index eb27e25..5a1e037 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/include/media/IAudioFlinger.h
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/include/media/IAudioFlinger.h
@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@
         uint32_t afLatencyMs;
         audio_channel_mask_t afChannelMask;
         audio_format_t afFormat;
+        audio_output_flags_t afTrackFlags;
         audio_io_handle_t outputId;
         audio_port_handle_t portId;
         sp<media::IAudioTrack> audioTrack;
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/tests/Android.bp b/media/libaudioclient/tests/Android.bp
index 5b90158..f72ac89 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/tests/Android.bp
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@
     shared_libs: [
         "capture_state_listener-aidl-cpp",
         "framework-permission-aidl-cpp",
+        "libaudioutils",
         "libbase",
         "libcgrouprc",
         "libdl",
@@ -130,7 +131,6 @@
         "libaudiofoundation",
         "libaudiomanager",
         "libaudiopolicy",
-        "libaudioutils",
     ],
     data: ["bbb*.raw"],
     test_config_template: "audio_test_template.xml",
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/tests/audio_aidl_legacy_conversion_tests.cpp b/media/libaudioclient/tests/audio_aidl_legacy_conversion_tests.cpp
index 7f55e48..0be1d7e 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/tests/audio_aidl_legacy_conversion_tests.cpp
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/tests/audio_aidl_legacy_conversion_tests.cpp
@@ -483,8 +483,28 @@
                                  AudioDeviceAddress::make<AudioDeviceAddress::Tag::alsa>(
                                          std::vector<int32_t>{1, 2}))));
 
+TEST(AnonymizedBluetoothAddressRoundTripTest, Legacy2Aidl2Legacy) {
+    const std::vector<uint8_t> sAnonymizedAidlAddress =
+            std::vector<uint8_t>{0xFD, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xAB, 0xCD};
+    const std::string sAnonymizedLegacyAddress = std::string("XX:XX:XX:XX:AB:CD");
+    auto device = legacy2aidl_audio_device_AudioDevice(AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BLUETOOTH_A2DP,
+                                                       sAnonymizedLegacyAddress);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(device.ok());
+    ASSERT_EQ(AudioDeviceAddress::Tag::mac, device.value().address.getTag());
+    ASSERT_EQ(sAnonymizedAidlAddress, device.value().address.get<AudioDeviceAddress::mac>());
+
+    audio_devices_t legacyType;
+    std::string legacyAddress;
+    status_t status =
+            aidl2legacy_AudioDevice_audio_device(device.value(), &legacyType, &legacyAddress);
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, status);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacyType, AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BLUETOOTH_A2DP);
+    EXPECT_EQ(sAnonymizedLegacyAddress, legacyAddress);
+}
+
 class AudioFormatDescriptionRoundTripTest : public testing::TestWithParam<AudioFormatDescription> {
 };
+
 TEST_P(AudioFormatDescriptionRoundTripTest, Aidl2Legacy2Aidl) {
     const auto initial = GetParam();
     auto conv = aidl2legacy_AudioFormatDescription_audio_format_t(initial);
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/tests/audiorouting_tests.cpp b/media/libaudioclient/tests/audiorouting_tests.cpp
index fa990b5..c101f00 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/tests/audiorouting_tests.cpp
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/tests/audiorouting_tests.cpp
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, ap);
         ASSERT_EQ(OK, ap->loadResource("/data/local/tmp/bbb_2ch_24kHz_s16le.raw"))
                 << "Unable to open Resource";
-        EXPECT_EQ(OK, ap->create()) << "track creation failed";
+        ASSERT_EQ(OK, ap->create()) << "track creation failed";
         sp<OnAudioDeviceUpdateNotifier> cb = sp<OnAudioDeviceUpdateNotifier>::make();
         EXPECT_EQ(OK, ap->getAudioTrackHandle()->addAudioDeviceCallback(cb));
         EXPECT_EQ(OK, ap->start()) << "audio track start failed";
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
     sp<AudioCapture> capture = sp<AudioCapture>::make(
             AUDIO_SOURCE_REMOTE_SUBMIX, 48000, AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_STEREO);
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, capture);
-    EXPECT_EQ(OK, capture->create()) << "record creation failed";
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, capture->create()) << "record creation failed";
     sp<OnAudioDeviceUpdateNotifier> cbCapture = sp<OnAudioDeviceUpdateNotifier>::make();
     EXPECT_EQ(OK, capture->getAudioRecordHandle()->addAudioDeviceCallback(cbCapture));
 
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, playback);
     ASSERT_EQ(OK, playback->loadResource("/data/local/tmp/bbb_2ch_24kHz_s16le.raw"))
             << "Unable to open Resource";
-    EXPECT_EQ(OK, playback->create()) << "track creation failed";
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, playback->create()) << "track creation failed";
     sp<OnAudioDeviceUpdateNotifier> cbPlayback = sp<OnAudioDeviceUpdateNotifier>::make();
     EXPECT_EQ(OK, playback->getAudioTrackHandle()->addAudioDeviceCallback(cbPlayback));
 
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, playback);
     ASSERT_EQ(OK, playback->loadResource("/data/local/tmp/bbb_2ch_24kHz_s16le.raw"))
             << "Unable to open Resource";
-    EXPECT_EQ(OK, playback->create()) << "track creation failed";
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, playback->create()) << "track creation failed";
     sp<OnAudioDeviceUpdateNotifier> cbPlayback = sp<OnAudioDeviceUpdateNotifier>::make();
     EXPECT_EQ(OK, playback->getAudioTrackHandle()->addAudioDeviceCallback(cbPlayback));
 
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@
     sp<AudioCapture> captureA = sp<AudioCapture>::make(
             AUDIO_SOURCE_REMOTE_SUBMIX, 48000, AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_STEREO);
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, captureA);
-    EXPECT_EQ(OK, captureA->create()) << "record creation failed";
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, captureA->create()) << "record creation failed";
     sp<OnAudioDeviceUpdateNotifier> cbCaptureA = sp<OnAudioDeviceUpdateNotifier>::make();
     EXPECT_EQ(OK, captureA->getAudioRecordHandle()->addAudioDeviceCallback(cbCaptureA));
 
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@
             AUDIO_SOURCE_REMOTE_SUBMIX, 48000, AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_STEREO,
             AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_NONE, AUDIO_SESSION_ALLOCATE, AudioRecord::TRANSFER_CALLBACK, &attr);
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, captureB);
-    EXPECT_EQ(OK, captureB->create()) << "record creation failed";
+    ASSERT_EQ(OK, captureB->create()) << "record creation failed";
     sp<OnAudioDeviceUpdateNotifier> cbCaptureB = sp<OnAudioDeviceUpdateNotifier>::make();
     EXPECT_EQ(OK, captureB->getAudioRecordHandle()->addAudioDeviceCallback(cbCaptureB));
 
diff --git a/media/libaudiohal/impl/DeviceHalAidl.cpp b/media/libaudiohal/impl/DeviceHalAidl.cpp
index 2af18cc..db9a9b1 100644
--- a/media/libaudiohal/impl/DeviceHalAidl.cpp
+++ b/media/libaudiohal/impl/DeviceHalAidl.cpp
@@ -267,6 +267,9 @@
     if (status_t status = filterAndRetrieveBtA2dpParameters(parameterKeys, &result); status != OK) {
         ALOGW("%s: filtering or retrieving BT A2DP parameters failed: %d", __func__, status);
     }
+    if (status_t status = filterAndRetrieveBtLeParameters(parameterKeys, &result); status != OK) {
+        ALOGW("%s: filtering or retrieving BT LE parameters failed: %d", __func__, status);
+    }
     *values = result.toString();
     return parseAndGetVendorParameters(mVendorExt, mModule, parameterKeys, values);
 }
@@ -897,6 +900,14 @@
                 __func__, module.c_str());
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
+
+    if (mSoundDose == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s failed to return the sound dose interface for module %s: not implemented",
+                  __func__,
+                  module.c_str());
+        return NO_INIT;
+    }
+
     *soundDoseBinder = mSoundDose->asBinder();
     ALOGI("%s using audio AIDL HAL sound dose interface", __func__);
     return OK;
@@ -1004,6 +1015,23 @@
     return OK;
 }
 
+status_t DeviceHalAidl::filterAndRetrieveBtLeParameters(
+        AudioParameter &keys, AudioParameter *result) {
+    if (String8 key = String8(AudioParameter::keyReconfigLeSupported); keys.containsKey(key)) {
+        keys.remove(key);
+        if (mBluetoothLe != nullptr) {
+            bool supports;
+            RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(statusTFromBinderStatus(
+                            mBluetoothLe->supportsOffloadReconfiguration(&supports)));
+            result->addInt(key, supports ? 1 : 0);
+        } else {
+            ALOGI("%s: no mBluetoothLe on %s", __func__, mInstance.c_str());
+            result->addInt(key, 0);
+        }
+    }
+    return OK;
+}
+
 status_t DeviceHalAidl::filterAndUpdateBtA2dpParameters(AudioParameter &parameters) {
     std::optional<bool> a2dpEnabled;
     std::optional<std::vector<VendorParameter>> reconfigureOffload;
@@ -1085,6 +1113,7 @@
 
 status_t DeviceHalAidl::filterAndUpdateBtLeParameters(AudioParameter &parameters) {
     std::optional<bool> leEnabled;
+    std::optional<std::vector<VendorParameter>> reconfigureOffload;
     (void)VALUE_OR_RETURN_STATUS(filterOutAndProcessParameter<String8>(
                     parameters, String8(AudioParameter::keyBtLeSuspended),
                     [&leEnabled](const String8& trueOrFalse) {
@@ -1099,9 +1128,27 @@
                                 AudioParameter::keyBtLeSuspended, trueOrFalse.c_str());
                         return BAD_VALUE;
                     }));
+    (void)VALUE_OR_RETURN_STATUS(filterOutAndProcessParameter<String8>(
+                    parameters, String8(AudioParameter::keyReconfigLe),
+                    [&](const String8& value) -> status_t {
+                        if (mVendorExt != nullptr) {
+                            std::vector<VendorParameter> result;
+                            RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(statusTFromBinderStatus(
+                                    mVendorExt->parseBluetoothLeReconfigureOffload(
+                                            std::string(value.c_str()), &result)));
+                            reconfigureOffload = std::move(result);
+                        } else {
+                            reconfigureOffload = std::vector<VendorParameter>();
+                        }
+                        return OK;
+                    }));
     if (mBluetoothLe != nullptr && leEnabled.has_value()) {
         return statusTFromBinderStatus(mBluetoothLe->setEnabled(leEnabled.value()));
     }
+    if (mBluetoothLe != nullptr && reconfigureOffload.has_value()) {
+        return statusTFromBinderStatus(mBluetoothLe->reconfigureOffload(
+                        reconfigureOffload.value()));
+    }
     return OK;
 }
 
diff --git a/media/libaudiohal/impl/DeviceHalAidl.h b/media/libaudiohal/impl/DeviceHalAidl.h
index 9493e47..f705db7 100644
--- a/media/libaudiohal/impl/DeviceHalAidl.h
+++ b/media/libaudiohal/impl/DeviceHalAidl.h
@@ -207,6 +207,7 @@
     ~DeviceHalAidl() override = default;
 
     status_t filterAndRetrieveBtA2dpParameters(AudioParameter &keys, AudioParameter *result);
+    status_t filterAndRetrieveBtLeParameters(AudioParameter &keys, AudioParameter *result);
     status_t filterAndUpdateBtA2dpParameters(AudioParameter &parameters);
     status_t filterAndUpdateBtHfpParameters(AudioParameter &parameters);
     status_t filterAndUpdateBtLeParameters(AudioParameter &parameters);
diff --git a/media/libaudiohal/impl/EffectProxy.cpp b/media/libaudiohal/impl/EffectProxy.cpp
index d73a36c..d440ef8 100644
--- a/media/libaudiohal/impl/EffectProxy.cpp
+++ b/media/libaudiohal/impl/EffectProxy.cpp
@@ -156,6 +156,7 @@
 }
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus EffectProxy::close() {
+    command(CommandId::STOP);
     return runWithAllSubEffects([&](std::shared_ptr<IEffect>& effect) {
         return effect->close();
     });
diff --git a/media/libeffects/hapticgenerator/EffectHapticGenerator.cpp b/media/libeffects/hapticgenerator/EffectHapticGenerator.cpp
index d8cf20e..e89e501 100644
--- a/media/libeffects/hapticgenerator/EffectHapticGenerator.cpp
+++ b/media/libeffects/hapticgenerator/EffectHapticGenerator.cpp
@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
-#include <math.h>
 
 #include <android-base/parsedouble.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <audio_effects/effect_hapticgenerator.h>
 #include <audio_utils/format.h>
+#include <audio_utils/safe_math.h>
 #include <system/audio.h>
 
 static constexpr float DEFAULT_RESONANT_FREQUENCY = 150.0f;
@@ -338,8 +338,9 @@
         const float qFactor = *((float *) value + 1);
         const float maxAmplitude = *((float *) value + 2);
         context->param.resonantFrequency =
-                isnan(resonantFrequency) ? DEFAULT_RESONANT_FREQUENCY : resonantFrequency;
-        context->param.bsfZeroQ = isnan(qFactor) ? DEFAULT_BSF_POLE_Q : qFactor;
+                audio_utils::safe_isnan(resonantFrequency) ? DEFAULT_RESONANT_FREQUENCY
+                                                           : resonantFrequency;
+        context->param.bsfZeroQ = audio_utils::safe_isnan(qFactor) ? DEFAULT_BSF_ZERO_Q : qFactor;
         context->param.bsfPoleQ = context->param.bsfZeroQ / 2.0f;
         context->param.maxHapticAmplitude = maxAmplitude;
         ALOGD("Updating vibrator info, resonantFrequency=%f, bsfZeroQ=%f, bsfPoleQ=%f, "
diff --git a/media/libheif/HeifDecoderImpl.cpp b/media/libheif/HeifDecoderImpl.cpp
index 2ba1fc3..085a7e4 100644
--- a/media/libheif/HeifDecoderImpl.cpp
+++ b/media/libheif/HeifDecoderImpl.cpp
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@
 namespace android {
 
 void initFrameInfo(HeifFrameInfo *info, const VideoFrame *videoFrame) {
-    info->mWidth = videoFrame->mWidth;
-    info->mHeight = videoFrame->mHeight;
+    info->mWidth = videoFrame->mDisplayWidth;
+    info->mHeight = videoFrame->mDisplayHeight;
     info->mRotationAngle = videoFrame->mRotationAngle;
     info->mBytesPerPixel = videoFrame->mBytesPerPixel;
     info->mDurationUs = videoFrame->mDurationUs;
@@ -476,35 +476,37 @@
 }
 
 bool HeifDecoderImpl::setOutputColor(HeifColorFormat heifColor) {
-    if (heifColor == (HeifColorFormat)mOutputColor) {
-        return true;
-    }
-
+    android_pixel_format_t outputColor;
     switch(heifColor) {
         case kHeifColorFormat_RGB565:
         {
-            mOutputColor = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB_565;
+            outputColor = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB_565;
             break;
         }
         case kHeifColorFormat_RGBA_8888:
         {
-            mOutputColor = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888;
+            outputColor = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888;
             break;
         }
         case kHeifColorFormat_BGRA_8888:
         {
-            mOutputColor = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BGRA_8888;
+            outputColor = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BGRA_8888;
             break;
         }
         case kHeifColorFormat_RGBA_1010102:
         {
-            mOutputColor = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_1010102;
+            outputColor = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_1010102;
             break;
         }
         default:
             ALOGE("Unsupported output color format %d", heifColor);
             return false;
     }
+    if (outputColor == mOutputColor) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    mOutputColor = outputColor;
 
     if (mFrameDecoded) {
         return reinit(nullptr);
@@ -740,8 +742,11 @@
     //       Either document why it is safe in this case or address the
     //       issue (e.g. by copying).
     VideoFrame* videoFrame = static_cast<VideoFrame*>(mFrameMemory->unsecurePointer());
-    uint8_t* src = videoFrame->getFlattenedData() + videoFrame->mRowBytes * mCurScanline++;
-    memcpy(dst, src, videoFrame->mBytesPerPixel * videoFrame->mWidth);
+    uint8_t* src = videoFrame->getFlattenedData() +
+                   (videoFrame->mRowBytes * (mCurScanline + videoFrame->mDisplayTop)) +
+                   (videoFrame->mBytesPerPixel * videoFrame->mDisplayLeft);
+    mCurScanline++;
+    memcpy(dst, src, videoFrame->mBytesPerPixel * videoFrame->mDisplayWidth);
     return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/media/libmedia/IMediaDeathNotifier.cpp b/media/libmedia/IMediaDeathNotifier.cpp
index c43ef66..f498453 100644
--- a/media/libmedia/IMediaDeathNotifier.cpp
+++ b/media/libmedia/IMediaDeathNotifier.cpp
@@ -38,16 +38,10 @@
     Mutex::Autolock _l(sServiceLock);
     if (sMediaPlayerService == 0) {
         sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
-        sp<IBinder> binder;
-        do {
-            binder = sm->getService(String16("media.player"));
-            if (binder != 0) {
-                break;
-            }
-            ALOGW("Media player service not published, waiting...");
-            usleep(500000); // 0.5 s
-        } while (true);
-
+        sp<IBinder> binder = sm->waitForService(String16("media.player"));
+        if (binder == nullptr) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
         if (sDeathNotifier == NULL) {
             sDeathNotifier = new DeathNotifier();
         }
diff --git a/media/libmedia/mediametadataretriever.cpp b/media/libmedia/mediametadataretriever.cpp
index 2ae76b3..40fd022 100644
--- a/media/libmedia/mediametadataretriever.cpp
+++ b/media/libmedia/mediametadataretriever.cpp
@@ -41,14 +41,10 @@
     if (sService == 0) {
         sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
         sp<IBinder> binder;
-        do {
-            binder = sm->getService(String16("media.player"));
-            if (binder != 0) {
-                break;
-            }
-            ALOGW("MediaPlayerService not published, waiting...");
-            usleep(500000); // 0.5 s
-        } while (true);
+        binder = sm->waitForService(String16("media.player"));
+        if (binder == nullptr) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
         if (sDeathNotifier == NULL) {
             sDeathNotifier = new DeathNotifier();
         }
diff --git a/media/libmediahelper/AudioParameter.cpp b/media/libmediahelper/AudioParameter.cpp
index f21ea53..e921bd2 100644
--- a/media/libmediahelper/AudioParameter.cpp
+++ b/media/libmediahelper/AudioParameter.cpp
@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@
 const char * const AudioParameter::keyReconfigA2dp = AUDIO_PARAMETER_RECONFIG_A2DP;
 const char * const AudioParameter::keyReconfigA2dpSupported = AUDIO_PARAMETER_A2DP_RECONFIG_SUPPORTED;
 const char * const AudioParameter::keyBtLeSuspended = AUDIO_PARAMETER_KEY_BT_LE_SUSPENDED;
+const char * const AudioParameter::keyReconfigLe = AUDIO_PARAMETER_RECONFIG_LE;
+const char * const AudioParameter::keyReconfigLeSupported = AUDIO_PARAMETER_LE_RECONFIG_SUPPORTED;
 // const char * const AudioParameter::keyDeviceSupportedEncapsulationModes =
 //        AUDIO_PARAMETER_DEVICE_SUP_ENCAPSULATION_MODES;
 // const char * const AudioParameter::keyDeviceSupportedEncapsulationMetadataTypes =
diff --git a/media/libmediahelper/include/media/AudioParameter.h b/media/libmediahelper/include/media/AudioParameter.h
index 21d5117..61e6bcc 100644
--- a/media/libmediahelper/include/media/AudioParameter.h
+++ b/media/libmediahelper/include/media/AudioParameter.h
@@ -121,10 +121,14 @@
     // keyReconfigA2dp: Ask HwModule to reconfigure A2DP offloaded codec
     // keyReconfigA2dpSupported: Query if HwModule supports A2DP offload codec config
     // keyBtLeSuspended: 'true' or 'false'
+    // keyReconfigLe: Ask HwModule to reconfigure LE offloaded codec
+    // keyReconfigLeSupported: Query if HwModule supports LE offload codec config
     static const char * const keyBtA2dpSuspended;
     static const char * const keyReconfigA2dp;
     static const char * const keyReconfigA2dpSupported;
     static const char * const keyBtLeSuspended;
+    static const char * const keyReconfigLe;
+    static const char * const keyReconfigLeSupported;
 
     // For querying device supported encapsulation capabilities. All returned values are integer,
     // which are bit fields composed from using encapsulation capability values as position bits.
diff --git a/media/libmediametrics/include/MediaMetricsConstants.h b/media/libmediametrics/include/MediaMetricsConstants.h
index f80a467..26aa375 100644
--- a/media/libmediametrics/include/MediaMetricsConstants.h
+++ b/media/libmediametrics/include/MediaMetricsConstants.h
@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@
 #define AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_PLAYERIID      "playerIId"      // int32 (-1 invalid/unset IID)
 #define AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_ROUTEDDEVICEID "routedDeviceId" // int32
 #define AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_SAMPLERATE     "sampleRate"     // int32
+#define AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_SAMPLERATECLIENT "sampleRateClient" // int32
 #define AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_SAMPLERATEHARDWARE "sampleRateHardware" // int32
 #define AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_SELECTEDDEVICEID "selectedDeviceId" // int32
 #define AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_SELECTEDMICDIRECTION "selectedMicDirection" // int32
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/StagefrightMetadataRetriever.cpp b/media/libmediaplayerservice/StagefrightMetadataRetriever.cpp
index 84d772d..605e659 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/StagefrightMetadataRetriever.cpp
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/StagefrightMetadataRetriever.cpp
@@ -672,6 +672,18 @@
                     if (trackMeta->findInt32(kKeyWidth, &imageWidth)
                         && trackMeta->findInt32(kKeyHeight, &imageHeight)) {
                         imagePrimary = imageCount;
+                        int32_t displayLeft;
+                        int32_t displayTop;
+                        int32_t displayRight;
+                        int32_t displayBottom;
+                        if (trackMeta->findRect(kKeyCropRect, &displayLeft, &displayTop,
+                                                &displayRight, &displayBottom)
+                            && displayLeft >= 0 && displayTop >= 0 && displayRight < imageWidth
+                            && displayBottom < imageHeight && displayLeft <= displayRight
+                            && displayTop <= displayBottom) {
+                            imageWidth = displayRight - displayLeft + 1;
+                            imageHeight = displayBottom - displayTop + 1;
+                        }
                     } else {
                         ALOGE("primary image track ignored for missing dimensions");
                     }
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/fuzzer/Android.bp b/media/libmediaplayerservice/fuzzer/Android.bp
index 507da29..74b0a85 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/fuzzer/Android.bp
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/fuzzer/Android.bp
@@ -110,6 +110,17 @@
         "libresourcemanagerservice",
         "libmediametricsservice",
         "mediametricsservice-aidl-cpp",
+        "libcameraservice",
+        "android.hardware.camera.common@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.5",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.6",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.7",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider-V3-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.camera.device@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.2",
+        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.4",
+        "libaudiohal@7.0",
     ],
     header_libs: [
         "libaudiohal_headers",
diff --git a/media/libmediaplayerservice/fuzzer/mediarecorder_fuzzer.cpp b/media/libmediaplayerservice/fuzzer/mediarecorder_fuzzer.cpp
index fdac1a1..2518c21 100644
--- a/media/libmediaplayerservice/fuzzer/mediarecorder_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/media/libmediaplayerservice/fuzzer/mediarecorder_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -15,22 +15,22 @@
  *
  */
 
-#include <media/stagefright/foundation/AString.h>
-#include "fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h"
-
 #include <AudioFlinger.h>
 #include <MediaPlayerService.h>
 #include <ResourceManagerService.h>
-#include <fakeservicemanager/FakeServiceManager.h>
 #include <StagefrightRecorder.h>
 #include <camera/Camera.h>
 #include <camera/android/hardware/ICamera.h>
+#include <fakeservicemanager/FakeServiceManager.h>
 #include <gui/IGraphicBufferProducer.h>
 #include <gui/Surface.h>
 #include <gui/SurfaceComposerClient.h>
 #include <media/stagefright/PersistentSurface.h>
+#include <media/stagefright/foundation/AString.h>
 #include <mediametricsservice/MediaMetricsService.h>
 #include <thread>
+#include "CameraService.h"
+#include "fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h"
 
 using namespace std;
 using namespace android;
@@ -46,32 +46,27 @@
     AUDIO_SOURCE_VOICE_RECOGNITION, AUDIO_SOURCE_VOICE_COMMUNICATION,
     AUDIO_SOURCE_REMOTE_SUBMIX,     AUDIO_SOURCE_UNPROCESSED,
     AUDIO_SOURCE_VOICE_PERFORMANCE, AUDIO_SOURCE_ECHO_REFERENCE,
-    AUDIO_SOURCE_FM_TUNER,          AUDIO_SOURCE_HOTWORD};
+    AUDIO_SOURCE_FM_TUNER,          AUDIO_SOURCE_HOTWORD,
+    AUDIO_SOURCE_ULTRASOUND};
+
+constexpr output_format kOutputFormat[] = {
+        OUTPUT_FORMAT_DEFAULT,        OUTPUT_FORMAT_THREE_GPP,
+        OUTPUT_FORMAT_MPEG_4,         OUTPUT_FORMAT_AUDIO_ONLY_START,
+        OUTPUT_FORMAT_RAW_AMR,        OUTPUT_FORMAT_AMR_NB,
+        OUTPUT_FORMAT_AMR_WB,         OUTPUT_FORMAT_AAC_ADTS,
+        OUTPUT_FORMAT_AUDIO_ONLY_END, OUTPUT_FORMAT_RTP_AVP,
+        OUTPUT_FORMAT_MPEG2TS,        OUTPUT_FORMAT_WEBM,
+        OUTPUT_FORMAT_HEIF,           OUTPUT_FORMAT_OGG,
+        OUTPUT_FORMAT_LIST_END};
+
+constexpr video_encoder kVideoEncoder[] = {
+        VIDEO_ENCODER_DEFAULT,      VIDEO_ENCODER_H263, VIDEO_ENCODER_H264,
+        VIDEO_ENCODER_MPEG_4_SP,    VIDEO_ENCODER_VP8,  VIDEO_ENCODER_HEVC,
+        VIDEO_ENCODER_DOLBY_VISION, VIDEO_ENCODER_AV1,  VIDEO_ENCODER_LIST_END};
 
 constexpr audio_microphone_direction_t kSupportedMicrophoneDirections[] = {
     MIC_DIRECTION_UNSPECIFIED, MIC_DIRECTION_FRONT, MIC_DIRECTION_BACK, MIC_DIRECTION_EXTERNAL};
 
-struct RecordingConfig {
-    output_format outputFormat;
-    audio_encoder audioEncoder;
-    video_encoder videoEncoder;
-};
-
-const struct RecordingConfig kRecordingConfigList[] = {
-    {OUTPUT_FORMAT_AMR_NB, AUDIO_ENCODER_AMR_NB, VIDEO_ENCODER_DEFAULT},
-    {OUTPUT_FORMAT_AMR_WB, AUDIO_ENCODER_AMR_WB, VIDEO_ENCODER_DEFAULT},
-    {OUTPUT_FORMAT_AAC_ADTS, AUDIO_ENCODER_AAC, VIDEO_ENCODER_DEFAULT},
-    {OUTPUT_FORMAT_AAC_ADTS, AUDIO_ENCODER_HE_AAC, VIDEO_ENCODER_DEFAULT},
-    {OUTPUT_FORMAT_AAC_ADTS, AUDIO_ENCODER_AAC_ELD, VIDEO_ENCODER_DEFAULT},
-    {OUTPUT_FORMAT_OGG, AUDIO_ENCODER_OPUS, VIDEO_ENCODER_DEFAULT},
-    {OUTPUT_FORMAT_RTP_AVP, AUDIO_ENCODER_DEFAULT, VIDEO_ENCODER_DEFAULT},
-    {OUTPUT_FORMAT_MPEG2TS, AUDIO_ENCODER_AAC, VIDEO_ENCODER_H264},
-    {OUTPUT_FORMAT_WEBM, AUDIO_ENCODER_VORBIS, VIDEO_ENCODER_VP8},
-    {OUTPUT_FORMAT_THREE_GPP, AUDIO_ENCODER_DEFAULT, VIDEO_ENCODER_MPEG_4_SP},
-    {OUTPUT_FORMAT_MPEG_4, AUDIO_ENCODER_AAC, VIDEO_ENCODER_H264},
-    {OUTPUT_FORMAT_MPEG_4, AUDIO_ENCODER_DEFAULT, VIDEO_ENCODER_MPEG_4_SP},
-    {OUTPUT_FORMAT_MPEG_4, AUDIO_ENCODER_DEFAULT, VIDEO_ENCODER_HEVC}};
-
 const string kParametersList[] = {"max-duration",
                                   "max-filesize",
                                   "interleave-duration-us",
@@ -104,14 +99,16 @@
                                   "rtp-param-ext-cvo-degrees",
                                   "video-param-request-i-frame",
                                   "rtp-param-set-socket-dscp",
-                                  "rtp-param-set-socket-network"};
+                                  "rtp-param-set-socket-network",
+                                  "rtp-param-set-socket-ecn",
+                                  "rtp-param-remote-ip",
+                                  "rtp-param-set-socket-network",
+                                  "log-session-id"};
 
-constexpr int32_t kMaxSleepTimeInMs = 100;
-constexpr int32_t kMinSleepTimeInMs = 0;
 constexpr int32_t kMinVideoSize = 2;
 constexpr int32_t kMaxVideoSize = 8192;
-constexpr int32_t kNumRecordMin = 1;
-constexpr int32_t kNumRecordMax = 10;
+const char kOutputFile[] = "OutputFile";
+const char kNextOutputFile[] = "NextOutputFile";
 
 class TestAudioDeviceCallback : public AudioSystem::AudioDeviceCallback {
    public:
@@ -194,8 +191,7 @@
     int32_t max;
     mStfRecorder->getMaxAmplitude(&max);
 
-    int32_t deviceId = mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-    mStfRecorder->setInputDevice(deviceId);
+    int32_t deviceId;
     mStfRecorder->getRoutedDeviceId(&deviceId);
 
     vector<android::media::MicrophoneInfoFw> activeMicrophones{};
@@ -213,101 +209,189 @@
     sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> buffer = mStfRecorder->querySurfaceMediaSource();
 }
 
-void MediaRecorderClientFuzzer::dumpInfo() {
-    int32_t dumpFd = memfd_create("DumpFile", MFD_ALLOW_SEALING);
-    Vector<String16> args;
-    args.push_back(String16(mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString().c_str()));
-    mStfRecorder->dump(dumpFd, args);
-    close(dumpFd);
-}
-
-void MediaRecorderClientFuzzer::setConfig() {
-    mStfRecorder->setOutputFile(mMediaRecorderOutputFd);
-    mStfRecorder->setAudioSource(mFdp.PickValueInArray(kSupportedAudioSources));
-    mStfRecorder->setVideoSource(mFdp.PickValueInArray(kSupportedVideoSources));
-    mStfRecorder->setPreferredMicrophoneDirection(
-        mFdp.PickValueInArray(kSupportedMicrophoneDirections));
-    mStfRecorder->setPrivacySensitive(mFdp.ConsumeBool());
-    bool isPrivacySensitive;
-    mStfRecorder->isPrivacySensitive(&isPrivacySensitive);
-    mStfRecorder->setVideoSize(mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinVideoSize, kMaxVideoSize),
-                               mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinVideoSize, kMaxVideoSize));
-    mStfRecorder->setVideoFrameRate(mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
-    mStfRecorder->enableAudioDeviceCallback(mFdp.ConsumeBool());
-    mStfRecorder->setPreferredMicrophoneFieldDimension(mFdp.ConsumeFloatingPoint<float>());
-    mStfRecorder->setClientName(String16(mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString().c_str()));
-
-    int32_t Idx = mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(0, size(kRecordingConfigList) - 1);
-    mStfRecorder->setOutputFormat(kRecordingConfigList[Idx].outputFormat);
-    mStfRecorder->setAudioEncoder(kRecordingConfigList[Idx].audioEncoder);
-    mStfRecorder->setVideoEncoder(kRecordingConfigList[Idx].videoEncoder);
-
-    int32_t nextOutputFd = memfd_create("NextOutputFile", MFD_ALLOW_SEALING);
-    mStfRecorder->setNextOutputFile(nextOutputFd);
-    close(nextOutputFd);
-
-    for (Idx = 0; Idx < size(kParametersList); ++Idx) {
-        if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
-            int32_t value = mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
-            mStfRecorder->setParameters(
-                String8((kParametersList[Idx] + "=" + to_string(value)).c_str()));
-        }
+template <typename FuncWrapper>
+void callMediaAPI(FuncWrapper funcWrapper, FuzzedDataProvider* fdp) {
+    if (fdp->ConsumeBool()) {
+        funcWrapper();
     }
 }
 
-MediaRecorderClientFuzzer::MediaRecorderClientFuzzer(const uint8_t *data, size_t size)
-    : mFdp(data, size), mMediaRecorderOutputFd(memfd_create("OutputFile", MFD_ALLOW_SEALING)) {
+void MediaRecorderClientFuzzer::setConfig() {
+    callMediaAPI(
+            [this]() {
+                mSurfaceControl = mComposerClient.createSurface(
+                        String8(mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString().c_str()) /* name */,
+                        mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>() /* width */,
+                        mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>() /* height */,
+                        mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* pixel-format */,
+                        mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* flags */);
+                if (mSurfaceControl) {
+                    mSurface = mSurfaceControl->getSurface();
+                    mStfRecorder->setPreviewSurface(mSurface->getIGraphicBufferProducer());
+                }
+            },
+            &mFdp);
+
+    callMediaAPI([this]() { mStfRecorder->setInputDevice(mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>()); },
+                 &mFdp);
+
+    callMediaAPI(
+            [this]() {
+                sp<TestMediaRecorderClient> listener = sp<TestMediaRecorderClient>::make();
+                mStfRecorder->setListener(listener);
+            },
+            &mFdp);
+
+    callMediaAPI(
+            [this]() {
+                sp<TestCamera> testCamera = sp<TestCamera>::make();
+                sp<Camera> camera = Camera::create(testCamera);
+                mStfRecorder->setCamera(camera->remote(), camera->getRecordingProxy());
+            },
+            &mFdp);
+
+    callMediaAPI(
+            [this]() {
+                sp<PersistentSurface> persistentSurface = sp<PersistentSurface>::make();
+                mStfRecorder->setInputSurface(persistentSurface);
+            },
+            &mFdp);
+
+    callMediaAPI(
+            [this]() {
+                sp<TestAudioDeviceCallback> callback = sp<TestAudioDeviceCallback>::make();
+                mStfRecorder->setAudioDeviceCallback(callback);
+                mStfRecorder->setOutputFile(mMediaRecorderOutputFd);
+            },
+            &mFdp);
+
+    callMediaAPI(
+            [this]() {
+                mStfRecorder->setAudioSource(mFdp.PickValueInArray(kSupportedAudioSources));
+            },
+            &mFdp);
+
+    callMediaAPI(
+            [this]() {
+                mStfRecorder->setVideoSource(mFdp.PickValueInArray(kSupportedVideoSources));
+            },
+            &mFdp);
+
+    callMediaAPI(
+            [this]() {
+                mStfRecorder->setPreferredMicrophoneDirection(
+                        mFdp.PickValueInArray(kSupportedMicrophoneDirections));
+            },
+            &mFdp);
+
+    callMediaAPI([this]() { mStfRecorder->setPrivacySensitive(mFdp.ConsumeBool()); }, &mFdp);
+
+    callMediaAPI(
+            [this]() {
+                bool isPrivacySensitive;
+                mStfRecorder->isPrivacySensitive(&isPrivacySensitive);
+            },
+            &mFdp);
+
+    callMediaAPI(
+            [this]() {
+                mStfRecorder->setVideoSize(mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(
+                                                   kMinVideoSize, kMaxVideoSize) /* width */,
+                                           mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(
+                                                   kMinVideoSize, kMaxVideoSize) /* height */);
+            },
+            &mFdp);
+
+    callMediaAPI([this]() { mStfRecorder->setVideoFrameRate(mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>()); },
+                 &mFdp);
+
+    callMediaAPI([this]() { mStfRecorder->enableAudioDeviceCallback(mFdp.ConsumeBool()); }, &mFdp);
+
+    callMediaAPI(
+            [this]() {
+                mStfRecorder->setPreferredMicrophoneFieldDimension(
+                        mFdp.ConsumeFloatingPoint<float>());
+            },
+            &mFdp);
+
+    callMediaAPI(
+            [this]() {
+                mStfRecorder->setClientName(String16(mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString().c_str()));
+            },
+            &mFdp);
+
+    callMediaAPI(
+            [this]() {
+                output_format OutputFormat = mFdp.PickValueInArray(kOutputFormat);
+                audio_encoder AudioEncoderFormat =
+                        (audio_encoder)mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(AUDIO_ENCODER_DEFAULT,
+                                                                            AUDIO_ENCODER_LIST_END);
+                video_encoder VideoEncoderFormat = mFdp.PickValueInArray(kVideoEncoder);
+                if (OutputFormat == OUTPUT_FORMAT_AMR_NB) {
+                    AudioEncoderFormat =
+                            mFdp.ConsumeBool() ? AUDIO_ENCODER_DEFAULT : AUDIO_ENCODER_AMR_NB;
+                } else if (OutputFormat == OUTPUT_FORMAT_AMR_WB) {
+                    AudioEncoderFormat = AUDIO_ENCODER_AMR_WB;
+                } else if (OutputFormat == OUTPUT_FORMAT_AAC_ADIF ||
+                           OutputFormat == OUTPUT_FORMAT_AAC_ADTS ||
+                           OutputFormat == OUTPUT_FORMAT_MPEG2TS) {
+                    AudioEncoderFormat = (audio_encoder)mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(
+                            AUDIO_ENCODER_AAC, AUDIO_ENCODER_AAC_ELD);
+                    if (OutputFormat == OUTPUT_FORMAT_MPEG2TS) {
+                        VideoEncoderFormat = VIDEO_ENCODER_H264;
+                    }
+                }
+                mStfRecorder->setOutputFormat(OutputFormat);
+                mStfRecorder->setAudioEncoder(AudioEncoderFormat);
+                mStfRecorder->setVideoEncoder(VideoEncoderFormat);
+            },
+            &mFdp);
+
+    callMediaAPI(
+            [this]() {
+                int32_t nextOutputFd = memfd_create(kNextOutputFile, MFD_ALLOW_SEALING);
+                mStfRecorder->setNextOutputFile(nextOutputFd);
+                close(nextOutputFd);
+            },
+            &mFdp);
+
+    callMediaAPI(
+            [this]() {
+                for (int32_t idx = 0; idx < size(kParametersList); ++idx) {
+                    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+                        int32_t value = mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                        mStfRecorder->setParameters(
+                                String8((kParametersList[idx] + "=" + to_string(value)).c_str()));
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            &mFdp);
+}
+
+MediaRecorderClientFuzzer::MediaRecorderClientFuzzer(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
+    : mFdp(data, size), mMediaRecorderOutputFd(memfd_create(kOutputFile, MFD_ALLOW_SEALING)) {
     AttributionSourceState attributionSource;
     attributionSource.packageName = mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString().c_str();
     attributionSource.token = sp<BBinder>::make();
     mStfRecorder = make_unique<StagefrightRecorder>(attributionSource);
-
-    mSurfaceControl = mComposerClient.createSurface(
-        String8(mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString().c_str()), mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>(),
-        mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>(), mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>(),
-        mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
-    if (mSurfaceControl) {
-        mSurface = mSurfaceControl->getSurface();
-        mStfRecorder->setPreviewSurface(mSurface->getIGraphicBufferProducer());
-    }
-
-    sp<TestMediaRecorderClient> listener = sp<TestMediaRecorderClient>::make();
-    mStfRecorder->setListener(listener);
-
-    sp<TestCamera> testCamera = sp<TestCamera>::make();
-    sp<Camera> camera = Camera::create(testCamera);
-    mStfRecorder->setCamera(camera->remote(), camera->getRecordingProxy());
-
-    sp<PersistentSurface> persistentSurface = sp<PersistentSurface>::make();
-    mStfRecorder->setInputSurface(persistentSurface);
-
-    sp<TestAudioDeviceCallback> callback = sp<TestAudioDeviceCallback>::make();
-    mStfRecorder->setAudioDeviceCallback(callback);
 }
 
 void MediaRecorderClientFuzzer::process() {
-    setConfig();
-
     mStfRecorder->init();
     mStfRecorder->prepare();
-    size_t numRecord = mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kNumRecordMin, kNumRecordMax);
-    for (size_t Idx = 0; Idx < numRecord; ++Idx) {
-        mStfRecorder->start();
-        this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds(
-            mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinSleepTimeInMs, kMaxSleepTimeInMs)));
-        mStfRecorder->pause();
-        this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds(
-            mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinSleepTimeInMs, kMaxSleepTimeInMs)));
-        mStfRecorder->resume();
-        this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds(
-            mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinSleepTimeInMs, kMaxSleepTimeInMs)));
-        mStfRecorder->stop();
+    while (mFdp.remaining_bytes()) {
+        auto invokeMediaPLayerApi = mFdp.PickValueInArray<const std::function<void()>>({
+                [&]() { setConfig(); },
+                [&]() { mStfRecorder->start(); },
+                [&]() { mStfRecorder->pause(); },
+                [&]() { mStfRecorder->resume(); },
+                [&]() { mStfRecorder->stop(); },
+                [&]() { getConfig(); },
+                [&]() { mStfRecorder->close(); },
+                [&]() { mStfRecorder->reset(); },
+        });
+        invokeMediaPLayerApi();
     }
-    dumpInfo();
-    getConfig();
-
-    mStfRecorder->close();
-    mStfRecorder->reset();
 }
 
 extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerInitialize(int /* *argc */, char /* ***argv */) {
@@ -320,6 +404,7 @@
     MediaPlayerService::instantiate();
     AudioFlinger::instantiate();
     ResourceManagerService::instantiate();
+    CameraService::instantiate();
     fakeServiceManager->addService(String16(MediaMetricsService::kServiceName),
                                     new MediaMetricsService());
     return 0;
diff --git a/media/libnbaio/Android.bp b/media/libnbaio/Android.bp
index 89e9806..434ae00 100644
--- a/media/libnbaio/Android.bp
+++ b/media/libnbaio/Android.bp
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
     defaults: ["libnbaio_mono_defaults"],
 }
 
-cc_library_shared {
+cc_library {
     name: "libnbaio",
     defaults: ["libnbaio_mono_defaults"],
     srcs: [
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/FrameDecoder.cpp b/media/libstagefright/FrameDecoder.cpp
index 57937f9..0ab954f 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/FrameDecoder.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/FrameDecoder.cpp
@@ -86,6 +86,29 @@
         displayWidth = width;
         displayHeight = height;
     }
+    int32_t displayLeft = 0;
+    int32_t displayTop = 0;
+    int32_t displayRight;
+    int32_t displayBottom;
+    if (trackMeta->findRect(kKeyCropRect, &displayLeft, &displayTop, &displayRight,
+                            &displayBottom)) {
+        if (displayLeft >= 0 && displayTop >= 0 && displayRight < width && displayBottom < height &&
+            displayLeft <= displayRight && displayTop <= displayBottom) {
+            displayWidth = displayRight - displayLeft + 1;
+            displayHeight = displayBottom - displayTop + 1;
+        } else {
+            // Crop rectangle is invalid, use the whole frame.
+            displayLeft = 0;
+            displayTop = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    if (displayWidth > width) {
+        displayWidth = width;
+    }
+    if (displayHeight > height) {
+        displayHeight = height;
+    }
+
 
     if (allocRotated) {
         if (rotationAngle == 90 || rotationAngle == 270) {
@@ -108,8 +131,8 @@
         }
     }
 
-    VideoFrame frame(width, height, displayWidth, displayHeight,
-            tileWidth, tileHeight, rotationAngle, dstBpp, bitDepth, !metaOnly, iccSize);
+    VideoFrame frame(width, height, displayWidth, displayHeight, displayLeft, displayTop, tileWidth,
+                     tileHeight, rotationAngle, dstBpp, bitDepth, !metaOnly, iccSize);
 
     size_t size = frame.getFlattenedSize();
     sp<MemoryHeapBase> heap = new MemoryHeapBase(size, 0, "MetadataRetrieverClient");
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/MediaCodec.cpp b/media/libstagefright/MediaCodec.cpp
index 006eb90..33df27b 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/MediaCodec.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/MediaCodec.cpp
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@
 #include "include/SoftwareRenderer.h"
 
 #include <android/api-level.h>
-#include <android/binder_manager.h>
 #include <android/content/pm/IPackageManagerNative.h>
 #include <android/hardware/cas/native/1.0/IDescrambler.h>
 #include <android/hardware/media/omx/1.0/IGraphicBufferSource.h>
@@ -74,7 +73,6 @@
 #include <media/stagefright/MediaCodec.h>
 #include <media/stagefright/MediaCodecConstants.h>
 #include <media/stagefright/MediaCodecList.h>
-#include <media/stagefright/MediaCodecConstants.h>
 #include <media/stagefright/MediaDefs.h>
 #include <media/stagefright/MediaErrors.h>
 #include <media/stagefright/OMXClient.h>
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/Utils.cpp b/media/libstagefright/Utils.cpp
index 863177d..86741a6 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/Utils.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/Utils.cpp
@@ -2483,6 +2483,11 @@
                       bool isStreaming, audio_stream_type_t streamType)
 {
     audio_offload_info_t info = AUDIO_INFO_INITIALIZER;
+    const char *mime;
+    if (meta != nullptr && meta->findCString(kKeyMIMEType, &mime)
+        && strcasecmp(mime, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_AUDIO_OPUS) == 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
     if (OK != getAudioOffloadInfo(meta, hasVideo, isStreaming, streamType, &info)) {
         return false;
     }
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/codecs/m4v_h263/dec/SoftMPEG4.cpp b/media/libstagefright/codecs/m4v_h263/dec/SoftMPEG4.cpp
index a4b3e2f..800e2e1 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/codecs/m4v_h263/dec/SoftMPEG4.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/codecs/m4v_h263/dec/SoftMPEG4.cpp
@@ -286,9 +286,11 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        // decoder deals in ms, OMX in us.
-        outHeader->nTimeStamp = mPvToOmxTimeMap.valueFor(timestamp);
-        mPvToOmxTimeMap.removeItem(timestamp);
+        if (mPvToOmxTimeMap.indexOfKey(timestamp) >= 0) {
+            // decoder deals in ms, OMX in us.
+            outHeader->nTimeStamp = mPvToOmxTimeMap.valueFor(timestamp);
+            mPvToOmxTimeMap.removeItem(timestamp);
+        }
 
         inHeader->nOffset += bufferSize;
         inHeader->nFilledLen = 0;
@@ -312,8 +314,11 @@
         outHeader->nFilledLen = frameSize;
 
         List<BufferInfo *>::iterator it = outQueue.begin();
-        while ((*it)->mHeader != outHeader) {
-            ++it;
+        while (it != outQueue.end() && (*it)->mHeader != outHeader) {
+             ++it;
+        }
+        if (it == outQueue.end()) {
+            return;
         }
 
         BufferInfo *outInfo = *it;
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/colorconversion/ColorConverter.cpp b/media/libstagefright/colorconversion/ColorConverter.cpp
index 6c26c28..e079765 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/colorconversion/ColorConverter.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/colorconversion/ColorConverter.cpp
@@ -1550,7 +1550,8 @@
 
         uint32_t u01, v01, y01, y23, y45, y67, uv0, uv1;
         size_t x = 0;
-        for (; x < src.cropWidth() - 3; x += 4) {
+        // x % 4 is always 0 so x + 3 will never overflow.
+        for (; x + 3 < src.cropWidth(); x += 4) {
             u01 = *((uint32_t*)ptr_u); ptr_u += 2;
             v01 = *((uint32_t*)ptr_v); ptr_v += 2;
 
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/omx/OMXNodeInstance.cpp b/media/libstagefright/omx/OMXNodeInstance.cpp
index c82a303..959f43e 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/omx/OMXNodeInstance.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/omx/OMXNodeInstance.cpp
@@ -102,6 +102,21 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
+static bool isValidOmxParamSize(const void *params, OMX_U32 size) {
+    // expect the vector to contain at least the size and version, two OMX_U32 entries.
+    if (size < 2 * sizeof(OMX_U32)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // expect the vector to be as large as the declared size
+    OMX_U32 *buf = (OMX_U32 *)params;
+    OMX_U32 declaredSize = *(OMX_U32*)buf;
+    if (declaredSize > size) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 struct BufferMeta {
     explicit BufferMeta(
             const sp<IMemory> &mem, const sp<IHidlMemory> &hidlMemory,
@@ -688,6 +703,18 @@
 
 status_t OMXNodeInstance::getParameter(
         OMX_INDEXTYPE index, void *params, size_t size) {
+    OMX_INDEXEXTTYPE extIndex = (OMX_INDEXEXTTYPE)index;
+    if (extIndex == OMX_IndexParamConsumerUsageBits) {
+        // expect the size to be 4 bytes for OMX_IndexParamConsumerUsageBits
+        if (size != sizeof(OMX_U32)) {
+            return BAD_VALUE;
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (!isValidOmxParamSize(params, size)) {
+            return BAD_VALUE;
+        }
+    }
+
     Mutex::Autolock autoLock(mLock);
     if (mHandle == NULL) {
         return DEAD_OBJECT;
@@ -699,7 +726,6 @@
     }
 
     OMX_ERRORTYPE err = OMX_GetParameter(mHandle, index, params);
-    OMX_INDEXEXTTYPE extIndex = (OMX_INDEXEXTTYPE)index;
     // some errors are expected for getParameter
     if (err != OMX_ErrorNoMore) {
         CLOG_IF_ERROR(getParameter, err, "%s(%#x)", asString(extIndex), index);
@@ -710,6 +736,10 @@
 
 status_t OMXNodeInstance::setParameter(
         OMX_INDEXTYPE index, const void *params, size_t size) {
+    if (!isValidOmxParamSize(params, size)) {
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+
     Mutex::Autolock autoLock(mLock);
     if (mHandle == NULL) {
         return DEAD_OBJECT;
@@ -736,6 +766,9 @@
 
 status_t OMXNodeInstance::getConfig(
         OMX_INDEXTYPE index, void *params, size_t size) {
+    if (!isValidOmxParamSize(params, size)) {
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
     Mutex::Autolock autoLock(mLock);
     if (mHandle == NULL) {
         return DEAD_OBJECT;
@@ -759,6 +792,10 @@
 
 status_t OMXNodeInstance::setConfig(
         OMX_INDEXTYPE index, const void *params, size_t size) {
+    if (!isValidOmxParamSize(params, size)) {
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+
     Mutex::Autolock autoLock(mLock);
     if (mHandle == NULL) {
         return DEAD_OBJECT;
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/omx/SoftVideoDecoderOMXComponent.cpp b/media/libstagefright/omx/SoftVideoDecoderOMXComponent.cpp
index e853da9..4183023 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/omx/SoftVideoDecoderOMXComponent.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/omx/SoftVideoDecoderOMXComponent.cpp
@@ -616,6 +616,10 @@
                 DescribeHDR10PlusInfoParams* outParams =
                         (DescribeHDR10PlusInfoParams *)params;
 
+                if (!isValidOMXParam(outParams)) {
+                    return OMX_ErrorBadParameter;
+                }
+
                 outParams->nParamSizeUsed = info->size();
 
                 // If the buffer provided by the client does not have enough
@@ -694,6 +698,10 @@
             const DescribeHDR10PlusInfoParams* inParams =
                     (DescribeHDR10PlusInfoParams *)params;
 
+            if (!isValidOMXParam(inParams)) {
+                return OMX_ErrorBadParameter;
+            }
+
             if (*frameConfig) {
                 // This is a request to append to the current frame config set.
                 // For now, we only support kDescribeHdr10PlusInfoIndex, which
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/Android.bp b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2791ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+* Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at:
+*
+* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "libstagefright_rtsp_fuzzer_defaults",
+    shared_libs: [
+        "liblog",
+        "libmedia",
+        "libutils",
+        "libstagefright_foundation",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libdatasource",
+        "libstagefright_rtsp",
+    ],
+    header_libs: [
+        "libstagefright_rtsp_headers",
+    ],
+    fuzz_config:{
+        cc: [
+            "android-media-fuzzing-reports@google.com",
+        ],
+        componentid: 155276,
+    },
+}
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "sdploader_fuzzer",
+    srcs: [
+        "sdploader_fuzzer.cpp",
+    ],
+    defaults: [
+        "libstagefright_rtsp_fuzzer_defaults",
+    ]
+}
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "rtp_writer_fuzzer",
+    srcs: [
+        "rtp_writer_fuzzer.cpp",
+    ],
+    defaults: [
+        "libstagefright_rtsp_fuzzer_defaults",
+    ],
+    shared_libs:[
+        "libandroid_net",
+        "libbase",
+        "libstagefright",
+        "libcutils",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "packet_source_fuzzer",
+    srcs: [
+        "packet_source_fuzzer.cpp",
+    ],
+    defaults: [
+        "libstagefright_rtsp_fuzzer_defaults",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "rtsp_connection_fuzzer",
+    srcs: [
+        "rtsp_connection_fuzzer.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libcrypto",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libnetd_client",
+    ],
+    defaults: [
+        "libstagefright_rtsp_fuzzer_defaults",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/README.md b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc7be29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+# Fuzzers for libstagefright_rtsp
+
+## Table of contents
++ [sdploader_fuzzer](#SDPLoader)
++ [rtp_writer_fuzzer](#ARTPWriter)
++ [packet_source_fuzzer](#packetSource)
++ [rtsp_connection_fuzzer](#ARTSPConnection)
+
+# <a name="SDPLoader"></a> Fuzzer for SDPLoader
+
+SDPLoader supports the following parameters:
+1. Flag (parameter name: "flags")
+2. URL (parameter name: "url")
+3. Header (parameter name: "headers")
+
+| Parameter| Valid Values| Configured Value|
+|------------- |-------------| ----- |
+|`flags`| `UINT32_MIN`  to  `UINT32_MAX` |Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+|`url`| `String` |Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+|`headers`| `String` |Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+
+#### Steps to run
+1. Build the fuzzer
+```
+  $ mm -j$(nproc) sdploader_fuzzer
+```
+2. Run on device
+```
+  $ adb sync data
+  $ adb shell /data/fuzz/arm64/sdploader_fuzzer/sdploader_fuzzer
+```
+
+# <a name="ARTPWriter"></a> Fuzzer for ARTPWriter
+
+ARTPWriter supports the following parameters:
+1. File descriptor (parameter name: "fd")
+2. Local Ip (parameter name: "localIp")
+3. Local Port (parameter name: "localPort")
+4. Remote Ip (parameter name: "remoteIp")
+5. Remote Port (parameter name: "remotePort")
+6. Sequence No (parameter name: "seqNo")
+7. OpponentID (parameter name: "opponentID")
+8. Bit Rate (parameter name: "bitrate")
+9. kKeyMIMETypeArray (parameter name: "mimeType")
+
+| Parameter| Valid Values| Configured Value|
+|------------- |-------------| ----- |
+|`localIp`| `String` |Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+|`localPort`| `UINT32_MIN`  to  `UINT32_MAX` |Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+|`remoteIp`| `String` |Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+|`remotePort`| `UINT32_MIN`  to  `UINT32_MAX` |Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+|`seqNo`| `0`  to  `10000000` |Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+|`opponentID`| `UINT32_MIN`  to  `UINT32_MAX` |Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+|`bitrate`| `UINT32_MIN`  to  `UINT32_MAX` |Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+|`mimeType`| 0. `MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AVC`<br> 1. `MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_HEVC`<br> 2. `MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_H263`<br> 3. `MEDIA_MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AMR_NB`<br> 4. `MEDIA_MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AMR_WB`|Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+
+#### Steps to run
+1. Build the fuzzer
+```
+  $ mm -j$(nproc) rtp_writer_fuzzer
+```
+2. Run on device
+```
+  $ adb sync data
+  $ adb shell /data/fuzz/arm64/rtp_writer_fuzzer/rtp_writer_fuzzer
+```
+
+# <a name="packetSource"></a> Fuzzer for  PacketSource
+
+ PacketSource supports the following parameters:
+1. Codec (parameter name: "kCodecs")
+2. Format (parameter name: "kFmtp")
+
+| Parameter| Valid Values| Configured Value|
+|------------- |-------------| ----- |
+|`kCodecs`| 0. `opus`<br/>1. `ISAC`<br/>2. `VP8`<br/>3. `google-data`<br/>4. `G722`<br/>5. `PCMU`<br/>6. `PCMA`<br/>7. `CN`<br/>8. `telephone-event`<br/>9. `VP9`<br/>10. `red`<br/>11. `ulpfec`<br/>12. `rtx`<br/>13. `H264`<br/>14. `iLBC`<br/>15. `H261`<br/>16. `MPV`<br/>17. `H263`<br/>18. `AMR`<br/>19. `AC3`<br/>20. `G723`<br/>21. `G729A`<br/>22. `MP4V-ES`<br/>23. `H265`<br/>24. `H263-2000`<br/>25. `H263-1998`<br/>26. `AMR-WB`<br/>27. `MP4A-LATM`<br/>28. `MP2T`<br/>29. `mpeg4-generic` |Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+|`kFmtp`| <br/>0. `br=`<br/>1. `bw=`<br/>2. `ch-aw-recv=`<br/>3. `mode-change-capability=`<br/>4. `max-red =`<br/>5. `octet-align=`<br/>6. `mode-change-capability=`<br/>7. `profile-level-id=`<br/>8. `packetization-mode=`<br/>9. `profile=`<br/>10. `level=` <br/>11. `apt=`<br/>12. `annexb=`<br/>13. `protocol=`<br/>14. `config=`<br/>15. `streamtype=`<br/>16. `mode=`<br/>17. `sizelength=`<br/>18. `indexlength=`<br/>19. `indexdeltalength=`<br/>20. `minptime=`<br/>21. `useinbandfec=`<br/>22. `maxplaybackrate=`<br/>23. `stereo=`<br/>24. `level-asymmetry-allowed=`<br/>25. `max-fs=`<br/>26. `max-fr=`|Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+
+#### Steps to run
+1. Build the fuzzer
+```
+  $ mm -j$(nproc) packet_source_fuzzer
+```
+2. Run on device
+```
+  $ adb sync data
+  $ adb shell /data/fuzz/arm64/packet_source_fuzzer/packet_source_fuzzer
+```
+
+# <a name="ARTSPConnection"></a> Fuzzer for ARTSPConnection
+
+## Design Considerations
+This fuzzer aims at covering ARTSPConnection.cpp. A server is implemented in the fuzzer. After accepting a connect request, the server accepts the connections and handles them in a seperate thread. The threads are maintained in a ThreadPool which limits the maximum number of threads alive at a time. When the fuzzer process ends, all the threads in the ThreadPool are joined to the main thread.
+The inputs to the server are generated using FuzzedDataProvider and stored in a variable 'mFuzzData'. As this variable is shared among multiple threads, mutex is used to ensure synchronization.
+### Fuzzer Inputs:
+The inputs generated in the fuzzer using FuzzzedDataProvider have been randomized as much as possible. Due to the constraints in the module source code, the inputs have to be limited and arranged in some specific format.
+
+ARTSPConnection supports the following parameters:
+1. Authentication Type (parameter name: "kAuthType")
+2. FuzzData (parameter name: "mFuzzData")
+3. RequestData (parameter name: "mFuzzRequestData")
+
+| Parameter| Valid Values| Configured Value|
+|------------- |-------------| ----- |
+|`kAuthType`| 0.`Basic`<br/>1.`Digest`|Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+|`mFuzzData`| `String` |Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+|`mFuzzRequestData`| `String` |Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+
+#### Steps to run
+1. Build the fuzzer
+```
+  $ mm -j$(nproc) rtsp_connection_fuzzer
+```
+2. Run on device
+```
+  $ adb sync data
+  $ adb shell /data/fuzz/arm64/rtsp_connection_fuzzer/rtsp_connection_fuzzer
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/packet_source_fuzzer.cpp b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/packet_source_fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3d7535
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/packet_source_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+#include <media/stagefright/foundation/AString.h>
+#include <media/stagefright/foundation/base64.h>
+#include <media/stagefright/rtsp/APacketSource.h>
+#include <media/stagefright/rtsp/ASessionDescription.h>
+
+using namespace android;
+
+static constexpr int32_t kMinValue = 0;
+static constexpr int32_t kMaxIPAddress = 255;
+static constexpr int32_t kMaxFmt = 255;
+static constexpr int32_t kMinAPICase = 0;
+static constexpr int32_t kMaxPacketSourceAPI = 5;
+static constexpr size_t kMinIndex = 1;
+static constexpr size_t kMaxCodecConfigs = 4;
+
+std::string kCodecs[] = {"opus",        "ISAC",         "VP8",
+                         "google-data", "G722",         "PCMU",
+                         "PCMA",        "CN",           "telephone-event",
+                         "VP9",         "red",          "ulpfec",
+                         "rtx",         "H264",         "iLBC",
+                         "H261",        "MPV",          "H263",
+                         "AMR",         "AC3",          "G723",
+                         "G729A",       "H264",         "MP4V-ES",
+                         "H265",        "H263-2000",    "H263-1998",
+                         "AMR",         "AMR-WB",       "MP4A-LATM",
+                         "MP2T",        "mpeg4-generic"};
+
+std::string kFmtp[] = {"br=",
+                       "bw=",
+                       "ch-aw-recv=",
+                       "mode-change-capability=",
+                       "max-red =",
+                       "octet-align=",
+                       "mode-change-capability=",
+                       "max-red=",
+                       "profile-level-id=",
+                       "packetization-mode=",
+                       "profile=",
+                       "level=",
+                       "apt=",
+                       "annexb=",
+                       "protocol=",
+                       "streamtype=",
+                       "mode=",
+                       "sizelength=",
+                       "indexlength=",
+                       "indexdeltalength=",
+                       "minptime=",
+                       "useinbandfec=",
+                       "maxplaybackrate=",
+                       "stereo=",
+                       "level-asymmetry-allowed=",
+                       "max-fs=",
+                       "max-fr="};
+
+std::string kCodecConfigString[kMaxCodecConfigs][2] = {{"H264", "profile-level-id="},
+                                                       {"MP4A-LATM", "config="},
+                                                       {"MP4V-ES", "config="},
+                                                       {"mpeg4-generic", "mode="}};
+
+class ASessionPacketFuzzer {
+  public:
+    ASessionPacketFuzzer(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) : mFdp(data, size){};
+    void process();
+
+  private:
+    FuzzedDataProvider mFdp;
+};
+
+bool checkFormatSupport(const std::string& codec, const std::string& format) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kMaxCodecConfigs; ++i) {
+        if (codec == kCodecConfigString[i][0]) {
+            if (format == kCodecConfigString[i][1]) {
+                return true;
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+void ASessionPacketFuzzer::process() {
+    AString inputString;
+    const sp<ASessionDescription> sessionPacket = sp<ASessionDescription>::make();
+    std::string codec = mFdp.PickValueInArray(kCodecs);
+    std::string ipAddress =
+            std::to_string(mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange(kMinValue, kMaxIPAddress)) + "." +
+            std::to_string(mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange(kMinValue, kMaxIPAddress)) + "." +
+            std::to_string(mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange(kMinValue, kMaxIPAddress)) + "." + "0";
+    std::string format = mFdp.PickValueInArray(kFmtp);
+    std::string fmptStr = format + std::to_string(mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange(kMinValue, kMaxFmt)) +
+                          ";" + mFdp.PickValueInArray(kFmtp) +
+                          std::to_string(mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange(kMinValue, kMaxFmt));
+    sessionPacket->SDPStringFactory(
+            inputString, ipAddress.c_str() /* ip */, mFdp.ConsumeBool() /* isAudio */,
+            mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<unsigned int>() /* port */,
+            mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<unsigned int>() /* payloadType */,
+            mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<unsigned int>() /* as */, codec.c_str(), /* codec */
+            fmptStr.c_str() /* fmtp */, mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* width */,
+            mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* height */,
+            mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* cvoExtMap */);
+    sessionPacket->setTo(inputString.c_str(), inputString.size());
+    size_t trackSize = sessionPacket->countTracks();
+    AString desc = nullptr;
+    while (mFdp.remaining_bytes()) {
+        int32_t packetSourceAPI =
+                mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinAPICase, kMaxPacketSourceAPI);
+        switch (packetSourceAPI) {
+            case 0: {
+                unsigned long payload = 0;
+                AString params = nullptr;
+                sessionPacket->getFormatType(mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange(kMinIndex, trackSize - 1),
+                                             &payload, &desc, &params);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 1: {
+                int32_t width, height;
+                unsigned long payload = mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<unsigned long>();
+                sessionPacket->getDimensions(mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange(kMinIndex, trackSize - 1),
+                                             payload, &width, &height);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 2: {
+                int32_t cvoExtMap = mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+                sessionPacket->getCvoExtMap(mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange(kMinIndex, trackSize - 1),
+                                            &cvoExtMap);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 3: {
+                int64_t durationUs = mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int64_t>();
+                sessionPacket->getDurationUs(&durationUs);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 4: {
+                int32_t timeScale, numChannels;
+                if (desc != nullptr) {
+                    sessionPacket->ParseFormatDesc(desc.c_str(), &timeScale, &numChannels);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case 5: {
+                if (checkFormatSupport(codec, format)) {
+                    sp<APacketSource> packetSource = sp<APacketSource>::make(
+                            sessionPacket, mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange(kMinIndex, trackSize - 1));
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    ASessionPacketFuzzer packetSourceFuzzer(data, size);
+    packetSourceFuzzer.process();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/rtp_writer_fuzzer.cpp b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/rtp_writer_fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d9f923
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/rtp_writer_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+#include <media/stagefright/MediaBuffer.h>
+#include <media/stagefright/MediaDefs.h>
+#include <media/stagefright/rtsp/ARTPWriter.h>
+
+constexpr int32_t kMinSize = 0;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxSize = 65536;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxTime = 1000;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxBytes = 128;
+constexpr int32_t kAMRNBFrameSizes[] = {13, 14, 16, 18, 20, 21, 27, 32};
+constexpr int32_t kAMRWBFrameSizes[] = {18, 24, 33, 37, 41, 47, 51, 59, 61};
+constexpr int32_t kAMRIndexOffset = 8;
+
+using namespace android;
+
+const char* kKeyMimeTypeArray[] = {MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AVC, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_HEVC,
+                                   MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_H263, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AMR_NB,
+                                   MEDIA_MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AMR_WB};
+
+struct TestMediaSource : public MediaSource {
+  public:
+    TestMediaSource(FuzzedDataProvider& mFdp) : mTestMetaData(new MetaData) {
+        int32_t vectorSize = 0;
+        mAllowRead = mFdp.ConsumeBool();
+        mKeySps = mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+        mKeyVps = mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+        mKeyPps = mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+        mKeyTime = mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int64_t>(kMinSize, kMaxTime);
+
+        mMimeType = mFdp.PickValueInArray(kKeyMimeTypeArray);
+        mTestMetaData->setCString(kKeyMIMEType, mMimeType);
+        if (mMimeType == MEDIA_MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AMR_NB) {
+            int32_t index =
+                    mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinSize, std::size(kAMRNBFrameSizes) - 1);
+            vectorSize = kAMRNBFrameSizes[index];
+            mData.push_back(kAMRIndexOffset * index);
+        } else if (mMimeType == MEDIA_MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AMR_WB) {
+            int32_t index =
+                    mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinSize, std::size(kAMRWBFrameSizes) - 1);
+            vectorSize = kAMRWBFrameSizes[index];
+            mData.push_back(kAMRIndexOffset * index);
+        } else if (mMimeType == MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_H263) {
+            // Required format for H263 media data
+            mData.push_back(0);
+            mData.push_back(0);
+            vectorSize = mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinSize, kMaxSize);
+        } else {
+            vectorSize = mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinSize, kMaxSize);
+        }
+        for (size_t idx = mData.size(); idx < vectorSize; ++idx) {
+            mData.push_back(mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint8_t>());
+        }
+    }
+    virtual status_t start(MetaData* /*params*/) { return OK; }
+    virtual status_t stop() { return OK; }
+    virtual sp<MetaData> getFormat() { return mTestMetaData; }
+    virtual status_t read(MediaBufferBase** buffer, const ReadOptions* /*options*/) {
+        if (!mAllowRead) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        *buffer = new MediaBuffer(mData.data() /*data*/, mData.size() /*size*/);
+        if (mKeySps) {
+            (*buffer)->meta_data().setInt32(kKeySps, mKeySps);
+        }
+        if (mKeyVps) {
+            (*buffer)->meta_data().setInt32(kKeyVps, mKeyVps);
+        }
+        if (mKeyPps) {
+            (*buffer)->meta_data().setInt32(kKeyPps, mKeyPps);
+        }
+        (*buffer)->meta_data().setInt64(kKeyTime, mKeyTime);
+        return OK;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    int32_t mKeySps;
+    int32_t mKeyVps;
+    int32_t mKeyPps;
+    int64_t mKeyTime;
+    bool mAllowRead;
+    const char* mMimeType;
+    sp<MetaData> mTestMetaData;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> mData;
+};
+
+class ARTPWriterFuzzer {
+  public:
+    ARTPWriterFuzzer(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
+        : mDataSourceFd(memfd_create("InputFile", MFD_ALLOW_SEALING)), mFdp(data, size) {}
+    ~ARTPWriterFuzzer() { close(mDataSourceFd); }
+    void process();
+
+  private:
+    void createARTPWriter();
+    const int32_t mDataSourceFd;
+    FuzzedDataProvider mFdp;
+    sp<ARTPWriter> mArtpWriter;
+};
+
+void ARTPWriterFuzzer::createARTPWriter() {
+    String8 localIp = String8(mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes).c_str());
+    String8 remoteIp = String8(mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes).c_str());
+    mArtpWriter = sp<ARTPWriter>::make(
+            mDataSourceFd, localIp, mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint16_t>() /* localPort */, remoteIp,
+            mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint16_t>() /* remotePort */,
+            mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<uint32_t>(kMinSize, kMaxSize) /* seqNo */);
+}
+
+void ARTPWriterFuzzer::process() {
+    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+        mArtpWriter = sp<ARTPWriter>::make(mDataSourceFd);
+        if (mArtpWriter->getSequenceNum() > kMaxSize) {
+            createARTPWriter();
+        }
+    } else {
+        createARTPWriter();
+    }
+
+    mArtpWriter->addSource(sp<TestMediaSource>::make(mFdp) /* source */);
+
+    while (mFdp.remaining_bytes()) {
+        auto invokeRTPWriterFuzzer = mFdp.PickValueInArray<const std::function<void()>>({
+                [&]() {
+                    sp<MetaData> metaData = sp<MetaData>::make();
+                    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+                        metaData->setInt32(kKeySelfID, mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
+                    }
+                    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+                        metaData->setInt32(kKeyPayloadType, mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
+                    }
+                    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+                        metaData->setInt32(kKeyRtpExtMap, mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
+                    }
+                    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+                        metaData->setInt32(kKeyRtpCvoDegrees, mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
+                    }
+                    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+                        metaData->setInt32(kKeyRtpDscp, mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
+                    }
+                    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+                        metaData->setInt64(kKeySocketNetwork, mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int64_t>());
+                    }
+                    mArtpWriter->start(metaData.get() /*param*/);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    mArtpWriter->setTMMBNInfo(mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>() /* opponentID */,
+                                              mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>() /* bitrate */);
+                },
+                [&]() { mArtpWriter->stop(); },
+                [&]() {
+                    mArtpWriter->updateCVODegrees(mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* cvoDegrees */);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    mArtpWriter->updatePayloadType(
+                            mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* payloadType */);
+                },
+
+        });
+        invokeRTPWriterFuzzer();
+    }
+}
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    ARTPWriterFuzzer artpWriterFuzzer(data, size);
+    artpWriterFuzzer.process();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/rtsp_connection_fuzzer.cpp b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/rtsp_connection_fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51c423e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/rtsp_connection_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+#include <media/stagefright/foundation/AMessage.h>
+#include <media/stagefright/rtsp/ARTSPConnection.h>
+#include <thread>
+
+using namespace android;
+
+const std::string kAuthType[] = {"Basic", "Digest"};
+const std::string kTab = "\t";
+const std::string kCSeq = "CSeq: ";
+const std::string kSpace = " ";
+const std::string kNewLine = "\n";
+const std::string kBinaryHeader = "$";
+const std::string kNonce = " nonce=\"\"";
+const std::string kRealm = " realm=\"\"";
+const std::string kHeaderBoundary = "\r\n\r\n";
+const std::string kContentLength = "content-length: ";
+const std::string kDefaultRequestValue = "INVALID_FORMAT";
+const std::string kUrlPrefix = "rtsp://root:pass@127.0.0.1:";
+const std::string kRequestMarker = "REQUEST_SENT";
+const std::string kQuitResponse = "\n\n\n\n";
+const std::string kRTSPVersion = "RTSP/1.0";
+const std::string kValidResponse = kRTSPVersion + " 200 \n";
+const std::string kAuthString = kRTSPVersion + " 401 \nwww-authenticate: ";
+constexpr char kNullValue = '\0';
+constexpr char kDefaultValue = '0';
+constexpr int32_t kWhat = 'resp';
+constexpr int32_t kMinPort = 100;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxPort = 999;
+constexpr int32_t kMinASCIIValue = 32;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxASCIIValue = 126;
+constexpr int32_t kMinContentLength = 0;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxContentLength = 1000;
+constexpr int32_t kBinaryVectorSize = 3;
+constexpr int32_t kDefaultCseqValue = 1;
+constexpr int32_t kBufferSize = 1024;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxLoopRuns = 5;
+constexpr int32_t kPort = 554;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxBytes = 128;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxThreads = 1024;
+
+struct FuzzAHandler : public AHandler {
+  public:
+    FuzzAHandler(std::function<void()> signalEosFunction)
+        : mSignalEosFunction(std::move(signalEosFunction)) {}
+    ~FuzzAHandler() = default;
+
+  protected:
+    void onMessageReceived(const sp<AMessage>& msg) override {
+        switch (msg->what()) {
+            case kWhat: {
+                mSignalEosFunction();
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+  private:
+    std::function<void()> mSignalEosFunction;
+};
+
+class RTSPConnectionFuzzer {
+  public:
+    RTSPConnectionFuzzer(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) : mFdp(data, size){};
+    ~RTSPConnectionFuzzer() {
+        // wait for all the threads to join the main thread
+        for (auto& thread : mThreadPool) {
+            if (thread.joinable()) {
+                thread.join();
+            }
+        }
+        close(mServerFd);
+    }
+    void process();
+
+  private:
+    void signalEos();
+    void startServer();
+    void createFuzzData();
+    void acceptConnection();
+    void handleConnection(int32_t);
+    void handleClientResponse(int32_t);
+    void sendValidResponse(int32_t, int32_t);
+    int32_t checkSocket(int32_t);
+    size_t generateBinaryDataSize(std::string);
+    bool checkValidRequestData(const AString&);
+    bool mEosReached = false;
+    bool mServerFailure = false;
+    bool mNotifyResponseListener = false;
+    int32_t mServerFd;
+    std::string mFuzzData = "";
+    std::string mFuzzRequestData = "";
+    std::string mRequestData = kDefaultRequestValue;
+    std::mutex mFuzzDataMutex;
+    std::mutex mMsgPostCompleteMutex;
+    std::condition_variable mConditionalVariable;
+    std::vector<std::thread> mThreadPool;
+    FuzzedDataProvider mFdp;
+};
+
+size_t RTSPConnectionFuzzer::generateBinaryDataSize(std::string values) {
+    // computed the binary data size as done in ARTSPConnection.cpp
+    uint8_t x = values[0];
+    uint8_t y = values[1];
+    return x << 8 | y;
+}
+
+bool RTSPConnectionFuzzer::checkValidRequestData(const AString& request) {
+    if (request.find(kHeaderBoundary.c_str()) <= 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    ssize_t space = request.find(kSpace.c_str());
+    if (space <= 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (request.find(kSpace.c_str(), space + 1) <= 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+void RTSPConnectionFuzzer::createFuzzData() {
+    std::unique_lock fuzzLock(mFuzzDataMutex);
+    mFuzzData = "";
+    mFuzzRequestData = "";
+    int32_t contentLength = 0;
+    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+        if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+            // if we want to handle server request
+            mFuzzData.append(kSpace + kSpace + kRTSPVersion);
+        } else {
+            // if we want to notify response listener
+            mFuzzData.append(
+                    kRTSPVersion + kSpace +
+                    std::to_string(mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<uint16_t>(kMinPort, kMaxPort)) +
+                    kSpace);
+        }
+        mFuzzData.append(kNewLine);
+        if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+            contentLength =
+                    mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinContentLength, kMaxContentLength);
+            mFuzzData.append(kContentLength + std::to_string(contentLength) + kNewLine);
+            if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+                mFdp.ConsumeBool() ? mFuzzData.append(kSpace + kNewLine)
+                                   : mFuzzData.append(kTab + kNewLine);
+            }
+        }
+        // new line to break out of infinite for loop
+        mFuzzData.append(kNewLine);
+        if (contentLength) {
+            std::string contentData = mFdp.ConsumeBytesAsString(contentLength);
+            contentData.resize(contentLength, kDefaultValue);
+            mFuzzData.append(contentData);
+        }
+    } else {
+        // for binary data
+        std::string randomValues(kBinaryVectorSize, kNullValue);
+        for (size_t idx = 0; idx < kBinaryVectorSize; ++idx) {
+            randomValues[idx] =
+                    (char)mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<uint8_t>(kMinASCIIValue, kMaxASCIIValue);
+        }
+        size_t binaryDataSize = generateBinaryDataSize(randomValues);
+        std::string data = mFdp.ConsumeBytesAsString(binaryDataSize);
+        data.resize(binaryDataSize, kDefaultValue);
+        mFuzzData.append(kBinaryHeader + randomValues + data);
+    }
+    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+        mRequestData = mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes) + kSpace + kSpace +
+                       kHeaderBoundary + mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes);
+        // Check if Request data is valid
+        if (checkValidRequestData(mRequestData.c_str())) {
+            if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+                if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+                    // if we want to handle server request
+                    mFuzzRequestData.append(kSpace + kSpace + kRTSPVersion + kNewLine);
+                } else {
+                    // if we want to add authentication headers
+                    mNotifyResponseListener = true;
+                    mFuzzRequestData.append(kAuthString);
+                    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+                        // for Authentication type: Basic
+                        mFuzzRequestData.append(kAuthType[0]);
+                    } else {
+                        // for Authentication type: Digest
+                        mFuzzRequestData.append(kAuthType[1]);
+                        mFuzzRequestData.append(kNonce);
+                        mFuzzRequestData.append(kRealm);
+                    }
+                    mFuzzRequestData.append(kNewLine);
+                }
+            } else {
+                mNotifyResponseListener = false;
+                mFuzzRequestData.append(kValidResponse);
+            }
+        } else {
+            mRequestData = kDefaultRequestValue;
+        }
+    } else {
+        mRequestData = kDefaultRequestValue;
+        mFuzzData.append(kNewLine);
+    }
+}
+
+void RTSPConnectionFuzzer::signalEos() {
+    mEosReached = true;
+    mConditionalVariable.notify_all();
+    return;
+}
+
+int32_t RTSPConnectionFuzzer::checkSocket(int32_t newSocket) {
+    struct timeval tv;
+    tv.tv_sec = 1;
+    tv.tv_usec = 0;
+
+    fd_set rs;
+    FD_ZERO(&rs);
+    FD_SET(newSocket, &rs);
+
+    return select(newSocket + 1, &rs, nullptr, nullptr, &tv);
+}
+
+void RTSPConnectionFuzzer::sendValidResponse(int32_t newSocket, int32_t cseq = -1) {
+    std::string validResponse = kValidResponse;
+    if (cseq != -1) {
+        validResponse.append(kCSeq + std::to_string(cseq));
+        validResponse.append(kNewLine + kNewLine);
+    } else {
+        validResponse.append(kNewLine);
+    }
+    send(newSocket, validResponse.c_str(), validResponse.size(), 0);
+}
+
+void RTSPConnectionFuzzer::handleClientResponse(int32_t newSocket) {
+    char buffer[kBufferSize] = {0};
+    if (checkSocket(newSocket) == 1) {
+        read(newSocket, buffer, kBufferSize);
+    }
+}
+
+void RTSPConnectionFuzzer::handleConnection(int32_t newSocket) {
+    std::unique_lock fuzzLock(mFuzzDataMutex);
+    send(newSocket, mFuzzData.c_str(), mFuzzData.size(), 0);
+    if (mFuzzData[0] == kSpace[0]) {
+        handleClientResponse(newSocket);
+    }
+
+    if (mFuzzRequestData != "") {
+        char buffer[kBufferSize] = {0};
+        if (checkSocket(newSocket) == 1 && recv(newSocket, buffer, kBufferSize, MSG_DONTWAIT) > 0) {
+            // Extract the 'CSeq' value present at the end of header
+            std::string clientResponse(buffer);
+            std::string header = clientResponse.substr(0, clientResponse.find(kHeaderBoundary));
+            char cseq = header[header.rfind(kCSeq) + kCSeq.length()];
+            int32_t cseqValue = cseq ? cseq - '0' : kDefaultCseqValue;
+            std::string response = mFuzzRequestData;
+            response.append(kCSeq + std::to_string(cseqValue));
+            response.append(kNewLine + kNewLine);
+            send(newSocket, response.data(), response.length(), 0);
+
+            if (!mNotifyResponseListener) {
+                char buffer[kBufferSize] = {0};
+                if (checkSocket(newSocket) == 1) {
+                    if (recv(newSocket, buffer, kBufferSize, MSG_DONTWAIT) > 0) {
+                        // Extract the 'CSeq' value present at the end of header
+                        std::string clientResponse(buffer);
+                        std::string header =
+                                clientResponse.substr(0, clientResponse.find(kHeaderBoundary));
+                        char cseq = header[header.rfind(kCSeq) + kCSeq.length()];
+                        int32_t cseqValue = cseq ? cseq - '0' : kDefaultCseqValue;
+                        sendValidResponse(newSocket, cseqValue);
+                    } else {
+                        sendValidResponse(newSocket);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // If no data to read, then send a valid response
+            // to release the mutex lock in fuzzer
+            sendValidResponse(newSocket);
+        }
+    }
+    send(newSocket, kQuitResponse.c_str(), kQuitResponse.size(), 0);
+}
+
+void RTSPConnectionFuzzer::startServer() {
+    signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+    mServerFd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
+    struct sockaddr_in serverAddress;
+    serverAddress.sin_family = AF_INET;
+    serverAddress.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_LOOPBACK);
+    serverAddress.sin_port = htons(kPort);
+
+    // Get rid of "Address in use" error
+    int32_t opt = 1;
+    if (setsockopt(mServerFd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt))) {
+        mServerFailure = true;
+    }
+
+    // Bind the socket and set for listening.
+    if (bind(mServerFd, (struct sockaddr*)(&serverAddress), sizeof(serverAddress)) < 0) {
+        mServerFailure = true;
+    }
+
+    if (listen(mServerFd, 5) < 0) {
+        mServerFailure = true;
+    }
+}
+
+void RTSPConnectionFuzzer::acceptConnection() {
+    int32_t clientFd = accept4(mServerFd, nullptr, nullptr, SOCK_CLOEXEC);
+    handleConnection(clientFd);
+    close(clientFd);
+}
+
+void RTSPConnectionFuzzer::process() {
+    startServer();
+    if (mServerFailure) {
+        return;
+    }
+    sp<ALooper> looper = sp<ALooper>::make();
+    sp<FuzzAHandler> handler =
+            sp<FuzzAHandler>::make(std::bind(&RTSPConnectionFuzzer::signalEos, this));
+    sp<ARTSPConnection> rtspConnection =
+            sp<ARTSPConnection>::make(mFdp.ConsumeBool(), mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint64_t>());
+    looper->start();
+    looper->registerHandler(rtspConnection);
+    looper->registerHandler(handler);
+    sp<AMessage> replymsg = sp<AMessage>::make(kWhat, handler);
+    std::string url = kUrlPrefix + std::to_string(kPort) + "/";
+
+    while (mFdp.remaining_bytes() && mThreadPool.size() < kMaxThreads) {
+        createFuzzData();
+        mThreadPool.push_back(std::thread(&RTSPConnectionFuzzer::acceptConnection, this));
+        if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+            rtspConnection->observeBinaryData(replymsg);
+        }
+
+        {
+            rtspConnection->connect(url.c_str(), replymsg);
+            std::unique_lock waitForMsgPostComplete(mMsgPostCompleteMutex);
+            mConditionalVariable.wait(waitForMsgPostComplete, [this] {
+                if (mEosReached == true) {
+                    mEosReached = false;
+                    return true;
+                }
+                return mEosReached;
+            });
+        }
+
+        if (mRequestData != kDefaultRequestValue) {
+            rtspConnection->sendRequest(mRequestData.c_str(), replymsg);
+            std::unique_lock waitForMsgPostComplete(mMsgPostCompleteMutex);
+            mConditionalVariable.wait(waitForMsgPostComplete, [this] {
+                if (mEosReached == true) {
+                    mEosReached = false;
+                    return true;
+                }
+                return mEosReached;
+            });
+        }
+
+        if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+            rtspConnection->disconnect(replymsg);
+            std::unique_lock waitForMsgPostComplete(mMsgPostCompleteMutex);
+            mConditionalVariable.wait(waitForMsgPostComplete, [this] {
+                if (mEosReached == true) {
+                    mEosReached = false;
+                    return true;
+                }
+                return mEosReached;
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    RTSPConnectionFuzzer rtspFuzz(data, size);
+    rtspFuzz.process();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/sdploader_fuzzer.cpp b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/sdploader_fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..748e5b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/sdploader_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <datasource/HTTPBase.h>
+#include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+#include <media/MediaHTTPConnection.h>
+#include <media/MediaHTTPService.h>
+#include <media/stagefright/MediaDefs.h>
+#include <media/stagefright/rtsp/SDPLoader.h>
+
+using namespace android;
+
+constexpr int32_t kMinCapacity = 0;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxCapacity = 1000;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxStringLength = 20;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxBytes = 128;
+enum { kWhatLoad = 'load' };
+
+struct FuzzAHandler : public AHandler {
+  public:
+    FuzzAHandler(std::function<void()> signalEosFunction) : mSignalEosFunction(signalEosFunction) {}
+
+  protected:
+    void onMessageReceived(const sp<AMessage>& msg) override {
+        switch (msg->what()) {
+            case kWhatLoad: {
+                mSignalEosFunction();
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    std::function<void()> mSignalEosFunction;
+};
+
+struct FuzzMediaHTTPConnection : public MediaHTTPConnection {
+  public:
+    FuzzMediaHTTPConnection(FuzzedDataProvider* fdp) : mFdp(fdp) {
+        mSize = mFdp->ConsumeIntegralInRange(kMinCapacity, kMaxCapacity);
+        mData = mFdp->ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(mSize);
+        mSize = mData.size();
+    }
+    virtual bool connect(const char* /* uri */,
+                         const KeyedVector<String8, String8>* /* headers */) {
+        return mFdp->ConsumeBool();
+    }
+    virtual void disconnect() { return; }
+    virtual ssize_t readAt(off64_t offset, void* data, size_t size) {
+        if ((size + offset <= mData.size()) && (offset >= 0)) {
+           memcpy(data, mData.data() + offset, size);
+           return size;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+    virtual off64_t getSize() { return mSize; }
+    virtual status_t getMIMEType(String8* /*mimeType*/) {return mFdp->ConsumeIntegral<status_t>();}
+    virtual status_t getUri(String8* /*uri*/) {return mFdp->ConsumeIntegral<status_t>();}
+
+  private:
+    FuzzedDataProvider* mFdp = nullptr;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> mData;
+    size_t mSize = 0;
+};
+
+struct FuzzMediaHTTPService : public MediaHTTPService {
+  public:
+    FuzzMediaHTTPService(FuzzedDataProvider* fdp) : mFdp(fdp) {}
+    virtual sp<MediaHTTPConnection> makeHTTPConnection() {
+        mediaHTTPConnection = sp<FuzzMediaHTTPConnection>::make(mFdp);
+        return mediaHTTPConnection;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    sp<FuzzMediaHTTPConnection> mediaHTTPConnection = nullptr;
+    FuzzedDataProvider* mFdp = nullptr;
+};
+
+class SDPLoaderFuzzer {
+  public:
+    SDPLoaderFuzzer(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) : mFdp(data, size) {}
+    void process();
+
+  private:
+    void signalEos();
+
+    bool mEosReached = false;
+    std::mutex mMsgPostCompleteMutex;
+    std::condition_variable mConditionalVariable;
+    FuzzedDataProvider mFdp;
+};
+
+void SDPLoaderFuzzer::signalEos() {
+    mEosReached = true;
+    mConditionalVariable.notify_one();
+    return;
+}
+
+void SDPLoaderFuzzer::process() {
+    sp<FuzzAHandler> handler = sp<FuzzAHandler>::make(std::bind(&SDPLoaderFuzzer::signalEos, this));
+    sp<ALooper> looper = sp<ALooper>::make();
+    looper->start();
+    looper->registerHandler(handler);
+    const sp<AMessage> notify = sp<AMessage>::make(kWhatLoad, handler);
+    sp<SDPLoader> sdpLoader =
+            sp<SDPLoader>::make(notify, mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>() /* flags */,
+                                sp<FuzzMediaHTTPService>::make(&mFdp) /* httpService */);
+
+    KeyedVector<String8, String8> headers;
+    for (size_t idx = 0; idx < mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinCapacity, kMaxCapacity);
+         ++idx) {
+        headers.add(String8(mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes).c_str()) /* key */,
+                    String8(mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes).c_str()) /* value */);
+    }
+
+    sdpLoader->load(mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes).c_str() /* url */, &headers);
+
+    std::unique_lock waitForMsgPostComplete(mMsgPostCompleteMutex);
+    mConditionalVariable.wait(waitForMsgPostComplete, [this] { return mEosReached; });
+}
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    SDPLoaderFuzzer sdpLoaderFuzzer(data, size);
+    sdpLoaderFuzzer.process();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/media/module/codecs/mp3dec/src/pvmp3_framedecoder.cpp b/media/module/codecs/mp3dec/src/pvmp3_framedecoder.cpp
index 5cf1ed3..fb9f1e9 100644
--- a/media/module/codecs/mp3dec/src/pvmp3_framedecoder.cpp
+++ b/media/module/codecs/mp3dec/src/pvmp3_framedecoder.cpp
@@ -154,6 +154,189 @@
 ; FUNCTION CODE
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
+/* The below code is borrowed from ./test/mp3reader.cpp */
+static bool parseHeader(
+        uint32_t header, size_t *frame_size,
+        uint32_t *out_sampling_rate = NULL, uint32_t *out_channels = NULL ,
+        uint32_t *out_bitrate = NULL, uint32_t *out_num_samples = NULL) {
+    *frame_size = 0;
+
+    if (out_sampling_rate) {
+        *out_sampling_rate = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (out_channels) {
+        *out_channels = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (out_bitrate) {
+        *out_bitrate = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (out_num_samples) {
+        *out_num_samples = 1152;
+    }
+
+    if ((header & 0xffe00000) != 0xffe00000) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    unsigned version = (header >> 19) & 3;
+
+    if (version == 0x01) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    unsigned layer = (header >> 17) & 3;
+
+    if (layer == 0x00) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    unsigned bitrate_index = (header >> 12) & 0x0f;
+
+    if (bitrate_index == 0 || bitrate_index == 0x0f) {
+        // Disallow "free" bitrate.
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    unsigned sampling_rate_index = (header >> 10) & 3;
+
+    if (sampling_rate_index == 3) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    static const int kSamplingRateV1[] = { 44100, 48000, 32000 };
+    int sampling_rate = kSamplingRateV1[sampling_rate_index];
+    if (version == 2 /* V2 */) {
+        sampling_rate /= 2;
+    } else if (version == 0 /* V2.5 */) {
+        sampling_rate /= 4;
+    }
+
+    unsigned padding = (header >> 9) & 1;
+
+    if (layer == 3) {
+        // layer I
+
+        static const int kBitrateV1[] = {
+            32, 64, 96, 128, 160, 192, 224, 256,
+            288, 320, 352, 384, 416, 448
+        };
+
+        static const int kBitrateV2[] = {
+            32, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128,
+            144, 160, 176, 192, 224, 256
+        };
+
+        int bitrate =
+            (version == 3 /* V1 */)
+                ? kBitrateV1[bitrate_index - 1]
+                : kBitrateV2[bitrate_index - 1];
+
+        if (out_bitrate) {
+            *out_bitrate = bitrate;
+        }
+
+        *frame_size = (12000 * bitrate / sampling_rate + padding) * 4;
+
+        if (out_num_samples) {
+            *out_num_samples = 384;
+        }
+    } else {
+        // layer II or III
+
+        static const int kBitrateV1L2[] = {
+            32, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128,
+            160, 192, 224, 256, 320, 384
+        };
+
+        static const int kBitrateV1L3[] = {
+            32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112,
+            128, 160, 192, 224, 256, 320
+        };
+
+        static const int kBitrateV2[] = {
+            8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64,
+            80, 96, 112, 128, 144, 160
+        };
+
+        int bitrate;
+        if (version == 3 /* V1 */) {
+            bitrate = (layer == 2 /* L2 */)
+                ? kBitrateV1L2[bitrate_index - 1]
+                : kBitrateV1L3[bitrate_index - 1];
+
+            if (out_num_samples) {
+                *out_num_samples = 1152;
+            }
+        } else {
+            // V2 (or 2.5)
+
+            bitrate = kBitrateV2[bitrate_index - 1];
+            if (out_num_samples) {
+                *out_num_samples = (layer == 1 /* L3 */) ? 576 : 1152;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (out_bitrate) {
+            *out_bitrate = bitrate;
+        }
+
+        if (version == 3 /* V1 */) {
+            *frame_size = 144000 * bitrate / sampling_rate + padding;
+        } else {
+            // V2 or V2.5
+            size_t tmp = (layer == 1 /* L3 */) ? 72000 : 144000;
+            *frame_size = tmp * bitrate / sampling_rate + padding;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (out_sampling_rate) {
+        *out_sampling_rate = sampling_rate;
+    }
+
+    if (out_channels) {
+        int channel_mode = (header >> 6) & 3;
+
+        *out_channels = (channel_mode == 3) ? 1 : 2;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static uint32_t U32_AT(const uint8_t *ptr) {
+    return ptr[0] << 24 | ptr[1] << 16 | ptr[2] << 8 | ptr[3];
+}
+
+// Check if the input is valid by checking if it contains a sync word
+static ERROR_CODE validate_input(uint8 *buf, uint32 inSize)
+{
+    /*
+     * Verify that at least the header is complete
+     * Note that SYNC_WORD_LNGTH is in unit of bits, but inSize is in unit of bytes.
+     */
+    if (inSize < ((SYNC_WORD_LNGTH + 21) >> 3))
+    {
+        return NO_ENOUGH_MAIN_DATA_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    size_t totalInSize = 0;
+    size_t frameSize = 0;
+    while (totalInSize <= (inSize - 4)) {
+        if (!parseHeader(U32_AT(buf + totalInSize), &frameSize)) {
+            return SYNCH_LOST_ERROR;
+        }
+        // Buffer needs to be large enough to include complete frame
+        if ((frameSize > inSize) || (totalInSize > (inSize - frameSize))) {
+            return SYNCH_LOST_ERROR;
+        }
+        totalInSize += frameSize;
+    }
+
+    return NO_DECODING_ERROR;
+}
+
 ERROR_CODE pvmp3_framedecoder(tPVMP3DecoderExternal *pExt,
                               void              *pMem)
 {
@@ -170,6 +353,13 @@
     mp3Header info_data;
     mp3Header *info = &info_data;
 
+    errorCode = validate_input(pExt->pInputBuffer, pExt->inputBufferCurrentLength);
+    if (errorCode != NO_DECODING_ERROR)
+    {
+        pExt->outputFrameSize = 0;
+        return errorCode;
+    }
+
     pVars->inputStream.pBuffer  = pExt->pInputBuffer;
 
 
diff --git a/media/module/extractors/mp4/Android.bp b/media/module/extractors/mp4/Android.bp
index 540d75d..8072002 100644
--- a/media/module/extractors/mp4/Android.bp
+++ b/media/module/extractors/mp4/Android.bp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 
     srcs: [
         "AC4Parser.cpp",
+        "HeifCleanAperture.cpp",
         "ItemTable.cpp",
         "MPEG4Extractor.cpp",
         "SampleIterator.cpp",
diff --git a/media/module/extractors/mp4/HeifCleanAperture.cpp b/media/module/extractors/mp4/HeifCleanAperture.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0a0867
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/module/extractors/mp4/HeifCleanAperture.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <HeifCleanAperture.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace heif {
+namespace {
+
+// |a| and |b| hold int32_t values. The int64_t type is used so that we can negate INT32_MIN without
+// overflowing int32_t.
+int64_t calculateGreatestCommonDivisor(int64_t a, int64_t b) {
+    if (a < 0) {
+        a *= -1;
+    }
+    if (b < 0) {
+        b *= -1;
+    }
+    while (b != 0) {
+        int64_t r = a % b;
+        a = b;
+        b = r;
+    }
+    return a;
+}
+
+bool overflowsInt32(int64_t x) {
+    return (x < INT32_MIN) || (x > INT32_MAX);
+}
+
+Fraction calculateCenter(int32_t value) {
+    Fraction f(value, 2);
+    f.simplify();
+    return f;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+Fraction::Fraction(int32_t n, int32_t d) {
+    this->n = n;
+    this->d = d;
+}
+
+void Fraction::simplify() {
+    int64_t gcd = calculateGreatestCommonDivisor(n, d);
+    if (gcd > 1) {
+        n = static_cast<int32_t>(n / gcd);
+        d = static_cast<int32_t>(d / gcd);
+    }
+}
+
+bool Fraction::commonDenominator(Fraction* f) {
+    simplify();
+    f->simplify();
+    if (d == f->d) return true;
+    const int64_t this_d = d;
+    const int64_t fd = f->d;
+    const int64_t thisnNew = n * fd;
+    const int64_t thisdNew = d * fd;
+    const int64_t fnNew = f->n * this_d;
+    const int64_t fdNew = f->d * this_d;
+    if (overflowsInt32(thisnNew) || overflowsInt32(thisdNew) || overflowsInt32(fnNew) ||
+        overflowsInt32(fdNew)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    n = static_cast<int32_t>(thisnNew);
+    d = static_cast<int32_t>(thisdNew);
+    f->n = static_cast<int32_t>(fnNew);
+    f->d = static_cast<int32_t>(fdNew);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool Fraction::add(Fraction f) {
+    if (!commonDenominator(&f)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const int64_t result = static_cast<int64_t>(n) + f.n;
+    if (overflowsInt32(result)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    n = static_cast<int32_t>(result);
+    simplify();
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool Fraction::subtract(Fraction f) {
+    if (!commonDenominator(&f)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const int64_t result = static_cast<int64_t>(n) - f.n;
+    if (overflowsInt32(result)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    n = static_cast<int32_t>(result);
+    simplify();
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertCleanApertureToRect(uint32_t imageW, uint32_t imageH, const CleanAperture& clap,
+                                int32_t* left, int32_t* top, int32_t* right, int32_t* bottom) {
+    // ISO/IEC 14496-12:2020, Section 12.1.4.1:
+    //   For horizOff and vertOff, D shall be strictly positive and N may be
+    //   positive or negative. For cleanApertureWidth and cleanApertureHeight,
+    //   N shall be positive and D shall be strictly positive.
+    if (clap.width.d <= 0 || clap.height.d <= 0 || clap.horizOff.d <= 0 || clap.vertOff.d <= 0 ||
+        clap.width.n < 0 || clap.height.n < 0 || !clap.width.isInteger() ||
+        !clap.height.isInteger() || imageW > INT32_MAX || imageH > INT32_MAX) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const int32_t clapW = clap.width.getInt32();
+    const int32_t clapH = clap.height.getInt32();
+    if (clapW == 0 || clapH == 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    Fraction centerX = calculateCenter(imageW);
+    Fraction centerY = calculateCenter(imageH);
+    Fraction halfW(clapW, 2);
+    Fraction halfH(clapH, 2);
+
+    if (!centerX.add(clap.horizOff) || !centerX.subtract(halfW) || !centerX.isInteger() ||
+        centerX.n < 0 || !centerY.add(clap.vertOff) || !centerY.subtract(halfH) ||
+        !centerY.isInteger() || centerY.n < 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    *left = centerX.getInt32();
+    *top = centerY.getInt32();
+    *right = *left + clapW;
+    *bottom = *top + clapH;
+
+    // Make sure that the crop rect is within the image bounds.
+    if (*left > (UINT32_MAX - clapW) || *right > imageW || *top > (UINT32_MAX - clapH) ||
+        *bottom > imageH) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace heif
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/media/module/extractors/mp4/ItemTable.cpp b/media/module/extractors/mp4/ItemTable.cpp
index 06da18d..c6586fc 100644
--- a/media/module/extractors/mp4/ItemTable.cpp
+++ b/media/module/extractors/mp4/ItemTable.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 #include <unordered_set>
 
+#include <HeifCleanAperture.h>
 #include <ItemTable.h>
 #include <media/MediaExtractorPluginApi.h>
 #include <media/MediaExtractorPluginHelper.h>
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@
     ImageItem(uint32_t _type, uint32_t _id, bool _hidden) :
             type(_type), itemId(_id), hidden(_hidden),
             rows(0), columns(0), width(0), height(0), rotation(0),
-            offset(0), size(0), nextTileIndex(0) {}
+            offset(0), size(0), seenClap(false), nextTileIndex(0) {}
 
     bool isGrid() const {
         return type == FOURCC("grid");
@@ -77,6 +78,8 @@
     sp<ABuffer> hvcc;
     sp<ABuffer> icc;
     sp<ABuffer> av1c;
+    bool seenClap;
+    CleanAperture clap;
 
     Vector<uint32_t> thumbnails;
     Vector<uint32_t> dimgRefs;
@@ -833,6 +836,47 @@
     return OK;
 }
 
+struct ClapBox : public Box, public ItemProperty {
+    ClapBox(DataSourceHelper *source) :
+        Box(source, FOURCC("clap")), mSeen(false) {}
+
+    status_t parse(off64_t offset, size_t size) override;
+
+    void attachTo(ImageItem &image) const override {
+        image.seenClap = mSeen;
+        if (!mSeen) return;
+        image.clap = mClap;
+    }
+
+private:
+    bool mSeen;
+    CleanAperture mClap;
+};
+
+status_t ClapBox::parse(off64_t offset, size_t size) {
+    ALOGV("%s: offset %lld, size %zu", __FUNCTION__, (long long)offset, size);
+
+    if (size < 32) {
+        return ERROR_MALFORMED;
+    }
+    mSeen = true;
+    uint32_t values[8];
+    for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i, offset += 4) {
+        if (!source()->getUInt32(offset, &values[i])) {
+            return ERROR_IO;
+        }
+    }
+    mClap.width.n = values[0];
+    mClap.width.d = values[1];
+    mClap.height.n = values[2];
+    mClap.height.d = values[3];
+    mClap.horizOff.n = values[4];
+    mClap.horizOff.d = values[5];
+    mClap.vertOff.n = values[6];
+    mClap.vertOff.d = values[7];
+    return OK;
+}
+
 struct ColrBox : public Box, public ItemProperty {
     ColrBox(DataSourceHelper *source) :
         Box(source, FOURCC("colr")) {}
@@ -992,6 +1036,11 @@
             itemProperty = new IrotBox(source());
             break;
         }
+        case FOURCC("clap"):
+        {
+            itemProperty = new ClapBox(source());
+            break;
+        }
         case FOURCC("colr"):
         {
             itemProperty = new ColrBox(source());
@@ -1599,6 +1648,12 @@
     AMediaFormat_setInt32(meta,
             AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MAX_INPUT_SIZE, image->width * image->height * 3 / 2);
 
+    int32_t left, top, right, bottom;
+    if (image->seenClap && convertCleanApertureToRect(image->width, image->height, image->clap,
+                                                      &left, &top, &right, &bottom)) {
+        AMediaFormat_setRect(meta, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_DISPLAY_CROP, left, top, right - 1, bottom - 1);
+    }
+
     if (!image->thumbnails.empty()) {
         ssize_t thumbItemIndex = mItemIdToItemMap.indexOfKey(image->thumbnails[0]);
         if (thumbItemIndex >= 0) {
diff --git a/media/module/extractors/mp4/MPEG4Extractor.cpp b/media/module/extractors/mp4/MPEG4Extractor.cpp
index 4b0dfe8..b3707c8 100644
--- a/media/module/extractors/mp4/MPEG4Extractor.cpp
+++ b/media/module/extractors/mp4/MPEG4Extractor.cpp
@@ -2009,7 +2009,7 @@
             uint8_t mhac_header[mhac_header_size];
             off64_t data_offset = *offset;
 
-            if (chunk_size < sizeof(mhac_header)) {
+            if (mLastTrack == NULL || chunk_size < sizeof(mhac_header)) {
                 return ERROR_MALFORMED;
             }
 
diff --git a/media/module/extractors/mp4/include/HeifCleanAperture.h b/media/module/extractors/mp4/include/HeifCleanAperture.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..930197d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/module/extractors/mp4/include/HeifCleanAperture.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef HEIF_CLEAN_APERTURE_H_
+#define HEIF_CLEAN_APERTURE_H_
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace heif {
+
+struct Fraction {
+    Fraction() = default;
+    Fraction(int32_t n, int32_t d);
+
+    void simplify();
+    bool commonDenominator(Fraction* f);
+    bool add(Fraction f);
+    bool subtract(Fraction f);
+    bool isInteger() const { return n % d == 0; }
+    int32_t getInt32() const { return n / d; }
+    int32_t n;
+    int32_t d;
+};
+
+struct CleanAperture {
+    Fraction width;
+    Fraction height;
+    Fraction horizOff;
+    Fraction vertOff;
+};
+
+// Converts the CleanAperture value into a rectangle with bounds left, top, right and bottom.
+// Returns true on success, false otherwise.
+bool convertCleanApertureToRect(uint32_t imageW, uint32_t imageH, const CleanAperture& image,
+                                int32_t* left, int32_t* top, int32_t* right, int32_t* bottom);
+
+}  // namespace heif
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // HEIF_CLEAN_APERTURE_H_
diff --git a/media/module/extractors/mp4/tests/Android.bp b/media/module/extractors/mp4/tests/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..252cec2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/module/extractors/mp4/tests/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_av_media_extractors_mp4_license"],
+}
+
+cc_test_host {
+    name: "HeifCleanApertureUnitTest",
+    gtest: true,
+
+    srcs: ["HeifCleanApertureUnitTest.cpp"],
+
+    header_libs: [
+        "libmp4extractor_headers",
+    ],
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "libmp4extractor",
+    ],
+
+    target: {
+        darwin: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
+    },
+}
diff --git a/media/module/extractors/mp4/tests/HeifCleanApertureUnitTest.cpp b/media/module/extractors/mp4/tests/HeifCleanApertureUnitTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a84ae3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/module/extractors/mp4/tests/HeifCleanApertureUnitTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <HeifCleanAperture.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace {
+
+using android::heif::CleanAperture;
+using android::heif::convertCleanApertureToRect;
+using android::heif::Fraction;
+
+struct InvalidClapPropertyParam {
+    uint32_t width;
+    uint32_t height;
+    CleanAperture clap;
+};
+
+const InvalidClapPropertyParam kInvalidClapPropertyTestParams[] = {
+        // Zero or negative denominators.
+        {120, 160, {Fraction(96, 0), Fraction(132, 1), Fraction(0, 1), Fraction(0, 1)}},
+        {120, 160, {Fraction(96, -1), Fraction(132, 1), Fraction(0, 1), Fraction(0, 1)}},
+        {120, 160, {Fraction(96, 1), Fraction(132, 0), Fraction(0, 1), Fraction(0, 1)}},
+        {120, 160, {Fraction(96, 1), Fraction(132, -1), Fraction(0, 1), Fraction(0, 1)}},
+        {120, 160, {Fraction(96, 1), Fraction(132, 1), Fraction(0, 0), Fraction(0, 1)}},
+        {120, 160, {Fraction(96, 1), Fraction(132, 1), Fraction(0, -1), Fraction(0, 1)}},
+        {120, 160, {Fraction(96, 1), Fraction(132, 1), Fraction(0, 1), Fraction(0, 0)}},
+        {120, 160, {Fraction(96, 1), Fraction(132, 1), Fraction(0, 1), Fraction(0, -1)}},
+        // Zero or negative clean aperture width or height.
+        {120, 160, {Fraction(-96, 1), Fraction(132, 1), Fraction(0, 1), Fraction(0, 1)}},
+        {120, 160, {Fraction(0, 1), Fraction(132, 1), Fraction(0, 1), Fraction(0, 1)}},
+        {120, 160, {Fraction(96, 1), Fraction(-132, 1), Fraction(0, 1), Fraction(0, 1)}},
+        {120, 160, {Fraction(96, 1), Fraction(0, 1), Fraction(0, 1), Fraction(0, 1)}},
+        // Clean aperture width or height is not an integer.
+        {120, 160, {Fraction(96, 5), Fraction(132, 1), Fraction(0, 1), Fraction(0, 1)}},
+        {120, 160, {Fraction(96, 1), Fraction(132, 5), Fraction(0, 1), Fraction(0, 1)}},
+        {722, 1024, {Fraction(385, 1), Fraction(330, 1), Fraction(103, 1), Fraction(-308, 1)}},
+        {1024, 722, {Fraction(330, 1), Fraction(385, 1), Fraction(-308, 1), Fraction(103, 1)}},
+};
+
+using InvalidClapPropertyTest = ::testing::TestWithParam<InvalidClapPropertyParam>;
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(Parameterized, InvalidClapPropertyTest,
+                         ::testing::ValuesIn(kInvalidClapPropertyTestParams));
+
+// Negative tests for the convertCleanApertureToRect() function.
+TEST_P(InvalidClapPropertyTest, ValidateClapProperty) {
+    const InvalidClapPropertyParam& param = GetParam();
+    int32_t left, top, right, bottom;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(convertCleanApertureToRect(param.width, param.height, param.clap, &left, &top,
+                                            &right, &bottom));
+}
+
+struct ValidClapPropertyParam {
+    uint32_t width;
+    uint32_t height;
+    CleanAperture clap;
+
+    int32_t left;
+    int32_t top;
+    int32_t right;
+    int32_t bottom;
+};
+
+const ValidClapPropertyParam kValidClapPropertyTestParams[] = {
+        {120,
+         160,
+         {Fraction(96, 1), Fraction(132, 1), Fraction(0, 1), Fraction(0, 1)},
+         12,
+         14,
+         108,
+         146},
+        {120,
+         160,
+         {Fraction(60, 1), Fraction(80, 1), Fraction(-30, 1), Fraction(-40, 1)},
+         0,
+         0,
+         60,
+         80},
+};
+
+using ValidClapPropertyTest = ::testing::TestWithParam<ValidClapPropertyParam>;
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(Parameterized, ValidClapPropertyTest,
+                         ::testing::ValuesIn(kValidClapPropertyTestParams));
+
+// Positive tests for the convertCleanApertureToRect() function.
+TEST_P(ValidClapPropertyTest, ValidateClapProperty) {
+    const ValidClapPropertyParam& param = GetParam();
+    int32_t left, top, right, bottom;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(convertCleanApertureToRect(param.width, param.height, param.clap, &left, &top,
+                                           &right, &bottom));
+    EXPECT_EQ(left, param.left);
+    EXPECT_EQ(top, param.top);
+    EXPECT_EQ(right, param.right);
+    EXPECT_EQ(bottom, param.bottom);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
diff --git a/media/mtp/MtpDataPacket.cpp b/media/mtp/MtpDataPacket.cpp
index 5dbcd08..a2b1c5e 100644
--- a/media/mtp/MtpDataPacket.cpp
+++ b/media/mtp/MtpDataPacket.cpp
@@ -73,14 +73,14 @@
 }
 
 bool MtpDataPacket::getUInt8(uint8_t& value) {
-    if (mPacketSize - mOffset < sizeof(value))
+    if ((mPacketSize - mOffset < sizeof(value)) || (mOffset >= mBufferSize))
         return false;
     value = mBuffer[mOffset++];
     return true;
 }
 
 bool MtpDataPacket::getUInt16(uint16_t& value) {
-    if (mPacketSize - mOffset < sizeof(value))
+    if ((mPacketSize - mOffset < sizeof(value)) || ((mOffset+1) >= mBufferSize))
         return false;
     int offset = mOffset;
     value = (uint16_t)mBuffer[offset] | ((uint16_t)mBuffer[offset + 1] << 8);
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
 }
 
 bool MtpDataPacket::getUInt32(uint32_t& value) {
-    if (mPacketSize - mOffset < sizeof(value))
+    if ((mPacketSize - mOffset < sizeof(value)) || ((mOffset+3) >= mBufferSize))
         return false;
     int offset = mOffset;
     value = (uint32_t)mBuffer[offset] | ((uint32_t)mBuffer[offset + 1] << 8) |
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
 }
 
 bool MtpDataPacket::getUInt64(uint64_t& value) {
-    if (mPacketSize - mOffset < sizeof(value))
+    if ((mPacketSize - mOffset < sizeof(value)) || ((mOffset+7) >= mBufferSize))
         return false;
     int offset = mOffset;
     value = (uint64_t)mBuffer[offset] | ((uint64_t)mBuffer[offset + 1] << 8) |
@@ -420,11 +420,16 @@
 }
 
 void MtpDataPacket::putString(const char* s) {
-    MtpStringBuffer string(s);
-    string.writeToPacket(this);
+    if (s != NULL) {
+        MtpStringBuffer string(s);
+        string.writeToPacket(this);
+    }
 }
 
 void MtpDataPacket::putString(const uint16_t* string) {
+    if (string == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
     int count = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i <= MTP_STRING_MAX_CHARACTER_NUMBER; i++) {
         if (string[i])
diff --git a/media/mtp/MtpFfsHandle.cpp b/media/mtp/MtpFfsHandle.cpp
index ef8c9aa..5d68890 100644
--- a/media/mtp/MtpFfsHandle.cpp
+++ b/media/mtp/MtpFfsHandle.cpp
@@ -591,6 +591,9 @@
 
     // Send the header data
     mtp_data_header *header = reinterpret_cast<mtp_data_header*>(mIobuf[0].bufs.data());
+    if (header == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
     header->length = htole32(given_length);
     header->type = htole16(2); // data packet
     header->command = htole16(mfr.command);
diff --git a/media/mtp/MtpPacket.cpp b/media/mtp/MtpPacket.cpp
index 5faaac2..af67fc0 100644
--- a/media/mtp/MtpPacket.cpp
+++ b/media/mtp/MtpPacket.cpp
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
     }
     else {
         ALOGE("offset for buffer read is greater than buffer size!");
-        abort();
+        return 0;
     }
 }
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
     }
     else {
         ALOGE("offset for buffer read is greater than buffer size!");
-        abort();
+        return 0;
     }
 }
 
@@ -168,13 +168,18 @@
         return;
     }
     int offset = MTP_CONTAINER_PARAMETER_OFFSET + (index - 1) * sizeof(uint32_t);
-    if (mPacketSize < offset + sizeof(uint32_t))
+    if (mPacketSize < offset + sizeof(uint32_t)) {
         mPacketSize = offset + sizeof(uint32_t);
+        allocate(mPacketSize);
+    }
     putUInt32(offset, value);
 }
 
 #ifdef MTP_HOST
 int MtpPacket::transfer(struct usb_request* request) {
+    if (request->dev == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
     int result = usb_device_bulk_transfer(request->dev,
                             request->endpoint,
                             request->buffer,
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/Android.bp b/media/ndk/fuzzer/Android.bp
index a3d6a96..ba92b19 100644
--- a/media/ndk/fuzzer/Android.bp
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/Android.bp
@@ -56,6 +56,14 @@
             "android-media-fuzzing-reports@google.com",
         ],
         componentid: 155276,
+        hotlists: [
+            "4593311",
+        ],
+        description: "The fuzzer targets the APIs of libmediandk library",
+        vector: "local_no_privileges_required",
+        service_privilege: "privileged",
+        users: "multi_user",
+        fuzzed_code_usage: "shipped",
     },
 }
 
@@ -63,6 +71,11 @@
     name: "ndk_crypto_fuzzer",
     srcs: ["ndk_crypto_fuzzer.cpp"],
     defaults: ["libmediandk_fuzzer_defaults"],
+    fuzz_config: {
+        libfuzzer_options: [
+            "max_len=10000",
+        ],
+    },
 }
 
 cc_fuzz {
@@ -116,3 +129,16 @@
     header_libs: ["libnativewindow_headers",],
     defaults: ["libmediandk_fuzzer_defaults",],
 }
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "ndk_async_codec_fuzzer",
+    srcs: [
+           "ndk_async_codec_fuzzer.cpp",
+           "NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase.cpp",
+          ],
+    header_libs: [
+           "libnativewindow_headers",
+           "libutils_headers",
+          ],
+    defaults: ["libmediandk_fuzzer_defaults",],
+}
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/README.md b/media/ndk/fuzzer/README.md
index 0fd08b0..7f6bdd7 100644
--- a/media/ndk/fuzzer/README.md
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/README.md
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 + [ndk_drm_fuzzer](#NdkDrm)
 + [ndk_mediamuxer_fuzzer](#NdkMediaMuxer)
 + [ndk_sync_codec_fuzzer](#NdkSyncCodec)
++ [ndk_async_codec_fuzzer](#NdkAsyncCodec)
 
 # <a name="NdkCrypto"></a> Fuzzer for NdkCrypto
 
@@ -156,3 +157,16 @@
   $ adb sync data
   $ adb shell /data/fuzz/arm64/ndk_sync_codec_fuzzer/ndk_sync_codec_fuzzer
 ```
+
+# <a name="NdkAsyncCodec"></a>Fuzzer for NdkAsyncCodec
+
+#### Steps to run
+1. Build the fuzzer
+```
+  $ mm -j$(nproc) ndk_async_codec_fuzzer
+```
+2. Run on device
+```
+  $ adb sync data
+  $ adb shell /data/fuzz/arm64/ndk_async_codec_fuzzer/ndk_sync_codec_fuzzer
+```
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_async_codec_fuzzer.cpp b/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_async_codec_fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c860a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_async_codec_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#include <NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase.h>
+#include <media/NdkMediaFormatPriv.h>
+#include <functional>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <queue>
+#include <thread>
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace std;
+
+constexpr int32_t kMaxCryptoInfoAPIs = 3;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxNdkCodecAPIs = 5;
+
+template <typename T>
+class CallBackQueue {
+  public:
+    void push(T elem) {
+        bool needsNotify = false;
+        {
+            unique_lock<mutex> lock(mMutex);
+            needsNotify = mQueue.empty();
+            mQueue.push(std::move(elem));
+        }
+        if (needsNotify) {
+            mQueueNotEmptyCondition.notify_one();
+        }
+    }
+
+    T pop() {
+        unique_lock<mutex> lock(mMutex);
+        if (mQueue.empty()) {
+            mQueueNotEmptyCondition.wait(lock, [this]() { return !mQueue.empty(); });
+        }
+        auto result = mQueue.front();
+        mQueue.pop();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    mutex mMutex;
+    std::queue<T> mQueue;
+    std::condition_variable mQueueNotEmptyCondition;
+};
+
+class CallBackHandle {
+  public:
+    CallBackHandle() : mSawError(false), mIsDone(false) {}
+
+    virtual ~CallBackHandle() {}
+
+    void ioThread();
+
+    // Implementation in child class (Decoder/Encoder)
+    virtual void invokeInputBufferAPI(AMediaCodec* codec, int32_t index) {
+        (void)codec;
+        (void)index;
+    }
+    virtual void onFormatChanged(AMediaCodec* codec, AMediaFormat* format) {
+        (void)codec;
+        (void)format;
+    }
+    virtual void receiveError(void) {}
+    virtual void invokeOutputBufferAPI(AMediaCodec* codec, int32_t index,
+                                       AMediaCodecBufferInfo* bufferInfo) {
+        (void)codec;
+        (void)index;
+        (void)bufferInfo;
+    }
+
+    // Keep a queue of all function callbacks.
+    typedef function<void()> IOTask;
+    CallBackQueue<IOTask> mIOQueue;
+    bool mSawError;
+    bool mIsDone;
+};
+
+void CallBackHandle::ioThread() {
+    while (!mIsDone && !mSawError) {
+        auto task = mIOQueue.pop();
+        task();
+    }
+}
+
+static void onAsyncInputAvailable(AMediaCodec* codec, void* userdata, int32_t index) {
+    CallBackHandle* self = (CallBackHandle*)userdata;
+    self->mIOQueue.push([self, codec, index]() { self->invokeInputBufferAPI(codec, index); });
+}
+
+static void onAsyncOutputAvailable(AMediaCodec* codec, void* userdata, int32_t index,
+                                   AMediaCodecBufferInfo* bufferInfo) {
+    CallBackHandle* self = (CallBackHandle*)userdata;
+    AMediaCodecBufferInfo bufferInfoCopy = *bufferInfo;
+    self->mIOQueue.push([self, codec, index, bufferInfoCopy]() {
+        AMediaCodecBufferInfo bc = bufferInfoCopy;
+        self->invokeOutputBufferAPI(codec, index, &bc);
+    });
+}
+
+static void onAsyncFormatChanged(AMediaCodec* codec, void* userdata, AMediaFormat* format) {
+    (void)codec;
+    (void)userdata;
+    (void)format;
+};
+
+static void onAsyncError(AMediaCodec* codec, void* userdata, media_status_t err, int32_t actionCode,
+                         const char* detail) {
+    CallBackHandle* self = (CallBackHandle*)userdata;
+    self->mSawError = true;
+    self->receiveError();
+    (void)codec;
+    (void)err;
+    (void)actionCode;
+    (void)detail;
+};
+
+class NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer : public NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase, public CallBackHandle {
+  public:
+    NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
+        : NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase(), mFdp(data, size) {
+        setFdp(&mFdp);
+        mStopCodec = false;
+        mSawInputEOS = false;
+        mSignalledError = false;
+        mIsEncoder = false;
+        mNumOfFrames = 0;
+        mNumInputFrames = 0;
+    };
+    ~NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer() {
+        mIOThreadPool->stop();
+        delete (mIOThreadPool);
+    };
+
+    void process();
+
+    static void codecOnFrameRendered(AMediaCodec* codec, void* userdata, int64_t mediaTimeUs,
+                                     int64_t systemNano) {
+        (void)codec;
+        (void)userdata;
+        (void)mediaTimeUs;
+        (void)systemNano;
+    };
+    class ThreadPool {
+      public:
+        void start();
+        void queueJob(const std::function<void()>& job);
+        void stop();
+
+      private:
+        void ThreadLoop();
+        bool mShouldTerminate = false;
+        std::vector<std::thread> mThreads;
+        std::mutex mQueueMutex;
+        std::condition_variable mQueueMutexCondition;
+        std::queue<std::function<void()>> mJobs;
+    };
+
+  private:
+    FuzzedDataProvider mFdp;
+    AMediaCodec* mCodec = nullptr;
+    void invokeCodecCryptoInfoAPI();
+    void invokekAsyncCodecAPIs(bool isEncoder);
+    void invokeAsyncCodeConfigAPI();
+    void invokeInputBufferAPI(AMediaCodec* codec, int32_t bufferIndex);
+    void invokeOutputBufferAPI(AMediaCodec* codec, int32_t bufferIndex,
+                               AMediaCodecBufferInfo* bufferInfo);
+    void invokeFormatAPI(AMediaCodec* codec);
+    void receiveError();
+    bool mStopCodec;
+    bool mSawInputEOS;
+    bool mSignalledError;
+    int32_t mNumOfFrames;
+    int32_t mNumInputFrames;
+    mutable Mutex mMutex;
+    bool mIsEncoder;
+    ThreadPool* mIOThreadPool = new ThreadPool();
+};
+
+void NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer::ThreadPool::start() {
+    const uint32_t numThreads = std::thread::hardware_concurrency();
+    mThreads.resize(numThreads);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < numThreads; ++i) {
+        mThreads.at(i) = std::thread(&ThreadPool::ThreadLoop, this);
+    }
+}
+
+void NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer::ThreadPool::ThreadLoop() {
+    while (true) {
+        std::function<void()> job;
+        {
+            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mQueueMutex);
+            mQueueMutexCondition.wait(lock, [this] { return !mJobs.empty() || mShouldTerminate; });
+            if (mShouldTerminate) {
+                return;
+            }
+            job = mJobs.front();
+            mJobs.pop();
+        }
+        job();
+    }
+}
+
+void NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer::ThreadPool::queueJob(const std::function<void()>& job) {
+    {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mQueueMutex);
+        mJobs.push(job);
+    }
+    mQueueMutexCondition.notify_one();
+}
+
+void NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer::ThreadPool::stop() {
+    {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mQueueMutex);
+        mShouldTerminate = true;
+    }
+    mQueueMutexCondition.notify_all();
+    for (std::thread& active_thread : mThreads) {
+        active_thread.join();
+    }
+    mThreads.clear();
+}
+
+void NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer::receiveError(void) {
+    mSignalledError = true;
+}
+
+void NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer::invokeInputBufferAPI(AMediaCodec* codec, int32_t bufferIndex) {
+    size_t bufferSize = 0;
+    Mutex::Autolock autoLock(mMutex);
+    if (mSignalledError) {
+        CallBackHandle::mSawError = true;
+        return;
+    }
+    if (mStopCodec || bufferIndex < 0 || mSawInputEOS) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint8_t* buffer = AMediaCodec_getInputBuffer(codec, bufferIndex, &bufferSize);
+    if (buffer) {
+        std::vector<uint8_t> bytesRead = mFdp.ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(
+                std::min(mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes), bufferSize));
+        memcpy(buffer, bytesRead.data(), bytesRead.size());
+        bufferSize = bytesRead.size();
+    } else {
+        mSignalledError = true;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t flag = 0;
+    if (!bufferSize || mNumInputFrames == mNumOfFrames) {
+        flag |= AMEDIACODEC_BUFFER_FLAG_END_OF_STREAM;
+        mSawInputEOS = true;
+    }
+    AMediaCodec_queueInputBuffer(codec, bufferIndex, 0 /* offset */, bufferSize, 0 /* time */,
+                                 flag);
+    mNumInputFrames++;
+}
+
+void NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer::invokeOutputBufferAPI(AMediaCodec* codec, int32_t bufferIndex,
+                                                AMediaCodecBufferInfo* bufferInfo) {
+    size_t bufferSize = 0;
+    Mutex::Autolock autoLock(mMutex);
+
+    if (mSignalledError) {
+        CallBackHandle::mSawError = true;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (mStopCodec || bufferIndex < 0 || mIsDone) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!mIsEncoder) {
+        (void)AMediaCodec_getOutputBuffer(codec, bufferIndex, &bufferSize);
+    }
+    AMediaCodec_releaseOutputBuffer(codec, bufferIndex, mFdp.ConsumeBool());
+    mIsDone = (0 != (bufferInfo->flags & AMEDIACODEC_BUFFER_FLAG_END_OF_STREAM));
+}
+
+void NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer::invokeFormatAPI(AMediaCodec* codec) {
+    AMediaFormat* codecFormat = nullptr;
+    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+        codecFormat = AMediaCodec_getInputFormat(codec);
+    } else {
+        codecFormat = AMediaCodec_getOutputFormat(codec);
+    }
+    if (codecFormat) {
+        AMediaFormat_delete(codecFormat);
+    }
+}
+
+void NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer::invokekAsyncCodecAPIs(bool isEncoder) {
+    ANativeWindow* nativeWindow = nullptr;
+
+    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+        AMediaCodec_createInputSurface(mCodec, &nativeWindow);
+    }
+
+    if (AMEDIA_OK == AMediaCodec_configure(mCodec, getCodecFormat(), nativeWindow,
+                                           nullptr /* crypto */,
+                                           (isEncoder ? AMEDIACODEC_CONFIGURE_FLAG_ENCODE : 0))) {
+        mNumOfFrames = mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinIterations, kMaxIterations);
+        // Configure codecs to run in async mode.
+        AMediaCodecOnAsyncNotifyCallback callBack = {onAsyncInputAvailable, onAsyncOutputAvailable,
+                                                     onAsyncFormatChanged, onAsyncError};
+        AMediaCodec_setAsyncNotifyCallback(mCodec, callBack, this);
+        mIOThreadPool->queueJob([this] { CallBackHandle::ioThread(); });
+
+        AMediaCodec_start(mCodec);
+        sleep(5);
+        int32_t count = 0;
+        while (++count <= mNumOfFrames) {
+            int32_t ndkcodecAPI =
+                    mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinAPICase, kMaxNdkCodecAPIs);
+            switch (ndkcodecAPI) {
+                case 0: {  // get input and output Format
+                    invokeFormatAPI(mCodec);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 1: {
+                    AMediaCodec_signalEndOfInputStream(mCodec);
+                    mSawInputEOS = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 2: {  // set parameters
+                    // Create a new parameter and set
+                    AMediaFormat* params = AMediaFormat_new();
+                    AMediaFormat_setInt32(
+                            params, "video-bitrate",
+                            mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinIntKeyValue, kMaxIntKeyValue));
+                    AMediaCodec_setParameters(mCodec, params);
+                    AMediaFormat_delete(params);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 3: {  // flush codec
+                    AMediaCodec_flush(mCodec);
+                    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+                        AMediaCodec_start(mCodec);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 4: {
+                    char* name = nullptr;
+                    AMediaCodec_getName(mCodec, &name);
+                    AMediaCodec_releaseName(mCodec, name);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 5:
+                default: {
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> userData = mFdp.ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(
+                            mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes));
+                    AMediaCodecOnFrameRendered callback = codecOnFrameRendered;
+                    AMediaCodec_setOnFrameRenderedCallback(mCodec, callback, userData.data());
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        {
+            Mutex::Autolock autoLock(mMutex);
+            mStopCodec = 1;
+            AMediaCodec_stop(mCodec);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (nativeWindow) {
+        ANativeWindow_release(nativeWindow);
+    }
+}
+
+void NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer::invokeAsyncCodeConfigAPI() {
+    mIOThreadPool->start();
+
+    while (mFdp.remaining_bytes() > 0) {
+        mIsEncoder = mFdp.ConsumeBool();
+        mCodec = createCodec(mIsEncoder, mFdp.ConsumeBool() /* isCodecForClient */);
+        if (mCodec) {
+            invokekAsyncCodecAPIs(mIsEncoder);
+            AMediaCodec_delete(mCodec);
+        }
+    }
+    mIOThreadPool->stop();
+}
+
+void NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer::invokeCodecCryptoInfoAPI() {
+    while (mFdp.remaining_bytes() > 0) {
+        AMediaCodecCryptoInfo* cryptoInfo = getAMediaCodecCryptoInfo();
+        int32_t ndkCryptoInfoAPI =
+                mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinAPICase, kMaxCryptoInfoAPIs);
+        switch (ndkCryptoInfoAPI) {
+            case 0: {
+                size_t sizes[kMaxCryptoKey];
+                AMediaCodecCryptoInfo_getEncryptedBytes(cryptoInfo, sizes);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 1: {
+                size_t sizes[kMaxCryptoKey];
+                AMediaCodecCryptoInfo_getClearBytes(cryptoInfo, sizes);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 2: {
+                uint8_t bytes[kMaxCryptoKey];
+                AMediaCodecCryptoInfo_getIV(cryptoInfo, bytes);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 3:
+            default: {
+                uint8_t bytes[kMaxCryptoKey];
+                AMediaCodecCryptoInfo_getKey(cryptoInfo, bytes);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        AMediaCodecCryptoInfo_delete(cryptoInfo);
+    }
+}
+
+void NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer::process() {
+    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+        invokeCodecCryptoInfoAPI();
+    } else {
+        invokeAsyncCodeConfigAPI();
+    }
+}
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer ndkAsyncCodecFuzzer(data, size);
+    ndkAsyncCodecFuzzer.process();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_crypto_fuzzer.cpp b/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_crypto_fuzzer.cpp
index fcb0520..e6c1338 100644
--- a/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_crypto_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_crypto_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -23,10 +23,12 @@
 constexpr size_t kMaxString = 256;
 constexpr size_t kMinBytes = 0;
 constexpr size_t kMaxBytes = 1000;
+constexpr size_t kMaxRuns = 100;
 
 extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
     FuzzedDataProvider fdp(data, size);
     AMediaUUID uuid = {};
+    size_t apiCount = 0;
     int32_t maxLen = fdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, (size_t)sizeof(AMediaUUID));
     for (size_t idx = 0; idx < maxLen; ++idx) {
         uuid[idx] = fdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint8_t>();
@@ -34,7 +36,14 @@
     std::vector<uint8_t> initData =
             fdp.ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(fdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes));
     AMediaCrypto* crypto = AMediaCrypto_new(uuid, initData.data(), initData.size());
-    while (fdp.remaining_bytes()) {
+    /*
+     * The AMediaCrypto_isCryptoSchemeSupported API doesn't consume any input bytes,
+     * so when PickValueInArray() selects it repeatedly, only one byte is consumed by 'fdp'.
+     * As a result, on larger inputs, AMediaCrypto_isCryptoSchemeSupported can run a large
+     * number of times, potentially causing a timeout crash.
+     * Therefore, to prevent this issue, while loop is limited to kMaxRuns.
+     */
+    while (fdp.remaining_bytes() && ++apiCount <= kMaxRuns) {
         auto invokeNdkCryptoFuzzer = fdp.PickValueInArray<const std::function<void()>>({
                 [&]() {
                     AMediaCrypto_requiresSecureDecoderComponent(
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_mediaformat_fuzzer.cpp b/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_mediaformat_fuzzer.cpp
index c19ea13..23e2eaf 100644
--- a/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_mediaformat_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_mediaformat_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
 #include <media/NdkMediaFormat.h>
+#include <media/stagefright/foundation/AMessage.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
@@ -176,11 +177,13 @@
 constexpr size_t kMaxBytes = 1000;
 constexpr size_t kMinChoice = 0;
 constexpr size_t kMaxChoice = 9;
+const size_t kMaxIteration = android::AMessage::maxAllowedEntries();
 
 extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
     FuzzedDataProvider fdp(data, size);
     AMediaFormat* mediaFormat = AMediaFormat_new();
-    while (fdp.remaining_bytes()) {
+    std::vector<std::string> nameCollection;
+    while (fdp.remaining_bytes() && nameCollection.size() < kMaxIteration) {
         const char* name = nullptr;
         std::string nameString;
         if (fdp.ConsumeBool()) {
@@ -190,6 +193,11 @@
                             : fdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(
                                       fdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes));
             name = nameString.c_str();
+            std::vector<std::string>::iterator it =
+                    find(nameCollection.begin(), nameCollection.end(), name);
+            if (it == nameCollection.end()) {
+                nameCollection.push_back(name);
+            }
         }
         switch (fdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinChoice, kMaxChoice)) {
             case 0: {
diff --git a/media/tests/benchmark/MediaBenchmarkTest/src/main/java/com/android/media/benchmark/library/Decoder.java b/media/tests/benchmark/MediaBenchmarkTest/src/main/java/com/android/media/benchmark/library/Decoder.java
index 9e0d5e4..e947ef6 100644
--- a/media/tests/benchmark/MediaBenchmarkTest/src/main/java/com/android/media/benchmark/library/Decoder.java
+++ b/media/tests/benchmark/MediaBenchmarkTest/src/main/java/com/android/media/benchmark/library/Decoder.java
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
     private boolean mRender = false;
     private ArrayList<BufferInfo> mInputBufferInfo;
     private Stats mStats;
+    private String mMime;
 
     private boolean mSawInputEOS;
     private boolean mSawOutputEOS;
@@ -107,14 +108,14 @@
     }
 
     private MediaCodec createCodec(String codecName, MediaFormat format) throws IOException {
-        String mime = format.getString(MediaFormat.KEY_MIME);
+        mMime = format.getString(MediaFormat.KEY_MIME);
         try {
             MediaCodec codec;
             if (codecName.isEmpty()) {
-                Log.i(TAG, "File mime type: " + mime);
-                if (mime != null) {
-                    codec = MediaCodec.createDecoderByType(mime);
-                    Log.i(TAG, "Decoder created for mime type " + mime);
+                Log.i(TAG, "File mime type: " + mMime);
+                if (mMime != null) {
+                    codec = MediaCodec.createDecoderByType(mMime);
+                    Log.i(TAG, "Decoder created for mime type " + mMime);
                     return codec;
                 } else {
                     Log.e(TAG, "Mime type is null, please specify a mime type to create decoder");
@@ -122,12 +123,12 @@
                 }
             } else {
                 codec = MediaCodec.createByCodecName(codecName);
-                Log.i(TAG, "Decoder created with codec name: " + codecName + " mime: " + mime);
+                Log.i(TAG, "Decoder created with codec name: " + codecName + " mime: " + mMime);
                 return codec;
             }
         } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
             ex.printStackTrace();
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to create decoder for " + codecName + " mime:" + mime);
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to create decoder for " + codecName + " mime:" + mMime);
             return null;
         }
     }
@@ -167,6 +168,7 @@
         }
         if (mFrameReleaseQueue != null) {
             mFrameReleaseQueue.setMediaCodec(mCodec);
+            mFrameReleaseQueue.setMime(mMime);
         }
         if (asyncMode) {
             mCodec.setCallback(new MediaCodec.Callback() {
@@ -322,7 +324,7 @@
             ByteBuffer inputCodecBuffer = mediaCodec.getInputBuffer(inputBufferId);
             BufferInfo bufInfo;
             if (mNumInFramesProvided >= mNumInFramesRequired) {
-                Log.i(TAG, "Input frame limit reached");
+                Log.i(TAG, "Input frame limit reached provided: " + mNumInFramesProvided);
                 mIndex = mInputBufferInfo.size() - 1;
                 bufInfo = mInputBufferInfo.get(mIndex);
                 if ((bufInfo.flags & MediaCodec.BUFFER_FLAG_END_OF_STREAM) == 0) {
diff --git a/media/tests/benchmark/MediaBenchmarkTest/src/main/java/com/android/media/benchmark/library/FrameReleaseQueue.java b/media/tests/benchmark/MediaBenchmarkTest/src/main/java/com/android/media/benchmark/library/FrameReleaseQueue.java
index 84554d3..90731ed 100644
--- a/media/tests/benchmark/MediaBenchmarkTest/src/main/java/com/android/media/benchmark/library/FrameReleaseQueue.java
+++ b/media/tests/benchmark/MediaBenchmarkTest/src/main/java/com/android/media/benchmark/library/FrameReleaseQueue.java
@@ -21,20 +21,32 @@
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
 public class FrameReleaseQueue {
     private static final String TAG = "FrameReleaseQueue";
+    private final String MIME_AV1 = "video/av01";
+    private final int AV1_SUPERFRAME_DELAY = 6;
+    private final int THRESHOLD_TIME = 5;
 
     private MediaCodec mCodec;
     private LinkedBlockingQueue<FrameInfo> mFrameInfoQueue;
     private ReleaseThread mReleaseThread;
-    private boolean doFrameRelease = false;
+    private AtomicBoolean doFrameRelease = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+    private boolean mReleaseJobStarted = false;
     private boolean mRender = false;
     private int mWaitTime = 40; // milliseconds per frame
     private int mWaitTimeCorrection = 0;
     private int mCorrectionLoopCount;
     private int firstReleaseTime = -1;
-    private int THRESHOLD_TIME = 5;
+    private int mAllowedDelayTime = THRESHOLD_TIME;
+    private int mFrameDelay = 0;
+    private final ScheduledExecutorService mScheduler = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
+
 
     private static class FrameInfo {
         private int number;
@@ -48,60 +60,69 @@
     }
 
     private class ReleaseThread extends Thread {
+        private int mLoopCount = 0;
+        private int mNextReleaseTime = 0;
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("FutureReturnValueIgnored")
         public void run() {
-            int nextReleaseTime = 0;
-            int loopCount = 0;
-            while (doFrameRelease || mFrameInfoQueue.size() > 0) {
+            /* Check if the release thread wakes up too late */
+            if (mLoopCount != 0) {
+                int delta = getCurSysTime() - mNextReleaseTime;
+                if (delta >= THRESHOLD_TIME) {
+                    Log.d(TAG, "Release thread wake up late by " + delta);
+                    /* For accidental late wake up, we should relax the timestamp
+                       check for display time */
+                    mAllowedDelayTime = 1 + delta;
+                } else {
+                    mAllowedDelayTime = THRESHOLD_TIME;
+                }
+            }
+            if (doFrameRelease.get() || mFrameInfoQueue.size() > 0) {
                 FrameInfo curFrameInfo = mFrameInfoQueue.peek();
                 if (curFrameInfo == null) {
-                    nextReleaseTime += mWaitTime;
+                    mNextReleaseTime += mWaitTime;
                 } else {
-                    if (curFrameInfo.displayTime == 0) {
+                    if (firstReleaseTime == -1 || curFrameInfo.displayTime <= 0) {
                         // first frame of loop
                         firstReleaseTime = getCurSysTime();
-                        nextReleaseTime = firstReleaseTime + mWaitTime;
-                        popAndRelease(curFrameInfo, true);
-                    } else if (!doFrameRelease && mFrameInfoQueue.size() == 1) {
+                        mNextReleaseTime = firstReleaseTime + mWaitTime;
+                        popAndRelease(true);
+                    } else if (!doFrameRelease.get() && mFrameInfoQueue.size() == 1) {
                         // EOS
                         Log.i(TAG, "EOS");
-                        popAndRelease(curFrameInfo, false);
+                        popAndRelease(false);
                     } else {
-                        nextReleaseTime += mWaitTime;
+                        mNextReleaseTime += mWaitTime;
                         int curSysTime = getCurSysTime();
                         int curMediaTime = curSysTime - firstReleaseTime;
                         while (curFrameInfo != null && curFrameInfo.displayTime > 0 &&
                                 curFrameInfo.displayTime <= curMediaTime) {
-                            if (!((curMediaTime - curFrameInfo.displayTime) < THRESHOLD_TIME)) {
+                            if (!((curMediaTime - curFrameInfo.displayTime) <= mAllowedDelayTime)) {
                                 Log.d(TAG, "Dropping expired frame " + curFrameInfo.number +
                                     " display time " + curFrameInfo.displayTime +
                                     " current time " + curMediaTime);
-                                popAndRelease(curFrameInfo, false);
+                                popAndRelease(false);
                             } else {
-                                popAndRelease(curFrameInfo, true);
+                                popAndRelease(true);
                             }
                             curFrameInfo = mFrameInfoQueue.peek();
                         }
                         if (curFrameInfo != null && curFrameInfo.displayTime > curMediaTime) {
                             if ((curFrameInfo.displayTime - curMediaTime) < THRESHOLD_TIME) {
-                                popAndRelease(curFrameInfo, true);
+                                // release the frame now as we are already there
+                                popAndRelease(true);
                             }
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                int sleepTime = nextReleaseTime - getCurSysTime();
-                if (sleepTime > 0) {
-                    try {
-                        mReleaseThread.sleep(sleepTime);
-                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-                        Log.e(TAG, "Threw InterruptedException on sleep");
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    Log.d(TAG, "Thread sleep time less than 1");
+
+                long sleepTime = (long)(mNextReleaseTime - getCurSysTime());
+                mScheduler.schedule(mReleaseThread, sleepTime, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+
+                if (mLoopCount % mCorrectionLoopCount == 0) {
+                    mNextReleaseTime += mWaitTimeCorrection;
                 }
-                if (loopCount % mCorrectionLoopCount == 0) {
-                    nextReleaseTime += mWaitTimeCorrection;
-                }
-                loopCount += 1;
+                mLoopCount += 1;
             }
         }
     }
@@ -109,7 +130,7 @@
     public FrameReleaseQueue(boolean render, int frameRate) {
         this.mFrameInfoQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue();
         this.mReleaseThread = new ReleaseThread();
-        this.doFrameRelease = true;
+        this.doFrameRelease.set(true);
         this.mRender = render;
         this.mWaitTime = 1000 / frameRate; // wait time in milliseconds per frame
         int waitTimeRemainder = 1000 % frameRate;
@@ -127,6 +148,12 @@
         this.mCodec = mediaCodec;
     }
 
+    public void setMime(String mime) {
+        if (mime.equals(MIME_AV1)) {
+            mFrameDelay = AV1_SUPERFRAME_DELAY;
+        }
+    }
+
     public boolean pushFrame(int frameNumber, int frameBufferId, long frameDisplayTime) {
         int frameDisplayTimeMs = (int)(frameDisplayTime/1000);
         FrameInfo curFrameInfo = new FrameInfo(frameNumber, frameBufferId, frameDisplayTimeMs);
@@ -135,8 +162,10 @@
             Log.e(TAG, "Failed to push frame with buffer id " + curFrameInfo.bufferId);
             return false;
         }
-        if (!mReleaseThread.isAlive()) {
-            mReleaseThread.start();
+
+        if (!mReleaseJobStarted && frameNumber >= mFrameDelay) {
+            mScheduler.execute(mReleaseThread);
+            mReleaseJobStarted = true;
             Log.i(TAG, "Started frame release thread");
         }
         return true;
@@ -146,29 +175,33 @@
         return (int)(System.nanoTime()/1000000);
     }
 
-    private void popAndRelease(FrameInfo curFrameInfo, boolean renderThisFrame) {
+    @SuppressWarnings("FutureReturnValueIgnored")
+    private void popAndRelease(boolean renderThisFrame) {
+        final boolean actualRender = (renderThisFrame && mRender);
         try {
-            curFrameInfo = mFrameInfoQueue.take();
+            final FrameInfo curFrameInfo = mFrameInfoQueue.take();
+
+            CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
+                try {
+                    mCodec.releaseOutputBuffer(curFrameInfo.bufferId, actualRender);
+                } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+                    e.printStackTrace();
+                }
+            });
+
         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Threw InterruptedException on take");
         }
-        boolean actualRender = (renderThisFrame && mRender);
-        try {
-            mCodec.releaseOutputBuffer(curFrameInfo.bufferId, actualRender);
-        } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG,
-                    "Threw IllegalStateException on releaseOutputBuffer for frame "
-                            + curFrameInfo.number);
-        }
     }
 
     public void stopFrameRelease() {
-        doFrameRelease = false;
-        try {
-            mReleaseThread.join();
-            Log.i(TAG, "Joined frame release thread");
-        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Threw InterruptedException on thread join");
+        doFrameRelease.set(false);
+        while (mFrameInfoQueue.size() > 0) {
+            try {
+                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Threw InterruptedException on sleep");
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/media/utils/Android.bp b/media/utils/Android.bp
index 7abb0b6..5b7319a 100644
--- a/media/utils/Android.bp
+++ b/media/utils/Android.bp
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@
         "libprocessinfoservice_aidl",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
+        "com.android.media.audio-aconfig-cc",
         "libaudioclient_aidl_conversion",
         "libaudioutils", // for clock.h, Statistics.h
         "libbase",
@@ -179,3 +180,8 @@
     local_include_dirs: ["include"],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
 }
+
+cc_library_headers {
+    name: "mediautils_headers",
+    export_include_dirs: ["include", "."],
+}
diff --git a/media/utils/SchedulingPolicyService.cpp b/media/utils/SchedulingPolicyService.cpp
index 6e515ff..62c3f81 100644
--- a/media/utils/SchedulingPolicyService.cpp
+++ b/media/utils/SchedulingPolicyService.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "SchedulingPolicyService"
 //#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
 
+#include <audio_utils/threads.h>
 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <cutils/android_filesystem_config.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include <utils/Mutex.h>
 #include "ISchedulingPolicyService.h"
@@ -31,6 +33,15 @@
 
 int requestPriority(pid_t pid, pid_t tid, int32_t prio, bool isForApp, bool asynchronous)
 {
+    // audioserver thread priority boosted internally to reduce binder latency and boot time.
+    if (!isForApp && pid == getpid() && getuid() == AID_AUDIOSERVER && prio >= 1 && prio <= 3) {
+        const status_t status = audio_utils::set_thread_priority(
+                tid, audio_utils::rtprio_to_unified_priority(prio));
+        if (status == NO_ERROR) return NO_ERROR;
+        ALOGD("%s: set priority %d, status:%d needs to fallback to SchedulingPolicyService",
+                __func__, prio, status);
+    }
+
     // FIXME merge duplicated code related to service lookup, caching, and error recovery
     int ret;
     for (;;) {
diff --git a/media/utils/ServiceUtilities.cpp b/media/utils/ServiceUtilities.cpp
index eef460f..2946398 100644
--- a/media/utils/ServiceUtilities.cpp
+++ b/media/utils/ServiceUtilities.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <media/AidlConversionUtil.h>
 #include <android/content/AttributionSourceState.h>
 
+#include <com_android_media_audio.h>
 #include <iterator>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <pwd.h>
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@
 static const String16 sModifyPhoneState("android.permission.MODIFY_PHONE_STATE");
 static const String16 sModifyAudioRouting("android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_ROUTING");
 static const String16 sCallAudioInterception("android.permission.CALL_AUDIO_INTERCEPTION");
+static const String16 sAndroidPermissionBluetoothConnect("android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT");
 
 static String16 resolveCallingPackage(PermissionController& permissionController,
         const std::optional<String16> opPackageName, uid_t uid) {
@@ -374,6 +376,52 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Determines if the MAC address in Bluetooth device descriptors returned by APIs of
+ * a native audio service (audio flinger, audio policy) must be anonymized.
+ * MAC addresses returned to system server or apps with BLUETOOTH_CONNECT permission
+ * are not anonymized.
+ *
+ * @param attributionSource The attribution source of the calling app.
+ * @param caller string identifying the caller for logging.
+ * @return true if the MAC addresses must be anonymized, false otherwise.
+ */
+bool mustAnonymizeBluetoothAddress(
+        const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource, const String16& caller) {
+    if (!com::android::media::audio::bluetooth_mac_address_anonymization()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    uid_t uid = VALUE_OR_FATAL(aidl2legacy_int32_t_uid_t(attributionSource.uid));
+    if (isAudioServerOrSystemServerUid(uid)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    const std::optional<AttributionSourceState> resolvedAttributionSource =
+            resolveAttributionSource(attributionSource);
+    if (!resolvedAttributionSource.has_value()) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    permission::PermissionChecker permissionChecker;
+    return permissionChecker.checkPermissionForPreflightFromDatasource(
+            sAndroidPermissionBluetoothConnect, resolvedAttributionSource.value(), caller,
+            AppOpsManager::OP_BLUETOOTH_CONNECT)
+                != permission::PermissionChecker::PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Modifies the passed MAC address string in place for consumption by unprivileged clients.
+ * the string is assumed to have a valid MAC address format.
+ * the anonymzation must be kept in sync with toAnonymizedAddress() in BluetoothUtils.java
+ *
+ * @param address input/output the char string contining the MAC address to anonymize.
+ */
+void anonymizeBluetoothAddress(char *address) {
+    if (address == nullptr || strlen(address) != strlen("AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF")) {
+        return;
+    }
+    memcpy(address, "XX:XX:XX:XX", strlen("XX:XX:XX:XX"));
+}
+
 sp<content::pm::IPackageManagerNative> MediaPackageManager::retrievePackageManager() {
     const sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
     if (sm == nullptr) {
diff --git a/media/utils/TimeCheck.cpp b/media/utils/TimeCheck.cpp
index a5378e6..ec68de7 100644
--- a/media/utils/TimeCheck.cpp
+++ b/media/utils/TimeCheck.cpp
@@ -287,6 +287,11 @@
             .append(halPids).append("\n")
             .append(snapshotAnalysis.toString());
 
+    // In many cases, the initial timeout stack differs from the abort backtrace because
+    // (1) the time difference between initial timeout and the final abort signal
+    // and (2) signalling the HAL audio service may cause
+    // the thread to unblock and continue.
+
     // Note: LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL limits the size of the string - per log/log.h:
     // Log message text may be truncated to less than an
     // implementation-specific limit (1023 bytes).
diff --git a/media/utils/TimerThread.cpp b/media/utils/TimerThread.cpp
index 25852e4..1c94691 100644
--- a/media/utils/TimerThread.cpp
+++ b/media/utils/TimerThread.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <audio_utils/mutex.h>
 #include <mediautils/MediaUtilsDelayed.h>
 #include <mediautils/TidWrapper.h>
 #include <mediautils/TimerThread.h>
@@ -59,14 +60,14 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-
-std::string TimerThread::SnapshotAnalysis::toString() const {
+std::string TimerThread::SnapshotAnalysis::toString(bool showTimeoutStack) const {
     // Note: These request queues are snapshot very close together but
     // not at "identical" times as we don't use a class-wide lock.
     std::string analysisSummary = std::string("\nanalysis [ ").append(description).append(" ]");
     std::string timeoutStack;
     std::string blockedStack;
-    if (timeoutTid != -1) {
+    std::string mutexWaitChainStack;
+    if (showTimeoutStack && timeoutTid != -1) {
         timeoutStack = std::string(suspectTid == timeoutTid ? "\ntimeout/blocked(" : "\ntimeout(")
                 .append(std::to_string(timeoutTid)).append(") callstack [\n")
                 .append(getCallStackStringForTid(timeoutTid)).append("]");
@@ -78,6 +79,29 @@
                 .append(getCallStackStringForTid(suspectTid)).append("]");
     }
 
+    if (!mutexWaitChain.empty()) {
+        mutexWaitChainStack.append("\nmutex wait chain [\n");
+        // the wait chain omits the initial timeout tid (which is good as we don't
+        // need to suppress it).
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < mutexWaitChain.size(); ++i) {
+            const auto& [tid, name] = mutexWaitChain[i];
+            mutexWaitChainStack.append("{ tid: ").append(std::to_string(tid))
+                    .append(" (holding ").append(name).append(")");
+            if (tid == timeoutTid) {
+                mutexWaitChainStack.append(" TIMEOUT_STACK }\n");
+            } else if (tid == suspectTid) {
+                mutexWaitChainStack.append(" BLOCKED_STACK }\n");
+            } else if (hasMutexCycle && i == mutexWaitChain.size() - 1) {
+                // for a cycle, the last pid in the chain is repeated.
+                mutexWaitChainStack.append(" CYCLE_STACK }\n");
+            } else {
+                mutexWaitChainStack.append(" callstack [\n")
+                        .append(getCallStackStringForTid(tid)).append("] }\n");
+            }
+        }
+        mutexWaitChainStack.append("]");
+    }
+
     return std::string("now ")
             .append(formatTime(std::chrono::system_clock::now()))
             .append("\nsecondChanceCount ")
@@ -91,7 +115,8 @@
             .append(requestsToString(retiredRequests))
             .append(" ]")
             .append(timeoutStack)
-            .append(blockedStack);
+            .append(blockedStack)
+            .append(mutexWaitChainStack);
 }
 
 // A HAL method is where the substring "Hidl" is in the class name.
@@ -126,13 +151,33 @@
     analysis.pendingRequests = getPendingRequests();
     analysis.secondChanceCount = mMonitorThread.getSecondChanceCount();
     // No call has timed out, so there is no analysis to be done.
-    if (analysis.timeoutRequests.empty())
+    if (analysis.timeoutRequests.empty()) {
         return analysis;
+    }
+
     // for now look at last timeout (in our case, the only timeout)
     const std::shared_ptr<const Request> timeout = analysis.timeoutRequests.back();
     analysis.timeoutTid = timeout->tid;
-    if (analysis.pendingRequests.empty())
-      return analysis;
+
+    std::string& description = analysis.description;
+
+    // audio mutex specific wait chain analysis
+    auto deadlockInfo = audio_utils::mutex::deadlock_detection(analysis.timeoutTid);
+    ALOGD("%s: deadlockInfo: %s", __func__, deadlockInfo.to_string().c_str());
+
+    if (!deadlockInfo.empty()) {
+        if (!description.empty()) description.append("\n");
+        description.append(deadlockInfo.to_string());
+    }
+
+    analysis.hasMutexCycle = deadlockInfo.has_cycle;
+    analysis.mutexWaitChain = std::move(deadlockInfo.chain);
+
+    // no pending requests, we don't attempt to use temporal correlation between a recent call.
+    if (analysis.pendingRequests.empty()) {
+        return analysis;
+    }
+
     // pending Requests that are problematic.
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const Request>> pendingExact;
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const Request>> pendingPossible;
@@ -156,15 +201,15 @@
         }
     }
 
-    std::string& description = analysis.description;
     if (!pendingExact.empty()) {
         const auto& request = pendingExact.front();
         const bool hal = isRequestFromHal(request);
 
         if (hal) {
-            description = std::string("Blocked directly due to HAL call: ")
+            if (!description.empty()) description.append("\n");
+            description.append("Blocked directly due to HAL call: ")
                 .append(request->toString());
-            analysis.suspectTid= request->tid;
+            analysis.suspectTid = request->tid;
         }
     }
     if (description.empty() && !pendingPossible.empty()) {
diff --git a/media/utils/include/mediautils/ServiceUtilities.h b/media/utils/include/mediautils/ServiceUtilities.h
index 3d7981a..0b3a3f9 100644
--- a/media/utils/include/mediautils/ServiceUtilities.h
+++ b/media/utils/include/mediautils/ServiceUtilities.h
@@ -108,6 +108,10 @@
 bool bypassInterruptionPolicyAllowed(const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource);
 bool callAudioInterceptionAllowed(const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource);
 void purgePermissionCache();
+bool mustAnonymizeBluetoothAddress(
+        const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource, const String16& caller);
+void anonymizeBluetoothAddress(char *address);
+
 int32_t getOpForSource(audio_source_t source);
 
 AttributionSourceState getCallingAttributionSource();
diff --git a/media/utils/include/mediautils/SharedMemoryAllocator.h b/media/utils/include/mediautils/SharedMemoryAllocator.h
index 79621e2..4243b9c 100644
--- a/media/utils/include/mediautils/SharedMemoryAllocator.h
+++ b/media/utils/include/mediautils/SharedMemoryAllocator.h
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@
 template <typename Allocator>
 class ScopedAllocator {
   public:
-    static constexpr size_t alignment() { return Allocator::alignment(); }
+    static size_t alignment() { return Allocator::alignment(); }
 
     explicit ScopedAllocator(const std::shared_ptr<Allocator>& allocator) : mAllocator(allocator) {}
 
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@
 template <typename Allocator, typename Policy>
 class PolicyAllocator {
   public:
-    static constexpr size_t alignment() { return Allocator::alignment(); }
+    static size_t alignment() { return Allocator::alignment(); }
 
     PolicyAllocator(Allocator allocator, Policy policy)
         : mAllocator(allocator), mPolicy(std::move(policy)) {}
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@
         std::string name;
         size_t allocation_number;
     };
-    static constexpr size_t alignment() { return Allocator::alignment(); }
+    static size_t alignment() { return Allocator::alignment(); }
 
     SnoopingAllocator(Allocator allocator, std::string_view name)
         : mName(name), mAllocator(std::move(allocator)) {}
@@ -362,16 +362,19 @@
 template <class PrimaryAllocator, class SecondaryAllocator>
 class FallbackAllocator {
   public:
-    static_assert(PrimaryAllocator::alignment() == SecondaryAllocator::alignment());
     static_assert(shared_allocator_impl::has_owns<PrimaryAllocator>);
 
-    static constexpr size_t alignment() { return PrimaryAllocator::alignment(); }
+    static size_t alignment() { return PrimaryAllocator::alignment(); }
 
     FallbackAllocator(const PrimaryAllocator& primary, const SecondaryAllocator& secondary)
-        : mPrimary(primary), mSecondary(secondary) {}
+        : mPrimary(primary), mSecondary(secondary) {
+      verify_alignment();
+    }
 
     // Default construct primary and secondary allocator
-    FallbackAllocator() = default;
+    FallbackAllocator() {
+      verify_alignment();
+    }
 
     template <typename T>
     AllocationType allocate(T&& request) {
@@ -414,6 +417,10 @@
     }
 
   private:
+    void verify_alignment() {
+      LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(PrimaryAllocator::alignment() != SecondaryAllocator::alignment(),
+                          "PrimaryAllocator::alignment() != SecondaryAllocator::alignment()");
+    }
     [[no_unique_address]] PrimaryAllocator mPrimary;
     [[no_unique_address]] SecondaryAllocator mSecondary;
 };
@@ -423,7 +430,7 @@
 template <typename Allocator>
 class IndirectAllocator {
   public:
-    static constexpr size_t alignment() { return Allocator::alignment(); }
+    static size_t alignment() { return Allocator::alignment(); }
 
     explicit IndirectAllocator(const std::shared_ptr<Allocator>& allocator)
         : mAllocator(allocator) {}
@@ -449,7 +456,7 @@
 // a shared memory mapped anonymous file) as allocations.
 class MemoryHeapBaseAllocator {
   public:
-    static constexpr size_t alignment() { return 4096; /* PAGE_SIZE */ }
+    static size_t alignment() { return kPageSize; }
     static constexpr unsigned FLAGS = 0;  // default flags
 
     template <typename T>
@@ -475,5 +482,7 @@
         // allocated by us, the underlying IMemoryHeap was a MemoryHeapBase
         static_cast<MemoryHeapBase&>(*heap).dispose();
     }
+  private:
+    static inline const size_t kPageSize = getpagesize();
 };
 }  // namespace android::mediautils
diff --git a/media/utils/include/mediautils/TimerThread.h b/media/utils/include/mediautils/TimerThread.h
index d84d682..320567b 100644
--- a/media/utils/include/mediautils/TimerThread.h
+++ b/media/utils/include/mediautils/TimerThread.h
@@ -269,9 +269,12 @@
         std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const Request>> timeoutRequests;
         // List of retired requests
         std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const Request>> retiredRequests;
+        // mutex deadlock / wait detection information.
+        bool hasMutexCycle = false;
+        std::vector<std::pair<pid_t, std::string>> mutexWaitChain;
         // Dumps the information contained above as well as additional call
         // stacks where applicable.
-        std::string toString() const;
+        std::string toString(bool showTimeoutStack = true) const;
     };
 
   private:
diff --git a/media/utils/tests/Android.bp b/media/utils/tests/Android.bp
index 0689083..3fdc6eb 100644
--- a/media/utils/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/media/utils/tests/Android.bp
@@ -200,7 +200,10 @@
     name: "timerthread_tests",
 
     defaults: ["libmediautils_tests_defaults"],
-
+    // TODO(b/270180838)
+    test_options: {
+        unit_test: false,
+    },
     srcs: [
         "TimerThread-test.cpp",
     ],
diff --git a/media/utils/tests/shared_memory_allocator_tests.cpp b/media/utils/tests/shared_memory_allocator_tests.cpp
index 11bc72a..c164cbd 100644
--- a/media/utils/tests/shared_memory_allocator_tests.cpp
+++ b/media/utils/tests/shared_memory_allocator_tests.cpp
@@ -19,21 +19,25 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <mediautils/SharedMemoryAllocator.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 
 using namespace android;
 using namespace android::mediautils;
 
 namespace {
+const size_t kPageSize = getpagesize();
+constexpr size_t kMaxPageSize = 65536;  // arm64 supports 4k, 16k and 64k pages
+
 void validate_block(const AllocationType& block) {
     ASSERT_TRUE(block != nullptr);
-    memset(block->unsecurePointer(), 10, 4096);
+    memset(block->unsecurePointer(), 10, kPageSize);
     EXPECT_EQ(*(static_cast<char*>(block->unsecurePointer()) + 100), static_cast<char>(10));
 }
 
 template <size_t N = 0, bool FatalOwn = true>
 struct ValidateForwarding {
-    static constexpr size_t alignment() { return 1337; }
+    static size_t alignment() { return 1337; }
 
     bool owns(const AllocationType& allocation) const {
         if (allocation == owned) return true;
@@ -48,9 +52,9 @@
 
     static inline size_t deallocate_all_count = 0;
     static inline const AllocationType owned =
-            MemoryHeapBaseAllocator().allocate(BasicAllocRequest{4096});
+            MemoryHeapBaseAllocator().allocate(BasicAllocRequest{kMaxPageSize});
     static inline const AllocationType not_owned =
-            MemoryHeapBaseAllocator().allocate(BasicAllocRequest{4096});
+            MemoryHeapBaseAllocator().allocate(BasicAllocRequest{kMaxPageSize});
     static inline const std::string dump_string = std::to_string(N) + "Test Dump Forwarding";
 };
 
@@ -64,17 +68,14 @@
         shared_allocator_impl::has_deallocate_all<SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator>> ==
         true);
 static_assert(
-        shared_allocator_impl::has_owns<
-                PolicyAllocator<SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator>, SizePolicy<4096>>> ==
-        true);
+        shared_allocator_impl::has_owns<PolicyAllocator<SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator>,
+                                                        SizePolicy<kMaxPageSize>>> == true);
 static_assert(
-        shared_allocator_impl::has_dump<
-                PolicyAllocator<SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator>, SizePolicy<4096>>> ==
-        true);
-static_assert(
-        shared_allocator_impl::has_deallocate_all<
-                PolicyAllocator<SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator>, SizePolicy<4096>>> ==
-        true);
+        shared_allocator_impl::has_dump<PolicyAllocator<SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator>,
+                                                        SizePolicy<kMaxPageSize>>> == true);
+static_assert(shared_allocator_impl::has_deallocate_all<PolicyAllocator<
+                      SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator>, SizePolicy<kMaxPageSize>>> ==
+              true);
 static_assert(shared_allocator_impl::has_owns<
                       FallbackAllocator<SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator>,
                                         SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator>>> == true);
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@
     const auto memory = allocator.allocate(BasicAllocRequest{500});
     ASSERT_TRUE(memory != nullptr);
     const auto fd = dup(memory->getMemory()->getHeapID());
-    EXPECT_EQ(memory->size(), static_cast<unsigned>(4096));
+    EXPECT_EQ(memory->size(), static_cast<unsigned>(kPageSize));
     EXPECT_EQ(memory->size(), memory->getMemory()->getSize());
     validate_block(memory);
     allocator.deallocate(memory);
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(shared_memory_allocator_tests, mheapbase_allocator_independence) {
-    static_assert(MemoryHeapBaseAllocator::alignment() == 4096);
+    ASSERT_EQ(MemoryHeapBaseAllocator::alignment(), kPageSize);
     MemoryHeapBaseAllocator allocator;
     const auto first_memory = allocator.allocate(BasicAllocRequest{500});
     const auto second_memory = allocator.allocate(BasicAllocRequest{500});
@@ -120,8 +121,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST(shared_memory_allocator_tests, snooping_allocator) {
-    static_assert(SnoopingAllocator<ValidateForwarding<0>>::alignment() ==
-                  ValidateForwarding<0>::alignment());
+    ASSERT_EQ(SnoopingAllocator<ValidateForwarding<0>>::alignment(),
+              ValidateForwarding<0>::alignment());
 
     SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator> allocator{"allocator"};
     const auto first_memory = allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{500}, "allocate_1"});
@@ -165,29 +166,29 @@
 // TODO generic policy test
 TEST(shared_memory_allocator_tests, size_policy_allocator_enforcement) {
     PolicyAllocator allocator{MemoryHeapBaseAllocator{},
-                              SizePolicy<4096 * 7, 4096 * 2, 4096 * 4>{}};
+                              SizePolicy<kMaxPageSize * 7, kMaxPageSize * 2, kMaxPageSize * 4>{}};
     // Violate max size
-    EXPECT_TRUE(allocator.allocate(BasicAllocRequest{4096 * 5}) == nullptr);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(allocator.allocate(BasicAllocRequest{kMaxPageSize * 5}) == nullptr);
     // Violate min alloc size
-    EXPECT_TRUE(allocator.allocate(BasicAllocRequest{4096}) == nullptr);
-    const auto first_memory = allocator.allocate(BasicAllocRequest{4096 * 4});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(allocator.allocate(BasicAllocRequest{kMaxPageSize}) == nullptr);
+    const auto first_memory = allocator.allocate(BasicAllocRequest{kMaxPageSize * 4});
     validate_block(first_memory);
     // Violate pool size
-    EXPECT_TRUE(allocator.allocate(BasicAllocRequest{4096 * 4}) == nullptr);
-    const auto second_memory = allocator.allocate(BasicAllocRequest{4096 * 3});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(allocator.allocate(BasicAllocRequest{kMaxPageSize * 4}) == nullptr);
+    const auto second_memory = allocator.allocate(BasicAllocRequest{kMaxPageSize * 3});
     validate_block(second_memory);
     allocator.deallocate(second_memory);
     // Check pool size update after deallocation
-    const auto new_second_memory = allocator.allocate(BasicAllocRequest{4096 * 2});
+    const auto new_second_memory = allocator.allocate(BasicAllocRequest{kMaxPageSize * 2});
     validate_block(new_second_memory);
 }
 
 TEST(shared_memory_allocator_tests, indirect_allocator) {
-    static_assert(IndirectAllocator<ValidateForwarding<0>>::alignment() ==
-                  ValidateForwarding<0>::alignment());
+    ASSERT_EQ(IndirectAllocator<ValidateForwarding<0>>::alignment(),
+              ValidateForwarding<0>::alignment());
     const auto allocator_handle = std::make_shared<SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator>>();
     IndirectAllocator allocator{allocator_handle};
-    const auto memory = allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{4096}, "allocation"});
+    const auto memory = allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{kPageSize}, "allocation"});
     EXPECT_TRUE(allocator_handle->owns(memory));
     EXPECT_TRUE(allocator_handle->getAllocations().size() == 1);
     allocator.deallocate(memory);
@@ -199,35 +200,37 @@
     // Test appropriate forwarding of allocator, deallocate
     const auto primary_allocator =
             std::make_shared<SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator>>("allocator");
-    PolicyAllocator allocator{IndirectAllocator(primary_allocator), SizePolicy<4096>{}};
-    const auto memory = allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{4096}, "allocation"});
+    PolicyAllocator allocator{IndirectAllocator(primary_allocator), SizePolicy<kMaxPageSize>{}};
+    const auto memory = allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{kPageSize}, "allocation"});
     EXPECT_TRUE(primary_allocator->owns(memory));
     const auto& allocations = primary_allocator->getAllocations();
     EXPECT_TRUE(allocations.size() == 1);
     allocator.deallocate(memory);
     EXPECT_TRUE(allocations.size() == 0);
-    const auto memory2 = allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{4096}, "allocation_2"});
+    const auto memory2 = allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{kPageSize}, "allocation_2"});
     EXPECT_TRUE(allocations.size() == 1);
     EXPECT_TRUE(primary_allocator->owns(memory2));
     allocator.deallocate(memory2);
     EXPECT_FALSE(primary_allocator->owns(memory2));
     EXPECT_TRUE(allocations.size() == 0);
     // Test appropriate forwarding of own, dump, alignment, deallocate_all
-    PolicyAllocator allocator2{ValidateForwarding<0>{}, SizePolicy<4096>{}};
+    PolicyAllocator allocator2{ValidateForwarding<0>{}, SizePolicy<kMaxPageSize>{}};
     EXPECT_TRUE(allocator2.owns(ValidateForwarding<0>::owned));
     EXPECT_FALSE(allocator2.owns(ValidateForwarding<0>::not_owned));
     EXPECT_TRUE(allocator2.dump().find(ValidateForwarding<0>::dump_string) != std::string::npos);
-    static_assert(decltype(allocator2)::alignment() == ValidateForwarding<0>::alignment());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decltype(allocator2)::alignment(), ValidateForwarding<0>::alignment());
     size_t prev = ValidateForwarding<0>::deallocate_all_count;
     allocator2.deallocate_all();
     EXPECT_EQ(ValidateForwarding<0>::deallocate_all_count, prev + 1);
 }
 
 TEST(shared_memory_allocator_tests, snooping_allocator_nullptr) {
-    SnoopingAllocator allocator{PolicyAllocator{MemoryHeapBaseAllocator{}, SizePolicy<4096 * 2>{}}};
-    const auto memory = allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{3000}, "allocation_1"});
+    SnoopingAllocator allocator{
+            PolicyAllocator{MemoryHeapBaseAllocator{}, SizePolicy<kMaxPageSize * 2>{}}};
+    const auto memory = allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{kMaxPageSize}, "allocation_1"});
     validate_block(memory);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{5000}, "allocation_2"}) == nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{kMaxPageSize * 3}, "allocation_2"}) ==
+                nullptr);
     const auto& allocations = allocator.getAllocations();
     EXPECT_EQ(allocations.size(), 1ul);
     for (const auto& [key, val] : allocations) {
@@ -240,23 +243,26 @@
 TEST(shared_memory_allocator_tests, fallback_allocator) {
     // Construct Fallback Allocator
     const auto primary_allocator = std::make_shared<
-            SnoopingAllocator<PolicyAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator, SizePolicy<4096>>>>(
-            PolicyAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator, SizePolicy<4096>>{}, "primary_allocator");
+            SnoopingAllocator<PolicyAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator, SizePolicy<kMaxPageSize>>>>(
+            PolicyAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator, SizePolicy<kMaxPageSize>>{},
+            "primary_allocator");
     const auto secondary_allocator =
             std::make_shared<SnoopingAllocator<MemoryHeapBaseAllocator>>("secondary_allocator");
 
     FallbackAllocator fallback_allocator{SnoopingAllocator{IndirectAllocator{primary_allocator}},
                                          SnoopingAllocator{IndirectAllocator{secondary_allocator}}};
-    static_assert(decltype(fallback_allocator)::alignment() == 4096);
+    ASSERT_EQ(decltype(fallback_allocator)::alignment(), kPageSize);
     // Basic Allocation Test
-    const auto memory = fallback_allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{3000}, "allocation_1"});
+    const auto memory =
+            fallback_allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{kMaxPageSize}, "allocation_1"});
     validate_block(memory);
     // Correct allocator selected
     EXPECT_TRUE(fallback_allocator.owns(memory));
     EXPECT_TRUE(primary_allocator->owns(memory));
     EXPECT_FALSE(secondary_allocator->owns(memory));
     // Test fallback allocation
-    const auto memory2 = fallback_allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{3000}, "allocation_2"});
+    const auto memory2 =
+            fallback_allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{kMaxPageSize}, "allocation_2"});
     validate_block(memory2);
     // Correct allocator selected
     EXPECT_TRUE(fallback_allocator.owns(memory2));
@@ -276,7 +282,8 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(primary_allocator->getAllocations().size() == 0ul);
     EXPECT_TRUE(secondary_allocator->getAllocations().size() == 1ul);
     // Appropriate fallback after deallocation
-    const auto memory3 = fallback_allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{3000}, "allocation_3"});
+    const auto memory3 =
+            fallback_allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{kMaxPageSize}, "allocation_3"});
     EXPECT_TRUE(fallback_allocator.owns(memory3));
     EXPECT_TRUE(primary_allocator->owns(memory3));
     EXPECT_FALSE(secondary_allocator->owns(memory3));
@@ -285,7 +292,8 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(secondary_allocator->getAllocations().size() == 1ul);
     fallback_allocator.deallocate(memory2);
     EXPECT_TRUE(secondary_allocator->getAllocations().size() == 0ul);
-    const auto memory4 = fallback_allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{3000}, "allocation_4"});
+    const auto memory4 =
+            fallback_allocator.allocate(NamedAllocRequest{{kMaxPageSize}, "allocation_4"});
     EXPECT_TRUE(fallback_allocator.owns(memory4));
     EXPECT_FALSE(primary_allocator->owns(memory4));
     EXPECT_TRUE(secondary_allocator->owns(memory4));
@@ -311,7 +319,7 @@
     EXPECT_FALSE(forward_test.owns(Alloc1::not_owned));
     EXPECT_FALSE(forward_test.owns(Alloc2::not_owned));
     // Test alignment forwarding
-    static_assert(FallbackAllocator<Alloc1, Alloc2>::alignment() == Alloc1::alignment());
+    ASSERT_EQ(decltype(forward_test)::alignment(), Alloc1::alignment());
     // Test deallocate_all forwarding
     size_t prev1 = Alloc1::deallocate_all_count;
     size_t prev2 = Alloc2::deallocate_all_count;
@@ -343,8 +351,8 @@
     }
     EXPECT_EQ(allocations.size(), 0ul);
     // Test forwarding
-    static_assert(ScopedAllocator<ValidateForwarding<0>>::alignment() ==
-                  ValidateForwarding<0>::alignment());
+    ASSERT_EQ(ScopedAllocator<ValidateForwarding<0>>::alignment(),
+              ValidateForwarding<0>::alignment());
     ScopedAllocator<ValidateForwarding<0>> forwarding{};
     EXPECT_EQ(forwarding.dump(), ValidateForwarding<0>::dump_string);
 }
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/Android.bp b/services/audioflinger/Android.bp
index 0c878c9..129541f 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/Android.bp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/Android.bp
@@ -138,7 +138,54 @@
     ],
 }
 
-cc_library_shared {
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "libaudioflinger_dependencies",
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "audioflinger-aidl-cpp",
+        "audioclient-types-aidl-cpp",
+        "av-types-aidl-cpp",
+        "com.android.media.audio-aconfig-cc",
+        "effect-aidl-cpp",
+        "libaudioclient_aidl_conversion",
+        "libactivitymanager_aidl",
+        "libaudioflinger_datapath",
+        "libaudioflinger_fastpath",
+        "libaudioflinger_timing",
+        "libaudioflinger_utils",
+        "libaudiofoundation",
+        "libaudiohal",
+        "libaudioprocessing",
+        "libaudioutils",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libutils",
+        "liblog",
+        "libbinder",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libaudioclient",
+        "libaudiomanager",
+        "libmediametrics",
+        "libmediautils",
+        "libnbaio",
+        "libnblog",
+        "libpermission",
+        "libpowermanager",
+        "libmemunreachable",
+        "libmedia_helper",
+        "libshmemcompat",
+        "libsounddose",
+        "libvibrator",
+        "packagemanager_aidl-cpp",
+    ],
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "libmedialogservice",
+        "libaudiospdif",
+    ],
+}
+
+
+cc_library {
     name: "libaudioflinger",
 
     defaults: [
@@ -146,6 +193,7 @@
         "latest_android_hardware_audio_core_sounddose_ndk_export_shared_lib_header",
         "latest_android_hardware_audio_core_sounddose_ndk_shared",
         "latest_android_media_audio_common_types_cpp_shared",
+        "libaudioflinger_dependencies",
     ],
 
     srcs: [
@@ -165,44 +213,6 @@
         "frameworks/av/services/medialog",
     ],
 
-    shared_libs: [
-        "audioflinger-aidl-cpp",
-        "audioclient-types-aidl-cpp",
-        "av-types-aidl-cpp",
-        "effect-aidl-cpp",
-        "libaudioclient_aidl_conversion",
-        "libactivitymanager_aidl",
-        "libaudioflinger_datapath",
-        "libaudioflinger_fastpath",
-        "libaudioflinger_timing",
-        "libaudioflinger_utils",
-        "libaudiofoundation",
-        "libaudiohal",
-        "libaudioprocessing",
-        "libaudiospdif",
-        "libaudioutils",
-        "libcutils",
-        "libutils",
-        "liblog",
-        "libbinder",
-        "libbinder_ndk",
-        "libaudioclient",
-        "libaudiomanager",
-        "libmedialogservice",
-        "libmediametrics",
-        "libmediautils",
-        "libnbaio",
-        "libnblog",
-        "libpermission",
-        "libpowermanager",
-        "libmemunreachable",
-        "libmedia_helper",
-        "libshmemcompat",
-        "libsounddose",
-        "libvibrator",
-        "packagemanager_aidl-cpp",
-    ],
-
     static_libs: [
         "libcpustats",
         "libpermission",
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.cpp b/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.cpp
index 403fb9e..bdbd4d6 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.cpp
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 #include <afutils/Permission.h>
 #include <afutils/PropertyUtils.h>
 #include <afutils/TypedLogger.h>
+#include <android-base/errors.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android/media/IAudioPolicyService.h>
 #include <audiomanager/IAudioManager.h>
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@
 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
 #include <binder/Parcel.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <com_android_media_audioserver.h>
 #include <media/AidlConversion.h>
 #include <media/AudioParameter.h>
 #include <media/AudioValidator.h>
@@ -210,6 +212,20 @@
     return methodStatistics;
 }
 
+namespace base {
+template <typename T>
+struct OkOrFail<std::optional<T>> {
+    using opt_t = std::optional<T>;
+    OkOrFail() = delete;
+    OkOrFail(const opt_t&) = delete;
+
+    static bool IsOk(const opt_t& opt) { return opt.has_value(); }
+    static T Unwrap(opt_t&& opt) { return std::move(opt.value()); }
+    static std::string ErrorMessage(const opt_t&) { return "Empty optional"; }
+    static void Fail(opt_t&&) {}
+};
+}
+
 class DevicesFactoryHalCallbackImpl : public DevicesFactoryHalCallback {
   public:
     void onNewDevicesAvailable() override {
@@ -295,7 +311,8 @@
     }
 
     mPatchPanel = IAfPatchPanel::create(sp<IAfPatchPanelCallback>::fromExisting(this));
-    mMelReporter = sp<MelReporter>::make(sp<IAfMelReporterCallback>::fromExisting(this));
+    mMelReporter = sp<MelReporter>::make(sp<IAfMelReporterCallback>::fromExisting(this),
+                                         mPatchPanel);
 }
 
 status_t AudioFlinger::setAudioHalPids(const std::vector<pid_t>& pids) {
@@ -879,6 +896,13 @@
             write(fd, timeCheckStats.c_str(), timeCheckStats.size());
             dprintf(fd, "\n");
         }
+        // dump mutex stats
+        const auto mutexStats = audio_utils::mutex::all_stats_to_string();
+        write(fd, mutexStats.c_str(), mutexStats.size());
+
+        // dump held mutexes
+        const auto mutexThreadInfo = audio_utils::mutex::all_threads_to_string();
+        write(fd, mutexThreadInfo.c_str(), mutexThreadInfo.size());
     }
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
@@ -1082,7 +1106,7 @@
                                       input.sharedBuffer, sessionId, &output.flags,
                                       callingPid, adjAttributionSource, input.clientInfo.clientTid,
                                       &lStatus, portId, input.audioTrackCallback, isSpatialized,
-                                      isBitPerfect);
+                                      isBitPerfect, &output.afTrackFlags);
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF((lStatus == NO_ERROR) && (track == 0));
         // we don't abort yet if lStatus != NO_ERROR; there is still work to be done regardless
 
@@ -2088,6 +2112,9 @@
         }
         if (removed) {
             removedEffects = purgeStaleEffects_l();
+            std::vector< sp<IAfEffectModule> > removedOrphanEffects = purgeOrphanEffectChains_l();
+            removedEffects.insert(removedEffects.end(), removedOrphanEffects.begin(),
+                    removedOrphanEffects.end());
         }
     }
     for (auto& effect : removedEffects) {
@@ -3525,15 +3552,60 @@
     return removedEffects;
 }
 
+std::vector< sp<IAfEffectModule> > AudioFlinger::purgeOrphanEffectChains_l()
+{
+    ALOGV("purging stale effects from orphan chains");
+    std::vector< sp<IAfEffectModule> > removedEffects;
+    for (size_t index = 0; index < mOrphanEffectChains.size(); index++) {
+        sp<IAfEffectChain> chain = mOrphanEffectChains.valueAt(index);
+        audio_session_t session = mOrphanEffectChains.keyAt(index);
+        if (session == AUDIO_SESSION_OUTPUT_MIX || session == AUDIO_SESSION_DEVICE
+                || session == AUDIO_SESSION_OUTPUT_STAGE) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        size_t numSessionRefs = mAudioSessionRefs.size();
+        bool found = false;
+        for (size_t k = 0; k < numSessionRefs; k++) {
+            AudioSessionRef *ref = mAudioSessionRefs.itemAt(k);
+            if (ref->mSessionid == session) {
+                ALOGV(" session %d still exists for %d with %d refs", session, ref->mPid,
+                        ref->mCnt);
+                found = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!found) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < chain->numberOfEffects(); i++) {
+                sp<IAfEffectModule> effect = chain->getEffectModule(i);
+                removedEffects.push_back(effect);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    for (auto& effect : removedEffects) {
+        effect->unPin();
+        updateOrphanEffectChains_l(effect);
+    }
+    return removedEffects;
+}
+
 // dumpToThreadLog_l() must be called with AudioFlinger::mutex() held
 void AudioFlinger::dumpToThreadLog_l(const sp<IAfThreadBase> &thread)
 {
     constexpr int THREAD_DUMP_TIMEOUT_MS = 2;
-    audio_utils::FdToString fdToString("- ", THREAD_DUMP_TIMEOUT_MS);
-    const int fd = fdToString.fd();
-    if (fd >= 0) {
-        thread->dump(fd, {} /* args */);
-        mThreadLog.logs(-1 /* time */, fdToString.getStringAndClose());
+    constexpr auto PREFIX = "- ";
+    if (com::android::media::audioserver::fdtostring_timeout_fix()) {
+        using ::android::audio_utils::FdToString;
+
+        auto writer = OR_RETURN(FdToString::createWriter(PREFIX));
+        thread->dump(writer.borrowFdUnsafe(), {} /* args */);
+        mThreadLog.logs(-1 /* time */, FdToString::closeWriterAndGetString(std::move(writer)));
+    } else {
+        audio_utils::FdToStringOldImpl fdToString("- ", THREAD_DUMP_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        const int fd = fdToString.borrowFdUnsafe();
+        if (fd >= 0) {
+            thread->dump(fd, {} /* args */);
+            mThreadLog.logs(-1 /* time */, fdToString.closeAndGetString());
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -4073,7 +4145,7 @@
         }
 
         // Only audio policy service can create a spatializer effect
-        if ((memcmp(&descOut.type, FX_IID_SPATIALIZER, sizeof(effect_uuid_t)) == 0) &&
+        if (IAfEffectModule::isSpatializer(&descOut.type) &&
             (callingUid != AID_AUDIOSERVER || currentPid != getpid())) {
             ALOGW("%s: attempt to create a spatializer effect from uid/pid %d/%d",
                     __func__, callingUid, currentPid);
@@ -4263,24 +4335,42 @@
     return lStatus;
 }
 
-status_t AudioFlinger::moveEffects(audio_session_t sessionId, audio_io_handle_t srcOutput,
-        audio_io_handle_t dstOutput)
+status_t AudioFlinger::moveEffects(audio_session_t sessionId, audio_io_handle_t srcIo,
+        audio_io_handle_t dstIo)
+NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS
 {
-    ALOGV("%s() session %d, srcOutput %d, dstOutput %d",
-            __func__, sessionId, srcOutput, dstOutput);
+    ALOGV("%s() session %d, srcIo %d, dstIo %d", __func__, sessionId, srcIo, dstIo);
     audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mutex());
-    if (srcOutput == dstOutput) {
-        ALOGW("%s() same dst and src outputs %d", __func__, dstOutput);
+    if (srcIo == dstIo) {
+        ALOGW("%s() same dst and src outputs %d", __func__, dstIo);
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
-    IAfPlaybackThread* const srcThread = checkPlaybackThread_l(srcOutput);
+    IAfRecordThread* const srcRecordThread = checkRecordThread_l(srcIo);
+    IAfRecordThread* const dstRecordThread = checkRecordThread_l(dstIo);
+    if (srcRecordThread != nullptr || dstRecordThread != nullptr) {
+        if (srcRecordThread != nullptr) {
+            srcRecordThread->mutex().lock();
+        }
+        if (dstRecordThread != nullptr) {
+            dstRecordThread->mutex().lock();
+        }
+        status_t ret = moveEffectChain_ll(sessionId, srcRecordThread, dstRecordThread);
+        if (srcRecordThread != nullptr) {
+            srcRecordThread->mutex().unlock();
+        }
+        if (dstRecordThread != nullptr) {
+            dstRecordThread->mutex().unlock();
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+    IAfPlaybackThread* const srcThread = checkPlaybackThread_l(srcIo);
     if (srcThread == nullptr) {
-        ALOGW("%s() bad srcOutput %d", __func__, srcOutput);
+        ALOGW("%s() bad srcIo %d", __func__, srcIo);
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
-    IAfPlaybackThread* const dstThread = checkPlaybackThread_l(dstOutput);
+    IAfPlaybackThread* const dstThread = checkPlaybackThread_l(dstIo);
     if (dstThread == nullptr) {
-        ALOGW("%s() bad dstOutput %d", __func__, dstOutput);
+        ALOGW("%s() bad dstIo %d", __func__, dstIo);
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
@@ -4393,7 +4483,7 @@
             if (effect->state() == IAfEffectModule::ACTIVE ||
                     effect->state() == IAfEffectModule::STOPPING) {
                 ++started;
-                effect->start();
+                effect->start_l();
             }
         }
         dstChain->mutex().unlock();
@@ -4416,6 +4506,48 @@
     return status;
 }
 
+
+// moveEffectChain_ll must be called with both srcThread (if not null) and dstThread (if not null)
+// mutex()s held
+status_t AudioFlinger::moveEffectChain_ll(audio_session_t sessionId,
+        IAfRecordThread* srcThread, IAfRecordThread* dstThread)
+{
+    sp<IAfEffectChain> chain = nullptr;
+    if (srcThread != 0) {
+        const Vector<sp<IAfEffectChain>> effectChains = srcThread->getEffectChains_l();
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < effectChains.size(); i ++) {
+             if (effectChains[i]->sessionId() == sessionId) {
+                 chain = effectChains[i];
+                 break;
+             }
+        }
+        ALOGV_IF(effectChains.size() == 0, "%s: no effect chain on io=%d", __func__,
+                srcThread->id());
+        if (chain == nullptr) {
+            ALOGE("%s wrong session id %d", __func__, sessionId);
+            return BAD_VALUE;
+        }
+        ALOGV("%s: removing effect chain for session=%d io=%d", __func__, sessionId,
+                srcThread->id());
+        srcThread->removeEffectChain_l(chain);
+    } else {
+        chain = getOrphanEffectChain_l(sessionId);
+        if (chain == nullptr) {
+            ALOGE("%s: no orphan effect chain found for session=%d", __func__, sessionId);
+            return BAD_VALUE;
+        }
+    }
+    if (dstThread != 0) {
+        ALOGV("%s: adding effect chain for session=%d on io=%d", __func__, sessionId,
+                dstThread->id());
+        dstThread->addEffectChain_l(chain);
+        return NO_ERROR;
+    }
+    ALOGV("%s: parking to orphan effect chain for session=%d", __func__, sessionId);
+    putOrphanEffectChain_l(chain);
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
 status_t AudioFlinger::moveAuxEffectToIo(int EffectId,
         const sp<IAfPlaybackThread>& dstThread, sp<IAfPlaybackThread>* srcThread)
 {
@@ -4454,7 +4586,7 @@
         // removeEffect_l() has stopped the effect if it was active so it must be restarted
         if (effect->state() == IAfEffectModule::ACTIVE ||
             effect->state() == IAfEffectModule::STOPPING) {
-            effect->start();
+            effect->start_l();
         }
     }
 
@@ -4530,6 +4662,11 @@
 bool AudioFlinger::updateOrphanEffectChains(const sp<IAfEffectModule>& effect)
 {
     audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mutex());
+    return updateOrphanEffectChains_l(effect);
+}
+
+bool AudioFlinger::updateOrphanEffectChains_l(const sp<IAfEffectModule>& effect)
+{
     audio_session_t session = effect->sessionId();
     ssize_t index = mOrphanEffectChains.indexOfKey(session);
     ALOGV("updateOrphanEffectChains session %d index %zd", session, index);
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.h b/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.h
index b1751da..0f75d6e 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.h
@@ -427,7 +427,8 @@
     // for as long as possible.  The memory is only freed when it is needed for another log writer.
     Vector< sp<NBLog::Writer> > mUnregisteredWriters;
     audio_utils::mutex& unregisteredWritersMutex() const { return mUnregisteredWritersMutex; }
-    mutable audio_utils::mutex mUnregisteredWritersMutex;
+    mutable audio_utils::mutex mUnregisteredWritersMutex{
+            audio_utils::MutexOrder::kAudioFlinger_UnregisteredWritersMutex};
 
                             AudioFlinger() ANDROID_API;
     ~AudioFlinger() override;
@@ -499,7 +500,7 @@
         bool mPendingRequests;
 
         // Mutex and condition variable around mPendingRequests' value
-        audio_utils::mutex mMutex;
+        audio_utils::mutex mMutex{audio_utils::MutexOrder::kMediaLogNotifier_Mutex};
         audio_utils::condition_variable mCondition;
 
         // Duration of the sleep period after a processed request
@@ -553,6 +554,10 @@
     // used by IAfDeviceEffectManagerCallback, IAfPatchPanelCallback, IAfThreadCallback
     audio_unique_id_t nextUniqueId(audio_unique_id_use_t use) final;
 
+    status_t moveEffectChain_ll(audio_session_t sessionId,
+            IAfRecordThread* srcThread, IAfRecordThread* dstThread)
+            REQUIRES(mutex(), audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex);
+
               // return thread associated with primary hardware device, or NULL
     DeviceTypeSet primaryOutputDevice_l() const REQUIRES(mutex());
 
@@ -585,6 +590,9 @@
 
     std::vector< sp<IAfEffectModule> > purgeStaleEffects_l() REQUIRES(mutex());
 
+    std::vector< sp<IAfEffectModule> > purgeOrphanEffectChains_l() REQUIRES(mutex());
+    bool updateOrphanEffectChains_l(const sp<IAfEffectModule>& effect) REQUIRES(mutex());
+
     void broadcastParametersToRecordThreads_l(const String8& keyValuePairs) REQUIRES(mutex());
     void forwardParametersToDownstreamPatches_l(
                         audio_io_handle_t upStream, const String8& keyValuePairs,
@@ -601,18 +609,19 @@
         int         mCnt;
     };
 
-    mutable audio_utils::mutex mMutex;
+    mutable audio_utils::mutex mMutex{audio_utils::MutexOrder::kAudioFlinger_Mutex};
                 // protects mClients and mNotificationClients.
                 // must be locked after mutex() and ThreadBase::mutex() if both must be locked
                 // avoids acquiring AudioFlinger::mutex() from inside thread loop.
 
-    mutable audio_utils::mutex mClientMutex;
+    mutable audio_utils::mutex mClientMutex{audio_utils::MutexOrder::kAudioFlinger_ClientMutex};
 
     DefaultKeyedVector<pid_t, wp<Client>> mClients GUARDED_BY(clientMutex());   // see ~Client()
 
     audio_utils::mutex& hardwareMutex() const { return mHardwareMutex; }
 
-    mutable audio_utils::mutex mHardwareMutex;
+    mutable audio_utils::mutex mHardwareMutex{
+            audio_utils::MutexOrder::kAudioFlinger_HardwareMutex};
     // NOTE: If both mMutex and mHardwareMutex mutexes must be held,
     // always take mMutex before mHardwareMutex
 
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/DeviceEffectManager.cpp b/services/audioflinger/DeviceEffectManager.cpp
index 0a7be75..feae97e 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/DeviceEffectManager.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/DeviceEffectManager.cpp
@@ -60,18 +60,37 @@
             __func__, handle, patch.mHalHandle,
             patch.mAudioPatch.num_sinks > 0 ? patch.mAudioPatch.sinks[0].ext.device.type : 0);
     audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mutex());
-    for (auto& effect : mDeviceEffects) {
-        status_t status = effect.second->onCreatePatch(handle, patch);
-        ALOGV("%s Effect onCreatePatch status %d", __func__, status);
-        ALOGW_IF(status == BAD_VALUE, "%s onCreatePatch error %d", __func__, status);
+    for (auto& effectProxies : mDeviceEffects) {
+        for (auto& effect : effectProxies.second) {
+            const status_t status = effect->onCreatePatch(handle, patch);
+            ALOGV("%s Effect onCreatePatch status %d", __func__, status);
+            ALOGW_IF(status == BAD_VALUE, "%s onCreatePatch error %d", __func__, status);
+        }
     }
 }
 
 void DeviceEffectManager::onReleaseAudioPatch(audio_patch_handle_t handle) {
     ALOGV("%s", __func__);
     audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mutex());
-    for (auto& effect : mDeviceEffects) {
-        effect.second->onReleasePatch(handle);
+    for (auto& effectProxies : mDeviceEffects) {
+        for (auto& effect : effectProxies.second) {
+            effect->onReleasePatch(handle);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void DeviceEffectManager::onUpdateAudioPatch(audio_patch_handle_t oldHandle,
+        audio_patch_handle_t newHandle, const IAfPatchPanel::Patch& patch) {
+    ALOGV("%s oldhandle %d newHandle %d mHalHandle %d device sink %08x",
+            __func__, oldHandle, newHandle, patch.mHalHandle,
+            patch.mAudioPatch.num_sinks > 0 ? patch.mAudioPatch.sinks[0].ext.device.type : 0);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mutex());
+    for (auto& effectProxies : mDeviceEffects) {
+        for (auto& effect : effectProxies.second) {
+            const status_t status = effect->onUpdatePatch(oldHandle, newHandle, patch);
+            ALOGV("%s Effect onUpdatePatch status %d", __func__, status);
+            ALOGW_IF(status != NO_ERROR, "%s onUpdatePatch error %d", __func__, status);
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -87,6 +106,7 @@
         bool probe,
         bool notifyFramesProcessed) {
     sp<IAfDeviceEffectProxy> effect;
+    std::vector<sp<IAfDeviceEffectProxy>> effectsForDevice = {};
     sp<IAfEffectHandle> handle;
     status_t lStatus;
 
@@ -100,12 +120,21 @@
         audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mutex());
         auto iter = mDeviceEffects.find(device);
         if (iter != mDeviceEffects.end()) {
-            effect = iter->second;
-        } else {
+            effectsForDevice = iter->second;
+            for (const auto& iterEffect : effectsForDevice) {
+                if (memcmp(&iterEffect->desc().uuid, &descriptor->uuid, sizeof(effect_uuid_t)) ==
+                    0) {
+                    effect = iterEffect;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (effect == nullptr) {
             effect = IAfDeviceEffectProxy::create(device, mMyCallback,
                     descriptor,
                     mAfDeviceEffectManagerCallback->nextUniqueId(AUDIO_UNIQUE_ID_USE_EFFECT),
                     notifyFramesProcessed);
+            effectsForDevice.push_back(effect);
         }
         // create effect handle and connect it to effect module
         handle = IAfEffectHandle::create(
@@ -114,12 +143,13 @@
         if (lStatus == NO_ERROR) {
             lStatus = effect->addHandle(handle.get());
             if (lStatus == NO_ERROR) {
-                lStatus = effect->init(patches);
+                lStatus = effect->init_l(patches);
                 if (lStatus == NAME_NOT_FOUND) {
                     lStatus = NO_ERROR;
                 }
                 if (lStatus == NO_ERROR || lStatus == ALREADY_EXISTS) {
-                    mDeviceEffects.emplace(device, effect);
+                    mDeviceEffects.erase(device);
+                    mDeviceEffects.emplace(device, effectsForDevice);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -187,8 +217,10 @@
         String8 outStr;
         outStr.appendFormat("%*sEffect for device %s address %s:\n", 2, "",
                 ::android::toString(iter.first.mType).c_str(), iter.first.getAddress());
-        write(fd, outStr.c_str(), outStr.size());
-        iter.second->dump2(fd, 4);
+        for (const auto& effect : iter.second) {
+            write(fd, outStr.c_str(), outStr.size());
+            effect->dump2(fd, 4);
+        }
     }
 
     if (locked) {
@@ -199,7 +231,20 @@
 size_t DeviceEffectManager::removeEffect(const sp<IAfDeviceEffectProxy>& effect)
 {
     audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mutex());
-    mDeviceEffects.erase(effect->device());
+    const auto& iter = mDeviceEffects.find(effect->device());
+    if (iter != mDeviceEffects.end()) {
+        const auto& iterEffect = std::find_if(
+                iter->second.begin(), iter->second.end(), [&effect](const auto& effectProxy) {
+                    return memcmp(&effectProxy->desc().uuid, &effect->desc().uuid,
+                            sizeof(effect_uuid_t)) == 0;
+                });
+        if (iterEffect != iter->second.end()) {
+            iter->second.erase(iterEffect);
+            if (iter->second.empty()) {
+                mDeviceEffects.erase(effect->device());
+            }
+        }
+    }
     return mDeviceEffects.size();
 }
 
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/DeviceEffectManager.h b/services/audioflinger/DeviceEffectManager.h
index 6a5c889..287d838 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/DeviceEffectManager.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/DeviceEffectManager.h
@@ -75,6 +75,9 @@
             EXCLUDES_DeviceEffectManager_Mutex;
     void onReleaseAudioPatch(audio_patch_handle_t handle) final
             EXCLUDES_DeviceEffectManager_Mutex;
+    void onUpdateAudioPatch(audio_patch_handle_t oldHandle,
+            audio_patch_handle_t newHandle, const IAfPatchPanel::Patch& patch) final
+            EXCLUDES_DeviceEffectManager_Mutex;
 
 private:
     static status_t checkEffectCompatibility(const effect_descriptor_t *desc);
@@ -82,10 +85,11 @@
     audio_utils::mutex& mutex() const RETURN_CAPABILITY(audio_utils::DeviceEffectManager_Mutex) {
        return mMutex;
    }
-    mutable audio_utils::mutex mMutex;
+    mutable audio_utils::mutex mMutex{audio_utils::MutexOrder::kDeviceEffectManager_Mutex};
     const sp<IAfDeviceEffectManagerCallback> mAfDeviceEffectManagerCallback;
     const sp<DeviceEffectManagerCallback> mMyCallback;
-    std::map<AudioDeviceTypeAddr, sp<IAfDeviceEffectProxy>> mDeviceEffects GUARDED_BY(mutex());
+    std::map<AudioDeviceTypeAddr, std::vector<sp<IAfDeviceEffectProxy>>>
+            mDeviceEffects GUARDED_BY(mutex());
 };
 
 class DeviceEffectManagerCallback : public EffectCallbackInterface {
@@ -135,7 +139,7 @@
     // check if effects should be suspended or restored when a given effect is enable or disabled
     void checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled(const sp<IAfEffectBase>& effect __unused,
                           bool enabled __unused, bool threadLocked __unused) final {}
-    void resetVolume() final {}
+    void resetVolume_l() final REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex) {}
     product_strategy_t strategy() const final { return static_cast<product_strategy_t>(0); }
     int32_t activeTrackCnt() const final { return 0; }
     void onEffectEnable(const sp<IAfEffectBase>& effect __unused) final {}
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/Effects.cpp b/services/audioflinger/Effects.cpp
index 95fed5b..a02657e 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/Effects.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/Effects.cpp
@@ -514,11 +514,12 @@
     if (!locked) {
         result.append("\t\tCould not lock Fx mutex:\n");
     }
-
-    result.append("\t\tSession State Registered Enabled Suspended:\n");
-    result.appendFormat("\t\t%05d   %03d   %s          %s       %s\n",
-            mSessionId, mState, mPolicyRegistered ? "y" : "n",
-            mPolicyEnabled ? "y" : "n", mSuspended ? "y" : "n");
+    bool isInternal = isInternal_l();
+    result.append("\t\tSession State Registered Internal Enabled Suspended:\n");
+    result.appendFormat("\t\t%05d   %03d   %s          %s        %s       %s\n",
+            mSessionId, mState, mPolicyRegistered ? "y" : "n", isInternal ? "y" : "n",
+            ((isInternal && isEnabled()) || (!isInternal && mPolicyEnabled)) ? "y" : "n",
+            mSuspended ? "y" : "n");
 
     result.append("\t\tDescriptor:\n");
     char uuidStr[64];
@@ -569,10 +570,10 @@
     : EffectBase(callback, desc, id, sessionId, pinned),
       // clear mConfig to ensure consistent initial value of buffer framecount
       // in case buffers are associated by setInBuffer() or setOutBuffer()
-      // prior to configure().
+      // prior to configure_l().
       mConfig{{}, {}},
       mStatus(NO_INIT),
-      mMaxDisableWaitCnt(1), // set by configure(), should be >= 1
+      mMaxDisableWaitCnt(1), // set by configure_l(), should be >= 1
       mDisableWaitCnt(0),    // set by process() and updateState()
       mOffloaded(false),
       mIsOutput(false)
@@ -587,13 +588,13 @@
     if (mStatus != NO_ERROR) {
         return;
     }
-    lStatus = init();
+    lStatus = init_l();
     if (lStatus < 0) {
         mStatus = lStatus;
         goto Error;
     }
 
-    setOffloaded(callback->isOffload(), callback->io());
+    setOffloaded_l(callback->isOffload(), callback->io());
     ALOGV("Constructor success name %s, Interface %p", mDescriptor.name, mEffectInterface.get());
 
     return;
@@ -615,7 +616,7 @@
 
 }
 
-bool EffectModule::updateState() {
+bool EffectModule::updateState_l() {
     audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mutex());
 
     bool started = false;
@@ -631,7 +632,7 @@
                    0,
                    mConfig.inputCfg.buffer.frameCount*sizeof(int32_t));
         }
-        if (start_l() == NO_ERROR) {
+        if (start_ll() == NO_ERROR) {
             mState = ACTIVE;
             started = true;
         } else {
@@ -640,8 +641,8 @@
         break;
     case STOPPING:
         // volume control for offload and direct threads must take effect immediately.
-        if (stop_l() == NO_ERROR
-            && !(isVolumeControl() && isOffloadedOrDirect())) {
+        if (stop_ll() == NO_ERROR
+            && !(isVolumeControl() && isOffloadedOrDirect_l())) {
             mDisableWaitCnt = mMaxDisableWaitCnt;
         } else {
             mDisableWaitCnt = 1; // will cause immediate transition to IDLE
@@ -835,9 +836,9 @@
     mEffectInterface->command(EFFECT_CMD_RESET, 0, NULL, &replySize, &reply);
 }
 
-status_t EffectModule::configure()
+status_t EffectModule::configure_l()
 {
-    ALOGVV("configure() started");
+    ALOGVV("%s started", __func__);
     status_t status;
     uint32_t size;
     audio_channel_mask_t channelMask;
@@ -878,7 +879,7 @@
     mConfig.outputCfg.format = AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_FLOAT;
 
     // Don't use sample rate for thread if effect isn't offloadable.
-    if (callback->isOffloadOrDirect() && !isOffloaded()) {
+    if (callback->isOffloadOrDirect() && !isOffloaded_l()) {
         mConfig.inputCfg.samplingRate = DEFAULT_OUTPUT_SAMPLE_RATE;
         ALOGV("Overriding effect input as 48kHz");
     } else {
@@ -908,9 +909,9 @@
     mConfig.outputCfg.buffer.frameCount = mConfig.inputCfg.buffer.frameCount;
     mIsOutput = callback->isOutput();
 
-    ALOGV("configure() %p chain %p buffer %p framecount %zu",
-          this, callback->chain().promote().get(),
-          mConfig.inputCfg.buffer.raw, mConfig.inputCfg.buffer.frameCount);
+    ALOGV("%s %p chain %p buffer %p framecount %zu", __func__, this,
+          callback->chain().promote().get(), mConfig.inputCfg.buffer.raw,
+          mConfig.inputCfg.buffer.frameCount);
 
     status_t cmdStatus;
     size = sizeof(int);
@@ -1004,17 +1005,18 @@
     // mConfig.outputCfg.buffer.frameCount cannot be zero.
     mMaxDisableWaitCnt = (uint32_t)std::max(
             (uint64_t)1, // mMaxDisableWaitCnt must be greater than zero.
-            (uint64_t)MAX_DISABLE_TIME_MS * mConfig.outputCfg.samplingRate
-                / ((uint64_t)1000 * mConfig.outputCfg.buffer.frameCount));
+            (uint64_t)mConfig.outputCfg.buffer.frameCount == 0 ? 1
+                : (MAX_DISABLE_TIME_MS * mConfig.outputCfg.samplingRate
+                / ((uint64_t)1000 * mConfig.outputCfg.buffer.frameCount)));
 
 exit:
     // TODO: consider clearing mConfig on error.
     mStatus = status;
-    ALOGVV("configure ended");
+    ALOGVV("%s ended", __func__);
     return status;
 }
 
-status_t EffectModule::init()
+status_t EffectModule::init_l()
 {
     audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mutex());
     if (mEffectInterface == 0) {
@@ -1046,21 +1048,21 @@
     }
 }
 
-// start() must be called with PlaybackThread::mutex() or EffectChain::mutex() held
-status_t EffectModule::start()
+// start_l() must be called with EffectChain::mutex() held
+status_t EffectModule::start_l()
 {
     status_t status;
     {
         audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mutex());
-        status = start_l();
+        status = start_ll();
     }
     if (status == NO_ERROR) {
-        getCallback()->resetVolume();
+        getCallback()->resetVolume_l();
     }
     return status;
 }
 
-status_t EffectModule::start_l()
+status_t EffectModule::start_ll()
 {
     if (mEffectInterface == 0) {
         return NO_INIT;
@@ -1084,13 +1086,13 @@
     return status;
 }
 
-status_t EffectModule::stop()
+status_t EffectModule::stop_l()
 {
     audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mutex());
-    return stop_l();
+    return stop_ll();
 }
 
-status_t EffectModule::stop_l()
+status_t EffectModule::stop_ll()
 {
     if (mEffectInterface == 0) {
         return NO_INIT;
@@ -1101,11 +1103,11 @@
     status_t cmdStatus = NO_ERROR;
     uint32_t size = sizeof(status_t);
 
-    if (isVolumeControl() && isOffloadedOrDirect()) {
+    if (isVolumeControl() && isOffloadedOrDirect_l()) {
         // We have the EffectChain and EffectModule lock, permit a reentrant call to setVolume:
         // resetVolume_l --> setVolume_l --> EffectModule::setVolume
         mSetVolumeReentrantTid = gettid();
-        getCallback()->resetVolume();
+        getCallback()->resetVolume_l();
         mSetVolumeReentrantTid = INVALID_PID;
     }
 
@@ -1160,7 +1162,7 @@
                      std::vector<uint8_t>* reply)
 {
     audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mutex());
-    ALOGVV("command(), cmdCode: %d, mEffectInterface: %p", cmdCode, mEffectInterface.get());
+    ALOGVV("%s, cmdCode: %d, mEffectInterface: %p", __func__, cmdCode, mEffectInterface.get());
 
     if (mState == DESTROYED || mEffectInterface == 0) {
         return NO_INIT;
@@ -1256,20 +1258,20 @@
     }
 }
 
-bool EffectModule::isOffloadedOrDirect() const
+bool EffectModule::isOffloadedOrDirect_l() const
 {
     return getCallback()->isOffloadOrDirect();
 }
 
-bool EffectModule::isVolumeControlEnabled() const
+bool EffectModule::isVolumeControlEnabled_l() const
 {
-    return (isVolumeControl() && (isOffloadedOrDirect() ? isEnabled() : isProcessEnabled()));
+    return (isVolumeControl() && (isOffloadedOrDirect_l() ? isEnabled() : isProcessEnabled()));
 }
 
 void EffectModule::setInBuffer(const sp<EffectBufferHalInterface>& buffer) {
     ALOGVV("setInBuffer %p",(&buffer));
 
-    // mConfig.inputCfg.buffer.frameCount may be zero if configure() is not called yet.
+    // mConfig.inputCfg.buffer.frameCount may be zero if configure_l() is not called yet.
     if (buffer != 0) {
         mConfig.inputCfg.buffer.raw = buffer->audioBuffer()->raw;
         buffer->setFrameCount(mConfig.inputCfg.buffer.frameCount);
@@ -1315,7 +1317,7 @@
 void EffectModule::setOutBuffer(const sp<EffectBufferHalInterface>& buffer) {
     ALOGVV("setOutBuffer %p",(&buffer));
 
-    // mConfig.outputCfg.buffer.frameCount may be zero if configure() is not called yet.
+    // mConfig.outputCfg.buffer.frameCount may be zero if configure_l() is not called yet.
     if (buffer != 0) {
         mConfig.outputCfg.buffer.raw = buffer->audioBuffer()->raw;
         buffer->setFrameCount(mConfig.outputCfg.buffer.frameCount);
@@ -1354,8 +1356,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-status_t EffectModule::setVolume(uint32_t *left, uint32_t *right, bool controller)
-{
+status_t EffectModule::setVolume(uint32_t* left, uint32_t* right, bool controller) {
     AutoLockReentrant _l(mutex(), mSetVolumeReentrantTid);
     if (mStatus != NO_ERROR) {
         return mStatus;
@@ -1478,7 +1479,7 @@
     return status;
 }
 
-status_t EffectModule::setOffloaded(bool offloaded, audio_io_handle_t io)
+status_t EffectModule::setOffloaded_l(bool offloaded, audio_io_handle_t io)
 {
     audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mutex());
     if (mStatus != NO_ERROR) {
@@ -1507,11 +1508,11 @@
         }
         mOffloaded = false;
     }
-    ALOGV("setOffloaded() offloaded %d io %d status %d", offloaded, io, status);
+    ALOGV("%s offloaded %d io %d status %d", __func__, offloaded, io, status);
     return status;
 }
 
-bool EffectModule::isOffloaded() const
+bool EffectModule::isOffloaded_l() const
 {
     audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mutex());
     return mOffloaded;
@@ -1526,8 +1527,16 @@
     return IAfEffectModule::isHapticGenerator(&mDescriptor.type);
 }
 
-status_t EffectModule::setHapticIntensity(int id, os::HapticScale intensity)
-{
+/*static*/
+bool IAfEffectModule::isSpatializer(const effect_uuid_t *type) {
+    return memcmp(type, FX_IID_SPATIALIZER, sizeof(effect_uuid_t)) == 0;
+}
+
+bool EffectModule::isSpatializer() const {
+    return IAfEffectModule::isSpatializer(&mDescriptor.type);
+}
+
+status_t EffectModule::setHapticIntensity_l(int id, os::HapticScale intensity) {
     if (mStatus != NO_ERROR) {
         return mStatus;
     }
@@ -1552,8 +1561,7 @@
     return status;
 }
 
-status_t EffectModule::setVibratorInfo(const media::AudioVibratorInfo& vibratorInfo)
-{
+status_t EffectModule::setVibratorInfo_l(const media::AudioVibratorInfo& vibratorInfo) {
     if (mStatus != NO_ERROR) {
         return mStatus;
     }
@@ -1582,8 +1590,8 @@
     return status;
 }
 
-status_t EffectModule::getConfigs(
-        audio_config_base_t* inputCfg, audio_config_base_t* outputCfg, bool* isOutput) const {
+status_t EffectModule::getConfigs_l(audio_config_base_t* inputCfg, audio_config_base_t* outputCfg,
+                                    bool* isOutput) const {
     audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mutex());
     if (mConfig.inputCfg.mask == 0 || mConfig.outputCfg.mask == 0) {
         return NO_INIT;
@@ -1598,6 +1606,35 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
+status_t EffectModule::sendMetadata_ll(const std::vector<playback_track_metadata_v7_t>& metadata) {
+    if (mStatus != NO_ERROR) {
+        return mStatus;
+    }
+    // TODO b/307368176: send all metadata to effects if requested by the implementation.
+    // For now only send channel mask to Spatializer.
+    if (!isSpatializer()) {
+        return INVALID_OPERATION;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> request(
+            sizeof(effect_param_t) + sizeof(int32_t) + metadata.size() * sizeof(uint32_t));
+    effect_param_t *param = (effect_param_t*) request.data();
+    param->psize = sizeof(int32_t);
+    param->vsize = metadata.size() * sizeof(uint32_t);
+    *(int32_t*)param->data = SPATIALIZER_PARAM_INPUT_CHANNEL_MASK;
+    uint32_t* channelMasks = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(param->data + sizeof(int32_t));
+    for (auto m : metadata) {
+        *channelMasks++ = m.channel_mask;
+    }
+    std::vector<uint8_t> response;
+    status_t status = command(EFFECT_CMD_SET_PARAM, request, sizeof(int32_t), &response);
+    if (status == NO_ERROR) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(response.size() != sizeof(status_t));
+        status = *reinterpret_cast<const status_t*>(response.data());
+    }
+    return status;
+}
+
 static std::string dumpInOutBuffer(bool isInput, const sp<EffectBufferHalInterface> &buffer) {
     std::stringstream ss;
 
@@ -1908,7 +1945,7 @@
     audio_config_base_t inputCfg = AUDIO_CONFIG_BASE_INITIALIZER;
     audio_config_base_t outputCfg = AUDIO_CONFIG_BASE_INITIALIZER;
     bool isOutput;
-    status_t status = effectModule->getConfigs(&inputCfg, &outputCfg, &isOutput);
+    status_t status = effectModule->getConfigs_l(&inputCfg, &outputCfg, &isOutput);
     if (status == NO_ERROR) {
         constexpr bool isInput = false; // effects always use 'OUT' channel masks.
         _config->inputCfg = VALUE_OR_RETURN_STATUS_AS_OUT(
@@ -2174,7 +2211,7 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-std::vector<int> EffectChain::getEffectIds() const
+std::vector<int> EffectChain::getEffectIds_l() const
 {
     std::vector<int> ids;
     audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mutex());
@@ -2204,8 +2241,7 @@
 }
 
 // Must be called with EffectChain::mutex() locked
-void EffectChain::process_l()
-{
+void EffectChain::process_l() {
     // never process effects when:
     // - on an OFFLOAD thread
     // - no more tracks are on the session and the effect tail has been rendered
@@ -2248,7 +2284,7 @@
     }
     bool doResetVolume = false;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-        doResetVolume = mEffects[i]->updateState() || doResetVolume;
+        doResetVolume = mEffects[i]->updateState_l() || doResetVolume;
     }
     if (doResetVolume) {
         resetVolume_l();
@@ -2302,14 +2338,14 @@
                 numSamples * sizeof(float), &halBuffer);
         if (result != OK) return result;
 
-        effect->configure();
+        effect->configure_l();
 
         effect->setInBuffer(halBuffer);
         // auxiliary effects output samples to chain input buffer for further processing
         // by insert effects
         effect->setOutBuffer(mInBuffer);
     } else {
-        ssize_t idx_insert = getInsertIndex(desc);
+        ssize_t idx_insert = getInsertIndex_ll(desc);
         if (idx_insert < 0) {
             return INVALID_OPERATION;
         }
@@ -2317,7 +2353,7 @@
         size_t previousSize = mEffects.size();
         mEffects.insertAt(effect, idx_insert);
 
-        effect->configure();
+        effect->configure_l();
 
         // - By default:
         //   All effects read samples from chain input buffer.
@@ -2332,9 +2368,9 @@
             effect->setOutBuffer(mOutBuffer);
             if (idx_insert == 0) {
                 if (previousSize != 0) {
-                    mEffects[1]->configure();
+                    mEffects[1]->configure_l();
                     mEffects[1]->setInBuffer(mOutBuffer);
-                    mEffects[1]->updateAccessMode();      // reconfig if neeeded.
+                    mEffects[1]->updateAccessMode_l();  // reconfig if needed.
                 }
                 effect->setInBuffer(mInBuffer);
             } else {
@@ -2344,9 +2380,9 @@
             effect->setInBuffer(mInBuffer);
             if (idx_insert == static_cast<ssize_t>(previousSize)) {
                 if (idx_insert != 0) {
-                    mEffects[idx_insert-1]->configure();
+                    mEffects[idx_insert-1]->configure_l();
                     mEffects[idx_insert-1]->setOutBuffer(mInBuffer);
-                    mEffects[idx_insert - 1]->updateAccessMode();      // reconfig if neeeded.
+                    mEffects[idx_insert - 1]->updateAccessMode_l();  // reconfig if needed.
                 }
                 effect->setOutBuffer(mOutBuffer);
             } else {
@@ -2356,21 +2392,21 @@
         ALOGV("%s effect %p, added in chain %p at rank %zu",
                 __func__, effect.get(), this, idx_insert);
     }
-    effect->configure();
+    effect->configure_l();
 
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
 std::optional<size_t> EffectChain::findVolumeControl_l(size_t from, size_t to) const {
     for (size_t i = std::min(to, mEffects.size()); i > from; i--) {
-        if (mEffects[i - 1]->isVolumeControlEnabled()) {
+        if (mEffects[i - 1]->isVolumeControlEnabled_l()) {
             return i - 1;
         }
     }
     return std::nullopt;
 }
 
-ssize_t EffectChain::getInsertIndex(const effect_descriptor_t& desc) {
+ssize_t EffectChain::getInsertIndex_ll(const effect_descriptor_t& desc) {
     // Insert effects are inserted at the end of mEffects vector as they are processed
     //  after track and auxiliary effects.
     // Insert effect order as a function of indicated preference:
@@ -2385,7 +2421,7 @@
     // already present
     // Spatializer or Downmixer effects are inserted in first position because
     // they adapt the channel count for all other effects in the chain
-    if ((memcmp(&desc.type, FX_IID_SPATIALIZER, sizeof(effect_uuid_t)) == 0)
+    if (IAfEffectModule::isSpatializer(&desc.type)
             || (memcmp(&desc.type, EFFECT_UIID_DOWNMIX, sizeof(effect_uuid_t)) == 0)) {
         return 0;
     }
@@ -2458,7 +2494,7 @@
             // the middle of a read from audio HAL
             if (mEffects[i]->state() == EffectModule::ACTIVE ||
                     mEffects[i]->state() == EffectModule::STOPPING) {
-                mEffects[i]->stop();
+                mEffects[i]->stop_l();
             }
             if (release) {
                 mEffects[i]->release_l();
@@ -2466,9 +2502,9 @@
 
             if (type != EFFECT_FLAG_TYPE_AUXILIARY) {
                 if (i == size - 1 && i != 0) {
-                    mEffects[i - 1]->configure();
+                    mEffects[i - 1]->configure_l();
                     mEffects[i - 1]->setOutBuffer(mOutBuffer);
-                    mEffects[i - 1]->updateAccessMode();      // reconfig if neeeded.
+                    mEffects[i - 1]->updateAccessMode_l();      // reconfig if needed.
                 }
             }
             mEffects.removeAt(i);
@@ -2477,9 +2513,9 @@
             // is updated if needed (can switch from HAL channel mask to mixer channel mask)
             if (type != EFFECT_FLAG_TYPE_AUXILIARY // TODO(b/284522658) breaks for aux FX, why?
                     && i == 0 && size > 1) {
-                mEffects[0]->configure();
+                mEffects[0]->configure_l();
                 mEffects[0]->setInBuffer(mInBuffer);
-                mEffects[0]->updateAccessMode();      // reconfig if neeeded.
+                mEffects[0]->updateAccessMode_l();      // reconfig if needed.
             }
 
             ALOGV("removeEffect_l() effect %p, removed from chain %p at rank %zu", effect.get(),
@@ -2529,14 +2565,19 @@
 
 bool EffectChain::hasVolumeControlEnabled_l() const {
     for (const auto &effect : mEffects) {
-        if (effect->isVolumeControlEnabled()) return true;
+        if (effect->isVolumeControlEnabled_l()) return true;
     }
     return false;
 }
 
-// setVolume_l() must be called with IAfThreadBase::mutex() or EffectChain::mutex() held
-bool EffectChain::setVolume_l(uint32_t *left, uint32_t *right, bool force)
-{
+// setVolume() must be called without EffectChain::mutex()
+bool EffectChain::setVolume(uint32_t* left, uint32_t* right, bool force) {
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mutex());
+    return setVolume_l(left, right, force);
+}
+
+// setVolume_l() must be called with EffectChain::mutex() held
+bool EffectChain::setVolume_l(uint32_t* left, uint32_t* right, bool force) {
     uint32_t newLeft = *left;
     uint32_t newRight = *right;
     const size_t size = mEffects.size();
@@ -2611,7 +2652,7 @@
     return volumeControlIndex.has_value();
 }
 
-// resetVolume_l() must be called with IAfThreadBase::mutex() or EffectChain::mutex() held
+// resetVolume_l() must be called with EffectChain::mutex() held
 void EffectChain::resetVolume_l()
 {
     if ((mLeftVolume != UINT_MAX) && (mRightVolume != UINT_MAX)) {
@@ -2637,11 +2678,11 @@
 {
     audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mutex());
     for (size_t i = 0; i < mEffects.size(); ++i) {
-        mEffects[i]->setHapticIntensity(id, intensity);
+        mEffects[i]->setHapticIntensity_l(id, intensity);
     }
 }
 
-void EffectChain::syncHalEffectsState()
+void EffectChain::syncHalEffectsState_l()
 {
     audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mutex());
     for (size_t i = 0; i < mEffects.size(); i++) {
@@ -2710,7 +2751,7 @@
         }
 
         if (desc->mRefCount++ == 0) {
-            sp<IAfEffectModule> effect = getEffectIfEnabled(type);
+            sp<IAfEffectModule> effect = getEffectIfEnabled_l(type);
             if (effect != 0) {
                 desc->mEffect = effect;
                 effect->setSuspended(true);
@@ -2763,7 +2804,7 @@
         }
         if (desc->mRefCount++ == 0) {
             Vector< sp<IAfEffectModule> > effects;
-            getSuspendEligibleEffects(effects);
+            getSuspendEligibleEffects_l(effects);
             for (size_t i = 0; i < effects.size(); i++) {
                 setEffectSuspended_l(&effects[i]->desc().type, true);
             }
@@ -2804,8 +2845,7 @@
 #endif //OPENSL_ES_H_
 
 /* static */
-bool EffectChain::isEffectEligibleForBtNrecSuspend(const effect_uuid_t *type)
-{
+bool EffectChain::isEffectEligibleForBtNrecSuspend_l(const effect_uuid_t* type) {
     // Only NS and AEC are suspended when BtNRec is off
     if ((memcmp(type, FX_IID_AEC, sizeof(effect_uuid_t)) == 0) ||
         (memcmp(type, FX_IID_NS, sizeof(effect_uuid_t)) == 0)) {
@@ -2814,7 +2854,7 @@
     return false;
 }
 
-bool EffectChain::isEffectEligibleForSuspend(const effect_descriptor_t& desc)
+bool EffectChain::isEffectEligibleForSuspend_l(const effect_descriptor_t& desc)
 {
     // auxiliary effects and visualizer are never suspended on output mix
     if ((mSessionId == AUDIO_SESSION_OUTPUT_MIX) &&
@@ -2827,26 +2867,24 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-void EffectChain::getSuspendEligibleEffects(
+void EffectChain::getSuspendEligibleEffects_l(
         Vector< sp<IAfEffectModule> > &effects)
 {
     effects.clear();
     for (size_t i = 0; i < mEffects.size(); i++) {
-        if (isEffectEligibleForSuspend(mEffects[i]->desc())) {
+        if (isEffectEligibleForSuspend_l(mEffects[i]->desc())) {
             effects.add(mEffects[i]);
         }
     }
 }
 
-sp<IAfEffectModule> EffectChain::getEffectIfEnabled(const effect_uuid_t *type)
+sp<IAfEffectModule> EffectChain::getEffectIfEnabled_l(const effect_uuid_t *type)
 {
     sp<IAfEffectModule> effect = getEffectFromType_l(type);
     return effect != 0 && effect->isEnabled() ? effect : 0;
 }
 
-void EffectChain::checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled(const sp<IAfEffectModule>& effect,
-                                                            bool enabled)
-{
+void EffectChain::checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled_l(const sp<IAfEffectModule>& effect, bool enabled) {
     ssize_t index = mSuspendedEffects.indexOfKey(effect->desc().type.timeLow);
     if (enabled) {
         if (index < 0) {
@@ -2855,18 +2893,17 @@
             if (index < 0) {
                 return;
             }
-            if (!isEffectEligibleForSuspend(effect->desc())) {
+            if (!isEffectEligibleForSuspend_l(effect->desc())) {
                 return;
             }
             setEffectSuspended_l(&effect->desc().type, enabled);
             index = mSuspendedEffects.indexOfKey(effect->desc().type.timeLow);
             if (index < 0) {
-                ALOGW("checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled() Fx should be suspended here!");
+                ALOGW("%s Fx should be suspended here!", __func__);
                 return;
             }
         }
-        ALOGV("checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled() enable suspending fx %08x",
-            effect->desc().type.timeLow);
+        ALOGV("%s enable suspending fx %08x", __func__, effect->desc().type.timeLow);
         sp<SuspendedEffectDesc> desc = mSuspendedEffects.valueAt(index);
         // if effect is requested to suspended but was not yet enabled, suspend it now.
         if (desc->mEffect == 0) {
@@ -2878,8 +2915,7 @@
         if (index < 0) {
             return;
         }
-        ALOGV("checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled() disable restoring fx %08x",
-            effect->desc().type.timeLow);
+        ALOGV("%s disable restoring fx %08x", __func__, effect->desc().type.timeLow);
         sp<SuspendedEffectDesc> desc = mSuspendedEffects.valueAt(index);
         desc->mEffect.clear();
         effect->setSuspended(false);
@@ -2981,6 +3017,20 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+// sendMetadata_l() must be called with thread->mutex() held
+void EffectChain::sendMetadata_l(const std::vector<playback_track_metadata_v7_t>& allMetadata,
+        const std::optional<const std::vector<playback_track_metadata_v7_t>> spatializedMetadata) {
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mutex());
+    for (const auto& effect : mEffects) {
+        if (spatializedMetadata.has_value()
+                && IAfEffectModule::isSpatializer(&effect->desc().type)) {
+            effect->sendMetadata_ll(spatializedMetadata.value());
+        } else {
+            effect->sendMetadata_ll(allMetadata);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 // EffectCallbackInterface implementation
 status_t EffectChain::EffectCallback::createEffectHal(
         const effect_uuid_t *pEffectUuid, int32_t sessionId, int32_t deviceId,
@@ -3194,8 +3244,9 @@
     t->setVolumeForOutput_l(left, right);
 }
 
-void EffectChain::EffectCallback::checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled(
-        const sp<IAfEffectBase>& effect, bool enabled, bool threadLocked) {
+void EffectChain::EffectCallback::checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled(const sp<IAfEffectBase>& effect,
+                                                              bool enabled, bool threadLocked)
+        NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
     const sp<IAfThreadBase> t = thread().promote();
     if (t == nullptr) {
         return;
@@ -3207,7 +3258,7 @@
         return;
     }
     // in EffectChain context, an EffectBase is always from an EffectModule so static cast is safe
-    c->checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled(effect->asEffectModule(), enabled);
+    c->checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled_l(effect->asEffectModule(), enabled);
 }
 
 void EffectChain::EffectCallback::onEffectEnable(const sp<IAfEffectBase>& effect) {
@@ -3239,7 +3290,7 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-void EffectChain::EffectCallback::resetVolume() {
+void EffectChain::EffectCallback::resetVolume_l() {
     sp<IAfEffectChain> c = chain().promote();
     if (c == nullptr) {
         return;
@@ -3300,7 +3351,7 @@
     return status;
 }
 
-status_t DeviceEffectProxy::init(
+status_t DeviceEffectProxy::init_l(
         const std::map <audio_patch_handle_t, IAfPatchPanel::Patch>& patches) {
 //For all audio patches
 //If src or sink device match
@@ -3323,6 +3374,23 @@
     return status;
 }
 
+status_t DeviceEffectProxy::onUpdatePatch(audio_patch_handle_t oldPatchHandle,
+        audio_patch_handle_t newPatchHandle,
+        const IAfPatchPanel::Patch& /* patch */) {
+    status_t status = NAME_NOT_FOUND;
+    ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(proxyMutex());
+    if (mEffectHandles.find(oldPatchHandle) != mEffectHandles.end()) {
+        ALOGV("%s replacing effect from handle %d to handle %d", __func__, oldPatchHandle,
+                newPatchHandle);
+        sp<IAfEffectHandle> effect = mEffectHandles.at(oldPatchHandle);
+        mEffectHandles.erase(oldPatchHandle);
+        mEffectHandles.emplace(newPatchHandle, effect);
+        status = NO_ERROR;
+    }
+    return status;
+}
+
 status_t DeviceEffectProxy::onCreatePatch(
         audio_patch_handle_t patchHandle, const IAfPatchPanel::Patch& patch) {
     status_t status = NAME_NOT_FOUND;
@@ -3336,6 +3404,9 @@
     }
     if (status == NO_ERROR || status == ALREADY_EXISTS) {
         audio_utils::lock_guard _l(proxyMutex());
+        size_t erasedHandle = mEffectHandles.erase(patchHandle);
+        ALOGV("%s %s effecthandle %p for patch %d",
+                __func__, (erasedHandle == 0 ? "adding" : "replacing"), handle.get(), patchHandle);
         mEffectHandles.emplace(patchHandle, handle);
     }
     ALOGW_IF(status == BAD_VALUE,
@@ -3371,18 +3442,21 @@
 
     if (mDescriptor.flags & EFFECT_FLAG_HW_ACC_TUNNEL) {
         audio_utils::lock_guard _l(proxyMutex());
-        mDevicePort = *port;
-        mHalEffect = new EffectModule(mMyCallback,
+        if (mHalEffect != nullptr && mDevicePort.id == port->id) {
+            ALOGV("%s reusing HAL effect", __func__);
+        } else {
+            mDevicePort = *port;
+            mHalEffect = new EffectModule(mMyCallback,
                                       const_cast<effect_descriptor_t *>(&mDescriptor),
                                       mMyCallback->newEffectId(), AUDIO_SESSION_DEVICE,
                                       false /* pinned */, port->id);
-        if (audio_is_input_device(mDevice.mType)) {
-            mHalEffect->setInputDevice(mDevice);
-        } else {
-            mHalEffect->setDevices({mDevice});
+            if (audio_is_input_device(mDevice.mType)) {
+                mHalEffect->setInputDevice(mDevice);
+            } else {
+                mHalEffect->setDevices({mDevice});
+            }
+            mHalEffect->configure_l();
         }
-        mHalEffect->configure();
-
         *handle = new EffectHandle(mHalEffect, nullptr, nullptr, 0 /*priority*/,
                                    mNotifyFramesProcessed);
         status = (*handle)->initCheck();
@@ -3470,6 +3544,23 @@
     return mManagerCallback->removeEffectFromHal(&mDevicePort, effect);
 }
 
+status_t DeviceEffectProxy::command(
+        int32_t cmdCode, const std::vector<uint8_t>& cmdData, int32_t maxReplySize,
+        std::vector<uint8_t>* reply) {
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(proxyMutex());
+    status_t status = EffectBase::command(cmdCode, cmdData, maxReplySize, reply);
+    if (status == NO_ERROR) {
+        for (auto& handle : mEffectHandles) {
+            sp<IAfEffectBase> effect = handle.second->effect().promote();
+            if (effect != nullptr) {
+                status = effect->command(cmdCode, cmdData, maxReplySize, reply);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    ALOGV("%s status %d", __func__, status);
+    return status;
+}
+
 bool DeviceEffectProxy::isOutput() const {
     if (mDevicePort.id != AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE) {
         return mDevicePort.role == AUDIO_PORT_ROLE_SINK;
@@ -3653,7 +3744,7 @@
     if (effect == nullptr) {
         return;
     }
-    effect->start();
+    effect->start_l();
 }
 
 void DeviceEffectProxy::ProxyCallback::onEffectDisable(
@@ -3662,7 +3753,7 @@
     if (effect == nullptr) {
         return;
     }
-    effect->stop();
+    effect->stop_l();
 }
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/Effects.h b/services/audioflinger/Effects.h
index 8869b69..6e34e9b 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/Effects.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/Effects.h
@@ -78,11 +78,11 @@
                         { return (mDescriptor.flags & EFFECT_FLAG_VOLUME_MASK)
                             == EFFECT_FLAG_VOLUME_MONITOR; }
 
-    status_t setEnabled(bool enabled, bool fromHandle) override;
-    status_t setEnabled_l(bool enabled) final;
+    status_t setEnabled(bool enabled, bool fromHandle) override EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex;
+    status_t setEnabled_l(bool enabled) final REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectBase_Mutex);
     bool isEnabled() const final;
-    void setSuspended(bool suspended) final;
-    bool suspended() const final;
+    void setSuspended(bool suspended) final EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex;
+    bool suspended() const final EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex;
 
     status_t command(int32_t __unused,
                              const std::vector<uint8_t>& __unused,
@@ -99,43 +99,47 @@
         return mCallback.load();
     }
 
-    status_t addHandle(IAfEffectHandle *handle) final;
-    ssize_t disconnectHandle(IAfEffectHandle *handle, bool unpinIfLast) final;
-    ssize_t removeHandle(IAfEffectHandle *handle) final;
-    ssize_t removeHandle_l(IAfEffectHandle *handle) final;
-    IAfEffectHandle* controlHandle_l() final;
-    bool purgeHandles() final;
+    status_t addHandle(IAfEffectHandle* handle) final EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex;
+    ssize_t disconnectHandle(IAfEffectHandle* handle,
+                             bool unpinIfLast) final EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex;
+    ssize_t removeHandle(IAfEffectHandle* handle) final EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex;
+    ssize_t removeHandle_l(IAfEffectHandle* handle) final REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectBase_Mutex);
+    IAfEffectHandle* controlHandle_l() final REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectBase_Mutex);
+    bool purgeHandles() final EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex;
 
-    void             checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled(bool enabled, bool threadLocked) final;
+    void checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled(bool enabled, bool threadLocked) final;
 
-    bool             isPinned() const final { return mPinned; }
-    void             unPin() final { mPinned = false; }
+    bool isPinned() const final { return mPinned; }
+    void unPin() final { mPinned = false; }
 
-    audio_utils::mutex& mutex() const final { return mMutex; }
+    audio_utils::mutex& mutex() const final
+            RETURN_CAPABILITY(android::audio_utils::EffectBase_Mutex) {
+        return mMutex;
+    }
 
-    status_t         updatePolicyState() final;
+    status_t updatePolicyState() final EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex;
 
     sp<IAfEffectModule> asEffectModule() override { return nullptr; }
     sp<IAfDeviceEffectProxy> asDeviceEffectProxy() override { return nullptr; }
 
-    void             dump(int fd, const Vector<String16>& args) const override;
+    void dump(int fd, const Vector<String16>& args) const override;
 
 protected:
-    bool             isInternal_l() const {
-                         for (auto handle : mHandles) {
-                            if (handle->client() != nullptr) {
-                                return false;
-                            }
-                         }
-                         return true;
-                     }
+    bool isInternal_l() const REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectBase_Mutex) {
+        for (auto handle : mHandles) {
+            if (handle->client() != nullptr) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
 
     bool             mPinned = false;
 
     DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(EffectBase);
 
     // mutex for process, commands and handles list protection
-    mutable audio_utils::mutex mMutex;
+    mutable audio_utils::mutex mMutex{audio_utils::MutexOrder::kEffectBase_Mutex};
     mediautils::atomic_sp<EffectCallbackInterface> mCallback; // parent effect chain
     const int                 mId;        // this instance unique ID
     const audio_session_t     mSessionId; // audio session ID
@@ -150,8 +154,11 @@
     // Audio policy effect state management
     // Mutex protecting transactions with audio policy manager as mutex() cannot
     // be held to avoid cross deadlocks with audio policy mutex
-    audio_utils::mutex& policyMutex() const { return mPolicyMutex; }
-    mutable audio_utils::mutex mPolicyMutex;
+    audio_utils::mutex& policyMutex() const
+            RETURN_CAPABILITY(android::audio_utils::EffectBase_PolicyMutex) {
+        return mPolicyMutex;
+    }
+    mutable audio_utils::mutex mPolicyMutex{audio_utils::MutexOrder::kEffectBase_PolicyMutex};
     // Effect is registered in APM or not
     bool                      mPolicyRegistered = false;
     // Effect enabled state communicated to APM. Enabled state corresponds to
@@ -175,25 +182,23 @@
                     int id,
                     audio_session_t sessionId,
                     bool pinned,
-                    audio_port_handle_t deviceId);
-    ~EffectModule() override;
+                    audio_port_handle_t deviceId) REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex);
+    ~EffectModule() override REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex);
 
-    void process() final;
-    bool updateState() final;
-    status_t command(int32_t cmdCode,
-                     const std::vector<uint8_t>& cmdData,
-                     int32_t maxReplySize,
-                     std::vector<uint8_t>* reply) final;
+    void process() final EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex;
+    bool updateState_l() final REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex;
+    status_t command(int32_t cmdCode, const std::vector<uint8_t>& cmdData, int32_t maxReplySize,
+                     std::vector<uint8_t>* reply) final EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex;
 
-    void reset_l() final;
-    status_t configure() final;
-    status_t init() final;
+    void reset_l() final REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectBase_Mutex);
+    status_t configure_l() final REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex);
+    status_t init_l() final REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex;
     uint32_t status() const final {
         return mStatus;
     }
     bool isProcessEnabled() const final;
-    bool isOffloadedOrDirect() const final;
-    bool isVolumeControlEnabled() const final;
+    bool isOffloadedOrDirect_l() const final REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex);
+    bool isVolumeControlEnabled_l() const final REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex);
     void setInBuffer(const sp<EffectBufferHalInterface>& buffer) final;
     int16_t *inBuffer() const final {
         return mInBuffer != 0 ? reinterpret_cast<int16_t*>(mInBuffer->ptr()) : NULL;
@@ -203,34 +208,42 @@
         return mOutBuffer != 0 ? reinterpret_cast<int16_t*>(mOutBuffer->ptr()) : NULL;
     }
     // Updates the access mode if it is out of date.  May issue a new effect configure.
-    void updateAccessMode() final {
-                    if (requiredEffectBufferAccessMode() != mConfig.outputCfg.accessMode) {
-                        configure();
-                    }
-                }
-    status_t setDevices(const AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector &devices) final;
-    status_t setInputDevice(const AudioDeviceTypeAddr &device) final;
+    void updateAccessMode_l() final REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex) {
+        if (requiredEffectBufferAccessMode() != mConfig.outputCfg.accessMode) {
+            configure_l();
+        }
+    }
+    status_t setDevices(const AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector& devices) final EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex;
+    status_t setInputDevice(const AudioDeviceTypeAddr& device) final EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex;
     status_t setVolume(uint32_t *left, uint32_t *right, bool controller) final;
-    status_t setMode(audio_mode_t mode) final;
-    status_t setAudioSource(audio_source_t source) final;
-    status_t start() final;
-    status_t stop() final;
+    status_t setMode(audio_mode_t mode) final EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex;
+    status_t setAudioSource(audio_source_t source) final EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex;
+    status_t start_l() final REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex;
+    status_t stop_l() final REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex;
 
-    status_t setOffloaded(bool offloaded, audio_io_handle_t io) final;
-    bool isOffloaded() const final;
-    void addEffectToHal_l() final;
-    void release_l() final;
+    status_t setOffloaded_l(bool offloaded, audio_io_handle_t io) final
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex;
+    bool isOffloaded_l() const final
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex;
+    void addEffectToHal_l() final REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex);
+    void release_l() final REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex);
 
     sp<IAfEffectModule> asEffectModule() final { return this; }
 
     bool isHapticGenerator() const final;
+    bool isSpatializer() const final;
 
-    status_t setHapticIntensity(int id, os::HapticScale intensity) final;
-    status_t setVibratorInfo(const media::AudioVibratorInfo& vibratorInfo) final;
+    status_t setHapticIntensity_l(int id, os::HapticScale intensity) final
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex;
+    status_t setVibratorInfo_l(const media::AudioVibratorInfo& vibratorInfo) final
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex;
+    status_t sendMetadata_ll(const std::vector<playback_track_metadata_v7_t>& metadata) final
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex,
+                     audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex;
 
-    status_t getConfigs(audio_config_base_t* inputCfg,
-                                audio_config_base_t* outputCfg,
-                                bool* isOutput) const final;
+    status_t getConfigs_l(audio_config_base_t* inputCfg, audio_config_base_t* outputCfg,
+                          bool* isOutput) const final
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectHandle_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex;
 
     void dump(int fd, const Vector<String16>& args) const final;
 
@@ -241,9 +254,9 @@
 
     DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(EffectModule);
 
-    status_t start_l();
-    status_t stop_l();
-    status_t removeEffectFromHal_l();
+    status_t start_ll() REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex, audio_utils::EffectBase_Mutex);
+    status_t stop_ll() REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex, audio_utils::EffectBase_Mutex);
+    status_t removeEffectFromHal_l() REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex);
     status_t sendSetAudioDevicesCommand(const AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector &devices, uint32_t cmdCode);
     effect_buffer_access_e requiredEffectBufferAccessMode() const {
         return mConfig.inputCfg.buffer.raw == mConfig.outputCfg.buffer.raw
@@ -366,8 +379,11 @@
 private:
     DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(EffectHandle);
 
-    audio_utils::mutex& mutex() const { return mMutex; }
-    mutable audio_utils::mutex mMutex; // protects IEffect method calls
+    audio_utils::mutex& mutex() const RETURN_CAPABILITY(android::audio_utils::EffectHandle_Mutex) {
+        return mMutex;
+    }
+    // protects IEffect method calls
+    mutable audio_utils::mutex mMutex{audio_utils::MutexOrder::kEffectHandle_Mutex};
     const wp<IAfEffectBase> mEffect;               // pointer to controlled EffectModule
     const sp<media::IEffectClient> mEffectClient;  // callback interface for client notifications
     /*const*/ sp<Client> mClient;            // client for shared memory allocation, see
@@ -398,34 +414,43 @@
 public:
     EffectChain(const sp<IAfThreadBase>& thread, audio_session_t sessionId);
 
-    void process_l() final;
+    void process_l() final REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex);
 
-    audio_utils::mutex& mutex() const final { return mMutex; }
+    audio_utils::mutex& mutex() const final RETURN_CAPABILITY(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex) {
+        return mMutex;
+    }
 
-    status_t createEffect_l(sp<IAfEffectModule>& effect,
-                            effect_descriptor_t *desc,
-                            int id,
-                            audio_session_t sessionId,
-                            bool pinned) final;
-    status_t addEffect_l(const sp<IAfEffectModule>& handle) final;
-    status_t addEffect_ll(const sp<IAfEffectModule>& handle) final;
-    size_t removeEffect_l(const sp<IAfEffectModule>& handle, bool release = false) final;
+    status_t createEffect_l(sp<IAfEffectModule>& effect, effect_descriptor_t* desc, int id,
+                            audio_session_t sessionId, bool pinned) final
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectChain_Mutex;
+    status_t addEffect_l(const sp<IAfEffectModule>& handle) final
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectChain_Mutex;
+    status_t addEffect_ll(const sp<IAfEffectModule>& handle) final
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex, audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex);
+    size_t removeEffect_l(const sp<IAfEffectModule>& handle, bool release = false) final
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectChain_Mutex;
 
     audio_session_t sessionId() const final { return mSessionId; }
     void setSessionId(audio_session_t sessionId) final { mSessionId = sessionId; }
 
-    sp<IAfEffectModule> getEffectFromDesc_l(effect_descriptor_t *descriptor) const final;
-    sp<IAfEffectModule> getEffectFromId_l(int id) const final;
-    sp<IAfEffectModule> getEffectFromType_l(const effect_uuid_t *type) const final;
-    std::vector<int> getEffectIds() const final;
+    sp<IAfEffectModule> getEffectFromDesc_l(effect_descriptor_t* descriptor) const final
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex);
+    sp<IAfEffectModule> getEffectFromId_l(int id) const final
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex);
+    sp<IAfEffectModule> getEffectFromType_l(const effect_uuid_t* type) const final
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex);
+    std::vector<int> getEffectIds_l() const final REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex);
     // FIXME use float to improve the dynamic range
 
-    bool setVolume_l(uint32_t *left, uint32_t *right, bool force = false) final;
-    void resetVolume_l() final;
-    void setDevices_l(const AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector &devices) final;
-    void setInputDevice_l(const AudioDeviceTypeAddr &device) final;
-    void setMode_l(audio_mode_t mode) final;
-    void setAudioSource_l(audio_source_t source) final;
+    bool setVolume(uint32_t* left, uint32_t* right,
+                   bool force = false) final EXCLUDES_EffectChain_Mutex;
+    void resetVolume_l() final REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex);
+    void setDevices_l(const AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector& devices) final
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex);
+    void setInputDevice_l(const AudioDeviceTypeAddr& device) final
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex);
+    void setMode_l(audio_mode_t mode) final REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex);
+    void setAudioSource_l(audio_source_t source) final REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex);
 
     void setInBuffer(const sp<EffectBufferHalInterface>& buffer) final {
         mInBuffer = buffer;
@@ -456,21 +481,22 @@
 
     // suspend or restore effects of the specified type. The number of suspend requests is counted
     // and restore occurs once all suspend requests are cancelled.
-    void setEffectSuspended_l(const effect_uuid_t *type,
-                              bool suspend) final;
+    void setEffectSuspended_l(const effect_uuid_t* type, bool suspend) final
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex);
     // suspend all eligible effects
-    void setEffectSuspendedAll_l(bool suspend) final;
+    void setEffectSuspendedAll_l(bool suspend) final REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex);
     // check if effects should be suspended or restored when a given effect is enable or disabled
-    void checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled(
-            const sp<IAfEffectModule>& effect, bool enabled) final;
+    void checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled_l(const sp<IAfEffectModule>& effect, bool enabled) final
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex);
 
-    void clearInputBuffer() final;
+    void clearInputBuffer() final EXCLUDES_EffectChain_Mutex;
 
     // At least one non offloadable effect in the chain is enabled
-    bool isNonOffloadableEnabled() const final;
-    bool isNonOffloadableEnabled_l() const final;
+    bool isNonOffloadableEnabled() const final EXCLUDES_EffectChain_Mutex;
+    bool isNonOffloadableEnabled_l() const final REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex);
 
-    void syncHalEffectsState() final;
+    void syncHalEffectsState_l()
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectChain_Mutex final;
 
     // flags is an ORed set of audio_output_flags_t which is updated on return.
     void checkOutputFlagCompatibility(audio_output_flags_t *flags) const final;
@@ -489,12 +515,13 @@
 
     // isCompatibleWithThread_l() must be called with thread->mutex() held
     bool isCompatibleWithThread_l(const sp<IAfThreadBase>& thread) const final
-            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex);
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectChain_Mutex;
 
     // Requires either IAfThreadBase::mutex() or EffectChain::mutex() held
     bool containsHapticGeneratingEffect_l() final;
 
-    void setHapticIntensity_l(int id, os::HapticScale intensity) final;
+    void setHapticIntensity_l(int id, os::HapticScale intensity) final
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectChain_Mutex;
 
     sp<EffectCallbackInterface> effectCallback() const final { return mEffectCallback; }
 
@@ -512,9 +539,15 @@
         return mEffects[index];
     }
 
-    void setThread(const sp<IAfThreadBase>& thread) final;
+    void sendMetadata_l(const std::vector<playback_track_metadata_v7_t>& allMetadata,
+        const std::optional<const std::vector<playback_track_metadata_v7_t>> spatializedMetadata)
+            final REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex);
 
-private:
+    void setThread(const sp<IAfThreadBase>& thread) final EXCLUDES_EffectChain_Mutex;
+
+  private:
+    bool setVolume_l(uint32_t* left, uint32_t* right, bool force = false)
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex);
 
     // For transaction consistency, please consider holding the EffectChain lock before
     // calling the EffectChain::EffectCallback methods, excepting
@@ -561,9 +594,10 @@
         void setVolumeForOutput(float left, float right) const override;
 
         // check if effects should be suspended/restored when a given effect is enable/disabled
-        void checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled(const sp<IAfEffectBase>& effect,
-                              bool enabled, bool threadLocked) override;
-        void resetVolume() override;
+        void checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled(const sp<IAfEffectBase>& effect, bool enabled,
+                                         bool threadLocked) override;
+        void resetVolume_l() override
+                REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex, audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex);
         product_strategy_t strategy() const override;
         int32_t activeTrackCnt() const override;
         void onEffectEnable(const sp<IAfEffectBase>& effect) override;
@@ -603,29 +637,37 @@
 
     // get a list of effect modules to suspend when an effect of the type
     // passed is enabled.
-    void  getSuspendEligibleEffects(Vector<sp<IAfEffectModule>> &effects);
+    void getSuspendEligibleEffects_l(Vector<sp<IAfEffectModule>>& effects)
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex);
 
     // get an effect module if it is currently enable
-    sp<IAfEffectModule> getEffectIfEnabled(const effect_uuid_t *type);
+    sp<IAfEffectModule> getEffectIfEnabled_l(const effect_uuid_t* type)
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex);
     // true if the effect whose descriptor is passed can be suspended
     // OEMs can modify the rules implemented in this method to exclude specific effect
     // types or implementations from the suspend/restore mechanism.
-    bool isEffectEligibleForSuspend(const effect_descriptor_t& desc);
+    bool isEffectEligibleForSuspend_l(const effect_descriptor_t& desc)
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex);
 
-    static bool isEffectEligibleForBtNrecSuspend(const effect_uuid_t *type);
+    static bool isEffectEligibleForBtNrecSuspend_l(const effect_uuid_t* type)
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex);
 
-    void clearInputBuffer_l();
+    void clearInputBuffer_l() REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex);
 
     // true if any effect module within the chain has volume control
-    bool hasVolumeControlEnabled_l() const;
+    bool hasVolumeControlEnabled_l() const REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex);
 
-    void setVolumeForOutput_l(uint32_t left, uint32_t right);
+    void setVolumeForOutput_l(uint32_t left, uint32_t right)
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex);
 
-    ssize_t getInsertIndex(const effect_descriptor_t& desc);
+    ssize_t getInsertIndex_ll(const effect_descriptor_t& desc)
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex, audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex);
 
-    std::optional<size_t> findVolumeControl_l(size_t from, size_t to) const;
+    std::optional<size_t> findVolumeControl_l(size_t from, size_t to) const
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex);
 
-    mutable audio_utils::mutex mMutex; // mutex protecting effect list
+    // mutex protecting effect list
+    mutable audio_utils::mutex mMutex{audio_utils::MutexOrder::kEffectChain_Mutex};
              Vector<sp<IAfEffectModule>> mEffects; // list of effect modules
              audio_session_t mSessionId; // audio session ID
              sp<EffectBufferHalInterface> mInBuffer;  // chain input buffer
@@ -666,11 +708,14 @@
     status_t setEnabled(bool enabled, bool fromHandle) final;
     sp<IAfDeviceEffectProxy> asDeviceEffectProxy() final { return this; }
 
-    status_t init(const std::map<audio_patch_handle_t,
-            IAfPatchPanel::Patch>& patches) final;
+    status_t init_l(const std::map<audio_patch_handle_t, IAfPatchPanel::Patch>& patches) final
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::DeviceEffectManager_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex;
 
     status_t onCreatePatch(audio_patch_handle_t patchHandle,
-            const IAfPatchPanel::Patch& patch) final;
+                           const IAfPatchPanel::Patch& patch) final;
+
+    status_t onUpdatePatch(audio_patch_handle_t oldPatchHandle, audio_patch_handle_t newPatchHandle,
+           const IAfPatchPanel::Patch& patch) final;
 
     void onReleasePatch(audio_patch_handle_t patchHandle) final;
 
@@ -685,6 +730,9 @@
     audio_channel_mask_t channelMask() const final;
     uint32_t channelCount() const final;
 
+    status_t command(int32_t cmdCode, const std::vector<uint8_t>& cmdData, int32_t maxReplySize,
+                     std::vector<uint8_t>* reply) final EXCLUDES_DeviceEffectProxy_ProxyMutex;
+
     void dump2(int fd, int spaces) const final;
 
 private:
@@ -729,7 +777,7 @@
 
         void checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled(const sp<IAfEffectBase>& effect __unused,
                               bool enabled __unused, bool threadLocked __unused) override {}
-        void resetVolume() override {}
+        void resetVolume_l() override REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex) {}
         product_strategy_t strategy() const override  { return static_cast<product_strategy_t>(0); }
         int32_t activeTrackCnt() const override { return 0; }
         void onEffectEnable(const sp<IAfEffectBase>& effect __unused) override;
@@ -749,14 +797,18 @@
     };
 
     status_t checkPort(const IAfPatchPanel::Patch& patch,
-            const struct audio_port_config *port, sp<IAfEffectHandle> *handle);
+            const struct audio_port_config* port, sp<IAfEffectHandle>* handle);
 
     const AudioDeviceTypeAddr mDevice;
     const sp<DeviceEffectManagerCallback> mManagerCallback;
     const sp<ProxyCallback> mMyCallback;
 
-    audio_utils::mutex& proxyMutex() const { return mProxyMutex; }
-    mutable audio_utils::mutex mProxyMutex;
+    audio_utils::mutex& proxyMutex() const
+            RETURN_CAPABILITY(android::audio_utils::DeviceEffectProxy_ProxyMutex) {
+        return mProxyMutex;
+    }
+    mutable audio_utils::mutex mProxyMutex{
+            audio_utils::MutexOrder::kDeviceEffectProxy_ProxyMutex};
     std::map<audio_patch_handle_t, sp<IAfEffectHandle>> mEffectHandles; // protected by mProxyMutex
     sp<IAfEffectModule> mHalEffect; // protected by mProxyMutex
     struct audio_port_config mDevicePort = { .id = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE };
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/IAfEffect.h b/services/audioflinger/IAfEffect.h
index ea0c6d9..82436a3 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/IAfEffect.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/IAfEffect.h
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
     // Methods usually implemented with help from EffectChain: pay attention to mutex locking order
     virtual product_strategy_t strategy() const = 0;
     virtual int32_t activeTrackCnt() const = 0;
-    virtual void resetVolume() = 0;
+    virtual void resetVolume_l() REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex) = 0;
     virtual wp<IAfEffectChain> chain() const = 0;
     virtual bool isAudioPolicyReady() const = 0;
 };
@@ -106,43 +106,45 @@
     virtual bool isOffloadable() const = 0;
     virtual bool isImplementationSoftware() const = 0;
     virtual bool isProcessImplemented() const = 0;
-    virtual bool isVolumeControl() const = 0;
+    virtual bool isVolumeControl() const REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex) = 0;
     virtual bool isVolumeMonitor() const = 0;
     virtual bool isEnabled() const = 0;
     virtual bool isPinned() const = 0;
     virtual void unPin() = 0;
-    virtual status_t updatePolicyState() = 0;
-    virtual bool purgeHandles() = 0;
+    virtual status_t updatePolicyState() EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex = 0;
+    virtual bool purgeHandles() EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex = 0;
     virtual void checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled(bool enabled, bool threadLocked) = 0;
 
     // mCallback is atomic so this can be lock-free.
     virtual void setCallback(const sp<EffectCallbackInterface>& callback) = 0;
     virtual sp<EffectCallbackInterface> getCallback() const = 0;
 
-    virtual status_t addHandle(IAfEffectHandle *handle) = 0;
-    virtual ssize_t removeHandle(IAfEffectHandle *handle) = 0;
+    virtual status_t addHandle(IAfEffectHandle* handle) EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex = 0;
+    virtual ssize_t removeHandle(IAfEffectHandle* handle) EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex = 0;
 
     virtual sp<IAfEffectModule> asEffectModule() = 0;
     virtual sp<IAfDeviceEffectProxy> asDeviceEffectProxy() = 0;
 
+    virtual status_t command(int32_t cmdCode, const std::vector<uint8_t>& cmdData,
+                             int32_t maxReplySize, std::vector<uint8_t>* reply)
+            EXCLUDES(audio_utils::EffectBase_Mutex) = 0;
+
     virtual void dump(int fd, const Vector<String16>& args) const = 0;
 
 private:
-    virtual status_t setEnabled(bool enabled, bool fromHandle) = 0;
-    virtual status_t setEnabled_l(bool enabled) = 0;
-    virtual void setSuspended(bool suspended) = 0;
-    virtual bool suspended() const = 0;
+    virtual status_t setEnabled(bool enabled, bool fromHandle) EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex = 0;
+    virtual status_t setEnabled_l(bool enabled) REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectBase_Mutex) = 0;
+    virtual void setSuspended(bool suspended) EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex = 0;
+    virtual bool suspended() const EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex = 0;
 
-    virtual status_t command(int32_t cmdCode,
-            const std::vector<uint8_t>& cmdData,
-            int32_t maxReplySize,
-            std::vector<uint8_t>* reply) = 0;
+    virtual ssize_t disconnectHandle(IAfEffectHandle* handle,
+                                     bool unpinIfLast) EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex = 0;
+    virtual ssize_t removeHandle_l(IAfEffectHandle* handle)
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectBase_Mutex) = 0;
+    virtual IAfEffectHandle* controlHandle_l() REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectBase_Mutex) = 0;
 
-    virtual ssize_t disconnectHandle(IAfEffectHandle *handle, bool unpinIfLast) = 0;
-    virtual ssize_t removeHandle_l(IAfEffectHandle *handle) = 0;
-    virtual IAfEffectHandle* controlHandle_l() = 0;
-
-    virtual audio_utils::mutex& mutex() const = 0;
+    virtual audio_utils::mutex& mutex() const
+            RETURN_CAPABILITY(android::audio_utils::EffectBase_Mutex) = 0;
 };
 
 class IAfEffectModule : public virtual IAfEffectBase {
@@ -162,41 +164,51 @@
     virtual status_t setDevices(const AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector &devices) = 0;
     virtual status_t setInputDevice(const AudioDeviceTypeAddr &device) = 0;
     virtual status_t setVolume(uint32_t *left, uint32_t *right, bool controller) = 0;
-    virtual status_t setOffloaded(bool offloaded, audio_io_handle_t io) = 0;
-    virtual bool isOffloaded() const = 0;
+    virtual status_t setOffloaded_l(bool offloaded, audio_io_handle_t io) = 0;
+    virtual bool isOffloaded_l() const = 0;
 
     virtual status_t setAudioSource(audio_source_t source) = 0;
     virtual status_t setMode(audio_mode_t mode) = 0;
 
-    virtual status_t start() = 0;
-    virtual status_t getConfigs(audio_config_base_t* inputCfg,
-            audio_config_base_t* outputCfg,
-            bool* isOutput) const = 0;
+    virtual status_t start_l() = 0;
+    virtual status_t getConfigs_l(audio_config_base_t* inputCfg, audio_config_base_t* outputCfg,
+                                  bool* isOutput) const
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectHandle_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex = 0;
 
     static bool isHapticGenerator(const effect_uuid_t* type);
     virtual bool isHapticGenerator() const = 0;
-    virtual status_t setHapticIntensity(int id, os::HapticScale intensity) = 0;
-    virtual status_t setVibratorInfo(const media::AudioVibratorInfo& vibratorInfo) = 0;
+    static bool isSpatializer(const effect_uuid_t* type);
+    virtual bool isSpatializer() const = 0;
+
+    virtual status_t setHapticIntensity_l(int id, os::HapticScale intensity)
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex = 0;
+    virtual status_t setVibratorInfo_l(const media::AudioVibratorInfo& vibratorInfo)
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex = 0;
+    virtual status_t sendMetadata_ll(const std::vector<playback_track_metadata_v7_t>& metadata)
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex,
+                     audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex = 0;
 
 private:
     virtual void process() = 0;
-    virtual bool updateState() = 0;
-    virtual void reset_l() = 0;
-    virtual status_t configure() = 0;
-    virtual status_t init() = 0;
+    virtual bool updateState_l()
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex = 0;
+    virtual void reset_l() REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex) = 0;
+    virtual status_t configure_l() REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex) = 0;
+    virtual status_t init_l()
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex = 0;
     virtual uint32_t status() const = 0;
     virtual bool isProcessEnabled() const = 0;
-    virtual bool isOffloadedOrDirect() const = 0;
-    virtual bool isVolumeControlEnabled() const = 0;
+    virtual bool isOffloadedOrDirect_l() const REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex) = 0;
+    virtual bool isVolumeControlEnabled_l() const REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex) = 0;
 
     virtual void setInBuffer(const sp<EffectBufferHalInterface>& buffer) = 0;
     virtual void setOutBuffer(const sp<EffectBufferHalInterface>& buffer) = 0;
     virtual int16_t *outBuffer() const = 0;
 
     // Updates the access mode if it is out of date.  May issue a new effect configure.
-    virtual void updateAccessMode() = 0;
+    virtual void updateAccessMode_l() = 0;
 
-    virtual status_t stop() = 0;
+    virtual status_t stop_l() = 0;
     virtual void addEffectToHal_l() = 0;
     virtual void release_l() = 0;
 };
@@ -216,33 +228,41 @@
     // a session is stopped or removed to allow effect tail to be rendered
     static constexpr int kProcessTailDurationMs = 1000;
 
-    virtual void process_l() = 0;
+    virtual void process_l() REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex) = 0;
 
-    virtual audio_utils::mutex& mutex() const = 0;
+    virtual audio_utils::mutex& mutex() const RETURN_CAPABILITY(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex) = 0;
 
-    virtual status_t createEffect_l(sp<IAfEffectModule>& effect,
-                            effect_descriptor_t *desc,
-                            int id,
-                            audio_session_t sessionId,
-                            bool pinned) = 0;
+    virtual status_t createEffect_l(sp<IAfEffectModule>& effect, effect_descriptor_t* desc, int id,
+                                    audio_session_t sessionId, bool pinned)
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectChain_Mutex = 0;
 
-    virtual status_t addEffect_l(const sp<IAfEffectModule>& handle) = 0;
-    virtual status_t addEffect_ll(const sp<IAfEffectModule>& handle) = 0;
-    virtual size_t removeEffect_l(const sp<IAfEffectModule>& handle, bool release = false) = 0;
+    virtual status_t addEffect_l(const sp<IAfEffectModule>& handle)
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectChain_Mutex = 0;
+    virtual status_t addEffect_ll(const sp<IAfEffectModule>& handle)
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex, audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex) = 0;
+    virtual size_t removeEffect_l(const sp<IAfEffectModule>& handle,
+                                  bool release = false) EXCLUDES_EffectChain_Mutex = 0;
 
     virtual audio_session_t sessionId() const = 0;
     virtual void setSessionId(audio_session_t sessionId) = 0;
 
-    virtual sp<IAfEffectModule> getEffectFromDesc_l(effect_descriptor_t *descriptor) const = 0;
-    virtual sp<IAfEffectModule> getEffectFromId_l(int id) const = 0;
-    virtual sp<IAfEffectModule> getEffectFromType_l(const effect_uuid_t *type) const = 0;
-    virtual std::vector<int> getEffectIds() const = 0;
-    virtual bool setVolume_l(uint32_t *left, uint32_t *right, bool force = false) = 0;
-    virtual void resetVolume_l() = 0;
-    virtual void setDevices_l(const AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector &devices) = 0;
-    virtual void setInputDevice_l(const AudioDeviceTypeAddr &device) = 0;
-    virtual void setMode_l(audio_mode_t mode) = 0;
-    virtual void setAudioSource_l(audio_source_t source) = 0;
+    virtual sp<IAfEffectModule> getEffectFromDesc_l(effect_descriptor_t* descriptor) const
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) = 0;
+    virtual sp<IAfEffectModule> getEffectFromId_l(int id) const
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) = 0;
+    virtual sp<IAfEffectModule> getEffectFromType_l(const effect_uuid_t* type) const
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) = 0;
+    virtual std::vector<int> getEffectIds_l() const = 0;
+    virtual bool setVolume(uint32_t* left, uint32_t* right,
+                           bool force = false) EXCLUDES_EffectChain_Mutex = 0;
+    virtual void resetVolume_l() REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex) = 0;
+    virtual void setDevices_l(const AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector& devices)
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) = 0;
+    virtual void setInputDevice_l(const AudioDeviceTypeAddr& device)
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) = 0;
+    virtual void setMode_l(audio_mode_t mode) REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) = 0;
+    virtual void setAudioSource_l(audio_source_t source)
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) = 0;
 
     virtual void setInBuffer(const sp<EffectBufferHalInterface>& buffer) = 0;
     virtual float *inBuffer() const = 0;
@@ -262,20 +282,21 @@
 
     // suspend or restore effects of the specified type. The number of suspend requests is counted
     // and restore occurs once all suspend requests are cancelled.
-    virtual void setEffectSuspended_l(
-            const effect_uuid_t *type, bool suspend) = 0;
+    virtual void setEffectSuspended_l(const effect_uuid_t* type, bool suspend) = 0;
     // suspend all eligible effects
     virtual void setEffectSuspendedAll_l(bool suspend) = 0;
     // check if effects should be suspended or restored when a given effect is enable or disabled
-    virtual void checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled(const sp<IAfEffectModule>& effect, bool enabled) = 0;
+    virtual void checkSuspendOnEffectEnabled_l(const sp<IAfEffectModule>& effect, bool enabled)
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) = 0;
 
-    virtual void clearInputBuffer() = 0;
+    virtual void clearInputBuffer() EXCLUDES_EffectChain_Mutex = 0;
 
     // At least one non offloadable effect in the chain is enabled
-    virtual bool isNonOffloadableEnabled() const = 0;
-    virtual bool isNonOffloadableEnabled_l() const = 0;
+    virtual bool isNonOffloadableEnabled() const EXCLUDES_EffectChain_Mutex = 0;
+    virtual bool isNonOffloadableEnabled_l() const REQUIRES(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex) = 0;
 
-    virtual void syncHalEffectsState() = 0;
+    virtual void syncHalEffectsState_l()
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectChain_Mutex = 0;
 
     // flags is an ORed set of audio_output_flags_t which is updated on return.
     virtual void checkOutputFlagCompatibility(audio_output_flags_t *flags) const = 0;
@@ -293,22 +314,28 @@
     virtual bool isBitPerfectCompatible() const = 0;
 
     // isCompatibleWithThread_l() must be called with thread->mLock held
-    virtual bool isCompatibleWithThread_l(const sp<IAfThreadBase>& thread) const = 0;
+    virtual bool isCompatibleWithThread_l(const sp<IAfThreadBase>& thread) const
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectChain_Mutex = 0;
 
     virtual bool containsHapticGeneratingEffect_l() = 0;
 
-    virtual void setHapticIntensity_l(int id, os::HapticScale intensity) = 0;
+    virtual void setHapticIntensity_l(int id, os::HapticScale intensity)
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectChain_Mutex = 0;
 
     virtual sp<EffectCallbackInterface> effectCallback() const = 0;
 
     virtual wp<IAfThreadBase> thread() const = 0;
-    virtual void setThread(const sp<IAfThreadBase>& thread) = 0;
+    virtual void setThread(const sp<IAfThreadBase>& thread) EXCLUDES_EffectChain_Mutex = 0;
 
     virtual bool isFirstEffect(int id) const = 0;
 
     virtual size_t numberOfEffects() const = 0;
     virtual sp<IAfEffectModule> getEffectModule(size_t index) const = 0;
 
+    // sendMetadata_l() must be called with thread->mLock held
+    virtual void sendMetadata_l(const std::vector<playback_track_metadata_v7_t>& allMetadata,
+        const std::optional<const std::vector<playback_track_metadata_v7_t>> spatializedMetadata);
+
     virtual void dump(int fd, const Vector<String16>& args) const = 0;
 };
 
@@ -352,14 +379,16 @@
                 const sp<DeviceEffectManagerCallback>& callback,
                 effect_descriptor_t *desc, int id, bool notifyFramesProcessed);
 
-    virtual status_t init(
-            const std::map<audio_patch_handle_t,
-            IAfPatchPanel::Patch>& patches) = 0;
+    virtual status_t init_l(const std::map<audio_patch_handle_t, IAfPatchPanel::Patch>& patches)
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::DeviceEffectManager_Mutex) EXCLUDES_EffectBase_Mutex = 0;
     virtual const AudioDeviceTypeAddr& device() const = 0;
 
     virtual status_t onCreatePatch(
             audio_patch_handle_t patchHandle,
             const IAfPatchPanel::Patch& patch) = 0;
+    virtual status_t onUpdatePatch(audio_patch_handle_t oldPatchHandle,
+            audio_patch_handle_t newPatchHandle,
+            const IAfPatchPanel::Patch& patch) = 0;
     virtual void onReleasePatch(audio_patch_handle_t patchHandle) = 0;
 
     virtual void dump2(int fd, int spaces) const = 0; // TODO(b/291319101) naming?
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/IAfThread.h b/services/audioflinger/IAfThread.h
index 5a7429d..d701288 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/IAfThread.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/IAfThread.h
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@
     // integrity of the chains during the process.
     // Also sets the parameter 'effectChains' to current value of mEffectChains.
     virtual void lockEffectChains_l(Vector<sp<IAfEffectChain>>& effectChains)
-            REQUIRES(mutex()) = 0;
+            REQUIRES(mutex()) EXCLUDES_EffectChain_Mutex = 0;
     // unlock effect chains after process
     virtual void unlockEffectChains(const Vector<sp<IAfEffectChain>>& effectChains)
             EXCLUDES_ThreadBase_Mutex = 0;
@@ -386,6 +386,12 @@
             const effect_uuid_t* type, bool suspend, audio_session_t sessionId)
             REQUIRES(mutex()) = 0;
 
+    // Wait while the Thread is busy.  This is done to ensure that
+    // the Thread is not busy releasing the Tracks, during which the Thread mutex
+    // may be temporarily unlocked.  Some Track methods will use this method to
+    // avoid races.
+    virtual void waitWhileThreadBusy_l(audio_utils::unique_lock& ul)
+            REQUIRES(mutex()) = 0;
     // Dynamic cast to derived interface
     virtual sp<IAfDirectOutputThread> asIAfDirectOutputThread() { return nullptr; }
     virtual sp<IAfDuplicatingThread> asIAfDuplicatingThread() { return nullptr; }
@@ -455,7 +461,8 @@
             audio_port_handle_t portId,
             const sp<media::IAudioTrackCallback>& callback,
             bool isSpatialized,
-            bool isBitPerfect)
+            bool isBitPerfect,
+            audio_output_flags_t* afTrackFlags)
             REQUIRES(audio_utils::AudioFlinger_Mutex) = 0;
 
     virtual status_t addTrack_l(const sp<IAfTrack>& track) REQUIRES(mutex()) = 0;
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/IAfTrack.h b/services/audioflinger/IAfTrack.h
index 2302e13..ac4ed36 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/IAfTrack.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/IAfTrack.h
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 #include <android/media/BnAudioRecord.h>
 #include <android/media/BnAudioTrack.h>
+#include <audio_utils/mutex.h>
 #include <audiomanager/IAudioManager.h>
 #include <binder/IMemory.h>
 #include <fastpath/FastMixerDumpState.h>
@@ -351,7 +352,8 @@
     virtual sp<os::ExternalVibration> getExternalVibration() const = 0;
 
     // This function should be called with holding thread lock.
-    virtual void updateTeePatches_l() = 0;
+    virtual void updateTeePatches_l() REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex)
+            EXCLUDES_BELOW_ThreadBase_Mutex = 0;
 
     // Argument teePatchesToUpdate is by value, use std::move to optimize.
     virtual void setTeePatchesToUpdate_l(TeePatches teePatchesToUpdate) = 0;
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/MelReporter.cpp b/services/audioflinger/MelReporter.cpp
index ef932ec..1d38306 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/MelReporter.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/MelReporter.cpp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 
 bool MelReporter::activateHalSoundDoseComputation(const std::string& module,
         const sp<DeviceHalInterface>& device) {
-    if (mSoundDoseManager->forceUseFrameworkMel()) {
+    if (mSoundDoseManager->isFrameworkMelForced()) {
         ALOGD("%s: Forcing use of internal MEL computation.", __func__);
         activateInternalSoundDoseComputation();
         return false;
@@ -233,7 +233,17 @@
 
     audio_utils::lock_guard _afl(mAfMelReporterCallback->mutex());  // AudioFlinger_Mutex
     audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mutex());
-    stopMelComputationForPatch_l(melPatch);
+    if (melPatch.csdActive) {
+        // only need to stop if patch was active
+        melPatch.csdActive = false;
+        stopMelComputationForPatch_l(melPatch);
+    }
+}
+
+void MelReporter::onUpdateAudioPatch(audio_patch_handle_t oldHandle,
+        audio_patch_handle_t newHandle, const IAfPatchPanel::Patch& patch) {
+    onReleaseAudioPatch(oldHandle);
+    onCreateAudioPatch(newHandle, patch);
 }
 
 sp<media::ISoundDose> MelReporter::getSoundDoseInterface(
@@ -297,6 +307,22 @@
 
 }
 
+void MelReporter::applyAllAudioPatches() {
+    ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+
+    std::vector<IAfPatchPanel::Patch> patchesCopy;
+    {
+        audio_utils::lock_guard _laf(mAfMelReporterCallback->mutex());
+        for (const auto& patch : mAfPatchPanel->patches_l()) {
+            patchesCopy.emplace_back(patch.second);
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (const auto& patch : patchesCopy) {
+        onCreateAudioPatch(patch.mHalHandle, patch);
+    }
+}
+
 std::optional<audio_patch_handle_t> MelReporter::activePatchStreamHandle_l(
         audio_io_handle_t streamHandle) {
     for(const auto& patchIt : mActiveMelPatches) {
@@ -308,7 +334,7 @@
 }
 
 bool MelReporter::useHalSoundDoseInterface_l() {
-    return !mSoundDoseManager->forceUseFrameworkMel() & mUseHalSoundDoseInterface;
+    return !mSoundDoseManager->isFrameworkMelForced() & mUseHalSoundDoseInterface;
 }
 
 std::string MelReporter::dump() {
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/MelReporter.h b/services/audioflinger/MelReporter.h
index ce89b24..0aeb225 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/MelReporter.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/MelReporter.h
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-constexpr static int kMaxTimestampDeltaInSec = 120;
-
 class IAfMelReporterCallback : public virtual RefBase {
 public:
     virtual audio_utils::mutex& mutex() const
@@ -45,8 +43,10 @@
 class MelReporter : public PatchCommandThread::PatchCommandListener,
                     public IMelReporterCallback {
 public:
-    explicit MelReporter(const sp<IAfMelReporterCallback>& afMelReporterCallback)
-        : mAfMelReporterCallback(afMelReporterCallback) {}
+    MelReporter(const sp<IAfMelReporterCallback>& afMelReporterCallback,
+                const sp<IAfPatchPanel>& afPatchPanel)
+        : mAfMelReporterCallback(afMelReporterCallback),
+          mAfPatchPanel(afPatchPanel) {}
 
     void onFirstRef() override;
 
@@ -80,15 +80,19 @@
 
     // IMelReporterCallback methods
     void stopMelComputationForDeviceId(audio_port_handle_t deviceId) final
-            EXCLUDES_MelReporter_Mutex;
+            EXCLUDES_AudioFlinger_Mutex EXCLUDES_MelReporter_Mutex;
     void startMelComputationForDeviceId(audio_port_handle_t deviceId) final
-            EXCLUDES_MelReporter_Mutex;
+            EXCLUDES_AudioFlinger_Mutex EXCLUDES_MelReporter_Mutex;
+    void applyAllAudioPatches() final EXCLUDES_AudioFlinger_Mutex EXCLUDES_MelReporter_Mutex;
 
     // PatchCommandListener methods
     void onCreateAudioPatch(audio_patch_handle_t handle,
             const IAfPatchPanel::Patch& patch) final
             EXCLUDES_AudioFlinger_Mutex;
     void onReleaseAudioPatch(audio_patch_handle_t handle) final EXCLUDES_AudioFlinger_Mutex;
+    void onUpdateAudioPatch(audio_patch_handle_t oldHandle,
+                            audio_patch_handle_t newHandle,
+            const IAfPatchPanel::Patch& patch) final EXCLUDES_AudioFlinger_Mutex;
 
     /**
      * The new metadata can determine whether we should compute MEL for the given thread.
@@ -128,6 +132,7 @@
     bool useHalSoundDoseInterface_l() REQUIRES(mutex());
 
     const sp<IAfMelReporterCallback> mAfMelReporterCallback;
+    const sp<IAfPatchPanel> mAfPatchPanel;
 
     /* const */ sp<SoundDoseManager> mSoundDoseManager;  // set onFirstRef
 
@@ -135,7 +140,7 @@
      * Lock for protecting the active mel patches. Do not mix with the AudioFlinger lock.
      * Locking order AudioFlinger::mutex() -> PatchCommandThread::mutex() -> MelReporter::mutex().
      */
-    mutable audio_utils::mutex mMutex;
+    mutable audio_utils::mutex mMutex{audio_utils::MutexOrder::kMelReporter_Mutex};
     std::unordered_map<audio_patch_handle_t, ActiveMelPatch> mActiveMelPatches
             GUARDED_BY(mutex());
     std::unordered_map<audio_port_handle_t, int> mActiveDevices GUARDED_BY(mutex());
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/PatchCommandThread.cpp b/services/audioflinger/PatchCommandThread.cpp
index f4c76d6..2cfefa0 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/PatchCommandThread.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/PatchCommandThread.cpp
@@ -58,6 +58,16 @@
     releaseAudioPatchCommand(handle);
 }
 
+void PatchCommandThread::updateAudioPatch(audio_patch_handle_t oldHandle,
+        audio_patch_handle_t newHandle, const IAfPatchPanel::Patch& patch) {
+    ALOGV("%s handle %d mHalHandle %d num sinks %d device sink %08x",
+            __func__, oldHandle, patch.mHalHandle,
+            patch.mAudioPatch.num_sinks,
+            patch.mAudioPatch.num_sinks > 0 ? patch.mAudioPatch.sinks[0].ext.device.type : 0);
+
+    updateAudioPatchCommand(oldHandle, newHandle, patch);
+}
+
 bool PatchCommandThread::threadLoop()
 {
     audio_utils::unique_lock _l(mutex());
@@ -103,6 +113,21 @@
                     }
                 }
                     break;
+                case UPDATE_AUDIO_PATCH: {
+                    const auto data = (UpdateAudioPatchData*) command->mData.get();
+                    ALOGV("%s processing update audio patch old handle %d new handle %d",
+                          __func__,
+                          data->mOldHandle, data->mNewHandle);
+
+                    for (const auto& listener : listenersCopy) {
+                        auto spListener = listener.promote();
+                        if (spListener) {
+                            spListener->onUpdateAudioPatch(data->mOldHandle,
+                                    data->mNewHandle, data->mPatch);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                    break;
                 default:
                     ALOGW("%s unknown command %d", __func__, command->mCommand);
                     break;
@@ -144,6 +169,16 @@
     sendCommand(command);
 }
 
+void PatchCommandThread::updateAudioPatchCommand(
+        audio_patch_handle_t oldHandle, audio_patch_handle_t newHandle,
+        const IAfPatchPanel::Patch& patch) {
+    sp<Command> command = sp<Command>::make(UPDATE_AUDIO_PATCH,
+                                           new UpdateAudioPatchData(oldHandle, newHandle, patch));
+    ALOGV("%s adding update patch old handle %d new handle %d mHalHandle %d.",
+            __func__, oldHandle, newHandle, patch.mHalHandle);
+    sendCommand(command);
+}
+
 void PatchCommandThread::exit() {
     ALOGV("%s", __func__);
     {
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/PatchCommandThread.h b/services/audioflinger/PatchCommandThread.h
index 8ca96f1..c316d8a 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/PatchCommandThread.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/PatchCommandThread.h
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
     enum {
         CREATE_AUDIO_PATCH,
         RELEASE_AUDIO_PATCH,
+        UPDATE_AUDIO_PATCH,
     };
 
     class PatchCommandListener : public virtual RefBase {
@@ -45,6 +46,9 @@
         virtual void onCreateAudioPatch(audio_patch_handle_t handle,
                                         const IAfPatchPanel::Patch& patch) = 0;
         virtual void onReleaseAudioPatch(audio_patch_handle_t handle) = 0;
+        virtual void onUpdateAudioPatch(audio_patch_handle_t oldHandle,
+                                        audio_patch_handle_t newHandle,
+                                        const IAfPatchPanel::Patch& patch) = 0;
     };
 
     PatchCommandThread() : Thread(false /* canCallJava */) {}
@@ -56,6 +60,8 @@
     void createAudioPatch(audio_patch_handle_t handle, const IAfPatchPanel::Patch& patch)
             EXCLUDES_PatchCommandThread_Mutex;
     void releaseAudioPatch(audio_patch_handle_t handle) EXCLUDES_PatchCommandThread_Mutex;
+    void updateAudioPatch(audio_patch_handle_t oldHandle, audio_patch_handle_t newHandle,
+            const IAfPatchPanel::Patch& patch) EXCLUDES_PatchCommandThread_Mutex;
 
     // Thread virtuals
     void onFirstRef() override;
@@ -66,6 +72,9 @@
     void createAudioPatchCommand(audio_patch_handle_t handle,
             const IAfPatchPanel::Patch& patch) EXCLUDES_PatchCommandThread_Mutex;
     void releaseAudioPatchCommand(audio_patch_handle_t handle) EXCLUDES_PatchCommandThread_Mutex;
+    void updateAudioPatchCommand(audio_patch_handle_t oldHandle, audio_patch_handle_t newHandle,
+            const IAfPatchPanel::Patch& patch) EXCLUDES_PatchCommandThread_Mutex;
+
 private:
     class CommandData;
 
@@ -99,6 +108,18 @@
         audio_patch_handle_t mHandle;
     };
 
+    class UpdateAudioPatchData : public CommandData {
+    public:
+        UpdateAudioPatchData(audio_patch_handle_t oldHandle,
+                             audio_patch_handle_t newHandle,
+                             const IAfPatchPanel::Patch& patch)
+            :   mOldHandle(oldHandle), mNewHandle(newHandle), mPatch(patch) {}
+
+        const audio_patch_handle_t mOldHandle;
+        const audio_patch_handle_t mNewHandle;
+        const IAfPatchPanel::Patch mPatch;
+    };
+
     void sendCommand(const sp<Command>& command) EXCLUDES_PatchCommandThread_Mutex;
 
     audio_utils::mutex& mutex() const RETURN_CAPABILITY(audio_utils::PatchCommandThread_Mutex) {
@@ -109,11 +130,12 @@
         return mListenerMutex;
     }
 
-    mutable audio_utils::mutex mMutex;
+    mutable audio_utils::mutex mMutex{audio_utils::MutexOrder::kPatchCommandThread_Mutex};
     audio_utils::condition_variable mWaitWorkCV;
     std::deque<sp<Command>> mCommands GUARDED_BY(mutex()); // list of pending commands
 
-    mutable audio_utils::mutex mListenerMutex;
+    mutable audio_utils::mutex mListenerMutex{
+            audio_utils::MutexOrder::kPatchCommandThread_ListenerMutex};
     std::vector<wp<PatchCommandListener>> mListeners GUARDED_BY(listenerMutex());
 };
 
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/PatchPanel.cpp b/services/audioflinger/PatchPanel.cpp
index 17591dd..4333cc8 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/PatchPanel.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/PatchPanel.cpp
@@ -134,7 +134,8 @@
     if (patch->num_sources > 2) {
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
-
+    bool reuseExistingHalPatch = false;
+    audio_patch_handle_t oldhandle = AUDIO_PATCH_HANDLE_NONE;
     if (*handle != AUDIO_PATCH_HANDLE_NONE) {
         auto iter = mPatches.find(*handle);
         if (iter != mPatches.end()) {
@@ -152,6 +153,7 @@
             if (removedPatch.mHalHandle != AUDIO_PATCH_HANDLE_NONE) {
                 audio_module_handle_t hwModule = AUDIO_MODULE_HANDLE_NONE;
                 const struct audio_patch &oldPatch = removedPatch.mAudioPatch;
+                oldhandle = *handle;
                 if (oldPatch.sources[0].type == AUDIO_PORT_TYPE_DEVICE &&
                         (patch->sources[0].type != AUDIO_PORT_TYPE_DEVICE ||
                                 oldPatch.sources[0].ext.device.hw_module !=
@@ -174,8 +176,12 @@
                     hwDevice->releaseAudioPatch(removedPatch.mHalHandle);
                 }
                 halHandle = removedPatch.mHalHandle;
+                // Prevent to remove/add device effect when mix / device did not change, and
+                // hal patch has not been released
+                // Note that no patch leak at hal layer as halHandle is reused.
+                reuseExistingHalPatch = (hwDevice == 0) && patchesHaveSameRoute(*patch, oldPatch);
             }
-            erasePatch(*handle);
+            erasePatch(*handle, reuseExistingHalPatch);
         }
     }
 
@@ -406,7 +412,23 @@
                 mAfPatchPanelCallback->updateOutDevicesForRecordThreads_l(devices);
             }
 
+            // For endpoint patches, we do not need to re-evaluate the device effect state
+            // if the same HAL patch is reused (see calls to mAfPatchPanelCallback below)
+            if (endpointPatch) {
+                for (auto& p : mPatches) {
+                    // end point patches are skipped so we do not compare against this patch
+                    if (!p.second.mIsEndpointPatch && patchesHaveSameRoute(
+                            newPatch.mAudioPatch, p.second.mAudioPatch)) {
+                        ALOGV("%s() Sw Bridge endpoint reusing halHandle=%d", __func__,
+                              p.second.mHalHandle);
+                        halHandle = p.second.mHalHandle;
+                        reuseExistingHalPatch = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
             mAfPatchPanelCallback->mutex().unlock();
+
             status = thread->sendCreateAudioPatchConfigEvent(patch, &halHandle);
             mAfPatchPanelCallback->mutex().lock();
             if (status == NO_ERROR) {
@@ -436,7 +458,19 @@
         *handle = static_cast<audio_patch_handle_t>(
                 mAfPatchPanelCallback->nextUniqueId(AUDIO_UNIQUE_ID_USE_PATCH));
         newPatch.mHalHandle = halHandle;
-        mAfPatchPanelCallback->getPatchCommandThread()->createAudioPatch(*handle, newPatch);
+        // Skip device effect:
+        //  -for sw bridge as effect are likely held by endpoint patches
+        //  -for endpoint reusing a HalPatch handle
+        if (!(newPatch.isSoftware()
+                || (endpointPatch && reuseExistingHalPatch))) {
+            if (reuseExistingHalPatch) {
+                mAfPatchPanelCallback->getPatchCommandThread()->updateAudioPatch(
+                        oldhandle, *handle, newPatch);
+            } else {
+                 mAfPatchPanelCallback->getPatchCommandThread()->createAudioPatch(
+                        *handle, newPatch);
+            }
+        }
         if (insertedModule != AUDIO_MODULE_HANDLE_NONE) {
             addSoftwarePatchToInsertedModules_l(insertedModule, *handle, &newPatch.mAudioPatch);
         }
@@ -741,12 +775,14 @@
  {
     ALOGV("%s handle %d", __func__, handle);
     status_t status = NO_ERROR;
+    bool doReleasePatch = true;
 
     auto iter = mPatches.find(handle);
     if (iter == mPatches.end()) {
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
     Patch &removedPatch = iter->second;
+    const bool isSwBridge = removedPatch.isSoftware();
     const struct audio_patch &patch = removedPatch.mAudioPatch;
 
     const struct audio_port_config &src = patch.sources[0];
@@ -798,22 +834,40 @@
                     break;
                 }
             }
-            mAfPatchPanelCallback->mutex().unlock();
-            status = thread->sendReleaseAudioPatchConfigEvent(removedPatch.mHalHandle);
-            mAfPatchPanelCallback->mutex().lock();
+            // Check whether the removed patch Hal Handle is used in another non-Endpoint patch.
+            // Since this is a non-Endpoint patch, the removed patch is not considered (it is
+            // removed later from mPatches).
+            if (removedPatch.mIsEndpointPatch) {
+                for (auto& p: mPatches) {
+                    if (!p.second.mIsEndpointPatch
+                            && p.second.mHalHandle == removedPatch.mHalHandle) {
+                        ALOGV("%s() Sw Bridge endpoint used existing halHandle=%d, do not release",
+                              __func__,  p.second.mHalHandle);
+                        doReleasePatch = false;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (doReleasePatch) {
+                mAfPatchPanelCallback->mutex().unlock();
+                status = thread->sendReleaseAudioPatchConfigEvent(removedPatch.mHalHandle);
+                mAfPatchPanelCallback->mutex().lock();
+            }
         } break;
         default:
             status = BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
-    erasePatch(handle);
+    erasePatch(handle, /* reuseExistingHalPatch= */ !doReleasePatch || isSwBridge);
     return status;
 }
 
-void PatchPanel::erasePatch(audio_patch_handle_t handle) {
+void PatchPanel::erasePatch(audio_patch_handle_t handle, bool reuseExistingHalPatch) {
     mPatches.erase(handle);
     removeSoftwarePatchFromInsertedModules(handle);
-    mAfPatchPanelCallback->getPatchCommandThread()->releaseAudioPatch(handle);
+    if (!reuseExistingHalPatch) {
+        mAfPatchPanelCallback->getPatchCommandThread()->releaseAudioPatch(handle);
+    }
 }
 
 /* List connected audio ports and they attributes */
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/PatchPanel.h b/services/audioflinger/PatchPanel.h
index b107eb0..f84b40e 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/PatchPanel.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/PatchPanel.h
@@ -89,7 +89,38 @@
             const struct audio_patch *patch)
             REQUIRES(audio_utils::AudioFlinger_Mutex);
     void removeSoftwarePatchFromInsertedModules(audio_patch_handle_t handle);
-    void erasePatch(audio_patch_handle_t handle);
+    /**
+     * erase the patch referred by its handle.
+     * @param handle of the patch to be erased
+     * @param reuseExistingHalPatch if set, do not trig the callback of listeners, listener
+     * would receive instead a onUpdateAudioPatch when the patch will be recreated.
+     * It prevents for example DeviceEffectManager to spuriously remove / add a device on an already
+     * opened input / output mix.
+     */
+    void erasePatch(audio_patch_handle_t handle, bool reuseExistingHalPatch = false);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the old and new patches passed as arguments describe the same
+     * connections between the first sink and the first source
+     * @param oldPatch previous patch
+     * @param newPatch new patch
+     * @return true if the route is unchanged between the old and new patch, false otherwise
+     */
+    inline bool patchesHaveSameRoute(
+            const struct audio_patch &newPatch, const struct audio_patch &oldPatch) const {
+        return (newPatch.sources[0].type == AUDIO_PORT_TYPE_DEVICE &&
+                oldPatch.sources[0].type == AUDIO_PORT_TYPE_DEVICE &&
+                newPatch.sources[0].id == oldPatch.sources[0].id &&
+                newPatch.sinks[0].type == AUDIO_PORT_TYPE_MIX &&
+                oldPatch.sinks[0].type == AUDIO_PORT_TYPE_MIX &&
+                newPatch.sinks[0].ext.mix.handle == oldPatch.sinks[0].ext.mix.handle) ||
+                (newPatch.sinks[0].type == AUDIO_PORT_TYPE_DEVICE &&
+                oldPatch.sinks[0].type == AUDIO_PORT_TYPE_DEVICE &&
+                newPatch.sinks[0].id == oldPatch.sinks[0].id &&
+                newPatch.sources[0].type == AUDIO_PORT_TYPE_MIX &&
+                oldPatch.sources[0].type == AUDIO_PORT_TYPE_MIX &&
+                newPatch.sources[0].ext.mix.handle == oldPatch.sources[0].ext.mix.handle);
+    }
 
     const sp<IAfPatchPanelCallback> mAfPatchPanelCallback;
     std::map<audio_patch_handle_t, Patch> mPatches;
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/PlaybackTracks.h b/services/audioflinger/PlaybackTracks.h
index 2577ca8..826ba65 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/PlaybackTracks.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/PlaybackTracks.h
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@
 
     wp<IAfThreadBase> mThread;
     std::atomic_bool mHasOpPlayAudio;
-    const AttributionSourceState mAttributionSource;
-    const int32_t mUsage; // on purpose not audio_usage_t because always checked in appOps as int32_t
+    const int32_t mUsage;  // on purpose not audio_usage_t because always checked in appOps as
+                           // int32_t
     const int mId; // for logging purposes only
     const uid_t mUid;
     const String16 mPackageName;
@@ -194,7 +194,8 @@
     sp<os::ExternalVibration> getExternalVibration() const final { return mExternalVibration; }
 
             // This function should be called with holding thread lock.
-    void updateTeePatches_l() final;
+    void updateTeePatches_l() final REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex)
+            EXCLUDES_BELOW_ThreadBase_Mutex;
     void setTeePatchesToUpdate_l(TeePatches teePatchesToUpdate) final;
 
     void tallyUnderrunFrames(size_t frames) final {
@@ -473,7 +474,8 @@
     SourceMetadatas mTrackMetadatas;
     /** Protects mTrackMetadatas against concurrent access. */
     audio_utils::mutex& trackMetadataMutex() const { return mTrackMetadataMutex; }
-    mutable audio_utils::mutex mTrackMetadataMutex;
+    mutable audio_utils::mutex mTrackMetadataMutex{
+            audio_utils::MutexOrder::kOutputTrack_TrackMetadataMutex};
 };  // end of OutputTrack
 
 // playback track, used by PatchPanel
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/RecordTracks.h b/services/audioflinger/RecordTracks.h
index 8d3de38..3de9968 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/RecordTracks.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/RecordTracks.h
@@ -221,7 +221,8 @@
     std::unique_ptr<void, decltype(free)*> mSinkBuffer;  // frame size aligned continuous buffer
     std::unique_ptr<void, decltype(free)*> mStubBuffer;  // buffer used for AudioBufferProvider
     size_t mUnconsumedFrames = 0;
-    mutable audio_utils::mutex mReadMutex;
+    mutable audio_utils::mutex mReadMutex{
+            audio_utils::MutexOrder::kPassthruPatchRecord_ReadMutex};
     audio_utils::condition_variable mReadCV;
     size_t mReadBytes = 0; // GUARDED_BY(readMutex())
     status_t mReadError = NO_ERROR; // GUARDED_BY(readMutex())
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/Threads.cpp b/services/audioflinger/Threads.cpp
index 01e7b0d..ff1b5e0 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/Threads.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/Threads.cpp
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 #include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
 #include <binder/PersistableBundle.h>
+#include <com_android_media_audio.h>
 #include <cutils/bitops.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include <fastpath/AutoPark.h>
@@ -721,8 +722,9 @@
     {
         audio_utils::unique_lock _l(event->mutex());
         while (event->mWaitStatus) {
-            if (event->mCondition.wait_for(_l, std::chrono::nanoseconds(kConfigEventTimeoutNs))
-                        == std::cv_status::timeout) {
+            if (event->mCondition.wait_for(
+                    _l, std::chrono::nanoseconds(kConfigEventTimeoutNs), getTid())
+                            == std::cv_status::timeout) {
                 event->mStatus = TIMED_OUT;
                 event->mWaitStatus = false;
             }
@@ -1483,7 +1485,7 @@
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
-    if (memcmp(&desc->type, FX_IID_SPATIALIZER, sizeof(effect_uuid_t)) == 0
+    if (IAfEffectModule::isSpatializer(&desc->type)
             && mType != SPATIALIZER) {
         ALOGW("%s: attempt to create a spatializer effect on a thread of type %d",
                 __func__, mType);
@@ -1571,7 +1573,7 @@
             return BAD_VALUE;
         } else if (sessionId == AUDIO_SESSION_OUTPUT_STAGE) {
             // only post processing , downmixer or spatializer effects on output stage session
-            if (memcmp(&desc->type, FX_IID_SPATIALIZER, sizeof(effect_uuid_t)) == 0
+            if (IAfEffectModule::isSpatializer(&desc->type)
                     || memcmp(&desc->type, EFFECT_UIID_DOWNMIX, sizeof(effect_uuid_t)) == 0) {
                 break;
             }
@@ -1690,7 +1692,7 @@
                     std::move(mAfThreadCallback->getDefaultVibratorInfo_l());
             if (defaultVibratorInfo) {
                 // Only set the vibrator info when it is a valid one.
-                effect->setVibratorInfo(*defaultVibratorInfo);
+                effect->setVibratorInfo_l(*defaultVibratorInfo);
             }
         }
         // create effect handle and connect it to effect module
@@ -1792,7 +1794,7 @@
 std::vector<int> ThreadBase::getEffectIds_l(audio_session_t sessionId) const
 {
     sp<IAfEffectChain> chain = getEffectChain_l(sessionId);
-    return chain != nullptr ? chain->getEffectIds() : std::vector<int>{};
+    return chain != nullptr ? chain->getEffectIds_l() : std::vector<int>{};
 }
 
 // PlaybackThread::addEffect_ll() must be called with AudioFlinger::mutex() and
@@ -1824,7 +1826,7 @@
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
-    effect->setOffloaded(mType == OFFLOAD, mId);
+    effect->setOffloaded_l(mType == OFFLOAD, mId);
 
     status_t status = chain->addEffect_l(effect);
     if (status != NO_ERROR) {
@@ -1861,22 +1863,20 @@
     }
 }
 
-void ThreadBase::lockEffectChains_l(
-        Vector<sp<IAfEffectChain>>& effectChains)
-NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS  // calls EffectChain::lock()
+void ThreadBase::lockEffectChains_l(Vector<sp<IAfEffectChain>>& effectChains)
+        NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS  // calls EffectChain::lock()
 {
     effectChains = mEffectChains;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < mEffectChains.size(); i++) {
-        mEffectChains[i]->mutex().lock();
+    for (const auto& effectChain : effectChains) {
+        effectChain->mutex().lock();
     }
 }
 
-void ThreadBase::unlockEffectChains(
-        const Vector<sp<IAfEffectChain>>& effectChains)
-NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS  // calls EffectChain::unlock()
+void ThreadBase::unlockEffectChains(const Vector<sp<IAfEffectChain>>& effectChains)
+        NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS  // calls EffectChain::unlock()
 {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < effectChains.size(); i++) {
-        effectChains[i]->mutex().unlock();
+    for (const auto& effectChain : effectChains) {
+        effectChain->mutex().unlock();
     }
 }
 
@@ -2378,7 +2378,8 @@
         audio_port_handle_t portId,
         const sp<media::IAudioTrackCallback>& callback,
         bool isSpatialized,
-        bool isBitPerfect)
+        bool isBitPerfect,
+        audio_output_flags_t *afTrackFlags)
 {
     size_t frameCount = *pFrameCount;
     size_t notificationFrameCount = *pNotificationFrameCount;
@@ -2697,6 +2698,7 @@
         if (mType == DIRECT) {
             trackFlags = static_cast<audio_output_flags_t>(trackFlags | AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT);
         }
+        *afTrackFlags = trackFlags;
 
         track = IAfTrack::create(this, client, streamType, attr, sampleRate, format,
                           channelMask, frameCount,
@@ -2847,6 +2849,8 @@
         // effectively get the latency it requested.
         if (track->isExternalTrack()) {
             IAfTrackBase::track_state state = track->state();
+            // Because the track is not on the ActiveTracks,
+            // at this point, only the TrackHandle will be adding the track.
             mutex().unlock();
             status = AudioSystem::startOutput(track->portId());
             mutex().lock();
@@ -2927,7 +2931,12 @@
 
         track->setResetDone(false);
         track->resetPresentationComplete();
+
+        // Do not release the ThreadBase mutex after the track is added to mActiveTracks unless
+        // all key changes are complete.  It is possible that the threadLoop will begin
+        // processing the added track immediately after the ThreadBase mutex is released.
         mActiveTracks.add(track);
+
         if (chain != 0) {
             ALOGV("addTrack_l() starting track on chain %p for session %d", chain.get(),
                     track->sessionId());
@@ -3309,10 +3318,44 @@
         return {}; // nothing to do
     }
     StreamOutHalInterface::SourceMetadata metadata;
-    auto backInserter = std::back_inserter(metadata.tracks);
-    for (const sp<IAfTrack>& track : mActiveTracks) {
-        // No track is invalid as this is called after prepareTrack_l in the same critical section
-        track->copyMetadataTo(backInserter);
+    if (com_android_media_audio_stereo_spatialization()) {
+        std::map<audio_session_t, std::vector<playback_track_metadata_v7_t> >allSessionsMetadata;
+        for (const sp<IAfTrack>& track : mActiveTracks) {
+            std::vector<playback_track_metadata_v7_t>& sessionMetadata =
+                    allSessionsMetadata[track->sessionId()];
+            auto backInserter = std::back_inserter(sessionMetadata);
+            // No track is invalid as this is called after prepareTrack_l in the same
+            // critical section
+            track->copyMetadataTo(backInserter);
+        }
+        std::vector<playback_track_metadata_v7_t> spatializedTracksMetaData;
+        for (const auto& [session, sessionTrackMetadata] : allSessionsMetadata) {
+            metadata.tracks.insert(metadata.tracks.end(),
+                    sessionTrackMetadata.begin(), sessionTrackMetadata.end());
+            if (auto chain = getEffectChain_l(session) ; chain != nullptr) {
+                chain->sendMetadata_l(sessionTrackMetadata, {});
+            }
+            if ((hasAudioSession_l(session) & IAfThreadBase::SPATIALIZED_SESSION) != 0) {
+                spatializedTracksMetaData.insert(spatializedTracksMetaData.end(),
+                        sessionTrackMetadata.begin(), sessionTrackMetadata.end());
+            }
+        }
+        if (auto chain = getEffectChain_l(AUDIO_SESSION_OUTPUT_MIX); chain != nullptr) {
+            chain->sendMetadata_l(metadata.tracks, {});
+        }
+        if (auto chain = getEffectChain_l(AUDIO_SESSION_OUTPUT_STAGE); chain != nullptr) {
+            chain->sendMetadata_l(metadata.tracks, spatializedTracksMetaData);
+        }
+        if (auto chain = getEffectChain_l(AUDIO_SESSION_DEVICE); chain != nullptr) {
+            chain->sendMetadata_l(metadata.tracks, {});
+        }
+    } else {
+        auto backInserter = std::back_inserter(metadata.tracks);
+        for (const sp<IAfTrack>& track : mActiveTracks) {
+            // No track is invalid as this is called after prepareTrack_l in the same
+            // critical section
+            track->copyMetadataTo(backInserter);
+        }
     }
     sendMetadataToBackend_l(metadata);
     MetadataUpdate change;
@@ -4118,6 +4161,30 @@
 
             metadataUpdate = updateMetadata_l();
 
+            // Acquire a local copy of active tracks with lock (release w/o lock).
+            //
+            // Control methods on the track acquire the ThreadBase lock (e.g. start()
+            // stop(), pause(), etc.), but the threadLoop is entitled to call audio
+            // data / buffer methods on tracks from activeTracks without the ThreadBase lock.
+            activeTracks.insert(activeTracks.end(), mActiveTracks.begin(), mActiveTracks.end());
+
+            setHalLatencyMode_l();
+
+            // updateTeePatches_l will acquire the ThreadBase_Mutex of other threads,
+            // so this is done before we lock our effect chains.
+            for (const auto& track : mActiveTracks) {
+                track->updateTeePatches_l();
+            }
+
+            // signal actual start of output stream when the render position reported by
+            // the kernel starts moving.
+            if (!mHalStarted && ((isSuspended() && (mBytesWritten != 0)) || (!mStandby
+                    && (mKernelPositionOnStandby
+                            != mTimestamp.mPosition[ExtendedTimestamp::LOCATION_KERNEL])))) {
+                mHalStarted = true;
+                mWaitHalStartCV.notify_all();
+            }
+
             // prevent any changes in effect chain list and in each effect chain
             // during mixing and effect process as the audio buffers could be deleted
             // or modified if an effect is created or deleted
@@ -4145,28 +4212,6 @@
                     }
                 }
             }
-
-            // Acquire a local copy of active tracks with lock (release w/o lock).
-            //
-            // Control methods on the track acquire the ThreadBase lock (e.g. start()
-            // stop(), pause(), etc.), but the threadLoop is entitled to call audio
-            // data / buffer methods on tracks from activeTracks without the ThreadBase lock.
-            activeTracks.insert(activeTracks.end(), mActiveTracks.begin(), mActiveTracks.end());
-
-            setHalLatencyMode_l();
-
-            for (const auto &track : mActiveTracks ) {
-                track->updateTeePatches_l();
-            }
-
-            // signal actual start of output stream when the render position reported by the kernel
-            // starts moving.
-            if (!mHalStarted && ((isSuspended() && (mBytesWritten != 0)) || (!mStandby
-                    && (mKernelPositionOnStandby
-                            != mTimestamp.mPosition[ExtendedTimestamp::LOCATION_KERNEL])))) {
-                mHalStarted = true;
-                mWaitHalStartCV.notify_all();
-            }
         } // mutex() scope ends
 
         if (mBytesRemaining == 0) {
@@ -4702,8 +4747,12 @@
 void PlaybackThread::removeTracks_l(const Vector<sp<IAfTrack>>& tracksToRemove)
 NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS  // release and re-acquire mutex()
 {
+    if (tracksToRemove.empty()) return;
+
+    // Block all incoming TrackHandle requests until we are finished with the release.
+    setThreadBusy_l(true);
+
     for (const auto& track : tracksToRemove) {
-        mActiveTracks.remove(track);
         ALOGV("%s(%d): removing track on session %d", __func__, track->id(), track->sessionId());
         sp<IAfEffectChain> chain = getEffectChain_l(track->sessionId());
         if (chain != 0) {
@@ -4711,17 +4760,16 @@
                     __func__, track->id(), chain.get(), track->sessionId());
             chain->decActiveTrackCnt();
         }
+
         // If an external client track, inform APM we're no longer active, and remove if needed.
-        // We do this under lock so that the state is consistent if the Track is destroyed.
+        // Since the track is active, we do it here instead of TrackBase::destroy().
         if (track->isExternalTrack()) {
+            mutex().unlock();
             AudioSystem::stopOutput(track->portId());
             if (track->isTerminated()) {
                 AudioSystem::releaseOutput(track->portId());
             }
-        }
-        if (track->isTerminated()) {
-            // remove from our tracks vector
-            removeTrack_l(track);
+            mutex().lock();
         }
         if (mHapticChannelCount > 0 &&
                 ((track->channelMask() & AUDIO_CHANNEL_HAPTIC_ALL) != AUDIO_CHANNEL_NONE
@@ -4738,7 +4786,24 @@
                 chain->setHapticIntensity_l(track->id(), os::HapticScale::MUTE);
             }
         }
+
+        // Under lock, the track is removed from the active tracks list.
+        //
+        // Once the track is no longer active, the TrackHandle may directly
+        // modify it as the threadLoop() is no longer responsible for its maintenance.
+        // Do not modify the track from threadLoop after the mutex is unlocked
+        // if it is not active.
+        mActiveTracks.remove(track);
+
+        if (track->isTerminated()) {
+            // remove from our tracks vector
+            removeTrack_l(track);
+        }
     }
+
+    // Allow incoming TrackHandle requests.  We still hold the mutex,
+    // so pending TrackHandle requests will occur after we unlock it.
+    setThreadBusy_l(false);
 }
 
 status_t PlaybackThread::getTimestamp_l(AudioTimestamp& timestamp)
@@ -5437,7 +5502,7 @@
     sp<IAfEffectChain> chain = getEffectChain_l(AUDIO_SESSION_OUTPUT_MIX);
     if (chain != 0) {
         uint32_t v = (uint32_t)(masterVolume * (1 << 24));
-        chain->setVolume_l(&v, &v);
+        chain->setVolume(&v, &v);
         masterVolume = (float)((v + (1 << 23)) >> 24);
         chain.clear();
     }
@@ -5772,7 +5837,7 @@
 
             mixedTracks++;
 
-            // track->mainBuffer() != mSinkBuffer or mMixerBuffer means
+            // track->mainBuffer() != mSinkBuffer and mMixerBuffer means
             // there is an effect chain connected to the track
             chain.clear();
             if (track->mainBuffer() != mSinkBuffer &&
@@ -5876,7 +5941,7 @@
             track->setFinalVolume(vrf, vlf);
 
             // Delegate volume control to effect in track effect chain if needed
-            if (chain != 0 && chain->setVolume_l(&vl, &vr)) {
+            if (chain != 0 && chain->setVolume(&vl, &vr)) {
                 // Do not ramp volume if volume is controlled by effect
                 param = AudioMixer::VOLUME;
                 // Update remaining floating point volume levels
@@ -6616,8 +6681,8 @@
                 // Convert volumes from float to 8.24
                 uint32_t vl = (uint32_t)(left * (1 << 24));
                 uint32_t vr = (uint32_t)(right * (1 << 24));
-                // Direct/Offload effect chains set output volume in setVolume_l().
-                (void)mEffectChains[0]->setVolume_l(&vl, &vr);
+                // Direct/Offload effect chains set output volume in setVolume().
+                (void)mEffectChains[0]->setVolume(&vl, &vr);
             } else {
                 // otherwise we directly set the volume.
                 setVolumeForOutput_l(left, right);
@@ -7606,6 +7671,23 @@
     }
 }
 
+void DuplicatingThread::threadLoop_exit()
+{
+    // Prevent calling the OutputTrack dtor in the DuplicatingThread dtor
+    // where other mutexes (i.e. AudioPolicyService_Mutex) may be held.
+    // Do so here in the threadLoop_exit().
+
+    SortedVector <sp<IAfOutputTrack>> localTracks;
+    {
+        audio_utils::lock_guard l(mutex());
+        localTracks = std::move(mOutputTracks);
+        mOutputTracks.clear();
+    }
+    localTracks.clear();
+    outputTracks.clear();
+    PlaybackThread::threadLoop_exit();
+}
+
 void DuplicatingThread::dumpInternals_l(int fd, const Vector<String16>& args)
 {
     MixerThread::dumpInternals_l(fd, args);
@@ -7745,7 +7827,8 @@
 
 uint32_t DuplicatingThread::activeSleepTimeUs() const
 {
-    return (mWaitTimeMs * 1000) / 2;
+    // return half the wait time in microseconds.
+    return std::min(mWaitTimeMs * 500ULL, (unsigned long long)UINT32_MAX);  // prevent overflow.
 }
 
 void DuplicatingThread::cacheParameters_l()
@@ -7878,6 +7961,15 @@
     }
 }
 
+void SpatializerThread::threadLoop_exit()
+{
+    // The Spatializer EffectHandle must be released on the PlaybackThread
+    // threadLoop() to prevent lock inversion in the SpatializerThread dtor.
+    mFinalDownMixer.clear();
+
+    PlaybackThread::threadLoop_exit();
+}
+
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //      Record
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -8180,6 +8272,12 @@
                 case IAfTrackBase::PAUSING:
                     mActiveTracks.remove(activeTrack);
                     activeTrack->setState(IAfTrackBase::PAUSED);
+                    if (activeTrack->isFastTrack()) {
+                        ALOGV("%s fast track is paused, thus removed from active list", __func__);
+                        // Keep a ref on fast track to wait for FastCapture thread to get updated
+                        // state before potential track removal
+                        fastTrackToRemove = activeTrack;
+                    }
                     doBroadcast = true;
                     size--;
                     continue;
@@ -9651,7 +9749,7 @@
 
     // make sure enabled pre processing effects state is communicated to the HAL as we
     // just moved them to a new input stream.
-    chain->syncHalEffectsState();
+    chain->syncHalEffectsState_l();
 
     mEffectChains.add(chain);
 
@@ -10305,7 +10403,7 @@
 NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS  // clang bug
 {
     ALOGV("%s", __FUNCTION__);
-    audio_utils::lock_guard(mutex());
+    audio_utils::lock_guard l_{mutex()};
 
     if (mHalStream == 0) {
         return NO_INIT;
@@ -10636,7 +10734,7 @@
     chain->setThread(this);
     chain->setInBuffer(nullptr);
     chain->setOutBuffer(nullptr);
-    chain->syncHalEffectsState();
+    chain->syncHalEffectsState_l();
 
     mEffectChains.add(chain);
     checkSuspendOnAddEffectChain_l(chain);
@@ -10929,7 +11027,7 @@
         // only one effect chain can be present on DirectOutputThread, so if
         // there is one, the track is connected to it
         if (!mEffectChains.isEmpty()) {
-            mEffectChains[0]->setVolume_l(&vol, &vol);
+            mEffectChains[0]->setVolume(&vol, &vol);
             volume = (float)vol / (1 << 24);
         }
         // Try to use HW volume control and fall back to SW control if not implemented
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/Threads.h b/services/audioflinger/Threads.h
index b84079a..a6888c0 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/Threads.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/Threads.h
@@ -112,7 +112,8 @@
             return mMutex;
         }
         const int mType; // event type e.g. CFG_EVENT_IO
-        mutable audio_utils::mutex mMutex; // mutex associated with mCondition
+        // mutex associated with mCondition
+        mutable audio_utils::mutex mMutex{audio_utils::MutexOrder::kConfigEvent_Mutex};
         audio_utils::condition_variable mCondition; // condition for status return
 
         // NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS Can we add GUARDED_BY?
@@ -435,9 +436,11 @@
                 // ThreadBase mutex before processing the mixer and effects. This guarantees the
                 // integrity of the chains during the process.
                 // Also sets the parameter 'effectChains' to current value of mEffectChains.
-    void lockEffectChains_l(Vector<sp<IAfEffectChain>>& effectChains) final REQUIRES(mutex());
+    void lockEffectChains_l(Vector<sp<IAfEffectChain>>& effectChains) final
+            REQUIRES(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) ACQUIRE(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex);
                 // unlock effect chains after process
-    void unlockEffectChains(const Vector<sp<IAfEffectChain>>& effectChains) final;
+    void unlockEffectChains(const Vector<sp<IAfEffectChain>>& effectChains) final
+            RELEASE(audio_utils::EffectChain_Mutex);
                 // get a copy of mEffectChains vector
     Vector<sp<IAfEffectChain>> getEffectChains_l() const final REQUIRES(mutex()) {
         return mEffectChains;
@@ -537,7 +540,7 @@
     audio_utils::mutex& mutex() const final RETURN_CAPABILITY(audio_utils::ThreadBase_Mutex) {
         return mMutex;
     }
-    mutable audio_utils::mutex mMutex;
+    mutable audio_utils::mutex mMutex{audio_utils::MutexOrder::kThreadBase_Mutex};
 
     void onEffectEnable(const sp<IAfEffectModule>& effect) final EXCLUDES_ThreadBase_Mutex;
     void onEffectDisable() final EXCLUDES_ThreadBase_Mutex;
@@ -598,6 +601,35 @@
                 // check if some effects must be suspended when an effect chain is added
     void checkSuspendOnAddEffectChain_l(const sp<IAfEffectChain>& chain) REQUIRES(mutex());
 
+    /**
+     * waitWhileThreadBusy_l() serves as a mutex gate, which does not allow
+     * progress beyond the method while the PlaybackThread is busy (see setThreadBusy_l()).
+     * During the wait, the ThreadBase_Mutex is temporarily unlocked.
+     *
+     * This implementation uses a condition variable.  Alternative methods to gate
+     * the thread may use a second mutex (i.e. entry based on scoped_lock(mutex, gating_mutex)),
+     * but those have less flexibility and more lock order issues.
+     *
+     * Current usage by Track::destroy(), Track::start(), Track::stop(), Track::pause(),
+     * and Track::flush() block this way, and the primary caller is through TrackHandle
+     * with no other mutexes held.
+     *
+     * Special tracks like PatchTrack and OutputTrack may also hold the another thread's
+     * ThreadBase_Mutex during this time.  No other mutex is held.
+     */
+
+    void waitWhileThreadBusy_l(audio_utils::unique_lock& ul) final REQUIRES(mutex()) {
+        // the wait returns immediately if the predicate is satisfied.
+        mThreadBusyCv.wait(ul, [&]{ return mThreadBusy == false;});
+    }
+
+    void setThreadBusy_l(bool busy) REQUIRES(mutex()) {
+        if (busy == mThreadBusy) return;
+        mThreadBusy = busy;
+        if (busy == true) return;  // no need to wake threads if we become busy.
+        mThreadBusyCv.notify_all();
+    }
+
                 // sends the metadata of the active tracks to the HAL
                 struct MetadataUpdate {
                     std::vector<playback_track_metadata_v7_t> playbackMetadataUpdate;
@@ -640,6 +672,13 @@
                 ThreadMetrics           mThreadMetrics;
                 const bool              mIsOut;
 
+    // mThreadBusy is checked under the ThreadBase_Mutex to ensure that
+    // TrackHandle operations do not proceed while the ThreadBase is busy
+    // with the track.  mThreadBusy is only true if the track is active.
+    //
+    bool mThreadBusy = false; // GUARDED_BY(ThreadBase_Mutex) but read in lambda.
+    audio_utils::condition_variable mThreadBusyCv;
+
                 // updated by PlaybackThread::readOutputParameters_l() or
                 // RecordThread::readInputParameters_l()
                 uint32_t                mSampleRate;
@@ -838,7 +877,7 @@
 
                 SimpleLog mLocalLog;  // locked internally
 
-private:
+    private:
     void dumpBase_l(int fd, const Vector<String16>& args) REQUIRES(mutex());
     void dumpEffectChains_l(int fd, const Vector<String16>& args) REQUIRES(mutex());
 };
@@ -983,7 +1022,8 @@
                                 audio_port_handle_t portId,
                                 const sp<media::IAudioTrackCallback>& callback,
                                 bool isSpatialized,
-                                bool isBitPerfect) final
+                                bool isBitPerfect,
+                                audio_output_flags_t* afTrackFlags) final
             REQUIRES(audio_utils::AudioFlinger_Mutex);
 
     bool isTrackActive(const sp<IAfTrack>& track) const final {
@@ -1453,7 +1493,8 @@
     sp<AsyncCallbackThread>         mCallbackThread;
 
     audio_utils::mutex& audioTrackCbMutex() const { return mAudioTrackCbMutex; }
-    mutable audio_utils::mutex mAudioTrackCbMutex;
+    mutable audio_utils::mutex mAudioTrackCbMutex{
+            audio_utils::MutexOrder::kPlaybackThread_AudioTrackCbMutex};
     // Record of IAudioTrackCallback
     std::map<sp<IAfTrack>, sp<media::IAudioTrackCallback>> mAudioTrackCallbacks;
 
@@ -1808,7 +1849,7 @@
     // to indicate that the callback has been received via resetDraining()
     uint32_t                   mDrainSequence;
     audio_utils::condition_variable mWaitWorkCV;
-    mutable audio_utils::mutex mMutex;
+    mutable audio_utils::mutex mMutex{audio_utils::MutexOrder::kAsyncCallbackThread_Mutex};
     bool                       mAsyncError;
 
     audio_utils::mutex& mutex() const RETURN_CAPABILITY(audio_utils::AsyncCallbackThread_Mutex) {
@@ -1846,6 +1887,7 @@
     void threadLoop_sleepTime() final REQUIRES(ThreadBase_ThreadLoop);
     ssize_t threadLoop_write() final REQUIRES(ThreadBase_ThreadLoop);
     void threadLoop_standby() final REQUIRES(ThreadBase_ThreadLoop);
+    void threadLoop_exit() final REQUIRES(ThreadBase_ThreadLoop);
     void cacheParameters_l() final REQUIRES(mutex(), ThreadBase_ThreadLoop);
 
 private:
@@ -1897,6 +1939,8 @@
             REQUIRES(ThreadBase_ThreadLoop) EXCLUDES_ThreadBase_Mutex;
     void setHalLatencyMode_l() final REQUIRES(mutex());
 
+    void threadLoop_exit() final REQUIRES(ThreadBase_ThreadLoop);
+
 private:
             // Do not request a specific mode by default
             audio_latency_mode_t mRequestedLatencyMode = AUDIO_LATENCY_MODE_FREE;
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/Tracks.cpp b/services/audioflinger/Tracks.cpp
index 4fe5b84..4e82173 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/Tracks.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/Tracks.cpp
@@ -571,9 +571,7 @@
     getPackagesForUid(uid, packages);
     if (isServiceUid(uid)) {
         if (packages.isEmpty()) {
-            ALOGD("OpPlayAudio: not muting track:%d usage:%d for service UID %d",
-                  id,
-                  attr.usage,
+            ALOGW("OpPlayAudio: not muting track:%d usage:%d for service UID %d", id, attr.usage,
                   uid);
             return nullptr;
         }
@@ -597,7 +595,6 @@
                                        audio_usage_t usage, int id, uid_t uid)
     : mThread(wp<IAfThreadBase>::fromExisting(thread)),
       mHasOpPlayAudio(true),
-      mAttributionSource(attributionSource),
       mUsage((int32_t)usage),
       mId(id),
       mUid(uid),
@@ -617,10 +614,11 @@
     // make sure not to broadcast the initial state since it is not needed and could
     // cause a deadlock since this method can be called with the mThread->mLock held
     checkPlayAudioForUsage(/*doBroadcast=*/false);
-    if (mAttributionSource.packageName.has_value()) {
+    if (mPackageName.size()) {
         mOpCallback = new PlayAudioOpCallback(this);
-        mAppOpsManager.startWatchingMode(AppOpsManager::OP_PLAY_AUDIO,
-                mPackageName, mOpCallback);
+        mAppOpsManager.startWatchingMode(AppOpsManager::OP_PLAY_AUDIO, mPackageName, mOpCallback);
+    } else {
+        ALOGW("Skipping OpPlayAudioMonitor due to null package name");
     }
 }
 
@@ -631,16 +629,16 @@
 // Note this method is never called (and never to be) for audio server / patch record track
 // - not called from constructor due to check on UID,
 // - not called from PlayAudioOpCallback because the callback is not installed in this case
-void OpPlayAudioMonitor::checkPlayAudioForUsage(bool doBroadcast)
-{
-    const bool hasAppOps = mAttributionSource.packageName.has_value()
-        && mAppOpsManager.checkAudioOpNoThrow(
-                AppOpsManager::OP_PLAY_AUDIO, mUsage, mUid, mPackageName) ==
-                        AppOpsManager::MODE_ALLOWED;
+void OpPlayAudioMonitor::checkPlayAudioForUsage(bool doBroadcast) {
+    const bool hasAppOps =
+            mPackageName.size() &&
+            mAppOpsManager.checkAudioOpNoThrow(AppOpsManager::OP_PLAY_AUDIO, mUsage, mUid,
+                                               mPackageName) == AppOpsManager::MODE_ALLOWED;
 
     bool shouldChange = !hasAppOps;  // check if we need to update.
     if (mHasOpPlayAudio.compare_exchange_strong(shouldChange, hasAppOps)) {
-        ALOGD("OpPlayAudio: track:%d usage:%d %smuted", mId, mUsage, hasAppOps ? "not " : "");
+        ALOGI("OpPlayAudio: track:%d package:%s usage:%d %smuted", mId,
+              String8(mPackageName).c_str(), mUsage, hasAppOps ? "not " : "");
         if (doBroadcast) {
             auto thread = mThread.promote();
             if (thread != nullptr && thread->type() == IAfThreadBase::OFFLOAD) {
@@ -658,11 +656,11 @@
 
 void OpPlayAudioMonitor::PlayAudioOpCallback::opChanged(int32_t op,
             const String16& packageName) {
-    // we only have uid, so we need to check all package names anyway
-    UNUSED(packageName);
     if (op != AppOpsManager::OP_PLAY_AUDIO) {
         return;
     }
+
+    ALOGI("%s OP_PLAY_AUDIO callback received for %s", __func__, String8(packageName).c_str());
     sp<OpPlayAudioMonitor> monitor = mMonitor.promote();
     if (monitor != NULL) {
         monitor->checkPlayAudioForUsage(/*doBroadcast=*/true);
@@ -892,12 +890,17 @@
         bool wasActive = false;
         const sp<IAfThreadBase> thread = mThread.promote();
         if (thread != 0) {
-            audio_utils::lock_guard _l(thread->mutex());
+            audio_utils::unique_lock ul(thread->mutex());
+            thread->waitWhileThreadBusy_l(ul);
+
             auto* const playbackThread = thread->asIAfPlaybackThread().get();
             wasActive = playbackThread->destroyTrack_l(this);
             forEachTeePatchTrack_l([](const auto& patchTrack) { patchTrack->destroy(); });
         }
         if (isExternalTrack() && !wasActive) {
+            // If the track is not active, the TrackHandle is responsible for
+            // releasing the port id, not the ThreadBase::threadLoop().
+            // At this point, there is no concurrency issue as the track is going away.
             AudioSystem::releaseOutput(mPortId);
         }
     }
@@ -1189,7 +1192,9 @@
                 return PERMISSION_DENIED;
             }
         }
-        audio_utils::lock_guard _lth(thread->mutex());
+        audio_utils::unique_lock ul(thread->mutex());
+        thread->waitWhileThreadBusy_l(ul);
+
         track_state state = mState;
         // here the track could be either new, or restarted
         // in both cases "unstop" the track
@@ -1314,7 +1319,9 @@
     ALOGV("%s(%d): calling pid %d", __func__, mId, IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingPid());
     const sp<IAfThreadBase> thread = mThread.promote();
     if (thread != 0) {
-        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(thread->mutex());
+        audio_utils::unique_lock ul(thread->mutex());
+        thread->waitWhileThreadBusy_l(ul);
+
         track_state state = mState;
         if (state == RESUMING || state == ACTIVE || state == PAUSING || state == PAUSED) {
             // If the track is not active (PAUSED and buffers full), flush buffers
@@ -1322,7 +1329,9 @@
             if (!playbackThread->isTrackActive(this)) {
                 reset();
                 mState = STOPPED;
-            } else if (!isFastTrack() && !isOffloaded() && !isDirect()) {
+            } else if (isPatchTrack() || (!isFastTrack() && !isOffloaded() && !isDirect())) {
+                // for a PatchTrack (whatever fast ot not), do not drain but move directly
+                // to STOPPED to avoid closing while active.
                 mState = STOPPED;
             } else {
                 // For fast tracks prepareTracks_l() will set state to STOPPING_2
@@ -1347,7 +1356,9 @@
     ALOGV("%s(%d): calling pid %d", __func__, mId, IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingPid());
     const sp<IAfThreadBase> thread = mThread.promote();
     if (thread != 0) {
-        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(thread->mutex());
+        audio_utils::unique_lock ul(thread->mutex());
+        thread->waitWhileThreadBusy_l(ul);
+
         auto* const playbackThread = thread->asIAfPlaybackThread().get();
         switch (mState) {
         case STOPPING_1:
@@ -1384,7 +1395,9 @@
     ALOGV("%s(%d)", __func__, mId);
     const sp<IAfThreadBase> thread = mThread.promote();
     if (thread != 0) {
-        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(thread->mutex());
+        audio_utils::unique_lock ul(thread->mutex());
+        thread->waitWhileThreadBusy_l(ul);
+
         auto* const playbackThread = thread->asIAfPlaybackThread().get();
 
         // Flush the ring buffer now if the track is not active in the PlaybackThread.
@@ -1654,22 +1667,18 @@
         if (mMuteEventExtras == nullptr) {
             mMuteEventExtras = std::make_unique<os::PersistableBundle>();
         }
-        mMuteEventExtras->putInt(String16(kExtraPlayerEventMuteKey),
-                                 static_cast<int>(muteState));
+        mMuteEventExtras->putInt(String16(kExtraPlayerEventMuteKey), static_cast<int>(muteState));
 
-        result = audioManager->portEvent(mPortId,
-                                         PLAYER_UPDATE_MUTED,
-                                         mMuteEventExtras);
+        result = audioManager->portEvent(mPortId, PLAYER_UPDATE_MUTED, mMuteEventExtras);
     }
 
     if (result == OK) {
+        ALOGI("%s(%d): processed mute state for port ID %d from %d to %d", __func__, id(), mPortId,
+              int(muteState), int(mMuteState));
         mMuteState = muteState;
     } else {
-        ALOGW("%s(%d): cannot process mute state for port ID %d, status error %d",
-              __func__,
-              id(),
-              mPortId,
-              result);
+        ALOGW("%s(%d): cannot process mute state for port ID %d, status error %d", __func__, id(),
+              mPortId, result);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/afutils/DumpTryLock.h b/services/audioflinger/afutils/DumpTryLock.h
index e4ad112..05e050e 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/afutils/DumpTryLock.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/afutils/DumpTryLock.h
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 
 #include <audio_utils/mutex.h>
 #include <utils/Mutex.h>
-#include <utils/Timers.h>
 
 namespace android::afutils {
 
@@ -36,13 +35,7 @@
 inline bool dumpTryLock(audio_utils::mutex& mutex) TRY_ACQUIRE(true, mutex)
 {
     static constexpr int64_t kDumpLockTimeoutNs = 1'000'000'000;
-
-    const int64_t timeoutNs = kDumpLockTimeoutNs + systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_REALTIME);
-    const struct timespec ts = {
-        .tv_sec = static_cast<time_t>(timeoutNs / 1000000000),
-        .tv_nsec = static_cast<long>(timeoutNs % 1000000000),
-    };
-    return pthread_mutex_timedlock(mutex.native_handle(), &ts) == 0;
+    return mutex.try_lock(kDumpLockTimeoutNs);
 }
 
 }  // android::afutils
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/afutils/Vibrator.cpp b/services/audioflinger/afutils/Vibrator.cpp
index 25fcc6a..ab15a09 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/afutils/Vibrator.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/afutils/Vibrator.cpp
@@ -44,6 +44,10 @@
 }
 
 os::HapticScale onExternalVibrationStart(const sp<os::ExternalVibration>& externalVibration) {
+    if (externalVibration->getAudioAttributes().flags & AUDIO_FLAG_MUTE_HAPTIC) {
+        ALOGD("%s, mute haptic according to audio attributes flag", __func__);
+        return os::HapticScale::MUTE;
+    }
     const sp<os::IExternalVibratorService> evs = getExternalVibratorService();
     if (evs != nullptr) {
         int32_t ret;
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/sounddose/SoundDoseManager.cpp b/services/audioflinger/sounddose/SoundDoseManager.cpp
index 39c80d8..6797e3d 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/sounddose/SoundDoseManager.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/sounddose/SoundDoseManager.cpp
@@ -21,10 +21,12 @@
 #include "SoundDoseManager.h"
 
 #include "android/media/SoundDoseRecord.h"
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <media/AidlConversionCppNdk.h>
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <ctime>
+#include <functional>
+#include <media/AidlConversionCppNdk.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 
 namespace android {
@@ -33,6 +35,10 @@
 
 namespace {
 
+// Port handle used when CSD is computed on all devices. Should be a different value than
+// AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE which is associated with a sound dose callback failure
+constexpr audio_port_handle_t CSD_ON_ALL_DEVICES_PORT_HANDLE = -1;
+
 int64_t getMonotonicSecond() {
     struct timespec now_ts;
     if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now_ts) != 0) {
@@ -42,6 +48,8 @@
     return now_ts.tv_sec;
 }
 
+constexpr float kDefaultRs2LowerBound = 80.f;  // dBA
+
 }  // namespace
 
 sp<audio_utils::MelProcessor> SoundDoseManager::getOrCreateProcessorForDevice(
@@ -49,7 +57,7 @@
         size_t channelCount, audio_format_t format) {
     const std::lock_guard _l(mLock);
 
-    if (mHalSoundDose.size() > 0 && mEnabledCsd) {
+    if (!mUseFrameworkMel && mHalSoundDose.size() > 0 && mEnabledCsd) {
         ALOGD("%s: using HAL MEL computation, no MelProcessor needed.", __func__);
         return nullptr;
     }
@@ -139,16 +147,25 @@
     ALOGV("%s", __func__);
     const std::lock_guard _l(mLock);
 
-    if (mHalSoundDose.size() > 0) {
+    if (!mUseFrameworkMel && mHalSoundDose.size() > 0) {
+        bool success = true;
         for (auto& halSoundDose : mHalSoundDose) {
             // using the HAL sound dose interface
             if (!halSoundDose.second->setOutputRs2UpperBound(rs2Value).isOk()) {
                 ALOGE("%s: Cannot set RS2 value for momentary exposure %f", __func__, rs2Value);
-                continue;
+                success = false;
+                break;
             }
         }
 
-        mRs2UpperBound = rs2Value;
+        if (success) {
+            mRs2UpperBound = rs2Value;
+        } else {
+            // restore all RS2 upper bounds to the previous value
+            for (auto& halSoundDose : mHalSoundDose) {
+                halSoundDose.second->setOutputRs2UpperBound(mRs2UpperBound);
+            }
+        }
         return;
     }
 
@@ -174,7 +191,29 @@
     }
 }
 
+float SoundDoseManager::getAttenuationForDeviceId(audio_port_handle_t id) const {
+    float attenuation = 0.f;
+
+    const std::lock_guard _l(mLock);
+    const auto deviceTypeIt = mActiveDeviceTypes.find(id);
+    if (deviceTypeIt != mActiveDeviceTypes.end()) {
+        auto attenuationIt = mMelAttenuationDB.find(deviceTypeIt->second);
+        if (attenuationIt != mMelAttenuationDB.end()) {
+            attenuation = attenuationIt->second;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return attenuation;
+}
+
 audio_port_handle_t SoundDoseManager::getIdForAudioDevice(const AudioDevice& audioDevice) const {
+    if (isComputeCsdForcedOnAllDevices()) {
+        // If CSD is forced on all devices return random port id. Used only in testing.
+        // This is necessary since the patches that are registered before
+        // setComputeCsdOnAllDevices will not be contributing to mActiveDevices
+        return CSD_ON_ALL_DEVICES_PORT_HANDLE;
+    }
+
     const std::lock_guard _l(mLock);
 
     audio_devices_t type;
@@ -192,6 +231,13 @@
         ALOGI("%s: could not find port id for device %s", __func__, adt.toString().c_str());
         return AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
     }
+    const auto btDeviceIt = mBluetoothDevicesWithCsd.find(std::make_pair(address, type));
+    if (btDeviceIt != mBluetoothDevicesWithCsd.end()) {
+        if (!btDeviceIt->second) {
+            ALOGI("%s: bt device %s does not support sound dose", __func__, adt.toString().c_str());
+            return AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
+        }
+    }
     return deviceIt->second;
 }
 
@@ -240,7 +286,11 @@
                 in_audioDevice.address.toString().c_str());
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
     }
-    soundDoseManager->onMomentaryExposure(in_currentDbA, id);
+
+    float attenuation = soundDoseManager->getAttenuationForDeviceId(id);
+    ALOGV("%s: attenuating received momentary exposure with %f dB", __func__, attenuation);
+    // TODO: remove attenuation when enforcing HAL MELs to always be attenuated
+    soundDoseManager->onMomentaryExposure(in_currentDbA - attenuation, id);
 
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
@@ -269,9 +319,10 @@
                 in_audioDevice.address.toString().c_str());
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
     }
+
     // TODO: introduce timestamp in onNewMelValues callback
-    soundDoseManager->onNewMelValues(in_melRecord.melValues, 0,
-                                     in_melRecord.melValues.size(), id);
+    soundDoseManager->onNewMelValues(in_melRecord.melValues, 0, in_melRecord.melValues.size(),
+                                     id, /*attenuated=*/false);
 
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
@@ -491,7 +542,7 @@
         ALOGV("%s csd is disabled", __func__);
         return false;
     }
-    if (forceComputeCsdOnAllDevices()) {
+    if (isComputeCsdForcedOnAllDevices()) {
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -515,7 +566,7 @@
         ALOGV("%s csd is disabled", __func__);
         return false;
     }
-    if (forceComputeCsdOnAllDevices()) {
+    if (isComputeCsdForcedOnAllDevices()) {
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -529,24 +580,32 @@
 }
 
 void SoundDoseManager::setUseFrameworkMel(bool useFrameworkMel) {
-    // invalidate any HAL sound dose interface used
-    resetHalSoundDoseInterfaces();
-
     const std::lock_guard _l(mLock);
     mUseFrameworkMel = useFrameworkMel;
 }
 
-bool SoundDoseManager::forceUseFrameworkMel() const {
+bool SoundDoseManager::isFrameworkMelForced() const {
     const std::lock_guard _l(mLock);
     return mUseFrameworkMel;
 }
 
 void SoundDoseManager::setComputeCsdOnAllDevices(bool computeCsdOnAllDevices) {
-    const std::lock_guard _l(mLock);
-    mComputeCsdOnAllDevices = computeCsdOnAllDevices;
+    bool changed = false;
+    {
+        const std::lock_guard _l(mLock);
+        if (mHalSoundDose.size() != 0) {
+            // when using the HAL path we cannot enforce to deliver values for all devices
+            changed = mUseFrameworkMel != computeCsdOnAllDevices;
+            mUseFrameworkMel = computeCsdOnAllDevices;
+        }
+        mComputeCsdOnAllDevices = computeCsdOnAllDevices;
+    }
+    if (changed && computeCsdOnAllDevices) {
+        mMelReporterCallback->applyAllAudioPatches();
+    }
 }
 
-bool SoundDoseManager::forceComputeCsdOnAllDevices() const {
+bool SoundDoseManager::isComputeCsdForcedOnAllDevices() const {
     const std::lock_guard _l(mLock);
     return mComputeCsdOnAllDevices;
 }
@@ -562,7 +621,7 @@
 
 bool SoundDoseManager::useHalSoundDose() const {
     const std::lock_guard _l(mLock);
-    return mHalSoundDose.size() > 0;
+    return !mUseFrameworkMel && mHalSoundDose.size() > 0;
 }
 
 void SoundDoseManager::resetSoundDose() {
@@ -584,26 +643,68 @@
 }
 
 void SoundDoseManager::onNewMelValues(const std::vector<float>& mels, size_t offset, size_t length,
-                                      audio_port_handle_t deviceId) const {
+                                      audio_port_handle_t deviceId, bool attenuated) const {
     ALOGV("%s", __func__);
 
-
     sp<media::ISoundDoseCallback> soundDoseCallback;
     std::vector<audio_utils::CsdRecord> records;
     float currentCsd;
+
+    // TODO: delete this case when enforcing HAL MELs to always be attenuated
+    float attenuation = attenuated ? 0.0f : getAttenuationForDeviceId(deviceId);
+
     {
         const std::lock_guard _l(mLock);
         if (!mEnabledCsd) {
             return;
         }
 
-
         const int64_t timestampSec = getMonotonicSecond();
 
-        // only for internal callbacks
-        records = mMelAggregator->aggregateAndAddNewMelRecord(audio_utils::MelRecord(
-                deviceId, std::vector<float>(mels.begin() + offset, mels.begin() + offset + length),
-                timestampSec - length));
+        if (attenuated) {
+            records = mMelAggregator->aggregateAndAddNewMelRecord(audio_utils::MelRecord(
+                    deviceId,
+                    std::vector<float>(mels.begin() + offset, mels.begin() + offset + length),
+                    timestampSec - length));
+        } else {
+            ALOGV("%s: attenuating received values with %f dB", __func__, attenuation);
+
+            // Extracting all intervals that contain values >= RS2 low limit (80dBA) after the
+            // attenuation is applied
+            size_t start = offset;
+            size_t stop = offset;
+            for (; stop < mels.size() && stop < offset + length; ++stop) {
+                if (mels[stop] - attenuation < kDefaultRs2LowerBound) {
+                    if (start < stop) {
+                        std::vector<float> attMel(stop-start, -attenuation);
+                        // attMel[i] = mels[i] + attenuation, i in [start, stop)
+                        std::transform(mels.begin() + start, mels.begin() + stop, attMel.begin(),
+                                       attMel.begin(), std::plus<float>());
+                        std::vector<audio_utils::CsdRecord> newRec =
+                                mMelAggregator->aggregateAndAddNewMelRecord(
+                                        audio_utils::MelRecord(deviceId,
+                                                               attMel,
+                                                               timestampSec - length + start -
+                                                               offset));
+                        std::copy(newRec.begin(), newRec.end(), std::back_inserter(records));
+                    }
+                    start = stop+1;
+                }
+            }
+            if (start < stop) {
+                std::vector<float> attMel(stop-start, -attenuation);
+                // attMel[i] = mels[i] + attenuation, i in [start, stop)
+                std::transform(mels.begin() + start, mels.begin() + stop, attMel.begin(),
+                               attMel.begin(), std::plus<float>());
+                std::vector<audio_utils::CsdRecord> newRec =
+                        mMelAggregator->aggregateAndAddNewMelRecord(
+                                audio_utils::MelRecord(deviceId,
+                                                       attMel,
+                                                       timestampSec - length + start -
+                                                       offset));
+                std::copy(newRec.begin(), newRec.end(), std::back_inserter(records));
+            }
+        }
 
         currentCsd = mMelAggregator->getCsd();
     }
@@ -638,6 +739,10 @@
         if (!mEnabledCsd) {
             return;
         }
+
+        if (currentMel < mRs2UpperBound) {
+            return;
+        }
     }
 
     auto soundDoseCallback = getSoundDoseCallback();
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/sounddose/SoundDoseManager.h b/services/audioflinger/sounddose/SoundDoseManager.h
index 6e0bc34..52a3fd6 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/sounddose/SoundDoseManager.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/sounddose/SoundDoseManager.h
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@
 
     virtual void stopMelComputationForDeviceId(audio_port_handle_t deviceId) = 0;
     virtual void startMelComputationForDeviceId(audio_port_handle_t deviceId) = 0;
+
+    virtual void applyAllAudioPatches() = 0;
 };
 
 class SoundDoseManager : public audio_utils::MelProcessor::MelCallback {
@@ -53,6 +55,13 @@
           mMelAggregator(sp<audio_utils::MelAggregator>::make(kCsdWindowSeconds)),
           mRs2UpperBound(kDefaultRs2UpperBound) {};
 
+    // Used only for testing
+    SoundDoseManager(const sp<IMelReporterCallback>& melReporterCallback,
+                     const sp<audio_utils::MelAggregator>& melAggregator)
+            : mMelReporterCallback(melReporterCallback),
+              mMelAggregator(melAggregator),
+              mRs2UpperBound(kDefaultRs2UpperBound) {};
+
     /**
      * \brief Creates or gets the MelProcessor assigned to the streamHandle
      *
@@ -136,15 +145,15 @@
 
     // used for testing only
     size_t getCachedMelRecordsSize() const;
-    bool forceUseFrameworkMel() const;
-    bool forceComputeCsdOnAllDevices() const;
+    bool isFrameworkMelForced() const;
+    bool isComputeCsdForcedOnAllDevices() const;
 
     /** Method for converting from audio_utils::CsdRecord to media::SoundDoseRecord. */
     static media::SoundDoseRecord csdRecordToSoundDoseRecord(const audio_utils::CsdRecord& legacy);
 
     // ------ Override audio_utils::MelProcessor::MelCallback ------
     void onNewMelValues(const std::vector<float>& mels, size_t offset, size_t length,
-                        audio_port_handle_t deviceId) const override;
+                        audio_port_handle_t deviceId, bool attenuated) const override;
 
     void onMomentaryExposure(float currentMel, audio_port_handle_t deviceId) const override;
 
@@ -205,6 +214,8 @@
 
     sp<media::ISoundDoseCallback> getSoundDoseCallback() const;
 
+    float getAttenuationForDeviceId(audio_port_handle_t id) const;
+
     void updateAttenuation(float attenuationDB, audio_devices_t deviceType);
     void setCsdEnabled(bool enabled);
     void setUseFrameworkMel(bool useFrameworkMel);
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/sounddose/tests/sounddosemanager_tests.cpp b/services/audioflinger/sounddose/tests/sounddosemanager_tests.cpp
index 5f6dcb9..e79b05e 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/sounddose/tests/sounddosemanager_tests.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/sounddose/tests/sounddosemanager_tests.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <SoundDoseManager.h>
 
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/sounddose/BnSoundDose.h>
+#include <audio_utils/MelAggregator.h>
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <media/AidlConversionCppNdk.h>
@@ -43,6 +44,15 @@
 public:
     MOCK_METHOD(void, startMelComputationForDeviceId, (audio_port_handle_t), (override));
     MOCK_METHOD(void, stopMelComputationForDeviceId, (audio_port_handle_t), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, applyAllAudioPatches, (), (override));
+};
+
+class MelAggregatorMock : public audio_utils::MelAggregator {
+public:
+    MelAggregatorMock() : MelAggregator(100) {}
+
+    MOCK_METHOD(std::vector<audio_utils::CsdRecord>, aggregateAndAddNewMelRecord,
+                (const audio_utils::MelRecord&), (override));
 };
 
 constexpr char kPrimaryModule[] = "primary";
@@ -52,7 +62,8 @@
 protected:
     void SetUp() override {
         mMelReporterCallback = sp<MelReporterCallback>::make();
-        mSoundDoseManager = sp<SoundDoseManager>::make(mMelReporterCallback);
+        mMelAggregator = sp<MelAggregatorMock>::make();
+        mSoundDoseManager = sp<SoundDoseManager>::make(mMelReporterCallback, mMelAggregator);
         mHalSoundDose = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<HalSoundDoseMock>();
         mSecondaryHalSoundDose = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<HalSoundDoseMock>();
 
@@ -69,6 +80,7 @@
     }
 
     sp<MelReporterCallback> mMelReporterCallback;
+    sp<MelAggregatorMock> mMelAggregator;
     sp<SoundDoseManager> mSoundDoseManager;
     std::shared_ptr<HalSoundDoseMock> mHalSoundDose;
     std::shared_ptr<HalSoundDoseMock> mSecondaryHalSoundDose;
@@ -110,12 +122,33 @@
     EXPECT_NE(processor1, processor2);
 }
 
-TEST_F(SoundDoseManagerTest, NewMelValuesCacheNewRecord) {
-    std::vector<float>mels{1, 1};
+TEST_F(SoundDoseManagerTest, NewMelValuesAttenuatedAggregateMels) {
+    std::vector<float>mels{1.f, 1.f};
 
-    mSoundDoseManager->onNewMelValues(mels, 0, mels.size(), /*deviceId=*/1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMelAggregator.get(), aggregateAndAddNewMelRecord)
+            .Times(1)
+            .WillOnce([&] (const audio_utils::MelRecord& record) {
+                EXPECT_THAT(record.mels, ::testing::ElementsAreArray(mels));
+                return std::vector<audio_utils::CsdRecord>();
+            });
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(mSoundDoseManager->getCachedMelRecordsSize(), size_t{1});
+    mSoundDoseManager->onNewMelValues(mels, 0, mels.size(), /*deviceId=*/1,
+                                      /*attenuated=*/true);
+}
+
+TEST_F(SoundDoseManagerTest, NewMelValuesUnattenuatedAreSplit) {
+    std::vector<float>mels{79.f, 80.f, 79.f, 80.f, 79.f, 79.f, 80.f};
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mMelAggregator.get(), aggregateAndAddNewMelRecord)
+            .Times(3)
+            .WillRepeatedly([&] (const audio_utils::MelRecord& record) {
+                EXPECT_EQ(record.mels.size(), size_t {1});
+                EXPECT_EQ(record.mels[0], 80.f);
+                return std::vector<audio_utils::CsdRecord>();
+            });
+
+    mSoundDoseManager->onNewMelValues(mels, 0, mels.size(), /*deviceId=*/1,
+            /*attenuated=*/false);
 }
 
 TEST_F(SoundDoseManagerTest, InvalidHalInterfaceIsNotSet) {
@@ -262,11 +295,11 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(SoundDoseManagerTest, GetDefaultForceComputeCsdOnAllDevices) {
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mSoundDoseManager->forceComputeCsdOnAllDevices());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mSoundDoseManager->isComputeCsdForcedOnAllDevices());
 }
 
 TEST_F(SoundDoseManagerTest, GetDefaultForceUseFrameworkMel) {
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mSoundDoseManager->forceUseFrameworkMel());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mSoundDoseManager->isFrameworkMelForced());
 }
 
 TEST_F(SoundDoseManagerTest, SetAudioDeviceCategoryStopsNonHeadphone) {
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/AudioPolicyInterface.h b/services/audiopolicy/AudioPolicyInterface.h
index d49a002..9ececea 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/AudioPolicyInterface.h
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/AudioPolicyInterface.h
@@ -270,6 +270,10 @@
     virtual status_t registerPolicyMixes(const Vector<AudioMix>& mixes) = 0;
     virtual status_t unregisterPolicyMixes(Vector<AudioMix> mixes) = 0;
 
+    virtual status_t updatePolicyMix(
+        const AudioMix& mix,
+        const std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion>& updatedCriteria) = 0;
+
     virtual status_t setUidDeviceAffinities(uid_t uid, const AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector& devices)
             = 0;
     virtual status_t removeUidDeviceAffinities(uid_t uid) = 0;
@@ -281,7 +285,8 @@
     virtual status_t startAudioSource(const struct audio_port_config *source,
                                       const audio_attributes_t *attributes,
                                       audio_port_handle_t *portId,
-                                      uid_t uid) = 0;
+                                      uid_t uid,
+                                      bool internal = false) = 0;
     virtual status_t stopAudioSource(audio_port_handle_t portId) = 0;
 
     virtual status_t setMasterMono(bool mono) = 0;
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/TEST_MAPPING b/services/audiopolicy/TEST_MAPPING
index fa3a5d3..a2ebb8d 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -34,5 +34,18 @@
     {
        "name": "audiopolicy_tests"
     }
+  ],
+  "postsubmit": [
+    {
+      "name": "GtsGmscoreHostTestCases",
+      "options" : [
+        {
+          "include-filter": "com.google.android.gts.audio.AudioHostTest"
+        },
+        {
+          "include-filter": "com.google.android.gts.audio.AudioPolicyHostTest"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
   ]
 }
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/common/include/policy.h b/services/audiopolicy/common/include/policy.h
index d266e63..4643bd1 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/common/include/policy.h
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/common/include/policy.h
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
  */
 static inline bool device_has_encoding_capability(audio_devices_t device)
 {
-    return audio_is_a2dp_out_device(device);
+    return audio_is_a2dp_out_device(device) || audio_is_ble_out_device(device);
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioOutputDescriptor.h b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioOutputDescriptor.h
index 1e57edd..7c70877 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioOutputDescriptor.h
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioOutputDescriptor.h
@@ -328,6 +328,13 @@
     wp<AudioPolicyMix> mPolicyMix;  // non NULL when used by a dynamic policy
 
     virtual uint32_t getRecommendedMuteDurationMs() const { return 0; }
+    virtual std::string info() const {
+        std::string result;
+        result.append("[portId:" );
+        result.append(android::internal::ToString(getId()));
+        result.append("]");
+        return result;
+    }
 
 protected:
     const sp<PolicyAudioPort> mPolicyAudioPort;
@@ -357,7 +364,7 @@
 
     void dump(String8 *dst, int spaces, const char* extraInfo = nullptr) const override;
     virtual DeviceVector devices() const;
-    void setDevices(const DeviceVector &devices) { mDevices = devices; }
+    void setDevices(const DeviceVector &devices);
     bool sharesHwModuleWith(const sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor>& outputDesc);
     virtual DeviceVector supportedDevices() const;
     virtual bool devicesSupportEncodedFormats(const DeviceTypeSet& deviceTypes);
@@ -471,6 +478,8 @@
 
     PortHandleVector getClientsForStream(audio_stream_type_t streamType) const;
 
+    virtual std::string info() const override;
+
     const sp<IOProfile> mProfile;          // I/O profile this output derives from
     audio_io_handle_t mIoHandle;           // output handle
     uint32_t mLatency;                  //
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioPolicyMix.h b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioPolicyMix.h
index 7e29e10..f066c09 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioPolicyMix.h
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioPolicyMix.h
@@ -59,7 +59,9 @@
 
     status_t unregisterMix(const AudioMix& mix);
 
-    void closeOutput(sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor> &desc);
+    status_t updateMix(const AudioMix& mix, const std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion>& newCriteria);
+
+    void closeOutput(sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor> &desc, const SwAudioOutputCollection& allOutputs);
 
     /**
      * Tries to find the best matching audio policy mix
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/ClientDescriptor.h b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/ClientDescriptor.h
index 7119b85..fe90a1e 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/ClientDescriptor.h
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/ClientDescriptor.h
@@ -222,7 +222,8 @@
                            const struct audio_port_config &config,
                            const sp<DeviceDescriptor>& srcDevice,
                            audio_stream_type_t stream, product_strategy_t strategy,
-                           VolumeSource volumeSource);
+                           VolumeSource volumeSource,
+                           bool isInternal);
 
     ~SourceClientDescriptor() override = default;
 
@@ -248,6 +249,7 @@
     void setSwOutput(const sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor>& swOutput, bool closeOutput = false);
     wp<HwAudioOutputDescriptor> hwOutput() const { return mHwOutput; }
     void setHwOutput(const sp<HwAudioOutputDescriptor>& hwOutput);
+    bool isInternal() const override { return mIsInternal; }
 
     using ClientDescriptor::dump;
     void dump(String8 *dst, int spaces) const override;
@@ -268,34 +270,17 @@
      * behavior of AudioDeviceCallback.
      */
     bool mCloseOutput = false;
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief The InternalSourceClientDescriptor class
- * Specialized Client Descriptor for either a raw patch created from @see createAudioPatch API
- * or for internal audio patches managed by APM (e.g. phone call patches).
- * Whatever the bridge created (software or hardware), we need a client to track the activity
- * and manage volumes.
- * The Audio Patch requested sink is expressed as a preferred device which allows to route
- * the SwOutput. Then APM will performs checks on the UID (against UID of Audioserver) of the
- * requester to prevent rerouting SwOutput involved in raw patches.
- */
-class InternalSourceClientDescriptor: public SourceClientDescriptor
-{
-public:
-    InternalSourceClientDescriptor(
-            audio_port_handle_t portId, uid_t uid, audio_attributes_t attributes,
-            const struct audio_port_config &config, const sp<DeviceDescriptor>& srcDevice,
-             const sp<DeviceDescriptor>& sinkDevice,
-            product_strategy_t strategy, VolumeSource volumeSource) :
-        SourceClientDescriptor(
-            portId, uid, attributes, config, srcDevice, AUDIO_STREAM_PATCH, strategy,
-            volumeSource)
-    {
-        setPreferredDeviceId(sinkDevice->getId());
-    }
-    bool isInternal() const override { return true; }
-    ~InternalSourceClientDescriptor() override = default;
+    /**
+     * True for specialized Client Descriptor for either a raw patch created from
+     * @see createAudioPatch API or for internal audio patches managed by APM
+     * (e.g. phone call patches).
+     * Whatever the bridge created (software or hardware), we need a client to track the activity
+     * and manage volumes.
+     * The Audio Patch requested sink is expressed as a preferred device which allows to route
+     * the SwOutput. Then APM will performs checks on the UID (against UID of Audioserver) of the
+     * requester to prevent rerouting SwOutput involved in raw patches.
+     */
+    bool mIsInternal = false;
 };
 
 class SourceClientCollection :
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/DeviceDescriptor.h b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/DeviceDescriptor.h
index 6c130fd..c502fc2 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/DeviceDescriptor.h
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/DeviceDescriptor.h
@@ -93,6 +93,8 @@
 
     void setEncapsulationInfoFromHal(AudioPolicyClientInterface *clientInterface);
 
+    void setPreferredConfig(const audio_config_base_t * preferredConfig);
+
     void dump(String8 *dst, int spaces, bool verbose = true) const;
 
 private:
@@ -107,6 +109,7 @@
     audio_format_t      mCurrentEncodedFormat;
     bool                mIsDynamic = false;
     std::string         mDeclaredAddress; // Original device address
+    std::optional<audio_config_base_t> mPreferredConfig;
 };
 
 class DeviceVector : public SortedVector<sp<DeviceDescriptor> >
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/EffectDescriptor.h b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/EffectDescriptor.h
index 59eee52..c2e4b11 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/EffectDescriptor.h
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/EffectDescriptor.h
@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
+class AudioInputCollection;
+class AudioInputDescriptor;
+class AudioPolicyClientInterface;
+
 class EffectDescriptor : public RefBase
 {
 public:
@@ -40,6 +44,8 @@
 
     int mId;                   // effect unique ID
     audio_io_handle_t mIo;     // io the effect is attached to
+    bool mIsOrphan = false;    // on creation, effect is not yet attached but not yet orphan
+    bool mEnabledWhenMoved = false;    // Backup enabled state before being moved
     audio_session_t mSession;  // audio session the effect is on
     effect_descriptor_t mDesc; // effect descriptor
     bool mEnabled;             // enabled state: CPU load being used or not
@@ -69,12 +75,29 @@
 
     void moveEffects(audio_session_t session,
                      audio_io_handle_t srcOutput,
-                     audio_io_handle_t dstOutput);
+                     audio_io_handle_t dstOutput,
+                     AudioPolicyClientInterface *clientInterface);
     void moveEffects(const std::vector<int>& ids, audio_io_handle_t dstOutput);
+    void moveEffects(audio_session_t sessionId, audio_io_handle_t srcIo, audio_io_handle_t dstIo,
+            const AudioInputCollection *inputs, AudioPolicyClientInterface *clientInterface);
+    void moveEffectsForIo(audio_session_t sessionId, audio_io_handle_t dstIo,
+            const AudioInputCollection *inputs, AudioPolicyClientInterface *mClientInterface);
+    void putOrphanEffects(audio_session_t sessionId, audio_io_handle_t srcIo,
+            const AudioInputCollection *inputs, AudioPolicyClientInterface *clientInterface);
+    void putOrphanEffectsForIo(audio_io_handle_t srcIo);
 
+    /**
+     * @brief Checks if an effect session was already attached to an io handle and return it if
+     * found. Check only for a given effect type if effectType is not null or for any effect
+     * otherwise.
+     * @param sessionId to consider.
+     * @param effectType to consider.
+     * @return ioHandle if found, AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE otherwise.
+     */
     audio_io_handle_t getIoForSession(audio_session_t sessionId,
                                       const effect_uuid_t *effectType = nullptr);
-
+    bool hasOrphansForSession(audio_session_t sessionId);
+    EffectDescriptorCollection getOrphanEffectsForSession(audio_session_t sessionId) const;
     void dump(String8 *dst, int spaces = 0, bool verbose = true) const;
 
 private:
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioOutputDescriptor.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioOutputDescriptor.cpp
index 37cbbc4..6537a00 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioOutputDescriptor.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioOutputDescriptor.cpp
@@ -778,6 +778,19 @@
     }
 }
 
+void SwAudioOutputDescriptor::setDevices(const android::DeviceVector &devices) {
+    if ((mFlags & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_BIT_PERFECT) == AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_BIT_PERFECT) {
+        for (auto device : mDevices) {
+            device->setPreferredConfig(nullptr);
+        }
+        auto config = getConfig();
+        for (auto device : devices) {
+            device->setPreferredConfig(&config);
+        }
+    }
+    mDevices = devices;
+}
+
 // HwAudioOutputDescriptor implementation
 HwAudioOutputDescriptor::HwAudioOutputDescriptor(const sp<SourceClientDescriptor>& source,
                                                  AudioPolicyClientInterface *clientInterface)
@@ -1003,6 +1016,18 @@
     return clientsForStream;
 }
 
+std::string SwAudioOutputDescriptor::info() const {
+    std::string result;
+    result.append("[" );
+    result.append(AudioOutputDescriptor::info());
+    result.append("[io:" );
+    result.append(android::internal::ToString(mIoHandle));
+    result.append(", " );
+    result.append(isDuplicated() ? "duplicating" : mProfile->getTagName());
+    result.append("]]");
+    return result;
+}
+
 void SwAudioOutputCollection::dump(String8 *dst) const
 {
     dst->appendFormat("\n Outputs (%zu):\n", size());
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioPolicyMix.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioPolicyMix.cpp
index f870b4f..dc0f466 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioPolicyMix.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioPolicyMix.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <iterator>
 #include <optional>
 #include <regex>
+#include <vector>
 #include "AudioPolicyMix.h"
 #include "TypeConverter.h"
 #include "HwModule.h"
@@ -225,6 +226,31 @@
     return BAD_VALUE;
 }
 
+status_t AudioPolicyMixCollection::updateMix(
+        const AudioMix& mix, const std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion>& updatedCriteria) {
+    if (!areMixCriteriaConsistent(mix.mCriteria)) {
+        ALOGE("updateMix(): updated criteria are not consistent "
+              "(MATCH & EXCLUDE criteria of the same type)");
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
+        const sp<AudioPolicyMix>& registeredMix = itemAt(i);
+        if (mix.mDeviceType == registeredMix->mDeviceType &&
+            mix.mDeviceAddress.compare(registeredMix->mDeviceAddress) == 0 &&
+            mix.mRouteFlags == registeredMix->mRouteFlags) {
+            registeredMix->mCriteria = updatedCriteria;
+            ALOGV("updateMix(): updated mix for dev=0x%x addr=%s", mix.mDeviceType,
+                  mix.mDeviceAddress.c_str());
+            return NO_ERROR;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ALOGE("updateMix(): mix not registered for dev=0x%x addr=%s", mix.mDeviceType,
+          mix.mDeviceAddress.c_str());
+    return BAD_VALUE;
+}
+
 status_t AudioPolicyMixCollection::getAudioPolicyMix(audio_devices_t deviceType,
         const String8& address, sp<AudioPolicyMix> &policyMix) const
 {
@@ -246,12 +272,33 @@
     return BAD_VALUE;
 }
 
-void AudioPolicyMixCollection::closeOutput(sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor> &desc)
+void AudioPolicyMixCollection::closeOutput(sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor> &desc,
+                                           const SwAudioOutputCollection& allOutputs)
 {
     for (size_t i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
         sp<AudioPolicyMix> policyMix = itemAt(i);
-        if (policyMix->getOutput() == desc) {
-            policyMix->clearOutput();
+        if (policyMix->getOutput() != desc) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        policyMix->clearOutput();
+        if (policyMix->mRouteFlags != MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        auto device = desc->supportedDevices().getDevice(
+                policyMix->mDeviceType, policyMix->mDeviceAddress, AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT);
+        if (device == nullptr) {
+            // This must not happen
+            ALOGE("%s, the rerouted device is not found", __func__);
+            continue;
+        }
+        // Restore the policy mix mix output to the first opened output supporting a route to
+        // the mix device. This is because the current mix output can be changed to a direct output.
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < allOutputs.size(); ++j) {
+            if (allOutputs[i] != desc && !allOutputs[i]->isDuplicated() &&
+                allOutputs[i]->supportedDevices().contains(device)) {
+                policyMix->setOutput(allOutputs[i]);
+                break;
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -269,6 +316,7 @@
     ALOGV("getOutputForAttr() querying %zu mixes:", size());
     primaryMix.clear();
     bool mixesDisallowsRequestedDevice = false;
+    const bool isMmapRequested = (flags & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_MMAP_NOIRQ);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
         sp<AudioPolicyMix> policyMix = itemAt(i);
         const bool primaryOutputMix = !is_mix_loopback_render(policyMix->mRouteFlags);
@@ -279,6 +327,17 @@
             mixesDisallowsRequestedDevice = true;
         }
 
+        if (!primaryOutputMix && isMmapRequested) {
+            // AAudio does not support MMAP_NO_IRQ loopback render, and there is no way with
+            // the current MmapStreamInterface::start to reject a specific client added to a shared
+            // mmap stream.
+            // As a result all MMAP_NOIRQ requests have to be rejected when an loopback render
+            // policy is present. That ensures no shared mmap stream is used when an loopback
+            // render policy is registered.
+            ALOGD("%s: Rejecting MMAP_NOIRQ request due to LOOPBACK|RENDER mix present.", __func__);
+            return INVALID_OPERATION;
+        }
+
         if (primaryOutputMix && primaryMix != nullptr) {
             ALOGV("%s: Skiping %zu: Primary output already found", __func__, i);
             continue; // Primary output already found
@@ -289,12 +348,14 @@
             continue; // skip the mix
         }
 
-        if ((flags & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_MMAP_NOIRQ) && is_mix_loopback(policyMix->mRouteFlags)) {
-            // AAudio MMAP_NOIRQ streams cannot be routed to loopback/loopback+render
-            // using dynamic audio policy.
-            ALOGD("%s: Rejecting MMAP_NOIRQ request matched to loopback dynamic audio policy mix.",
-                __func__);
-            return INVALID_OPERATION;
+        if (isMmapRequested) {
+            if (is_mix_loopback(policyMix->mRouteFlags)) {
+                // AAudio MMAP_NOIRQ streams cannot be routed to loopback/loopback+render
+                // using dynamic audio policy.
+                ALOGD("%s: Rejecting MMAP_NOIRQ request matched to loopback dynamic "
+                      "audio policy mix.", __func__);
+                return INVALID_OPERATION;
+            }
         }
 
         if (mixDevice != nullptr && mixDevice->equals(requestedDevice)) {
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/ClientDescriptor.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/ClientDescriptor.cpp
index 8b6866e..2aee501 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/ClientDescriptor.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/ClientDescriptor.cpp
@@ -96,12 +96,12 @@
 SourceClientDescriptor::SourceClientDescriptor(audio_port_handle_t portId, uid_t uid,
          audio_attributes_t attributes, const struct audio_port_config &config,
          const sp<DeviceDescriptor>& srcDevice, audio_stream_type_t stream,
-         product_strategy_t strategy, VolumeSource volumeSource) :
+         product_strategy_t strategy, VolumeSource volumeSource, bool isInternal) :
     TrackClientDescriptor::TrackClientDescriptor(portId, uid, AUDIO_SESSION_NONE, attributes,
         {config.sample_rate, config.channel_mask, config.format}, AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE,
         stream, strategy, volumeSource, AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_NONE, false,
         {} /* Sources do not support secondary outputs*/, nullptr),
-    mSrcDevice(srcDevice)
+    mSrcDevice(srcDevice), mIsInternal(isInternal)
 {
 }
 
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/DeviceDescriptor.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/DeviceDescriptor.cpp
index fe25693..9f7b8fc 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/DeviceDescriptor.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/DeviceDescriptor.cpp
@@ -132,6 +132,20 @@
 {
     DeviceDescriptorBase::toAudioPortConfig(dstConfig, srcConfig);
     dstConfig->ext.device.hw_module = getModuleHandle();
+    if (mPreferredConfig.has_value()) {
+        if (mPreferredConfig->format != AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT) {
+            dstConfig->config_mask |= AUDIO_PORT_CONFIG_FORMAT;
+            dstConfig->format = mPreferredConfig->format;
+        }
+        if (mPreferredConfig->sample_rate != 0) {
+            dstConfig->config_mask |= AUDIO_PORT_CONFIG_SAMPLE_RATE;
+            dstConfig->sample_rate = mPreferredConfig->sample_rate;
+        }
+        if (mPreferredConfig->channel_mask != AUDIO_CHANNEL_NONE) {
+            dstConfig->config_mask |= AUDIO_PORT_CONFIG_CHANNEL_MASK;
+            dstConfig->channel_mask = mPreferredConfig->channel_mask;
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 void DeviceDescriptor::toAudioPort(struct audio_port *port) const
@@ -183,6 +197,14 @@
     }
 }
 
+void DeviceDescriptor::setPreferredConfig(const audio_config_base_t* preferredConfig) {
+    if (preferredConfig == nullptr) {
+        mPreferredConfig.reset();
+    } else {
+        mPreferredConfig = *preferredConfig;
+    }
+}
+
 void DeviceDescriptor::dump(String8 *dst, int spaces, bool verbose) const
 {
     String8 extraInfo;
@@ -193,6 +215,13 @@
     std::string descBaseDumpStr;
     DeviceDescriptorBase::dump(&descBaseDumpStr, spaces, extraInfo.c_str(), verbose);
     dst->append(descBaseDumpStr.c_str());
+
+    if (mPreferredConfig.has_value()) {
+        dst->append(base::StringPrintf(
+                "%*sPreferred Config: format=%#x, channelMask=%#x, sampleRate=%u\n",
+                spaces, "", mPreferredConfig.value().format, mPreferredConfig.value().channel_mask,
+                mPreferredConfig.value().sample_rate).c_str());
+    }
 }
 
 
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/EffectDescriptor.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/EffectDescriptor.cpp
index 3f9c8b0..c85df0f 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/EffectDescriptor.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/EffectDescriptor.cpp
@@ -18,9 +18,15 @@
 //#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+
+#include "AudioInputDescriptor.h"
 #include "EffectDescriptor.h"
 #include <utils/String8.h>
 
+#include <AudioPolicyInterface.h>
+#include "AudioPolicyMix.h"
+#include "HwModule.h"
+
 namespace android {
 
 void EffectDescriptor::dump(String8 *dst, int spaces) const
@@ -175,30 +181,57 @@
     return MAX_EFFECTS_MEMORY;
 }
 
-void EffectDescriptorCollection::moveEffects(audio_session_t session,
-                                             audio_io_handle_t srcOutput,
-                                             audio_io_handle_t dstOutput)
+void EffectDescriptorCollection::moveEffects(audio_session_t sessionId, audio_io_handle_t srcIo,
+                                             audio_io_handle_t dstIo,
+                                             AudioPolicyClientInterface *clientInterface)
 {
-    ALOGV("%s session %d srcOutput %d dstOutput %d", __func__, session, srcOutput, dstOutput);
+    ALOGV("%s session %d srcIo %d dstIo %d", __func__, sessionId, srcIo, dstIo);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
         sp<EffectDescriptor> effect = valueAt(i);
-        if (effect->mSession == session && effect->mIo == srcOutput) {
-            effect->mIo = dstOutput;
+        if (effect->mSession == sessionId && effect->mIo == srcIo) {
+            effect->mIo = dstIo;
+            // Backup enable state before any updatePolicyState call
+            effect->mIsOrphan = (dstIo == AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE);
+        }
+    }
+    clientInterface->moveEffects(sessionId, srcIo, dstIo);
+}
+
+void EffectDescriptorCollection::moveEffects(const std::vector<int>& ids, audio_io_handle_t dstIo)
+{
+    ALOGV("%s num effects %zu, first ID %d, dstIo %d",
+        __func__, ids.size(), ids.size() ? ids[0] : 0, dstIo);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
+        sp<EffectDescriptor> effect = valueAt(i);
+        if (std::find(begin(ids), end(ids), effect->mId) != end(ids)) {
+            effect->mIo = dstIo;
+            effect->mIsOrphan = (dstIo == AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE);
         }
     }
 }
 
-void EffectDescriptorCollection::moveEffects(const std::vector<int>& ids,
-                                             audio_io_handle_t dstOutput)
+bool EffectDescriptorCollection::hasOrphansForSession(audio_session_t sessionId)
 {
-    ALOGV("%s num effects %zu, first ID %d, dstOutput %d",
-        __func__, ids.size(), ids.size() ? ids[0] : 0, dstOutput);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size(); ++i) {
         sp<EffectDescriptor> effect = valueAt(i);
-        if (std::find(begin(ids), end(ids), effect->mId) != end(ids)) {
-            effect->mIo = dstOutput;
+        if (effect->mSession == sessionId && effect->mIsOrphan) {
+            return true;
         }
     }
+    return false;
+}
+
+EffectDescriptorCollection EffectDescriptorCollection::getOrphanEffectsForSession(
+        audio_session_t sessionId) const
+{
+    EffectDescriptorCollection effects;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
+        sp<EffectDescriptor> effect = valueAt(i);
+        if (effect->mSession == sessionId && effect->mIsOrphan) {
+            effects.add(keyAt(i), effect);
+        }
+    }
+    return effects;
 }
 
 audio_io_handle_t EffectDescriptorCollection::getIoForSession(audio_session_t sessionId,
@@ -214,6 +247,84 @@
     return AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE;
 }
 
+void EffectDescriptorCollection::moveEffectsForIo(audio_session_t session,
+        audio_io_handle_t dstIo, const AudioInputCollection *inputs,
+        AudioPolicyClientInterface *clientInterface)
+{
+    // No src io: try to find from effect session the src Io to move from
+    audio_io_handle_t srcIo = getIoForSession(session);
+    if (hasOrphansForSession(session) || (srcIo != AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE && srcIo != dstIo)) {
+        moveEffects(session, srcIo, dstIo, inputs, clientInterface);
+    }
+}
+
+void EffectDescriptorCollection::moveEffects(audio_session_t session,
+        audio_io_handle_t srcIo, audio_io_handle_t dstIo, const AudioInputCollection *inputs,
+        AudioPolicyClientInterface *clientInterface)
+{
+    if ((srcIo != AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE && srcIo == dstIo)
+            || (srcIo == AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE && !hasOrphansForSession(session))) {
+        return;
+    }
+    // Either we may find orphan effects for given session or effects for this session might have
+    // been assigned first to another input (it may happen when an input is released or recreated
+    // after client sets its preferred device)
+    EffectDescriptorCollection effectsToMove;
+    if (srcIo == AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE) {
+        ALOGV("%s: restoring effects for session %d from orphan park to io=%d", __func__,
+                session, dstIo);
+        effectsToMove = getOrphanEffectsForSession(session);
+    } else {
+        ALOGV("%s: moving effects for session %d from io=%d to io=%d", __func__, session, srcIo,
+              dstIo);
+        if (const sp<AudioInputDescriptor>& previousInputDesc = inputs->valueFor(srcIo)) {
+            effectsToMove = getEffectsForIo(srcIo);
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < effectsToMove.size(); ++i) {
+                const sp<EffectDescriptor>& effect = effectsToMove.valueAt(i);
+                effect->mEnabledWhenMoved = effect->mEnabled;
+                previousInputDesc->trackEffectEnabled(effect, false);
+            }
+        } else {
+            ALOGW("%s: no effect descriptor for srcIo %d", __func__, srcIo);
+        }
+    }
+    moveEffects(session, srcIo, dstIo, clientInterface);
+
+    if (dstIo != AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE) {
+        if (const sp<AudioInputDescriptor>& inputDesc = inputs->valueFor(dstIo)) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < effectsToMove.size(); ++i) {
+                const sp<EffectDescriptor>& effect = effectsToMove.valueAt(i);
+                inputDesc->trackEffectEnabled(effect, effect->mEnabledWhenMoved);
+            }
+        } else {
+            ALOGW("%s: no effect descriptor for dstIo %d", __func__, dstIo);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void EffectDescriptorCollection::putOrphanEffectsForIo(audio_io_handle_t srcIo)
+{
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
+        sp<EffectDescriptor> effect = valueAt(i);
+        if (effect->mIo == srcIo) {
+            effect->mIo = AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE;
+            effect->mIsOrphan = true;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void EffectDescriptorCollection::putOrphanEffects(audio_session_t session,
+        audio_io_handle_t srcIo, const AudioInputCollection *inputs,
+        AudioPolicyClientInterface *clientInterface)
+{
+    if (getIoForSession(session) != srcIo) {
+       // Effect session not held by this client io handle
+       return;
+    }
+    ALOGV("%s: park effects for session %d and io=%d to orphans", __func__, session, srcIo);
+    moveEffects(session, srcIo, AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE, inputs, clientInterface);
+}
+
 EffectDescriptorCollection EffectDescriptorCollection::getEffectsForIo(audio_io_handle_t io) const
 {
     EffectDescriptorCollection effects;
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/config/Android.bp b/services/audiopolicy/config/Android.bp
index 671b30a..86600f4 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/config/Android.bp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/config/Android.bp
@@ -112,3 +112,15 @@
     name: "r_submix_audio_policy_configuration",
     srcs: ["r_submix_audio_policy_configuration.xml"],
 }
+filegroup {
+    name: "bluetooth_audio_policy_configuration_7_0",
+    srcs: ["bluetooth_audio_policy_configuration_7_0.xml"],
+}
+filegroup {
+    name: "bluetooth_with_le_audio_policy_configuration_7_0",
+    srcs: ["bluetooth_with_le_audio_policy_configuration_7_0.xml"],
+}
+filegroup {
+    name: "hearing_aid_audio_policy_configuration_7_0",
+    srcs: ["hearing_aid_audio_policy_configuration_7_0.xml"],
+}
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/engine/common/Android.bp b/services/audiopolicy/engine/common/Android.bp
index 6c46c54..0034a04 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/engine/common/Android.bp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/engine/common/Android.bp
@@ -57,4 +57,8 @@
         "libaudiofoundation",
         "libaudiopolicycomponents",
     ],
+    whole_static_libs: [
+        "server_configurable_flags",
+        "com.android.media.audio-aconfig-cc",
+    ],
 }
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/engine/common/src/EngineBase.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/engine/common/src/EngineBase.cpp
index 218aff8..e259e6e 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/engine/common/src/EngineBase.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/engine/common/src/EngineBase.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "EngineBase.h"
 #include "EngineDefaultConfig.h"
 #include <TypeConverter.h>
+#include <com_android_media_audio.h>
 
 namespace android {
 namespace audio_policy {
@@ -178,6 +179,24 @@
                 ALOGE("%s: Invalid %s", __FUNCTION__, configCurve.deviceCategory.c_str());
                 continue;
             }
+            if (!com::android::media::audio::alarm_min_volume_zero()) {
+                /*
+                 * This special handling is done because the audio_policy_volumes.xml
+                 * is updated but if the flag is disabled, the min alarm volume can
+                 * still be zero because the audio_policy_volumes.xml is the source of
+                 * truth. So the index value is modified here to match the flag setting
+                 */
+                if (volumeConfig.name.compare(audio_stream_type_to_string(AUDIO_STREAM_ALARM)) == 0
+                      && deviceCat == DEVICE_CATEGORY_SPEAKER) {
+                    for (auto &point : configCurve.curvePoints) {
+                        if (point.index == 1) {
+                            ALOGD("Mute alarm disabled: Found point with index 1. setting it to 0");
+                            point.index = 0;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
             sp<VolumeCurve> curve = new VolumeCurve(deviceCat);
             for (auto &point : configCurve.curvePoints) {
                 curve->add({point.index, point.attenuationInMb});
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/engineconfigurable/tools/Android.bp b/services/audiopolicy/engineconfigurable/tools/Android.bp
index b6089b7..3aec064 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/engineconfigurable/tools/Android.bp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/engineconfigurable/tools/Android.bp
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@
         ":audio_policy_engine_criteria",
         // ":audio_policy_engine_criterion_types",
         // ":edd_files",
+        ":parameter_frameworks_configuration_schemas",
     ],
     out: ["PolicyConfigurableDomains.xml"],
 }
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/enginedefault/src/Engine.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/enginedefault/src/Engine.cpp
index e06bbb3..13cc165 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/enginedefault/src/Engine.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/enginedefault/src/Engine.cpp
@@ -175,34 +175,37 @@
         //   - cannot route from voice call RX OR
         //   - audio HAL version is < 3.0 and TX device is on the primary HW module
         if (getPhoneState() == AUDIO_MODE_IN_CALL) {
-            audio_devices_t txDevice = AUDIO_DEVICE_NONE;
-            sp<DeviceDescriptor> txDeviceDesc =
-                    getDeviceForInputSource(AUDIO_SOURCE_VOICE_COMMUNICATION);
-            if (txDeviceDesc != nullptr) {
-                txDevice = txDeviceDesc->type();
-            }
             sp<AudioOutputDescriptor> primaryOutput = outputs.getPrimaryOutput();
-            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(primaryOutput == nullptr, "Primary output not found");
-            DeviceVector availPrimaryInputDevices =
-                    availableInputDevices.getDevicesFromHwModule(primaryOutput->getModuleHandle());
+            if (primaryOutput != nullptr) {
+                audio_devices_t txDevice = AUDIO_DEVICE_NONE;
+                sp<DeviceDescriptor> txDeviceDesc =
+                        getDeviceForInputSource(AUDIO_SOURCE_VOICE_COMMUNICATION);
+                if (txDeviceDesc != nullptr) {
+                    txDevice = txDeviceDesc->type();
+                }
+                DeviceVector availPrimaryInputDevices =
+                        availableInputDevices.getDevicesFromHwModule(
+                            primaryOutput->getModuleHandle());
 
-            // TODO: getPrimaryOutput return only devices from first module in
-            // audio_policy_configuration.xml, hearing aid is not there, but it's
-            // a primary device
-            // FIXME: this is not the right way of solving this problem
-            DeviceVector availPrimaryOutputDevices = availableOutputDevices.getDevicesFromTypes(
-                    primaryOutput->supportedDevices().types());
-            availPrimaryOutputDevices.add(
-                    availableOutputDevices.getDevicesFromType(AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_HEARING_AID));
+                // TODO: getPrimaryOutput return only devices from first module in
+                // audio_policy_configuration.xml, hearing aid is not there, but it's
+                // a primary device
+                // FIXME: this is not the right way of solving this problem
+                DeviceVector availPrimaryOutputDevices = availableOutputDevices.getDevicesFromTypes(
+                        primaryOutput->supportedDevices().types());
+                availPrimaryOutputDevices.add(
+                        availableOutputDevices.getDevicesFromType(AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_HEARING_AID));
 
-            if ((availableInputDevices.getDevice(AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_TELEPHONY_RX,
-                                                 String8(""), AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT) == nullptr) ||
-                ((availPrimaryInputDevices.getDevice(
-                        txDevice, String8(""), AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT) != nullptr) &&
-                 (primaryOutput->getPolicyAudioPort()->getModuleVersionMajor() < 3))) {
-                availableOutputDevices = availPrimaryOutputDevices;
+                if ((availableInputDevices.getDevice(AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_TELEPHONY_RX,
+                                                     String8(""), AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT) == nullptr)
+                    || ((availPrimaryInputDevices.getDevice(
+                            txDevice, String8(""), AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT) != nullptr) &&
+                     (primaryOutput->getPolicyAudioPort()->getModuleVersionMajor() < 3))) {
+                    availableOutputDevices = availPrimaryOutputDevices;
+                }
+            } else {
+                ALOGE("%s, STRATEGY_PHONE: Primary output not found", __func__);
             }
-
         }
         // Do not use A2DP devices when in call but use them when not in call
         // (e.g for voice mail playback)
@@ -597,8 +600,11 @@
         if ((getPhoneState() == AUDIO_MODE_IN_CALL) &&
                 (availableOutputDevices.getDevice(AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_TELEPHONY_TX,
                         String8(""), AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT)) == nullptr) {
-            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(availablePrimaryDevices.isEmpty(), "Primary devices not found");
-            availableDevices = availablePrimaryDevices;
+            if (!availablePrimaryDevices.isEmpty()) {
+                availableDevices = availablePrimaryDevices;
+            } else {
+                ALOGE("%s, AUDIO_SOURCE_VOICE_COMMUNICATION: Primary devices not found", __func__);
+            }
         }
 
         if (audio_is_bluetooth_out_sco_device(commDeviceType)) {
@@ -652,8 +658,11 @@
     case AUDIO_SOURCE_HOTWORD:
         // We should not use primary output criteria for Hotword but rather limit
         // to devices attached to the same HW module as the build in mic
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(availablePrimaryDevices.isEmpty(), "Primary devices not found");
-        availableDevices = availablePrimaryDevices;
+        if (!availablePrimaryDevices.isEmpty()) {
+            availableDevices = availablePrimaryDevices;
+        } else {
+            ALOGE("%s, AUDIO_SOURCE_HOTWORD: Primary devices not found", __func__);
+        }
         if (audio_is_bluetooth_out_sco_device(commDeviceType)) {
             device = availableDevices.getDevice(
                     AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_BLUETOOTH_SCO_HEADSET, String8(""), AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT);
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/Android.bp b/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/Android.bp
index a1785da..6a37b4e 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/Android.bp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/Android.bp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
     export_include_dirs: ["."],
 
     shared_libs: [
+        "com.android.media.audio-aconfig-cc",
         "libaudiofoundation",
         "libaudiopolicycomponents",
         "libcutils",
@@ -42,6 +43,8 @@
         "framework-permission-aidl-cpp",
         "libaudioclient_aidl_conversion",
         "audioclient-types-aidl-cpp",
+        // Flag support
+        "com.android.media.audioserver-aconfig-cc"
     ],
 
     header_libs: [
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.cpp
index 2fd908f..24744a6 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include "utils/Errors.h"
 #define LOG_TAG "APM_AudioPolicyManager"
 
 // Need to keep the log statements even in production builds
@@ -40,6 +41,8 @@
 
 #include <Serializer.h>
 #include <android/media/audio/common/AudioPort.h>
+#include <com_android_media_audio.h>
+#include <com_android_media_audioserver.h>
 #include <cutils/bitops.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include <media/AudioParameter.h>
@@ -337,7 +340,7 @@
                     outputsToReopenWithDevices.emplace(mOutputs.keyAt(i), newDevices);
                     continue;
                 }
-                setOutputDevices(desc, newDevices, force, 0);
+                setOutputDevices(__func__, desc, newDevices, force, 0);
             }
             if (!desc->isDuplicated() && desc->mProfile->hasDynamicAudioProfile() &&
                     !activeMediaDevices.empty() && desc->devices() != activeMediaDevices &&
@@ -510,11 +513,6 @@
                                                       const char *device_name,
                                                       audio_format_t encodedFormat)
 {
-    status_t status;
-    String8 reply;
-    AudioParameter param;
-    int isReconfigA2dpSupported = 0;
-
     ALOGV("handleDeviceConfigChange(() device: 0x%X, address %s name %s encodedFormat: 0x%X",
           device, device_address, device_name, encodedFormat);
 
@@ -536,19 +534,22 @@
     // Case 1: A2DP active device switches from primary to primary
     // module
     // Case 2: A2DP device config changes on primary module.
-    if (audio_is_a2dp_out_device(device) && hasPrimaryOutput()) {
+    if (device_has_encoding_capability(device) && hasPrimaryOutput()) {
         sp<HwModule> module = mHwModules.getModuleForDeviceType(device, encodedFormat);
         audio_module_handle_t primaryHandle = mPrimaryOutput->getModuleHandle();
         if (availablePrimaryOutputDevices().contains(devDesc) &&
            (module != 0 && module->getHandle() == primaryHandle)) {
-            reply = mpClientInterface->getParameters(
-                        AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE,
-                        String8(AudioParameter::keyReconfigA2dpSupported));
+            bool isA2dp = audio_is_a2dp_out_device(device);
+            const String8 supportKey = isA2dp ? String8(AudioParameter::keyReconfigA2dpSupported)
+                    : String8(AudioParameter::keyReconfigLeSupported);
+            String8 reply = mpClientInterface->getParameters(AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE, supportKey);
             AudioParameter repliedParameters(reply);
-            repliedParameters.getInt(
-                    String8(AudioParameter::keyReconfigA2dpSupported), isReconfigA2dpSupported);
-            if (isReconfigA2dpSupported) {
-                const String8 key(AudioParameter::keyReconfigA2dp);
+            int isReconfigSupported;
+            repliedParameters.getInt(supportKey, isReconfigSupported);
+            if (isReconfigSupported) {
+                const String8 key = isA2dp ? String8(AudioParameter::keyReconfigA2dp)
+                        : String8(AudioParameter::keyReconfigLe);
+                AudioParameter param;
                 param.add(key, String8("true"));
                 mpClientInterface->setParameters(AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE, param.toString());
                 devDesc->setEncodedFormat(encodedFormat);
@@ -568,7 +569,7 @@
     }
     // Toggle the device state: UNAVAILABLE -> AVAILABLE
     // This will force reading again the device configuration
-    status = setDeviceConnectionState(device,
+    status_t status = setDeviceConnectionState(device,
                                       AUDIO_POLICY_DEVICE_STATE_UNAVAILABLE,
                                       device_address, device_name,
                                       devDesc->getEncodedFormat());
@@ -657,7 +658,7 @@
 
 status_t AudioPolicyManager::updateCallRouting(bool fromCache, uint32_t delayMs, uint32_t *waitMs)
 {
-    if (mEngine->getPhoneState() == AUDIO_MODE_IN_CALL && hasPrimaryOutput()) {
+    if (mEngine->getPhoneState() == AUDIO_MODE_IN_CALL) {
         DeviceVector rxDevices = selectBestRxSinkDevicesForCall(fromCache);
         return updateCallRoutingInternal(rxDevices, delayMs, waitMs);
     }
@@ -670,14 +671,21 @@
     bool createTxPatch = false;
     bool createRxPatch = false;
     uint32_t muteWaitMs = 0;
-    if(!hasPrimaryOutput() ||
+    if (hasPrimaryOutput() &&
             mPrimaryOutput->devices().onlyContainsDevicesWithType(AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_STUB)) {
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
-    ALOG_ASSERT(!rxDevices.isEmpty(), "%s() no selected output device", __func__);
 
     audio_attributes_t attr = { .source = AUDIO_SOURCE_VOICE_COMMUNICATION };
     auto txSourceDevice = mEngine->getInputDeviceForAttributes(attr);
+
+    disconnectTelephonyAudioSource(mCallRxSourceClient);
+    disconnectTelephonyAudioSource(mCallTxSourceClient);
+
+    if (rxDevices.isEmpty()) {
+        ALOGW("%s() no selected output device", __func__);
+        return INVALID_OPERATION;
+    }
     if (txSourceDevice == nullptr) {
         ALOGE("%s() selected input device not available", __func__);
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
@@ -686,9 +694,6 @@
     ALOGV("%s device rxDevice %s txDevice %s", __func__,
           rxDevices.itemAt(0)->toString().c_str(), txSourceDevice->toString().c_str());
 
-    disconnectTelephonyAudioSource(mCallRxSourceClient);
-    disconnectTelephonyAudioSource(mCallTxSourceClient);
-
     auto telephonyRxModule =
         mHwModules.getModuleForDeviceType(AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_TELEPHONY_RX, AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT);
     auto telephonyTxModule =
@@ -728,7 +733,11 @@
     // Use legacy routing method for voice calls via setOutputDevice() on primary output.
     // Otherwise, create two audio patches for TX and RX path.
     if (!createRxPatch) {
-        muteWaitMs = setOutputDevices(mPrimaryOutput, rxDevices, true, delayMs);
+        if (!hasPrimaryOutput()) {
+            ALOGW("%s() no primary output available", __func__);
+            return INVALID_OPERATION;
+        }
+        muteWaitMs = setOutputDevices(__func__, mPrimaryOutput, rxDevices, true, delayMs);
     } else { // create RX path audio patch
         connectTelephonyRxAudioSource();
         // If the TX device is on the primary HW module but RX device is
@@ -773,7 +782,11 @@
         .ext.device.type = AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_TELEPHONY_RX, .ext.device.address = ""
     };
     const auto aa = mEngine->getAttributesForStreamType(AUDIO_STREAM_VOICE_CALL);
-    mCallRxSourceClient = startAudioSourceInternal(&source, &aa, 0/*uid*/);
+
+    audio_port_handle_t portId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
+    status_t status = startAudioSource(&source, &aa, &portId, 0 /*uid*/, true /*internal*/);
+    ALOGE_IF(status != OK, "%s: failed to start audio source (%d)", __func__, status);
+    mCallRxSourceClient = mAudioSources.valueFor(portId);
     ALOGE_IF(mCallRxSourceClient == nullptr,
              "%s failed to start Telephony Rx AudioSource", __func__);
 }
@@ -806,9 +819,11 @@
 
     struct audio_port_config source = {};
     srcDevice->toAudioPortConfig(&source);
-    mCallTxSourceClient = new InternalSourceClientDescriptor(
-                callTxSourceClientPortId, mUidCached, aa, source, srcDevice, sinkDevice,
-                mCommunnicationStrategy, toVolumeSource(aa));
+    mCallTxSourceClient = new SourceClientDescriptor(
+                callTxSourceClientPortId, mUidCached, aa, source, srcDevice, AUDIO_STREAM_PATCH,
+                mCommunnicationStrategy, toVolumeSource(aa), true);
+    mCallTxSourceClient->setPreferredDeviceId(sinkDevice->getId());
+
     audio_patch_handle_t patchHandle = AUDIO_PATCH_HANDLE_NONE;
     status_t status = connectAudioSourceToSink(
                 mCallTxSourceClient, sinkDevice, patchBuilder.patch(), patchHandle, mUidCached,
@@ -874,21 +889,21 @@
         }
     }
 
-    if (hasPrimaryOutput()) {
-        if (state == AUDIO_MODE_IN_CALL) {
-            (void)updateCallRouting(false /*fromCache*/, delayMs);
-        } else {
+    if (state == AUDIO_MODE_IN_CALL) {
+        (void)updateCallRouting(false /*fromCache*/, delayMs);
+    } else {
+        if (oldState == AUDIO_MODE_IN_CALL) {
+            disconnectTelephonyAudioSource(mCallRxSourceClient);
+            disconnectTelephonyAudioSource(mCallTxSourceClient);
+        }
+        if (hasPrimaryOutput()) {
             DeviceVector rxDevices = getNewOutputDevices(mPrimaryOutput, false /*fromCache*/);
             // force routing command to audio hardware when ending call
             // even if no device change is needed
             if (isStateInCall(oldState) && rxDevices.isEmpty()) {
                 rxDevices = mPrimaryOutput->devices();
             }
-            if (oldState == AUDIO_MODE_IN_CALL) {
-                disconnectTelephonyAudioSource(mCallRxSourceClient);
-                disconnectTelephonyAudioSource(mCallTxSourceClient);
-            }
-            setOutputDevices(mPrimaryOutput, rxDevices, force, 0);
+            setOutputDevices(__func__, mPrimaryOutput, rxDevices, force, 0);
         }
     }
 
@@ -906,7 +921,7 @@
                 outputsToReopen.emplace(mOutputs.keyAt(i), newDevices);
                 continue;
             }
-            setOutputDevices(desc, newDevices, forceRouting, 0 /*delayMs*/, nullptr,
+            setOutputDevices(__func__, desc, newDevices, forceRouting, 0 /*delayMs*/, nullptr,
                              true /*requiresMuteCheck*/, !forceRouting /*requiresVolumeCheck*/);
         }
     }
@@ -1210,13 +1225,14 @@
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
     if (usePrimaryOutputFromPolicyMixes) {
-        sp<DeviceDescriptor> deviceDesc =
+        sp<DeviceDescriptor> policyMixDevice =
                 mAvailableOutputDevices.getDevice(primaryMix->mDeviceType,
                                                   primaryMix->mDeviceAddress,
                                                   AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT);
         sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor> policyDesc = primaryMix->getOutput();
         bool tryDirectForFlags = policyDesc == nullptr ||
-                (policyDesc->mFlags & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT);
+                (policyDesc->mFlags & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT) ||
+                (*flags & (AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_HW_AV_SYNC | AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_MMAP_NOIRQ));
         // if a direct output can be opened to deliver the track's multi-channel content to the
         // output rather than being downmixed by the primary output, then use this direct
         // output by by-passing the primary mix if possible, otherwise fall-through to primary
@@ -1224,23 +1240,29 @@
         bool tryDirectForChannelMask = policyDesc != nullptr
                     && (audio_channel_count_from_out_mask(policyDesc->getConfig().channel_mask) <
                         audio_channel_count_from_out_mask(config->channel_mask));
-        if (deviceDesc != nullptr && (tryDirectForFlags || tryDirectForChannelMask)) {
+        if (policyMixDevice != nullptr && (tryDirectForFlags || tryDirectForChannelMask)) {
             audio_io_handle_t newOutput;
             status = openDirectOutput(
                     *stream, session, config,
                     (audio_output_flags_t)(*flags | AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT),
-                    DeviceVector(deviceDesc), &newOutput);
+                    DeviceVector(policyMixDevice), &newOutput);
             if (status == NO_ERROR) {
                 policyDesc = mOutputs.valueFor(newOutput);
                 primaryMix->setOutput(policyDesc);
             } else if (tryDirectForFlags) {
+                ALOGW("%s, failed open direct, status: %d", __func__, status);
                 policyDesc = nullptr;
             } // otherwise use primary if available.
         }
         if (policyDesc != nullptr) {
             policyDesc->mPolicyMix = primaryMix;
             *output = policyDesc->mIoHandle;
-            *selectedDeviceId = deviceDesc != 0 ? deviceDesc->getId() : AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
+            *selectedDeviceId = policyMixDevice != nullptr ? policyMixDevice->getId()
+                                                           : AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
+            if ((policyDesc->mFlags & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT) != AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT) {
+                // Remove direct flag as it is not on a direct output.
+                *flags = (audio_output_flags_t) (*flags & ~AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT);
+            }
 
             ALOGV("getOutputForAttr() returns output %d", *output);
             if (resultAttr->usage == AUDIO_USAGE_VIRTUAL_SOURCE) {
@@ -1249,6 +1271,13 @@
                 *outputType = API_OUTPUT_LEGACY;
             }
             return NO_ERROR;
+        } else {
+            if (policyMixDevice != nullptr) {
+                ALOGE("%s, try to use primary mix but no output found", __func__);
+                return INVALID_OPERATION;
+            }
+            // Fallback to default engine selection as the selected primary mix device is not
+            // available.
         }
     }
     // Virtual sources must always be dynamicaly or explicitly routed
@@ -1325,10 +1354,15 @@
         AudioProfileVector profiles;
         status_t ret = getProfilesForDevices(outputDevices, profiles, *flags, false /*isInput*/);
         if (ret == NO_ERROR && !profiles.empty()) {
-            config->channel_mask = profiles[0]->getChannels().empty() ? config->channel_mask
-                    : *profiles[0]->getChannels().begin();
-            config->sample_rate = profiles[0]->getSampleRates().empty() ? config->sample_rate
-                    : *profiles[0]->getSampleRates().begin();
+            const auto channels = profiles[0]->getChannels();
+            if (!channels.empty() && (channels.find(config->channel_mask) == channels.end())) {
+                config->channel_mask = *channels.begin();
+            }
+            const auto sampleRates = profiles[0]->getSampleRates();
+            if (!sampleRates.empty() &&
+                    (sampleRates.find(config->sample_rate) == sampleRates.end())) {
+                config->sample_rate = *sampleRates.begin();
+            }
             config->format = profiles[0]->getFormat();
         }
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
@@ -1482,11 +1516,30 @@
     }
 
     if (!profile->canOpenNewIo()) {
+        if (!com::android::media::audioserver::direct_track_reprioritization()) {
+            return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
+        } else if ((profile->getFlags() & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_MMAP_NOIRQ) != 0) {
+            // MMAP gracefully handles lack of an exclusive track resource by mixing
+            // above the audio framework. For AAudio to know that the limit is reached,
+            // return an error.
+            return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
+        } else {
+            // Close outputs on this profile, if available, to free resources for this request
+            for (int i = 0; i < mOutputs.size() && !profile->canOpenNewIo(); i++) {
+                const auto desc = mOutputs.valueAt(i);
+                if (desc->mProfile == profile) {
+                    closeOutput(desc->mIoHandle);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Unable to close streams to find free resources for this request
+    if (!profile->canOpenNewIo()) {
         return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
     }
 
-    sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor> outputDesc =
-            new SwAudioOutputDescriptor(profile, mpClientInterface);
+    auto outputDesc = sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor>::make(profile, mpClientInterface);
 
     // An MSD patch may be using the only output stream that can service this request. Release
     // all MSD patches to prioritize this request over any active output on MSD.
@@ -1579,9 +1632,13 @@
         *flags = (audio_output_flags_t)(*flags | AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_ULTRASOUND);
     }
 
+    // Use the spatializer output if the content can be spatialized, no preferred mixer
+    // was specified and offload or direct playback is not explicitly requested.
     *isSpatialized = false;
     if (mSpatializerOutput != nullptr
-            && canBeSpatializedInt(attr, config, devices.toTypeAddrVector())) {
+            && canBeSpatializedInt(attr, config, devices.toTypeAddrVector())
+            && prefMixerConfigInfo == nullptr
+            && ((*flags & (AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_COMPRESS_OFFLOAD | AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT)) == 0)) {
         *isSpatialized = true;
         return mSpatializerOutput->mIoHandle;
     }
@@ -2335,7 +2392,8 @@
             return DEAD_OBJECT;
         }
         const uint32_t muteWaitMs =
-                setOutputDevices(outputDesc, devices, force, 0, nullptr, requiresMuteCheck);
+                setOutputDevices(__func__, outputDesc, devices, force, 0, nullptr,
+                                 requiresMuteCheck);
 
         // apply volume rules for current stream and device if necessary
         auto &curves = getVolumeCurves(client->attributes());
@@ -2418,7 +2476,7 @@
                     outputsToReopen.emplace(mOutputs.keyAt(i), newDevices);
                     continue;
                 }
-                setOutputDevices(desc, newDevices, force, delayMs);
+                setOutputDevices(__func__, desc, newDevices, force, delayMs);
                 // re-apply device specific volume if not done by setOutputDevice()
                 if (!force) {
                     applyStreamVolumes(desc, newDevices.types(), delayMs);
@@ -2520,7 +2578,7 @@
             // still contain data that needs to be drained. The latency only covers the audio HAL
             // and kernel buffers. Also the latency does not always include additional delay in the
             // audio path (audio DSP, CODEC ...)
-            setOutputDevices(outputDesc, newDevices, false, outputDesc->latency()*2,
+            setOutputDevices(__func__, outputDesc, newDevices, false, outputDesc->latency()*2,
                              nullptr, true /*requiresMuteCheck*/, requiresVolumeCheck);
 
             // force restoring the device selection on other active outputs if it differs from the
@@ -2543,7 +2601,7 @@
                         outputsToReopen.emplace(mOutputs.keyAt(i), newDevices2);
                         continue;
                     }
-                    setOutputDevices(desc, newDevices2, force, delayMs);
+                    setOutputDevices(__func__, desc, newDevices2, force, delayMs);
 
                     // re-apply device specific volume if not done by setOutputDevice()
                     if (!force) {
@@ -2646,6 +2704,7 @@
     sp<AudioPolicyMix> policyMix;
     sp<DeviceDescriptor> device;
     sp<AudioInputDescriptor> inputDesc;
+    sp<AudioInputDescriptor> previousInputDesc;
     sp<RecordClientDescriptor> clientDesc;
     audio_port_handle_t requestedDeviceId = *selectedDeviceId;
     uid_t uid = VALUE_OR_RETURN_STATUS(aidl2legacy_int32_t_uid_t(attributionSource.uid));
@@ -2775,10 +2834,15 @@
         status_t ret = getProfilesForDevices(
                 DeviceVector(device), profiles, flags, true /*isInput*/);
         if (ret == NO_ERROR && !profiles.empty()) {
-            config->channel_mask = profiles[0]->getChannels().empty() ? config->channel_mask
-                    : *profiles[0]->getChannels().begin();
-            config->sample_rate = profiles[0]->getSampleRates().empty() ? config->sample_rate
-                    : *profiles[0]->getSampleRates().begin();
+            const auto channels = profiles[0]->getChannels();
+            if (!channels.empty() && (channels.find(config->channel_mask) == channels.end())) {
+                config->channel_mask = *channels.begin();
+            }
+            const auto sampleRates = profiles[0]->getSampleRates();
+            if (!sampleRates.empty() &&
+                    (sampleRates.find(config->sample_rate) == sampleRates.end())) {
+                config->sample_rate = *sampleRates.begin();
+            }
             config->format = profiles[0]->getFormat();
         }
         goto error;
@@ -2797,6 +2861,8 @@
                                             requestedDeviceId, attributes.source, flags,
                                             isSoundTrigger);
     inputDesc = mInputs.valueFor(*input);
+    // Move (if found) effect for the client session to its input
+    mEffects.moveEffectsForIo(session, *input, &mInputs, mpClientInterface);
     inputDesc->addClient(clientDesc);
 
     ALOGV("getInputForAttr() returns input %d type %d selectedDeviceId %d for port ID %d",
@@ -3106,7 +3172,7 @@
     ALOGV("%s %d", __FUNCTION__, input);
 
     inputDesc->removeClient(portId);
-
+    mEffects.putOrphanEffects(client->session(), input, &mInputs, mpClientInterface);
     if (inputDesc->getClientCount() > 0) {
         ALOGV("%s(%d) %zu clients remaining", __func__, portId, inputDesc->getClientCount());
         return;
@@ -3484,8 +3550,8 @@
     }
 
     if (output != mMusicEffectOutput) {
-        mEffects.moveEffects(AUDIO_SESSION_OUTPUT_MIX, mMusicEffectOutput, output);
-        mpClientInterface->moveEffects(AUDIO_SESSION_OUTPUT_MIX, mMusicEffectOutput, output);
+        mEffects.moveEffects(AUDIO_SESSION_OUTPUT_MIX, mMusicEffectOutput, output,
+                mpClientInterface);
         mMusicEffectOutput = output;
     }
 
@@ -3797,6 +3863,17 @@
     return res;
 }
 
+status_t AudioPolicyManager::updatePolicyMix(
+            const AudioMix& mix,
+            const std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion>& updatedCriteria) {
+    status_t res = mPolicyMixes.updateMix(mix, updatedCriteria);
+    if (res == NO_ERROR) {
+        checkForDeviceAndOutputChanges();
+        updateCallAndOutputRouting();
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
 void AudioPolicyManager::dumpManualSurroundFormats(String8 *dst) const
 {
     size_t i = 0;
@@ -3959,8 +4036,9 @@
                 outputsToReopen.emplace(mOutputs.keyAt(i), newDevices);
                 continue;
             }
-            waitMs = setOutputDevices(outputDesc, newDevices, forceRouting, delayMs, nullptr,
-                                      !skipDelays /*requiresMuteCheck*/,
+
+            waitMs = setOutputDevices(__func__, outputDesc, newDevices, forceRouting, delayMs,
+                                       nullptr, !skipDelays /*requiresMuteCheck*/,
                                       !forceRouting /*requiresVolumeCheck*/, skipDelays);
             // Only apply special touch sound delay once
             delayMs = 0;
@@ -4805,9 +4883,11 @@
     audio_attributes_t attributes = attributes_initializer(AUDIO_USAGE_MEDIA);
     const struct audio_port_config *source = &patch->sources[0];
     sp<SourceClientDescriptor> sourceDesc =
-            new InternalSourceClientDescriptor(
-                portId, uid, attributes, *source, srcDevice, sinkDevice,
-                mEngine->getProductStrategyForAttributes(attributes), toVolumeSource(attributes));
+            new SourceClientDescriptor(
+                portId, uid, attributes, *source, srcDevice, AUDIO_STREAM_PATCH,
+                mEngine->getProductStrategyForAttributes(attributes), toVolumeSource(attributes),
+                true);
+    sourceDesc->setPreferredDeviceId(sinkDevice->getId());
 
     status_t status =
             connectAudioSourceToSink(sourceDesc, sinkDevice, patch, *handle, uid, 0 /* delayMs */);
@@ -4947,7 +5027,7 @@
         // TODO: reconfigure output format and channels here
         ALOGV("%s setting device %s on output %d",
               __func__, dumpDeviceTypes(devices.types()).c_str(), outputDesc->mIoHandle);
-        setOutputDevices(outputDesc, devices, true, 0, handle);
+        setOutputDevices(__func__, outputDesc, devices, true, 0, handle);
         index = mAudioPatches.indexOfKey(*handle);
         if (index >= 0) {
             if (patchDesc != 0 && patchDesc != mAudioPatches.valueAt(index)) {
@@ -5206,7 +5286,7 @@
             return BAD_VALUE;
         }
 
-        setOutputDevices(outputDesc,
+        setOutputDevices(__func__, outputDesc,
                          getNewOutputDevices(outputDesc, true /*fromCache*/),
                          true,
                          0,
@@ -5244,14 +5324,9 @@
                 return NO_ERROR;
             }
             patchHandle = outputDesc->getPatchHandle();
-            // When a Sw bridge is released, the mixer used by this bridge will release its
-            // patch at AudioFlinger side. Hence, the mixer audio patch must be recreated
-            // Reuse patch handle to force audio flinger removing initial mixer patch removal
-            // updating hal patch handle (prevent leaks).
             // While using a HwBridge, force reconsidering device only if not reusing an existing
             // output and no more activity on output (will force to close).
-            bool force = sourceDesc->useSwBridge() ||
-                    (sourceDesc->canCloseOutput() && !outputDesc->isActive());
+            const bool force = sourceDesc->canCloseOutput() && !outputDesc->isActive();
             // APM pattern is to have always outputs opened / patch realized for reachable devices.
             // Update device may result to NONE (empty), coupled with force, it releases the patch.
             // Reconsider device only for cases:
@@ -5260,7 +5335,7 @@
             //      3 / Inactive Output previously hosting SwBridge that can be closed.
             bool updateDevice = outputDesc->isActive() || !sourceDesc->useSwBridge() ||
                     sourceDesc->canCloseOutput();
-            setOutputDevices(outputDesc,
+            setOutputDevices(__func__, outputDesc,
                              updateDevice ? getNewOutputDevices(outputDesc, true /*fromCache*/) :
                                             outputDesc->devices(),
                              force,
@@ -5397,7 +5472,7 @@
                 outputsToReopen.emplace(mOutputs.keyAt(j), newDevices);
                 continue;
             }
-            setOutputDevices(outputDesc, newDevices, false);
+            setOutputDevices(__func__, outputDesc, newDevices, false);
         }
     }
     reopenOutputsWithDevices(outputsToReopen);
@@ -5479,7 +5554,7 @@
 status_t AudioPolicyManager::startAudioSource(const struct audio_port_config *source,
                                               const audio_attributes_t *attributes,
                                               audio_port_handle_t *portId,
-                                              uid_t uid)
+                                              uid_t uid, bool internal)
 {
     ALOGV("%s", __FUNCTION__);
     *portId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
@@ -5512,7 +5587,7 @@
         new SourceClientDescriptor(*portId, uid, *attributes, *source, srcDevice,
                                    mEngine->getStreamTypeForAttributes(*attributes),
                                    mEngine->getProductStrategyForAttributes(*attributes),
-                                   toVolumeSource(*attributes));
+                                   toVolumeSource(*attributes), internal);
 
     status_t status = connectAudioSource(sourceDesc);
     if (status == NO_ERROR) {
@@ -5521,18 +5596,6 @@
     return status;
 }
 
-sp<SourceClientDescriptor> AudioPolicyManager::startAudioSourceInternal(
-        const struct audio_port_config *source, const audio_attributes_t *attributes, uid_t uid)
-{
-    ALOGV("%s", __FUNCTION__);
-    audio_port_handle_t portId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
-
-    status_t status = startAudioSource(source, attributes, &portId, uid);
-    ALOGE_IF(status != OK, "%s: failed to start audio source (%d)", __func__, status);
-    return mAudioSources.valueFor(portId);
-}
-
-
 status_t AudioPolicyManager::connectAudioSource(const sp<SourceClientDescriptor>& sourceDesc)
 {
     ALOGV("%s handle %d", __FUNCTION__, sourceDesc->portId());
@@ -5941,15 +6004,24 @@
     // The caller can have the audio config criteria ignored by either passing a null ptr or
     // the AUDIO_CONFIG_INITIALIZER value.
     // If an audio config is specified, current policy is to only allow spatialization for
-    // some positional channel masks and PCM format
+    // some positional channel masks and PCM format and for stereo if low latency performance
+    // mode is not requested.
 
     if (config != nullptr && *config != AUDIO_CONFIG_INITIALIZER) {
-        if (!audio_is_channel_mask_spatialized(config->channel_mask)) {
+        const bool channel_mask_spatialized =
+                com_android_media_audio_stereo_spatialization()
+                ? audio_channel_mask_contains_stereo(config->channel_mask)
+                : audio_is_channel_mask_spatialized(config->channel_mask);
+        if (!channel_mask_spatialized) {
             return false;
         }
         if (!audio_is_linear_pcm(config->format)) {
             return false;
         }
+        if (config->channel_mask == AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO
+                && ((attr->flags & AUDIO_FLAG_LOW_LATENCY) != 0)) {
+            return false;
+        }
     }
 
     sp<IOProfile> profile =
@@ -6274,12 +6346,13 @@
             if (mPrimaryOutput == nullptr &&
                     outProfile->getFlags() & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_PRIMARY) {
                 mPrimaryOutput = outputDesc;
+                mPrimaryModuleHandle = mPrimaryOutput->getModuleHandle();
             }
             if ((outProfile->getFlags() & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT) != 0) {
                 outputDesc->close();
             } else {
                 addOutput(output, outputDesc);
-                setOutputDevices(outputDesc,
+                setOutputDevices(__func__, outputDesc,
                                  DeviceVector(supportedDevice),
                                  true,
                                  0,
@@ -6479,8 +6552,8 @@
                 if (device_distinguishes_on_address(deviceType)) {
                     ALOGV("checkOutputsForDevice(): setOutputDevices %s",
                             device->toString().c_str());
-                    setOutputDevices(desc, DeviceVector(device), true/*force*/, 0/*delay*/,
-                                     NULL/*patch handle*/);
+                    setOutputDevices(__func__, desc, DeviceVector(device), true/*force*/,
+                                      0/*delay*/, NULL/*patch handle*/);
                 }
                 ALOGV("checkOutputsForDevice(): adding output %d", output);
             }
@@ -6680,7 +6753,7 @@
         return;
     }
     const bool closingOutputWasActive = closingOutput->isActive();
-    mPolicyMixes.closeOutput(closingOutput);
+    mPolicyMixes.closeOutput(closingOutput, mOutputs);
 
     // look for duplicated outputs connected to the output being removed.
     for (size_t i = 0; i < mOutputs.size(); i++) {
@@ -6724,6 +6797,12 @@
         closingOutput->stop();
     }
     closingOutput->close();
+    if ((closingOutput->getFlags().output & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_BIT_PERFECT)
+            == AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_BIT_PERFECT) {
+        for (const auto device : closingOutput->devices()) {
+            device->setPreferredConfig(nullptr);
+        }
+    }
 
     removeOutput(output);
     mPreviousOutputs = mOutputs;
@@ -6775,6 +6854,7 @@
         mpClientInterface->onAudioPatchListUpdate();
     }
 
+    mEffects.putOrphanEffectsForIo(input);
     inputDesc->close();
     mInputs.removeItem(input);
 
@@ -7107,7 +7187,9 @@
 DeviceVector AudioPolicyManager::getNewOutputDevices(const sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor>& outputDesc,
                                                      bool fromCache)
 {
-    DeviceVector devices;
+    if (outputDesc == nullptr) {
+        return DeviceVector{};
+    }
 
     ssize_t index = mAudioPatches.indexOfKey(outputDesc->getPatchHandle());
     if (index >= 0) {
@@ -7141,6 +7223,7 @@
         return DeviceVector(device);
     }
 
+    DeviceVector devices;
     for (const auto &productStrategy : mEngine->getOrderedProductStrategies()) {
         StreamTypeVector streams = mEngine->getStreamTypesForProductStrategy(productStrategy);
         auto attr = mEngine->getAllAttributesForProductStrategy(productStrategy).front();
@@ -7363,7 +7446,7 @@
                 if (!desc->supportedDevices().containsAtLeastOne(outputDesc->supportedDevices())) {
                     continue;
                 }
-                ALOGVV("%s() %s (curDevice %s)", __func__,
+                ALOGVV("%s() output %s %s (curDevice %s)", __func__, desc->info().c_str(),
                       mute ? "muting" : "unmuting", curDevices.toString().c_str());
                 setStrategyMute(productStrategy, mute, desc, mute ? 0 : delayMs);
                 if (desc->isStrategyActive(productStrategy)) {
@@ -7416,7 +7499,8 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-uint32_t AudioPolicyManager::setOutputDevices(const sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor>& outputDesc,
+uint32_t AudioPolicyManager::setOutputDevices(const char *caller,
+                                              const sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor>& outputDesc,
                                               const DeviceVector &devices,
                                               bool force,
                                               int delayMs,
@@ -7425,13 +7509,15 @@
                                               bool skipMuteDelay)
 {
     // TODO(b/262404095): Consider if the output need to be reopened.
-    ALOGV("%s device %s delayMs %d", __func__, devices.toString().c_str(), delayMs);
+    std::string logPrefix = std::string("caller ") + caller + outputDesc->info();
+    ALOGV("%s %s device %s delayMs %d", __func__, logPrefix.c_str(),
+          devices.toString().c_str(), delayMs);
     uint32_t muteWaitMs;
 
     if (outputDesc->isDuplicated()) {
-        muteWaitMs = setOutputDevices(outputDesc->subOutput1(), devices, force, delayMs,
+        muteWaitMs = setOutputDevices(__func__, outputDesc->subOutput1(), devices, force, delayMs,
                 nullptr /* patchHandle */, requiresMuteCheck, skipMuteDelay);
-        muteWaitMs += setOutputDevices(outputDesc->subOutput2(), devices, force, delayMs,
+        muteWaitMs += setOutputDevices(__func__, outputDesc->subOutput2(), devices, force, delayMs,
                 nullptr /* patchHandle */, requiresMuteCheck, skipMuteDelay);
         return muteWaitMs;
     }
@@ -7441,7 +7527,8 @@
     DeviceVector prevDevices = outputDesc->devices();
     DeviceVector availPrevDevices = mAvailableOutputDevices.filter(prevDevices);
 
-    ALOGV("setOutputDevices() prevDevice %s", prevDevices.toString().c_str());
+    ALOGV("%s %s prevDevice %s", __func__, logPrefix.c_str(),
+          prevDevices.toString().c_str());
 
     if (!filteredDevices.isEmpty()) {
         outputDesc->setDevices(filteredDevices);
@@ -7451,7 +7538,8 @@
     if (requiresMuteCheck) {
         muteWaitMs = checkDeviceMuteStrategies(outputDesc, prevDevices, delayMs);
     } else {
-        ALOGV("%s: suppressing checkDeviceMuteStrategies", __func__);
+        ALOGV("%s: %s suppressing checkDeviceMuteStrategies", __func__,
+              logPrefix.c_str());
         muteWaitMs = 0;
     }
 
@@ -7461,7 +7549,8 @@
     // output profile or if new device is not supported AND previous device(s) is(are) still
     // available (otherwise reset device must be done on the output)
     if (!devices.isEmpty() && filteredDevices.isEmpty() && !availPrevDevices.empty()) {
-        ALOGV("%s: unsupported device %s for output", __func__, devices.toString().c_str());
+        ALOGV("%s: %s unsupported device %s for output", __func__, logPrefix.c_str(),
+              devices.toString().c_str());
         // restore previous device after evaluating strategy mute state
         outputDesc->setDevices(prevDevices);
         return muteWaitMs;
@@ -7474,16 +7563,19 @@
     //  AND the output is connected by a valid audio patch.
     // Doing this check here allows the caller to call setOutputDevices() without conditions
     if ((filteredDevices.isEmpty() || filteredDevices == prevDevices) && !force && outputRouted) {
-        ALOGV("%s setting same device %s or null device, force=%d, patch handle=%d", __func__,
-              filteredDevices.toString().c_str(), force, outputDesc->getPatchHandle());
+        ALOGV("%s %s setting same device %s or null device, force=%d, patch handle=%d",
+              __func__, logPrefix.c_str(), filteredDevices.toString().c_str(), force,
+              outputDesc->getPatchHandle());
         if (requiresVolumeCheck && !filteredDevices.isEmpty()) {
-            ALOGV("%s setting same device on routed output, force apply volumes", __func__);
+            ALOGV("%s %s setting same device on routed output, force apply volumes",
+                  __func__, logPrefix.c_str());
             applyStreamVolumes(outputDesc, filteredDevices.types(), delayMs, true /*force*/);
         }
         return muteWaitMs;
     }
 
-    ALOGV("%s changing device to %s", __func__, filteredDevices.toString().c_str());
+    ALOGV("%s %s changing device to %s", __func__, logPrefix.c_str(),
+          filteredDevices.toString().c_str());
 
     // do the routing
     if (filteredDevices.isEmpty() || mAvailableOutputDevices.filter(filteredDevices).empty()) {
@@ -8345,6 +8437,12 @@
         ALOGE("%s failed to open output %d", __func__, status);
         return nullptr;
     }
+    if ((flags & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_BIT_PERFECT) == AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_BIT_PERFECT) {
+        auto portConfig = desc->getConfig();
+        for (const auto& device : devices) {
+            device->setPreferredConfig(&portConfig);
+        }
+    }
 
     // Here is where the out_set_parameters() for card & device gets called
     sp<DeviceDescriptor> device = devices.getDeviceForOpening();
@@ -8423,6 +8521,7 @@
     if (mPrimaryOutput == nullptr && profile->getFlags() & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_PRIMARY) {
         ALOGV("%s(): re-assigning mPrimaryOutput", __func__);
         mPrimaryOutput = desc;
+        mPrimaryModuleHandle = mPrimaryOutput->getModuleHandle();
     }
     return desc;
 }
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.h b/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.h
index 8f8550c..ea60c2b 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.h
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.h
@@ -292,6 +292,9 @@
 
         virtual status_t registerPolicyMixes(const Vector<AudioMix>& mixes);
         virtual status_t unregisterPolicyMixes(Vector<AudioMix> mixes);
+        virtual status_t updatePolicyMix(
+                const AudioMix& mix,
+                const std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion>& updatedCriteria) override;
         virtual status_t setUidDeviceAffinities(uid_t uid,
                 const AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector& devices);
         virtual status_t removeUidDeviceAffinities(uid_t uid);
@@ -336,7 +339,8 @@
         virtual status_t startAudioSource(const struct audio_port_config *source,
                                           const audio_attributes_t *attributes,
                                           audio_port_handle_t *portId,
-                                          uid_t uid);
+                                          uid_t uid,
+                                          bool internal = false);
         virtual status_t stopAudioSource(audio_port_handle_t portId);
 
         virtual status_t setMasterMono(bool mono);
@@ -526,6 +530,7 @@
 
         /**
          * @brief setOutputDevices change the route of the specified output.
+         * @param caller of the method
          * @param outputDesc to be considered
          * @param device to be considered to route the output
          * @param force if true, force the routing even if no change.
@@ -539,7 +544,8 @@
          * @return the number of ms we have slept to allow new routing to take effect in certain
          *        cases.
          */
-        uint32_t setOutputDevices(const sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor>& outputDesc,
+        uint32_t setOutputDevices(const char *caller,
+                                  const sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor>& outputDesc,
                                   const DeviceVector &device,
                                   bool force = false,
                                   int delayMs = 0,
@@ -829,10 +835,10 @@
 
         bool isPrimaryModule(const sp<HwModule> &module) const
         {
-            if (module == 0 || !hasPrimaryOutput()) {
+            if (module == nullptr || mPrimaryModuleHandle == AUDIO_MODULE_HANDLE_NONE) {
                 return false;
             }
-            return module->getHandle() == mPrimaryOutput->getModuleHandle();
+            return module->getHandle() == mPrimaryModuleHandle;
         }
         DeviceVector availablePrimaryOutputDevices() const
         {
@@ -944,6 +950,8 @@
         EngineInstance mEngine;                         // Audio Policy Engine instance
         AudioPolicyClientInterface *mpClientInterface;  // audio policy client interface
         sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor> mPrimaryOutput;     // primary output descriptor
+        // mPrimaryModuleHandle is cached mPrimaryOutput->getModuleHandle();
+        audio_module_handle_t mPrimaryModuleHandle = AUDIO_MODULE_HANDLE_NONE;
         // list of descriptors for outputs currently opened
 
         sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor> mSpatializerOutput;
@@ -1048,9 +1056,6 @@
         bool isMsdPatch(const audio_patch_handle_t &handle) const;
 
 private:
-        sp<SourceClientDescriptor> startAudioSourceInternal(
-                const struct audio_port_config *source, const audio_attributes_t *attributes,
-                uid_t uid);
 
         void onNewAudioModulesAvailableInt(DeviceVector *newDevices);
 
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/service/Android.bp b/services/audiopolicy/service/Android.bp
index f4fc8f1..fb55225 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/service/Android.bp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/service/Android.bp
@@ -7,26 +7,8 @@
     default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_av_license"],
 }
 
-cc_library_shared {
-    name: "libaudiopolicyservice",
-
-    defaults: [
-        "latest_android_media_audio_common_types_cpp_shared",
-    ],
-
-    srcs: [
-        "AudioPolicyClientImpl.cpp",
-        "AudioPolicyEffects.cpp",
-        "AudioPolicyInterfaceImpl.cpp",
-        "AudioPolicyService.cpp",
-        "CaptureStateNotifier.cpp",
-        "Spatializer.cpp",
-        "SpatializerPoseController.cpp",
-    ],
-
-    include_dirs: [
-        "frameworks/av/services/audioflinger"
-    ],
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "libaudiopolicyservice_dependencies",
 
     shared_libs: [
         "libactivitymanager_aidl",
@@ -41,7 +23,6 @@
         "libaudioutils",
         "libbinder",
         "libcutils",
-        "libeffectsconfig",
         "libhardware_legacy",
         "libheadtracking",
         "libheadtracking-binding",
@@ -50,6 +31,7 @@
         "libmediametrics",
         "libmediautils",
         "libpermission",
+        "libPlatformProperties",
         "libsensor",
         "libsensorprivacy",
         "libshmemcompat",
@@ -61,12 +43,43 @@
         "audiopolicy-aidl-cpp",
         "audiopolicy-types-aidl-cpp",
         "capture_state_listener-aidl-cpp",
+        "com.android.media.audio-aconfig-cc",
         "framework-permission-aidl-cpp",
         "packagemanager_aidl-cpp",
         "spatializer-aidl-cpp",
     ],
 
     static_libs: [
+        "libeffectsconfig",
+        "libaudiopolicycomponents",
+    ]
+}
+
+cc_library {
+    name: "libaudiopolicyservice",
+
+    defaults: [
+        "libaudiopolicyservice_dependencies",
+        "latest_android_media_audio_common_types_cpp_shared",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "AudioRecordClient.cpp",
+        "AudioPolicyClientImpl.cpp",
+        "AudioPolicyEffects.cpp",
+        "AudioPolicyInterfaceImpl.cpp",
+        "AudioPolicyService.cpp",
+        "CaptureStateNotifier.cpp",
+        "Spatializer.cpp",
+        "SpatializerPoseController.cpp",
+    ],
+
+    include_dirs: [
+        "frameworks/av/services/audioflinger"
+    ],
+
+
+    static_libs: [
         "framework-permission-aidl-cpp",
     ],
 
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyEffects.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyEffects.cpp
index 70a1785..71edd57 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyEffects.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyEffects.cpp
@@ -42,53 +42,30 @@
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 AudioPolicyEffects::AudioPolicyEffects(const sp<EffectsFactoryHalInterface>& effectsFactoryHal) {
+    // Note: clang thread-safety permits the ctor to call guarded _l methods without
+    // acquiring the associated mutex capability as standard practice is to assume
+    // single threaded construction and destruction.
+
     // load xml config with effectsFactoryHal
-    status_t loadResult = loadAudioEffectConfig(effectsFactoryHal);
-    if (loadResult == NO_ERROR) {
-        mDefaultDeviceEffectFuture =
-                std::async(std::launch::async, &AudioPolicyEffects::initDefaultDeviceEffects, this);
-    } else if (loadResult < 0) {
+    status_t loadResult = loadAudioEffectConfig_ll(effectsFactoryHal);
+    if (loadResult < 0) {
         ALOGW("Failed to query effect configuration, fallback to load .conf");
         // load automatic audio effect modules
         if (access(AUDIO_EFFECT_VENDOR_CONFIG_FILE, R_OK) == 0) {
-            loadAudioEffectConfigLegacy(AUDIO_EFFECT_VENDOR_CONFIG_FILE);
+            loadAudioEffectConfigLegacy_l(AUDIO_EFFECT_VENDOR_CONFIG_FILE);
         } else if (access(AUDIO_EFFECT_DEFAULT_CONFIG_FILE, R_OK) == 0) {
-            loadAudioEffectConfigLegacy(AUDIO_EFFECT_DEFAULT_CONFIG_FILE);
+            loadAudioEffectConfigLegacy_l(AUDIO_EFFECT_DEFAULT_CONFIG_FILE);
         }
     } else if (loadResult > 0) {
         ALOGE("Effect config is partially invalid, skipped %d elements", loadResult);
     }
 }
 
-AudioPolicyEffects::~AudioPolicyEffects()
-{
-    size_t i = 0;
-    // release audio input processing resources
-    for (i = 0; i < mInputSources.size(); i++) {
-        delete mInputSources.valueAt(i);
-    }
-    mInputSources.clear();
-
-    for (i = 0; i < mInputSessions.size(); i++) {
-        mInputSessions.valueAt(i)->mEffects.clear();
-        delete mInputSessions.valueAt(i);
-    }
-    mInputSessions.clear();
-
-    // release audio output processing resources
-    for (i = 0; i < mOutputStreams.size(); i++) {
-        delete mOutputStreams.valueAt(i);
-    }
-    mOutputStreams.clear();
-
-    for (i = 0; i < mOutputSessions.size(); i++) {
-        mOutputSessions.valueAt(i)->mEffects.clear();
-        delete mOutputSessions.valueAt(i);
-    }
-    mOutputSessions.clear();
+void AudioPolicyEffects::setDefaultDeviceEffects() {
+    mDefaultDeviceEffectFuture = std::async(
+                std::launch::async, &AudioPolicyEffects::initDefaultDeviceEffects, this);
 }
 
-
 status_t AudioPolicyEffects::addInputEffects(audio_io_handle_t input,
                              audio_source_t inputSource,
                              audio_session_t audioSession)
@@ -99,48 +76,43 @@
     audio_source_t aliasSource = (inputSource == AUDIO_SOURCE_HOTWORD) ?
                                     AUDIO_SOURCE_VOICE_RECOGNITION : inputSource;
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    ssize_t index = mInputSources.indexOfKey(aliasSource);
-    if (index < 0) {
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
+    auto sourceIt = mInputSources.find(aliasSource);
+    if (sourceIt == mInputSources.end()) {
         ALOGV("addInputEffects(): no processing needs to be attached to this source");
         return status;
     }
-    ssize_t idx = mInputSessions.indexOfKey(audioSession);
-    EffectVector *sessionDesc;
-    if (idx < 0) {
-        sessionDesc = new EffectVector(audioSession);
-        mInputSessions.add(audioSession, sessionDesc);
-    } else {
-        // EffectVector is existing and we just need to increase ref count
-        sessionDesc = mInputSessions.valueAt(idx);
+    std::shared_ptr<EffectVector>& sessionDesc = mInputSessions[audioSession];
+    if (sessionDesc == nullptr) {
+        sessionDesc = std::make_shared<EffectVector>(audioSession);
     }
     sessionDesc->mRefCount++;
 
     ALOGV("addInputEffects(): input: %d, refCount: %d", input, sessionDesc->mRefCount);
     if (sessionDesc->mRefCount == 1) {
         int64_t token = IPCThreadState::self()->clearCallingIdentity();
-        Vector <EffectDesc *> effects = mInputSources.valueAt(index)->mEffects;
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < effects.size(); i++) {
-            EffectDesc *effect = effects[i];
+        const std::shared_ptr<EffectDescVector>& effects = sourceIt->second;
+        for (const std::shared_ptr<EffectDesc>& effect : *effects) {
             AttributionSourceState attributionSource;
             attributionSource.packageName = "android";
             attributionSource.token = sp<BBinder>::make();
-            sp<AudioEffect> fx = new AudioEffect(attributionSource);
+            auto fx = sp<AudioEffect>::make(attributionSource);
             fx->set(nullptr /*type */, &effect->mUuid, -1 /* priority */, nullptr /* callback */,
                     audioSession, input);
             status_t status = fx->initCheck();
             if (status != NO_ERROR && status != ALREADY_EXISTS) {
                 ALOGW("addInputEffects(): failed to create Fx %s on source %d",
-                      effect->mName, (int32_t)aliasSource);
+                      effect->mName.c_str(), (int32_t)aliasSource);
                 // fx goes out of scope and strong ref on AudioEffect is released
                 continue;
             }
             for (size_t j = 0; j < effect->mParams.size(); j++) {
-                fx->setParameter(effect->mParams[j]);
+                // const_cast here due to API.
+                fx->setParameter(const_cast<effect_param_t*>(effect->mParams[j].get()));
             }
             ALOGV("addInputEffects(): added Fx %s on source: %d",
-                  effect->mName, (int32_t)aliasSource);
-            sessionDesc->mEffects.add(fx);
+                  effect->mName.c_str(), (int32_t)aliasSource);
+            sessionDesc->mEffects.push_back(std::move(fx));
         }
         sessionDesc->setProcessorEnabled(true);
         IPCThreadState::self()->restoreCallingIdentity(token);
@@ -154,18 +126,17 @@
 {
     status_t status = NO_ERROR;
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    ssize_t index = mInputSessions.indexOfKey(audioSession);
-    if (index < 0) {
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
+    auto it = mInputSessions.find(audioSession);
+    if (it == mInputSessions.end()) {
         return status;
     }
-    EffectVector *sessionDesc = mInputSessions.valueAt(index);
+    std::shared_ptr<EffectVector> sessionDesc = it->second;
     sessionDesc->mRefCount--;
     ALOGV("releaseInputEffects(): input: %d, refCount: %d", input, sessionDesc->mRefCount);
     if (sessionDesc->mRefCount == 0) {
         sessionDesc->setProcessorEnabled(false);
-        delete sessionDesc;
-        mInputSessions.removeItemsAt(index);
+        mInputSessions.erase(it);
         ALOGV("releaseInputEffects(): all effects released");
     }
     return status;
@@ -177,24 +148,16 @@
 {
     status_t status = NO_ERROR;
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    size_t index;
-    for (index = 0; index < mInputSessions.size(); index++) {
-        if (mInputSessions.valueAt(index)->mSessionId == audioSession) {
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    if (index == mInputSessions.size()) {
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
+    auto it = mInputSessions.find(audioSession);
+    if (it == mInputSessions.end()) {
         *count = 0;
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
-    Vector< sp<AudioEffect> > effects = mInputSessions.valueAt(index)->mEffects;
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < effects.size(); i++) {
-        effect_descriptor_t desc = effects[i]->descriptor();
-        if (i < *count) {
-            descriptors[i] = desc;
-        }
+    const std::vector<sp<AudioEffect>>& effects = it->second->mEffects;
+    const size_t copysize = std::min(effects.size(), (size_t)*count);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < copysize; i++) {
+        descriptors[i] = effects[i]->descriptor();
     }
     if (effects.size() > *count) {
         status = NO_MEMORY;
@@ -210,24 +173,16 @@
 {
     status_t status = NO_ERROR;
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    size_t index;
-    for (index = 0; index < mOutputSessions.size(); index++) {
-        if (mOutputSessions.valueAt(index)->mSessionId == audioSession) {
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    if (index == mOutputSessions.size()) {
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
+    auto it = mOutputSessions.find(audioSession);
+    if (it == mOutputSessions.end()) {
         *count = 0;
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
-    Vector< sp<AudioEffect> > effects = mOutputSessions.valueAt(index)->mEffects;
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < effects.size(); i++) {
-        effect_descriptor_t desc = effects[i]->descriptor();
-        if (i < *count) {
-            descriptors[i] = desc;
-        }
+    const std::vector<sp<AudioEffect>>& effects = it->second->mEffects;
+    const size_t copysize = std::min(effects.size(), (size_t)*count);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < copysize; i++) {
+        descriptors[i] = effects[i]->descriptor();
     }
     if (effects.size() > *count) {
         status = NO_MEMORY;
@@ -243,27 +198,22 @@
 {
     status_t status = NO_ERROR;
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     // create audio processors according to stream
     // FIXME: should we have specific post processing settings for internal streams?
     // default to media for now.
     if (stream >= AUDIO_STREAM_PUBLIC_CNT) {
         stream = AUDIO_STREAM_MUSIC;
     }
-    ssize_t index = mOutputStreams.indexOfKey(stream);
-    if (index < 0) {
+    auto it = mOutputStreams.find(stream);
+    if (it == mOutputStreams.end()) {
         ALOGV("addOutputSessionEffects(): no output processing needed for this stream");
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
 
-    ssize_t idx = mOutputSessions.indexOfKey(audioSession);
-    EffectVector *procDesc;
-    if (idx < 0) {
-        procDesc = new EffectVector(audioSession);
-        mOutputSessions.add(audioSession, procDesc);
-    } else {
-        // EffectVector is existing and we just need to increase ref count
-        procDesc = mOutputSessions.valueAt(idx);
+    std::shared_ptr<EffectVector>& procDesc = mOutputSessions[audioSession];
+    if (procDesc == nullptr) {
+        procDesc = std::make_shared<EffectVector>(audioSession);
     }
     procDesc->mRefCount++;
 
@@ -272,25 +222,24 @@
     if (procDesc->mRefCount == 1) {
         // make sure effects are associated to audio server even if we are executing a binder call
         int64_t token = IPCThreadState::self()->clearCallingIdentity();
-        Vector <EffectDesc *> effects = mOutputStreams.valueAt(index)->mEffects;
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < effects.size(); i++) {
-            EffectDesc *effect = effects[i];
+        const std::shared_ptr<EffectDescVector>& effects = it->second;
+        for (const std::shared_ptr<EffectDesc>& effect : *effects) {
             AttributionSourceState attributionSource;
             attributionSource.packageName = "android";
             attributionSource.token = sp<BBinder>::make();
-            sp<AudioEffect> fx = new AudioEffect(attributionSource);
+            auto fx = sp<AudioEffect>::make(attributionSource);
             fx->set(nullptr /* type */, &effect->mUuid, 0 /* priority */, nullptr /* callback */,
                     audioSession, output);
             status_t status = fx->initCheck();
             if (status != NO_ERROR && status != ALREADY_EXISTS) {
                 ALOGE("addOutputSessionEffects(): failed to create Fx  %s on session %d",
-                      effect->mName, audioSession);
+                      effect->mName.c_str(), audioSession);
                 // fx goes out of scope and strong ref on AudioEffect is released
                 continue;
             }
             ALOGV("addOutputSessionEffects(): added Fx %s on session: %d for stream: %d",
-                  effect->mName, audioSession, (int32_t)stream);
-            procDesc->mEffects.add(fx);
+                  effect->mName.c_str(), audioSession, (int32_t)stream);
+            procDesc->mEffects.push_back(std::move(fx));
         }
 
         procDesc->setProcessorEnabled(true);
@@ -303,30 +252,28 @@
                          audio_stream_type_t stream,
                          audio_session_t audioSession)
 {
-    status_t status = NO_ERROR;
     (void) output; // argument not used for now
     (void) stream; // argument not used for now
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    ssize_t index = mOutputSessions.indexOfKey(audioSession);
-    if (index < 0) {
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
+    auto it = mOutputSessions.find(audioSession);
+    if (it == mOutputSessions.end()) {
         ALOGV("releaseOutputSessionEffects: no output processing was attached to this stream");
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
 
-    EffectVector *procDesc = mOutputSessions.valueAt(index);
+    std::shared_ptr<EffectVector> procDesc = it->second;
     procDesc->mRefCount--;
     ALOGV("releaseOutputSessionEffects(): session: %d, refCount: %d",
           audioSession, procDesc->mRefCount);
     if (procDesc->mRefCount == 0) {
         procDesc->setProcessorEnabled(false);
         procDesc->mEffects.clear();
-        delete procDesc;
-        mOutputSessions.removeItemsAt(index);
+        mOutputSessions.erase(it);
         ALOGV("releaseOutputSessionEffects(): output processing released from session: %d",
               audioSession);
     }
-    return status;
+    return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
 status_t AudioPolicyEffects::addSourceDefaultEffect(const effect_uuid_t *type,
@@ -368,17 +315,12 @@
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
 
     // Find the EffectDescVector for the given source type, or create a new one if necessary.
-    ssize_t index = mInputSources.indexOfKey(source);
-    EffectDescVector *desc = NULL;
-    if (index < 0) {
-        // No effects for this source type yet.
-        desc = new EffectDescVector();
-        mInputSources.add(source, desc);
-    } else {
-        desc = mInputSources.valueAt(index);
+    std::shared_ptr<EffectDescVector>& desc = mInputSources[source];
+    if (desc == nullptr) {
+        desc = std::make_shared<EffectDescVector>();
     }
 
     // Create a new effect and add it to the vector.
@@ -387,9 +329,9 @@
         ALOGE("addSourceDefaultEffect(): failed to get new unique id.");
         return res;
     }
-    EffectDesc *effect = new EffectDesc(
+    std::shared_ptr<EffectDesc> effect = std::make_shared<EffectDesc>(
             descriptor.name, descriptor.type, opPackageName, descriptor.uuid, priority, *id);
-    desc->mEffects.add(effect);
+    desc->push_back(std::move(effect));
     // TODO(b/71813697): Support setting params as well.
 
     // TODO(b/71814300): Retroactively attach to any existing sources of the given type.
@@ -433,17 +375,13 @@
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
 
     // Find the EffectDescVector for the given stream type, or create a new one if necessary.
-    ssize_t index = mOutputStreams.indexOfKey(stream);
-    EffectDescVector *desc = NULL;
-    if (index < 0) {
+    std::shared_ptr<EffectDescVector>& desc = mOutputStreams[stream];
+    if (desc == nullptr) {
         // No effects for this stream type yet.
-        desc = new EffectDescVector();
-        mOutputStreams.add(stream, desc);
-    } else {
-        desc = mOutputStreams.valueAt(index);
+        desc = std::make_shared<EffectDescVector>();
     }
 
     // Create a new effect and add it to the vector.
@@ -452,9 +390,9 @@
         ALOGE("addStreamDefaultEffect(): failed to get new unique id.");
         return res;
     }
-    EffectDesc *effect = new EffectDesc(
+    std::shared_ptr<EffectDesc> effect = std::make_shared<EffectDesc>(
             descriptor.name, descriptor.type, opPackageName, descriptor.uuid, priority, *id);
-    desc->mEffects.add(effect);
+    desc->push_back(std::move(effect));
     // TODO(b/71813697): Support setting params as well.
 
     // TODO(b/71814300): Retroactively attach to any existing streams of the given type.
@@ -473,18 +411,16 @@
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
 
     // Check each source type.
-    size_t numSources = mInputSources.size();
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < numSources; ++i) {
+    for (auto& [source, descVector] : mInputSources) {
         // Check each effect for each source.
-        EffectDescVector* descVector = mInputSources[i];
-        for (auto desc = descVector->mEffects.begin(); desc != descVector->mEffects.end(); ++desc) {
+        for (auto desc = descVector->begin(); desc != descVector->end(); ++desc) {
             if ((*desc)->mId == id) {
                 // Found it!
                 // TODO(b/71814300): Remove from any sources the effect was attached to.
-                descVector->mEffects.erase(desc);
+                descVector->erase(desc);
                 // Handles are unique; there can only be one match, so return early.
                 return NO_ERROR;
             }
@@ -504,18 +440,16 @@
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
 
     // Check each stream type.
-    size_t numStreams = mOutputStreams.size();
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < numStreams; ++i) {
+    for (auto& [stream, descVector] : mOutputStreams) {
         // Check each effect for each stream.
-        EffectDescVector* descVector = mOutputStreams[i];
-        for (auto desc = descVector->mEffects.begin(); desc != descVector->mEffects.end(); ++desc) {
+        for (auto desc = descVector->begin(); desc != descVector->end(); ++desc) {
             if ((*desc)->mId == id) {
                 // Found it!
                 // TODO(b/71814300): Remove from any streams the effect was attached to.
-                descVector->mEffects.erase(desc);
+                descVector->erase(desc);
                 // Handles are unique; there can only be one match, so return early.
                 return NO_ERROR;
             }
@@ -528,8 +462,8 @@
 
 void AudioPolicyEffects::EffectVector::setProcessorEnabled(bool enabled)
 {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < mEffects.size(); i++) {
-        mEffects.itemAt(i)->setEnabled(enabled);
+    for (const auto& effect : mEffects) {
+        effect->setEnabled(enabled);
     }
 }
 
@@ -538,7 +472,8 @@
 // Audio processing configuration
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-/*static*/ const char * const AudioPolicyEffects::kInputSourceNames[AUDIO_SOURCE_CNT -1] = {
+// we keep to const char* instead of std::string_view as comparison is believed faster.
+constexpr const char* kInputSourceNames[AUDIO_SOURCE_CNT - 1] = {
     MIC_SRC_TAG,
     VOICE_UL_SRC_TAG,
     VOICE_DL_SRC_TAG,
@@ -565,7 +500,8 @@
     return (audio_source_t)i;
 }
 
-const char *AudioPolicyEffects::kStreamNames[AUDIO_STREAM_PUBLIC_CNT+1] = {
+// +1 as enum starts from -1
+constexpr const char* kStreamNames[AUDIO_STREAM_PUBLIC_CNT + 1] = {
     AUDIO_STREAM_DEFAULT_TAG,
     AUDIO_STREAM_VOICE_CALL_TAG,
     AUDIO_STREAM_SYSTEM_TAG,
@@ -582,6 +518,7 @@
 
 // returns the audio_stream_t enum corresponding to the output stream name or
 // AUDIO_STREAM_PUBLIC_CNT is no match found
+/* static */
 audio_stream_type_t AudioPolicyEffects::streamNameToEnum(const char *name)
 {
     int i;
@@ -598,6 +535,7 @@
 // Audio Effect Config parser
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+/* static */
 size_t AudioPolicyEffects::growParamSize(char **param,
                                          size_t size,
                                          size_t *curSize,
@@ -621,7 +559,7 @@
     return pos;
 }
 
-
+/* static */
 size_t AudioPolicyEffects::readParamValue(cnode *node,
                                           char **param,
                                           size_t *curSize,
@@ -690,7 +628,8 @@
     return len;
 }
 
-effect_param_t *AudioPolicyEffects::loadEffectParameter(cnode *root)
+/* static */
+std::shared_ptr<const effect_param_t> AudioPolicyEffects::loadEffectParameter(cnode* root)
 {
     cnode *param;
     cnode *value;
@@ -720,7 +659,7 @@
             *ptr = atoi(param->value);
             fx_param->psize = sizeof(int);
             fx_param->vsize = sizeof(int);
-            return fx_param;
+            return {fx_param, free};
         }
     }
     if (param == NULL || value == NULL) {
@@ -758,42 +697,43 @@
         value = value->next;
     }
 
-    return fx_param;
+    return {fx_param, free};
 
 error:
     free(fx_param);
     return NULL;
 }
 
-void AudioPolicyEffects::loadEffectParameters(cnode *root, Vector <effect_param_t *>& params)
+/* static */
+void AudioPolicyEffects::loadEffectParameters(
+        cnode* root, std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const effect_param_t>>& params)
 {
     cnode *node = root->first_child;
     while (node) {
         ALOGV("loadEffectParameters() loading param %s", node->name);
-        effect_param_t *param = loadEffectParameter(node);
-        if (param != NULL) {
-            params.add(param);
+        const auto param = loadEffectParameter(node);
+        if (param != nullptr) {
+            params.push_back(param);
         }
         node = node->next;
     }
 }
 
-
-AudioPolicyEffects::EffectDescVector *AudioPolicyEffects::loadEffectConfig(
-                                                            cnode *root,
-                                                            const Vector <EffectDesc *>& effects)
+/* static */
+std::shared_ptr<AudioPolicyEffects::EffectDescVector> AudioPolicyEffects::loadEffectConfig(
+        cnode* root, const EffectDescVector& effects)
 {
     cnode *node = root->first_child;
     if (node == NULL) {
         ALOGW("loadInputSource() empty element %s", root->name);
         return NULL;
     }
-    EffectDescVector *desc = new EffectDescVector();
+    auto desc = std::make_shared<EffectDescVector>();
     while (node) {
         size_t i;
 
         for (i = 0; i < effects.size(); i++) {
-            if (strncmp(effects[i]->mName, node->name, EFFECT_STRING_LEN_MAX) == 0) {
+            if (effects[i]->mName == node->name) {
                 ALOGV("loadEffectConfig() found effect %s in list", node->name);
                 break;
             }
@@ -803,23 +743,22 @@
             node = node->next;
             continue;
         }
-        EffectDesc *effect = new EffectDesc(*effects[i]);   // deep copy
+        auto effect = std::make_shared<EffectDesc>(*effects[i]);   // deep copy
         loadEffectParameters(node, effect->mParams);
         ALOGV("loadEffectConfig() adding effect %s uuid %08x",
-              effect->mName, effect->mUuid.timeLow);
-        desc->mEffects.add(effect);
+              effect->mName.c_str(), effect->mUuid.timeLow);
+        desc->push_back(std::move(effect));
         node = node->next;
     }
-    if (desc->mEffects.size() == 0) {
+    if (desc->empty()) {
         ALOGW("loadEffectConfig() no valid effects found in config %s", root->name);
-        delete desc;
-        return NULL;
+        return nullptr;
     }
     return desc;
 }
 
-status_t AudioPolicyEffects::loadInputEffectConfigurations(cnode *root,
-                                                           const Vector <EffectDesc *>& effects)
+status_t AudioPolicyEffects::loadInputEffectConfigurations_l(cnode* root,
+        const EffectDescVector& effects)
 {
     cnode *node = config_find(root, PREPROCESSING_TAG);
     if (node == NULL) {
@@ -829,24 +768,24 @@
     while (node) {
         audio_source_t source = inputSourceNameToEnum(node->name);
         if (source == AUDIO_SOURCE_CNT) {
-            ALOGW("loadInputSources() invalid input source %s", node->name);
+            ALOGW("%s() invalid input source %s", __func__, node->name);
             node = node->next;
             continue;
         }
-        ALOGV("loadInputSources() loading input source %s", node->name);
-        EffectDescVector *desc = loadEffectConfig(node, effects);
+        ALOGV("%s() loading input source %s", __func__, node->name);
+        auto desc = loadEffectConfig(node, effects);
         if (desc == NULL) {
             node = node->next;
             continue;
         }
-        mInputSources.add(source, desc);
+        mInputSources[source] = std::move(desc);
         node = node->next;
     }
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
-status_t AudioPolicyEffects::loadStreamEffectConfigurations(cnode *root,
-                                                            const Vector <EffectDesc *>& effects)
+status_t AudioPolicyEffects::loadStreamEffectConfigurations_l(cnode* root,
+        const EffectDescVector& effects)
 {
     cnode *node = config_find(root, OUTPUT_SESSION_PROCESSING_TAG);
     if (node == NULL) {
@@ -856,23 +795,24 @@
     while (node) {
         audio_stream_type_t stream = streamNameToEnum(node->name);
         if (stream == AUDIO_STREAM_PUBLIC_CNT) {
-            ALOGW("loadStreamEffectConfigurations() invalid output stream %s", node->name);
+            ALOGW("%s() invalid output stream %s", __func__, node->name);
             node = node->next;
             continue;
         }
-        ALOGV("loadStreamEffectConfigurations() loading output stream %s", node->name);
-        EffectDescVector *desc = loadEffectConfig(node, effects);
+        ALOGV("%s() loading output stream %s", __func__, node->name);
+        std::shared_ptr<EffectDescVector> desc = loadEffectConfig(node, effects);
         if (desc == NULL) {
             node = node->next;
             continue;
         }
-        mOutputStreams.add(stream, desc);
+        mOutputStreams[stream] = std::move(desc);
         node = node->next;
     }
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
-AudioPolicyEffects::EffectDesc *AudioPolicyEffects::loadEffect(cnode *root)
+/* static */
+std::shared_ptr<AudioPolicyEffects::EffectDesc> AudioPolicyEffects::loadEffect(cnode* root)
 {
     cnode *node = config_find(root, UUID_TAG);
     if (node == NULL) {
@@ -883,30 +823,33 @@
         ALOGW("loadEffect() invalid uuid %s", node->value);
         return NULL;
     }
-    return new EffectDesc(root->name, uuid);
+    return std::make_shared<EffectDesc>(root->name, uuid);
 }
 
-status_t AudioPolicyEffects::loadEffects(cnode *root, Vector <EffectDesc *>& effects)
+/* static */
+android::AudioPolicyEffects::EffectDescVector AudioPolicyEffects::loadEffects(cnode *root)
 {
+    EffectDescVector effects;
     cnode *node = config_find(root, EFFECTS_TAG);
     if (node == NULL) {
-        return -ENOENT;
+        ALOGW("%s() Cannot find %s configuration", __func__, EFFECTS_TAG);
+        return effects;
     }
     node = node->first_child;
     while (node) {
         ALOGV("loadEffects() loading effect %s", node->name);
-        EffectDesc *effect = loadEffect(node);
+        auto effect = loadEffect(node);
         if (effect == NULL) {
             node = node->next;
             continue;
         }
-        effects.add(effect);
+        effects.push_back(std::move(effect));
         node = node->next;
     }
-    return NO_ERROR;
+    return effects;
 }
 
-status_t AudioPolicyEffects::loadAudioEffectConfig(
+status_t AudioPolicyEffects::loadAudioEffectConfig_ll(
         const sp<EffectsFactoryHalInterface>& effectsFactoryHal) {
     if (!effectsFactoryHal) {
         ALOGE("%s Null EffectsFactoryHalInterface", __func__);
@@ -922,11 +865,12 @@
 
     auto loadProcessingChain = [](auto& processingChain, auto& streams) {
         for (auto& stream : processingChain) {
-            auto effectDescs = std::make_unique<EffectDescVector>();
+            auto effectDescs = std::make_shared<EffectDescVector>();
             for (auto& effect : stream.effects) {
-                effectDescs->mEffects.add(new EffectDesc{effect->name.c_str(), effect->uuid});
+                effectDescs->push_back(
+                        std::make_shared<EffectDesc>(effect->name, effect->uuid));
             }
-            streams.add(stream.type, effectDescs.release());
+            streams[stream.type] = std::move(effectDescs);
         }
     };
 
@@ -934,26 +878,26 @@
         for (auto& deviceProcess : processingChain) {
             auto effectDescs = std::make_unique<EffectDescVector>();
             for (auto& effect : deviceProcess.effects) {
-                effectDescs->mEffects.add(new EffectDesc{effect->name.c_str(), effect->uuid});
+                effectDescs->push_back(
+                        std::make_shared<EffectDesc>(effect->name, effect->uuid));
             }
-            auto deviceEffects = std::make_unique<DeviceEffects>(
+            auto devEffects = std::make_unique<DeviceEffects>(
                         std::move(effectDescs), deviceProcess.type, deviceProcess.address);
-            devicesEffects.emplace(deviceProcess.address, std::move(deviceEffects));
+            devicesEffects.emplace(deviceProcess.address, std::move(devEffects));
         }
     };
 
+    // access to mInputSources and mOutputStreams requires mMutex;
     loadProcessingChain(processings->preprocess, mInputSources);
     loadProcessingChain(processings->postprocess, mOutputStreams);
 
-    {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-        loadDeviceProcessingChain(processings->deviceprocess, mDeviceEffects);
-    }
+    // access to mDeviceEffects requires mDeviceEffectsMutex
+    loadDeviceProcessingChain(processings->deviceprocess, mDeviceEffects);
 
     return skippedElements;
 }
 
-status_t AudioPolicyEffects::loadAudioEffectConfigLegacy(const char *path)
+status_t AudioPolicyEffects::loadAudioEffectConfigLegacy_l(const char *path)
 {
     cnode *root;
     char *data;
@@ -965,15 +909,11 @@
     root = config_node("", "");
     config_load(root, data);
 
-    Vector <EffectDesc *> effects;
-    loadEffects(root, effects);
-    loadInputEffectConfigurations(root, effects);
-    loadStreamEffectConfigurations(root, effects);
+    const EffectDescVector effects = loadEffects(root);
 
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < effects.size(); i++) {
-        delete effects[i];
-    }
-
+    // requires mMutex
+    loadInputEffectConfigurations_l(root, effects);
+    loadStreamEffectConfigurations_l(root, effects);
     config_free(root);
     free(root);
     free(data);
@@ -983,14 +923,14 @@
 
 void AudioPolicyEffects::initDefaultDeviceEffects()
 {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    std::lock_guard _l(mDeviceEffectsMutex);
     for (const auto& deviceEffectsIter : mDeviceEffects) {
         const auto& deviceEffects =  deviceEffectsIter.second;
-        for (const auto& effectDesc : deviceEffects->mEffectDescriptors->mEffects) {
+        for (const auto& effectDesc : *deviceEffects->mEffectDescriptors) {
             AttributionSourceState attributionSource;
             attributionSource.packageName = "android";
             attributionSource.token = sp<BBinder>::make();
-            sp<AudioEffect> fx = new AudioEffect(attributionSource);
+            sp<AudioEffect> fx = sp<AudioEffect>::make(attributionSource);
             fx->set(EFFECT_UUID_NULL, &effectDesc->mUuid, 0 /* priority */, nullptr /* callback */,
                     AUDIO_SESSION_DEVICE, AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE,
                     AudioDeviceTypeAddr{deviceEffects->getDeviceType(),
@@ -998,16 +938,16 @@
             status_t status = fx->initCheck();
             if (status != NO_ERROR && status != ALREADY_EXISTS) {
                 ALOGE("%s(): failed to create Fx %s on port type=%d address=%s", __func__,
-                      effectDesc->mName, deviceEffects->getDeviceType(),
+                      effectDesc->mName.c_str(), deviceEffects->getDeviceType(),
                       deviceEffects->getDeviceAddress().c_str());
                 // fx goes out of scope and strong ref on AudioEffect is released
                 continue;
             }
             fx->setEnabled(true);
             ALOGV("%s(): create Fx %s added on port type=%d address=%s", __func__,
-                  effectDesc->mName, deviceEffects->getDeviceType(),
+                  effectDesc->mName.c_str(), deviceEffects->getDeviceType(),
                   deviceEffects->getDeviceAddress().c_str());
-            deviceEffects->mEffects.push_back(fx);
+            deviceEffects->mEffects.push_back(std::move(fx));
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyEffects.h b/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyEffects.h
index 9f65a96..a9628c2 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyEffects.h
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyEffects.h
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef ANDROID_AUDIOPOLICYEFFECTS_H
-#define ANDROID_AUDIOPOLICYEFFECTS_H
+#pragma once
 
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -23,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <future>
 
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include <audio_utils/mutex.h>
 #include <cutils/misc.h>
 #include <media/AudioEffect.h>
 #include <media/audiohal/EffectsFactoryHalInterface.h>
@@ -56,44 +56,43 @@
     // First it will look whether vendor specific file exists,
     // otherwise it will parse the system default file.
     explicit AudioPolicyEffects(const sp<EffectsFactoryHalInterface>& effectsFactoryHal);
-    virtual ~AudioPolicyEffects();
 
     // NOTE: methods on AudioPolicyEffects should never be called with the AudioPolicyService
-    // main mutex (mLock) held as they will indirectly call back into AudioPolicyService when
+    // main mutex (mMutex) held as they will indirectly call back into AudioPolicyService when
     // managing audio effects.
 
     // Return a list of effect descriptors for default input effects
     // associated with audioSession
     status_t queryDefaultInputEffects(audio_session_t audioSession,
                              effect_descriptor_t *descriptors,
-                             uint32_t *count);
+                             uint32_t* count) EXCLUDES_AudioPolicyEffects_Mutex;
 
     // Add all input effects associated with this input
     // Effects are attached depending on the audio_source_t
     status_t addInputEffects(audio_io_handle_t input,
                              audio_source_t inputSource,
-                             audio_session_t audioSession);
+                             audio_session_t audioSession) EXCLUDES_AudioPolicyEffects_Mutex;
 
     // Add all input effects associated to this input
     status_t releaseInputEffects(audio_io_handle_t input,
-                                 audio_session_t audioSession);
+                                 audio_session_t audioSession) EXCLUDES_AudioPolicyEffects_Mutex;
 
     // Return a list of effect descriptors for default output effects
     // associated with audioSession
     status_t queryDefaultOutputSessionEffects(audio_session_t audioSession,
                              effect_descriptor_t *descriptors,
-                             uint32_t *count);
+                             uint32_t* count) EXCLUDES_AudioPolicyEffects_Mutex;
 
     // Add all output effects associated to this output
     // Effects are attached depending on the audio_stream_type_t
     status_t addOutputSessionEffects(audio_io_handle_t output,
                              audio_stream_type_t stream,
-                             audio_session_t audioSession);
+                             audio_session_t audioSession) EXCLUDES_AudioPolicyEffects_Mutex;
 
     // release all output effects associated with this output stream and audiosession
     status_t releaseOutputSessionEffects(audio_io_handle_t output,
                              audio_stream_type_t stream,
-                             audio_session_t audioSession);
+                             audio_session_t audioSession) EXCLUDES_AudioPolicyEffects_Mutex;
 
     // Add the effect to the list of default effects for sources of type |source|.
     status_t addSourceDefaultEffect(const effect_uuid_t *type,
@@ -101,7 +100,7 @@
                                     const effect_uuid_t *uuid,
                                     int32_t priority,
                                     audio_source_t source,
-                                    audio_unique_id_t* id);
+                                    audio_unique_id_t* id) EXCLUDES_AudioPolicyEffects_Mutex;
 
     // Add the effect to the list of default effects for streams of a given usage.
     status_t addStreamDefaultEffect(const effect_uuid_t *type,
@@ -109,34 +108,39 @@
                                     const effect_uuid_t *uuid,
                                     int32_t priority,
                                     audio_usage_t usage,
-                                    audio_unique_id_t* id);
+                                    audio_unique_id_t* id) EXCLUDES_AudioPolicyEffects_Mutex;
 
     // Remove the default source effect from wherever it's attached.
-    status_t removeSourceDefaultEffect(audio_unique_id_t id);
+    status_t removeSourceDefaultEffect(audio_unique_id_t id) EXCLUDES_AudioPolicyEffects_Mutex;
 
     // Remove the default stream effect from wherever it's attached.
-    status_t removeStreamDefaultEffect(audio_unique_id_t id);
+    status_t removeStreamDefaultEffect(audio_unique_id_t id) EXCLUDES_AudioPolicyEffects_Mutex;
+
+    // Called by AudioPolicyService::onFirstRef() to load device effects
+    // on a separate worker thread.
+    // TODO(b/319515492) move this initialization after AudioPolicyService::onFirstRef().
+    void setDefaultDeviceEffects();
 
 private:
-    void initDefaultDeviceEffects();
 
     // class to store the description of an effects and its parameters
     // as defined in audio_effects.conf
     class EffectDesc {
     public:
-        EffectDesc(const char *name,
+        EffectDesc(std::string_view name,
                    const effect_uuid_t& typeUuid,
                    const String16& opPackageName,
                    const effect_uuid_t& uuid,
                    uint32_t priority,
                    audio_unique_id_t id) :
-                        mName(strdup(name)),
+                        mName(name),
                         mTypeUuid(typeUuid),
                         mOpPackageName(opPackageName),
                         mUuid(uuid),
                         mPriority(priority),
                         mId(id) { }
-        EffectDesc(const char *name, const effect_uuid_t& uuid) :
+        // Modern EffectDesc usage:
+        EffectDesc(std::string_view name, const effect_uuid_t& uuid) :
                         EffectDesc(name,
                                    *EFFECT_UUID_NULL,
                                    String16(""),
@@ -144,67 +148,36 @@
                                    0,
                                    AUDIO_UNIQUE_ID_ALLOCATE) { }
         EffectDesc(const EffectDesc& orig) :
-                        mName(strdup(orig.mName)),
+                        mName(orig.mName),
                         mTypeUuid(orig.mTypeUuid),
                         mOpPackageName(orig.mOpPackageName),
                         mUuid(orig.mUuid),
                         mPriority(orig.mPriority),
-                        mId(orig.mId) {
-                            // deep copy mParams
-                            for (size_t k = 0; k < orig.mParams.size(); k++) {
-                                effect_param_t *origParam = orig.mParams[k];
-                                // psize and vsize are rounded up to an int boundary for allocation
-                                size_t origSize = sizeof(effect_param_t) +
-                                                  ((origParam->psize + 3) & ~3) +
-                                                  ((origParam->vsize + 3) & ~3);
-                                effect_param_t *dupParam = (effect_param_t *) malloc(origSize);
-                                memcpy(dupParam, origParam, origSize);
-                                // This works because the param buffer allocation is also done by
-                                // multiples of 4 bytes originally. In theory we should memcpy only
-                                // the actual param size, that is without rounding vsize.
-                                mParams.add(dupParam);
-                            }
-                        }
-        /*virtual*/ ~EffectDesc() {
-            free(mName);
-            for (size_t k = 0; k < mParams.size(); k++) {
-                free(mParams[k]);
-            }
-        }
-        char *mName;
-        effect_uuid_t mTypeUuid;
-        String16 mOpPackageName;
-        effect_uuid_t mUuid;
-        int32_t mPriority;
-        audio_unique_id_t mId;
-        Vector <effect_param_t *> mParams;
+                        mId(orig.mId),
+                        mParams(orig.mParams) { }
+
+        const std::string mName;
+        const effect_uuid_t mTypeUuid;
+        const String16 mOpPackageName;
+        const effect_uuid_t mUuid;
+        const int32_t mPriority;
+        const audio_unique_id_t mId;
+        std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const effect_param_t>> mParams;
     };
 
-    // class to store voctor of EffectDesc
-    class EffectDescVector {
-    public:
-        EffectDescVector() {}
-        /*virtual*/ ~EffectDescVector() {
-            for (size_t j = 0; j < mEffects.size(); j++) {
-                delete mEffects[j];
-            }
-        }
-        Vector <EffectDesc *> mEffects;
-    };
+    using EffectDescVector = std::vector<std::shared_ptr<EffectDesc>>;
 
-    // class to store voctor of AudioEffects
     class EffectVector {
     public:
-        explicit EffectVector(audio_session_t session) : mSessionId(session), mRefCount(0) {}
-        /*virtual*/ ~EffectVector() {}
+        explicit EffectVector(audio_session_t session) : mSessionId(session) {}
 
         // Enable or disable all effects in effect vector
         void setProcessorEnabled(bool enabled);
 
         const audio_session_t mSessionId;
-        // AudioPolicyManager keeps mLock, no need for lock on reference count here
-        int mRefCount;
-        Vector< sp<AudioEffect> >mEffects;
+        // AudioPolicyManager keeps mMutex, no need for lock on reference count here
+        int mRefCount = 0;
+        std::vector<sp<AudioEffect>> mEffects;
     };
 
     /**
@@ -213,12 +186,11 @@
     class DeviceEffects {
     public:
         DeviceEffects(std::unique_ptr<EffectDescVector> effectDescriptors,
-                               audio_devices_t device, const std::string& address) :
+                               audio_devices_t device, std::string_view address) :
             mEffectDescriptors(std::move(effectDescriptors)),
             mDeviceType(device), mDeviceAddress(address) {}
-        /*virtual*/ ~DeviceEffects() = default;
 
-        std::vector< sp<AudioEffect> > mEffects;
+        std::vector<sp<AudioEffect>> mEffects;
         audio_devices_t getDeviceType() const { return mDeviceType; }
         std::string getDeviceAddress() const { return mDeviceAddress; }
         const std::unique_ptr<EffectDescVector> mEffectDescriptors;
@@ -229,65 +201,98 @@
 
     };
 
-    static const char * const kInputSourceNames[AUDIO_SOURCE_CNT -1];
+    // Called on an async thread because it creates AudioEffects
+    // which register with AudioFlinger and AudioPolicy.
+    // We must therefore exclude the EffectHandle_Mutex.
+    void initDefaultDeviceEffects() EXCLUDES(mDeviceEffectsMutex) EXCLUDES_EffectHandle_Mutex;
+
+    status_t loadAudioEffectConfig_ll(const sp<EffectsFactoryHalInterface>& effectsFactoryHal)
+            REQUIRES(mMutex, mDeviceEffectsMutex);
+
+    // Legacy: Begin methods below.
+    // Parse audio_effects.conf - called from constructor.
+    status_t loadAudioEffectConfigLegacy_l(const char* path) REQUIRES(mMutex);
+
+    // Legacy: Load all automatic effect configurations
+    status_t loadInputEffectConfigurations_l(cnode* root,
+            const EffectDescVector& effects) REQUIRES(mMutex);
+    status_t loadStreamEffectConfigurations_l(cnode* root,
+            const EffectDescVector& effects) REQUIRES(mMutex);
+
+    // Legacy: static methods below.
+
     static audio_source_t inputSourceNameToEnum(const char *name);
 
-    static const char *kStreamNames[AUDIO_STREAM_PUBLIC_CNT+1]; //+1 required as streams start from -1
-    audio_stream_type_t streamNameToEnum(const char *name);
-
-    // Parse audio_effects.conf
-    status_t loadAudioEffectConfigLegacy(const char *path);
-    status_t loadAudioEffectConfig(const sp<EffectsFactoryHalInterface>& effectsFactoryHal);
+    static audio_stream_type_t streamNameToEnum(const char* name);
 
     // Load all effects descriptors in configuration file
-    status_t loadEffects(cnode *root, Vector <EffectDesc *>& effects);
-    EffectDesc *loadEffect(cnode *root);
-
-    // Load all automatic effect configurations
-    status_t loadInputEffectConfigurations(cnode *root, const Vector <EffectDesc *>& effects);
-    status_t loadStreamEffectConfigurations(cnode *root, const Vector <EffectDesc *>& effects);
-    EffectDescVector *loadEffectConfig(cnode *root, const Vector <EffectDesc *>& effects);
+    static EffectDescVector loadEffects(cnode* root);
+    static std::shared_ptr<AudioPolicyEffects::EffectDesc> loadEffect(cnode* root);
+    static std::shared_ptr<EffectDescVector> loadEffectConfig(cnode* root,
+            const EffectDescVector& effects);
 
     // Load all automatic effect parameters
-    void loadEffectParameters(cnode *root, Vector <effect_param_t *>& params);
-    effect_param_t *loadEffectParameter(cnode *root);
-    size_t readParamValue(cnode *node,
+    static void loadEffectParameters(
+            cnode* root, std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const effect_param_t>>& params);
+
+    // loadEffectParameter returns a shared_ptr instead of a unique_ptr as there may
+    // be multiple references to the same effect parameter.
+    static std::shared_ptr<const effect_param_t> loadEffectParameter(cnode* root);
+    static size_t readParamValue(cnode* node,
                           char **param,
                           size_t *curSize,
                           size_t *totSize);
-    size_t growParamSize(char **param,
+    static size_t growParamSize(char** param,
                          size_t size,
                          size_t *curSize,
                          size_t *totSize);
 
+    // Legacy: End methods above.
+
+    // Note: The association of Effects to audio source, session, or stream
+    // is done through std::map instead of std::unordered_map.  This gives
+    // better reproducibility of issues, since map is ordered and more predictable
+    // in enumeration.
+
     // protects access to mInputSources, mInputSessions, mOutputStreams, mOutputSessions
-    // never hold AudioPolicyService::mLock when calling AudioPolicyEffects methods as
+    // never hold AudioPolicyService::mMutex when calling AudioPolicyEffects methods as
     // those can call back into AudioPolicyService methods and try to acquire the mutex
-    Mutex mLock;
+    mutable audio_utils::mutex mMutex{audio_utils::MutexOrder::kAudioPolicyEffects_Mutex};
     // Automatic input effects are configured per audio_source_t
-    KeyedVector< audio_source_t, EffectDescVector* > mInputSources;
-    // Automatic input effects are unique for audio_io_handle_t
-    KeyedVector< audio_session_t, EffectVector* > mInputSessions;
+    std::map<audio_source_t, std::shared_ptr<EffectDescVector>> mInputSources
+            GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+    // Automatic input effects are unique for an audio_session_t.
+    std::map<audio_session_t, std::shared_ptr<EffectVector>> mInputSessions
+            GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
 
     // Automatic output effects are organized per audio_stream_type_t
-    KeyedVector< audio_stream_type_t, EffectDescVector* > mOutputStreams;
-    // Automatic output effects are unique for audiosession ID
-    KeyedVector< audio_session_t, EffectVector* > mOutputSessions;
+    std::map<audio_stream_type_t, std::shared_ptr<EffectDescVector>> mOutputStreams
+            GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+    // Automatic output effects are unique for an audio_session_t.
+    std::map<audio_session_t, std::shared_ptr<EffectVector>> mOutputSessions
+            GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
 
     /**
      * @brief mDeviceEffects map of device effects indexed by the device address
      */
-    std::map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<DeviceEffects>> mDeviceEffects GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+
+    // mDeviceEffects is never accessed through AudioPolicyEffects methods.
+    // We keep a separate mutex here to catch future methods attempting to access this variable.
+    std::mutex mDeviceEffectsMutex;
+    std::map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<DeviceEffects>> mDeviceEffects
+            GUARDED_BY(mDeviceEffectsMutex);
 
     /**
      * Device Effect initialization must be asynchronous: the audio_policy service parses and init
      * effect on first reference. AudioFlinger will handle effect creation and register these
      * effect on audio_policy service.
-     * We must store the reference of the furture garantee real asynchronous operation.
+     *
+     * The future is associated with the std::async launched thread - no need to lock as
+     * it is only set once on init.  Due to the async nature, it is conceivable that
+     * some device effects are not available immediately after AudioPolicyService::onFirstRef()
+     * while the effects are being created.
      */
     std::future<void> mDefaultDeviceEffectFuture;
 };
 
 } // namespace android
-
-#endif // ANDROID_AUDIOPOLICYEFFECTS_H
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyInterfaceImpl.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyInterfaceImpl.cpp
index 5d86e7c..6e1ecec 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyInterfaceImpl.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyInterfaceImpl.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 //#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
 
 #include "AudioPolicyService.h"
+#include "AudioRecordClient.h"
 #include "TypeConverter.h"
 #include <media/AidlConversion.h>
 #include <media/AudioPolicy.h>
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@
 void AudioPolicyService::doOnNewAudioModulesAvailable()
 {
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) return;
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     mAudioPolicyManager->onNewAudioModulesAvailable();
 }
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@
     }
 
     ALOGV("setDeviceConnectionState()");
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     status_t status = mAudioPolicyManager->setDeviceConnectionState(
             state, port, encodedFormat);
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@
                         AUDIO_POLICY_DEVICE_STATE_UNAVAILABLE));
         return Status::ok();
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     *_aidl_return = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(
             legacy2aidl_audio_policy_dev_state_t_AudioPolicyDeviceState(
@@ -189,7 +190,7 @@
     }
 
     ALOGV("handleDeviceConfigChange()");
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     status_t status =  mAudioPolicyManager->handleDeviceConfigChange(
             device, address.c_str(), deviceNameAidl.c_str(), encodedFormat);
@@ -220,7 +221,7 @@
     // acquire lock before calling setMode() so that setMode() + setPhoneState() are an atomic
     // operation from policy manager standpoint (no other operation (e.g track start or stop)
     // can be interleaved).
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     // TODO: check if it is more appropriate to do it in platform specific policy manager
 
     // Audio HAL mode conversion for call redirect modes
@@ -241,7 +242,7 @@
 }
 
 Status AudioPolicyService::getPhoneState(AudioMode* _aidl_return) {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     *_aidl_return = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(legacy2aidl_audio_mode_t_AudioMode(mPhoneState));
     return Status::ok();
 }
@@ -269,7 +270,7 @@
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(BAD_VALUE);
     }
     ALOGV("setForceUse()");
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     mAudioPolicyManager->setForceUse(usage, config);
     onCheckSpatializer_l();
@@ -311,7 +312,7 @@
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
     ALOGV("getOutput()");
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     *_aidl_return = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(
             legacy2aidl_audio_io_handle_t_int32_t(mAudioPolicyManager->getOutput(stream)));
@@ -351,7 +352,7 @@
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(binderStatusFromStatusT(validateUsage(attr, attributionSource)));
 
     ALOGV("%s()", __func__);
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
 
     if (!mPackageManager.allowPlaybackCapture(VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(
         aidl2legacy_int32_t_uid_t(attributionSource.uid)))) {
@@ -457,7 +458,7 @@
                                                      sp<AudioPolicyEffects>& effects,
                                                      const char *context)
 {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     const ssize_t index = mAudioPlaybackClients.indexOfKey(portId);
     if (index < 0) {
         ALOGE("%s AudioTrack client not found for portId %d", context, portId);
@@ -488,7 +489,7 @@
             ALOGW("Failed to add effects on session %d", client->session);
         }
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     status_t status = mAudioPolicyManager->startOutput(portId);
     if (status == NO_ERROR) {
@@ -530,7 +531,7 @@
             ALOGW("Failed to release effects on session %d", client->session);
         }
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     status_t status = mAudioPolicyManager->stopOutput(portId);
     if (status == NO_ERROR) {
@@ -566,7 +567,7 @@
         audioPolicyEffects->releaseOutputSessionEffects(
             client->io, client->stream, client->session);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     if (client != nullptr && client->active) {
         onUpdateActiveSpatializerTracks_l();
     }
@@ -690,7 +691,7 @@
         status_t status;
         AudioPolicyInterface::input_type_t inputType;
 
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
         {
             AutoCallerClear acc;
             // the audio_in_acoustics_t parameter is ignored by get_input()
@@ -793,7 +794,7 @@
     }
     sp<AudioRecordClient> client;
     {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
 
         ssize_t index = mAudioRecordClients.indexOfKey(portId);
         if (index < 0) {
@@ -816,7 +817,7 @@
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(PERMISSION_DENIED);
     }
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
 
     ALOGW_IF(client->silenced, "startInput on silenced input for port %d, uid %d. Unsilencing.",
             portIdAidl,
@@ -936,7 +937,7 @@
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
 
     ssize_t index = mAudioRecordClients.indexOfKey(portId);
     if (index < 0) {
@@ -966,7 +967,7 @@
     sp<AudioPolicyEffects>audioPolicyEffects;
     sp<AudioRecordClient> client;
     {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
         audioPolicyEffects = mAudioPolicyEffects;
         ssize_t index = mAudioRecordClients.indexOfKey(portId);
         if (index < 0) {
@@ -994,7 +995,7 @@
         }
     }
     {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
         AutoCallerClear acc;
         mAudioPolicyManager->releaseInput(portId);
     }
@@ -1018,7 +1019,7 @@
     if (uint32_t(stream) >= AUDIO_STREAM_PUBLIC_CNT) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(BAD_VALUE);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     mAudioPolicyManager->initStreamVolume(stream, indexMin, indexMax);
     return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_ERROR);
@@ -1042,7 +1043,7 @@
     if (uint32_t(stream) >= AUDIO_STREAM_PUBLIC_CNT) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(BAD_VALUE);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     return binderStatusFromStatusT(mAudioPolicyManager->setStreamVolumeIndex(stream,
                                                                              index,
@@ -1064,7 +1065,7 @@
     if (uint32_t(stream) >= AUDIO_STREAM_PUBLIC_CNT) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(BAD_VALUE);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(binderStatusFromStatusT(
             mAudioPolicyManager->getStreamVolumeIndex(stream, &index, device)));
@@ -1089,7 +1090,7 @@
     if (!settingsAllowed()) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(PERMISSION_DENIED);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     return binderStatusFromStatusT(
             mAudioPolicyManager->setVolumeIndexForAttributes(attributes, index, device));
@@ -1109,7 +1110,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(binderStatusFromStatusT(
             mAudioPolicyManager->getVolumeIndexForAttributes(attributes, index, device)));
@@ -1128,7 +1129,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(binderStatusFromStatusT(
             mAudioPolicyManager->getMinVolumeIndexForAttributes(attributes, index)));
@@ -1147,7 +1148,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(binderStatusFromStatusT(
             mAudioPolicyManager->getMaxVolumeIndexForAttributes(attributes, index)));
@@ -1189,7 +1190,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(binderStatusFromStatusT(
             mAudioPolicyManager->getDevicesForAttributes(aa, &devices, forVolume)));
@@ -1209,7 +1210,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     *_aidl_return = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(
             legacy2aidl_audio_io_handle_t_int32_t(mAudioPolicyManager->getOutputForEffect(&desc)));
@@ -1234,7 +1235,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     return binderStatusFromStatusT(
             mAudioPolicyManager->registerEffect(&desc, io, strategy, session, id));
@@ -1246,7 +1247,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     return binderStatusFromStatusT(mAudioPolicyManager->unregisterEffect(id));
 }
@@ -1257,7 +1258,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     return binderStatusFromStatusT(mAudioPolicyManager->setEffectEnabled(id, enabled));
 }
@@ -1276,7 +1277,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     return binderStatusFromStatusT(mAudioPolicyManager->moveEffectsToIo(ids, io));
 }
@@ -1294,7 +1295,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     *_aidl_return = mAudioPolicyManager->isStreamActive(stream, inPastMs);
     return Status::ok();
@@ -1314,7 +1315,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     *_aidl_return = mAudioPolicyManager->isStreamActiveRemotely(stream, inPastMs);
     return Status::ok();
@@ -1326,7 +1327,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     *_aidl_return = mAudioPolicyManager->isSourceActive(source);
     return Status::ok();
@@ -1338,7 +1339,7 @@
         return NO_INIT;
     }
     {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
         audioPolicyEffects = mAudioPolicyEffects;
     }
     if (audioPolicyEffects == 0) {
@@ -1462,7 +1463,7 @@
             convertRange(systemUsagesAidl.begin(), systemUsagesAidl.begin() + size,
                          std::back_inserter(systemUsages), aidl2legacy_AudioUsage_audio_usage_t)));
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     if(!modifyAudioRoutingAllowed()) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(PERMISSION_DENIED);
     }
@@ -1482,7 +1483,7 @@
     audio_flags_mask_t capturePolicy = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(
             aidl2legacy_int32_t_audio_flags_mask_t_mask(capturePolicyAidl));
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         ALOGV("%s() mAudioPolicyManager == NULL", __func__);
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
@@ -1499,7 +1500,7 @@
         ALOGV("mAudioPolicyManager == NULL");
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(AUDIO_OFFLOAD_NOT_SUPPORTED);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     *_aidl_return = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(legacy2aidl_audio_offload_mode_t_AudioOffloadMode(
             mAudioPolicyManager->getOffloadSupport(info)));
@@ -1524,11 +1525,24 @@
 
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(binderStatusFromStatusT(validateUsage(attributes)));
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     *_aidl_return = mAudioPolicyManager->isDirectOutputSupported(config, attributes);
     return Status::ok();
 }
 
+template <typename Port>
+void anonymizePortBluetoothAddress(Port *port) {
+    if (port->type != AUDIO_PORT_TYPE_DEVICE) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!(audio_is_a2dp_device(port->ext.device.type)
+            || audio_is_ble_device(port->ext.device.type)
+            || audio_is_bluetooth_sco_device(port->ext.device.type)
+            || audio_is_hearing_aid_out_device(port->ext.device.type))) {
+        return;
+    }
+    anonymizeBluetoothAddress(port->ext.device.address);
+}
 
 Status AudioPolicyService::listAudioPorts(media::AudioPortRole roleAidl,
                                           media::AudioPortType typeAidl, Int* count,
@@ -1547,14 +1561,24 @@
     std::unique_ptr<audio_port_v7[]> ports(new audio_port_v7[num_ports]);
     unsigned int generation;
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
+
+    const AttributionSourceState attributionSource = getCallingAttributionSource();
+
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(binderStatusFromStatusT(
             mAudioPolicyManager->listAudioPorts(role, type, &num_ports, ports.get(), &generation)));
     numPortsReq = std::min(numPortsReq, num_ports);
+
+    if (mustAnonymizeBluetoothAddress(attributionSource, String16(__func__))) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < numPortsReq; ++i) {
+            anonymizePortBluetoothAddress(&ports[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(binderStatusFromStatusT(
             convertRange(ports.get(), ports.get() + numPortsReq, std::back_inserter(*portsAidl),
                          legacy2aidl_audio_port_v7_AudioPortFw)));
@@ -1565,7 +1589,7 @@
 
 Status AudioPolicyService::listDeclaredDevicePorts(media::AudioPortRole role,
                                                     std::vector<media::AudioPortFw>* _aidl_return) {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
@@ -1577,12 +1601,20 @@
 Status AudioPolicyService::getAudioPort(int portId,
                                         media::AudioPortFw* _aidl_return) {
     audio_port_v7 port{ .id = portId };
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
+
+    const AttributionSourceState attributionSource = getCallingAttributionSource();
+
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(binderStatusFromStatusT(mAudioPolicyManager->getAudioPort(&port)));
+
+    if (mustAnonymizeBluetoothAddress(attributionSource, String16(__func__))) {
+        anonymizePortBluetoothAddress(&port);
+    }
+
     *_aidl_return = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(legacy2aidl_audio_port_v7_AudioPortFw(port));
     return Status::ok();
 }
@@ -1596,7 +1628,7 @@
             aidl2legacy_int32_t_audio_port_handle_t(handleAidl));
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(binderStatusFromStatusT(AudioValidator::validateAudioPatch(patch)));
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     if(!modifyAudioRoutingAllowed()) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(PERMISSION_DENIED);
     }
@@ -1615,7 +1647,7 @@
 {
     audio_patch_handle_t handle = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(
             aidl2legacy_int32_t_audio_patch_handle_t(handleAidl));
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     if(!modifyAudioRoutingAllowed()) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(PERMISSION_DENIED);
     }
@@ -1640,14 +1672,29 @@
     std::unique_ptr<audio_patch[]> patches(new audio_patch[num_patches]);
     unsigned int generation;
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
+
+    const AttributionSourceState attributionSource = getCallingAttributionSource();
+
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(binderStatusFromStatusT(
             mAudioPolicyManager->listAudioPatches(&num_patches, patches.get(), &generation)));
     numPatchesReq = std::min(numPatchesReq, num_patches);
+
+    if (mustAnonymizeBluetoothAddress(attributionSource, String16(__func__))) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < numPatchesReq; ++i) {
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < patches[i].num_sources; ++j) {
+                anonymizePortBluetoothAddress(&patches[i].sources[j]);
+            }
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < patches[i].num_sinks; ++j) {
+                anonymizePortBluetoothAddress(&patches[i].sinks[j]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(binderStatusFromStatusT(
             convertRange(patches.get(), patches.get() + numPatchesReq,
                          std::back_inserter(*patchesAidl), legacy2aidl_audio_patch_AudioPatchFw)));
@@ -1663,7 +1710,7 @@
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(
             binderStatusFromStatusT(AudioValidator::validateAudioPortConfig(config)));
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     if(!modifyAudioRoutingAllowed()) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(PERMISSION_DENIED);
     }
@@ -1681,7 +1728,7 @@
     audio_devices_t device;
 
     {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
         if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
             return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
         }
@@ -1703,7 +1750,7 @@
 {
     audio_session_t session = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(
             aidl2legacy_int32_t_audio_session_t(sessionAidl));
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
@@ -1722,7 +1769,7 @@
             convertRange(mixesAidl.begin(), mixesAidl.begin() + size, std::back_inserter(mixes),
                          aidl2legacy_AudioMix)));
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
 
     // loopback|render only need a MediaProjection (checked in caller AudioService.java)
     bool needModifyAudioRouting = std::any_of(mixes.begin(), mixes.end(), [](auto& mix) {
@@ -1763,6 +1810,22 @@
     }
 }
 
+Status AudioPolicyService::updatePolicyMixes(
+        const ::std::vector<::android::media::AudioMixUpdate>& updates) {
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
+    for (const auto& update : updates) {
+        AudioMix mix = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(aidl2legacy_AudioMix(update.audioMix));
+        std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> newCriteria =
+                VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(convertContainer<std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion>>(
+                        update.newCriteria, aidl2legacy_AudioMixMatchCriterion));
+        int status;
+        if((status = mAudioPolicyManager->updatePolicyMix(mix, newCriteria)) != NO_ERROR) {
+            return binderStatusFromStatusT(status);
+        }
+    }
+    return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_ERROR);
+}
+
 Status AudioPolicyService::setUidDeviceAffinities(
         int32_t uidAidl,
         const std::vector<AudioDevice>& devicesAidl) {
@@ -1771,7 +1834,7 @@
             convertContainer<AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector>(devicesAidl,
                                                         aidl2legacy_AudioDeviceTypeAddress));
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     if(!modifyAudioRoutingAllowed()) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(PERMISSION_DENIED);
     }
@@ -1785,7 +1848,7 @@
 Status AudioPolicyService::removeUidDeviceAffinities(int32_t uidAidl) {
     uid_t uid = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(aidl2legacy_int32_t_uid_t(uidAidl));
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     if(!modifyAudioRoutingAllowed()) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(PERMISSION_DENIED);
     }
@@ -1804,7 +1867,7 @@
             convertContainer<AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector>(devicesAidl,
                                                         aidl2legacy_AudioDeviceTypeAddress));
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     if(!modifyAudioRoutingAllowed()) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(PERMISSION_DENIED);
     }
@@ -1818,7 +1881,7 @@
 Status AudioPolicyService::removeUserIdDeviceAffinities(int32_t userIdAidl) {
     int userId = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(convertReinterpret<int>(userIdAidl));
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     if(!modifyAudioRoutingAllowed()) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(PERMISSION_DENIED);
     }
@@ -1842,7 +1905,7 @@
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(binderStatusFromStatusT(
             AudioValidator::validateAudioAttributes(attributes, "68953950")));
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
@@ -1863,7 +1926,7 @@
     audio_port_handle_t portId = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(
             aidl2legacy_int32_t_audio_port_handle_t(portIdAidl));
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
@@ -1879,7 +1942,7 @@
     if (!settingsAllowed()) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(PERMISSION_DENIED);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     return binderStatusFromStatusT(mAudioPolicyManager->setMasterMono(mono));
 }
@@ -1889,7 +1952,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     return binderStatusFromStatusT(mAudioPolicyManager->getMasterMono(_aidl_return));
 }
@@ -1907,7 +1970,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     *_aidl_return = mAudioPolicyManager->getStreamVolumeDB(stream, index, device);
     return Status::ok();
@@ -1928,7 +1991,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(binderStatusFromStatusT(
             mAudioPolicyManager->getSurroundFormats(&numSurroundFormats, surroundFormats.get(),
@@ -1959,7 +2022,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(binderStatusFromStatusT(
             mAudioPolicyManager->getReportedSurroundFormats(
@@ -1981,7 +2044,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     audio_devices_t device = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(
             aidl2legacy_AudioDeviceDescription_audio_devices_t(deviceAidl));
@@ -2001,7 +2064,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     return binderStatusFromStatusT(
             mAudioPolicyManager->setSurroundFormatEnabled(audioFormat, enabled));
@@ -2024,7 +2087,7 @@
     std::vector<uid_t> uids;
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(convertInt32VectorToUidVectorWithLimit(uidsAidl, uids));
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     mUidPolicy->setAssistantUids(uids);
     return Status::ok();
 }
@@ -2034,7 +2097,7 @@
     std::vector<uid_t> activeUids;
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(convertInt32VectorToUidVectorWithLimit(activeUidsAidl, activeUids));
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     mUidPolicy->setActiveAssistantUids(activeUids);
     return Status::ok();
 }
@@ -2044,7 +2107,7 @@
     std::vector<uid_t> uids;
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(convertInt32VectorToUidVectorWithLimit(uidsAidl, uids));
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     mUidPolicy->setA11yUids(uids);
     return Status::ok();
 }
@@ -2052,7 +2115,7 @@
 Status AudioPolicyService::setCurrentImeUid(int32_t uidAidl)
 {
     uid_t uid = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(aidl2legacy_int32_t_uid_t(uidAidl));
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     mUidPolicy->setCurrentImeUid(uid);
     return Status::ok();
 }
@@ -2062,7 +2125,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     *_aidl_return = mAudioPolicyManager->isHapticPlaybackSupported();
     return Status::ok();
@@ -2073,7 +2136,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     *_aidl_return = mAudioPolicyManager->isUltrasoundSupported();
     return Status::ok();
@@ -2084,7 +2147,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == nullptr) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     *_aidl_return = mAudioPolicyManager->isHotwordStreamSupported(lookbackAudio);
     return Status::ok();
@@ -2097,7 +2160,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(
             binderStatusFromStatusT(mAudioPolicyManager->listAudioProductStrategies(strategies)));
     *_aidl_return = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(
@@ -2117,7 +2180,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(binderStatusFromStatusT(
             mAudioPolicyManager->getProductStrategyFromAudioAttributes(
                     aa, productStrategy, fallbackOnDefault)));
@@ -2132,7 +2195,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(
             binderStatusFromStatusT(mAudioPolicyManager->listAudioVolumeGroups(groups)));
     *_aidl_return = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(
@@ -2151,7 +2214,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(
             binderStatusFromStatusT(
                     mAudioPolicyManager->getVolumeGroupFromAudioAttributes(
@@ -2162,7 +2225,7 @@
 
 Status AudioPolicyService::setRttEnabled(bool enabled)
 {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     mUidPolicy->setRttEnabled(enabled);
     return Status::ok();
 }
@@ -2172,7 +2235,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     AutoCallerClear acc;
     *_aidl_return = mAudioPolicyManager->isCallScreenModeSupported();
     return Status::ok();
@@ -2193,7 +2256,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     status_t status = mAudioPolicyManager->setDevicesRoleForStrategy(strategy, role, devices);
     if (status == NO_ERROR) {
        onCheckSpatializer_l();
@@ -2216,7 +2279,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     status_t status = mAudioPolicyManager->removeDevicesRoleForStrategy(strategy, role, devices);
     if (status == NO_ERROR) {
        onCheckSpatializer_l();
@@ -2233,7 +2296,7 @@
    if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     status_t status = mAudioPolicyManager->clearDevicesRoleForStrategy(strategy, role);
     if (status == NO_ERROR) {
        onCheckSpatializer_l();
@@ -2254,7 +2317,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == NULL) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(binderStatusFromStatusT(
             mAudioPolicyManager->getDevicesForRoleAndStrategy(strategy, role, devices)));
     *_aidl_return = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(
@@ -2284,7 +2347,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == nullptr) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     return binderStatusFromStatusT(
             mAudioPolicyManager->setDevicesRoleForCapturePreset(audioSource, role, devices));
 }
@@ -2304,7 +2367,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == nullptr) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     return binderStatusFromStatusT(
             mAudioPolicyManager->addDevicesRoleForCapturePreset(audioSource, role, devices));
 }
@@ -2324,7 +2387,7 @@
    if (mAudioPolicyManager == nullptr) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     return binderStatusFromStatusT(
             mAudioPolicyManager->removeDevicesRoleForCapturePreset(audioSource, role, devices));
 }
@@ -2339,7 +2402,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == nullptr) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     return binderStatusFromStatusT(
             mAudioPolicyManager->clearDevicesRoleForCapturePreset(audioSource, role));
 }
@@ -2357,7 +2420,7 @@
     if (mAudioPolicyManager == nullptr) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(NO_INIT);
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(binderStatusFromStatusT(
             mAudioPolicyManager->getDevicesForRoleAndCapturePreset(audioSource, role, devices)));
     *_aidl_return = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(
@@ -2404,7 +2467,7 @@
             convertContainer<AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector>(devicesAidl,
                                                         aidl2legacy_AudioDeviceTypeAddress));
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     *_aidl_return = mAudioPolicyManager->canBeSpatialized(&attr, &config, devices);
     return Status::ok();
 }
@@ -2423,7 +2486,7 @@
             aidl2legacy_AudioAttributes_audio_attributes_t(attrAidl));
     audio_config_t config = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(
             aidl2legacy_AudioConfig_audio_config_t(configAidl, false /*isInput*/));
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     *_aidl_return = static_cast<media::AudioDirectMode>(
             VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(legacy2aidl_audio_direct_mode_t_int32_t_mask(
                     mAudioPolicyManager->getDirectPlaybackSupport(&attr, &config))));
@@ -2440,7 +2503,7 @@
             aidl2legacy_AudioAttributes_audio_attributes_t(attrAidl));
     AudioProfileVector audioProfiles;
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(binderStatusFromStatusT(
             mAudioPolicyManager->getDirectProfilesForAttributes(&attr, audioProfiles)));
     *_aidl_return = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(
@@ -2460,7 +2523,7 @@
             aidl2legacy_int32_t_audio_port_handle_t(portIdAidl));
 
     std::vector<audio_mixer_attributes_t> mixerAttrs;
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(
             binderStatusFromStatusT(mAudioPolicyManager->getSupportedMixerAttributes(
                     portId, mixerAttrs)));
@@ -2488,7 +2551,7 @@
     audio_port_handle_t portId = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(
             aidl2legacy_int32_t_audio_port_handle_t(portIdAidl));
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     return binderStatusFromStatusT(
             mAudioPolicyManager->setPreferredMixerAttributes(&attr, portId, uid, &mixerAttr));
 }
@@ -2506,7 +2569,7 @@
     audio_port_handle_t portId = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(
             aidl2legacy_int32_t_audio_port_handle_t(portIdAidl));
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     audio_mixer_attributes_t mixerAttr = AUDIO_MIXER_ATTRIBUTES_INITIALIZER;
     RETURN_IF_BINDER_ERROR(
             binderStatusFromStatusT(mAudioPolicyManager->getPreferredMixerAttributes(
@@ -2530,7 +2593,7 @@
     audio_port_handle_t portId = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(
             aidl2legacy_int32_t_audio_port_handle_t(portIdAidl));
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     return binderStatusFromStatusT(
             mAudioPolicyManager->clearPreferredMixerAttributes(&attr, portId, uid));
 }
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyService.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyService.cpp
index 5fbbc30..aed6458 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyService.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyService.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <dlfcn.h>
 
-#include <android/content/pm/IPackageManagerNative.h>
 #include <audio_utils/clock.h>
 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
@@ -35,6 +34,7 @@
 #include <binder/IResultReceiver.h>
 #include <utils/String16.h>
 #include <utils/threads.h>
+#include "AudioRecordClient.h"
 #include "AudioPolicyService.h"
 #include <hardware_legacy/power.h>
 #include <media/AidlConversion.h>
@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@
 BINDER_METHOD_ENTRY(releaseSoundTriggerSession) \
 BINDER_METHOD_ENTRY(getPhoneState) \
 BINDER_METHOD_ENTRY(registerPolicyMixes) \
+BINDER_METHOD_ENTRY(updatePolicyMixes) \
 BINDER_METHOD_ENTRY(setUidDeviceAffinities) \
 BINDER_METHOD_ENTRY(removeUidDeviceAffinities) \
 BINDER_METHOD_ENTRY(setUserIdDeviceAffinities) \
@@ -217,27 +218,6 @@
 {
     delete interface;
 }
-
-namespace {
-int getTargetSdkForPackageName(std::string_view packageName) {
-    const auto binder = defaultServiceManager()->checkService(String16{"package_native"});
-    int targetSdk = -1;
-    if (binder != nullptr) {
-        const auto pm = interface_cast<content::pm::IPackageManagerNative>(binder);
-        if (pm != nullptr) {
-            const auto status = pm->getTargetSdkVersionForPackage(
-                    String16{packageName.data(), packageName.size()}, &targetSdk);
-            ALOGI("Capy check package %s, sdk %d", packageName.data(), targetSdk);
-            return status.isOk() ? targetSdk : -1;
-        }
-    }
-    return targetSdk;
-}
-
-bool doesPackageTargetAtLeastU(std::string_view packageName) {
-    return getTargetSdkForPackageName(packageName) >= __ANDROID_API_U__;
-}
-} // anonymous
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 AudioPolicyService::AudioPolicyService()
@@ -285,7 +265,7 @@
             .set(AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_EXECUTIONTIMENS, (int64_t)(systemTime() - beginNs))
             .record(); });
     {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
 
         // start audio commands thread
         mAudioCommandThread = new AudioCommandThread(String8("ApmAudio"), this);
@@ -300,11 +280,11 @@
 
     // load audio processing modules
     const sp<EffectsFactoryHalInterface> effectsFactoryHal = EffectsFactoryHalInterface::create();
-    sp<AudioPolicyEffects> audioPolicyEffects = new AudioPolicyEffects(effectsFactoryHal);
-    sp<UidPolicy> uidPolicy = new UidPolicy(this);
-    sp<SensorPrivacyPolicy> sensorPrivacyPolicy = new SensorPrivacyPolicy(this);
+    auto audioPolicyEffects = sp<AudioPolicyEffects>::make(effectsFactoryHal);
+    auto uidPolicy = sp<UidPolicy>::make(this);
+    auto sensorPrivacyPolicy = sp<SensorPrivacyPolicy>::make(this);
     {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
         mAudioPolicyEffects = audioPolicyEffects;
         mUidPolicy = uidPolicy;
         mSensorPrivacyPolicy = sensorPrivacyPolicy;
@@ -314,12 +294,16 @@
 
     // Create spatializer if supported
     if (mAudioPolicyManager != nullptr) {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
         const audio_attributes_t attr = attributes_initializer(AUDIO_USAGE_MEDIA);
         AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector devices;
         bool hasSpatializer = mAudioPolicyManager->canBeSpatialized(&attr, nullptr, devices);
         if (hasSpatializer) {
+            // Unlock as Spatializer::create() will use the callback and acquire the
+            // AudioPolicyService_Mutex.
+            mMutex.unlock();
             mSpatializer = Spatializer::create(this, effectsFactoryHal);
+            mMutex.lock();
         }
         if (mSpatializer == nullptr) {
             // No spatializer created, signal the reason: NO_INIT a failure, OK means intended.
@@ -328,6 +312,9 @@
         }
     }
     AudioSystem::audioPolicyReady();
+    // AudioFlinger will handle effect creation and register these effects on audio_policy
+    // service. Hence, audio_policy service must be ready.
+    audioPolicyEffects->setDefaultDeviceEffects();
 }
 
 void AudioPolicyService::unloadAudioPolicyManager()
@@ -369,7 +356,7 @@
         ALOGW("%s got NULL client", __FUNCTION__);
         return Status::ok();
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mNotificationClientsLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mNotificationClientsMutex);
 
     uid_t uid = IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingUid();
     pid_t pid = IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingPid();
@@ -392,7 +379,7 @@
 
 Status AudioPolicyService::setAudioPortCallbacksEnabled(bool enabled)
 {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mNotificationClientsLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mNotificationClientsMutex);
 
     uid_t uid = IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingUid();
     pid_t pid = IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingPid();
@@ -407,7 +394,7 @@
 
 Status AudioPolicyService::setAudioVolumeGroupCallbacksEnabled(bool enabled)
 {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mNotificationClientsLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mNotificationClientsMutex);
 
     uid_t uid = IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingUid();
     pid_t pid = IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingPid();
@@ -425,7 +412,7 @@
 {
     bool hasSameUid = false;
     {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mNotificationClientsLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mNotificationClientsMutex);
         int64_t token = ((int64_t)uid<<32) | pid;
         mNotificationClients.removeItem(token);
         for (size_t i = 0; i < mNotificationClients.size(); i++) {
@@ -436,7 +423,7 @@
         }
     }
     {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
         if (mAudioPolicyManager && !hasSameUid) {
             // called from binder death notification: no need to clear caller identity
             mAudioPolicyManager->releaseResourcesForUid(uid);
@@ -451,7 +438,7 @@
 
 void AudioPolicyService::doOnAudioPortListUpdate()
 {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mNotificationClientsLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mNotificationClientsMutex);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < mNotificationClients.size(); i++) {
         mNotificationClients.valueAt(i)->onAudioPortListUpdate();
     }
@@ -464,7 +451,7 @@
 
 void AudioPolicyService::doOnAudioPatchListUpdate()
 {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mNotificationClientsLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mNotificationClientsMutex);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < mNotificationClients.size(); i++) {
         mNotificationClients.valueAt(i)->onAudioPatchListUpdate();
     }
@@ -477,7 +464,7 @@
 
 void AudioPolicyService::doOnAudioVolumeGroupChanged(volume_group_t group, int flags)
 {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mNotificationClientsLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mNotificationClientsMutex);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < mNotificationClients.size(); i++) {
         mNotificationClients.valueAt(i)->onAudioVolumeGroupChanged(group, flags);
     }
@@ -492,7 +479,7 @@
 
 void AudioPolicyService::doOnDynamicPolicyMixStateUpdate(const String8& regId, int32_t state)
 {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mNotificationClientsLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mNotificationClientsMutex);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < mNotificationClients.size(); i++) {
         mNotificationClients.valueAt(i)->onDynamicPolicyMixStateUpdate(regId, state);
     }
@@ -522,7 +509,7 @@
                                                   audio_patch_handle_t patchHandle,
                                                   audio_source_t source)
 {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mNotificationClientsLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mNotificationClientsMutex);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < mNotificationClients.size(); i++) {
         mNotificationClients.valueAt(i)->onRecordingConfigurationUpdate(event, clientInfo,
                 clientConfig, clientEffects, deviceConfig, effects, patchHandle, source);
@@ -536,7 +523,7 @@
 
 void AudioPolicyService::doOnRoutingUpdated()
 {
-  Mutex::Autolock _l(mNotificationClientsLock);
+  audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mNotificationClientsMutex);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < mNotificationClients.size(); i++) {
         mNotificationClients.valueAt(i)->onRoutingUpdated();
     }
@@ -549,7 +536,7 @@
 
 void AudioPolicyService::doOnVolumeRangeInitRequest()
 {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mNotificationClientsLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mNotificationClientsMutex);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < mNotificationClients.size(); i++) {
         mNotificationClients.valueAt(i)->onVolumeRangeInitRequest();
     }
@@ -557,7 +544,7 @@
 
 void AudioPolicyService::onCheckSpatializer()
 {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     onCheckSpatializer_l();
 }
 
@@ -581,7 +568,7 @@
             const audio_attributes_t attr = attributes_initializer(AUDIO_USAGE_MEDIA);
             audio_config_base_t config = mSpatializer->getAudioInConfig();
 
-            Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+            audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
             status_t status =
                     mAudioPolicyManager->getSpatializerOutput(&config, &attr, &newOutput);
             ALOGV("%s currentOutput %d newOutput %d channel_mask %#x",
@@ -590,13 +577,13 @@
                 return;
             }
             size_t numActiveTracks = countActiveClientsOnOutput_l(newOutput);
-            mLock.unlock();
+            mMutex.unlock();
             // It is OK to call detachOutput() is none is already attached.
             mSpatializer->detachOutput();
             if (status == NO_ERROR && newOutput != AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE) {
                 status = mSpatializer->attachOutput(newOutput, numActiveTracks);
             }
-            mLock.lock();
+            mMutex.lock();
             if (status != NO_ERROR) {
                 mAudioPolicyManager->releaseSpatializerOutput(newOutput);
             }
@@ -605,7 +592,7 @@
             audio_io_handle_t output = mSpatializer->detachOutput();
 
             if (output != AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE) {
-                Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+                audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
                 mAudioPolicyManager->releaseSpatializerOutput(output);
             }
         }
@@ -640,7 +627,7 @@
     audio_io_handle_t output = mSpatializer->getOutput();
     size_t activeClients;
     {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
         activeClients = countActiveClientsOnOutput_l(output);
     }
     mSpatializer->updateActiveTracks(activeClients);
@@ -796,12 +783,8 @@
             IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingPid());
 }
 
-static bool dumpTryLock(Mutex& mutex) ACQUIRE(mutex) NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS
-{
-    return mutex.timedLock(kDumpLockTimeoutNs) == NO_ERROR;
-}
-
-static void dumpReleaseLock(Mutex& mutex, bool locked) RELEASE(mutex) NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS
+static void dumpReleaseLock(audio_utils::mutex& mutex, bool locked)
+        RELEASE(mutex) NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS
 {
     if (locked) mutex.unlock();
 }
@@ -838,7 +821,7 @@
 
 void AudioPolicyService::updateUidStates()
 {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     updateUidStates_l();
 }
 
@@ -985,7 +968,8 @@
                 }
             }
         }
-        if (current->attributes.source != AUDIO_SOURCE_HOTWORD) {
+        if (current->attributes.source != AUDIO_SOURCE_HOTWORD &&
+                !isVirtualSource(current->attributes.source)) {
             onlyHotwordActive = false;
         }
         if (currentUid == mPhoneStateOwnerUid &&
@@ -1039,7 +1023,7 @@
         bool isTopOrLatestAssistant = latestActiveAssistant == nullptr ? false :
             current->attributionSource.uid == latestActiveAssistant->attributionSource.uid;
 
-        auto canCaptureIfInCallOrCommunication = [&](const auto &recordClient) REQUIRES(mLock) {
+        auto canCaptureIfInCallOrCommunication = [&](const auto &recordClient) REQUIRES(mMutex) {
             uid_t recordUid = VALUE_OR_FATAL(aidl2legacy_int32_t_uid_t(
                 recordClient->attributionSource.uid));
             bool canCaptureCall = recordClient->canCaptureOutput;
@@ -1187,20 +1171,6 @@
     return false;
 }
 
-/* static */
-bool AudioPolicyService::isAppOpSource(audio_source_t source)
-{
-    switch (source) {
-        case AUDIO_SOURCE_FM_TUNER:
-        case AUDIO_SOURCE_ECHO_REFERENCE:
-        case AUDIO_SOURCE_REMOTE_SUBMIX:
-            return false;
-        default:
-            break;
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
 void AudioPolicyService::setAppState_l(sp<AudioRecordClient> client, app_state_t state)
 {
     AutoCallerClear acc;
@@ -1231,11 +1201,12 @@
 }
 
 status_t AudioPolicyService::dump(int fd, const Vector<String16>& args __unused)
+NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS  // update for trylock.
 {
     if (!dumpAllowed()) {
         dumpPermissionDenial(fd);
     } else {
-        const bool locked = dumpTryLock(mLock);
+        const bool locked = mMutex.try_lock(kDumpLockTimeoutNs);
         if (!locked) {
             String8 result(kDeadlockedString);
             write(fd, result.c_str(), result.size());
@@ -1264,7 +1235,7 @@
 
         mPackageManager.dump(fd);
 
-        dumpReleaseLock(mLock, locked);
+        dumpReleaseLock(mMutex, locked);
 
         if (mSpatializer != nullptr) {
             std::string dumpString = mSpatializer->toString(1 /* level */);
@@ -1340,6 +1311,7 @@
         case TRANSACTION_isStreamActiveRemotely:
         case TRANSACTION_isSourceActive:
         case TRANSACTION_registerPolicyMixes:
+        case TRANSACTION_updatePolicyMixes:
         case TRANSACTION_setMasterMono:
         case TRANSACTION_getSurroundFormats:
         case TRANSACTION_getReportedSurroundFormats:
@@ -1508,7 +1480,7 @@
 
     sp<UidPolicy> uidPolicy;
     {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
         uidPolicy = mUidPolicy;
     }
     if (uidPolicy) {
@@ -1537,7 +1509,7 @@
 
     sp<UidPolicy> uidPolicy;
     {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
         uidPolicy = mUidPolicy;
     }
     if (uidPolicy) {
@@ -1566,7 +1538,7 @@
 
     sp<UidPolicy> uidPolicy;
     {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
         uidPolicy = mUidPolicy;
     }
     if (uidPolicy) {
@@ -1604,7 +1576,7 @@
             ActivityManager::PROCESS_STATE_UNKNOWN,
             String16("audioserver"));
     if (!res) {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
         mObserverRegistered = true;
     } else {
         ALOGE("UidPolicy::registerSelf linkToDeath failed: %d", res);
@@ -1616,12 +1588,12 @@
 void AudioPolicyService::UidPolicy::unregisterSelf() {
     mAm.unlinkToDeath(this);
     mAm.unregisterUidObserver(this);
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     mObserverRegistered = false;
 }
 
 void AudioPolicyService::UidPolicy::binderDied(__unused const wp<IBinder> &who) {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     mCachedUids.clear();
     mObserverRegistered = false;
 }
@@ -1629,7 +1601,7 @@
 void AudioPolicyService::UidPolicy::checkRegistered() {
     bool needToReregister = false;
     {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
         needToReregister = !mObserverRegistered;
     }
     if (needToReregister) {
@@ -1642,7 +1614,7 @@
     if (isServiceUid(uid)) return true;
     checkRegistered();
     {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
         auto overrideIter = mOverrideUids.find(uid);
         if (overrideIter != mOverrideUids.end()) {
             return overrideIter->second.first;
@@ -1657,7 +1629,7 @@
     ActivityManager am;
     bool active = am.isUidActive(uid, String16("audioserver"));
     {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
         mCachedUids.insert(std::pair<uid_t,
                            std::pair<bool, int>>(uid, std::pair<bool, int>(active,
                                                       ActivityManager::PROCESS_STATE_UNKNOWN)));
@@ -1671,7 +1643,7 @@
     }
     checkRegistered();
     {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
         auto overrideIter = mOverrideUids.find(uid);
         if (overrideIter != mOverrideUids.end()) {
             if (overrideIter->second.first) {
@@ -1706,7 +1678,7 @@
         state = am.getUidProcessState(uid, String16("audioserver"));
     }
     {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
         mCachedUids.insert(std::pair<uid_t,
                            std::pair<bool, int>>(uid, std::pair<bool, int>(active, state)));
     }
@@ -1761,7 +1733,7 @@
     bool wasActive = isUidActive(uid);
     int previousState = getUidState(uid);
     {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
         updateUidLocked(uids, uid, active, state, insert);
     }
     if (wasActive != isUidActive(uid) || state != previousState) {
@@ -1796,7 +1768,7 @@
 }
 
 bool AudioPolicyService::UidPolicy::isA11yOnTop() {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
     for (const auto &uid : mCachedUids) {
         if (!isA11yUid(uid.first)) {
             continue;
@@ -1901,113 +1873,6 @@
     return binder::Status::ok();
 }
 
-// -----------  AudioPolicyService::OpRecordAudioMonitor implementation ----------
-
-// static
-sp<AudioPolicyService::OpRecordAudioMonitor>
-AudioPolicyService::OpRecordAudioMonitor::createIfNeeded(
-            const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource, const audio_attributes_t& attr,
-            wp<AudioCommandThread> commandThread)
-{
-    if (isAudioServerOrRootUid(attributionSource.uid)) {
-        ALOGV("not silencing record for audio or root source %s",
-                attributionSource.toString().c_str());
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    if (!AudioPolicyService::isAppOpSource(attr.source)) {
-        ALOGD("not monitoring app op for uid %d and source %d",
-                attributionSource.uid, attr.source);
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    if (!attributionSource.packageName.has_value()
-            || attributionSource.packageName.value().size() == 0) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    return new OpRecordAudioMonitor(attributionSource, getOpForSource(attr.source), commandThread);
-}
-
-AudioPolicyService::OpRecordAudioMonitor::OpRecordAudioMonitor(
-        const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource, int32_t appOp,
-        wp<AudioCommandThread> commandThread) :
-            mHasOp(true), mAttributionSource(attributionSource), mAppOp(appOp),
-            mCommandThread(commandThread)
-{
-}
-
-AudioPolicyService::OpRecordAudioMonitor::~OpRecordAudioMonitor()
-{
-    if (mOpCallback != 0) {
-        mAppOpsManager.stopWatchingMode(mOpCallback);
-    }
-    mOpCallback.clear();
-}
-
-void AudioPolicyService::OpRecordAudioMonitor::onFirstRef()
-{
-    checkOp();
-    mOpCallback = new RecordAudioOpCallback(this);
-    ALOGV("start watching op %d for %s", mAppOp, mAttributionSource.toString().c_str());
-    int flags = doesPackageTargetAtLeastU(
-            mAttributionSource.packageName.value_or("")) ?
-            AppOpsManager::WATCH_FOREGROUND_CHANGES : 0;
-    // TODO: We need to always watch AppOpsManager::OP_RECORD_AUDIO too
-    // since it controls the mic permission for legacy apps.
-    mAppOpsManager.startWatchingMode(mAppOp, VALUE_OR_FATAL(aidl2legacy_string_view_String16(
-        mAttributionSource.packageName.value_or(""))),
-        flags,
-        mOpCallback);
-}
-
-bool AudioPolicyService::OpRecordAudioMonitor::hasOp() const {
-    return mHasOp.load();
-}
-
-// Called by RecordAudioOpCallback when the app op corresponding to this OpRecordAudioMonitor
-// is updated in AppOp callback and in onFirstRef()
-// Note this method is never called (and never to be) for audio server / root track
-// due to the UID in createIfNeeded(). As a result for those record track, it's:
-// - not called from constructor,
-// - not called from RecordAudioOpCallback because the callback is not installed in this case
-void AudioPolicyService::OpRecordAudioMonitor::checkOp(bool updateUidStates)
-{
-    // TODO: We need to always check AppOpsManager::OP_RECORD_AUDIO too
-    // since it controls the mic permission for legacy apps.
-    const int32_t mode = mAppOpsManager.checkOp(mAppOp,
-            mAttributionSource.uid, VALUE_OR_FATAL(aidl2legacy_string_view_String16(
-                mAttributionSource.packageName.value_or(""))));
-    const bool hasIt = (mode == AppOpsManager::MODE_ALLOWED);
-    // verbose logging only log when appOp changed
-    ALOGI_IF(hasIt != mHasOp.load(),
-            "App op %d missing, %ssilencing record %s",
-            mAppOp, hasIt ? "un" : "", mAttributionSource.toString().c_str());
-    mHasOp.store(hasIt);
-
-    if (updateUidStates) {
-          sp<AudioCommandThread> commandThread = mCommandThread.promote();
-          if (commandThread != nullptr) {
-              commandThread->updateUidStatesCommand();
-          }
-    }
-}
-
-AudioPolicyService::OpRecordAudioMonitor::RecordAudioOpCallback::RecordAudioOpCallback(
-        const wp<OpRecordAudioMonitor>& monitor) : mMonitor(monitor)
-{ }
-
-void AudioPolicyService::OpRecordAudioMonitor::RecordAudioOpCallback::opChanged(int32_t op,
-            const String16& packageName __unused) {
-    sp<OpRecordAudioMonitor> monitor = mMonitor.promote();
-    if (monitor != NULL) {
-        if (op != monitor->getOp()) {
-            return;
-        }
-        monitor->checkOp(true);
-    }
-}
-
-
 // -----------  AudioPolicyService::AudioCommandThread implementation ----------
 
 AudioPolicyService::AudioCommandThread::AudioCommandThread(String8 name,
@@ -2034,7 +1899,7 @@
 {
     nsecs_t waitTime = -1;
 
-    mLock.lock();
+    audio_utils::unique_lock ul(mMutex);
     while (!exitPending())
     {
         sp<AudioPolicyService> svc;
@@ -2055,27 +1920,27 @@
                     VolumeData *data = (VolumeData *)command->mParam.get();
                     ALOGV("AudioCommandThread() processing set volume stream %d, \
                             volume %f, output %d", data->mStream, data->mVolume, data->mIO);
-                    mLock.unlock();
+                    ul.unlock();
                     command->mStatus = AudioSystem::setStreamVolume(data->mStream,
                                                                     data->mVolume,
                                                                     data->mIO);
-                    mLock.lock();
+                    ul.lock();
                     }break;
                 case SET_PARAMETERS: {
                     ParametersData *data = (ParametersData *)command->mParam.get();
                     ALOGV("AudioCommandThread() processing set parameters string %s, io %d",
                             data->mKeyValuePairs.c_str(), data->mIO);
-                    mLock.unlock();
+                    ul.unlock();
                     command->mStatus = AudioSystem::setParameters(data->mIO, data->mKeyValuePairs);
-                    mLock.lock();
+                    ul.lock();
                     }break;
                 case SET_VOICE_VOLUME: {
                     VoiceVolumeData *data = (VoiceVolumeData *)command->mParam.get();
                     ALOGV("AudioCommandThread() processing set voice volume volume %f",
                             data->mVolume);
-                    mLock.unlock();
+                    ul.unlock();
                     command->mStatus = AudioSystem::setVoiceVolume(data->mVolume);
-                    mLock.lock();
+                    ul.lock();
                     }break;
                 case STOP_OUTPUT: {
                     StopOutputData *data = (StopOutputData *)command->mParam.get();
@@ -2085,9 +1950,9 @@
                     if (svc == 0) {
                         break;
                     }
-                    mLock.unlock();
+                    ul.unlock();
                     svc->doStopOutput(data->mPortId);
-                    mLock.lock();
+                    ul.lock();
                     }break;
                 case RELEASE_OUTPUT: {
                     ReleaseOutputData *data = (ReleaseOutputData *)command->mParam.get();
@@ -2097,9 +1962,9 @@
                     if (svc == 0) {
                         break;
                     }
-                    mLock.unlock();
+                    ul.unlock();
                     svc->doReleaseOutput(data->mPortId);
-                    mLock.lock();
+                    ul.lock();
                     }break;
                 case CREATE_AUDIO_PATCH: {
                     CreateAudioPatchData *data = (CreateAudioPatchData *)command->mParam.get();
@@ -2108,9 +1973,9 @@
                     if (af == 0) {
                         command->mStatus = PERMISSION_DENIED;
                     } else {
-                        mLock.unlock();
+                        ul.unlock();
                         command->mStatus = af->createAudioPatch(&data->mPatch, &data->mHandle);
-                        mLock.lock();
+                        ul.lock();
                     }
                     } break;
                 case RELEASE_AUDIO_PATCH: {
@@ -2120,9 +1985,9 @@
                     if (af == 0) {
                         command->mStatus = PERMISSION_DENIED;
                     } else {
-                        mLock.unlock();
+                        ul.unlock();
                         command->mStatus = af->releaseAudioPatch(data->mHandle);
-                        mLock.lock();
+                        ul.lock();
                     }
                     } break;
                 case UPDATE_AUDIOPORT_LIST: {
@@ -2131,9 +1996,9 @@
                     if (svc == 0) {
                         break;
                     }
-                    mLock.unlock();
+                    ul.unlock();
                     svc->doOnAudioPortListUpdate();
-                    mLock.lock();
+                    ul.lock();
                     }break;
                 case UPDATE_AUDIOPATCH_LIST: {
                     ALOGV("AudioCommandThread() processing update audio patch list");
@@ -2141,9 +2006,9 @@
                     if (svc == 0) {
                         break;
                     }
-                    mLock.unlock();
+                    ul.unlock();
                     svc->doOnAudioPatchListUpdate();
-                    mLock.lock();
+                    ul.lock();
                     }break;
                 case CHANGED_AUDIOVOLUMEGROUP: {
                     AudioVolumeGroupData *data =
@@ -2153,9 +2018,9 @@
                     if (svc == 0) {
                         break;
                     }
-                    mLock.unlock();
+                    ul.unlock();
                     svc->doOnAudioVolumeGroupChanged(data->mGroup, data->mFlags);
-                    mLock.lock();
+                    ul.lock();
                     }break;
                 case SET_AUDIOPORT_CONFIG: {
                     SetAudioPortConfigData *data = (SetAudioPortConfigData *)command->mParam.get();
@@ -2164,9 +2029,9 @@
                     if (af == 0) {
                         command->mStatus = PERMISSION_DENIED;
                     } else {
-                        mLock.unlock();
+                        ul.unlock();
                         command->mStatus = af->setAudioPortConfig(&data->mConfig);
-                        mLock.lock();
+                        ul.lock();
                     }
                     } break;
                 case DYN_POLICY_MIX_STATE_UPDATE: {
@@ -2178,9 +2043,9 @@
                     if (svc == 0) {
                         break;
                     }
-                    mLock.unlock();
+                    ul.unlock();
                     svc->doOnDynamicPolicyMixStateUpdate(data->mRegId, data->mState);
-                    mLock.lock();
+                    ul.lock();
                     } break;
                 case RECORDING_CONFIGURATION_UPDATE: {
                     RecordingConfigurationUpdateData *data =
@@ -2190,21 +2055,21 @@
                     if (svc == 0) {
                         break;
                     }
-                    mLock.unlock();
+                    ul.unlock();
                     svc->doOnRecordingConfigurationUpdate(data->mEvent, &data->mClientInfo,
                             &data->mClientConfig, data->mClientEffects,
                             &data->mDeviceConfig, data->mEffects,
                             data->mPatchHandle, data->mSource);
-                    mLock.lock();
+                    ul.lock();
                     } break;
                 case SET_EFFECT_SUSPENDED: {
                     SetEffectSuspendedData *data = (SetEffectSuspendedData *)command->mParam.get();
                     ALOGV("AudioCommandThread() processing set effect suspended");
                     sp<IAudioFlinger> af = AudioSystem::get_audio_flinger();
                     if (af != 0) {
-                        mLock.unlock();
+                        ul.unlock();
                         af->setEffectSuspended(data->mEffectId, data->mSessionId, data->mSuspended);
-                        mLock.lock();
+                        ul.lock();
                     }
                     } break;
                 case AUDIO_MODULES_UPDATE: {
@@ -2213,9 +2078,9 @@
                     if (svc == 0) {
                         break;
                     }
-                    mLock.unlock();
+                    ul.unlock();
                     svc->doOnNewAudioModulesAvailable();
-                    mLock.lock();
+                    ul.lock();
                     } break;
                 case ROUTING_UPDATED: {
                     ALOGV("AudioCommandThread() processing routing update");
@@ -2223,9 +2088,9 @@
                     if (svc == 0) {
                         break;
                     }
-                    mLock.unlock();
+                    ul.unlock();
                     svc->doOnRoutingUpdated();
-                    mLock.lock();
+                    ul.lock();
                     } break;
 
                 case UPDATE_UID_STATES: {
@@ -2234,9 +2099,9 @@
                     if (svc == 0) {
                         break;
                     }
-                    mLock.unlock();
+                    ul.unlock();
                     svc->updateUidStates();
-                    mLock.lock();
+                    ul.lock();
                     } break;
 
                 case CHECK_SPATIALIZER_OUTPUT: {
@@ -2245,9 +2110,9 @@
                     if (svc == 0) {
                         break;
                     }
-                    mLock.unlock();
+                    ul.unlock();
                     svc->doOnCheckSpatializer();
-                    mLock.lock();
+                    ul.lock();
                     } break;
 
                 case UPDATE_ACTIVE_SPATIALIZER_TRACKS: {
@@ -2256,9 +2121,9 @@
                     if (svc == 0) {
                         break;
                     }
-                    mLock.unlock();
+                    ul.unlock();
                     svc->doOnUpdateActiveSpatializerTracks();
-                    mLock.lock();
+                    ul.lock();
                     } break;
 
                 case VOL_RANGE_INIT_REQUEST: {
@@ -2267,28 +2132,28 @@
                     if (svc == 0) {
                         break;
                     }
-                    mLock.unlock();
+                    ul.unlock();
                     svc->doOnVolumeRangeInitRequest();
-                    mLock.lock();
+                    ul.lock();
                     } break;
 
                 default:
                     ALOGW("AudioCommandThread() unknown command %d", command->mCommand);
                 }
                 {
-                    Mutex::Autolock _l(command->mLock);
+                    audio_utils::lock_guard _l(command->mMutex);
                     if (command->mWaitStatus) {
                         command->mWaitStatus = false;
-                        command->mCond.signal();
+                        command->mCond.notify_one();
                     }
                 }
                 waitTime = -1;
-                // release mLock before releasing strong reference on the service as
+                // release ul before releasing strong reference on the service as
                 // AudioPolicyService destructor calls AudioCommandThread::exit() which
-                // acquires mLock.
-                mLock.unlock();
+                // acquires ul.
+                ul.unlock();
                 svc.clear();
-                mLock.lock();
+                ul.lock();
             } else {
                 waitTime = mAudioCommands[0]->mTime - curTime;
                 break;
@@ -2306,9 +2171,10 @@
         if (!exitPending()) {
             ALOGV("AudioCommandThread() going to sleep");
             if (waitTime == -1) {
-                mWaitWorkCV.wait(mLock);
+                mWaitWorkCV.wait(ul);
             } else {
-                mWaitWorkCV.waitRelative(mLock, waitTime);
+                // discard return value.
+                mWaitWorkCV.wait_for(ul, std::chrono::nanoseconds(waitTime));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -2316,17 +2182,17 @@
     if (!mAudioCommands.isEmpty()) {
         release_wake_lock(mName.c_str());
     }
-    mLock.unlock();
     return false;
 }
 
 status_t AudioPolicyService::AudioCommandThread::dump(int fd)
+NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS  // trylock
 {
     const size_t SIZE = 256;
     char buffer[SIZE];
     String8 result;
 
-    const bool locked = dumpTryLock(mLock);
+    const bool locked = mMutex.try_lock(kDumpLockTimeoutNs);
     if (!locked) {
         String8 result2(kCmdDeadlockedString);
         write(fd, result2.c_str(), result2.size());
@@ -2349,7 +2215,7 @@
 
     write(fd, result.c_str(), result.size());
 
-    dumpReleaseLock(mLock, locked);
+    dumpReleaseLock(mMutex, locked);
 
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
@@ -2607,14 +2473,15 @@
 status_t AudioPolicyService::AudioCommandThread::sendCommand(sp<AudioCommand>& command, int delayMs)
 {
     {
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
         insertCommand_l(command, delayMs);
-        mWaitWorkCV.signal();
+        mWaitWorkCV.notify_one();
     }
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(command->mLock);
+    audio_utils::unique_lock ul(command->mMutex);
     while (command->mWaitStatus) {
         nsecs_t timeOutNs = kAudioCommandTimeoutNs + milliseconds(delayMs);
-        if (command->mCond.waitRelative(command->mLock, timeOutNs) != NO_ERROR) {
+        if (command->mCond.wait_for(
+                ul, std::chrono::nanoseconds(timeOutNs), getTid()) == std::cv_status::timeout) {
             command->mStatus = TIMED_OUT;
             command->mWaitStatus = false;
         }
@@ -2622,7 +2489,7 @@
     return command->mStatus;
 }
 
-// insertCommand_l() must be called with mLock held
+// insertCommand_l() must be called with mMutex held
 void AudioPolicyService::AudioCommandThread::insertCommand_l(sp<AudioCommand>& command, int delayMs)
 {
     ssize_t i;  // not size_t because i will count down to -1
@@ -2810,9 +2677,9 @@
 {
     ALOGV("AudioCommandThread::exit");
     {
-        AutoMutex _l(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard _l(mMutex);
         requestExit();
-        mWaitWorkCV.signal();
+        mWaitWorkCV.notify_one();
     }
     // Note that we can call it from the thread loop if all other references have been released
     // but it will safely return WOULD_BLOCK in this case
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyService.h b/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyService.h
index 8d5628f..9a8a056 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyService.h
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioPolicyService.h
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
  *
@@ -21,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <android/media/BnAudioPolicyService.h>
 #include <android/media/GetSpatializerResponse.h>
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include <audio_utils/mutex.h>
 #include <cutils/misc.h>
 #include <cutils/config_utils.h>
 #include <cutils/compiler.h>
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 #include <utils/Vector.h>
 #include <utils/SortedVector.h>
 #include <binder/ActivityManager.h>
-#include <binder/AppOpsManager.h>
 #include <binder/BinderService.h>
 #include <binder/IUidObserver.h>
 #include <system/audio.h>
@@ -64,6 +63,12 @@
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+namespace media::audiopolicy {
+    class AudioRecordClient;
+}
+
+using ::android::media::audiopolicy::AudioRecordClient;
+
 class AudioPolicyService :
     public BinderService<AudioPolicyService>,
     public media::BnAudioPolicyService,
@@ -194,6 +199,8 @@
     binder::Status getPhoneState(AudioMode* _aidl_return) override;
     binder::Status registerPolicyMixes(const std::vector<media::AudioMix>& mixes,
                                        bool registration) override;
+    binder::Status updatePolicyMixes(
+        const ::std::vector<::android::media::AudioMixUpdate>& updates) override;
     binder::Status setUidDeviceAffinities(int32_t uid,
                                           const std::vector<AudioDevice>& devices) override;
     binder::Status removeUidDeviceAffinities(int32_t uid) override;
@@ -381,10 +388,10 @@
      * by audio policy manager and attach/detach the spatializer effect accordingly.
      */
     void onCheckSpatializer() override;
-    void onCheckSpatializer_l() REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void onCheckSpatializer_l() REQUIRES(mMutex);
     void doOnCheckSpatializer();
 
-    void onUpdateActiveSpatializerTracks_l() REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void onUpdateActiveSpatializerTracks_l() REQUIRES(mMutex);
     void doOnUpdateActiveSpatializerTracks();
 
 
@@ -396,15 +403,14 @@
                         AudioPolicyService() ANDROID_API;
     virtual             ~AudioPolicyService();
 
-            status_t dumpInternals(int fd) REQUIRES(mLock);
+    status_t dumpInternals(int fd) REQUIRES(mMutex);
 
     // Handles binder shell commands
     virtual status_t shellCommand(int in, int out, int err, Vector<String16>& args);
 
-    class AudioRecordClient;
 
     // Sets whether the given UID records only silence
-    virtual void setAppState_l(sp<AudioRecordClient> client, app_state_t state) REQUIRES(mLock);
+    virtual void setAppState_l(sp<AudioRecordClient> client, app_state_t state) REQUIRES(mMutex);
 
     // Overrides the UID state as if it is idle
     status_t handleSetUidState(Vector<String16>& args, int err);
@@ -430,9 +436,9 @@
                            const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource);
 
     void updateUidStates();
-    void updateUidStates_l() REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void updateUidStates_l() REQUIRES(mMutex);
 
-    void silenceAllRecordings_l() REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void silenceAllRecordings_l() REQUIRES(mMutex);
 
     static bool isVirtualSource(audio_source_t source);
 
@@ -505,11 +511,11 @@
         void checkRegistered();
 
         wp<AudioPolicyService> mService;
-        Mutex mLock;
+        audio_utils::mutex mMutex{audio_utils::MutexOrder::kUidPolicy_Mutex};
         ActivityManager mAm;
         bool mObserverRegistered = false;
-        std::unordered_map<uid_t, std::pair<bool, int>> mOverrideUids GUARDED_BY(mLock);
-        std::unordered_map<uid_t, std::pair<bool, int>> mCachedUids GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+        std::unordered_map<uid_t, std::pair<bool, int>> mOverrideUids GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+        std::unordered_map<uid_t, std::pair<bool, int>> mCachedUids GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
         std::vector<uid_t> mAssistantUids;
         std::vector<uid_t> mActiveAssistantUids;
         std::vector<uid_t> mA11yUids;
@@ -542,6 +548,7 @@
     // Thread used to send audio config commands to audio flinger
     // For audio config commands, it is necessary because audio flinger requires that the calling
     // process (user) has permission to modify audio settings.
+    public:
     class AudioCommandThread : public Thread {
         class AudioCommand;
     public:
@@ -635,8 +642,8 @@
 
             int mCommand;   // SET_VOLUME, SET_PARAMETERS...
             nsecs_t mTime;  // time stamp
-            Mutex mLock;    // mutex associated to mCond
-            Condition mCond; // condition for status return
+            audio_utils::mutex mMutex{audio_utils::MutexOrder::kAudioCommand_Mutex};
+            audio_utils::condition_variable mCond; // condition for status return
             status_t mStatus; // command status
             bool mWaitStatus; // true if caller is waiting for status
             sp<AudioCommandData> mParam;     // command specific parameter data
@@ -724,14 +731,15 @@
             bool mSuspended;
         };
 
-        Mutex   mLock;
-        Condition mWaitWorkCV;
+        mutable audio_utils::mutex mMutex{audio_utils::MutexOrder::kCommandThread_Mutex};
+        audio_utils::condition_variable mWaitWorkCV;
         Vector < sp<AudioCommand> > mAudioCommands; // list of pending commands
         sp<AudioCommand> mLastCommand;      // last processed command (used by dump)
         String8 mName;                      // string used by wake lock fo delayed commands
         wp<AudioPolicyService> mService;
     };
 
+    private:
     class AudioPolicyClient : public AudioPolicyClientInterface
     {
      public:
@@ -909,6 +917,7 @@
               bool                                 mAudioVolumeGroupCallbacksEnabled;
     };
 
+    public:
     class AudioClient : public virtual RefBase {
     public:
                 AudioClient(const audio_attributes_t attributes,
@@ -930,82 +939,8 @@
         const audio_port_handle_t deviceId;  // selected input device port ID
               bool active;                   // Playback/Capture is active or inactive
     };
-
-    // Checks and monitors app ops for AudioRecordClient
-    class OpRecordAudioMonitor : public RefBase {
-    public:
-        ~OpRecordAudioMonitor() override;
-        bool hasOp() const;
-        int32_t getOp() const { return mAppOp; }
-
-        static sp<OpRecordAudioMonitor> createIfNeeded(
-                const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource,
-                const audio_attributes_t& attr, wp<AudioCommandThread> commandThread);
-
     private:
-        OpRecordAudioMonitor(const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource, int32_t appOp,
-                wp<AudioCommandThread> commandThread);
 
-        void onFirstRef() override;
-
-        AppOpsManager mAppOpsManager;
-
-        class RecordAudioOpCallback : public BnAppOpsCallback {
-        public:
-            explicit RecordAudioOpCallback(const wp<OpRecordAudioMonitor>& monitor);
-            void opChanged(int32_t op, const String16& packageName) override;
-
-        private:
-            const wp<OpRecordAudioMonitor> mMonitor;
-        };
-
-        sp<RecordAudioOpCallback> mOpCallback;
-        // called by RecordAudioOpCallback when the app op for this OpRecordAudioMonitor is updated
-        // in AppOp callback and in onFirstRef()
-        // updateUidStates is true when the silenced state of active AudioRecordClients must be
-        // re-evaluated
-        void checkOp(bool updateUidStates = false);
-
-        std::atomic_bool mHasOp;
-        const AttributionSourceState mAttributionSource;
-        const int32_t mAppOp;
-        wp<AudioCommandThread> mCommandThread;
-    };
-
-    // --- AudioRecordClient ---
-    // Information about each registered AudioRecord client
-    // (between calls to getInputForAttr() and releaseInput())
-    class AudioRecordClient : public AudioClient {
-    public:
-                AudioRecordClient(const audio_attributes_t attributes,
-                          const audio_io_handle_t io,
-                          const audio_session_t session, audio_port_handle_t portId,
-                          const audio_port_handle_t deviceId,
-                          const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource,
-                          bool canCaptureOutput, bool canCaptureHotword,
-                          wp<AudioCommandThread> commandThread) :
-                    AudioClient(attributes, io, attributionSource,
-                        session, portId, deviceId), attributionSource(attributionSource),
-                        startTimeNs(0), canCaptureOutput(canCaptureOutput),
-                        canCaptureHotword(canCaptureHotword), silenced(false),
-                        mOpRecordAudioMonitor(
-                                OpRecordAudioMonitor::createIfNeeded(attributionSource,
-                                attributes, commandThread)) {}
-                ~AudioRecordClient() override = default;
-
-        bool hasOp() const {
-            return mOpRecordAudioMonitor ? mOpRecordAudioMonitor->hasOp() : true;
-        }
-
-        const AttributionSourceState attributionSource; // attribution source of client
-        nsecs_t startTimeNs;
-        const bool canCaptureOutput;
-        const bool canCaptureHotword;
-        bool silenced;
-
-    private:
-        sp<OpRecordAudioMonitor>           mOpRecordAudioMonitor;
-    };
 
 
     // --- AudioPlaybackClient ---
@@ -1062,12 +997,12 @@
      * @return the number of active tracks.
      */
     size_t countActiveClientsOnOutput_l(
-        audio_io_handle_t output, bool spatializedOnly = true) REQUIRES(mLock);
+            audio_io_handle_t output, bool spatializedOnly = true) REQUIRES(mMutex);
 
-    mutable Mutex mLock;    // prevents concurrent access to AudioPolicy manager functions changing
-                            // device connection state  or routing
-    // Note: lock acquisition order is always mLock > mEffectsLock:
-    // mLock protects AudioPolicyManager methods that can call into audio flinger
+    mutable audio_utils::mutex mMutex{audio_utils::MutexOrder::kAudioPolicyService_Mutex};
+    // prevents concurrent access to AudioPolicy manager functions changing
+    // device connection state or routing.
+    // mMutex protects AudioPolicyManager methods that can call into audio flinger
     // and possibly back in to audio policy service and acquire mEffectsLock.
     sp<AudioCommandThread> mAudioCommandThread;     // audio commands thread
     sp<AudioCommandThread> mOutputCommandThread;    // process stop and release output
@@ -1075,29 +1010,30 @@
     AudioPolicyClient *mAudioPolicyClient;
     std::vector<audio_usage_t> mSupportedSystemUsages;
 
-    Mutex mNotificationClientsLock;
+    mutable audio_utils::mutex mNotificationClientsMutex{
+            audio_utils::MutexOrder::kAudioPolicyService_NotificationClientsMutex};
     DefaultKeyedVector<int64_t, sp<NotificationClient>> mNotificationClients
-        GUARDED_BY(mNotificationClientsLock);
+            GUARDED_BY(mNotificationClientsMutex);
     // Manage all effects configured in audio_effects.conf
-    // never hold AudioPolicyService::mLock when calling AudioPolicyEffects methods as
+    // never hold AudioPolicyService::mMutex when calling AudioPolicyEffects methods as
     // those can call back into AudioPolicyService methods and try to acquire the mutex
-    sp<AudioPolicyEffects> mAudioPolicyEffects GUARDED_BY(mLock);
-    audio_mode_t mPhoneState GUARDED_BY(mLock);
-    uid_t mPhoneStateOwnerUid GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    sp<AudioPolicyEffects> mAudioPolicyEffects GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+    audio_mode_t mPhoneState GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+    uid_t mPhoneStateOwnerUid GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
 
-    sp<UidPolicy> mUidPolicy GUARDED_BY(mLock);
-    sp<SensorPrivacyPolicy> mSensorPrivacyPolicy GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    sp<UidPolicy> mUidPolicy GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+    sp<SensorPrivacyPolicy> mSensorPrivacyPolicy GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
 
     DefaultKeyedVector<audio_port_handle_t, sp<AudioRecordClient>> mAudioRecordClients
-        GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+            GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
     DefaultKeyedVector<audio_port_handle_t, sp<AudioPlaybackClient>> mAudioPlaybackClients
-        GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+            GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
 
     MediaPackageManager mPackageManager; // To check allowPlaybackCapture
 
     CaptureStateNotifier mCaptureStateNotifier;
 
-    // created in onFirstRef() and never cleared: does not need to be guarded by mLock
+    // created in onFirstRef() and never cleared: does not need to be guarded by mMutex
     sp<Spatializer> mSpatializer;
 
     void *mLibraryHandle = nullptr;
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioRecordClient.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioRecordClient.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a89a84d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioRecordClient.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android/content/pm/IPackageManagerNative.h>
+
+#include "AudioRecordClient.h"
+#include "AudioPolicyService.h"
+
+namespace android::media::audiopolicy {
+
+using android::AudioPolicyService;
+
+namespace {
+bool isAppOpSource(audio_source_t source)
+{
+    switch (source) {
+        case AUDIO_SOURCE_FM_TUNER:
+        case AUDIO_SOURCE_ECHO_REFERENCE:
+        case AUDIO_SOURCE_REMOTE_SUBMIX:
+            return false;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+int getTargetSdkForPackageName(std::string_view packageName) {
+    const auto binder = defaultServiceManager()->checkService(String16{"package_native"});
+    int targetSdk = -1;
+    if (binder != nullptr) {
+        const auto pm = interface_cast<content::pm::IPackageManagerNative>(binder);
+        if (pm != nullptr) {
+            const auto status = pm->getTargetSdkVersionForPackage(
+                    String16{packageName.data(), packageName.size()}, &targetSdk);
+            return status.isOk() ? targetSdk : -1;
+        }
+    }
+    return targetSdk;
+}
+
+bool doesPackageTargetAtLeastU(std::string_view packageName) {
+    return getTargetSdkForPackageName(packageName) >= __ANDROID_API_U__;
+}
+}
+
+// static
+sp<OpRecordAudioMonitor>
+OpRecordAudioMonitor::createIfNeeded(
+            const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource, const audio_attributes_t& attr,
+            wp<AudioPolicyService::AudioCommandThread> commandThread)
+{
+    if (isAudioServerOrRootUid(attributionSource.uid)) {
+        ALOGV("not silencing record for audio or root source %s",
+                attributionSource.toString().c_str());
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (!isAppOpSource(attr.source)) {
+        ALOGD("not monitoring app op for uid %d and source %d",
+                attributionSource.uid, attr.source);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (!attributionSource.packageName.has_value()
+            || attributionSource.packageName.value().size() == 0) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return new OpRecordAudioMonitor(attributionSource, getOpForSource(attr.source), commandThread);
+}
+
+OpRecordAudioMonitor::OpRecordAudioMonitor(
+        const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource, int32_t appOp,
+        wp<AudioPolicyService::AudioCommandThread> commandThread) :
+            mHasOp(true), mAttributionSource(attributionSource), mAppOp(appOp),
+            mCommandThread(commandThread)
+{
+}
+
+OpRecordAudioMonitor::~OpRecordAudioMonitor()
+{
+    if (mOpCallback != 0) {
+        mAppOpsManager.stopWatchingMode(mOpCallback);
+    }
+    mOpCallback.clear();
+}
+
+void OpRecordAudioMonitor::onFirstRef()
+{
+    checkOp();
+    mOpCallback = new RecordAudioOpCallback(this);
+    ALOGV("start watching op %d for %s", mAppOp, mAttributionSource.toString().c_str());
+
+    int flags = doesPackageTargetAtLeastU(
+            mAttributionSource.packageName.value_or("")) ?
+            AppOpsManager::WATCH_FOREGROUND_CHANGES : 0;
+    // TODO: We need to always watch AppOpsManager::OP_RECORD_AUDIO too
+    // since it controls the mic permission for legacy apps.
+    mAppOpsManager.startWatchingMode(mAppOp, VALUE_OR_FATAL(aidl2legacy_string_view_String16(
+        mAttributionSource.packageName.value_or(""))),
+        flags,
+        mOpCallback);
+}
+
+bool OpRecordAudioMonitor::hasOp() const {
+    return mHasOp.load();
+}
+
+// Called by RecordAudioOpCallback when the app op corresponding to this OpRecordAudioMonitor
+// is updated in AppOp callback and in onFirstRef()
+// Note this method is never called (and never to be) for audio server / root track
+// due to the UID in createIfNeeded(). As a result for those record track, it's:
+// - not called from constructor,
+// - not called from RecordAudioOpCallback because the callback is not installed in this case
+void OpRecordAudioMonitor::checkOp(bool updateUidStates)
+{
+    // TODO: We need to always check AppOpsManager::OP_RECORD_AUDIO too
+    // since it controls the mic permission for legacy apps.
+    const int32_t mode = mAppOpsManager.checkOp(mAppOp,
+            mAttributionSource.uid, VALUE_OR_FATAL(aidl2legacy_string_view_String16(
+                mAttributionSource.packageName.value_or(""))));
+    const bool hasIt = (mode == AppOpsManager::MODE_ALLOWED);
+    // verbose logging only log when appOp changed
+    ALOGI_IF(hasIt != mHasOp.load(),
+            "App op %d missing, %ssilencing record %s",
+            mAppOp, hasIt ? "un" : "", mAttributionSource.toString().c_str());
+    mHasOp.store(hasIt);
+
+    if (updateUidStates) {
+          sp<AudioPolicyService::AudioCommandThread> commandThread = mCommandThread.promote();
+          if (commandThread != nullptr) {
+              commandThread->updateUidStatesCommand();
+          }
+    }
+}
+
+OpRecordAudioMonitor::RecordAudioOpCallback::RecordAudioOpCallback(
+        const wp<OpRecordAudioMonitor>& monitor) : mMonitor(monitor)
+{ }
+
+void OpRecordAudioMonitor::RecordAudioOpCallback::opChanged(int32_t op,
+            const String16& packageName __unused) {
+    sp<OpRecordAudioMonitor> monitor = mMonitor.promote();
+    if (monitor != NULL) {
+        if (op != monitor->getOp()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        monitor->checkOp(true);
+    }
+}
+
+} // android::media::audiopolicy::internal
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioRecordClient.h b/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioRecordClient.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3be316
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/service/AudioRecordClient.h
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <android/content/AttributionSourceState.h>
+#include <binder/AppOpsManager.h>
+#include <system/audio.h>
+#include <utils/RefBase.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "AudioPolicyService.h"
+
+namespace android::media::audiopolicy {
+
+using ::android::content::AttributionSourceState;
+
+// Checks and monitors app ops for AudioRecordClient
+class OpRecordAudioMonitor : public RefBase {
+public:
+    ~OpRecordAudioMonitor() override;
+    bool hasOp() const;
+    int32_t getOp() const { return mAppOp; }
+
+    static sp<OpRecordAudioMonitor> createIfNeeded(
+            const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource,
+            const audio_attributes_t& attr,
+            wp<AudioPolicyService::AudioCommandThread> commandThread);
+
+private:
+    OpRecordAudioMonitor(const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource, int32_t appOp,
+            wp<AudioPolicyService::AudioCommandThread> commandThread);
+
+    void onFirstRef() override;
+
+    AppOpsManager mAppOpsManager;
+
+    class RecordAudioOpCallback : public BnAppOpsCallback {
+    public:
+        explicit RecordAudioOpCallback(const wp<OpRecordAudioMonitor>& monitor);
+        void opChanged(int32_t op, const String16& packageName) override;
+
+    private:
+        const wp<OpRecordAudioMonitor> mMonitor;
+    };
+
+    sp<RecordAudioOpCallback> mOpCallback;
+    // called by RecordAudioOpCallback when the app op for this OpRecordAudioMonitor is updated
+    // in AppOp callback and in onFirstRef()
+    // updateUidStates is true when the silenced state of active AudioRecordClients must be
+    // re-evaluated
+    void checkOp(bool updateUidStates = false);
+
+    std::atomic_bool mHasOp;
+    const AttributionSourceState mAttributionSource;
+    const int32_t mAppOp;
+    wp<AudioPolicyService::AudioCommandThread> mCommandThread;
+};
+
+// --- AudioRecordClient ---
+// Information about each registered AudioRecord client
+// (between calls to getInputForAttr() and releaseInput())
+class AudioRecordClient : public AudioPolicyService::AudioClient {
+public:
+            AudioRecordClient(const audio_attributes_t attributes,
+                      const audio_io_handle_t io,
+                      const audio_session_t session, audio_port_handle_t portId,
+                      const audio_port_handle_t deviceId,
+                      const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource,
+                      bool canCaptureOutput, bool canCaptureHotword,
+                      wp<AudioPolicyService::AudioCommandThread> commandThread) :
+                AudioClient(attributes, io, attributionSource,
+                    session, portId, deviceId), attributionSource(attributionSource),
+                    startTimeNs(0), canCaptureOutput(canCaptureOutput),
+                    canCaptureHotword(canCaptureHotword), silenced(false),
+                    mOpRecordAudioMonitor(
+                            OpRecordAudioMonitor::createIfNeeded(attributionSource,
+                            attributes, commandThread)) {}
+            ~AudioRecordClient() override = default;
+
+    bool hasOp() const {
+        return mOpRecordAudioMonitor ? mOpRecordAudioMonitor->hasOp() : true;
+    }
+
+    const AttributionSourceState attributionSource; // attribution source of client
+    nsecs_t startTimeNs;
+    const bool canCaptureOutput;
+    const bool canCaptureHotword;
+    bool silenced;
+
+private:
+    sp<OpRecordAudioMonitor>           mOpRecordAudioMonitor;
+};
+
+}; // namespace android::media::audiopolicy::internal
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/service/Spatializer.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/service/Spatializer.cpp
index 7859c2c..ca3e0e0 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/service/Spatializer.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/service/Spatializer.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,9 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include <android/content/AttributionSourceState.h>
+#include <android/sysprop/BluetoothProperties.sysprop.h>
 #include <audio_utils/fixedfft.h>
+#include <com_android_media_audio.h>
 #include <cutils/bitops.h>
 #include <hardware/sensors.h>
 #include <media/stagefright/foundation/AHandler.h>
@@ -213,6 +215,38 @@
     Spatializer::EngineCallbackHandler::kRotation2Key,
 };
 
+// Mapping table between strings read form property bluetooth.core.le.dsa_transport_preference
+// and low latency modes emums.
+//TODO b/273373363: use AIDL enum when available
+const std::map<std::string, audio_latency_mode_t> Spatializer::sStringToLatencyModeMap = {
+    {"le-acl", AUDIO_LATENCY_MODE_LOW},
+    {"iso-sw", AUDIO_LATENCY_MODE_DYNAMIC_SPATIAL_AUDIO_SOFTWARE},
+    {"iso-hw", AUDIO_LATENCY_MODE_DYNAMIC_SPATIAL_AUDIO_HARDWARE},
+};
+
+void Spatializer::loadOrderedLowLatencyModes() {
+    if (!com::android::media::audio::dsa_over_bt_le_audio()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    auto latencyModesStrs = android::sysprop::BluetoothProperties::dsa_transport_preference();
+    audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
+    // First load preferred low latency modes ordered from the property
+    for (auto str : latencyModesStrs) {
+        if (!str.has_value()) continue;
+        if (auto it = sStringToLatencyModeMap.find(str.value());
+                it != sStringToLatencyModeMap.end()) {
+            mOrderedLowLatencyModes.push_back(it->second);
+        }
+    }
+    // Then add unlisted latency modes at the end of the ordered list
+    for (auto it : sStringToLatencyModeMap) {
+        if (std::find(mOrderedLowLatencyModes.begin(), mOrderedLowLatencyModes.end(), it.second)
+                == mOrderedLowLatencyModes.end()) {
+             mOrderedLowLatencyModes.push_back(it.second);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 sp<Spatializer> Spatializer::create(SpatializerPolicyCallback* callback,
                                     const sp<EffectsFactoryHalInterface>& effectsFactoryHal) {
@@ -244,6 +278,7 @@
             spatializer.clear();
             ALOGW("%s loadEngine error: %d  effect %p", __func__, status, effect.get());
         } else {
+            spatializer->loadOrderedLowLatencyModes();
             spatializer->mLocalLog.log("%s with effect Id %p", __func__, effect.get());
         }
     }
@@ -359,7 +394,11 @@
         return status;
     }
     for (const auto channelMask : channelMasks) {
-        if (!audio_is_channel_mask_spatialized(channelMask)) {
+        const bool channel_mask_spatialized =
+                com_android_media_audio_stereo_spatialization()
+                ? audio_channel_mask_contains_stereo(channelMask)
+                : audio_is_channel_mask_spatialized(channelMask);
+        if (!channel_mask_spatialized) {
             ALOGW("%s: ignoring channelMask:%#x", __func__, channelMask);
             continue;
         }
@@ -371,6 +410,30 @@
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
+    //TODO b/273373363: use AIDL enum when available
+    if (com::android::media::audio::dsa_over_bt_le_audio()
+            && mSupportsHeadTracking) {
+        mHeadtrackingConnectionMode = HEADTRACKING_CONNECTION_FRAMEWORK_PROCESSED;
+        std::vector<uint8_t> headtrackingConnectionModes;
+        status = getHalParameter<true>(effect, SPATIALIZER_PARAM_SUPPORTED_HEADTRACKING_CONNECTION,
+                &headtrackingConnectionModes);
+        if (status == NO_ERROR) {
+            for (const auto htConnectionMode : headtrackingConnectionModes) {
+                if (htConnectionMode < HEADTRACKING_CONNECTION_FRAMEWORK_PROCESSED ||
+                        htConnectionMode > HEADTRACKING_CONNECTION_DIRECT_TO_SENSOR_TUNNEL) {
+                    ALOGW("%s: ignoring HT connection mode:%d", __func__, (int)htConnectionMode);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                mSupportedHeadtrackingConnectionModes.insert(
+                        static_cast<headtracking_connection_t> (htConnectionMode));
+            }
+            ALOGW_IF(mSupportedHeadtrackingConnectionModes.find(
+                    HEADTRACKING_CONNECTION_FRAMEWORK_PROCESSED)
+                        == mSupportedHeadtrackingConnectionModes.end(),
+                    "%s: HEADTRACKING_CONNECTION_FRAMEWORK_PROCESSED not reported", __func__);
+        }
+    }
+
     // Currently we expose only RELATIVE_WORLD.
     // This is a limitation of the head tracking library based on a UX choice.
     mHeadTrackingModes.push_back(HeadTracking::Mode::DISABLED);
@@ -402,7 +465,7 @@
 
 /** Gets the channel mask, sampling rate and format set for the spatializer input. */
 audio_config_base_t Spatializer::getAudioInConfig() const {
-    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     audio_config_base_t config = AUDIO_CONFIG_BASE_INITIALIZER;
     // For now use highest supported channel count
     config.channel_mask = getMaxChannelMask(mChannelMasks, FCC_LIMIT);
@@ -411,7 +474,7 @@
 
 status_t Spatializer::registerCallback(
         const sp<media::INativeSpatializerCallback>& callback) {
-    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     if (callback == nullptr) {
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
@@ -439,7 +502,7 @@
 // IBinder::DeathRecipient
 void Spatializer::binderDied(__unused const wp<IBinder> &who) {
     {
-        std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
         mLevel = Spatialization::Level::NONE;
         mSpatializerCallback.clear();
     }
@@ -468,7 +531,7 @@
     sp<media::INativeSpatializerCallback> callback;
     bool levelChanged = false;
     {
-        std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
         levelChanged = mLevel != level;
         mLevel = level;
         callback = mSpatializerCallback;
@@ -492,7 +555,7 @@
     if (level == nullptr) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(BAD_VALUE);
     }
-    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     *level = mLevel;
     ALOGV("%s level %d", __func__, (int)*level);
     return Status::ok();
@@ -503,14 +566,14 @@
     if (supports == nullptr) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(BAD_VALUE);
     }
-    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     *supports = mSupportsHeadTracking;
     return Status::ok();
 }
 
 Status Spatializer::getSupportedHeadTrackingModes(
         std::vector<HeadTracking::Mode>* modes) {
-    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     ALOGV("%s", __func__);
     if (modes == nullptr) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(BAD_VALUE);
@@ -526,7 +589,7 @@
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(INVALID_OPERATION);
     }
     mLocalLog.log("%s with %s", __func__, ToString(mode).c_str());
-    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     switch (mode) {
         case HeadTracking::Mode::OTHER:
             return binderStatusFromStatusT(BAD_VALUE);
@@ -551,7 +614,7 @@
     if (mode == nullptr) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(BAD_VALUE);
     }
-    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     *mode = mActualHeadTrackingMode;
     ALOGV("%s mode %d", __func__, (int)*mode);
     return Status::ok();
@@ -561,7 +624,7 @@
     if (!mSupportsHeadTracking) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(INVALID_OPERATION);
     }
-    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     if (mPoseController != nullptr) {
         mPoseController->recenter();
     }
@@ -578,7 +641,7 @@
         ALOGW("Invalid screenToStage vector.");
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(BAD_VALUE);
     }
-    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     if (mPoseController != nullptr) {
         mLocalLog.log("%s with screenToStage %s", __func__,
                 media::VectorRecorder::toString<float>(screenToStage).c_str());
@@ -591,7 +654,7 @@
     ALOGV("%s", __func__);
     bool levelChanged = false;
     {
-        std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
         if (mSpatializerCallback == nullptr) {
             return binderStatusFromStatusT(INVALID_OPERATION);
         }
@@ -615,7 +678,7 @@
     if (!mSupportsHeadTracking) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(INVALID_OPERATION);
     }
-    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     if (mHeadSensor != sensorHandle) {
         mLocalLog.log("%s with 0x%08x", __func__, sensorHandle);
         mHeadSensor = sensorHandle;
@@ -630,7 +693,7 @@
     if (!mSupportsHeadTracking) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(INVALID_OPERATION);
     }
-    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     if (mScreenSensor != sensorHandle) {
         mLocalLog.log("%s with 0x%08x", __func__, sensorHandle);
         mScreenSensor = sensorHandle;
@@ -649,7 +712,7 @@
     // It is possible due to numerical inaccuracies to exceed the boundaries of 0 to 2 * M_PI.
     ALOGI_IF(angle != physicalToLogicalAngle,
             "%s: clamping %f to %f", __func__, physicalToLogicalAngle, angle);
-    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     mDisplayOrientation = angle;
     if (mPoseController != nullptr) {
         // This turns on the rate-limiter.
@@ -669,7 +732,7 @@
     // It is possible due to numerical inaccuracies to exceed the boundaries of 0 to 2 * M_PI.
     ALOGI_IF(angle != hingeAngle,
             "%s: clamping %f to %f", __func__, hingeAngle, angle);
-    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     mHingeAngle = angle;
     if (mEngine != nullptr) {
         setEffectParameter_l(SPATIALIZER_PARAM_HINGE_ANGLE, std::vector<float>{angle});
@@ -680,7 +743,7 @@
 Status Spatializer::setFoldState(bool folded) {
     ALOGV("%s foldState %d", __func__, (int)folded);
     mLocalLog.log("%s with %d", __func__, (int)folded);
-    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     mFoldedState = folded;
     if (mEngine != nullptr) {
         // we don't suppress multiple calls with the same folded state - that's
@@ -702,7 +765,7 @@
 Status Spatializer::registerHeadTrackingCallback(
         const sp<media::ISpatializerHeadTrackingCallback>& callback) {
     ALOGV("%s callback %p", __func__, callback.get());
-    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     if (!mSupportsHeadTracking) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(INVALID_OPERATION);
     }
@@ -712,7 +775,7 @@
 
 Status Spatializer::setParameter(int key, const std::vector<unsigned char>& value) {
     ALOGV("%s key %d", __func__, key);
-    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     status_t status = INVALID_OPERATION;
     if (mEngine != nullptr) {
         status = setEffectParameter_l(key, value);
@@ -726,7 +789,7 @@
     if (value == nullptr) {
         return binderStatusFromStatusT(BAD_VALUE);
     }
-    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     status_t status = INVALID_OPERATION;
     if (mEngine != nullptr) {
         ALOGV("%s key %d mEngine %p", __func__, key, mEngine.get());
@@ -740,7 +803,7 @@
     if (output == nullptr) {
         binderStatusFromStatusT(BAD_VALUE);
     }
-    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     *output = VALUE_OR_RETURN_BINDER_STATUS(legacy2aidl_audio_io_handle_t_int32_t(mOutput));
     ALOGV("%s got output %d", __func__, *output);
     return Status::ok();
@@ -778,7 +841,7 @@
     ALOGV("%s", __func__);
     sp<media::ISpatializerHeadTrackingCallback> callback;
     {
-        std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
         callback = mHeadTrackingCallback;
         if (mEngine != nullptr) {
             setEffectParameter_l(SPATIALIZER_PARAM_HEAD_TO_STAGE, headToStage);
@@ -806,7 +869,7 @@
     sp<media::ISpatializerHeadTrackingCallback> callback;
     HeadTracking::Mode spatializerMode;
     {
-        std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
         if (!mSupportsHeadTracking) {
             spatializerMode = HeadTracking::Mode::DISABLED;
         } else {
@@ -831,6 +894,7 @@
             } else {
                 setEffectParameter_l(SPATIALIZER_PARAM_HEADTRACKING_MODE,
                                      std::vector<HeadTracking::Mode>{spatializerMode});
+                setEngineHeadtrackingConnectionMode_l();
             }
         }
         callback = mHeadTrackingCallback;
@@ -841,12 +905,38 @@
     }
 }
 
+void Spatializer::setEngineHeadtrackingConnectionMode_l() {
+    if (!com::android::media::audio::dsa_over_bt_le_audio()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (mActualHeadTrackingMode != HeadTracking::Mode::DISABLED
+            && !mSupportedHeadtrackingConnectionModes.empty()) {
+        setEffectParameter_l(SPATIALIZER_PARAM_HEADTRACKING_CONNECTION,
+                static_cast<uint8_t>(mHeadtrackingConnectionMode),
+                static_cast<uint32_t>(mHeadSensor));
+    }
+}
+
+void Spatializer::sortSupportedLatencyModes_l() {
+    if (!com::android::media::audio::dsa_over_bt_le_audio()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    std::sort(mSupportedLatencyModes.begin(), mSupportedLatencyModes.end(),
+            [this](audio_latency_mode_t x, audio_latency_mode_t y) {
+                auto itX = std::find(mOrderedLowLatencyModes.begin(),
+                    mOrderedLowLatencyModes.end(), x);
+                auto itY = std::find(mOrderedLowLatencyModes.begin(),
+                    mOrderedLowLatencyModes.end(), y);
+                return itX < itY;
+            });
+}
+
 status_t Spatializer::attachOutput(audio_io_handle_t output, size_t numActiveTracks) {
     bool outputChanged = false;
     sp<media::INativeSpatializerCallback> callback;
 
     {
-        std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
         ALOGV("%s output %d mOutput %d", __func__, (int)output, (int)mOutput);
         mLocalLog.log("%s with output %d tracks %zu (mOutput %d)", __func__, (int)output,
                       numActiveTracks, (int)mOutput);
@@ -881,6 +971,7 @@
         status = AudioSystem::getSupportedLatencyModes(mOutput, &latencyModes);
         if (status == OK) {
             mSupportedLatencyModes = latencyModes;
+            sortSupportedLatencyModes_l();
         }
 
         checkEngineState_l();
@@ -911,7 +1002,7 @@
     sp<media::INativeSpatializerCallback> callback;
 
     {
-        std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
         mLocalLog.log("%s with output %d tracks %zu", __func__, (int)mOutput, mNumActiveTracks);
         ALOGV("%s mOutput %d", __func__, (int)mOutput);
         if (mOutput == AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE) {
@@ -945,17 +1036,18 @@
 
 void Spatializer::onSupportedLatencyModesChangedMsg(
         audio_io_handle_t output, std::vector<audio_latency_mode_t>&& modes) {
-    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     ALOGV("%s output %d mOutput %d num modes %zu",
             __func__, (int)output, (int)mOutput, modes.size());
     if (output == mOutput) {
         mSupportedLatencyModes = std::move(modes);
+        sortSupportedLatencyModes_l();
         checkSensorsState_l();
     }
 }
 
 void Spatializer::updateActiveTracks(size_t numActiveTracks) {
-    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     if (mNumActiveTracks != numActiveTracks) {
         mLocalLog.log("%s from %zu to %zu", __func__, mNumActiveTracks, numActiveTracks);
         mNumActiveTracks = numActiveTracks;
@@ -964,26 +1056,75 @@
     }
 }
 
+//TODO b/273373363: use AIDL enum when available
+audio_latency_mode_t Spatializer::selectHeadtrackingConnectionMode_l() {
+    if (!com::android::media::audio::dsa_over_bt_le_audio()) {
+        return AUDIO_LATENCY_MODE_LOW;
+    }
+    // mSupportedLatencyModes is ordered according to system preferences loaded in
+    // mOrderedLowLatencyModes
+    mHeadtrackingConnectionMode = HEADTRACKING_CONNECTION_FRAMEWORK_PROCESSED;
+    audio_latency_mode_t requestedLatencyMode = mSupportedLatencyModes[0];
+    if (requestedLatencyMode == AUDIO_LATENCY_MODE_DYNAMIC_SPATIAL_AUDIO_HARDWARE) {
+        if (mSupportedHeadtrackingConnectionModes.find(
+                HEADTRACKING_CONNECTION_DIRECT_TO_SENSOR_TUNNEL)
+                    != mSupportedHeadtrackingConnectionModes.end()) {
+            mHeadtrackingConnectionMode = HEADTRACKING_CONNECTION_DIRECT_TO_SENSOR_TUNNEL;
+        } else if (mSupportedHeadtrackingConnectionModes.find(
+                HEADTRACKING_CONNECTION_DIRECT_TO_SENSOR_SW)
+                    != mSupportedHeadtrackingConnectionModes.end()) {
+            mHeadtrackingConnectionMode = HEADTRACKING_CONNECTION_DIRECT_TO_SENSOR_SW;
+        } else {
+            // if the engine does not support direct reading of IMU data, do not allow
+            // DYNAMIC_SPATIAL_AUDIO_HARDWARE mode and fallback to next mode
+            if (mSupportedLatencyModes.size() > 1) {
+                requestedLatencyMode = mSupportedLatencyModes[1];
+            } else {
+                // If only DYNAMIC_SPATIAL_AUDIO_HARDWARE mode is reported by the
+                // HAL and the engine does not support it, assert as this is a
+                // product configuration error
+                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("%s: the audio HAL reported only low latency with"
+                        "HW HID tunneling but the spatializer does not support it",
+                        __func__);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return requestedLatencyMode;
+}
+
 void Spatializer::checkSensorsState_l() {
     audio_latency_mode_t requestedLatencyMode = AUDIO_LATENCY_MODE_FREE;
     const bool supportsSetLatencyMode = !mSupportedLatencyModes.empty();
-    const bool supportsLowLatencyMode = supportsSetLatencyMode && std::find(
+    bool supportsLowLatencyMode;
+    if (com::android::media::audio::dsa_over_bt_le_audio()) {
+        // mSupportedLatencyModes is ordered with MODE_FREE always at the end:
+        // the first entry is never MODE_FREE if at least one low ltency mode is supported.
+        supportsLowLatencyMode = supportsSetLatencyMode
+                && mSupportedLatencyModes[0] != AUDIO_LATENCY_MODE_FREE;
+    } else {
+        supportsLowLatencyMode = supportsSetLatencyMode && std::find(
             mSupportedLatencyModes.begin(), mSupportedLatencyModes.end(),
             AUDIO_LATENCY_MODE_LOW) != mSupportedLatencyModes.end();
+    }
     if (mSupportsHeadTracking) {
         if (mPoseController != nullptr) {
             // TODO(b/253297301, b/255433067) reenable low latency condition check
             // for Head Tracking after Bluetooth HAL supports it correctly.
             if (mNumActiveTracks > 0 && mLevel != Spatialization::Level::NONE
-                && mDesiredHeadTrackingMode != HeadTrackingMode::STATIC
-                && mHeadSensor != SpatializerPoseController::INVALID_SENSOR) {
+                    && mDesiredHeadTrackingMode != HeadTrackingMode::STATIC
+                    && mHeadSensor != SpatializerPoseController::INVALID_SENSOR) {
+                if (supportsLowLatencyMode) {
+                    requestedLatencyMode = selectHeadtrackingConnectionMode_l();
+                }
                 if (mEngine != nullptr) {
                     setEffectParameter_l(SPATIALIZER_PARAM_HEADTRACKING_MODE,
                             std::vector<HeadTracking::Mode>{mActualHeadTrackingMode});
+                    setEngineHeadtrackingConnectionMode_l();
                 }
+                // TODO: b/307588546: configure mPoseController according to selected
+                // mHeadtrackingConnectionMode
                 mPoseController->setHeadSensor(mHeadSensor);
                 mPoseController->setScreenSensor(mScreenSensor);
-                if (supportsLowLatencyMode) requestedLatencyMode = AUDIO_LATENCY_MODE_LOW;
             } else {
                 mPoseController->setHeadSensor(SpatializerPoseController::INVALID_SENSOR);
                 mPoseController->setScreenSensor(SpatializerPoseController::INVALID_SENSOR);
@@ -1037,7 +1178,7 @@
 
 void Spatializer::calculateHeadPose() {
     ALOGV("%s", __func__);
-    std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+    audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     if (mPoseController != nullptr) {
         mPoseController->calculateAsync();
     }
@@ -1056,7 +1197,7 @@
     bool needUnlock = false;
 
     prefixSpace += ' ';
-    if (!mLock.try_lock()) {
+    if (!mMutex.try_lock()) {
         // dumpsys even try_lock failed, information dump can be useful although may not accurate
         ss.append(prefixSpace).append("try_lock failed, dumpsys below maybe INACCURATE!\n");
     } else {
@@ -1102,6 +1243,10 @@
     base::StringAppendF(&ss, "%sDisplayOrientation: %f\n", prefixSpace.c_str(),
                         mDisplayOrientation);
 
+    // 4. Show flag or property state.
+    base::StringAppendF(&ss, "%sStereo Spatialization: %s\n", prefixSpace.c_str(),
+            com_android_media_audio_stereo_spatialization() ? "true" : "false");
+
     ss.append(prefixSpace + "CommandLog:\n");
     ss += mLocalLog.dumpToString((prefixSpace + " ").c_str(), mMaxLocalLogLine);
 
@@ -1121,7 +1266,7 @@
     }
 
     if (needUnlock) {
-        mLock.unlock();
+        mMutex.unlock();
     }
     return ss;
 }
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/service/Spatializer.h b/services/audiopolicy/service/Spatializer.h
index 4ef07ce..24788dc 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/service/Spatializer.h
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/service/Spatializer.h
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <android/media/audio/common/AudioLatencyMode.h>
 #include <android/media/audio/common/HeadTracking.h>
 #include <android/media/audio/common/Spatialization.h>
+#include <audio_utils/mutex.h>
 #include <audio_utils/SimpleLog.h>
 #include <math.h>
 #include <media/AudioEffect.h>
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@
 #include <media/stagefright/foundation/ALooper.h>
 #include <system/audio_effects/effect_spatializer.h>
 #include <string>
+#include <unordered_set>
 
 #include "SpatializerPoseController.h"
 
@@ -147,7 +149,7 @@
 
     /** Level getter for use by local classes. */
     media::audio::common::Spatialization::Level getLevel() const {
-        std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+        audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
         return mLevel;
     }
 
@@ -160,7 +162,7 @@
      */
     audio_io_handle_t detachOutput();
     /** Returns the output stream the spatializer is attached to. */
-    audio_io_handle_t getOutput() const { std::lock_guard lock(mLock); return mOutput; }
+    audio_io_handle_t getOutput() const { audio_utils::lock_guard lock(mMutex); return mOutput; }
 
     void updateActiveTracks(size_t numActiveTracks);
 
@@ -260,7 +262,7 @@
      *  according to values vector size.
      */
     template<typename T>
-    status_t setEffectParameter_l(uint32_t type, const std::vector<T>& values) REQUIRES(mLock) {
+    status_t setEffectParameter_l(uint32_t type, const std::vector<T>& values) REQUIRES(mMutex) {
         static_assert(sizeof(T) <= sizeof(uint32_t), "The size of T must less than 32 bits");
 
         uint32_t cmd[sizeof(effect_param_t) / sizeof(uint32_t) + 1 + values.size()];
@@ -281,12 +283,39 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Set a parameter to spatializer engine by calling setParameter on mEngine AudioEffect object.
+     * The variant is for compound parameters with two values of different base types
+     */
+    template<typename P1, typename P2>
+    status_t setEffectParameter_l(uint32_t type, const P1 val1, const P2 val2) REQUIRES(mMutex) {
+        static_assert(sizeof(P1) <= sizeof(uint32_t), "The size of P1 must less than 32 bits");
+        static_assert(sizeof(P2) <= sizeof(uint32_t), "The size of P2 must less than 32 bits");
+
+        uint32_t cmd[sizeof(effect_param_t) / sizeof(uint32_t) + 3];
+        effect_param_t *p = (effect_param_t *)cmd;
+        p->psize = sizeof(uint32_t);
+        p->vsize = 2 * sizeof(uint32_t);
+        *(uint32_t *)p->data = type;
+        *((uint32_t *)p->data + 1) = static_cast<uint32_t>(val1);
+        *((uint32_t *)p->data + 2) = static_cast<uint32_t>(val2);
+
+        status_t status = mEngine->setParameter(p);
+        if (status != NO_ERROR) {
+            return status;
+        }
+        if (p->status != NO_ERROR) {
+            return p->status;
+        }
+        return NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Get a parameter from spatializer engine by calling getParameter on AudioEffect object.
      * It is possible to read more than one value of type T according to the parameter type
      * by specifying values vector size.
      */
     template<typename T>
-    status_t getEffectParameter_l(uint32_t type, std::vector<T> *values) REQUIRES(mLock) {
+    status_t getEffectParameter_l(uint32_t type, std::vector<T> *values) REQUIRES(mMutex) {
         static_assert(sizeof(T) <= sizeof(uint32_t), "The size of T must less than 32 bits");
 
         uint32_t cmd[sizeof(effect_param_t) / sizeof(uint32_t) + 1 + values->size()];
@@ -312,6 +341,34 @@
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get a parameter from spatializer engine by calling getParameter on AudioEffect object.
+     * The variant is for compound parameters with two values of different base types
+     */
+    template<typename P1, typename P2>
+    status_t getEffectParameter_l(uint32_t type, P1 *val1, P2 *val2) REQUIRES(mMutex) {
+        static_assert(sizeof(P1) <= sizeof(uint32_t), "The size of P1 must less than 32 bits");
+        static_assert(sizeof(P2) <= sizeof(uint32_t), "The size of P2 must less than 32 bits");
+
+        uint32_t cmd[sizeof(effect_param_t) / sizeof(uint32_t) + 3];
+        effect_param_t *p = (effect_param_t *)cmd;
+        p->psize = sizeof(uint32_t);
+        p->vsize = 2 * sizeof(uint32_t);
+        *(uint32_t *)p->data = type;
+
+        status_t status = mEngine->getParameter(p);
+
+        if (status != NO_ERROR) {
+            return status;
+        }
+        if (p->status != NO_ERROR) {
+            return p->status;
+        }
+        *val1 = static_cast<P1>(*((uint32_t *)p->data + 1));
+        *val2 = static_cast<P2>(*((uint32_t *)p->data + 2));
+        return NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
     virtual void onFramesProcessed(int32_t framesProcessed) override;
 
     /**
@@ -319,25 +376,54 @@
      * spatializer state and playback activity and configures the pose controller
      * accordingly.
      */
-    void checkSensorsState_l() REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void checkSensorsState_l() REQUIRES(mMutex);
 
     /**
      * Checks if the head pose controller should be created or destroyed according
      * to desired head tracking mode.
      */
-    void checkPoseController_l() REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void checkPoseController_l() REQUIRES(mMutex);
 
     /**
      * Checks if the spatializer effect should be enabled based on
      * playback activity and requested level.
      */
-    void checkEngineState_l() REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void checkEngineState_l() REQUIRES(mMutex);
 
     /**
      * Reset head tracking mode and recenter pose in engine: Called when the head tracking
      * is disabled.
      */
-    void resetEngineHeadPose_l() REQUIRES(mLock);
+    void resetEngineHeadPose_l() REQUIRES(mMutex);
+
+    /** Read bluetooth.core.le.dsa_transport_preference property and populate the ordered list of
+     * preferred low latency modes in mOrderedLowLatencyModes.
+     */
+    void loadOrderedLowLatencyModes();
+
+    /**
+     * Sort mSupportedLatencyModes list according to the preference order stored in
+     * mOrderedLowLatencyModes.
+     * Note: Because MODE_FREE is not in mOrderedLowLatencyModes, it will always be at
+     * the end of the list.
+     */
+    void sortSupportedLatencyModes_l() REQUIRES(mMutex);
+
+    /**
+     * Called after enabling head tracking in the spatializer engine to indicate which
+     * connection mode should be used among those supported. The selection depends on
+     * currently supported latency modes reported by the audio HAL.
+     * When the connection mode is direct to the sensor, the sensor ID is also communicated
+     * to the spatializer engine.
+     */
+    void setEngineHeadtrackingConnectionMode_l() REQUIRES(mMutex);
+
+    /**
+     * Select the desired head tracking connection mode for the spatializer engine among the list
+     * stored in mSupportedHeadtrackingConnectionModes at init time.
+     * Also returns the desired low latency mode according to selected connection mode.
+     */
+    audio_latency_mode_t selectHeadtrackingConnectionMode_l() REQUIRES(mMutex);
 
     /** Effect engine descriptor */
     const effect_descriptor_t mEngineDescriptor;
@@ -350,54 +436,61 @@
     const std::string mMetricsId = kDefaultMetricsId;
 
     /** Mutex protecting internal state */
-    mutable std::mutex mLock;
+    mutable audio_utils::mutex mMutex{audio_utils::MutexOrder::kSpatializer_Mutex};
 
     /** Client AudioEffect for the engine */
-    sp<AudioEffect> mEngine GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    sp<AudioEffect> mEngine GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
     /** Output stream the spatializer mixer thread is attached to */
-    audio_io_handle_t mOutput GUARDED_BY(mLock) = AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE;
+    audio_io_handle_t mOutput GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE;
 
     /** Callback interface to the client (AudioService) controlling this`Spatializer */
-    sp<media::INativeSpatializerCallback> mSpatializerCallback GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    sp<media::INativeSpatializerCallback> mSpatializerCallback GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
 
     /** Callback interface for head tracking */
-    sp<media::ISpatializerHeadTrackingCallback> mHeadTrackingCallback GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    sp<media::ISpatializerHeadTrackingCallback> mHeadTrackingCallback GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
 
     /** Requested spatialization level */
-    media::audio::common::Spatialization::Level mLevel GUARDED_BY(mLock) =
+    media::audio::common::Spatialization::Level mLevel GUARDED_BY(mMutex) =
             media::audio::common::Spatialization::Level::NONE;
 
     /** Control logic for head-tracking, etc. */
-    std::shared_ptr<SpatializerPoseController> mPoseController GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    std::shared_ptr<SpatializerPoseController> mPoseController GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
 
     /** Last requested head tracking mode */
-    media::HeadTrackingMode mDesiredHeadTrackingMode GUARDED_BY(mLock)
+    media::HeadTrackingMode mDesiredHeadTrackingMode GUARDED_BY(mMutex)
             = media::HeadTrackingMode::STATIC;
 
     /** Last-reported actual head-tracking mode. */
-    media::audio::common::HeadTracking::Mode mActualHeadTrackingMode GUARDED_BY(mLock)
+    media::audio::common::HeadTracking::Mode mActualHeadTrackingMode GUARDED_BY(mMutex)
             = media::audio::common::HeadTracking::Mode::DISABLED;
 
     /** Selected Head pose sensor */
-    int32_t mHeadSensor GUARDED_BY(mLock) = SpatializerPoseController::INVALID_SENSOR;
+    int32_t mHeadSensor GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = SpatializerPoseController::INVALID_SENSOR;
 
     /** Selected Screen pose sensor */
-    int32_t mScreenSensor GUARDED_BY(mLock) = SpatializerPoseController::INVALID_SENSOR;
+    int32_t mScreenSensor GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = SpatializerPoseController::INVALID_SENSOR;
 
     /** Last display orientation received */
-    float mDisplayOrientation GUARDED_BY(mLock) = 0.f;  // aligned to natural up orientation.
+    float mDisplayOrientation GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = 0.f;  // aligned to natural up orientation.
 
     /** Last folded state */
-    bool mFoldedState GUARDED_BY(mLock) = false;  // foldable: true means folded.
+    bool mFoldedState GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = false;  // foldable: true means folded.
 
     /** Last hinge angle */
-    float mHingeAngle GUARDED_BY(mLock) = 0.f;  // foldable: 0.f is closed, M_PI flat open.
+    float mHingeAngle GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = 0.f;  // foldable: 0.f is closed, M_PI flat open.
 
     std::vector<media::audio::common::Spatialization::Level> mLevels;
     std::vector<media::audio::common::HeadTracking::Mode> mHeadTrackingModes;
     std::vector<media::audio::common::Spatialization::Mode> mSpatializationModes;
     std::vector<audio_channel_mask_t> mChannelMasks;
     bool mSupportsHeadTracking;
+    /** List of supported headtracking connection modes reported by the spatializer.
+     * If the list is empty, the spatializer does not support any optional connection
+     * mode and mode HEADTRACKING_CONNECTION_FRAMEWORK_PROCESSED is assumed.
+     */
+    std::unordered_set<headtracking_connection_t> mSupportedHeadtrackingConnectionModes;
+    /** Selected HT connection mode when several modes are supported by the spatializer */
+    headtracking_connection_t mHeadtrackingConnectionMode;
 
     // Looper thread for mEngine callbacks
     class EngineCallbackHandler;
@@ -405,9 +498,12 @@
     sp<ALooper> mLooper;
     sp<EngineCallbackHandler> mHandler;
 
-    size_t mNumActiveTracks GUARDED_BY(mLock) = 0;
-    std::vector<audio_latency_mode_t> mSupportedLatencyModes GUARDED_BY(mLock);
-
+    size_t mNumActiveTracks GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = 0;
+    std::vector<audio_latency_mode_t> mSupportedLatencyModes GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+    /** preference order for low latency modes according to persist.bluetooth.hid.transport */
+    std::vector<audio_latency_mode_t> mOrderedLowLatencyModes;
+    /** string to latency mode map used to parse bluetooth.core.le.dsa_transport_preference */
+    static const std::map<std::string, audio_latency_mode_t> sStringToLatencyModeMap;
     static const std::vector<const char*> sHeadPoseKeys;
 
     // Local log for command messages.
@@ -419,10 +515,10 @@
      * Dump to local log with max/average pose angle every mPoseRecordThreshold.
      */
     // Record one log line per second (up to mMaxLocalLogLine) to capture most recent sensor data.
-    media::VectorRecorder mPoseRecorder GUARDED_BY(mLock) {
+    media::VectorRecorder mPoseRecorder GUARDED_BY(mMutex) {
         6 /* vectorSize */, std::chrono::seconds(1), mMaxLocalLogLine, { 3 } /* delimiterIdx */};
     // Record one log line per minute (up to mMaxLocalLogLine) to capture durable sensor data.
-    media::VectorRecorder mPoseDurableRecorder  GUARDED_BY(mLock) {
+    media::VectorRecorder mPoseDurableRecorder GUARDED_BY(mMutex) {
         6 /* vectorSize */, std::chrono::minutes(1), mMaxLocalLogLine, { 3 } /* delimiterIdx */};
 };  // Spatializer
 
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/tests/audiopolicymanager_tests.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/tests/audiopolicymanager_tests.cpp
index 7c5ab08..74d3474 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/tests/audiopolicymanager_tests.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/tests/audiopolicymanager_tests.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "APM_Test"
 #include <Serializer.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android/content/AttributionSourceState.h>
+#include <hardware/audio_effect.h>
 #include <media/AudioPolicy.h>
 #include <media/PatchBuilder.h>
 #include <media/RecordingActivityTracker.h>
@@ -185,6 +187,7 @@
             bool* isBitPerfect = nullptr);
     void getInputForAttr(
             const audio_attributes_t &attr,
+            audio_io_handle_t *input,
             audio_session_t session,
             audio_unique_id_t riid,
             audio_port_handle_t *selectedDeviceId,
@@ -208,7 +211,7 @@
     std::unique_ptr<AudioPolicyManagerTestClient> mClient;
     std::unique_ptr<AudioPolicyTestManager> mManager;
 
-    const uint32_t k48000SamplingRate = 48000;
+    constexpr static const uint32_t k48000SamplingRate = 48000;
 };
 
 void AudioPolicyManagerTest::SetUp() {
@@ -296,6 +299,7 @@
 
 void AudioPolicyManagerTest::getInputForAttr(
         const audio_attributes_t &attr,
+        audio_io_handle_t *input,
         const audio_session_t session,
         audio_unique_id_t riid,
         audio_port_handle_t *selectedDeviceId,
@@ -304,7 +308,6 @@
         int sampleRate,
         audio_input_flags_t flags,
         audio_port_handle_t *portId) {
-    audio_io_handle_t input = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
     audio_config_base_t config = AUDIO_CONFIG_BASE_INITIALIZER;
     config.sample_rate = sampleRate;
     config.channel_mask = channelMask;
@@ -315,7 +318,7 @@
     AudioPolicyInterface::input_type_t inputType;
     AttributionSourceState attributionSource = createAttributionSourceState(/*uid=*/ 0);
     ASSERT_EQ(OK, mManager->getInputForAttr(
-            &attr, &input, riid, session, attributionSource, &config, flags,
+            &attr, input, riid, session, attributionSource, &config, flags,
             selectedDeviceId, &inputType, portId));
     ASSERT_NE(AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE, *portId);
 }
@@ -945,10 +948,13 @@
     audio_port_handle_t selectedDeviceId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
     audio_port_handle_t mixPortId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
     audio_source_t source = AUDIO_SOURCE_VOICE_COMMUNICATION;
-    audio_attributes_t attr = {
-        AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_UNKNOWN, source, AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""};
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getInputForAttr(attr, AUDIO_SESSION_NONE, 1, &selectedDeviceId,
-     AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_MONO, 8000, AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_VOIP_TX, &mixPortId));
+    audio_attributes_t attr = {AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_UNKNOWN, source,
+                               AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""};
+    audio_io_handle_t input = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getInputForAttr(attr, &input, AUDIO_SESSION_NONE, 1,
+                                            &selectedDeviceId, AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT,
+                                            AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_MONO, 8000, AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_VOIP_TX,
+                                            &mixPortId));
 
     std::vector<audio_port_v7> ports;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
@@ -1268,13 +1274,30 @@
             std::string mixAddress, const audio_config_t& audioConfig,
             const std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion>& matchCriteria);
     void clearPolicyMix();
+    void addPolicyMixAndStartInputForLoopback(
+            int mixType, int mixFlag, audio_devices_t deviceType, std::string mixAddress,
+            const audio_config_t& audioConfig,
+            const std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion>& matchCriteria,
+            audio_session_t session=AUDIO_SESSION_NONE,
+            audio_config_base_t config=DEFAULT_INPUT_CONFIG,
+            audio_input_flags_t inputFlags=AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_NONE);
 
     Vector<AudioMix> mAudioMixes;
     const std::string mMixAddress = "remote_submix_media";
+
+    audio_port_handle_t mLoopbackInputPortId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
+    std::unique_ptr<RecordingActivityTracker> mTracker;
+    struct audio_port_v7 mInjectionPort;
+
+    constexpr static const audio_config_base_t DEFAULT_INPUT_CONFIG = {
+            .sample_rate = k48000SamplingRate,
+            .channel_mask = AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_STEREO,
+            .format = AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT
+    };
 };
 
 void AudioPolicyManagerTestDynamicPolicy::TearDown() {
-    mManager->unregisterPolicyMixes(mAudioMixes);
+    clearPolicyMix();
     AudioPolicyManagerTestWithConfigurationFile::TearDown();
 }
 
@@ -1296,11 +1319,45 @@
 
 void AudioPolicyManagerTestDynamicPolicy::clearPolicyMix() {
     if (mManager != nullptr) {
+        mManager->stopInput(mLoopbackInputPortId);
         mManager->unregisterPolicyMixes(mAudioMixes);
     }
     mAudioMixes.clear();
 }
 
+void AudioPolicyManagerTestDynamicPolicy::addPolicyMixAndStartInputForLoopback(
+        int mixType, int mixFlag, audio_devices_t deviceType, std::string mixAddress,
+        const audio_config_t& audioConfig,
+        const std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion>& matchCriteria, audio_session_t session,
+        audio_config_base_t config, audio_input_flags_t inputFlags) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR,
+              addPolicyMix(mixType, mixFlag, deviceType, mixAddress, audioConfig, matchCriteria));
+    if ((mixFlag & MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_LOOP_BACK) != MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_LOOP_BACK) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    mTracker.reset(new RecordingActivityTracker());
+    struct audio_port_v7 extractionPort;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(findDevicePort(AUDIO_PORT_ROLE_SOURCE, AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_REMOTE_SUBMIX,
+                               mixAddress, &extractionPort));
+    audio_port_handle_t selectedDeviceId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
+    audio_source_t source = AUDIO_SOURCE_REMOTE_SUBMIX;
+    audio_attributes_t attr = {
+            AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_UNKNOWN, source, AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""};
+    std::string tags = "addr=" + mMixAddress;
+    audio_io_handle_t input = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
+    strncpy(attr.tags, tags.c_str(), AUDIO_ATTRIBUTES_TAGS_MAX_SIZE - 1);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            getInputForAttr(attr, &input, session, mTracker->getRiid(),
+                            &selectedDeviceId, config.format, config.channel_mask,
+                            config.sample_rate, inputFlags, &mLoopbackInputPortId));
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, mManager->startInput(mLoopbackInputPortId));
+    ASSERT_EQ(extractionPort.id, selectedDeviceId);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(findDevicePort(AUDIO_PORT_ROLE_SINK, AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_REMOTE_SUBMIX,
+                               mMixAddress, &mInjectionPort));
+}
+
 TEST_F(AudioPolicyManagerTestDynamicPolicy, InitSuccess) {
     // SetUp must finish with no assertions
 }
@@ -1678,11 +1735,6 @@
         public testing::WithParamInterface<DPTestParam> {
 protected:
     void SetUp() override;
-    void TearDown() override;
-
-    std::unique_ptr<RecordingActivityTracker> mTracker;
-    struct audio_port_v7 mInjectionPort;
-    audio_port_handle_t mPortId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
 };
 
 void AudioPolicyManagerTestDPPlaybackReRouting::SetUp() {
@@ -1696,33 +1748,10 @@
     audioConfig.sample_rate = k48000SamplingRate;
 
     DPTestParam param = GetParam();
-    status_t ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_LOOP_BACK,
-            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_REMOTE_SUBMIX, mMixAddress, audioConfig, param.mixCriteria);
-    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
-
-    struct audio_port_v7 extractionPort;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(findDevicePort(AUDIO_PORT_ROLE_SOURCE, AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_REMOTE_SUBMIX,
-                    mMixAddress, &extractionPort));
-
-    audio_port_handle_t selectedDeviceId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
-    audio_source_t source = AUDIO_SOURCE_REMOTE_SUBMIX;
-    audio_attributes_t attr = {
-        AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_UNKNOWN, source, AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""};
-    std::string tags = "addr=" + mMixAddress;
-    strncpy(attr.tags, tags.c_str(), AUDIO_ATTRIBUTES_TAGS_MAX_SIZE - 1);
-    getInputForAttr(attr, param.session, mTracker->getRiid(), &selectedDeviceId,
-                    AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, k48000SamplingRate,
-                    AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_NONE, &mPortId);
-    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, mManager->startInput(mPortId));
-    ASSERT_EQ(extractionPort.id, selectedDeviceId);
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(findDevicePort(AUDIO_PORT_ROLE_SINK, AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_REMOTE_SUBMIX,
-                    mMixAddress, &mInjectionPort));
-}
-
-void AudioPolicyManagerTestDPPlaybackReRouting::TearDown() {
-    mManager->stopInput(mPortId);
-    AudioPolicyManagerTestDynamicPolicy::TearDown();
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            addPolicyMixAndStartInputForLoopback(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_LOOP_BACK,
+            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_REMOTE_SUBMIX, mMixAddress, audioConfig, param.mixCriteria,
+            param.session));
 }
 
 TEST_P(AudioPolicyManagerTestDPPlaybackReRouting, PlaybackReRouting) {
@@ -1906,7 +1935,7 @@
     audio_io_handle_t mOutput;
     audio_stream_type_t mStream = AUDIO_STREAM_DEFAULT;
     audio_port_handle_t mSelectedDeviceId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
-    audio_port_handle_t mPortId;
+    audio_port_handle_t mPortId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
     AudioPolicyInterface::output_type_t mOutputType;
     audio_attributes_t attr = AUDIO_ATTRIBUTES_INITIALIZER;
     bool mIsSpatialized;
@@ -1917,12 +1946,14 @@
     // Add mix matching the test uid.
     const int testUid = 12345;
     const auto param = GetParam();
-    status_t ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, param.mixRouteFlags, param.deviceType,
-                                param.deviceAddress, audioConfig, {createUidCriterion(testUid)});
-    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            addPolicyMixAndStartInputForLoopback(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, param.mixRouteFlags,
+                                                 param.deviceType, param.deviceAddress, audioConfig,
+                                                 {createUidCriterion(testUid)}));
 
-    // Geting output for matching uid and mmap-ed stream should fail.
-    audio_output_flags_t outputFlags = AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_MMAP_NOIRQ;
+    // Getting output for matching uid and mmap-ed stream should fail.
+    audio_output_flags_t outputFlags =
+            (audio_output_flags_t) (AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_MMAP_NOIRQ | AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT);
     ASSERT_EQ(INVALID_OPERATION,
               mManager->getOutputForAttr(&attr, &mOutput, AUDIO_SESSION_NONE, &mStream,
                                          createAttributionSourceState(testUid), &audioConfig,
@@ -1935,11 +1966,12 @@
     // Add mix matching the test uid.
     const int testUid = 12345;
     const auto param = GetParam();
-    status_t ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, param.mixRouteFlags, param.deviceType,
-                                param.deviceAddress, audioConfig, {createUidCriterion(testUid)});
-    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            addPolicyMixAndStartInputForLoopback(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, param.mixRouteFlags,
+                                                 param.deviceType,param.deviceAddress, audioConfig,
+                                                 {createUidCriterion(testUid)}));
 
-    // Geting output for matching uid should succeed for non-mmaped stream.
+    // Getting output for matching uid should succeed for non-mmaped stream.
     audio_output_flags_t outputFlags = AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_NONE;
     ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR,
               mManager->getOutputForAttr(&attr, &mOutput, AUDIO_SESSION_NONE, &mStream,
@@ -1949,16 +1981,75 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(AudioPolicyManagerTestMMapPlaybackRerouting,
-        MmapPlaybackStreamMatchingRenderDapMixSucceeds) {
-      // Add render-only mix matching the test uid.
-    const int testUid = 12345;
-    status_t ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER, AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_SPEAKER,
-                                /*mixAddress=*/"", audioConfig, {createUidCriterion(testUid)});
-    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
+        MmapPlaybackStreamMatchingRenderDapMixSupportingMmapSucceeds) {
+    const std::string usbAddress = "card=1;device=0";
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, mManager->setDeviceConnectionState(
+            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_USB_DEVICE, AUDIO_POLICY_DEVICE_STATE_AVAILABLE,
+            usbAddress.c_str(), "", AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT));
+    audio_port_v7 usbDevicePort;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(findDevicePort(AUDIO_PORT_ROLE_SINK, AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_USB_DEVICE,
+                               usbAddress, &usbDevicePort));
 
-    // Geting output for matching uid should succeed for mmaped stream.
-    audio_output_flags_t outputFlags = AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_MMAP_NOIRQ;
+    // Add render-only mix matching the test uid.
+    const int testUid = 12345;
+    // test_audio_policy_configuration.xml declares mmap-capable mix port
+    // for AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_USB_DEVICE.
     ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR,
+              addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER,
+                           AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_USB_DEVICE, /*mixAddress=*/"",
+                           audioConfig, {createUidCriterion(testUid)}));
+
+    static const audio_output_flags_t mmapDirectFlags =
+            (audio_output_flags_t) (AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_MMAP_NOIRQ | AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT);
+    // Getting output for matching uid should succeed for mmaped stream, because matched mix
+    // redirects to mmap capable device.
+    audio_output_flags_t outputFlags = mmapDirectFlags;
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR,
+              mManager->getOutputForAttr(&attr, &mOutput, AUDIO_SESSION_NONE, &mStream,
+                                         createAttributionSourceState(testUid), &audioConfig,
+                                         &outputFlags, &mSelectedDeviceId, &mPortId, {},
+                                         &mOutputType, &mIsSpatialized, &mIsBitPerfect));
+    ASSERT_EQ(usbDevicePort.id, mSelectedDeviceId);
+    auto outputDesc = mManager->getOutputs().valueFor(mOutput);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, outputDesc);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mmapDirectFlags, outputDesc->getFlags().output);
+
+    // After releasing the client, the output is closed. APM should reselect output for the policy
+    // mix.
+    mManager->releaseOutput(mPortId);
+    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, mManager->getOutputs().valueFor(mOutput));
+    outputFlags = AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_NONE;
+    mPortId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR,
+              mManager->getOutputForAttr(&attr, &mOutput, AUDIO_SESSION_NONE, &mStream,
+                                         createAttributionSourceState(testUid), &audioConfig,
+                                         &outputFlags, &mSelectedDeviceId, &mPortId, {},
+                                         &mOutputType, &mIsSpatialized, &mIsBitPerfect));
+    ASSERT_EQ(usbDevicePort.id, mSelectedDeviceId);
+    outputDesc = mManager->getOutputs().valueFor(mOutput);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, outputDesc);
+    ASSERT_NE(mmapDirectFlags, outputDesc->getFlags().output);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, mManager->setDeviceConnectionState(
+            AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_USB_DEVICE, AUDIO_POLICY_DEVICE_STATE_UNAVAILABLE,
+            usbAddress.c_str(), "", AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT));
+}
+
+TEST_F(AudioPolicyManagerTestMMapPlaybackRerouting,
+        MmapPlaybackStreamMatchingRenderDapMixNotSupportingMmapFails) {
+    // Add render-only mix matching the test uid.
+    const int testUid = 12345;
+    // Per test_audio_policy_configuration.xml AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_SPEAKER doesn't support mmap.
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR,
+              addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER,
+                           AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_SPEAKER, /*mixAddress=*/"", audioConfig,
+                           {createUidCriterion(testUid)}));
+
+    // Getting output for matching uid should fail for mmaped stream, because
+    // matched mix redirects to device which doesn't support mmap.
+    audio_output_flags_t outputFlags =
+            (audio_output_flags_t) (AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_MMAP_NOIRQ | AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT);
+    ASSERT_EQ(INVALID_OPERATION,
               mManager->getOutputForAttr(&attr, &mOutput, AUDIO_SESSION_NONE, &mStream,
                                          createAttributionSourceState(testUid), &audioConfig,
                                          &outputFlags, &mSelectedDeviceId, &mPortId, {},
@@ -1971,7 +2062,9 @@
                                         /*deviceAddress=*/"remote_submix_media"),
                         DPMmapTestParam(MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_LOOP_BACK_AND_RENDER,
                                         AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_REMOTE_SUBMIX,
-                                        /*deviceAddress=*/"remote_submix_media")));
+                                        /*deviceAddress=*/"remote_submix_media"),
+                        DPMmapTestParam(MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER, AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_SPEAKER,
+                                        /*deviceAddress=*/"")));
 
 class AudioPolicyManagerTestDPMixRecordInjection : public AudioPolicyManagerTestDynamicPolicy,
         public testing::WithParamInterface<DPTestParam> {
@@ -2028,9 +2121,10 @@
 
     audio_port_handle_t captureRoutedPortId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
     audio_port_handle_t portId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
-    getInputForAttr(param.attributes, param.session, mTracker->getRiid(), &captureRoutedPortId,
-        AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, k48000SamplingRate,
-        AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_NONE, &portId);
+    audio_io_handle_t input = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
+    getInputForAttr(param.attributes, &input, param.session, mTracker->getRiid(),
+                    &captureRoutedPortId, AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_STEREO,
+                    k48000SamplingRate, AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_NONE, &portId);
     if (param.expected_match) {
         EXPECT_EQ(mExtractionPort.id, captureRoutedPortId);
     } else {
@@ -2213,9 +2307,10 @@
                 k48000SamplingRate, AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_NONE);
     } else if (audio_is_input_device(type)) {
         RecordingActivityTracker tracker;
-        getInputForAttr({}, AUDIO_SESSION_NONE, tracker.getRiid(), &routedPortId,
-         AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, k48000SamplingRate,
-         AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_NONE);
+        audio_io_handle_t input = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
+        getInputForAttr({}, &input, AUDIO_SESSION_NONE, tracker.getRiid(), &routedPortId,
+                        AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, k48000SamplingRate,
+                        AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_NONE);
     }
     ASSERT_EQ(devicePort.id, routedPortId);
 
@@ -2287,6 +2382,7 @@
     static const std::string sCarBusNavigationOutput;
     static const std::string sCarRearZoneOneOutput;
     static const std::string sCarRearZoneTwoOutput;
+    static const std::string sCarBusMmapOutput;
 };
 
 const std::string AudioPolicyManagerCarTest::sCarConfig =
@@ -2300,6 +2396,8 @@
 
 const std::string AudioPolicyManagerCarTest::sCarRearZoneTwoOutput = "bus200_audio_zone_2";
 
+const std::string AudioPolicyManagerCarTest::sCarBusMmapOutput = "bus8_mmap_out";
+
 TEST_F(AudioPolicyManagerCarTest, InitSuccess) {
     // SetUp must finish with no assertions.
 }
@@ -2749,6 +2847,37 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(navDevicePort.id, selectedDeviceId);
 }
 
+TEST_F(AudioPolicyManagerCarTest, GetOutputForAttrForMMapWithPolicyMatched) {
+    status_t ret;
+    audio_config_t audioConfig = AUDIO_CONFIG_INITIALIZER;
+    audioConfig.channel_mask = AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO;
+    audioConfig.format = AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT;
+    audioConfig.sample_rate = k48000SamplingRate;
+    std::vector<AudioMixMatchCriterion> mediaMatchCriteria = {
+            createUsageCriterion(AUDIO_USAGE_MEDIA, /*exclude=*/ false)};
+    ret = addPolicyMix(MIX_TYPE_PLAYERS, MIX_ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER,
+                       AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS, sCarBusMmapOutput, audioConfig, mediaMatchCriteria);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, ret);
+    audio_port_v7 mmapDevicePort;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(findDevicePort(AUDIO_PORT_ROLE_SINK, AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS,
+                               sCarBusMmapOutput, &mmapDevicePort));
+    audio_port_handle_t selectedDeviceId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
+    audio_io_handle_t output;
+    audio_port_handle_t portId;
+    const audio_attributes_t mediaAttribute = {
+            AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN, AUDIO_USAGE_MEDIA,
+            AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT, AUDIO_FLAG_NONE, ""};
+
+    getOutputForAttr(
+            &selectedDeviceId, AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO,
+            k48000SamplingRate,
+            (audio_output_flags_t)(AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_MMAP_NOIRQ | AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT),
+            &output, &portId, mediaAttribute);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(mmapDevicePort.id, selectedDeviceId);
+}
+
 class AudioPolicyManagerTVTest : public AudioPolicyManagerTestWithConfigurationFile {
 protected:
     std::string getConfigFile() override { return sTvConfig; }
@@ -2962,7 +3091,8 @@
     audio_attributes_t attr = AUDIO_ATTRIBUTES_INITIALIZER;
     attr.source = source;
     audio_port_handle_t selectedDeviceId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getInputForAttr(attr, AUDIO_SESSION_NONE, 1, &selectedDeviceId,
+    audio_io_handle_t input = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getInputForAttr(attr, &input, AUDIO_SESSION_NONE, 1, &selectedDeviceId,
                                             AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_STEREO,
                                             48000));
     auto selectedDevice = availableDevices.getDeviceFromId(selectedDeviceId);
@@ -2982,7 +3112,8 @@
               mManager->setDevicesRoleForCapturePreset(source, role,
                                                        {preferredDevice->getDeviceTypeAddr()}));
     selectedDeviceId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getInputForAttr(attr, AUDIO_SESSION_NONE, 1, &selectedDeviceId,
+    input = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getInputForAttr(attr, &input, AUDIO_SESSION_NONE, 1, &selectedDeviceId,
                                             AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_STEREO,
                                             48000));
     ASSERT_EQ(preferredDevice, availableDevices.getDeviceFromId(selectedDeviceId));
@@ -2992,7 +3123,8 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR,
               mManager->clearDevicesRoleForCapturePreset(source, role));
     selectedDeviceId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getInputForAttr(attr, AUDIO_SESSION_NONE, 1, &selectedDeviceId,
+    input = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getInputForAttr(attr, &input, AUDIO_SESSION_NONE, 1, &selectedDeviceId,
                                             AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_STEREO,
                                             48000));
     ASSERT_EQ(selectedDevice, availableDevices.getDeviceFromId(selectedDeviceId));
@@ -3017,7 +3149,8 @@
     audio_attributes_t attr = AUDIO_ATTRIBUTES_INITIALIZER;
     attr.source = source;
     audio_port_handle_t selectedDeviceId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getInputForAttr(attr, AUDIO_SESSION_NONE, 1, &selectedDeviceId,
+    audio_io_handle_t input = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getInputForAttr(attr, &input, AUDIO_SESSION_NONE, 1, &selectedDeviceId,
                                             AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_STEREO,
                                             48000));
     auto selectedDevice = availableDevices.getDeviceFromId(selectedDeviceId);
@@ -3029,9 +3162,10 @@
               mManager->setDevicesRoleForCapturePreset(source, role,
                                                        {selectedDevice->getDeviceTypeAddr()}));
     selectedDeviceId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getInputForAttr(attr, AUDIO_SESSION_NONE, 1, &selectedDeviceId,
-                                            AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_STEREO,
-                                            48000));
+    input = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getInputForAttr(attr, &input, AUDIO_SESSION_NONE, 1,
+                                            &selectedDeviceId, AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT,
+                                            AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, 48000));
     ASSERT_NE(selectedDevice, availableDevices.getDeviceFromId(selectedDeviceId));
 
     // After clearing disabled device for capture preset, the selected device for input should be
@@ -3039,7 +3173,8 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR,
               mManager->clearDevicesRoleForCapturePreset(source, role));
     selectedDeviceId = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getInputForAttr(attr, AUDIO_SESSION_NONE, 1, &selectedDeviceId,
+    input = AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getInputForAttr(attr, &input, AUDIO_SESSION_NONE, 1, &selectedDeviceId,
                                             AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_STEREO,
                                             48000));
     ASSERT_EQ(selectedDevice, availableDevices.getDeviceFromId(selectedDeviceId));
@@ -3075,3 +3210,77 @@
                 DevicesRoleForCapturePresetParam({AUDIO_SOURCE_HOTWORD, DEVICE_ROLE_PREFERRED})
                 )
         );
+
+
+const effect_descriptor_t TEST_EFFECT_DESC = {
+        {0xf2a4bb20, 0x0c3c, 0x11e3, 0x8b07, {0x00, 0x02, 0xa5, 0xd5, 0xc5, 0x1b}}, // type
+        {0xff93e360, 0x0c3c, 0x11e3, 0x8a97, {0x00, 0x02, 0xa5, 0xd5, 0xc5, 0x1b}}, // uuid
+        EFFECT_CONTROL_API_VERSION,
+        EFFECT_FLAG_TYPE_PRE_PROC,
+        0,
+        1,
+        "APM test Effect",
+        "The Android Open Source Project",
+};
+
+class AudioPolicyManagerPreProcEffectTest : public AudioPolicyManagerTestWithConfigurationFile {
+};
+
+TEST_F(AudioPolicyManagerPreProcEffectTest, DeviceDisconnectWhileClientActive) {
+    const audio_source_t source = AUDIO_SOURCE_MIC;
+    const std::string address = "BUS00_MIC";
+    const std::string deviceName = "randomName";
+    audio_port_handle_t portId;
+    audio_devices_t type = AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_BUS;
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, mManager->setDeviceConnectionState(type,
+            AUDIO_POLICY_DEVICE_STATE_AVAILABLE, address.c_str(), deviceName.c_str(),
+            AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT));
+    auto availableDevices = mManager->getAvailableInputDevices();
+    ASSERT_GT(availableDevices.size(), 1);
+
+    audio_attributes_t attr = AUDIO_ATTRIBUTES_INITIALIZER;
+    attr.source = source;
+    audio_session_t session = TEST_SESSION_ID;
+    audio_io_handle_t inputClientHandle = 777;
+    int effectId = 666;
+    audio_port_v7 devicePort;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(findDevicePort(AUDIO_PORT_ROLE_SOURCE, type, address, &devicePort));
+
+    audio_port_handle_t routedPortId = devicePort.id;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getInputForAttr(attr, &inputClientHandle, session, 1, &routedPortId,
+                                            AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_STEREO,
+                                            48000, AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_NONE, &portId));
+    ASSERT_EQ(devicePort.id, routedPortId);
+    auto selectedDevice = availableDevices.getDeviceFromId(routedPortId);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, selectedDevice);
+
+    // Add a pre processing effect on the input client session
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, mManager->registerEffect(&TEST_EFFECT_DESC, inputClientHandle,
+            PRODUCT_STRATEGY_NONE, session, effectId));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, mManager->startInput(portId));
+
+    // Force a device disconnection to close the input, no crash expected of APM
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, mManager->setDeviceConnectionState(
+            type, AUDIO_POLICY_DEVICE_STATE_UNAVAILABLE,
+            address.c_str(), deviceName.c_str(), AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT));
+
+    // Reconnect the device
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, mManager->setDeviceConnectionState(
+            type, AUDIO_POLICY_DEVICE_STATE_AVAILABLE,
+            address.c_str(), deviceName.c_str(), AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT));
+
+    inputClientHandle += 1;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(findDevicePort(AUDIO_PORT_ROLE_SOURCE, type, address, &devicePort));
+    routedPortId = devicePort.id;
+
+    // Reconnect the client changing voluntarily the io, but keeping the session to get the
+    // effect attached again
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getInputForAttr(attr, &inputClientHandle, session, 1, &routedPortId,
+                                            AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT, AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_STEREO,
+                                            48000));
+
+    // unregister effect should succeed since effect shall have been restore on the client session
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, mManager->unregisterEffect(effectId));
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/tests/resources/test_audio_policy_configuration.xml b/services/audiopolicy/tests/resources/test_audio_policy_configuration.xml
index 50ca26a..4efdf8a 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/tests/resources/test_audio_policy_configuration.xml
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/tests/resources/test_audio_policy_configuration.xml
@@ -55,6 +55,16 @@
                            samplingRates="8000 16000 32000 48000" channelMasks="AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO"/>
                 </mixPort>
                 <mixPort name="hifi_output" role="source" flags="AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_BIT_PERFECT"/>
+                <mixPort name="mmap_no_irq_out" role="source"
+                         flags="AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_MMAP_NOIRQ">
+                    <profile name="" format="AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT"
+                             samplingRates="48000" channelMasks="AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO"/>
+                </mixPort>
+                <mixPort name="mixport_bus_input" role="sink">
+                    <profile name="" format="AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT"
+                        samplingRates="48000"
+                        channelMasks="AUDIO_CHANNEL_IN_STEREO"/>
+                </mixPort>
             </mixPorts>
             <devicePorts>
                 <devicePort tagName="Speaker" type="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_SPEAKER" role="sink">
@@ -79,6 +89,8 @@
                 </devicePort>
                 <devicePort tagName="USB Device In" type="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_USB_DEVICE" role="source">
                 </devicePort>
+                <devicePort tagName="BUS Device In" type="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_BUS" role="source" address="BUS00_MIC">
+                </devicePort>
             </devicePorts>
             <routes>
                 <route type="mix" sink="Speaker"
@@ -96,7 +108,9 @@
                 <route type="mix" sink="BT A2DP Out"
                        sources="primary output,hifi_output"/>
                 <route type="mix" sink="USB Device Out"
-                       sources="primary output,hifi_output"/>
+                       sources="primary output,hifi_output,mmap_no_irq_out"/>
+                <route type="mix" sink="mixport_bus_input"
+                    sources="BUS Device In"/>
             </routes>
         </module>
 
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/tests/resources/test_car_ap_atmos_offload_configuration.xml b/services/audiopolicy/tests/resources/test_car_ap_atmos_offload_configuration.xml
index d131ed8..d40ebfc 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/tests/resources/test_car_ap_atmos_offload_configuration.xml
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/tests/resources/test_car_ap_atmos_offload_configuration.xml
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
                 <item>bus5_alarm_out</item>
                 <item>bus6_notification_out</item>
                 <item>bus7_system_sound_out</item>
+                <item>bus8_mmap_out</item>
                 <!-- names with _audio_zone_# are used for defined an emulator rear seat audio zone
                     where each number # is the zone id number -->
                 <item>bus100_audio_zone_1</item>
@@ -96,6 +97,11 @@
                              samplingRates="48000"
                              channelMasks="AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO"/>
                 </mixPort>
+                <mixPort name="mixport_bus8_mmap_out" role="source"
+                         flags="AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT|AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_MMAP_NOIRQ">
+                    <profile name="" format="AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT"
+                             samplingRates="48000" channelMasks="AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO"/>
+                </mixPort>
                 <mixPort name="mixport_bus100_audio_zone_1" role="source">
                     <profile name="" format="AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT"
                              samplingRates="48000"
@@ -213,6 +219,16 @@
                                 stepValueMB="100"/>
                     </gains>
                 </devicePort>
+                <devicePort tagName="bus8_mmap_out" role="sink" type="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS"
+                    address="bus8_mmap_out">
+                    <profile name="" format="AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT"
+                        samplingRates="48000" channelMasks="AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO"/>
+                    <gains>
+                        <gain name="" mode="AUDIO_GAIN_MODE_JOINT"
+                            minValueMB="-3200" maxValueMB="600" defaultValueMB="0"
+                            stepValueMB="100"/>
+                    </gains>
+                </devicePort>
                 <devicePort tagName="bus100_audio_zone_1" role="sink" type="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS"
                         address="bus100_audio_zone_1">
                     <profile name="" format="AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT"
@@ -295,6 +311,8 @@
                         sources="mixport_bus6_notification_out"/>
                 <route type="mix" sink="bus7_system_sound_out"
                         sources="mixport_bus7_system_sound_out"/>
+                <route type="mix" sink="bus8_mmap_out"
+                        sources="mixport_bus8_mmap_out"/>
                 <route type="mix" sink="bus100_audio_zone_1" sources="mixport_bus100_audio_zone_1"/>
                 <route type="mix" sink="bus200_audio_zone_2" sources="mixport_bus200_audio_zone_2"/>
                 <route type="mix" sink="primary input"
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/Android.bp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/Android.bp
index a45365a..575e0fb 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/Android.bp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/Android.bp
@@ -35,9 +35,93 @@
     ],
 }
 
-cc_library_shared {
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "libcameraservice_deps",
+    defaults: ["android.hardware.graphics.common-ndk_shared"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libactivitymanager_aidl",
+        "libbase",
+        "libdl",
+        "libui",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutilscallstack",
+        "libutils",
+        "libbinder",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libactivitymanager_aidl",
+        "libpermission",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libexif",
+        "libmedia",
+        "libmediautils",
+        "libcamera_client",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "libfmq",
+        "libgui",
+        "libhardware",
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libimage_io",
+        "libjpeg",
+        "libultrahdr",
+        "libmedia_codeclist",
+        "libmedia_omx",
+        "libmemunreachable",
+        "libnativewindow",
+        "libprocessgroup",
+        "libprocinfo",
+        "libsensorprivacy",
+        "libstagefright",
+        "libstagefright_foundation",
+        "libxml2",
+        "libyuv",
+        "android.companion.virtualdevice.flags-aconfig-cc",
+        "android.hardware.camera.common@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.camera.device@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.2",
+        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.3",
+        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.4",
+        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.5",
+        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.6",
+        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.7",
+        "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.common.fmq-V1-ndk",
+        "camera_platform_flags_c_lib",
+        "media_permission-aidl-cpp",
+    ],
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.common@2.0",
+        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.service@2.0",
+        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.service@2.1",
+        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.service@2.2",
+        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.device@2.0",
+        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.device@2.1",
+        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.common-V1-ndk",
+        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.service-V2-ndk",
+        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.device-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.camera.common-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.camera.device-V3-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.camera.metadata-V3-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.5",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.6",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.7",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider-V3-ndk",
+        "libaidlcommonsupport",
+        "libbinderthreadstateutils",
+        "libcameraservice_device_independent",
+        "libdynamic_depth",
+        "libprocessinfoservice_aidl",
+        "media_permission-aidl-cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library {
     name: "libcameraservice",
 
+    defaults: [
+        "libcameraservice_deps",
+    ],
     // Camera service source
 
     srcs: [
@@ -105,11 +189,13 @@
         "utils/CameraThreadState.cpp",
         "utils/CameraTraces.cpp",
         "utils/AutoConditionLock.cpp",
+        "utils/SchedulingPolicyUtils.cpp",
         "utils/SessionConfigurationUtils.cpp",
         "utils/SessionConfigurationUtilsHidl.cpp",
         "utils/SessionStatsBuilder.cpp",
         "utils/TagMonitor.cpp",
         "utils/LatencyHistogram.cpp",
+        "utils/Utils.cpp",
     ],
 
     header_libs: [
@@ -119,73 +205,6 @@
         "libmediametrics_headers",
     ],
 
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libactivitymanager_aidl",
-        "libbase",
-        "libdl",
-        "libexif",
-        "libui",
-        "liblog",
-        "libutilscallstack",
-        "libutils",
-        "libbinder",
-        "libbinder_ndk",
-        "libactivitymanager_aidl",
-        "libpermission",
-        "libcutils",
-        "libmedia",
-        "libmediautils",
-        "libcamera_client",
-        "libcamera_metadata",
-        "libdynamic_depth",
-        "libfmq",
-        "libgui",
-        "libhardware",
-        "libhidlbase",
-        "libimage_io",
-        "libjpeg",
-        "libultrahdr",
-        "libmedia_codeclist",
-        "libmedia_omx",
-        "libmemunreachable",
-        "libsensorprivacy",
-        "libstagefright",
-        "libstagefright_foundation",
-        "libxml2",
-        "libyuv",
-        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.common@2.0",
-        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.service@2.0",
-        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.service@2.1",
-        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.service@2.2",
-        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.device@2.0",
-        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.device@2.1",
-        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.common-V1-ndk",
-        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.service-V1-ndk",
-        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.device-V1-ndk",
-        "android.hardware.camera.common@1.0",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.5",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.6",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.7",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider-V2-ndk",
-        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.2",
-        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.3",
-        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.4",
-        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.5",
-        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.6",
-        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.7",
-        "android.hardware.camera.device-V2-ndk",
-        "media_permission-aidl-cpp",
-    ],
-
-    static_libs: [
-        "libaidlcommonsupport",
-        "libprocessinfoservice_aidl",
-        "libbinderthreadstateutils",
-        "media_permission-aidl-cpp",
-        "libcameraservice_device_independent",
-    ],
-
     export_shared_lib_headers: [
         "libbinder",
         "libactivitymanager_aidl",
@@ -242,6 +261,7 @@
         "liblog",
         "libutils",
         "libxml2",
+        "camera_platform_flags_c_lib"
     ],
 
     include_dirs: [
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp
index ae5e9a1..3f43af5 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 #include <binder/PermissionController.h>
 #include <binder/IResultReceiver.h>
 #include <binderthreadstate/CallerUtils.h>
+#include <com_android_internal_camera_flags.h>
 #include <cutils/atomic.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include <cutils/misc.h>
@@ -83,18 +84,22 @@
 #include "utils/TagMonitor.h"
 #include "utils/CameraThreadState.h"
 #include "utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.h"
+#include "utils/SessionConfigurationUtils.h"
 
 namespace {
     const char* kPermissionServiceName = "permission";
     const char* kActivityServiceName = "activity";
     const char* kSensorPrivacyServiceName = "sensor_privacy";
     const char* kAppopsServiceName = "appops";
+    const char* kProcessInfoServiceName = "processinfo";
 }; // namespace anonymous
 
 namespace android {
 
-using binder::Status;
 using namespace camera3;
+using namespace camera3::SessionConfigurationUtils;
+
+using binder::Status;
 using frameworks::cameraservice::service::V2_0::implementation::HidlCameraService;
 using frameworks::cameraservice::service::implementation::AidlCameraService;
 using hardware::ICamera;
@@ -104,6 +109,7 @@
 using hardware::camera2::ICameraInjectionSession;
 using hardware::camera2::utils::CameraIdAndSessionConfiguration;
 using hardware::camera2::utils::ConcurrentCameraIdCombination;
+namespace flags = com::android::internal::camera::flags;
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Logging support -- this is for debugging only
@@ -127,6 +133,8 @@
 static const std::string sManageCameraPermission("android.permission.MANAGE_CAMERA");
 static const std::string sCameraPermission("android.permission.CAMERA");
 static const std::string sSystemCameraPermission("android.permission.SYSTEM_CAMERA");
+static const std::string sCameraHeadlessSystemUserPermission(
+        "android.permission.CAMERA_HEADLESS_SYSTEM_USER");
 static const std::string
         sCameraSendSystemEventsPermission("android.permission.CAMERA_SEND_SYSTEM_EVENTS");
 static const std::string sCameraOpenCloseListenerPermission(
@@ -698,25 +706,125 @@
     broadcastTorchModeStatus(cameraId, newStatus, systemCameraKind);
 }
 
-static bool hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(int callingPid, int callingUid) {
+static bool isAutomotiveDevice() {
+    // Checks the property ro.hardware.type and returns true if it is
+    // automotive.
+    char value[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX] = {0};
+    property_get("ro.hardware.type", value, "");
+    return strncmp(value, "automotive", PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX) == 0;
+}
+
+static bool isHeadlessSystemUserMode() {
+    // Checks if the device is running in headless system user mode
+    // by checking the property ro.fw.mu.headless_system_user.
+    char value[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX] = {0};
+    property_get("ro.fw.mu.headless_system_user", value, "");
+    return strncmp(value, "true", PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX) == 0;
+}
+
+static bool isAutomotivePrivilegedClient(int32_t uid) {
+    // Returns false if this is not an automotive device type.
+    if (!isAutomotiveDevice())
+        return false;
+
+    // Returns true if the uid is AID_AUTOMOTIVE_EVS which is a
+    // privileged client uid used for safety critical use cases such as
+    // rear view and surround view.
+    return uid == AID_AUTOMOTIVE_EVS;
+}
+
+bool CameraService::isAutomotiveExteriorSystemCamera(const std::string& cam_id) const{
+    // Returns false if this is not an automotive device type.
+    if (!isAutomotiveDevice())
+        return false;
+
+    // Returns false if no camera id is provided.
+    if (cam_id.empty())
+        return false;
+
+    SystemCameraKind systemCameraKind = SystemCameraKind::PUBLIC;
+    if (getSystemCameraKind(cam_id, &systemCameraKind) != OK) {
+        // This isn't a known camera ID, so it's not a system camera.
+        ALOGE("%s: Unknown camera id %s, ", __FUNCTION__, cam_id.c_str());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (systemCameraKind != SystemCameraKind::SYSTEM_ONLY_CAMERA) {
+        ALOGE("%s: camera id %s is not a system camera", __FUNCTION__, cam_id.c_str());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    CameraMetadata cameraInfo;
+    status_t res = mCameraProviderManager->getCameraCharacteristics(
+            cam_id, false, &cameraInfo, false);
+    if (res != OK){
+        ALOGE("%s: Not able to get camera characteristics for camera id %s",__FUNCTION__,
+                cam_id.c_str());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    camera_metadata_entry auto_location  = cameraInfo.find(ANDROID_AUTOMOTIVE_LOCATION);
+    if (auto_location.count != 1)
+        return false;
+
+    uint8_t location = auto_location.data.u8[0];
+    if ((location != ANDROID_AUTOMOTIVE_LOCATION_EXTERIOR_FRONT) &&
+            (location != ANDROID_AUTOMOTIVE_LOCATION_EXTERIOR_REAR) &&
+            (location != ANDROID_AUTOMOTIVE_LOCATION_EXTERIOR_LEFT) &&
+            (location != ANDROID_AUTOMOTIVE_LOCATION_EXTERIOR_RIGHT)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool CameraService::checkPermission(const std::string& cameraId, const std::string& permission,
+        const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource, const std::string& message,
+        int32_t attributedOpCode) const{
+    if (isAutomotivePrivilegedClient(attributionSource.uid)) {
+        // If cameraId is empty, then it means that this check is not used for the
+        // purpose of accessing a specific camera, hence grant permission just
+        // based on uid to the automotive privileged client.
+        if (cameraId.empty())
+            return true;
+        // If this call is used for accessing a specific camera then cam_id must be provided.
+        // In that case, only pre-grants the permission for accessing the exterior system only
+        // camera.
+        return isAutomotiveExteriorSystemCamera(cameraId);
+    }
+
     permission::PermissionChecker permissionChecker;
+    return permissionChecker.checkPermissionForPreflight(toString16(permission), attributionSource,
+            toString16(message), attributedOpCode)
+            != permission::PermissionChecker::PERMISSION_HARD_DENIED;
+}
+
+bool CameraService::hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(const std::string& cameraId, int callingPid,
+        int callingUid) const{
     AttributionSourceState attributionSource{};
     attributionSource.pid = callingPid;
     attributionSource.uid = callingUid;
-    bool checkPermissionForSystemCamera = permissionChecker.checkPermissionForPreflight(
-            toString16(sSystemCameraPermission), attributionSource, String16(),
-            AppOpsManager::OP_NONE) != permission::PermissionChecker::PERMISSION_HARD_DENIED;
-    bool checkPermissionForCamera = permissionChecker.checkPermissionForPreflight(
-            toString16(sCameraPermission), attributionSource, String16(),
-            AppOpsManager::OP_NONE) != permission::PermissionChecker::PERMISSION_HARD_DENIED;
+    bool checkPermissionForSystemCamera = checkPermission(cameraId,
+            sSystemCameraPermission, attributionSource, std::string(), AppOpsManager::OP_NONE);
+    bool checkPermissionForCamera = checkPermission(cameraId,
+            sCameraPermission, attributionSource, std::string(), AppOpsManager::OP_NONE);
     return checkPermissionForSystemCamera && checkPermissionForCamera;
 }
 
+bool CameraService::hasPermissionsForCameraHeadlessSystemUser(const std::string& cameraId,
+        int callingPid, int callingUid) const{
+    AttributionSourceState attributionSource{};
+    attributionSource.pid = callingPid;
+    attributionSource.uid = callingUid;
+    return checkPermission(cameraId, sCameraHeadlessSystemUserPermission, attributionSource,
+            std::string(), AppOpsManager::OP_NONE);
+}
+
 Status CameraService::getNumberOfCameras(int32_t type, int32_t* numCameras) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     Mutex::Autolock l(mServiceLock);
     bool hasSystemCameraPermissions =
-            hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(CameraThreadState::getCallingPid(),
+            hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(std::string(), CameraThreadState::getCallingPid(),
                     CameraThreadState::getCallingUid());
     switch (type) {
         case CAMERA_TYPE_BACKWARD_COMPATIBLE:
@@ -742,8 +850,7 @@
     return Status::ok();
 }
 
-Status CameraService::remapCameraIds(const hardware::CameraIdRemapping&
-      cameraIdRemapping) {
+Status CameraService::remapCameraIds(const hardware::CameraIdRemapping& cameraIdRemapping) {
     if (!checkCallingPermission(toString16(sCameraInjectExternalCameraPermission))) {
         const int pid = CameraThreadState::getCallingPid();
         const int uid = CameraThreadState::getCallingUid();
@@ -761,6 +868,136 @@
     return Status::ok();
 }
 
+Status CameraService::createDefaultRequest(const std::string& unresolvedCameraId, int templateId,
+        /* out */
+        hardware::camera2::impl::CameraMetadataNative* request) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+
+    if (!flags::feature_combination_query()) {
+        return STATUS_ERROR(CameraService::ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION,
+                "Camera subsystem doesn't support this method!");
+    }
+    if (!mInitialized) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Camera subsystem is not available", __FUNCTION__);
+        logServiceError("Camera subsystem is not available", ERROR_DISCONNECTED);
+        return STATUS_ERROR(ERROR_DISCONNECTED, "Camera subsystem is not available");
+    }
+
+    const std::string cameraId = resolveCameraId(unresolvedCameraId,
+            CameraThreadState::getCallingUid());
+
+    binder::Status res;
+    if (request == nullptr) {
+        res = STATUS_ERROR_FMT(CameraService::ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION,
+                "Camera %s: Error creating default request", cameraId.c_str());
+        return res;
+    }
+    camera_request_template_t tempId = camera_request_template_t::CAMERA_TEMPLATE_COUNT;
+    res = SessionConfigurationUtils::mapRequestTemplateFromClient(
+            cameraId, templateId, &tempId);
+    if (!res.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Camera %s: failed to map request Template %d",
+                __FUNCTION__, cameraId.c_str(), templateId);
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    if (shouldRejectSystemCameraConnection(cameraId)) {
+        return STATUS_ERROR_FMT(ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION, "Unable to create default"
+                "request for system only device %s: ", cameraId.c_str());
+    }
+
+    // Check for camera permissions
+    if (!hasCameraPermissions()) {
+        return STATUS_ERROR(ERROR_PERMISSION_DENIED,
+                "android.permission.CAMERA needed to call"
+                "createDefaultRequest");
+    }
+
+    CameraMetadata metadata;
+    status_t err = mCameraProviderManager->createDefaultRequest(cameraId, tempId, &metadata);
+    if (err == OK) {
+        request->swap(metadata);
+    } else if (err == BAD_VALUE) {
+        res = STATUS_ERROR_FMT(CameraService::ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
+                "Camera %s: Template ID %d is invalid or not supported: %s (%d)",
+                cameraId.c_str(), templateId, strerror(-err), err);
+    } else {
+        res = STATUS_ERROR_FMT(CameraService::ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION,
+                "Camera %s: Error creating default request for template %d: %s (%d)",
+                cameraId.c_str(), templateId, strerror(-err), err);
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
+Status CameraService::isSessionConfigurationWithParametersSupported(
+        const std::string& unresolvedCameraId,
+        const SessionConfiguration& sessionConfiguration,
+        /*out*/
+        bool* supported) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+
+    if (!flags::feature_combination_query()) {
+        return STATUS_ERROR(CameraService::ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION,
+                "Camera subsystem doesn't support this method!");
+    }
+    if (!mInitialized) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Camera HAL couldn't be initialized", __FUNCTION__);
+        logServiceError("Camera subsystem is not available", ERROR_DISCONNECTED);
+        return STATUS_ERROR(ERROR_DISCONNECTED, "Camera subsystem is not available");
+    }
+
+    const std::string cameraId = resolveCameraId(unresolvedCameraId,
+            CameraThreadState::getCallingUid());
+    if (supported == nullptr) {
+        std::string msg = fmt::sprintf("Camera %s: Invalid 'support' input!",
+                unresolvedCameraId.c_str());
+        ALOGE("%s: %s", __FUNCTION__, msg.c_str());
+        return STATUS_ERROR(CameraService::ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, msg.c_str());
+    }
+
+    if (shouldRejectSystemCameraConnection(cameraId)) {
+        return STATUS_ERROR_FMT(ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION, "Unable to query "
+                "session configuration with parameters support for system only device %s: ",
+                cameraId.c_str());
+    }
+
+    // Check for camera permissions
+    if (!hasCameraPermissions()) {
+        return STATUS_ERROR(ERROR_PERMISSION_DENIED,
+                "android.permission.CAMERA needed to call"
+                "isSessionConfigurationWithParametersSupported");
+    }
+
+    *supported = false;
+    status_t ret = mCameraProviderManager->isSessionConfigurationSupported(cameraId.c_str(),
+            sessionConfiguration, /*mOverrideForPerfClass*/false, /*checkSessionParams*/true,
+            supported);
+    binder::Status res;
+    switch (ret) {
+        case OK:
+            // Expected, do nothing.
+            break;
+        case INVALID_OPERATION: {
+                std::string msg = fmt::sprintf(
+                        "Camera %s: Session configuration query not supported!",
+                        cameraId.c_str());
+                ALOGD("%s: %s", __FUNCTION__, msg.c_str());
+                res = STATUS_ERROR(CameraService::ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION, msg.c_str());
+            }
+
+            break;
+        default: {
+                std::string msg = fmt::sprintf( "Camera %s: Error: %s (%d)", cameraId.c_str(),
+                        strerror(-ret), ret);
+                ALOGE("%s: %s", __FUNCTION__, msg.c_str());
+                res = STATUS_ERROR(CameraService::ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
+                        msg.c_str());
+            }
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
 Status CameraService::parseCameraIdRemapping(
         const hardware::CameraIdRemapping& cameraIdRemapping,
         /* out */ TCameraIdRemapping* cameraIdRemappingMap) {
@@ -768,21 +1005,20 @@
     std::string cameraIdToReplace, updatedCameraId;
     for(const auto& packageIdRemapping: cameraIdRemapping.packageIdRemappings) {
         packageName = packageIdRemapping.packageName;
-        if (packageName == "") {
+        if (packageName.empty()) {
             return STATUS_ERROR(ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
                     "CameraIdRemapping: Package name cannot be empty");
         }
-
         if (packageIdRemapping.cameraIdsToReplace.size()
             != packageIdRemapping.updatedCameraIds.size()) {
             return STATUS_ERROR_FMT(ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
                     "CameraIdRemapping: Mismatch in CameraId Remapping lists sizes for package %s",
-                     packageName.c_str());
+                    packageName.c_str());
         }
         for(size_t i = 0; i < packageIdRemapping.cameraIdsToReplace.size(); i++) {
             cameraIdToReplace = packageIdRemapping.cameraIdsToReplace[i];
             updatedCameraId = packageIdRemapping.updatedCameraIds[i];
-            if (cameraIdToReplace == "" || updatedCameraId == "") {
+            if (cameraIdToReplace.empty() || updatedCameraId.empty()) {
                 return STATUS_ERROR_FMT(ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
                         "CameraIdRemapping: Camera Id cannot be empty for package %s",
                         packageName.c_str());
@@ -860,6 +1096,39 @@
     }
 }
 
+Status CameraService::injectSessionParams(
+            const std::string& cameraId,
+            const CameraMetadata& sessionParams) {
+   if (!checkCallingPermission(toString16(sCameraInjectExternalCameraPermission))) {
+        const int pid = CameraThreadState::getCallingPid();
+        const int uid = CameraThreadState::getCallingUid();
+        ALOGE("%s: Permission Denial: can't inject session params pid=%d, uid=%d",
+                __FUNCTION__, pid, uid);
+        return STATUS_ERROR(ERROR_PERMISSION_DENIED,
+                "Permission Denial: no permission to inject session params");
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<AutoConditionLock> serviceLockWrapper =
+            AutoConditionLock::waitAndAcquire(mServiceLockWrapper);
+
+    auto clientDescriptor = mActiveClientManager.get(cameraId);
+    if (clientDescriptor == nullptr) {
+        ALOGI("%s: No active client for camera id %s", __FUNCTION__, cameraId.c_str());
+        return STATUS_ERROR_FMT(ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION,
+                "No active client for camera id %s", cameraId.c_str());
+    }
+
+    sp<BasicClient> clientSp = clientDescriptor->getValue();
+    status_t res = clientSp->injectSessionParams(sessionParams);
+
+    if (res != OK) {
+        return STATUS_ERROR_FMT(ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION,
+                "Error injecting session params into camera \"%s\": %s (%d)",
+                cameraId.c_str(), strerror(-res), res);
+    }
+    return Status::ok();
+}
+
 std::vector<std::string> CameraService::findOriginalIdsForRemappedCameraId(
     const std::string& inputCameraId, int clientUid) {
     std::string packageName = getPackageNameFromUid(clientUid);
@@ -884,7 +1153,7 @@
     if (packageName.empty()) {
         packageNameVal = getPackageNameFromUid(clientUid);
     }
-   if (clientUid < AID_APP_START || packageNameVal.empty()) {
+    if (clientUid < AID_APP_START || packageNameVal.empty()) {
         // We shouldn't remap cameras for processes with system/vendor UIDs.
         return inputCameraId;
     }
@@ -922,9 +1191,8 @@
         return STATUS_ERROR(ERROR_DISCONNECTED,
                 "Camera subsystem is not available");
     }
-    bool hasSystemCameraPermissions =
-            hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(CameraThreadState::getCallingPid(),
-                    CameraThreadState::getCallingUid());
+    bool hasSystemCameraPermissions = hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(std::to_string(cameraId),
+            CameraThreadState::getCallingPid(), CameraThreadState::getCallingUid());
     int cameraIdBound = mNumberOfCamerasWithoutSystemCamera;
     if (hasSystemCameraPermissions) {
         cameraIdBound = mNumberOfCameras;
@@ -953,13 +1221,12 @@
     const std::vector<std::string> *deviceIds = &mNormalDeviceIdsWithoutSystemCamera;
     auto callingPid = CameraThreadState::getCallingPid();
     auto callingUid = CameraThreadState::getCallingUid();
-    permission::PermissionChecker permissionChecker;
     AttributionSourceState attributionSource{};
     attributionSource.pid = callingPid;
     attributionSource.uid = callingUid;
-    bool checkPermissionForSystemCamera = permissionChecker.checkPermissionForPreflight(
-                toString16(sSystemCameraPermission), attributionSource, String16(),
-                AppOpsManager::OP_NONE) != permission::PermissionChecker::PERMISSION_HARD_DENIED;
+    bool checkPermissionForSystemCamera = checkPermission(std::to_string(cameraIdInt),
+                sSystemCameraPermission, attributionSource, std::string(),
+                AppOpsManager::OP_NONE);
     if (checkPermissionForSystemCamera || getpid() == callingPid) {
         deviceIds = &mNormalDeviceIds;
     }
@@ -1033,13 +1300,11 @@
     // If it's not calling from cameraserver, check the permission only if
     // android.permission.CAMERA is required. If android.permission.SYSTEM_CAMERA was needed,
     // it would've already been checked in shouldRejectSystemCameraConnection.
-    permission::PermissionChecker permissionChecker;
     AttributionSourceState attributionSource{};
     attributionSource.pid = callingPid;
     attributionSource.uid = callingUid;
-    bool checkPermissionForCamera = permissionChecker.checkPermissionForPreflight(
-                toString16(sCameraPermission), attributionSource, String16(),
-                AppOpsManager::OP_NONE) != permission::PermissionChecker::PERMISSION_HARD_DENIED;
+    bool checkPermissionForCamera = checkPermission(cameraId, sCameraPermission,
+            attributionSource, std::string(), AppOpsManager::OP_NONE);
     if ((callingPid != getpid()) &&
             (deviceKind != SystemCameraKind::SYSTEM_ONLY_CAMERA) &&
             !checkPermissionForCamera) {
@@ -1073,7 +1338,7 @@
     ATRACE_CALL();
     Mutex::Autolock l(mServiceLock);
     const std::string cameraId = resolveCameraId(
-            unresolvedCameraId, CameraThreadState::getCallingUid());
+        unresolvedCameraId, CameraThreadState::getCallingUid());
     if (!mInitialized) {
         ALOGE("%s: Camera HAL couldn't be initialized.", __FUNCTION__);
         return STATUS_ERROR(ERROR_DISCONNECTED, "Camera HAL couldn't be initialized.");
@@ -1192,7 +1457,8 @@
         int api1CameraId, int facing, int sensorOrientation, int clientPid, uid_t clientUid,
         int servicePid, std::pair<int, IPCTransport> deviceVersionAndTransport,
         apiLevel effectiveApiLevel, bool overrideForPerfClass, bool overrideToPortrait,
-        bool forceSlowJpegMode, const std::string& originalCameraId, /*out*/sp<BasicClient>* client) {
+        bool forceSlowJpegMode, const std::string& originalCameraId,
+        /*out*/sp<BasicClient>* client) {
     // For HIDL devices
     if (deviceVersionAndTransport.second == IPCTransport::HIDL) {
         // Create CameraClient based on device version reported by the HAL.
@@ -1481,7 +1747,6 @@
 Status CameraService::validateClientPermissionsLocked(const std::string& cameraId,
         const std::string& clientName, int& clientUid, int& clientPid,
         /*out*/int& originalClientPid) const {
-    permission::PermissionChecker permissionChecker;
     AttributionSourceState attributionSource{};
 
     int callingPid = CameraThreadState::getCallingPid();
@@ -1533,9 +1798,8 @@
     attributionSource.pid = clientPid;
     attributionSource.uid = clientUid;
     attributionSource.packageName = clientName;
-    bool checkPermissionForCamera = permissionChecker.checkPermissionForPreflight(
-            toString16(sCameraPermission), attributionSource, String16(), AppOpsManager::OP_NONE)
-            != permission::PermissionChecker::PERMISSION_HARD_DENIED;
+    bool checkPermissionForCamera = checkPermission(cameraId, sCameraPermission, attributionSource,
+            std::string(), AppOpsManager::OP_NONE);
     if (callingPid != getpid() &&
                 (deviceKind != SystemCameraKind::SYSTEM_ONLY_CAMERA) && !checkPermissionForCamera) {
         ALOGE("Permission Denial: can't use the camera pid=%d, uid=%d", clientPid, clientUid);
@@ -1556,8 +1820,12 @@
                 callingUid, procState);
     }
 
-    // If sensor privacy is enabled then prevent access to the camera
-    if (mSensorPrivacyPolicy->isSensorPrivacyEnabled()) {
+    // Automotive privileged client AID_AUTOMOTIVE_EVS using exterior system camera for use cases
+    // such as rear view and surround view cannot be disabled and are exempt from sensor privacy
+    // policy. In all other cases,if sensor privacy is enabled then prevent access to the camera.
+    if ((!isAutomotivePrivilegedClient(callingUid) ||
+            !isAutomotiveExteriorSystemCamera(cameraId)) &&
+            mSensorPrivacyPolicy->isSensorPrivacyEnabled()) {
         ALOGE("Access Denial: cannot use the camera when sensor privacy is enabled");
         return STATUS_ERROR_FMT(ERROR_DISABLED,
                 "Caller \"%s\" (PID %d, UID %d) cannot open camera \"%s\" when sensor privacy "
@@ -1583,6 +1851,20 @@
                 clientUserId, cameraId.c_str());
     }
 
+    if (flags::camera_hsum_permission()) {
+        // If the System User tries to access the camera when the device is running in
+        // headless system user mode, ensure that client has the required permission
+        // CAMERA_HEADLESS_SYSTEM_USER.
+        if (isHeadlessSystemUserMode() && (clientUserId == USER_SYSTEM) &&
+                !hasPermissionsForCameraHeadlessSystemUser(cameraId, callingPid, callingUid)) {
+            ALOGE("Permission Denial: can't use the camera pid=%d, uid=%d", clientPid, clientUid);
+            return STATUS_ERROR_FMT(ERROR_PERMISSION_DENIED,
+                    "Caller \"%s\" (PID %d, UID %d) cannot open camera \"%s\" as Headless System \
+                    User without camera headless system user permission",
+                    clientName.c_str(), clientUid, clientPid, cameraId.c_str());
+        }
+    }
+
     return Status::ok();
 }
 
@@ -1675,33 +1957,6 @@
             }
         }
 
-        // Get current active client PIDs
-        std::vector<int> ownerPids(mActiveClientManager.getAllOwners());
-        ownerPids.push_back(clientPid);
-
-        std::vector<int> priorityScores(ownerPids.size());
-        std::vector<int> states(ownerPids.size());
-
-        // Get priority scores of all active PIDs
-        status_t err = ProcessInfoService::getProcessStatesScoresFromPids(
-                ownerPids.size(), &ownerPids[0], /*out*/&states[0],
-                /*out*/&priorityScores[0]);
-        if (err != OK) {
-            ALOGE("%s: Priority score query failed: %d",
-                  __FUNCTION__, err);
-            return err;
-        }
-
-        // Update all active clients' priorities
-        std::map<int,resource_policy::ClientPriority> pidToPriorityMap;
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < ownerPids.size() - 1; i++) {
-            pidToPriorityMap.emplace(ownerPids[i],
-                    resource_policy::ClientPriority(priorityScores[i], states[i],
-                            /* isVendorClient won't get copied over*/ false,
-                            /* oomScoreOffset won't get copied over*/ 0));
-        }
-        mActiveClientManager.updatePriorities(pidToPriorityMap);
-
         // Get state for the given cameraId
         auto state = getCameraState(cameraId);
         if (state == nullptr) {
@@ -1711,16 +1966,57 @@
             return BAD_VALUE;
         }
 
-        int32_t actualScore = priorityScores[priorityScores.size() - 1];
-        int32_t actualState = states[states.size() - 1];
+        sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
+        sp<IBinder> binder = sm->checkService(String16(kProcessInfoServiceName));
+        if (!binder && isAutomotivePrivilegedClient(CameraThreadState::getCallingUid())) {
+            // If processinfo service is not available and the client is automotive privileged
+            // client used for safety critical uses cases such as rear-view and surround-view which
+            // needs to be available before android boot completes, then use the hardcoded values
+            // for the process state and priority score. As this scenario is before android system
+            // services are up and client is native client, hence using NATIVE_ADJ as the priority
+            // score and state as PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_TOP as such automotive apps need to be
+            // visible on the top.
+            clientDescriptor = CameraClientManager::makeClientDescriptor(cameraId,
+                    sp<BasicClient>{nullptr}, static_cast<int32_t>(state->getCost()),
+                    state->getConflicting(), resource_policy::NATIVE_ADJ, clientPid,
+                    ActivityManager::PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_TOP, oomScoreOffset, systemNativeClient);
+        } else {
+            // Get current active client PIDs
+            std::vector<int> ownerPids(mActiveClientManager.getAllOwners());
+            ownerPids.push_back(clientPid);
 
-        // Make descriptor for incoming client. We store the oomScoreOffset
-        // since we might need it later on new handleEvictionsLocked and
-        // ProcessInfoService would not take that into account.
-        clientDescriptor = CameraClientManager::makeClientDescriptor(cameraId,
-                sp<BasicClient>{nullptr}, static_cast<int32_t>(state->getCost()),
-                state->getConflicting(), actualScore, clientPid, actualState,
-                oomScoreOffset, systemNativeClient);
+            std::vector<int> priorityScores(ownerPids.size());
+            std::vector<int> states(ownerPids.size());
+
+            // Get priority scores of all active PIDs
+            status_t err = ProcessInfoService::getProcessStatesScoresFromPids(ownerPids.size(),
+                    &ownerPids[0], /*out*/&states[0], /*out*/&priorityScores[0]);
+            if (err != OK) {
+                ALOGE("%s: Priority score query failed: %d", __FUNCTION__, err);
+                return err;
+            }
+
+            // Update all active clients' priorities
+            std::map<int,resource_policy::ClientPriority> pidToPriorityMap;
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < ownerPids.size() - 1; i++) {
+                pidToPriorityMap.emplace(ownerPids[i],
+                        resource_policy::ClientPriority(priorityScores[i], states[i],
+                        /* isVendorClient won't get copied over*/ false,
+                        /* oomScoreOffset won't get copied over*/ 0));
+            }
+            mActiveClientManager.updatePriorities(pidToPriorityMap);
+
+            int32_t actualScore = priorityScores[priorityScores.size() - 1];
+            int32_t actualState = states[states.size() - 1];
+
+            // Make descriptor for incoming client. We store the oomScoreOffset
+            // since we might need it later on new handleEvictionsLocked and
+            // ProcessInfoService would not take that into account.
+            clientDescriptor = CameraClientManager::makeClientDescriptor(cameraId,
+                    sp<BasicClient>{nullptr}, static_cast<int32_t>(state->getCost()),
+                    state->getConflicting(), actualScore, clientPid, actualState,
+                    oomScoreOffset, systemNativeClient);
+        }
 
         resource_policy::ClientPriority clientPriority = clientDescriptor->getPriority();
 
@@ -1899,7 +2195,7 @@
     //      have android.permission.SYSTEM_CAMERA permissions.
     if (!isVendorListener && (systemCameraKind == SystemCameraKind::HIDDEN_SECURE_CAMERA ||
             (systemCameraKind == SystemCameraKind::SYSTEM_ONLY_CAMERA &&
-            !hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(clientPid, clientUid)))) {
+            !hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(std::string(), clientPid, clientUid)))) {
         return true;
     }
     return false;
@@ -1939,7 +2235,7 @@
     //     characteristics) even if clients don't have android.permission.CAMERA. We do not want the
     //     same behavior for system camera devices.
     if (!systemClient && systemCameraKind == SystemCameraKind::SYSTEM_ONLY_CAMERA &&
-            !hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(cPid, cUid)) {
+            !hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(cameraId, cPid, cUid)) {
         ALOGW("Rejecting access to system only camera %s, inadequete permissions",
                 cameraId.c_str());
         return true;
@@ -1990,16 +2286,20 @@
         clientUserId = multiuser_get_user_id(callingUid);
     }
 
-    if (mCameraServiceProxyWrapper->isCameraDisabled(clientUserId)) {
+    // Automotive privileged client AID_AUTOMOTIVE_EVS using exterior system camera for use cases
+    // such as rear view and surround view cannot be disabled.
+    if ((!isAutomotivePrivilegedClient(callingUid) || !isAutomotiveExteriorSystemCamera(cameraId))
+            && mCameraServiceProxyWrapper->isCameraDisabled(clientUserId)) {
         std::string msg = "Camera disabled by device policy";
         ALOGE("%s: %s", __FUNCTION__, msg.c_str());
         return STATUS_ERROR(ERROR_DISABLED, msg.c_str());
     }
 
     // enforce system camera permissions
-    if (oomScoreOffset > 0 &&
-            !hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(callingPid, CameraThreadState::getCallingUid()) &&
-            !isTrustedCallingUid(CameraThreadState::getCallingUid())) {
+    if (oomScoreOffset > 0
+            && !hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(cameraId, callingPid,
+                    CameraThreadState::getCallingUid())
+            && !isTrustedCallingUid(CameraThreadState::getCallingUid())) {
         std::string msg = fmt::sprintf("Cannot change the priority of a client %s pid %d for "
                         "camera id %s without SYSTEM_CAMERA permissions",
                         clientPackageNameAdj.c_str(), callingPid, cameraId.c_str());
@@ -2010,10 +2310,10 @@
     ret = connectHelper<hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceCallbacks,CameraDeviceClient>(cameraCb,
             cameraId, /*api1CameraId*/-1, clientPackageNameAdj, systemNativeClient, clientFeatureId,
             clientUid, USE_CALLING_PID, API_2, /*shimUpdateOnly*/ false, oomScoreOffset,
-            targetSdkVersion, overrideToPortrait, /*forceSlowJpegMode*/false,
-            unresolvedCameraId, /*out*/client);
+            targetSdkVersion, overrideToPortrait, /*forceSlowJpegMode*/false, unresolvedCameraId,
+            /*out*/client);
 
-    if (!ret.isOk()) {
+    if(!ret.isOk()) {
         logRejected(cameraId, callingPid, clientPackageNameAdj, toStdString(ret.toString8()));
         return ret;
     }
@@ -2086,6 +2386,8 @@
 
     bool isNonSystemNdk = false;
     std::string clientPackageName;
+    int packageUid = (clientUid == USE_CALLING_UID) ?
+            CameraThreadState::getCallingUid() : clientUid;
     if (clientPackageNameMaybe.size() <= 0) {
         // NDK calls don't come with package names, but we need one for various cases.
         // Generally, there's a 1:1 mapping between UID and package name, but shared UIDs
@@ -2093,8 +2395,6 @@
         // same permissions, so picking any associated package name is sufficient. For some
         // other cases, this may give inaccurate names for clients in logs.
         isNonSystemNdk = true;
-        int packageUid = (clientUid == USE_CALLING_UID) ?
-            CameraThreadState::getCallingUid() : clientUid;
         clientPackageName = getPackageNameFromUid(packageUid);
     } else {
         clientPackageName = clientPackageNameMaybe;
@@ -2291,32 +2591,38 @@
                     clientPackageName));
         }
 
-        // Set camera muting behavior
-        bool isCameraPrivacyEnabled =
-                mSensorPrivacyPolicy->isCameraPrivacyEnabled();
-        if (client->supportsCameraMute()) {
-            client->setCameraMute(
-                    mOverrideCameraMuteMode || isCameraPrivacyEnabled);
-        } else if (isCameraPrivacyEnabled) {
-            // no camera mute supported, but privacy is on! => disconnect
-            ALOGI("Camera mute not supported for package: %s, camera id: %s",
-                    client->getPackageName().c_str(), cameraId.c_str());
-            // Do not hold mServiceLock while disconnecting clients, but
-            // retain the condition blocking other clients from connecting
-            // in mServiceLockWrapper if held.
-            mServiceLock.unlock();
-            // Clear caller identity temporarily so client disconnect PID
-            // checks work correctly
-            int64_t token = CameraThreadState::clearCallingIdentity();
-            // Note AppOp to trigger the "Unblock" dialog
-            client->noteAppOp();
-            client->disconnect();
-            CameraThreadState::restoreCallingIdentity(token);
-            // Reacquire mServiceLock
-            mServiceLock.lock();
+        // Automotive privileged client AID_AUTOMOTIVE_EVS using exterior system camera for use
+        // cases such as rear view and surround view cannot be disabled and are exempt from camera
+        // privacy policy.
+        if ((!isAutomotivePrivilegedClient(packageUid) ||
+                !isAutomotiveExteriorSystemCamera(cameraId))) {
+            // Set camera muting behavior.
+            bool isCameraPrivacyEnabled =
+                    mSensorPrivacyPolicy->isCameraPrivacyEnabled();
+            if (client->supportsCameraMute()) {
+                client->setCameraMute(
+                        mOverrideCameraMuteMode || isCameraPrivacyEnabled);
+            } else if (isCameraPrivacyEnabled) {
+                // no camera mute supported, but privacy is on! => disconnect
+                ALOGI("Camera mute not supported for package: %s, camera id: %s",
+                        client->getPackageName().c_str(), cameraId.c_str());
+                // Do not hold mServiceLock while disconnecting clients, but
+                // retain the condition blocking other clients from connecting
+                // in mServiceLockWrapper if held.
+                mServiceLock.unlock();
+                // Clear caller identity temporarily so client disconnect PID
+                // checks work correctly
+                int64_t token = CameraThreadState::clearCallingIdentity();
+                // Note AppOp to trigger the "Unblock" dialog
+                client->noteAppOp();
+                client->disconnect();
+                CameraThreadState::restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+                // Reacquire mServiceLock
+                mServiceLock.lock();
 
-            return STATUS_ERROR_FMT(ERROR_DISABLED,
-                    "Camera \"%s\" disabled due to camera mute", cameraId.c_str());
+                return STATUS_ERROR_FMT(ERROR_DISABLED,
+                        "Camera \"%s\" disabled due to camera mute", cameraId.c_str());
+            }
         }
 
         if (shimUpdateOnly) {
@@ -2453,8 +2759,7 @@
 }
 
 Status CameraService::turnOnTorchWithStrengthLevel(const std::string& unresolvedCameraId,
-        int32_t torchStrength,
-        const sp<IBinder>& clientBinder) {
+        int32_t torchStrength, const sp<IBinder>& clientBinder) {
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mServiceLock);
 
     ATRACE_CALL();
@@ -2581,8 +2886,7 @@
     return Status::ok();
 }
 
-Status CameraService::setTorchMode(const std::string& unresolvedCameraId,
-        bool enabled,
+Status CameraService::setTorchMode(const std::string& unresolvedCameraId, bool enabled,
         const sp<IBinder>& clientBinder) {
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mServiceLock);
 
@@ -2908,6 +3212,22 @@
     return Status::ok();
 }
 
+bool CameraService::hasCameraPermissions() const {
+    int callingPid = CameraThreadState::getCallingPid();
+    int callingUid = CameraThreadState::getCallingUid();
+    AttributionSourceState attributionSource{};
+    attributionSource.pid = callingPid;
+    attributionSource.uid = callingUid;
+    bool res = checkPermission(std::string(), sCameraPermission,
+            attributionSource, std::string(), AppOpsManager::OP_NONE);
+
+    bool hasPermission = ((callingPid == getpid()) || res);
+    if (!hasPermission) {
+        ALOGE("%s: pid %d doesn't have camera permissions", __FUNCTION__, callingPid);
+    }
+    return hasPermission;
+}
+
 Status CameraService::isConcurrentSessionConfigurationSupported(
         const std::vector<CameraIdAndSessionConfiguration>& cameraIdsAndSessionConfigurations,
         int targetSdkVersion, /*out*/bool* isSupported) {
@@ -2923,17 +3243,7 @@
     }
 
     // Check for camera permissions
-    int callingPid = CameraThreadState::getCallingPid();
-    int callingUid = CameraThreadState::getCallingUid();
-    permission::PermissionChecker permissionChecker;
-    AttributionSourceState attributionSource{};
-    attributionSource.pid = callingPid;
-    attributionSource.uid = callingUid;
-    bool checkPermissionForCamera = permissionChecker.checkPermissionForPreflight(
-                toString16(sCameraPermission), attributionSource, String16(),
-                AppOpsManager::OP_NONE) != permission::PermissionChecker::PERMISSION_HARD_DENIED;
-    if ((callingPid != getpid()) && !checkPermissionForCamera) {
-        ALOGE("%s: pid %d doesn't have camera permissions", __FUNCTION__, callingPid);
+    if (!hasCameraPermissions()) {
         return STATUS_ERROR(ERROR_PERMISSION_DENIED,
                 "android.permission.CAMERA needed to call"
                 "isConcurrentSessionConfigurationSupported");
@@ -2979,13 +3289,13 @@
 
     auto clientUid = CameraThreadState::getCallingUid();
     auto clientPid = CameraThreadState::getCallingPid();
-    permission::PermissionChecker permissionChecker;
     AttributionSourceState attributionSource{};
     attributionSource.uid = clientUid;
     attributionSource.pid = clientPid;
-    bool openCloseCallbackAllowed = permissionChecker.checkPermissionForPreflight(
-            toString16(sCameraOpenCloseListenerPermission), attributionSource, String16(),
-            AppOpsManager::OP_NONE) != permission::PermissionChecker::PERMISSION_HARD_DENIED;
+
+   bool openCloseCallbackAllowed = checkPermission(std::string(),
+            sCameraOpenCloseListenerPermission, attributionSource, std::string(),
+            AppOpsManager::OP_NONE);
 
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mServiceLock);
 
@@ -5123,6 +5433,7 @@
     state->updateStatus(status, cameraId, rejectSourceStates, [this, &deviceKind,
                         &logicalCameraIds]
             (const std::string& cameraId, StatusInternal status) {
+
             if (status != StatusInternal::ENUMERATING) {
                 // Update torch status if it has a flash unit.
                 Mutex::Autolock al(mTorchStatusMutex);
@@ -6019,8 +6330,10 @@
         "  clear-stream-use-case-override clear the stream use case override\n"
         "  set-zoom-override <-1/0/1> enable or disable zoom override\n"
         "      Valid values -1: do not override, 0: override to OFF, 1: override to ZOOM\n"
-        "  remap-camera-id <PACKAGE> <Id0> <Id1> remaps camera ids. Must use adb root\n"
+        "  set-watchdog <VALUE> enables or disables the camera service watchdog\n"
+        "      Valid values 0=disable, 1=enable\n"
         "  watch <start|stop|dump|print|clear> manages tag monitoring in connected clients\n"
+        "  remap-camera-id <PACKAGE> <Id0> <Id1> remaps camera ids. Must use adb root\n"
         "  help print this message\n");
 }
 
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.h
index 72831d5..1487013 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef ANDROID_SERVERS_CAMERA_CAMERASERVICE_H
 #define ANDROID_SERVERS_CAMERA_CAMERASERVICE_H
 
+#include <android/content/AttributionSourceState.h>
 #include <android/hardware/BnCameraService.h>
 #include <android/hardware/BnSensorPrivacyListener.h>
 #include <android/hardware/ICameraServiceListener.h>
@@ -103,6 +104,9 @@
     // Event log ID
     static const int SN_EVENT_LOG_ID = 0x534e4554;
 
+    // Keep this in sync with frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/UserHandle.java
+    static const userid_t USER_SYSTEM = 0;
+
     // Register camera service
     static void instantiate();
 
@@ -228,7 +232,21 @@
             const hardware::CameraExtensionSessionStats& stats, std::string* sessionKey /*out*/);
 
     virtual binder::Status remapCameraIds(const hardware::CameraIdRemapping&
-        cameraIdRemapping);
+            cameraIdRemapping);
+
+    virtual binder::Status injectSessionParams(
+            const std::string& cameraId,
+            const hardware::camera2::impl::CameraMetadataNative& sessionParams);
+
+    virtual binder::Status createDefaultRequest(const std::string& cameraId, int templateId,
+            /*out*/
+            hardware::camera2::impl::CameraMetadataNative* request);
+
+    virtual binder::Status isSessionConfigurationWithParametersSupported(
+            const std::string& cameraId,
+            const SessionConfiguration& sessionConfiguration,
+            /*out*/
+            bool* supported);
 
     // Extra permissions checks
     virtual status_t    onTransact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data,
@@ -398,6 +416,10 @@
         // Stop the injection camera and restore to internal camera session.
         virtual status_t stopInjection() = 0;
 
+        // Inject session parameters into an existing session.
+        virtual status_t injectSessionParams(
+                const hardware::camera2::impl::CameraMetadataNative& sessionParams) = 0;
+
     protected:
         BasicClient(const sp<CameraService>& cameraService,
                 const sp<IBinder>& remoteCallback,
@@ -617,6 +639,13 @@
     int32_t updateAudioRestrictionLocked();
 
 private:
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the device is an automotive device and cameraId is system
+     * only camera which has characteristic AUTOMOTIVE_LOCATION value as either
+     * AUTOMOTIVE_LOCATION_EXTERIOR_LEFT,AUTOMOTIVE_LOCATION_EXTERIOR_RIGHT,
+     * AUTOMOTIVE_LOCATION_EXTERIOR_FRONT or AUTOMOTIVE_LOCATION_EXTERIOR_REAR.
+     */
+    bool isAutomotiveExteriorSystemCamera(const std::string& cameraId) const;
 
     // TODO: b/263304156 update this to make use of a death callback for more
     // robust/fault tolerant logging
@@ -633,6 +662,26 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Pre-grants the permission if the attribution source uid is for an automotive
+     * privileged client. Otherwise uses system service permission checker to check
+     * for the appropriate permission. If this function is called for accessing a specific
+     * camera,then the cameraID must not be empty. CameraId is used only in case of automotive
+     * privileged client so that permission is pre-granted only to access system camera device
+     * which is located outside of the vehicle body frame because camera located inside the vehicle
+     * cabin would need user permission.
+     */
+    bool checkPermission(const std::string& cameraId, const std::string& permission,
+            const content::AttributionSourceState& attributionSource, const std::string& message,
+            int32_t attributedOpCode) const;
+
+    bool hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(const std::string& cameraId, int callingPid, int callingUid)
+            const;
+
+    bool hasPermissionsForCameraHeadlessSystemUser(const std::string& cameraId, int callingPid,
+            int callingUid) const;
+
+    bool hasCameraPermissions() const;
+   /**
      * Typesafe version of device status, containing both the HAL-layer and the service interface-
      * layer values.
      */
@@ -894,7 +943,7 @@
     // Should a device status update be skipped for a particular camera device ? (this can happen
     // under various conditions. For example if a camera device is advertised as
     // system only or hidden secure camera, amongst possible others.
-    static bool shouldSkipStatusUpdates(SystemCameraKind systemCameraKind, bool isVendorListener,
+    bool shouldSkipStatusUpdates(SystemCameraKind systemCameraKind, bool isVendorListener,
             int clientPid, int clientUid);
 
     // Gets the kind of camera device (i.e public, hidden secure or system only)
@@ -1423,11 +1472,11 @@
      */
     static std::string getFormattedCurrentTime();
 
-    static binder::Status makeClient(
-            const sp<CameraService>& cameraService, const sp<IInterface>& cameraCb,
-            const std::string& packageName, bool systemNativeClient,
-            const std::optional<std::string>& featureId, const std::string& cameraId, int api1CameraId,
-            int facing, int sensorOrientation, int clientPid, uid_t clientUid, int servicePid,
+    static binder::Status makeClient(const sp<CameraService>& cameraService,
+            const sp<IInterface>& cameraCb, const std::string& packageName,
+            bool systemNativeClient, const std::optional<std::string>& featureId,
+            const std::string& cameraId, int api1CameraId, int facing, int sensorOrientation,
+            int clientPid, uid_t clientUid, int servicePid,
             std::pair<int, IPCTransport> deviceVersionAndIPCTransport, apiLevel effectiveApiLevel,
             bool overrideForPerfClass, bool overrideToPortrait, bool forceSlowJpegMode,
             const std::string& originalCameraId,
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraServiceWatchdog.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraServiceWatchdog.h
index 9f25865..afc432d 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraServiceWatchdog.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraServiceWatchdog.h
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
         watchThread([&]() { return toMonitor;}, gettid(), __FUNCTION__, cycles, cycleLength);
 
 // Default cycles and cycle length values used to calculate permitted elapsed time
-const static size_t   kMaxCycles     = 100;
+const static size_t   kMaxCycles     = 650;
 const static uint32_t kCycleLengthMs = 100;
 
 namespace android {
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/AidlCameraDeviceUser.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/AidlCameraDeviceUser.cpp
index 954cb8b..9e6a925 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/AidlCameraDeviceUser.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/AidlCameraDeviceUser.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <aidl/AidlUtils.h>
 #include <aidl/android/frameworks/cameraservice/device/CaptureMetadataInfo.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <utils/Utils.h>
 
 namespace android::frameworks::cameraservice::device::implementation {
 
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@
 AidlCameraDeviceUser::AidlCameraDeviceUser(const sp<UICameraDeviceUser>& deviceRemote):
       mDeviceRemote(deviceRemote) {
     mInitSuccess = initDevice();
-    mVndkVersion = base::GetIntProperty("ro.vndk.version", __ANDROID_API_FUTURE__);
+    mVndkVersion = getVNDKVersionFromProp(__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__);
 }
 
 bool AidlCameraDeviceUser::initDevice() {
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/AidlCameraService.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/AidlCameraService.cpp
index 8cd7d1f..79dbfed 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/AidlCameraService.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/AidlCameraService.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <android/binder_manager.h>
 #include <binder/Status.h>
 #include <hidl/HidlTransportSupport.h>
+#include <utils/Utils.h>
 
 namespace android::frameworks::cameraservice::service::implementation {
 
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@
 
 AidlCameraService::AidlCameraService(::android::CameraService* cameraService):
       mCameraService(cameraService) {
-    mVndkVersion = base::GetIntProperty("ro.vndk.version", __ANDROID_API_FUTURE__);
+    mVndkVersion = getVNDKVersionFromProp(__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__);
 }
 ScopedAStatus AidlCameraService::getCameraCharacteristics(const std::string& in_cameraId,
                                                           SCameraMetadata* _aidl_return) {
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/AidlUtils.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/AidlUtils.cpp
index 2225cfe..f2d1414 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/AidlUtils.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/AidlUtils.cpp
@@ -73,24 +73,49 @@
 
 UOutputConfiguration convertFromAidl(const SOutputConfiguration &src) {
     std::vector<sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>> iGBPs;
-    auto &windowHandles = src.windowHandles;
-    iGBPs.reserve(windowHandles.size());
+    if (!src.surfaces.empty()) {
+        auto& surfaces = src.surfaces;
+        iGBPs.reserve(surfaces.size());
 
-    for (auto &handle : windowHandles) {
-        native_handle_t* nh = makeFromAidl(handle);
-        auto igbp = AImageReader_getHGBPFromHandle(nh);
-        if (igbp == nullptr) {
-            ALOGE("%s: Could not get HGBP from NativeHandle: %s. Skipping.",
-                    __FUNCTION__, handle.toString().c_str());
-            continue;
+        for (auto& sSurface : surfaces) {
+            sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> igbp =
+                    Surface::getIGraphicBufferProducer(sSurface.get());
+            if (igbp == nullptr) {
+                ALOGE("%s: ANativeWindow (%p) not backed by a Surface.",
+                      __FUNCTION__, sSurface.get());
+                continue;
+            }
+            iGBPs.push_back(igbp);
         }
-        iGBPs.push_back(new H2BGraphicBufferProducer(igbp));
-        native_handle_delete(nh);
+    } else {
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+        // HIDL token manager (and consequently 'windowHandles') is deprecated and will be removed
+        // in the future. However, cameraservice must still support old NativeHandle pathway until
+        // all vendors have moved away from using NativeHandles
+        auto &windowHandles = src.windowHandles;
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+        iGBPs.reserve(windowHandles.size());
+
+        for (auto &handle : windowHandles) {
+            native_handle_t* nh = makeFromAidl(handle);
+            auto igbp = AImageReader_getHGBPFromHandle(nh);
+            if (igbp == nullptr) {
+                ALOGE("%s: Could not get HGBP from NativeHandle: %s. Skipping.",
+                        __FUNCTION__, handle.toString().c_str());
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            iGBPs.push_back(new H2BGraphicBufferProducer(igbp));
+            native_handle_delete(nh);
+        }
     }
+
     UOutputConfiguration outputConfiguration(
         iGBPs, convertFromAidl(src.rotation), src.physicalCameraId,
         src.windowGroupId, OutputConfiguration::SURFACE_TYPE_UNKNOWN, 0, 0,
-        (windowHandles.size() > 1));
+        (iGBPs.size() > 1));
     return outputConfiguration;
 }
 
@@ -285,8 +310,8 @@
 
 status_t filterVndkKeys(int vndkVersion, CameraMetadata &metadata, bool isStatic) {
     if (vndkVersion == __ANDROID_API_FUTURE__) {
-        // VNDK version in ro.vndk.version is a version code-name that
-        // corresponds to the current version.
+        // VNDK version derived from ro.board.api_level is a version code-name that
+        // corresponds to the current SDK version.
         return OK;
     }
     const auto &apiLevelToKeys =
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/VndkVersionMetadataTags.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/VndkVersionMetadataTags.h
index 48c804d..e403b97 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/VndkVersionMetadataTags.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/aidl/VndkVersionMetadataTags.h
@@ -77,6 +77,11 @@
       {34, {
           ANDROID_CONTROL_AUTOFRAMING_AVAILABLE,
           ANDROID_CONTROL_AVAILABLE_SETTINGS_OVERRIDES,
+          ANDROID_CONTROL_LOW_LIGHT_BOOST_INFO_LUMINANCE_RANGE,
+          ANDROID_FLASH_SINGLE_STRENGTH_DEFAULT_LEVEL,
+          ANDROID_FLASH_SINGLE_STRENGTH_MAX_LEVEL,
+          ANDROID_FLASH_TORCH_STRENGTH_DEFAULT_LEVEL,
+          ANDROID_FLASH_TORCH_STRENGTH_MAX_LEVEL,
           ANDROID_JPEGR_AVAILABLE_JPEG_R_MIN_FRAME_DURATIONS,
           ANDROID_JPEGR_AVAILABLE_JPEG_R_MIN_FRAME_DURATIONS_MAXIMUM_RESOLUTION,
           ANDROID_JPEGR_AVAILABLE_JPEG_R_STALL_DURATIONS,
@@ -104,10 +109,15 @@
       {34, {
           ANDROID_CONTROL_AUTOFRAMING,
           ANDROID_CONTROL_AUTOFRAMING_STATE,
+          ANDROID_CONTROL_LOW_LIGHT_BOOST_STATE,
           ANDROID_CONTROL_SETTINGS_OVERRIDE,
           ANDROID_CONTROL_SETTINGS_OVERRIDING_FRAME_NUMBER,
           ANDROID_EXTENSION_CURRENT_TYPE,
           ANDROID_EXTENSION_STRENGTH,
+          ANDROID_FLASH_STRENGTH_LEVEL,
+          ANDROID_LOGICAL_MULTI_CAMERA_ACTIVE_PHYSICAL_SENSOR_CROP_REGION,
           ANDROID_SCALER_RAW_CROP_REGION,
+          ANDROID_STATISTICS_LENS_INTRINSIC_SAMPLES,
+          ANDROID_STATISTICS_LENS_INTRINSIC_TIMESTAMPS,
         }  },
 };
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraDeviceClient.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraDeviceClient.cpp
index 702d476..3488629 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraDeviceClient.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraDeviceClient.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_CAMERA
 //#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
 
+#include <com_android_internal_camera_flags.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include <utils/CameraThreadState.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
@@ -55,6 +56,8 @@
 using namespace camera3;
 using camera3::camera_stream_rotation_t::CAMERA_STREAM_ROTATION_0;
 
+namespace flags = com::android::internal::camera::flags;
+
 CameraDeviceClientBase::CameraDeviceClientBase(
         const sp<CameraService>& cameraService,
         const sp<hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceCallbacks>& remoteCallback,
@@ -439,7 +442,7 @@
 
         CameraDeviceBase::PhysicalCameraSettingsList physicalSettingsList;
         for (const auto& it : request.mPhysicalCameraSettings) {
-            std::string resolvedId = (mOriginalCameraId == it.id) ? mDevice->getId() : it.id;
+            const std::string resolvedId = (mOriginalCameraId == it.id) ? mDevice->getId() : it.id;
             if (it.settings.isEmpty()) {
                 ALOGE("%s: Camera %s: Sent empty metadata packet. Rejecting request.",
                         __FUNCTION__, mCameraIdStr.c_str());
@@ -465,18 +468,19 @@
                 }
             }
 
+            const std::string &physicalId = resolvedId;
             bool hasTestPatternModePhysicalKey = std::find(mSupportedPhysicalRequestKeys.begin(),
                     mSupportedPhysicalRequestKeys.end(), ANDROID_SENSOR_TEST_PATTERN_MODE) !=
                     mSupportedPhysicalRequestKeys.end();
             bool hasTestPatternDataPhysicalKey = std::find(mSupportedPhysicalRequestKeys.begin(),
                     mSupportedPhysicalRequestKeys.end(), ANDROID_SENSOR_TEST_PATTERN_DATA) !=
                     mSupportedPhysicalRequestKeys.end();
-            if (resolvedId != mDevice->getId()) {
+            if (physicalId != mDevice->getId()) {
                 auto found = std::find(requestedPhysicalIds.begin(), requestedPhysicalIds.end(),
                         resolvedId);
                 if (found == requestedPhysicalIds.end()) {
                     ALOGE("%s: Camera %s: Physical camera id: %s not part of attached outputs.",
-                            __FUNCTION__, mCameraIdStr.c_str(), resolvedId.c_str());
+                            __FUNCTION__, mCameraIdStr.c_str(), physicalId.c_str());
                     return STATUS_ERROR(CameraService::ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
                             "Invalid physical camera id");
                 }
@@ -538,6 +542,21 @@
         if (entry.count == 1) {
             mVideoStabilizationMode = entry.data.u8[0];
         }
+        if (flags::log_ultrawide_usage()) {
+            entry = physicalSettingsList.begin()->metadata.find(
+                    ANDROID_CONTROL_ZOOM_RATIO);
+            if (entry.count == 1 && entry.data.f[0] < 1.0f ) {
+                mUsedUltraWide = true;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!mUsedSettingsOverrideZoom && flags::log_zoom_override_usage()) {
+            entry = physicalSettingsList.begin()->metadata.find(
+                    ANDROID_CONTROL_SETTINGS_OVERRIDE);
+            if (entry.count == 1 && entry.data.i32[0] ==
+                    ANDROID_CONTROL_SETTINGS_OVERRIDE_ZOOM) {
+                mUsedSettingsOverrideZoom = true;
+            }
+        }
     }
     mRequestIdCounter++;
 
@@ -723,13 +742,6 @@
         return STATUS_ERROR(CameraService::ERROR_DISCONNECTED, "Camera device no longer alive");
     }
 
-    auto operatingMode = sessionConfiguration.getOperatingMode();
-    res = SessionConfigurationUtils::checkOperatingMode(operatingMode, mDevice->info(),
-            mCameraIdStr);
-    if (!res.isOk()) {
-        return res;
-    }
-
     if (status == nullptr) {
         std::string msg = fmt::sprintf( "Camera %s: Invalid status!", mCameraIdStr.c_str());
         ALOGE("%s: %s", __FUNCTION__, msg.c_str());
@@ -737,11 +749,9 @@
     }
 
     *status = false;
-    camera3::metadataGetter getMetadata = [this](const std::string &id,
-            bool /*overrideForPerfClass*/) {
-          return mDevice->infoPhysical(id);};
     ret = mProviderManager->isSessionConfigurationSupported(mCameraIdStr.c_str(),
-            sessionConfiguration, mOverrideForPerfClass, getMetadata, status);
+            sessionConfiguration, mOverrideForPerfClass, /*checkSessionParams*/false,
+            status);
     switch (ret) {
         case OK:
             // Expected, do nothing.
@@ -767,6 +777,60 @@
     return res;
 }
 
+binder::Status CameraDeviceClient::getSessionCharacteristics(
+        const SessionConfiguration& sessionConfiguration,
+        /*out*/
+        hardware::camera2::impl::CameraMetadataNative* sessionCharacteristics) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    binder::Status res;
+    status_t ret = OK;
+    if (!(res = checkPidStatus(__FUNCTION__)).isOk()) return res;
+
+    Mutex::Autolock icl(mBinderSerializationLock);
+
+    if (!mDevice.get()) {
+        return STATUS_ERROR(CameraService::ERROR_DISCONNECTED, "Camera device no longer alive");
+    }
+
+    auto operatingMode = sessionConfiguration.getOperatingMode();
+    res = SessionConfigurationUtils::checkOperatingMode(operatingMode, mDevice->info(),
+            mCameraIdStr);
+    if (!res.isOk()) {
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    camera3::metadataGetter getMetadata = [this](const std::string &id,
+            bool /*overrideForPerfClass*/) {
+          return mDevice->infoPhysical(id);};
+    ret = mProviderManager->getSessionCharacteristics(mCameraIdStr.c_str(),
+            sessionConfiguration, mOverrideForPerfClass, getMetadata,
+            sessionCharacteristics);
+
+    switch (ret) {
+        case OK:
+            // Expected, do nothing.
+            break;
+        case INVALID_OPERATION: {
+                std::string msg = fmt::sprintf(
+                        "Camera %s: Session characteristics query not supported!",
+                        mCameraIdStr.c_str());
+                ALOGD("%s: %s", __FUNCTION__, msg.c_str());
+                res = STATUS_ERROR(CameraService::ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION, msg.c_str());
+            }
+
+            break;
+        default: {
+                std::string msg = fmt::sprintf( "Camera %s: Error: %s (%d)", mCameraIdStr.c_str(),
+                        strerror(-ret), ret);
+                ALOGE("%s: %s", __FUNCTION__, msg.c_str());
+                res = STATUS_ERROR(CameraService::ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
+                        msg.c_str());
+            }
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
 binder::Status CameraDeviceClient::deleteStream(int streamId) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     ALOGV("%s (streamId = 0x%x)", __FUNCTION__, streamId);
@@ -1378,7 +1442,9 @@
 
     status_t err;
     camera_request_template_t tempId = camera_request_template_t::CAMERA_TEMPLATE_COUNT;
-    if (!(res = mapRequestTemplate(templateId, &tempId)).isOk()) return res;
+    res = SessionConfigurationUtils::mapRequestTemplateFromClient(
+            mCameraIdStr, templateId, &tempId);
+    if (!res.isOk()) return res;
 
     CameraMetadata metadata;
     if ( (err = mDevice->createDefaultRequest(tempId, &metadata) ) == OK &&
@@ -2051,7 +2117,8 @@
         }
     }
     Camera2ClientBase::notifyIdleWithUserTag(requestCount, resultErrorCount, deviceError,
-            fullStreamStats, mUserTag, mVideoStabilizationMode);
+            fullStreamStats, mUserTag, mVideoStabilizationMode, mUsedUltraWide,
+            mUsedSettingsOverrideZoom);
 }
 
 void CameraDeviceClient::notifyShutter(const CaptureResultExtras& resultExtras,
@@ -2226,44 +2293,6 @@
     return CameraUtils::getRotationTransform(staticInfo, mirrorMode, transform);
 }
 
-binder::Status CameraDeviceClient::mapRequestTemplate(int templateId,
-        camera_request_template_t* tempId /*out*/) {
-    binder::Status ret = binder::Status::ok();
-
-    if (tempId == nullptr) {
-        ret = STATUS_ERROR_FMT(CameraService::ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
-                "Camera %s: Invalid template argument", mCameraIdStr.c_str());
-        return ret;
-    }
-    switch(templateId) {
-        case ICameraDeviceUser::TEMPLATE_PREVIEW:
-            *tempId = camera_request_template_t::CAMERA_TEMPLATE_PREVIEW;
-            break;
-        case ICameraDeviceUser::TEMPLATE_RECORD:
-            *tempId = camera_request_template_t::CAMERA_TEMPLATE_VIDEO_RECORD;
-            break;
-        case ICameraDeviceUser::TEMPLATE_STILL_CAPTURE:
-            *tempId = camera_request_template_t::CAMERA_TEMPLATE_STILL_CAPTURE;
-            break;
-        case ICameraDeviceUser::TEMPLATE_VIDEO_SNAPSHOT:
-            *tempId = camera_request_template_t::CAMERA_TEMPLATE_VIDEO_SNAPSHOT;
-            break;
-        case ICameraDeviceUser::TEMPLATE_ZERO_SHUTTER_LAG:
-            *tempId = camera_request_template_t::CAMERA_TEMPLATE_ZERO_SHUTTER_LAG;
-            break;
-        case ICameraDeviceUser::TEMPLATE_MANUAL:
-            *tempId = camera_request_template_t::CAMERA_TEMPLATE_MANUAL;
-            break;
-        default:
-            ret = STATUS_ERROR_FMT(CameraService::ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
-                    "Camera %s: Template ID %d is invalid or not supported",
-                    mCameraIdStr.c_str(), templateId);
-            return ret;
-    }
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
 const CameraMetadata &CameraDeviceClient::getStaticInfo(const std::string &cameraId) {
     if (mDevice->getId() == cameraId) {
         return mDevice->info();
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraDeviceClient.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraDeviceClient.h
index 1c19dbd..c2f7f56 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraDeviceClient.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraDeviceClient.h
@@ -109,6 +109,11 @@
             /*out*/
             bool* streamStatus) override;
 
+    virtual binder::Status getSessionCharacteristics(
+            const SessionConfiguration& sessionConfiguration,
+            /*out*/
+            hardware::camera2::impl::CameraMetadataNative* sessionCharacteristics) override;
+
     // Returns -EBUSY if device is not idle or in error state
     virtual binder::Status deleteStream(int streamId) override;
 
@@ -312,10 +317,6 @@
             /*out*/SurfaceMap* surfaceMap, /*out*/Vector<int32_t>* streamIds,
             /*out*/int32_t*  currentStreamId);
 
-    // Utility method that maps AIDL request templates.
-    binder::Status mapRequestTemplate(int templateId,
-            camera_request_template_t* tempId /*out*/);
-
     // IGraphicsBufferProducer binder -> Stream ID + Surface ID for output streams
     KeyedVector<sp<IBinder>, StreamSurfaceId> mStreamMap;
 
@@ -370,9 +371,13 @@
     std::string mUserTag;
     // The last set video stabilization mode
     int mVideoStabilizationMode = -1;
+    // Whether a zoom_ratio < 1.0 has been used during this session
+    bool mUsedUltraWide = false;
+    // Whether a zoom settings override has been used during this session
+    bool mUsedSettingsOverrideZoom = false;
 
     // This only exists in case of camera ID Remapping.
-    std::string mOriginalCameraId;
+    const std::string mOriginalCameraId;
 };
 
 }; // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraOfflineSessionClient.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraOfflineSessionClient.cpp
index 4ed352d..dc9e0c1 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraOfflineSessionClient.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraOfflineSessionClient.cpp
@@ -383,5 +383,12 @@
     return OK;
 }
 
+status_t CameraOfflineSessionClient::injectSessionParams(
+        const hardware::camera2::impl::CameraMetadataNative& sessionParams) {
+    ALOGV("%s: This client doesn't support the injecting session parameters camera.",
+            __FUNCTION__);
+    (void)sessionParams;
+    return OK;
+}
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 }; // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraOfflineSessionClient.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraOfflineSessionClient.h
index 8aad4e9..804498f 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraOfflineSessionClient.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api2/CameraOfflineSessionClient.h
@@ -120,6 +120,8 @@
     status_t injectCamera(const std::string& injectedCamId,
             sp<CameraProviderManager> manager) override;
     status_t stopInjection() override;
+    status_t injectSessionParams(
+        const hardware::camera2::impl::CameraMetadataNative& sessionParams) override;
 
 private:
     mutable Mutex mBinderSerializationLock;
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/Camera2ClientBase.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/Camera2ClientBase.cpp
index 43eb181..a126f61 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/Camera2ClientBase.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/Camera2ClientBase.cpp
@@ -157,16 +157,6 @@
         return res;
     }
 
-    /** Start watchdog thread */
-    mCameraServiceWatchdog = new CameraServiceWatchdog(TClientBase::mCameraIdStr,
-            mCameraServiceProxyWrapper);
-    res = mCameraServiceWatchdog->run("Camera2ClientBaseWatchdog");
-    if (res != OK) {
-        ALOGE("%s: Unable to start camera service watchdog thread: %s (%d)",
-                __FUNCTION__, strerror(-res), res);
-        return res;
-    }
-
     return OK;
 }
 
@@ -178,11 +168,6 @@
 
     disconnect();
 
-    if (mCameraServiceWatchdog != NULL) {
-        mCameraServiceWatchdog->requestExit();
-        mCameraServiceWatchdog.clear();
-    }
-
     ALOGI("%s: Client object's dtor for Camera Id %s completed. Client was: %s (PID %d, UID %u)",
             __FUNCTION__, TClientBase::mCameraIdStr.c_str(),
             TClientBase::mClientPackageName.c_str(),
@@ -268,17 +253,7 @@
 
 template <typename TClientBase>
 binder::Status Camera2ClientBase<TClientBase>::disconnect() {
-    if (mCameraServiceWatchdog != nullptr && mDevice != nullptr) {
-        // Timer for the disconnect call should be greater than getExpectedInFlightDuration
-        // since this duration is used to error handle methods in the disconnect sequence
-        // thus allowing existing error handling methods to execute first
-        uint64_t maxExpectedDuration =
-                ns2ms(mDevice->getExpectedInFlightDuration() + kBufferTimeDisconnectNs);
 
-        // Initialization from hal succeeded, time disconnect.
-        return mCameraServiceWatchdog->WATCH_CUSTOM_TIMER(disconnectImpl(),
-                maxExpectedDuration / kCycleLengthMs, kCycleLengthMs);
-    }
     return disconnectImpl();
 }
 
@@ -403,7 +378,8 @@
 void Camera2ClientBase<TClientBase>::notifyIdleWithUserTag(
         int64_t requestCount, int64_t resultErrorCount, bool deviceError,
         const std::vector<hardware::CameraStreamStats>& streamStats,
-        const std::string& userTag, int videoStabilizationMode) {
+        const std::string& userTag, int videoStabilizationMode, bool usedUltraWide,
+        bool usedZoomOverride) {
     if (mDeviceActive) {
         status_t res = TClientBase::finishCameraStreamingOps();
         if (res != OK) {
@@ -412,7 +388,7 @@
         }
         mCameraServiceProxyWrapper->logIdle(TClientBase::mCameraIdStr,
                 requestCount, resultErrorCount, deviceError, userTag, videoStabilizationMode,
-                streamStats);
+                usedUltraWide, usedZoomOverride, streamStats);
     }
     mDeviceActive = false;
 
@@ -533,6 +509,12 @@
     return mDevice->stopInjection();
 }
 
+template <typename TClientBase>
+status_t Camera2ClientBase<TClientBase>::injectSessionParams(
+    const CameraMetadata& sessionParams) {
+    return mDevice->injectSessionParams(sessionParams);
+}
+
 template class Camera2ClientBase<CameraService::Client>;
 template class Camera2ClientBase<CameraDeviceClientBase>;
 
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/Camera2ClientBase.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/Camera2ClientBase.h
index 30c763d..2bb90d9 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/Camera2ClientBase.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/Camera2ClientBase.h
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #define ANDROID_SERVERS_CAMERA_CAMERA2CLIENT_BASE_H
 
 #include "common/CameraDeviceBase.h"
+#include "camera/CameraMetadata.h"
 #include "camera/CaptureResult.h"
 #include "utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.h"
 #include "CameraServiceWatchdog.h"
@@ -97,7 +98,8 @@
     void                  notifyIdleWithUserTag(int64_t requestCount, int64_t resultErrorCount,
                                      bool deviceError,
                                      const std::vector<hardware::CameraStreamStats>& streamStats,
-                                     const std::string& userTag, int videoStabilizationMode);
+                                     const std::string& userTag, int videoStabilizationMode,
+                                     bool usedUltraWide, bool usedZoomOverride);
 
     int                   getCameraId() const;
     const sp<CameraDeviceBase>&
@@ -135,10 +137,9 @@
                                sp<CameraProviderManager> manager) override;
     status_t      stopInjection() override;
 
-protected:
+    status_t      injectSessionParams(const CameraMetadata& sessionParams) override;
 
-    // Used for watchdog timeout to monitor disconnect
-    static const nsecs_t kBufferTimeDisconnectNs = 3000000000; // 3 sec.
+protected:
 
     // The PID provided in the constructor call
     pid_t mInitialClientPid;
@@ -186,9 +187,6 @@
 
     binder::Status disconnectImpl();
 
-    // Watchdog thread
-    sp<CameraServiceWatchdog> mCameraServiceWatchdog;
-
 };
 
 }; // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/CameraDeviceBase.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/CameraDeviceBase.h
index 01199af..cfc41c3 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/CameraDeviceBase.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/CameraDeviceBase.h
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include "binder/Status.h"
 #include "FrameProducer.h"
 #include "utils/IPCTransport.h"
+#include "utils/SessionConfigurationUtils.h"
 
 #include "CameraOfflineSessionBase.h"
 
@@ -42,17 +43,6 @@
 
 namespace camera3 {
 
-typedef enum camera_request_template {
-    CAMERA_TEMPLATE_PREVIEW = 1,
-    CAMERA_TEMPLATE_STILL_CAPTURE = 2,
-    CAMERA_TEMPLATE_VIDEO_RECORD = 3,
-    CAMERA_TEMPLATE_VIDEO_SNAPSHOT = 4,
-    CAMERA_TEMPLATE_ZERO_SHUTTER_LAG = 5,
-    CAMERA_TEMPLATE_MANUAL = 6,
-    CAMERA_TEMPLATE_COUNT,
-    CAMERA_VENDOR_TEMPLATE_START = 0x40000000
-} camera_request_template_t;
-
 typedef enum camera_stream_configuration_mode {
     CAMERA_STREAM_CONFIGURATION_NORMAL_MODE = 0,
     CAMERA_STREAM_CONFIGURATION_CONSTRAINED_HIGH_SPEED_MODE = 1,
@@ -519,6 +509,10 @@
      */
     virtual status_t stopInjection() = 0;
 
+    // Inject session parameters into an existing client.
+    virtual status_t injectSessionParams(
+        const CameraMetadata& sessionParams) = 0;
+
 protected:
     bool mImageDumpMask = 0;
     std::vector<int64_t> mStreamUseCaseOverrides;
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/CameraProviderManager.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/CameraProviderManager.cpp
index 23051ef..be5ed4e 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/CameraProviderManager.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/CameraProviderManager.cpp
@@ -32,9 +32,11 @@
 #include <dlfcn.h>
 #include <future>
 #include <inttypes.h>
+#include <android_companion_virtualdevice_flags.h>
 #include <android/binder_manager.h>
 #include <android/hidl/manager/1.2/IServiceManager.h>
 #include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
+#include <com_android_internal_camera_flags.h>
 #include <functional>
 #include <camera_metadata_hidden.h>
 #include <android-base/parseint.h>
@@ -57,9 +59,13 @@
 using std::literals::chrono_literals::operator""s;
 using hardware::camera2::utils::CameraIdAndSessionConfiguration;
 
+namespace flags = com::android::internal::camera::flags;
+namespace vd_flags = android::companion::virtualdevice::flags;
+
 namespace {
 const bool kEnableLazyHal(property_get_bool("ro.camera.enableLazyHal", false));
 const std::string kExternalProviderName = "external/0";
+const std::string kVirtualProviderName = "virtual/0";
 } // anonymous namespace
 
 const float CameraProviderManager::kDepthARTolerance = .1f;
@@ -68,6 +74,8 @@
 
 CameraProviderManager::HidlServiceInteractionProxyImpl
 CameraProviderManager::sHidlServiceInteractionProxy{};
+CameraProviderManager::AidlServiceInteractionProxyImpl
+CameraProviderManager::sAidlServiceInteractionProxy{};
 
 CameraProviderManager::~CameraProviderManager() {
 }
@@ -130,6 +138,45 @@
     return OK;
 }
 
+std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ICameraProvider>
+CameraProviderManager::AidlServiceInteractionProxyImpl::getService(
+        const std::string& serviceName) {
+    using aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ICameraProvider;
+
+    AIBinder* binder = nullptr;
+    if (flags::lazy_aidl_wait_for_service()) {
+        binder = AServiceManager_waitForService(serviceName.c_str());
+    } else {
+        binder = AServiceManager_checkService(serviceName.c_str());
+    }
+
+    if (binder == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: AIDL Camera provider HAL '%s' is not actually available, despite waiting "
+              "indefinitely?", __FUNCTION__, serviceName.c_str());
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    std::shared_ptr<ICameraProvider> interface =
+            ICameraProvider::fromBinder(ndk::SpAIBinder(binder));
+
+    return interface;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ICameraProvider>
+CameraProviderManager::AidlServiceInteractionProxyImpl::tryGetService(
+        const std::string& serviceName) {
+    using aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ICameraProvider;
+
+    std::shared_ptr<ICameraProvider> interface = ICameraProvider::fromBinder(
+                    ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_checkService(serviceName.c_str())));
+    if (interface == nullptr) {
+        ALOGD("%s: AIDL Camera provider HAL '%s' is not actually available", __FUNCTION__,
+              serviceName.c_str());
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    return interface;
+}
+
 static std::string getFullAidlProviderName(const std::string instance) {
     std::string aidlHalServiceDescriptor =
             std::string(aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ICameraProvider::descriptor);
@@ -142,6 +189,13 @@
     auto sm = defaultServiceManager();
     auto aidlProviders = sm->getDeclaredInstances(
             String16(aidlHalServiceDescriptor));
+
+    if (isVirtualCameraHalEnabled()) {
+        // Virtual Camera provider is not declared in the VINTF manifest so we
+        // manually add it if the binary is present.
+        aidlProviders.push_back(String16(kVirtualProviderName.c_str()));
+    }
+
     for (const auto &aidlInstance : aidlProviders) {
         std::string aidlServiceName =
                 getFullAidlProviderName(toStdString(aidlInstance));
@@ -157,12 +211,19 @@
 }
 
 status_t CameraProviderManager::initialize(wp<CameraProviderManager::StatusListener> listener,
-        HidlServiceInteractionProxy* hidlProxy) {
+        HidlServiceInteractionProxy* hidlProxy, AidlServiceInteractionProxy* aidlProxy) {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mInterfaceMutex);
     if (hidlProxy == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("%s: No valid service interaction proxy provided", __FUNCTION__);
+        ALOGE("%s: No valid service Hidl interaction proxy provided", __FUNCTION__);
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
+
+    if (aidlProxy == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: No valid service Aidl interaction proxy provided", __FUNCTION__);
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+    mAidlServiceProxy = aidlProxy;
+
     mListener = listener;
     mDeviceState = 0;
     auto res = tryToInitAndAddHidlProvidersLocked(hidlProxy);
@@ -352,7 +413,7 @@
 
 status_t CameraProviderManager::isSessionConfigurationSupported(const std::string& id,
         const SessionConfiguration &configuration, bool overrideForPerfClass,
-        metadataGetter getMetadata, bool *status /*out*/) const {
+        bool checkSessionParams, bool *status /*out*/) const {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mInterfaceMutex);
     auto deviceInfo = findDeviceInfoLocked(id);
     if (deviceInfo == nullptr) {
@@ -360,7 +421,58 @@
     }
 
     return deviceInfo->isSessionConfigurationSupported(configuration,
-            overrideForPerfClass, getMetadata, status);
+            overrideForPerfClass, checkSessionParams, status);
+}
+
+status_t  CameraProviderManager::createDefaultRequest(const std::string& cameraId,
+        camera_request_template_t templateId,
+        CameraMetadata* metadata) const {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    if (templateId <= 0 || templateId >= CAMERA_TEMPLATE_COUNT) {
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mInterfaceMutex);
+    auto deviceInfo = findDeviceInfoLocked(cameraId);
+    if (deviceInfo == nullptr) {
+        return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
+    }
+
+    camera_metadata_t *rawRequest;
+    status_t res = deviceInfo->createDefaultRequest(templateId,
+            &rawRequest);
+
+    if (res == BAD_VALUE) {
+        ALOGI("%s: template %d is not supported on this camera device",
+              __FUNCTION__, templateId);
+        return res;
+    } else if (res != OK) {
+        ALOGE("Unable to construct request template %d: %s (%d)",
+                templateId, strerror(-res), res);
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    set_camera_metadata_vendor_id(rawRequest, deviceInfo->mProviderTagid);
+    metadata->acquire(rawRequest);
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t CameraProviderManager::getSessionCharacteristics(const std::string& id,
+        const SessionConfiguration &configuration, bool overrideForPerfClass,
+        metadataGetter getMetadata,
+        CameraMetadata* sessionCharacteristics /*out*/) const {
+    if (!flags::feature_combination_query()) {
+        return INVALID_OPERATION;
+    }
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mInterfaceMutex);
+    auto deviceInfo = findDeviceInfoLocked(id);
+    if (deviceInfo == nullptr) {
+        return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
+    }
+
+    return deviceInfo->getSessionCharacteristics(configuration,
+            overrideForPerfClass, getMetadata, sessionCharacteristics);
 }
 
 status_t CameraProviderManager::getCameraIdIPCTransport(const std::string &id,
@@ -966,6 +1078,20 @@
     }
 }
 
+CameraMetadata CameraProviderManager::ProviderInfo::DeviceInfo3::deviceInfo(
+        const std::string &id) {
+    if (id.empty()) {
+        return mCameraCharacteristics;
+    } else {
+        if (mPhysicalCameraCharacteristics.find(id) != mPhysicalCameraCharacteristics.end()) {
+            return mPhysicalCameraCharacteristics.at(id);
+        } else {
+            ALOGE("%s: Invalid physical camera id %s", __FUNCTION__, id.c_str());
+            return mCameraCharacteristics;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 SystemCameraKind CameraProviderManager::ProviderInfo::DeviceInfo3::getSystemCameraKind() {
     camera_metadata_entry_t entryCap;
     entryCap = mCameraCharacteristics.find(ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES);
@@ -1487,6 +1613,58 @@
     return res;
 }
 
+
+status_t CameraProviderManager::ProviderInfo::DeviceInfo3::fixupManualFlashStrengthControlTags(
+            CameraMetadata& ch) {
+    status_t res = OK;
+    auto flashSingleStrengthMaxLevelEntry = ch.find(ANDROID_FLASH_SINGLE_STRENGTH_MAX_LEVEL);
+    if (flashSingleStrengthMaxLevelEntry.count == 0) {
+        int32_t flashSingleStrengthMaxLevel = 1;
+        res = ch.update(ANDROID_FLASH_SINGLE_STRENGTH_MAX_LEVEL,
+                &flashSingleStrengthMaxLevel, 1);
+        if (res != OK) {
+            ALOGE("%s: Failed to update ANDROID_FLASH_SINGLE_STRENGTH_MAX_LEVEL: %s (%d)",
+                    __FUNCTION__,strerror(-res), res);
+            return res;
+        }
+    }
+    auto flashSingleStrengthDefaultLevelEntry = ch.find(
+            ANDROID_FLASH_SINGLE_STRENGTH_DEFAULT_LEVEL);
+    if (flashSingleStrengthDefaultLevelEntry.count == 0) {
+        int32_t flashSingleStrengthDefaultLevel = 1;
+        res = ch.update(ANDROID_FLASH_SINGLE_STRENGTH_DEFAULT_LEVEL,
+                &flashSingleStrengthDefaultLevel, 1);
+        if (res != OK) {
+            ALOGE("%s: Failed to update ANDROID_FLASH_SINGLE_STRENGTH_DEFAULT_LEVEL: %s (%d)",
+                    __FUNCTION__,strerror(-res), res);
+            return res;
+        }
+    }
+    auto flashTorchStrengthMaxLevelEntry = ch.find(ANDROID_FLASH_TORCH_STRENGTH_MAX_LEVEL);
+    if (flashTorchStrengthMaxLevelEntry.count == 0) {
+        int32_t flashTorchStrengthMaxLevel = 1;
+        res = ch.update(ANDROID_FLASH_TORCH_STRENGTH_MAX_LEVEL,
+                &flashTorchStrengthMaxLevel, 1);
+        if (res != OK) {
+            ALOGE("%s: Failed to update ANDROID_FLASH_TORCH_STRENGTH_MAX_LEVEL: %s (%d)",
+                    __FUNCTION__,strerror(-res), res);
+            return res;
+        }
+    }
+    auto flashTorchStrengthDefaultLevelEntry = ch.find(ANDROID_FLASH_TORCH_STRENGTH_DEFAULT_LEVEL);
+    if (flashTorchStrengthDefaultLevelEntry.count == 0) {
+        int32_t flashTorchStrengthDefaultLevel = 1;
+        res = ch.update(ANDROID_FLASH_TORCH_STRENGTH_DEFAULT_LEVEL,
+                &flashTorchStrengthDefaultLevel, 1);
+        if (res != OK) {
+            ALOGE("%s: Failed to update ANDROID_FLASH_TORCH_STRENGTH_DEFAULT_LEVEL: %s (%d)",
+                    __FUNCTION__,strerror(-res), res);
+            return res;
+        }
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
 status_t CameraProviderManager::ProviderInfo::DeviceInfo3::fixupMonochromeTags() {
     status_t res = OK;
     auto& c = mCameraCharacteristics;
@@ -1645,17 +1823,32 @@
     auto& c = mCameraCharacteristics;
 
     auto entry = c.find(ANDROID_SENSOR_READOUT_TIMESTAMP);
-    if (entry.count != 0) {
-        ALOGE("%s: CameraCharacteristics must not contain ANDROID_SENSOR_READOUT_TIMESTAMP!",
-                __FUNCTION__);
+    if (entry.count == 0) {
+        uint8_t defaultReadoutTimestamp = readoutTimestampSupported ?
+                                          ANDROID_SENSOR_READOUT_TIMESTAMP_HARDWARE :
+                                          ANDROID_SENSOR_READOUT_TIMESTAMP_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+        res = c.update(ANDROID_SENSOR_READOUT_TIMESTAMP, &defaultReadoutTimestamp, 1);
     }
 
-    uint8_t readoutTimestamp = ANDROID_SENSOR_READOUT_TIMESTAMP_NOT_SUPPORTED;
-    if (readoutTimestampSupported) {
-        readoutTimestamp = ANDROID_SENSOR_READOUT_TIMESTAMP_HARDWARE;
+    return res;
+}
+
+status_t CameraProviderManager::ProviderInfo::DeviceInfo3::addSessionConfigQueryVersionTag() {
+    sp<ProviderInfo> parentProvider = mParentProvider.promote();
+    if (parentProvider == nullptr) {
+        return DEAD_OBJECT;
     }
 
-    res = c.update(ANDROID_SENSOR_READOUT_TIMESTAMP, &readoutTimestamp, 1);
+    int versionCode = ANDROID_INFO_SESSION_CONFIGURATION_QUERY_VERSION_UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE;
+    IPCTransport ipcTransport = parentProvider->getIPCTransport();
+    int deviceVersion = HARDWARE_DEVICE_API_VERSION(mVersion.get_major(), mVersion.get_minor());
+    if (ipcTransport == IPCTransport::AIDL
+            && deviceVersion >= CAMERA_DEVICE_API_VERSION_1_3) {
+        versionCode = ANDROID_INFO_SESSION_CONFIGURATION_QUERY_VERSION_VANILLA_ICE_CREAM;
+    }
+
+    auto& c = mCameraCharacteristics;
+    status_t res = c.update(ANDROID_INFO_SESSION_CONFIGURATION_QUERY_VERSION, &versionCode, 1);
 
     return res;
 }
@@ -1918,9 +2111,15 @@
 status_t CameraProviderManager::tryToInitializeAidlProviderLocked(
         const std::string& providerName, const sp<ProviderInfo>& providerInfo) {
     using aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ICameraProvider;
-    std::shared_ptr<ICameraProvider> interface =
-            ICameraProvider::fromBinder(ndk::SpAIBinder(
-                    AServiceManager_getService(providerName.c_str())));
+
+    std::shared_ptr<ICameraProvider> interface;
+    if (flags::delay_lazy_hal_instantiation()) {
+        // Only get remote instance if already running. Lazy Providers will be
+        // woken up later.
+        interface = mAidlServiceProxy->tryGetService(providerName);
+    } else {
+        interface = mAidlServiceProxy->getService(providerName);
+    }
 
     if (interface == nullptr) {
         ALOGW("%s: AIDL Camera provider HAL '%s' is not actually available", __FUNCTION__,
@@ -1956,15 +2155,18 @@
     bool providerPresent = false;
     bool preexisting =
             (mAidlProviderWithBinders.find(newProvider) != mAidlProviderWithBinders.end());
-
-    // We need to use the extracted provider name here since 'newProvider' has
-    // the fully qualified name of the provider service in case of AIDL. We want
-    // just instance name.
     using aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ICameraProvider;
-    std::string extractedProviderName =
+    std::string providerNameUsed  =
             newProvider.substr(std::string(ICameraProvider::descriptor).size() + 1);
+    if (flags::lazy_aidl_wait_for_service()) {
+        // 'newProvider' has the fully qualified name of the provider service in case of AIDL.
+        // ProviderInfo::mProviderName also has the fully qualified name - so we just compare them
+        // here.
+        providerNameUsed = newProvider;
+    }
+
     for (const auto& providerInfo : mProviders) {
-        if (providerInfo->mProviderName == extractedProviderName) {
+        if (providerInfo->mProviderName == providerNameUsed) {
             ALOGW("%s: Camera provider HAL with name '%s' already registered",
                     __FUNCTION__, newProvider.c_str());
             // Do not add new instances for lazy HAL external provider or aidl
@@ -1981,7 +2183,7 @@
     }
 
     sp<AidlProviderInfo> providerInfo =
-            new AidlProviderInfo(extractedProviderName, providerInstance, this);
+            new AidlProviderInfo(providerNameUsed, providerInstance, this);
 
     if (!providerPresent) {
         status_t res = tryToInitializeAidlProviderLocked(newProvider, providerInfo);
@@ -2061,6 +2263,9 @@
             if (providerInfo->mProviderName == removedProviderName) {
                 IPCTransport providerTransport = providerInfo->getIPCTransport();
                 std::string removedAidlProviderName = getFullAidlProviderName(removedProviderName);
+                if (flags::lazy_aidl_wait_for_service()) {
+                    removedAidlProviderName = removedProviderName;
+                }
                 switch(providerTransport) {
                     case IPCTransport::HIDL:
                         return tryToInitializeHidlProviderLocked(removedProviderName, providerInfo);
@@ -2230,7 +2435,13 @@
 }
 
 bool CameraProviderManager::ProviderInfo::isExternalLazyHAL() const {
-    return kEnableLazyHal && (mProviderName == kExternalProviderName);
+    std::string providerName = mProviderName;
+    if (flags::lazy_aidl_wait_for_service() && getIPCTransport() == IPCTransport::AIDL) {
+        using aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ICameraProvider;
+        providerName =
+                mProviderName.substr(std::string(ICameraProvider::descriptor).size() + 1);
+    }
+    return kEnableLazyHal && (providerName == kExternalProviderName);
 }
 
 status_t CameraProviderManager::ProviderInfo::dump(int fd, const Vector<String16>&) const {
@@ -3054,4 +3265,8 @@
     }
 }
 
+bool CameraProviderManager::isVirtualCameraHalEnabled() {
+    return vd_flags::virtual_camera_service_discovery();
+}
+
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/CameraProviderManager.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/CameraProviderManager.h
index 28be652..fc0172c 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/CameraProviderManager.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/CameraProviderManager.h
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@
 
 #define CAMERA_DEVICE_API_VERSION_1_0 HARDWARE_DEVICE_API_VERSION(1, 0)
 #define CAMERA_DEVICE_API_VERSION_1_2 HARDWARE_DEVICE_API_VERSION(1, 2)
+#define CAMERA_DEVICE_API_VERSION_1_3 HARDWARE_DEVICE_API_VERSION(1, 3)
 #define CAMERA_DEVICE_API_VERSION_3_0 HARDWARE_DEVICE_API_VERSION(3, 0)
 #define CAMERA_DEVICE_API_VERSION_3_1 HARDWARE_DEVICE_API_VERSION(3, 1)
 #define CAMERA_DEVICE_API_VERSION_3_2 HARDWARE_DEVICE_API_VERSION(3, 2)
@@ -174,6 +175,33 @@
         virtual hardware::hidl_vec<hardware::hidl_string> listServices() override;
     };
 
+    // Proxy to inject fake services in test.
+    class AidlServiceInteractionProxy {
+      public:
+        // Returns the Aidl service with the given serviceName. Will wait indefinitely
+        // for the service to come up if not running.
+        virtual std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ICameraProvider>
+        getService(const std::string& serviceName) = 0;
+
+        // Attempts to get an already running AIDL service of the given serviceName.
+        // Returns nullptr immediately if service is not running.
+        virtual std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ICameraProvider>
+        tryGetService(const std::string& serviceName) = 0;
+
+        virtual ~AidlServiceInteractionProxy() = default;
+    };
+
+    // Standard use case - call into the normal static methods which invoke
+    // the real service manager
+    class AidlServiceInteractionProxyImpl : public AidlServiceInteractionProxy {
+      public:
+        virtual std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ICameraProvider>
+        getService(const std::string& serviceName) override;
+
+        virtual std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ICameraProvider>
+        tryGetService(const std::string& serviceName) override;
+    };
+
     /**
      * Listener interface for device/torch status changes
      */
@@ -209,7 +237,8 @@
      * used for testing. The lifetime of the proxy must exceed the lifetime of the manager.
      */
     status_t initialize(wp<StatusListener> listener,
-            HidlServiceInteractionProxy *hidlProxy = &sHidlServiceInteractionProxy);
+                        HidlServiceInteractionProxy* hidlProxy = &sHidlServiceInteractionProxy,
+                        AidlServiceInteractionProxy* aidlProxy = &sAidlServiceInteractionProxy);
 
     status_t getCameraIdIPCTransport(const std::string &id,
             IPCTransport *providerTransport) const;
@@ -280,15 +309,31 @@
             int targetSdkVersion, bool *isSupported);
 
     std::vector<std::unordered_set<std::string>> getConcurrentCameraIds() const;
+
+    /**
+     * Create a default capture request metadata for a camera and a specific
+     * template.
+     */
+    status_t createDefaultRequest(const std::string& id,
+            camera3::camera_request_template_t templateId,
+            hardware::camera2::impl::CameraMetadataNative* request) const;
     /**
      * Check for device support of specific stream combination.
      */
     status_t isSessionConfigurationSupported(const std::string& id,
             const SessionConfiguration &configuration,
-            bool overrideForPerfClass, camera3::metadataGetter getMetadata,
+            bool overrideForPerfClass, bool checkSessionParams,
             bool *status /*out*/) const;
 
     /**
+     * Get session characteristics for a particular session.
+     */
+     status_t getSessionCharacteristics(const std::string& id,
+            const SessionConfiguration &configuration,
+            bool overrideForPerfClass, camera3::metadataGetter getMetadata,
+            CameraMetadata* sessionCharacteristics /*out*/) const;
+
+    /**
      * Return the highest supported device interface version for this ID
      */
     status_t getHighestSupportedVersion(const std::string &id,
@@ -424,6 +469,7 @@
 
     wp<StatusListener> mListener;
     HidlServiceInteractionProxy* mHidlServiceProxy;
+    AidlServiceInteractionProxy* mAidlServiceProxy;
 
     // Current overall Android device physical status
     int64_t mDeviceState;
@@ -432,6 +478,7 @@
     mutable std::mutex mProviderLifecycleLock;
 
     static HidlServiceInteractionProxyImpl sHidlServiceInteractionProxy;
+    static AidlServiceInteractionProxyImpl sAidlServiceInteractionProxy;
 
     struct HalCameraProvider {
       // Empty parent struct for storing either aidl / hidl camera provider reference
@@ -489,7 +536,7 @@
                 CameraProviderManager *manager);
         ~ProviderInfo();
 
-        virtual IPCTransport getIPCTransport() = 0;
+        virtual IPCTransport getIPCTransport() const = 0;
 
         const std::string& getType() const;
 
@@ -598,12 +645,26 @@
             virtual status_t isSessionConfigurationSupported(
                     const SessionConfiguration &/*configuration*/,
                     bool /*overrideForPerfClass*/,
-                    camera3::metadataGetter /*getMetadata*/,
+                    bool /*checkSessionParams*/,
                     bool * /*status*/) {
                 return INVALID_OPERATION;
             }
+
+            virtual status_t getSessionCharacteristics(
+                    const SessionConfiguration &/*configuration*/,
+                    bool /*overrideForPerfClass*/,
+                    camera3::metadataGetter /*getMetadata*/,
+                    CameraMetadata* /*sessionCharacteristics*/) {
+                return INVALID_OPERATION;
+            }
+
             virtual status_t filterSmallJpegSizes() = 0;
             virtual void notifyDeviceStateChange(int64_t /*newState*/) {}
+            virtual status_t createDefaultRequest(
+                    camera3::camera_request_template_t /*templateId*/,
+                    camera_metadata_t** /*metadata*/) {
+                return INVALID_OPERATION;
+            }
 
             DeviceInfo(const std::string& name, const metadata_vendor_id_t tagId,
                     const std::string &id, const hardware::hidl_version& version,
@@ -654,10 +715,6 @@
                     bool overrideToPortrait) override;
             virtual status_t getPhysicalCameraCharacteristics(const std::string& physicalCameraId,
                     CameraMetadata *characteristics) const override;
-            virtual status_t isSessionConfigurationSupported(
-                    const SessionConfiguration &configuration, bool /*overrideForPerfClass*/,
-                    camera3::metadataGetter /*getMetadata*/,
-                    bool *status /*out*/) = 0;
             virtual status_t filterSmallJpegSizes() override;
             virtual void notifyDeviceStateChange(
                         int64_t newState) override;
@@ -683,6 +740,7 @@
             SystemCameraKind getSystemCameraKind();
             status_t fixupMonochromeTags();
             status_t fixupTorchStrengthTags();
+            status_t fixupManualFlashStrengthControlTags(CameraMetadata& ch);
             status_t addDynamicDepthTags(bool maxResolution = false);
             status_t deriveHeicTags(bool maxResolution = false);
             status_t deriveJpegRTags(bool maxResolution = false);
@@ -690,6 +748,7 @@
             status_t addAutoframingTags();
             status_t addPreCorrectionActiveArraySize();
             status_t addReadoutTimestampTag(bool readoutTimestampSupported = true);
+            status_t addSessionConfigQueryVersionTag();
 
             static void getSupportedSizes(const CameraMetadata& ch, uint32_t tag,
                     android_pixel_format_t format,
@@ -714,6 +773,8 @@
                     std::vector<int64_t>* stallDurations,
                     const camera_metadata_entry& halStreamConfigs,
                     const camera_metadata_entry& halStreamDurations);
+
+            CameraMetadata deviceInfo(const std::string &id);
         };
     protected:
         std::string mType;
@@ -865,8 +926,8 @@
             std::vector<std::string>& systemCameraDeviceIds) const;
 
     status_t usbDeviceDetached(const std::string &usbDeviceId);
-    ndk::ScopedAStatus onAidlRegistration(const std::string& in_name,
-            const ::ndk::SpAIBinder& in_binder);
+
+    static bool isVirtualCameraHalEnabled();
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/aidl/AidlProviderInfo.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/aidl/AidlProviderInfo.cpp
index 5e79d6b..a721d28 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/aidl/AidlProviderInfo.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/aidl/AidlProviderInfo.cpp
@@ -17,9 +17,11 @@
 #include "common/HalConversionsTemplated.h"
 #include "common/CameraProviderInfoTemplated.h"
 
+#include <com_android_internal_camera_flags.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 
 #include <aidlcommonsupport/NativeHandle.h>
+#include <android_companion_virtualdevice_flags.h>
 #include <android/binder_manager.h>
 #include <android/hardware/ICameraService.h>
 #include <camera_metadata_hidden.h>
@@ -35,6 +37,8 @@
 namespace android {
 
 namespace SessionConfigurationUtils = ::android::camera3::SessionConfigurationUtils;
+namespace flags = com::android::internal::camera::flags;
+namespace vd_flags = android::companion::virtualdevice::flags;
 
 using namespace aidl::android::hardware;
 using namespace hardware::camera;
@@ -99,7 +103,14 @@
 status_t AidlProviderInfo::initializeAidlProvider(
         std::shared_ptr<ICameraProvider>& interface, int64_t currentDeviceState) {
 
-    status_t res = parseProviderName(mProviderName, &mType, &mId);
+    using aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ICameraProvider;
+    std::string parsedProviderName = mProviderName;
+    if (flags::lazy_aidl_wait_for_service()) {
+        parsedProviderName =
+                mProviderName.substr(std::string(ICameraProvider::descriptor).size() + 1);
+    }
+
+    status_t res = parseProviderName(parsedProviderName, &mType, &mId);
     if (res != OK) {
         ALOGE("%s: Invalid provider name, ignoring", __FUNCTION__);
         return BAD_VALUE;
@@ -120,11 +131,15 @@
     }
 
     mDeathRecipient = ndk::ScopedAIBinder_DeathRecipient(AIBinder_DeathRecipient_new(binderDied));
-    auto link = AIBinder_linkToDeath(interface->asBinder().get(), mDeathRecipient.get(), this);
-    if (link != STATUS_OK) {
-        ALOGW("%s: Unable to link to provider '%s' death notifications",
-                __FUNCTION__, mProviderName.c_str());
-        return DEAD_OBJECT;
+
+    if (!vd_flags::virtual_camera_service_discovery() || interface->isRemote()) {
+        binder_status_t link =
+                AIBinder_linkToDeath(interface->asBinder().get(), mDeathRecipient.get(), this);
+        if (link != STATUS_OK) {
+            ALOGW("%s: Unable to link to provider '%s' death notifications (%d)", __FUNCTION__,
+                  mProviderName.c_str(), link);
+            return DEAD_OBJECT;
+        }
     }
 
     if (!kEnableLazyHal) {
@@ -260,52 +275,58 @@
     if (mSavedInterface != nullptr) {
         return mSavedInterface;
     }
+
     if (!kEnableLazyHal) {
         ALOGE("Bad provider state! Should not be here on a non-lazy HAL!");
         return nullptr;
     }
 
     auto interface = mActiveInterface.lock();
-    if (interface == nullptr) {
-        // Try to get service without starting
-        interface =
-                    ICameraProvider::fromBinder(
-                            ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_checkService(mProviderName.c_str())));
-        if (interface == nullptr) {
-            ALOGV("Camera provider actually needs restart, calling getService(%s)",
-                  mProviderName.c_str());
-            interface =
-                            ICameraProvider::fromBinder(
-                                    ndk::SpAIBinder(
-                                                AServiceManager_getService(mProviderName.c_str())));
-
-            // Set all devices as ENUMERATING, provider should update status
-            // to PRESENT after initializing.
-            // This avoids failing getCameraDeviceInterface_V3_x before devices
-            // are ready.
-            for (auto& device : mDevices) {
-              device->mIsDeviceAvailable = false;
-            }
-
-            interface->setCallback(mCallbacks);
-            auto link = AIBinder_linkToDeath(interface->asBinder().get(), mDeathRecipient.get(),
-                    this);
-            if (link != STATUS_OK) {
-                ALOGW("%s: Unable to link to provider '%s' death notifications",
-                        __FUNCTION__, mProviderName.c_str());
-                mManager->removeProvider(mProviderInstance);
-                return nullptr;
-            }
-
-            // Send current device state
-            interface->notifyDeviceStateChange(mDeviceState);
-        }
-        mActiveInterface = interface;
-    } else {
-        ALOGV("Camera provider (%s) already in use. Re-using instance.",
-              mProviderName.c_str());
+    if (interface != nullptr) {
+        ALOGV("Camera provider (%s) already in use. Re-using instance.", mProviderName.c_str());
+        return interface;
     }
 
+    // Try to get service without starting
+    interface = ICameraProvider::fromBinder(
+            ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_checkService(mProviderName.c_str())));
+    if (interface != nullptr) {
+        // Service is already running. Cache and return.
+        mActiveInterface = interface;
+        return interface;
+    }
+
+    ALOGV("Camera provider actually needs restart, calling getService(%s)", mProviderName.c_str());
+    interface = mManager->mAidlServiceProxy->getService(mProviderName);
+
+    if (interface == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: %s service not started", __FUNCTION__, mProviderName.c_str());
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Set all devices as ENUMERATING, provider should update status
+    // to PRESENT after initializing.
+    // This avoids failing getCameraDeviceInterface_V3_x before devices
+    // are ready.
+    for (auto& device : mDevices) {
+      device->mIsDeviceAvailable = false;
+    }
+
+    interface->setCallback(mCallbacks);
+    auto link = AIBinder_linkToDeath(interface->asBinder().get(), mDeathRecipient.get(),
+            this);
+    if (link != STATUS_OK) {
+        ALOGW("%s: Unable to link to provider '%s' death notifications",
+                __FUNCTION__, mProviderName.c_str());
+        mManager->removeProvider(mProviderInstance);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Send current device state
+    interface->notifyDeviceStateChange(mDeviceState);
+    // Cache interface to return early for future calls.
+    mActiveInterface = interface;
+
     return interface;
 }
 
@@ -369,7 +390,7 @@
 std::unique_ptr<CameraProviderManager::ProviderInfo::DeviceInfo>
     AidlProviderInfo::initializeDeviceInfo(
         const std::string &name, const metadata_vendor_id_t tagId,
-        const std::string &id, uint16_t minorVersion) {
+        const std::string &id, uint16_t /*minorVersion*/) {
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus status;
 
     auto cameraInterface = startDeviceInterface(name);
@@ -394,9 +415,18 @@
         conflictName = id;
     }
 
+    int32_t interfaceVersion = 0;
+    status = cameraInterface->getInterfaceVersion(&interfaceVersion);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Unable to obtain interface version for camera device %s: %s", __FUNCTION__,
+                id.c_str(), status.getMessage());
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
     return std::unique_ptr<DeviceInfo3>(
-        new AidlDeviceInfo3(name, tagId, id, minorVersion, HalToFrameworkResourceCost(resourceCost),
-                this, mProviderPublicCameraIds, cameraInterface));
+        new AidlDeviceInfo3(name, tagId, id, static_cast<uint16_t>(interfaceVersion),
+                HalToFrameworkResourceCost(resourceCost), this,
+                mProviderPublicCameraIds, cameraInterface));
 }
 
 status_t AidlProviderInfo::reCacheConcurrentStreamingCameraIdsLocked() {
@@ -494,6 +524,15 @@
                 __FUNCTION__, strerror(-res), res);
         return;
     }
+    if (flags::camera_manual_flash_strength_control()) {
+        res = fixupManualFlashStrengthControlTags(mCameraCharacteristics);
+        if (OK != res) {
+            ALOGE("%s: Unable to fix up manual flash strength control tags: %s (%d)",
+                    __FUNCTION__, strerror(-res), res);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
     auto stat = addDynamicDepthTags();
     if (OK != stat) {
         ALOGE("%s: Failed appending dynamic depth tags: %s (%d)", __FUNCTION__, strerror(-stat),
@@ -578,6 +617,14 @@
         mHasFlashUnit = false;
     }
 
+    if (flags::feature_combination_query()) {
+        res = addSessionConfigQueryVersionTag();
+        if (OK != res) {
+            ALOGE("%s: Unable to add sessionConfigurationQueryVersion tag: %s (%d)",
+                    __FUNCTION__, strerror(-res), res);
+        }
+    }
+
     camera_metadata_entry entry =
             mCameraCharacteristics.find(ANDROID_FLASH_INFO_STRENGTH_DEFAULT_LEVEL);
     if (entry.count == 1) {
@@ -607,8 +654,9 @@
             aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata pChars;
             status = interface->getPhysicalCameraCharacteristics(id, &pChars);
             if (!status.isOk()) {
-                ALOGE("%s: Transaction error getting physical camera %s characteristics for %s: %s",
-                        __FUNCTION__, id.c_str(), id.c_str(), status.getMessage());
+                ALOGE("%s: Transaction error getting physical camera %s characteristics for "
+                        "logical id %s: %s", __FUNCTION__, id.c_str(), mId.c_str(),
+                        status.getMessage());
                 return;
             }
             std::vector<uint8_t> &pMetadata = pChars.metadata;
@@ -630,6 +678,15 @@
                 ALOGE("%s: Unable to override zoomRatio related tags: %s (%d)",
                         __FUNCTION__, strerror(-res), res);
             }
+
+            if (flags::camera_manual_flash_strength_control()) {
+                res = fixupManualFlashStrengthControlTags(mPhysicalCameraCharacteristics[id]);
+                if (OK != res) {
+                    ALOGE("%s: Unable to fix up manual flash strength control tags: %s (%d)",
+                            __FUNCTION__, strerror(-res), res);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -730,13 +787,24 @@
 
 status_t AidlProviderInfo::AidlDeviceInfo3::isSessionConfigurationSupported(
         const SessionConfiguration &configuration, bool overrideForPerfClass,
-        camera3::metadataGetter getMetadata, bool *status) {
+        bool checkSessionParams, bool *status) {
+
+    auto operatingMode = configuration.getOperatingMode();
+
+    auto res = SessionConfigurationUtils::checkOperatingMode(operatingMode,
+            mCameraCharacteristics, mId);
+    if (!res.isOk()) {
+        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+    }
 
     camera::device::StreamConfiguration streamConfiguration;
     bool earlyExit = false;
+    camera3::metadataGetter getMetadata = [this](const std::string &id,
+            bool /*overrideForPerfClass*/) {return this->deviceInfo(id);};
     auto bRes = SessionConfigurationUtils::convertToHALStreamCombination(configuration,
             mId, mCameraCharacteristics, mCompositeJpegRDisabled, getMetadata,
-            mPhysicalIds, streamConfiguration, overrideForPerfClass, &earlyExit);
+            mPhysicalIds, streamConfiguration, overrideForPerfClass, mProviderTagid,
+            checkSessionParams, &earlyExit);
 
     if (!bRes.isOk()) {
         return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
@@ -754,8 +822,25 @@
         return DEAD_OBJECT;
     }
 
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus ret =
-        interface->isStreamCombinationSupported(streamConfiguration, status);
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus ret;
+    if (checkSessionParams) {
+        // Only interface version 1_3 or greater supports
+        // isStreamCombinationWIthSettingsSupported.
+        int deviceVersion = HARDWARE_DEVICE_API_VERSION(mVersion.get_major(), mVersion.get_minor());
+        if (deviceVersion < CAMERA_DEVICE_API_VERSION_1_3) {
+            ALOGI("%s: Camera device version (major %d, minor %d) doesn't support querying of "
+                    "session configuration!", __FUNCTION__, mVersion.get_major(),
+                    mVersion.get_minor());
+            return INVALID_OPERATION;
+        }
+        if (flags::feature_combination_query()) {
+            ret = interface->isStreamCombinationWithSettingsSupported(streamConfiguration, status);
+        } else {
+            return INVALID_OPERATION;
+        }
+    } else {
+        ret = interface->isStreamCombinationSupported(streamConfiguration, status);
+    }
     if (!ret.isOk()) {
         *status = false;
         ALOGE("%s: Unexpected binder error: %s", __FUNCTION__, ret.getMessage());
@@ -765,6 +850,108 @@
 
 }
 
+status_t AidlProviderInfo::AidlDeviceInfo3::createDefaultRequest(
+        camera3::camera_request_template_t templateId, camera_metadata_t** metadata) {
+    const std::shared_ptr<camera::device::ICameraDevice> interface =
+            startDeviceInterface();
+
+    if (interface == nullptr) {
+        return DEAD_OBJECT;
+    }
+
+    int deviceVersion = HARDWARE_DEVICE_API_VERSION(mVersion.get_major(), mVersion.get_minor());
+    if (deviceVersion < CAMERA_DEVICE_API_VERSION_1_3) {
+        ALOGI("%s: Camera device minor version 0x%x doesn't support creating "
+                " default request!", __FUNCTION__, mVersion.get_minor());
+        return INVALID_OPERATION;
+    }
+
+    aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata request;
+
+    using aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::RequestTemplate;
+    RequestTemplate id;
+    status_t res = SessionConfigurationUtils::mapRequestTemplateToAidl(
+            templateId, &id);
+    if (res != OK) {
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    if (!flags::feature_combination_query()) {
+        return INVALID_OPERATION;
+    }
+
+    auto err = interface->constructDefaultRequestSettings(id, &request);
+    if (!err.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Transaction error: %s", __FUNCTION__, err.getMessage());
+        return AidlProviderInfo::mapToStatusT(err);
+    }
+    const camera_metadata *r =
+            reinterpret_cast<const camera_metadata_t*>(request.metadata.data());
+    size_t expectedSize = request.metadata.size();
+    int ret = validate_camera_metadata_structure(r, &expectedSize);
+    if (ret == OK || ret == CAMERA_METADATA_VALIDATION_SHIFTED) {
+        *metadata = clone_camera_metadata(r);
+        if (*metadata == nullptr) {
+            ALOGE("%s: Unable to clone camera metadata received from HAL",
+                    __FUNCTION__);
+            res = UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+        }
+    } else {
+        ALOGE("%s: Malformed camera metadata received from HAL", __FUNCTION__);
+        res = UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+status_t AidlProviderInfo::AidlDeviceInfo3::getSessionCharacteristics(
+        const SessionConfiguration &configuration, bool overrideForPerfClass,
+        camera3::metadataGetter getMetadata, CameraMetadata *sessionCharacteristics) {
+    camera::device::StreamConfiguration streamConfiguration;
+    bool earlyExit = false;
+    auto res = SessionConfigurationUtils::convertToHALStreamCombination(configuration,
+            mId, mCameraCharacteristics, mCompositeJpegRDisabled, getMetadata,
+            mPhysicalIds, streamConfiguration, overrideForPerfClass, mProviderTagid,
+            /*checkSessionParams*/true, &earlyExit);
+
+    if (!res.isOk()) {
+        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    if (earlyExit) {
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    const std::shared_ptr<camera::device::ICameraDevice> interface =
+            startDeviceInterface();
+
+    if (interface == nullptr) {
+        return DEAD_OBJECT;
+    }
+
+    aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata chars;
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus ret =
+        interface->getSessionCharacteristics(streamConfiguration, &chars);
+    std::vector<uint8_t> &metadata = chars.metadata;
+
+    camera_metadata_t *buffer = reinterpret_cast<camera_metadata_t*>(metadata.data());
+    size_t expectedSize = metadata.size();
+    int resV = validate_camera_metadata_structure(buffer, &expectedSize);
+    if (resV == OK || resV == CAMERA_METADATA_VALIDATION_SHIFTED) {
+        set_camera_metadata_vendor_id(buffer, mProviderTagid);
+        *sessionCharacteristics = buffer;
+    } else {
+        ALOGE("%s: Malformed camera metadata received from HAL", __FUNCTION__);
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    if (!ret.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Unexpected binder error: %s", __FUNCTION__, ret.getMessage());
+        return mapToStatusT(ret);
+    }
+    return OK;
+}
+
 status_t AidlProviderInfo::convertToAidlHALStreamCombinationAndCameraIdsLocked(
         const std::vector<CameraIdAndSessionConfiguration> &cameraIdsAndSessionConfigs,
         const std::set<std::string>& perfClassPrimaryCameraIds,
@@ -804,7 +991,8 @@
                     cameraId, deviceInfo,
                     mManager->isCompositeJpegRDisabledLocked(cameraId), getMetadata,
                     physicalCameraIds, streamConfiguration,
-                    overrideForPerfClass, &shouldExit);
+                    overrideForPerfClass, mProviderTagid,
+                    /*checkSessionParams*/false, &shouldExit);
         if (!bStatus.isOk()) {
             ALOGE("%s: convertToHALStreamCombination failed", __FUNCTION__);
             return INVALID_OPERATION;
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/aidl/AidlProviderInfo.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/aidl/AidlProviderInfo.h
index 97a8fed..0bfa7d4 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/aidl/AidlProviderInfo.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/aidl/AidlProviderInfo.h
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 
     static void binderDied(void *cookie);
 
-    virtual IPCTransport getIPCTransport() override {return IPCTransport::AIDL;}
+    virtual IPCTransport getIPCTransport() const override {return IPCTransport::AIDL;}
 
     const std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ICameraProvider>
     startProviderInterface();
@@ -107,8 +107,6 @@
 
     struct AidlDeviceInfo3 : public CameraProviderManager::ProviderInfo::DeviceInfo3 {
 
-        //TODO: fix init
-        const hardware::hidl_version mVersion = hardware::hidl_version{3, 2};
         std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDevice>
                 mSavedInterface = nullptr;
 
@@ -129,9 +127,18 @@
 
         virtual status_t isSessionConfigurationSupported(
                 const SessionConfiguration &/*configuration*/,
-                bool overrideForPerfClass, camera3::metadataGetter /*getMetadata*/,
+                bool overrideForPerfClass, bool checkSessionParams,
                 bool *status/*status*/);
 
+        virtual status_t createDefaultRequest(
+                    camera3::camera_request_template_t templateId,
+                    camera_metadata_t** metadata) override;
+
+        virtual status_t getSessionCharacteristics(
+                const SessionConfiguration &/*configuration*/,
+                bool overrideForPerfClass, camera3::metadataGetter /*getMetadata*/,
+                CameraMetadata *sessionCharacteristics /*sessionCharacteristics*/);
+
         std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDevice>
                 startDeviceInterface();
     };
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/hidl/HidlProviderInfo.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/hidl/HidlProviderInfo.cpp
index bf7a471..065f0c5 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/hidl/HidlProviderInfo.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/hidl/HidlProviderInfo.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "common/HalConversionsTemplated.h"
 #include "common/CameraProviderInfoTemplated.h"
 
+#include <com_android_internal_camera_flags.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 
 #include <android/hardware/ICameraService.h>
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@
 
 using StatusListener = CameraProviderManager::StatusListener;
 using HalDeviceStatusType = android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::CameraDeviceStatus;
+namespace flags = com::android::internal::camera::flags;
 
 using hardware::camera::provider::V2_5::DeviceState;
 using hardware::ICameraService;
@@ -613,6 +615,15 @@
                 __FUNCTION__, strerror(-res), res);
         return;
     }
+    if (flags::camera_manual_flash_strength_control()) {
+        res = fixupManualFlashStrengthControlTags(mCameraCharacteristics);
+        if (OK != res) {
+            ALOGE("%s: Unable to fix up manual flash strength control tags: %s (%d)",
+                    __FUNCTION__, strerror(-res), res);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
     auto stat = addDynamicDepthTags();
     if (OK != stat) {
         ALOGE("%s: Failed appending dynamic depth tags: %s (%d)", __FUNCTION__, strerror(-stat),
@@ -681,6 +692,14 @@
         mHasFlashUnit = false;
     }
 
+    if (flags::feature_combination_query()) {
+        res = addSessionConfigQueryVersionTag();
+        if (OK != res) {
+            ALOGE("%s: Unable to add sessionConfigurationQueryVersion tag: %s (%d)",
+                    __FUNCTION__, strerror(-res), res);
+        }
+    }
+
     camera_metadata_entry entry =
             mCameraCharacteristics.find(ANDROID_FLASH_INFO_STRENGTH_DEFAULT_LEVEL);
     if (entry.count == 1) {
@@ -743,8 +762,9 @@
             });
 
             if (!ret.isOk()) {
-                ALOGE("%s: Transaction error getting physical camera %s characteristics for %s: %s",
-                        __FUNCTION__, id.c_str(), id.c_str(), ret.description().c_str());
+                ALOGE("%s: Transaction error getting physical camera %s characteristics for"
+                        " logical id %s: %s", __FUNCTION__, id.c_str(), mId.c_str(),
+                        ret.description().c_str());
                 return;
             }
             if (status != Status::OK) {
@@ -760,6 +780,15 @@
                 ALOGE("%s: Unable to override zoomRatio related tags: %s (%d)",
                         __FUNCTION__, strerror(-res), res);
             }
+
+            if (flags::camera_manual_flash_strength_control()) {
+                res = fixupManualFlashStrengthControlTags(mPhysicalCameraCharacteristics[id]);
+                if (OK != res) {
+                    ALOGE("%s: Unable to fix up manual flash strength control tags: %s (%d)",
+                            __FUNCTION__, strerror(-res), res);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -832,13 +861,21 @@
 
 status_t HidlProviderInfo::HidlDeviceInfo3::isSessionConfigurationSupported(
         const SessionConfiguration &configuration, bool overrideForPerfClass,
-        metadataGetter getMetadata, bool *status) {
+        bool checkSessionParams, bool *status) {
+
+    if (checkSessionParams) {
+        // HIDL device doesn't support checking session parameters
+        return INVALID_OPERATION;
+    }
 
     hardware::camera::device::V3_7::StreamConfiguration configuration_3_7;
     bool earlyExit = false;
+    camera3::metadataGetter getMetadata = [this](const std::string &id,
+            bool /*overrideForPerfClass*/) {return this->deviceInfo(id);};
     auto bRes = SessionConfigurationUtils::convertToHALStreamCombination(configuration,
             mId, mCameraCharacteristics, getMetadata, mPhysicalIds,
-            configuration_3_7, overrideForPerfClass, &earlyExit);
+            configuration_3_7, overrideForPerfClass, mProviderTagid,
+            &earlyExit);
 
     if (!bRes.isOk()) {
         return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
@@ -940,7 +977,7 @@
                     cameraIdAndSessionConfig.mSessionConfiguration,
                     cameraId, deviceInfo, getMetadata,
                     physicalCameraIds, streamConfiguration,
-                    overrideForPerfClass, &shouldExit);
+                    overrideForPerfClass, mProviderTagid, &shouldExit);
         if (!bStatus.isOk()) {
             ALOGE("%s: convertToHALStreamCombination failed", __FUNCTION__);
             return INVALID_OPERATION;
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/hidl/HidlProviderInfo.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/hidl/HidlProviderInfo.h
index e0f1646..869bba0 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/hidl/HidlProviderInfo.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/hidl/HidlProviderInfo.h
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
             sp<hardware::camera::provider::V2_4::ICameraProvider>& interface,
             int64_t currentDeviceState);
 
-    IPCTransport getIPCTransport() override {return IPCTransport::HIDL;}
+    IPCTransport getIPCTransport() const override {return IPCTransport::HIDL;}
 
     const sp<hardware::camera::provider::V2_4::ICameraProvider> startProviderInterface();
 
@@ -105,8 +105,9 @@
 
         virtual status_t isSessionConfigurationSupported(
                 const SessionConfiguration &/*configuration*/,
-                bool overrideForPerfClass, camera3::metadataGetter getMetadata,
+                bool overrideForPerfClass, bool checkSessionParams,
                 bool *status/*status*/);
+
         sp<hardware::camera::device::V3_2::ICameraDevice> startDeviceInterface();
     };
 
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.cpp
index de3fe97..c0a0544 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.cpp
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android/hardware/camera/device/3.7/ICameraInjectionSession.h>
 #include <android/hardware/camera2/ICameraDeviceUser.h>
+#include <com_android_internal_camera_flags.h>
 
 #include "CameraService.h"
 #include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/Dataspace.h"
@@ -63,19 +64,22 @@
 #include "device3/Camera3InputStream.h"
 #include "device3/Camera3OutputStream.h"
 #include "device3/Camera3SharedOutputStream.h"
-#include "mediautils/SchedulingPolicyService.h"
 #include "utils/CameraThreadState.h"
 #include "utils/CameraTraces.h"
+#include "utils/SchedulingPolicyUtils.h"
 #include "utils/SessionConfigurationUtils.h"
 #include "utils/TraceHFR.h"
+#include "utils/Utils.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <optional>
 #include <tuple>
 
 using namespace android::camera3;
+using namespace android::camera3::SessionConfigurationUtils;
 using namespace android::hardware::camera;
 
+namespace flags = com::android::internal::camera::flags;
 namespace android {
 
 Camera3Device::Camera3Device(std::shared_ptr<CameraServiceProxyWrapper>& cameraServiceProxyWrapper,
@@ -142,17 +146,6 @@
     /** Register in-flight map to the status tracker */
     mInFlightStatusId = mStatusTracker->addComponent("InflightRequests");
 
-    if (mUseHalBufManager) {
-        res = mRequestBufferSM.initialize(mStatusTracker);
-        if (res != OK) {
-            SET_ERR_L("Unable to start request buffer state machine: %s (%d)",
-                    strerror(-res), res);
-            mInterface->close();
-            mStatusTracker.clear();
-            return res;
-        }
-    }
-
     /** Create buffer manager */
     mBufferManager = new Camera3BufferManager();
 
@@ -297,13 +290,6 @@
                     }
                 }
             }
-            // Signal to request thread that we're not expecting any
-            // more requests. This will be true since once we're in
-            // disconnect and we've cleared off the request queue, the
-            // request thread can't receive any new requests through
-            // binder calls - since disconnect holds
-            // mBinderSerialization lock.
-            mRequestThread->setRequestClearing();
         }
 
         if (mStatus == STATUS_ERROR) {
@@ -1370,62 +1356,52 @@
     return filterParamsAndConfigureLocked(sessionParams, operatingMode);
 }
 
-status_t Camera3Device::filterParamsAndConfigureLocked(const CameraMetadata& sessionParams,
+status_t Camera3Device::filterParamsAndConfigureLocked(const CameraMetadata& params,
         int operatingMode) {
-    //Filter out any incoming session parameters
-    const CameraMetadata params(sessionParams);
+    CameraMetadata filteredParams;
+    SessionConfigurationUtils::filterParameters(params, mDeviceInfo, mVendorTagId, filteredParams);
+
     camera_metadata_entry_t availableSessionKeys = mDeviceInfo.find(
             ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_SESSION_KEYS);
-    CameraMetadata filteredParams(availableSessionKeys.count);
-    camera_metadata_t *meta = const_cast<camera_metadata_t *>(
-            filteredParams.getAndLock());
-    set_camera_metadata_vendor_id(meta, mVendorTagId);
-    filteredParams.unlock(meta);
-    if (availableSessionKeys.count > 0) {
-        bool rotateAndCropSessionKey = false;
-        bool autoframingSessionKey = false;
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < availableSessionKeys.count; i++) {
-            camera_metadata_ro_entry entry = params.find(
-                    availableSessionKeys.data.i32[i]);
-            if (entry.count > 0) {
-                filteredParams.update(entry);
+
+    bool rotateAndCropSessionKey = false;
+    bool autoframingSessionKey = false;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < availableSessionKeys.count; i++) {
+        if (ANDROID_SCALER_ROTATE_AND_CROP == availableSessionKeys.data.i32[i]) {
+            rotateAndCropSessionKey = true;
+        }
+        if (ANDROID_CONTROL_AUTOFRAMING == availableSessionKeys.data.i32[i]) {
+            autoframingSessionKey = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (rotateAndCropSessionKey || autoframingSessionKey) {
+        sp<CaptureRequest> request = new CaptureRequest();
+        PhysicalCameraSettings settingsList;
+        settingsList.metadata = filteredParams;
+        request->mSettingsList.push_back(settingsList);
+
+        if (rotateAndCropSessionKey) {
+            auto rotateAndCropEntry = filteredParams.find(ANDROID_SCALER_ROTATE_AND_CROP);
+            if (rotateAndCropEntry.count > 0 &&
+                    rotateAndCropEntry.data.u8[0] == ANDROID_SCALER_ROTATE_AND_CROP_AUTO) {
+                request->mRotateAndCropAuto = true;
+            } else {
+                request->mRotateAndCropAuto = false;
             }
-            if (ANDROID_SCALER_ROTATE_AND_CROP == availableSessionKeys.data.i32[i]) {
-                rotateAndCropSessionKey = true;
-            }
-            if (ANDROID_CONTROL_AUTOFRAMING == availableSessionKeys.data.i32[i]) {
-                autoframingSessionKey = true;
+
+            overrideAutoRotateAndCrop(request, mOverrideToPortrait, mRotateAndCropOverride);
+        }
+
+        if (autoframingSessionKey) {
+            auto autoframingEntry = filteredParams.find(ANDROID_CONTROL_AUTOFRAMING);
+            if (autoframingEntry.count > 0 &&
+                    autoframingEntry.data.u8[0] == ANDROID_CONTROL_AUTOFRAMING_AUTO) {
+                overrideAutoframing(request, mAutoframingOverride);
             }
         }
 
-        if (rotateAndCropSessionKey || autoframingSessionKey) {
-            sp<CaptureRequest> request = new CaptureRequest();
-            PhysicalCameraSettings settingsList;
-            settingsList.metadata = filteredParams;
-            request->mSettingsList.push_back(settingsList);
-
-            if (rotateAndCropSessionKey) {
-                auto rotateAndCropEntry = filteredParams.find(ANDROID_SCALER_ROTATE_AND_CROP);
-                if (rotateAndCropEntry.count > 0 &&
-                        rotateAndCropEntry.data.u8[0] == ANDROID_SCALER_ROTATE_AND_CROP_AUTO) {
-                    request->mRotateAndCropAuto = true;
-                } else {
-                    request->mRotateAndCropAuto = false;
-                }
-
-                overrideAutoRotateAndCrop(request, mOverrideToPortrait, mRotateAndCropOverride);
-            }
-
-            if (autoframingSessionKey) {
-                auto autoframingEntry = filteredParams.find(ANDROID_CONTROL_AUTOFRAMING);
-                if (autoframingEntry.count > 0 &&
-                        autoframingEntry.data.u8[0] == ANDROID_CONTROL_AUTOFRAMING_AUTO) {
-                    overrideAutoframing(request, mAutoframingOverride);
-                }
-            }
-
-            filteredParams = request->mSettingsList.begin()->metadata;
-        }
+        filteredParams = request->mSettingsList.begin()->metadata;
     }
 
     return configureStreamsLocked(operatingMode, filteredParams);
@@ -1636,7 +1612,9 @@
     mStatusWaiters++;
 
     bool signalPipelineDrain = false;
-    if (!active && mUseHalBufManager) {
+    if (!active &&
+            (mUseHalBufManager ||
+                    (flags::session_hal_buf_manager() && mHalBufManagedStreamIds.size() != 0))) {
         auto streamIds = mOutputStreams.getStreamIds();
         if (mStatus == STATUS_ACTIVE) {
             mRequestThread->signalPipelineDrain(streamIds);
@@ -2552,6 +2530,7 @@
     }
 
     config.streams = streams.editArray();
+    config.hal_buffer_managed_streams = mHalBufManagedStreamIds;
 
     // Do the HAL configuration; will potentially touch stream
     // max_buffers, usage, and priv fields, as well as data_space and format
@@ -2575,7 +2554,26 @@
                 strerror(-res), res);
         return res;
     }
+    mUseHalBufManager = config.use_hal_buf_manager;
+    if (flags::session_hal_buf_manager()) {
+        bool prevSessionHalBufManager = (mHalBufManagedStreamIds.size() != 0);
+        // It is possible that configureStreams() changed config.hal_buffer_managed_streams
+        mHalBufManagedStreamIds = config.hal_buffer_managed_streams;
 
+        bool thisSessionHalBufManager = mHalBufManagedStreamIds.size() != 0;
+
+        if (prevSessionHalBufManager && !thisSessionHalBufManager) {
+            mRequestBufferSM.deInit();
+        } else if (!prevSessionHalBufManager && thisSessionHalBufManager) {
+            res = mRequestBufferSM.initialize(mStatusTracker);
+            if (res != OK) {
+                SET_ERR_L("%s: Camera %s: RequestBuffer State machine couldn't be initialized!",
+                          __FUNCTION__, mId.c_str());
+                return res;
+            }
+        }
+        mRequestThread->setHalBufferManagedStreams(mHalBufManagedStreamIds);
+    }
     // Finish all stream configuration immediately.
     // TODO: Try to relax this later back to lazy completion, which should be
     // faster
@@ -2632,8 +2630,8 @@
     if (disableFifo != 1) {
         // Boost priority of request thread to SCHED_FIFO.
         pid_t requestThreadTid = mRequestThread->getTid();
-        res = requestPriority(getpid(), requestThreadTid,
-                kRequestThreadPriority, /*isForApp*/ false, /*asynchronous*/ false);
+        res = SchedulingPolicyUtils::requestPriorityDirect(getpid(), requestThreadTid,
+                kRequestThreadPriority);
         if (res != OK) {
             ALOGW("Can't set realtime priority for request processing thread: %s (%d)",
                     strerror(-res), res);
@@ -2902,7 +2900,8 @@
 
     FlushInflightReqStates states {
         mId, mInFlightLock, mInFlightMap, mUseHalBufManager,
-        listener, *this, *mInterface, *this, mSessionStatsBuilder};
+        mHalBufManagedStreamIds, listener, *this, *mInterface, *this,
+        mSessionStatsBuilder};
 
     camera3::flushInflightRequests(states);
 }
@@ -2967,6 +2966,11 @@
     return mBufferRecords.verifyBufferIds(streamId, bufIds);
 }
 
+bool Camera3Device::HalInterface::isHalBufferManagedStream(int32_t streamId) const {
+    return (mUseHalBufManager || (flags::session_hal_buf_manager() &&
+                                  contains(mHalBufManagedStreamIds, streamId)));
+}
+
 status_t Camera3Device::HalInterface::popInflightBuffer(
         int32_t frameNumber, int32_t streamId,
         /*out*/ buffer_handle_t **buffer) {
@@ -3059,7 +3063,7 @@
         mOverrideToPortrait(overrideToPortrait),
         mSupportSettingsOverride(supportSettingsOverride) {
     mStatusId = statusTracker->addComponent("RequestThread");
-    mVndkVersion = property_get_int32("ro.vndk.version", __ANDROID_API_FUTURE__);
+    mVndkVersion = getVNDKVersionFromProp(__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__);
 }
 
 Camera3Device::RequestThread::~RequestThread() {}
@@ -3285,6 +3289,11 @@
     mDoPauseSignal.signal();
 }
 
+void Camera3Device::RequestThread::setHalBufferManagedStreams(
+            const std::set<int32_t> &halBufferManagedStreams) {
+    mHalBufManagedStreamIds = halBufferManagedStreams;
+}
+
 status_t Camera3Device::RequestThread::waitUntilRequestProcessed(
         int32_t requestId, nsecs_t timeout) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
@@ -3303,8 +3312,12 @@
 }
 
 void Camera3Device::RequestThread::requestExit() {
-    // Call parent to set up shutdown
-    Thread::requestExit();
+    {
+        Mutex::Autolock l(mRequestLock);
+        mRequestClearing = true;
+        // Call parent to set up shutdown
+        Thread::requestExit();
+    }
     // The exit from any possible waits
     mDoPauseSignal.signal();
     mRequestSignal.signal();
@@ -3580,13 +3593,16 @@
     for (size_t i = 0; i < mNextRequests.size(); i++) {
         auto& nextRequest = mNextRequests.editItemAt(i);
         sp<CaptureRequest> captureRequest = nextRequest.captureRequest;
+        captureRequest->mTestPatternChanged = overrideTestPattern(captureRequest);
         // Do not override rotate&crop for stream configurations that include
         // SurfaceViews(HW_COMPOSER) output, unless mOverrideToPortrait is set.
         // The display rotation there will be compensated by NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_INVERSE_DISPLAY
         captureRequest->mRotateAndCropChanged = (mComposerOutput && !mOverrideToPortrait) ? false :
             overrideAutoRotateAndCrop(captureRequest);
         captureRequest->mAutoframingChanged = overrideAutoframing(captureRequest);
-        captureRequest->mTestPatternChanged = overrideTestPattern(captureRequest);
+        if (flags::inject_session_params()) {
+            injectSessionParams(captureRequest, mInjectedSessionParams);
+        }
     }
 
     // 'mNextRequests' will at this point contain either a set of HFR batched requests
@@ -3610,7 +3626,10 @@
         if (res == OK) {
             sp<Camera3Device> parent = mParent.promote();
             if (parent != nullptr) {
-                mReconfigured |= parent->reconfigureCamera(mLatestSessionParams, mStatusId);
+                if (parent->reconfigureCamera(mLatestSessionParams, mStatusId)) {
+                    mForceNewRequestAfterReconfigure = true;
+                    mReconfigured = true;
+                }
             }
 
             if (mNextRequests[0].captureRequest->mInputStream != nullptr) {
@@ -3741,12 +3760,20 @@
                 (mPrevRequest != captureRequest || triggersMixedIn ||
                          captureRequest->mRotateAndCropChanged ||
                          captureRequest->mAutoframingChanged ||
-                         captureRequest->mTestPatternChanged || settingsOverrideChanged) &&
+                         captureRequest->mTestPatternChanged || settingsOverrideChanged ||
+                         (flags::inject_session_params() && mForceNewRequestAfterReconfigure)) &&
                 // Request settings are all the same within one batch, so only treat the first
                 // request in a batch as new
                 !(batchedRequest && i > 0);
+
         if (newRequest) {
             std::set<std::string> cameraIdsWithZoom;
+
+            if (flags::inject_session_params() && mForceNewRequestAfterReconfigure) {
+                // This only needs to happen once.
+                mForceNewRequestAfterReconfigure = false;
+            }
+
             /**
              * HAL workaround:
              * Insert a fake trigger ID if a trigger is set but no trigger ID is
@@ -3948,11 +3975,15 @@
         nsecs_t waitDuration = kBaseGetBufferWait + parent->getExpectedInFlightDuration();
 
         SurfaceMap uniqueSurfaceIdMap;
+        bool containsHalBufferManagedStream = false;
         for (size_t j = 0; j < captureRequest->mOutputStreams.size(); j++) {
             sp<Camera3OutputStreamInterface> outputStream =
                     captureRequest->mOutputStreams.editItemAt(j);
             int streamId = outputStream->getId();
-
+            if (!containsHalBufferManagedStream) {
+                containsHalBufferManagedStream =
+                        contains(mHalBufManagedStreamIds, streamId);
+            }
             // Prepare video buffers for high speed recording on the first video request.
             if (mPrepareVideoStream && outputStream->isVideoStream()) {
                 // Only try to prepare video stream on the first video request.
@@ -3984,7 +4015,7 @@
                 uniqueSurfaceIdMap.insert({streamId, std::move(uniqueSurfaceIds)});
             }
 
-            if (mUseHalBufManager) {
+            if (parent->isHalBufferManagedStream(streamId)) {
                 if (outputStream->isAbandoned()) {
                     ALOGV("%s: stream %d is abandoned, skipping request", __FUNCTION__, streamId);
                     return TIMED_OUT;
@@ -4075,6 +4106,9 @@
                 isZslCapture = true;
             }
         }
+        bool passSurfaceMap =
+                mUseHalBufManager ||
+                        (flags::session_hal_buf_manager() && containsHalBufferManagedStream);
         auto expectedDurationInfo = calculateExpectedDurationRange(settings);
         res = parent->registerInFlight(halRequest->frame_number,
                 totalNumBuffers, captureRequest->mResultExtras,
@@ -4086,7 +4120,7 @@
                 requestedPhysicalCameras, isStillCapture, isZslCapture,
                 captureRequest->mRotateAndCropAuto, captureRequest->mAutoframingAuto,
                 mPrevCameraIdsWithZoom,
-                (mUseHalBufManager) ? uniqueSurfaceIdMap :
+                passSurfaceMap ? uniqueSurfaceIdMap :
                                       SurfaceMap{}, captureRequest->mRequestTimeNs);
         ALOGVV("%s: registered in flight requestId = %" PRId32 ", frameNumber = %" PRId64
                ", burstId = %" PRId32 ".",
@@ -4189,7 +4223,8 @@
 }
 
 void Camera3Device::RequestThread::signalPipelineDrain(const std::vector<int>& streamIds) {
-    if (!mUseHalBufManager) {
+    if (!mUseHalBufManager &&
+            (flags::session_hal_buf_manager() && mHalBufManagedStreamIds.size() == 0)) {
         ALOGE("%s called for camera device not supporting HAL buffer management", __FUNCTION__);
         return;
     }
@@ -4341,22 +4376,28 @@
             captureRequest->mInputStream->returnInputBuffer(captureRequest->mInputBuffer);
         }
 
-        // No output buffer can be returned when using HAL buffer manager
-        if (!mUseHalBufManager) {
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < halRequest->num_output_buffers; i++) {
-                //Buffers that failed processing could still have
-                //valid acquire fence.
-                int acquireFence = (*outputBuffers)[i].acquire_fence;
-                if (0 <= acquireFence) {
-                    close(acquireFence);
-                    outputBuffers->editItemAt(i).acquire_fence = -1;
-                }
-                outputBuffers->editItemAt(i).status = CAMERA_BUFFER_STATUS_ERROR;
-                captureRequest->mOutputStreams.editItemAt(i)->returnBuffer((*outputBuffers)[i],
-                        /*timestamp*/0, /*readoutTimestamp*/0,
-                        /*timestampIncreasing*/true, std::vector<size_t> (),
-                        captureRequest->mResultExtras.frameNumber);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < halRequest->num_output_buffers; i++) {
+            //Buffers that failed processing could still have
+            //valid acquire fence.
+            Camera3Stream *stream = Camera3Stream::cast((*outputBuffers)[i].stream);
+            int32_t streamId = stream->getId();
+            bool skipBufferForStream =
+                    mUseHalBufManager || (flags::session_hal_buf_manager() &&
+                            contains(mHalBufManagedStreamIds, streamId));
+            if (skipBufferForStream) {
+                // No output buffer can be returned when using HAL buffer manager for its stream
+                continue;
             }
+            int acquireFence = (*outputBuffers)[i].acquire_fence;
+            if (0 <= acquireFence) {
+                close(acquireFence);
+                outputBuffers->editItemAt(i).acquire_fence = -1;
+            }
+            outputBuffers->editItemAt(i).status = CAMERA_BUFFER_STATUS_ERROR;
+            captureRequest->mOutputStreams.editItemAt(i)->returnBuffer((*outputBuffers)[i],
+                    /*timestamp*/0, /*readoutTimestamp*/0,
+                    /*timestampIncreasing*/true, std::vector<size_t> (),
+                    captureRequest->mResultExtras.frameNumber);
         }
 
         if (sendRequestError) {
@@ -4436,11 +4477,6 @@
     return;
 }
 
-void Camera3Device::RequestThread::setRequestClearing() {
-    Mutex::Autolock l(mRequestLock);
-    mRequestClearing = true;
-}
-
 sp<Camera3Device::CaptureRequest>
         Camera3Device::RequestThread::waitForNextRequestLocked() {
     status_t res;
@@ -4899,6 +4935,45 @@
     return false;
 }
 
+void Camera3Device::RequestThread::injectSessionParams(
+    const sp<CaptureRequest> &request,
+    const CameraMetadata& injectedSessionParams) {
+    CameraMetadata &requestMetadata = request->mSettingsList.begin()->metadata;
+    uint32_t tag_section;
+    camera_metadata_ro_entry entry;
+    for (auto tag : mSessionParamKeys) {
+        tag_section = tag >> 16;
+        if (tag_section < VENDOR_SECTION) {
+            // Only allow injection of vendor tags.
+            continue;
+        }
+        entry = injectedSessionParams.find(tag);
+        if (entry.count > 0) {
+            requestMetadata.update(entry);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+status_t Camera3Device::RequestThread::setInjectedSessionParams(
+        const CameraMetadata& injectedSessionParams) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    Mutex::Autolock l(mTriggerMutex);
+    mInjectedSessionParams = injectedSessionParams;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t Camera3Device::injectSessionParams(const CameraMetadata& injectedSessionParams) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    Mutex::Autolock il(mInterfaceLock);
+    Mutex::Autolock l(mLock);
+
+    if (mRequestThread == nullptr) {
+        return INVALID_OPERATION;
+    }
+
+    return mRequestThread->setInjectedSessionParams(injectedSessionParams);
+}
+
 bool Camera3Device::RequestThread::overrideTestPattern(
         const sp<CaptureRequest> &request) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
@@ -5239,6 +5314,27 @@
     return OK;
 }
 
+status_t Camera3Device::RequestBufferStateMachine::deInit() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    sp<StatusTracker> statusTracker = mStatusTracker.promote();
+    if (statusTracker == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: statusTracker is null", __FUNCTION__);
+        return INVALID_OPERATION;
+    }
+    if (mRequestBufferStatusId == StatusTracker::NO_STATUS_ID) {
+        ALOGE("%s: RequestBufferStateMachine not initialized", __FUNCTION__);
+        return INVALID_OPERATION;
+    }
+    statusTracker->removeComponent(mRequestBufferStatusId);
+    // Bring back to de-initialized state
+    mRequestBufferStatusId = StatusTracker::NO_STATUS_ID;
+    mRequestThreadPaused = true;
+    mInflightMapEmpty = true;
+    mRequestBufferOngoing = false;
+    mSwitchedToOffline = false;
+    return OK;
+}
+
 bool Camera3Device::RequestBufferStateMachine::startRequestBuffer() {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
     if (mStatus == RB_STATUS_READY || mStatus == RB_STATUS_PENDING_STOP) {
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.h
index 4eed4b5..498ef55 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.h
@@ -97,6 +97,10 @@
         return mInterface->getTransportType();
     }
 
+    bool isHalBufferManagedStream(int32_t streamId) const {
+        return mInterface->isHalBufferManagedStream(streamId);
+    };
+
     /**
      * CameraDeviceBase interface
      */
@@ -338,6 +342,11 @@
      */
     status_t stopInjection();
 
+    /**
+     * Inject session params into the current client.
+     */
+    status_t injectSessionParams(const CameraMetadata& sessionParams);
+
   protected:
     status_t disconnectImpl();
     static status_t removeFwkOnlyRegionKeys(CameraMetadata *request);
@@ -385,7 +394,6 @@
     int                        mOperatingMode;
     // Current session wide parameters
     hardware::camera2::impl::CameraMetadataNative mSessionParams;
-
     // Constant to use for no set operating mode
     static const int           NO_MODE = -1;
 
@@ -472,6 +480,9 @@
 
         /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
+        //Check if a stream is hal buffer managed
+        bool isHalBufferManagedStream(int32_t streamId) const;
+
         // Get a vector of (frameNumber, streamId) pair of currently inflight
         // buffers
         void getInflightBufferKeys(std::vector<std::pair<int32_t, int32_t>>* out);
@@ -543,7 +554,9 @@
 
         uint32_t mNextStreamConfigCounter = 1;
 
-        const bool mUseHalBufManager;
+        // TODO: This can be removed after flags::session_hal_buf_manager is removed
+        bool mUseHalBufManager = false;
+        std::set<int32_t > mHalBufManagedStreamIds;
         bool mIsReconfigurationQuerySupported;
 
         const bool mSupportOfflineProcessing;
@@ -943,8 +956,12 @@
          */
         void     setPaused(bool paused);
 
-        // set mRequestClearing - no new requests are expected to be queued to RequestThread
-        void setRequestClearing();
+        /**
+         * Set Hal buffer managed streams
+         * @param halBufferManagedStreams The streams for which hal buffer manager is enabled
+         *
+         */
+        void setHalBufferManagedStreams(const std::set<int32_t> &halBufferManagedStreams);
 
         /**
          * Wait until thread processes the capture request with settings'
@@ -1003,6 +1020,12 @@
 
         status_t setHalInterface(sp<HalInterface> newHalInterface);
 
+        status_t setInjectedSessionParams(const CameraMetadata& sessionParams);
+
+        void injectSessionParams(
+            const sp<CaptureRequest> &request,
+            const CameraMetadata& injectedSessionParams);
+
       protected:
 
         virtual bool threadLoop();
@@ -1183,10 +1206,13 @@
 
         Vector<int32_t>    mSessionParamKeys;
         CameraMetadata     mLatestSessionParams;
+        CameraMetadata     mInjectedSessionParams;
+        bool               mForceNewRequestAfterReconfigure;
 
         std::map<int32_t, std::set<std::string>> mGroupIdPhysicalCameraMap;
 
-        const bool         mUseHalBufManager;
+        bool               mUseHalBufManager = false;
+        std::set<int32_t > mHalBufManagedStreamIds;
         const bool         mSupportCameraMute;
         const bool         mOverrideToPortrait;
         const bool         mSupportSettingsOverride;
@@ -1377,7 +1403,8 @@
 
     // Whether HAL request buffers through requestStreamBuffers API
     bool mUseHalBufManager = false;
-
+    std::set<int32_t > mHalBufManagedStreamIds;
+    bool mSessionHalBufManager = false;
     // Lock to ensure requestStreamBuffers() callbacks are serialized
     std::mutex mRequestBufferInterfaceLock;
 
@@ -1413,6 +1440,8 @@
       public:
         status_t initialize(sp<camera3::StatusTracker> statusTracker);
 
+        status_t deInit();
+
         // Return if the state machine currently allows for requestBuffers
         // If the state allows for it, mRequestBufferOngoing will be set to true
         // and caller must call endRequestBuffer() later to unset the flag
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OfflineSession.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OfflineSession.cpp
index 172b62a..1025061 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OfflineSession.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OfflineSession.cpp
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
         mTagMonitor(offlineStates.mTagMonitor),
         mVendorTagId(offlineStates.mVendorTagId),
         mUseHalBufManager(offlineStates.mUseHalBufManager),
+        mHalBufManagedStreamIds(offlineStates.mHalBufManagedStreamIds),
         mNeedFixupMonochromeTags(offlineStates.mNeedFixupMonochromeTags),
         mUsePartialResult(offlineStates.mUsePartialResult),
         mNumPartialResults(offlineStates.mNumPartialResults),
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@
 
     FlushInflightReqStates states {
         mId, mOfflineReqsLock, mOfflineReqs, mUseHalBufManager,
-        listener, *this, mBufferRecords, *this, mSessionStatsBuilder};
+        mHalBufManagedStreamIds, listener, *this, mBufferRecords, *this, mSessionStatsBuilder};
 
     camera3::flushInflightRequests(states);
 
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OfflineSession.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OfflineSession.h
index b5fd486..1ef3921 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OfflineSession.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OfflineSession.h
@@ -51,7 +51,8 @@
 struct Camera3OfflineStates {
     Camera3OfflineStates(
             const TagMonitor& tagMonitor, const metadata_vendor_id_t vendorTagId,
-            const bool useHalBufManager, const bool needFixupMonochromeTags,
+            const bool useHalBufManager, const std::set<int32_t> &halBufferManagedStreamIds,
+            const bool needFixupMonochromeTags,
             const bool usePartialResult, const uint32_t numPartialResults,
             const int64_t lastCompletedRegularFN, const int64_t lastCompletedReprocessFN,
             const int64_t lastCompletedZslFN, const uint32_t nextResultFN,
@@ -64,7 +65,8 @@
             const std::unordered_map<std::string, camera3::RotateAndCropMapper>&
                 rotateAndCropMappers) :
             mTagMonitor(tagMonitor), mVendorTagId(vendorTagId),
-            mUseHalBufManager(useHalBufManager), mNeedFixupMonochromeTags(needFixupMonochromeTags),
+            mUseHalBufManager(useHalBufManager), mHalBufManagedStreamIds(halBufferManagedStreamIds),
+            mNeedFixupMonochromeTags(needFixupMonochromeTags),
             mUsePartialResult(usePartialResult), mNumPartialResults(numPartialResults),
             mLastCompletedRegularFrameNumber(lastCompletedRegularFN),
             mLastCompletedReprocessFrameNumber(lastCompletedReprocessFN),
@@ -85,6 +87,7 @@
     const metadata_vendor_id_t mVendorTagId;
 
     const bool mUseHalBufManager;
+    const std::set<int32_t > &mHalBufManagedStreamIds;
     const bool mNeedFixupMonochromeTags;
 
     const bool mUsePartialResult;
@@ -181,6 +184,7 @@
     const metadata_vendor_id_t mVendorTagId;
 
     const bool mUseHalBufManager;
+    const std::set<int32_t > &mHalBufManagedStreamIds;
     const bool mNeedFixupMonochromeTags;
 
     const bool mUsePartialResult;
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputUtils.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputUtils.cpp
index 1e7e337..f764645 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputUtils.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputUtils.cpp
@@ -45,13 +45,17 @@
 #include <camera/CameraUtils.h>
 #include <camera/StringUtils.h>
 #include <camera_metadata_hidden.h>
+#include <com_android_internal_camera_flags.h>
 
 #include "device3/Camera3OutputUtils.h"
+#include "utils/SessionConfigurationUtils.h"
 
 #include "system/camera_metadata.h"
 
 using namespace android::camera3;
+using namespace android::camera3::SessionConfigurationUtils;
 using namespace android::hardware::camera;
+namespace flags = com::android::internal::camera::flags;
 
 namespace android {
 namespace camera3 {
@@ -159,6 +163,23 @@
     return res;
 }
 
+status_t fixupManualFlashStrengthControlTags(CameraMetadata& resultMetadata) {
+    status_t res = OK;
+    camera_metadata_entry strengthLevelEntry =
+            resultMetadata.find(ANDROID_FLASH_STRENGTH_LEVEL);
+    if (strengthLevelEntry.count == 0) {
+        const int32_t defaultStrengthLevelEntry = ANDROID_FLASH_STRENGTH_LEVEL;
+        res = resultMetadata.update(ANDROID_FLASH_STRENGTH_LEVEL, &defaultStrengthLevelEntry, 1);
+        if (res != OK) {
+            ALOGE("%s: Failed to update ANDROID_FLASH_STRENGTH_LEVEL: %s (%d)",
+                  __FUNCTION__, strerror(-res), res);
+            return res;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
 void correctMeteringRegions(camera_metadata_t *meta) {
     if (meta == nullptr) return;
 
@@ -261,7 +282,7 @@
 
     auto mapper = states.rotateAndCropMappers.find(states.cameraId);
     if (mapper != states.rotateAndCropMappers.end()) {
-        const auto& remappedKeys = iter->second.getRemappedKeys();
+        const auto& remappedKeys = mapper->second.getRemappedKeys();
         keysToRemove.insert(remappedKeys.begin(), remappedKeys.end());
     }
 
@@ -385,6 +406,22 @@
         }
     }
 
+    // Fix up manual flash strength control metadata
+    res = fixupManualFlashStrengthControlTags(captureResult.mMetadata);
+    if (res != OK) {
+        SET_ERR("Failed to set flash strength level defaults in result metadata: %s (%d)",
+                strerror(-res), res);
+        return;
+    }
+    for (auto& physicalMetadata : captureResult.mPhysicalMetadatas) {
+        res = fixupManualFlashStrengthControlTags(physicalMetadata.mPhysicalCameraMetadata);
+        if (res != OK) {
+            SET_ERR("Failed to set flash strength level defaults in physical result"
+                    " metadata: %s (%d)", strerror(-res), res);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
     // Fix up autoframing metadata
     res = fixupAutoframingTags(captureResult.mMetadata);
     if (res != OK) {
@@ -462,7 +499,8 @@
     states.inflightIntf.onInflightEntryRemovedLocked(duration);
 }
 
-void removeInFlightRequestIfReadyLocked(CaptureOutputStates& states, int idx) {
+void removeInFlightRequestIfReadyLocked(CaptureOutputStates& states, int idx,
+        std::vector<BufferToReturn> *returnableBuffers) {
     InFlightRequestMap& inflightMap = states.inflightMap;
     const InFlightRequest &request = inflightMap.valueAt(idx);
     const uint32_t frameNumber = inflightMap.keyAt(idx);
@@ -500,11 +538,13 @@
         assert(request.requestStatus != OK ||
                request.pendingOutputBuffers.size() == 0);
 
-        returnOutputBuffers(
-            states.useHalBufManager, states.listener,
+        collectReturnableOutputBuffers(
+            states.useHalBufManager, states.halBufManagedStreamIds,
+            states.listener,
             request.pendingOutputBuffers.array(),
             request.pendingOutputBuffers.size(), /*timestamp*/0, /*readoutTimestamp*/0,
             /*requested*/true, request.requestTimeNs, states.sessionStatsBuilder,
+            /*out*/ returnableBuffers,
             /*timestampIncreasing*/true,
             request.outputSurfaces, request.resultExtras,
             request.errorBufStrategy, request.transform);
@@ -599,6 +639,7 @@
     // in-flight request and they will be returned when the shutter timestamp
     // arrives. Update the in-flight status and remove the in-flight entry if
     // all result data and shutter timestamp have been received.
+    std::vector<BufferToReturn> returnableBuffers{};
     nsecs_t shutterTimestamp = 0;
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(states.inflightLock);
@@ -760,9 +801,11 @@
         request.pendingOutputBuffers.appendArray(result->output_buffers,
                 result->num_output_buffers);
         if (shutterTimestamp != 0) {
-            returnAndRemovePendingOutputBuffers(
-                states.useHalBufManager, states.listener,
-                request, states.sessionStatsBuilder);
+            collectAndRemovePendingOutputBuffers(
+                states.useHalBufManager, states.halBufManagedStreamIds,
+                states.listener,
+                request, states.sessionStatsBuilder,
+                /*out*/ &returnableBuffers);
         }
 
         if (result->result != NULL && !isPartialResult) {
@@ -787,9 +830,18 @@
                     request.physicalMetadatas);
             }
         }
-        removeInFlightRequestIfReadyLocked(states, idx);
+        removeInFlightRequestIfReadyLocked(states, idx, &returnableBuffers);
+        if (!flags::return_buffers_outside_locks()) {
+            finishReturningOutputBuffers(returnableBuffers,
+                states.listener, states.sessionStatsBuilder);
+        }
     } // scope for states.inFlightLock
 
+    if (flags::return_buffers_outside_locks()) {
+        finishReturningOutputBuffers(returnableBuffers,
+                states.listener, states.sessionStatsBuilder);
+    }
+
     if (result->input_buffer != NULL) {
         if (hasInputBufferInRequest) {
             Camera3Stream *stream =
@@ -810,16 +862,17 @@
     }
 }
 
-void returnOutputBuffers(
+void collectReturnableOutputBuffers(
         bool useHalBufManager,
+        const std::set<int32_t> &halBufferManagedStreams,
         sp<NotificationListener> listener,
         const camera_stream_buffer_t *outputBuffers, size_t numBuffers,
         nsecs_t timestamp, nsecs_t readoutTimestamp, bool requested,
         nsecs_t requestTimeNs, SessionStatsBuilder& sessionStatsBuilder,
+        /*out*/ std::vector<BufferToReturn> *returnableBuffers,
         bool timestampIncreasing, const SurfaceMap& outputSurfaces,
-        const CaptureResultExtras &inResultExtras,
+        const CaptureResultExtras &resultExtras,
         ERROR_BUF_STRATEGY errorBufStrategy, int32_t transform) {
-
     for (size_t i = 0; i < numBuffers; i++)
     {
         Camera3StreamInterface *stream = Camera3Stream::cast(outputBuffers[i].stream);
@@ -829,7 +882,7 @@
         if (outputBuffers[i].status == CAMERA_BUFFER_STATUS_ERROR &&
                 errorBufStrategy == ERROR_BUF_RETURN_NOTIFY) {
             if (listener != nullptr) {
-                CaptureResultExtras extras = inResultExtras;
+                CaptureResultExtras extras = resultExtras;
                 extras.errorStreamId = streamId;
                 listener->notifyError(
                         hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceCallbacks::ERROR_CAMERA_BUFFER,
@@ -838,7 +891,9 @@
         }
 
         if (outputBuffers[i].buffer == nullptr) {
-            if (!useHalBufManager) {
+            if (!useHalBufManager &&
+                    !(flags::session_hal_buf_manager() &&
+                            contains(halBufferManagedStreams, streamId))) {
                 // With HAL buffer management API, HAL sometimes will have to return buffers that
                 // has not got a output buffer handle filled yet. This is though illegal if HAL
                 // buffer management API is not being used.
@@ -852,22 +907,35 @@
         }
 
         const auto& it = outputSurfaces.find(streamId);
-        status_t res = OK;
 
         // Do not return the buffer if the buffer status is error, and the error
         // buffer strategy is CACHE.
         if (outputBuffers[i].status != CAMERA_BUFFER_STATUS_ERROR ||
                 errorBufStrategy != ERROR_BUF_CACHE) {
             if (it != outputSurfaces.end()) {
-                res = stream->returnBuffer(
+                returnableBuffers->emplace_back(stream,
                         outputBuffers[i], timestamp, readoutTimestamp, timestampIncreasing,
-                        it->second, inResultExtras.frameNumber, transform);
+                        it->second, resultExtras,
+                        transform, requested ? requestTimeNs : 0);
             } else {
-                res = stream->returnBuffer(
+                returnableBuffers->emplace_back(stream,
                         outputBuffers[i], timestamp, readoutTimestamp, timestampIncreasing,
-                        std::vector<size_t> (), inResultExtras.frameNumber, transform);
+                        std::vector<size_t> (), resultExtras,
+                        transform, requested ? requestTimeNs : 0 );
             }
         }
+    }
+}
+
+void finishReturningOutputBuffers(const std::vector<BufferToReturn> &returnableBuffers,
+        sp<NotificationListener> listener, SessionStatsBuilder& sessionStatsBuilder) {
+    for (auto& b : returnableBuffers) {
+        const int streamId = b.stream->getId();
+
+        status_t res = b.stream->returnBuffer(b.buffer, b.timestamp,
+                b.readoutTimestamp, b.timestampIncreasing,
+                b.surfaceIds, b.resultExtras.frameNumber, b.transform);
+
         // Note: stream may be deallocated at this point, if this buffer was
         // the last reference to it.
         bool dropped = false;
@@ -878,50 +946,55 @@
             ALOGE("Can't return buffer to its stream: %s (%d)", strerror(-res), res);
             dropped = true;
         } else {
-            if (outputBuffers[i].status == CAMERA_BUFFER_STATUS_ERROR || timestamp == 0) {
+            if (b.buffer.status == CAMERA_BUFFER_STATUS_ERROR || b.timestamp == 0) {
                 dropped = true;
             }
         }
-        if (requested) {
+        if (b.requestTimeNs > 0) {
             nsecs_t bufferTimeNs = systemTime();
-            int32_t captureLatencyMs = ns2ms(bufferTimeNs - requestTimeNs);
+            int32_t captureLatencyMs = ns2ms(bufferTimeNs - b.requestTimeNs);
             sessionStatsBuilder.incCounter(streamId, dropped, captureLatencyMs);
         }
 
         // Long processing consumers can cause returnBuffer timeout for shared stream
         // If that happens, cancel the buffer and send a buffer error to client
-        if (it != outputSurfaces.end() && res == TIMED_OUT &&
-                outputBuffers[i].status == CAMERA_BUFFER_STATUS_OK) {
+        if (b.surfaceIds.size() > 0 && res == TIMED_OUT &&
+                b.buffer.status == CAMERA_BUFFER_STATUS_OK) {
             // cancel the buffer
-            camera_stream_buffer_t sb = outputBuffers[i];
+            camera_stream_buffer_t sb = b.buffer;
             sb.status = CAMERA_BUFFER_STATUS_ERROR;
-            stream->returnBuffer(sb, /*timestamp*/0, /*readoutTimestamp*/0,
-                    timestampIncreasing, std::vector<size_t> (),
-                    inResultExtras.frameNumber, transform);
+            b.stream->returnBuffer(sb, /*timestamp*/0, /*readoutTimestamp*/0,
+                    b.timestampIncreasing, std::vector<size_t> (),
+                    b.resultExtras.frameNumber, b.transform);
 
             if (listener != nullptr) {
-                CaptureResultExtras extras = inResultExtras;
+                CaptureResultExtras extras = b.resultExtras;
                 extras.errorStreamId = streamId;
                 listener->notifyError(
                         hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceCallbacks::ERROR_CAMERA_BUFFER,
                         extras);
             }
         }
+
     }
 }
 
-void returnAndRemovePendingOutputBuffers(bool useHalBufManager,
+void collectAndRemovePendingOutputBuffers(bool useHalBufManager,
+        const std::set<int32_t> &halBufferManagedStreams,
         sp<NotificationListener> listener, InFlightRequest& request,
-        SessionStatsBuilder& sessionStatsBuilder) {
+        SessionStatsBuilder& sessionStatsBuilder,
+        std::vector<BufferToReturn> *returnableBuffers) {
     bool timestampIncreasing =
             !((request.zslCapture && request.stillCapture) || request.hasInputBuffer);
     nsecs_t readoutTimestamp = request.resultExtras.hasReadoutTimestamp ?
             request.resultExtras.readoutTimestamp : 0;
-    returnOutputBuffers(useHalBufManager, listener,
+    collectReturnableOutputBuffers(useHalBufManager, halBufferManagedStreams, listener,
             request.pendingOutputBuffers.array(),
             request.pendingOutputBuffers.size(),
             request.shutterTimestamp, readoutTimestamp,
-            /*requested*/true, request.requestTimeNs, sessionStatsBuilder, timestampIncreasing,
+            /*requested*/true, request.requestTimeNs, sessionStatsBuilder,
+            /*out*/ returnableBuffers,
+            timestampIncreasing,
             request.outputSurfaces, request.resultExtras,
             request.errorBufStrategy, request.transform);
 
@@ -941,6 +1014,8 @@
     ATRACE_CALL();
     ssize_t idx;
 
+    std::vector<BufferToReturn> returnableBuffers{};
+
     // Set timestamp for the request in the in-flight tracking
     // and get the request ID to send upstream
     {
@@ -1018,16 +1093,30 @@
                     r.hasInputBuffer, r.zslCapture && r.stillCapture,
                     r.rotateAndCropAuto, cameraIdsWithZoom, r.physicalMetadatas);
             }
-            returnAndRemovePendingOutputBuffers(
-                    states.useHalBufManager, states.listener, r, states.sessionStatsBuilder);
+            collectAndRemovePendingOutputBuffers(
+                    states.useHalBufManager, states.halBufManagedStreamIds,
+                    states.listener, r, states.sessionStatsBuilder, &returnableBuffers);
 
-            removeInFlightRequestIfReadyLocked(states, idx);
+            if (!flags::return_buffers_outside_locks()) {
+                finishReturningOutputBuffers(returnableBuffers,
+                        states.listener, states.sessionStatsBuilder);
+            }
+
+            removeInFlightRequestIfReadyLocked(states, idx, &returnableBuffers);
+
         }
     }
     if (idx < 0) {
         SET_ERR("Shutter notification for non-existent frame number %d",
                 msg.frame_number);
     }
+    // With no locks held, finish returning buffers to streams, which may take a while since
+    // binder calls are involved
+    if (flags::return_buffers_outside_locks()) {
+        finishReturningOutputBuffers(returnableBuffers,
+                states.listener, states.sessionStatsBuilder);
+    }
+
 }
 
 void notifyError(CaptureOutputStates& states, const camera_error_msg_t &msg) {
@@ -1073,6 +1162,8 @@
             break;
         case hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceCallbacks::ERROR_CAMERA_REQUEST:
         case hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceCallbacks::ERROR_CAMERA_RESULT:
+        {
+            std::vector<BufferToReturn> returnableBuffers{};
             {
                 std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(states.inflightLock);
                 ssize_t idx = states.inflightMap.indexOfKey(msg.frame_number);
@@ -1109,7 +1200,12 @@
 
                         // Check whether the buffers returned. If they returned,
                         // remove inflight request.
-                        removeInFlightRequestIfReadyLocked(states, idx);
+                        removeInFlightRequestIfReadyLocked(states, idx, &returnableBuffers);
+                        if (!flags::return_buffers_outside_locks()) {
+                            finishReturningOutputBuffers(returnableBuffers,
+                                    states.listener, states.sessionStatsBuilder);
+                        }
+
                     }
                 } else {
                     resultExtras.frameNumber = msg.frame_number;
@@ -1118,6 +1214,12 @@
                             resultExtras.frameNumber);
                 }
             }
+
+            if (flags::return_buffers_outside_locks()) {
+                finishReturningOutputBuffers(returnableBuffers,
+                        states.listener, states.sessionStatsBuilder);
+            }
+
             resultExtras.errorStreamId = streamId;
             if (states.listener != nullptr) {
                 states.listener->notifyError(errorCode, resultExtras);
@@ -1126,6 +1228,7 @@
                         states.cameraId.c_str(), __FUNCTION__);
             }
             break;
+        }
         case hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceCallbacks::ERROR_CAMERA_BUFFER:
             // Do not depend on HAL ERROR_CAMERA_BUFFER to send buffer error
             // callback to the app. Rather, use STATUS_ERROR of image buffers.
@@ -1155,17 +1258,24 @@
 
 void flushInflightRequests(FlushInflightReqStates& states) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
+    std::vector<BufferToReturn> returnableBuffers{};
     { // First return buffers cached in inFlightMap
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(states.inflightLock);
         for (size_t idx = 0; idx < states.inflightMap.size(); idx++) {
             const InFlightRequest &request = states.inflightMap.valueAt(idx);
-            returnOutputBuffers(
-                states.useHalBufManager, states.listener,
+            collectReturnableOutputBuffers(
+                states.useHalBufManager, states.halBufManagedStreamIds,
+                states.listener,
                 request.pendingOutputBuffers.array(),
                 request.pendingOutputBuffers.size(), /*timestamp*/0, /*readoutTimestamp*/0,
                 /*requested*/true, request.requestTimeNs, states.sessionStatsBuilder,
+                /*out*/ &returnableBuffers,
                 /*timestampIncreasing*/true, request.outputSurfaces, request.resultExtras,
                 request.errorBufStrategy);
+            if (!flags::return_buffers_outside_locks()) {
+                finishReturningOutputBuffers(returnableBuffers,
+                        states.listener, states.sessionStatsBuilder);
+            }
             ALOGW("%s: Frame %d |  Timestamp: %" PRId64 ", metadata"
                     " arrived: %s, buffers left: %d.\n", __FUNCTION__,
                     states.inflightMap.keyAt(idx), request.shutterTimestamp,
@@ -1176,6 +1286,10 @@
         states.inflightMap.clear();
         states.inflightIntf.onInflightMapFlushedLocked();
     }
+    if (flags::return_buffers_outside_locks()) {
+        finishReturningOutputBuffers(returnableBuffers,
+                states.listener, states.sessionStatsBuilder);
+    }
 
     // Then return all inflight buffers not returned by HAL
     std::vector<std::pair<int32_t, int32_t>> inflightKeys;
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputUtils.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputUtils.h
index 134c037..75864d7 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputUtils.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputUtils.h
@@ -44,15 +44,50 @@
      * Helper methods shared between Camera3Device/Camera3OfflineSession for HAL callbacks
      */
 
-    // helper function to return the output buffers to output streams. The
-    // function also optionally calls notify(ERROR_BUFFER).
-    void returnOutputBuffers(
+    struct BufferToReturn {
+        Camera3StreamInterface *stream;
+        camera_stream_buffer_t buffer;
+        nsecs_t timestamp;
+        nsecs_t readoutTimestamp;
+        bool timestampIncreasing;
+        std::vector<size_t> surfaceIds;
+        const CaptureResultExtras resultExtras;
+        int32_t transform;
+        nsecs_t requestTimeNs;
+
+        BufferToReturn(Camera3StreamInterface *stream,
+                camera_stream_buffer_t buffer,
+                nsecs_t timestamp, nsecs_t readoutTimestamp,
+                bool timestampIncreasing, std::vector<size_t> surfaceIds,
+                const CaptureResultExtras &resultExtras,
+                int32_t transform, nsecs_t requestTimeNs):
+            stream(stream),
+            buffer(buffer),
+            timestamp(timestamp),
+            readoutTimestamp(readoutTimestamp),
+            timestampIncreasing(timestampIncreasing),
+            surfaceIds(surfaceIds),
+            resultExtras(resultExtras),
+            transform(transform),
+            requestTimeNs(requestTimeNs) {}
+    };
+
+    // helper function to return the output buffers to output
+    // streams. The function also optionally calls
+    // notify(ERROR_BUFFER).  Returns the list of buffers to hand back
+    // to streams in returnableBuffers.  Does not make any two-way
+    // binder calls, so suitable for use when critical locks are being
+    // held
+    void collectReturnableOutputBuffers(
             bool useHalBufManager,
+            const std::set<int32_t> &halBufferManagedStreams,
             sp<NotificationListener> listener, // Only needed when outputSurfaces is not empty
             const camera_stream_buffer_t *outputBuffers,
             size_t numBuffers, nsecs_t timestamp,
             nsecs_t readoutTimestamp, bool requested, nsecs_t requestTimeNs,
-            SessionStatsBuilder& sessionStatsBuilder, bool timestampIncreasing = true,
+            SessionStatsBuilder& sessionStatsBuilder,
+            /*out*/ std::vector<BufferToReturn> *returnableBuffers,
+            bool timestampIncreasing = true,
             // The following arguments are only meant for surface sharing use case
             const SurfaceMap& outputSurfaces = SurfaceMap{},
             // Used to send buffer error callback when failing to return buffer
@@ -60,13 +95,24 @@
             ERROR_BUF_STRATEGY errorBufStrategy = ERROR_BUF_RETURN,
             int32_t transform = -1);
 
-    // helper function to return the output buffers to output streams, and
-    // remove the returned buffers from the inflight request's pending buffers
-    // vector.
-    void returnAndRemovePendingOutputBuffers(
+    // helper function to collect the output buffers ready to be
+    // returned to output streams, and to remove these buffers from
+    // the inflight request's pending buffers vector.  Does not make
+    // any two-way binder calls, so suitable for use when critical
+    // locks are being held
+    void collectAndRemovePendingOutputBuffers(
             bool useHalBufManager,
+            const std::set<int32_t> &halBufferManagedStreams,
             sp<NotificationListener> listener, // Only needed when outputSurfaces is not empty
-            InFlightRequest& request, SessionStatsBuilder& sessionStatsBuilder);
+            InFlightRequest& request, SessionStatsBuilder& sessionStatsBuilder,
+            /*out*/ std::vector<BufferToReturn> *returnableBuffers);
+
+    // Actually return filled output buffers to the consumer to use, using the list
+    // provided by collectReturnableOutputBuffers / collectAndRemovePendingOutputBuffers
+    // Makes two-way binder calls to applications, so do not hold any critical locks when
+    // calling.
+    void finishReturningOutputBuffers(const std::vector<BufferToReturn> &returnableBuffers,
+            sp<NotificationListener> listener, SessionStatsBuilder& sessionStatsBuilder);
 
     // Camera3Device/Camera3OfflineSession internal states used in notify/processCaptureResult
     // callbacks
@@ -87,6 +133,7 @@
         uint32_t& nextReprocResultFrameNum;
         uint32_t& nextZslResultFrameNum; // end of outputLock scope
         const bool useHalBufManager;
+        const std::set<int32_t > &halBufManagedStreamIds;
         const bool usePartialResult;
         const bool needFixupMonoChrome;
         const uint32_t numPartialResults;
@@ -118,6 +165,7 @@
         const std::string& cameraId;
         std::mutex& reqBufferLock; // lock to serialize request buffer calls
         const bool useHalBufManager;
+        const std::set<int32_t > &halBufManagedStreamIds;
         StreamSet& outputStreams;
         SessionStatsBuilder& sessionStatsBuilder;
         SetErrorInterface& setErrIntf;
@@ -128,6 +176,7 @@
     struct ReturnBufferStates {
         const std::string& cameraId;
         const bool useHalBufManager;
+        const std::set<int32_t > &halBufManagedStreamIds;
         StreamSet& outputStreams;
         SessionStatsBuilder& sessionStatsBuilder;
         BufferRecordsInterface& bufferRecordsIntf;
@@ -138,6 +187,7 @@
         std::mutex& inflightLock;
         InFlightRequestMap& inflightMap; // end of inflightLock scope
         const bool useHalBufManager;
+        const std::set<int32_t > &halBufManagedStreamIds;
         sp<NotificationListener> listener;
         InflightRequestUpdateInterface& inflightIntf;
         BufferRecordsInterface& bufferRecordsIntf;
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputUtilsTemplated.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputUtilsTemplated.h
index 3ac666b..aca7a67 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputUtilsTemplated.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputUtilsTemplated.h
@@ -32,13 +32,17 @@
 
 #include <camera/CameraUtils.h>
 #include <camera_metadata_hidden.h>
+#include <com_android_internal_camera_flags.h>
 
 #include "device3/Camera3OutputUtils.h"
+#include "utils/SessionConfigurationUtils.h"
 
 #include "system/camera_metadata.h"
 
 using namespace android::camera3;
+using namespace android::camera3::SessionConfigurationUtils;
 using namespace android::hardware::camera;
+namespace flags = com::android::internal::camera::flags;
 
 namespace android {
 namespace camera3 {
@@ -207,7 +211,9 @@
 
         bool noBufferReturned = false;
         buffer_handle_t *buffer = nullptr;
-        if (states.useHalBufManager) {
+        if (states.useHalBufManager ||
+                (flags::session_hal_buf_manager() &&
+                        contains(states.halBufManagedStreamIds, bSrc.streamId))) {
             // This is suspicious most of the time but can be correct during flush where HAL
             // has to return capture result before a buffer is requested
             if (bSrc.bufferId == BUFFER_ID_NO_BUFFER) {
@@ -294,13 +300,15 @@
 template <class VecStreamBufferType>
 void returnStreamBuffersT(ReturnBufferStates& states,
         const VecStreamBufferType& buffers) {
-    if (!states.useHalBufManager) {
-        ALOGE("%s: Camera %s does not support HAL buffer managerment",
-                __FUNCTION__, states.cameraId.c_str());
-        return;
-    }
 
     for (const auto& buf : buffers) {
+        if (!states.useHalBufManager &&
+            !(flags::session_hal_buf_manager() &&
+             contains(states.halBufManagedStreamIds, buf.streamId))) {
+            ALOGE("%s: Camera %s does not support HAL buffer management for stream id %d",
+                  __FUNCTION__, states.cameraId.c_str(), buf.streamId);
+            return;
+        }
         if (buf.bufferId == BUFFER_ID_NO_BUFFER) {
             ALOGE("%s: cannot return a buffer without bufferId", __FUNCTION__);
             continue;
@@ -337,9 +345,15 @@
             continue;
         }
         streamBuffer.stream = stream->asHalStream();
-        returnOutputBuffers(states.useHalBufManager, /*listener*/nullptr,
-                &streamBuffer, /*size*/1, /*timestamp*/ 0, /*readoutTimestamp*/0,
-                /*requested*/false, /*requestTimeNs*/0, states.sessionStatsBuilder);
+        std::vector<BufferToReturn> returnableBuffers{};
+        collectReturnableOutputBuffers(states.useHalBufManager, states.halBufManagedStreamIds,
+                /*listener*/nullptr, &streamBuffer, /*size*/1, /*timestamp*/ 0,
+                /*readoutTimestamp*/0, /*requested*/false, /*requestTimeNs*/0,
+                states.sessionStatsBuilder,
+                /*out*/&returnableBuffers);
+        finishReturningOutputBuffers(returnableBuffers, /*listener*/ nullptr,
+                states.sessionStatsBuilder);
+
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3SharedOutputStream.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3SharedOutputStream.cpp
index 1191f05..22f97bf 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3SharedOutputStream.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3SharedOutputStream.cpp
@@ -106,6 +106,13 @@
     return res;
 }
 
+void Camera3SharedOutputStream::setHalBufferManager(bool enabled) {
+    Mutex::Autolock l(mLock);
+    mUseHalBufManager = enabled;
+    if (mStreamSplitter != nullptr) {
+        mStreamSplitter->setHalBufferManager(enabled);
+    }
+}
 
 status_t Camera3SharedOutputStream::notifyBufferReleased(ANativeWindowBuffer *anwBuffer) {
     Mutex::Autolock l(mLock);
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3SharedOutputStream.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3SharedOutputStream.h
index c2ff20e..90914d4 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3SharedOutputStream.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3SharedOutputStream.h
@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@
 
     virtual ~Camera3SharedOutputStream();
 
+    void setHalBufferManager(bool enabled) override;
+
     virtual status_t notifyBufferReleased(ANativeWindowBuffer *buffer);
 
     virtual bool isConsumerConfigurationDeferred(size_t surface_id) const;
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@
 
     // Whether HAL is in control for buffer management. Surface sharing behavior
     // depends on this flag.
-    const bool mUseHalBufManager;
+    bool mUseHalBufManager;
 
     // Pair of an output Surface and its unique ID
     typedef std::pair<sp<Surface>, size_t> SurfaceUniqueId;
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Stream.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Stream.cpp
index 23afa6e..701c472 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Stream.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Stream.cpp
@@ -772,7 +772,8 @@
 
     // Buffer status may be changed, so make a copy of the stream_buffer struct.
     camera_stream_buffer b = buffer;
-    if (timestampIncreasing && timestamp != 0 && timestamp <= mLastTimestamp) {
+    if (timestampIncreasing && timestamp != 0 && timestamp <= mLastTimestamp
+            && b.status != CAMERA_BUFFER_STATUS_ERROR) {
         ALOGE("%s: Stream %d: timestamp %" PRId64 " is not increasing. Prev timestamp %" PRId64,
                 __FUNCTION__, mId, timestamp, mLastTimestamp);
         b.status = CAMERA_BUFFER_STATUS_ERROR;
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Stream.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Stream.h
index 2bfaaab..f06ccf3 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Stream.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Stream.h
@@ -414,6 +414,11 @@
     virtual status_t setStatusTracker(sp<StatusTracker> statusTracker);
 
     /**
+     * Toggle the state of hal buffer manager
+     */
+    virtual void setHalBufferManager(bool /*enabled*/) {/* No-op */ }
+
+    /**
      * Disconnect stream from its non-HAL endpoint. After this,
      * start/finishConfiguration must be called before the stream can be used
      * again. This cannot be called if the stream has outstanding dequeued
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3StreamSplitter.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3StreamSplitter.cpp
index 8175eb5..255b4f2 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3StreamSplitter.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3StreamSplitter.cpp
@@ -184,6 +184,11 @@
     return res;
 }
 
+void Camera3StreamSplitter::setHalBufferManager(bool enabled) {
+    Mutex::Autolock lock(mMutex);
+    mUseHalBufManager = enabled;
+}
+
 status_t Camera3StreamSplitter::addOutputLocked(size_t surfaceId, const sp<Surface>& outputQueue) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     if (outputQueue == nullptr) {
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3StreamSplitter.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3StreamSplitter.h
index 639353c..1feb4a0 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3StreamSplitter.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3StreamSplitter.h
@@ -94,6 +94,8 @@
     // Disconnect the buffer queue from output surfaces.
     void disconnect();
 
+    void setHalBufferManager(bool enabled);
+
 private:
     // From IConsumerListener
     //
@@ -291,7 +293,7 @@
 
     std::string mConsumerName;
 
-    const bool mUseHalBufManager;
+    bool mUseHalBufManager;
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/CoordinateMapper.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/CoordinateMapper.h
index 558f4c0..c4cca3a 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/CoordinateMapper.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/CoordinateMapper.h
@@ -17,13 +17,17 @@
 #ifndef ANDROID_SERVERS_COORDINATEMAPPER_H
 #define ANDROID_SERVERS_COORDINATEMAPPER_H
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
+#include <com_android_internal_camera_flags.h>
 #include <set>
 
 namespace android {
 
 namespace camera3 {
 
+namespace flags = com::android::internal::camera::flags;
+
 class CoordinateMapper {
 public:
     // The result metadata tags that are to be re-mapped
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/DistortionMapper.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/DistortionMapper.cpp
index f0764b4..9a3f433 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/DistortionMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/DistortionMapper.cpp
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 
 namespace camera3 {
 
-
 DistortionMapper::DistortionMapper() {
     initRemappedKeys();
 }
@@ -44,6 +43,9 @@
             kResultPointsToCorrectNoClamp.begin(),
             kResultPointsToCorrectNoClamp.end());
     mRemappedKeys.insert(ANDROID_DISTORTION_CORRECTION_MODE);
+    if (flags::concert_mode()) {
+        mRemappedKeys.insert(ANDROID_LOGICAL_MULTI_CAMERA_ACTIVE_PHYSICAL_SENSOR_CROP_REGION);
+    }
 }
 
 bool DistortionMapper::isDistortionSupported(const CameraMetadata &deviceInfo) {
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/InFlightRequest.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/InFlightRequest.h
index 665ac73..3626f20 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/InFlightRequest.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/InFlightRequest.h
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@
     camera_stream_t **streams;
     uint32_t operation_mode;
     bool input_is_multi_resolution;
+    bool use_hal_buf_manager = false;
+    std::set<int32_t> hal_buffer_managed_streams;
 } camera_stream_configuration_t;
 
 typedef struct camera_capture_request {
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/RotateAndCropMapper.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/RotateAndCropMapper.cpp
index 9cdd365..8bb22a9 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/RotateAndCropMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/RotateAndCropMapper.cpp
@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@
 
     mRemappedKeys.insert(ANDROID_SCALER_ROTATE_AND_CROP);
     mRemappedKeys.insert(ANDROID_SCALER_CROP_REGION);
+    if (flags::concert_mode()) {
+        mRemappedKeys.insert(ANDROID_LOGICAL_MULTI_CAMERA_ACTIVE_PHYSICAL_SENSOR_CROP_REGION);
+    }
 }
 
 bool RotateAndCropMapper::isNeeded(const CameraMetadata* deviceInfo) {
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/ZoomRatioMapper.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/ZoomRatioMapper.cpp
index aaa1b70..1f52e9b 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/ZoomRatioMapper.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/ZoomRatioMapper.cpp
@@ -38,6 +38,9 @@
             kResultPointsToCorrectNoClamp.end());
 
     mRemappedKeys.insert(ANDROID_CONTROL_ZOOM_RATIO);
+    if (flags::concert_mode()) {
+        mRemappedKeys.insert(ANDROID_LOGICAL_MULTI_CAMERA_ACTIVE_PHYSICAL_SENSOR_CROP_REGION);
+    }
 }
 
 status_t ZoomRatioMapper::initZoomRatioInTemplate(CameraMetadata *request) {
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3Device.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3Device.cpp
index 272c390..13c500f 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3Device.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3Device.cpp
@@ -49,14 +49,17 @@
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ICameraDeviceSession.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ICameraInjectionSession.h>
 #include <aidlcommonsupport/NativeHandle.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android/binder_ibinder_platform.h>
 #include <android/hardware/camera2/ICameraDeviceUser.h>
 #include <camera/StringUtils.h>
+#include <com_android_internal_camera_flags.h>
 
 #include "utils/CameraTraces.h"
+#include "utils/SessionConfigurationUtils.h"
 #include "mediautils/SchedulingPolicyService.h"
 #include "device3/Camera3OutputStream.h"
 #include "device3/Camera3InputStream.h"
@@ -77,11 +80,15 @@
 #include "AidlCamera3Device.h"
 
 using namespace android::camera3;
+using namespace android::camera3::SessionConfigurationUtils;
 using namespace aidl::android::hardware;
 using aidl::android::hardware::camera::metadata::SensorPixelMode;
 using aidl::android::hardware::camera::metadata::RequestAvailableDynamicRangeProfilesMap;
 using aidl::android::hardware::camera::metadata::ScalerAvailableStreamUseCases;
 
+namespace flags = com::android::internal::camera::flags;
+
+const int32_t AIDL_DEVICE_SESSION_V3 = 3;
 namespace android {
 
 RequestAvailableDynamicRangeProfilesMap
@@ -288,6 +295,8 @@
     if (bufMgrMode.count > 0) {
         mUseHalBufManager = (bufMgrMode.data.u8[0] ==
                 ANDROID_INFO_SUPPORTED_BUFFER_MANAGEMENT_VERSION_HIDL_DEVICE_3_5);
+        mSessionHalBufManager = (bufMgrMode.data.u8[0] ==
+                ANDROID_INFO_SUPPORTED_BUFFER_MANAGEMENT_VERSION_SESSION_CONFIGURABLE);
     }
 
     camera_metadata_entry_t capabilities = mDeviceInfo.find(ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES);
@@ -298,7 +307,9 @@
         }
     }
 
-    mInterface = new AidlHalInterface(session, queue, mUseHalBufManager, mSupportOfflineProcessing);
+    mInterface =
+            new AidlHalInterface(session, queue, mUseHalBufManager, mSupportOfflineProcessing,
+                    mSessionHalBufManager);
 
     std::string providerType;
     mVendorTagId = manager->getProviderTagIdLocked(mId);
@@ -328,6 +339,16 @@
 
     mBatchSizeLimitEnabled = (deviceVersion >= CAMERA_DEVICE_API_VERSION_1_2);
 
+    camera_metadata_entry readoutSupported = mDeviceInfo.find(ANDROID_SENSOR_READOUT_TIMESTAMP);
+    if (readoutSupported.count == 0) {
+        ALOGW("%s: Could not find value corresponding to ANDROID_SENSOR_READOUT_TIMESTAMP. "
+              "Assuming true.", __FUNCTION__);
+        mSensorReadoutTimestampSupported = true;
+    } else {
+        mSensorReadoutTimestampSupported =
+                readoutSupported.data.u8[0] == ANDROID_SENSOR_READOUT_TIMESTAMP_HARDWARE;
+    }
+
     return initializeCommonLocked();
 }
 
@@ -391,7 +412,7 @@
         mNextReprocessShutterFrameNumber, mNextZslStillShutterFrameNumber,
         mNextResultFrameNumber,
         mNextReprocessResultFrameNumber, mNextZslStillResultFrameNumber,
-        mUseHalBufManager, mUsePartialResult, mNeedFixupMonochromeTags,
+        mUseHalBufManager, mHalBufManagedStreamIds, mUsePartialResult, mNeedFixupMonochromeTags,
         mNumPartialResults, mVendorTagId, mDeviceInfo, mPhysicalDeviceInfoMap,
         mDistortionMappers, mZoomRatioMappers, mRotateAndCropMappers,
         mTagMonitor, mInputStream, mOutputStreams, mSessionStatsBuilder, listener, *this,
@@ -433,7 +454,7 @@
         mNextReprocessShutterFrameNumber, mNextZslStillShutterFrameNumber,
         mNextResultFrameNumber,
         mNextReprocessResultFrameNumber, mNextZslStillResultFrameNumber,
-        mUseHalBufManager, mUsePartialResult, mNeedFixupMonochromeTags,
+        mUseHalBufManager, mHalBufManagedStreamIds, mUsePartialResult, mNeedFixupMonochromeTags,
         mNumPartialResults, mVendorTagId, mDeviceInfo, mPhysicalDeviceInfoMap,
         mDistortionMappers, mZoomRatioMappers, mRotateAndCropMappers,
         mTagMonitor, mInputStream, mOutputStreams, mSessionStatsBuilder, listener, *this,
@@ -441,7 +462,7 @@
         mOverrideToPortrait, mActivePhysicalId}, mResultMetadataQueue
     };
     for (const auto& msg : msgs) {
-        camera3::notify(states, msg);
+        camera3::notify(states, msg, mSensorReadoutTimestampSupported);
     }
     return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 
@@ -522,7 +543,7 @@
         }
 
         // When not using HAL buf manager, only allow streams requested by app to be preserved
-        if (!mUseHalBufManager) {
+        if (!isHalBufferManagedStream(id)) {
             if (std::find(streamsToKeep.begin(), streamsToKeep.end(), id) == streamsToKeep.end()) {
                 SET_ERR("stream ID %d must not be switched to offline!", id);
                 return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
@@ -602,17 +623,18 @@
     // TODO: check if we need to lock before copying states
     //       though technically no other thread should be talking to Camera3Device at this point
     Camera3OfflineStates offlineStates(
-            mTagMonitor, mVendorTagId, mUseHalBufManager, mNeedFixupMonochromeTags,
-            mUsePartialResult, mNumPartialResults, mLastCompletedRegularFrameNumber,
-            mLastCompletedReprocessFrameNumber, mLastCompletedZslFrameNumber,
-            mNextResultFrameNumber, mNextReprocessResultFrameNumber,
-            mNextZslStillResultFrameNumber, mNextShutterFrameNumber,
-            mNextReprocessShutterFrameNumber, mNextZslStillShutterFrameNumber,
-            mDeviceInfo, mPhysicalDeviceInfoMap, mDistortionMappers,
-            mZoomRatioMappers, mRotateAndCropMappers);
+            mTagMonitor, mVendorTagId, mUseHalBufManager, mHalBufManagedStreamIds,
+            mNeedFixupMonochromeTags, mUsePartialResult, mNumPartialResults,
+            mLastCompletedRegularFrameNumber, mLastCompletedReprocessFrameNumber,
+            mLastCompletedZslFrameNumber, mNextResultFrameNumber,
+            mNextReprocessResultFrameNumber, mNextZslStillResultFrameNumber,
+            mNextShutterFrameNumber, mNextReprocessShutterFrameNumber,
+            mNextZslStillShutterFrameNumber, mDeviceInfo, mPhysicalDeviceInfoMap,
+            mDistortionMappers, mZoomRatioMappers, mRotateAndCropMappers);
 
     *session = new AidlCamera3OfflineSession(mId, inputStream, offlineStreamSet,
-            std::move(bufferRecords), offlineReqs, offlineStates, offlineSession);
+                                             std::move(bufferRecords), offlineReqs, offlineStates,
+                                             offlineSession, mSensorReadoutTimestampSupported);
 
     // Delete all streams that has been transferred to offline session
     Mutex::Autolock l(mLock);
@@ -679,8 +701,8 @@
         aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferRequestStatus* status) {
 
     RequestBufferStates states {
-        mId, mRequestBufferInterfaceLock, mUseHalBufManager, mOutputStreams,
-        mSessionStatsBuilder, *this, *(mInterface), *this};
+        mId, mRequestBufferInterfaceLock, mUseHalBufManager, mHalBufManagedStreamIds,
+        mOutputStreams, mSessionStatsBuilder, *this, *(mInterface), *this};
     camera3::requestStreamBuffers(states, bufReqs, outBuffers, status);
     return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
@@ -704,7 +726,7 @@
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus AidlCamera3Device::returnStreamBuffers(
         const std::vector<camera::device::StreamBuffer>& buffers) {
     ReturnBufferStates states {
-        mId, mUseHalBufManager, mOutputStreams,  mSessionStatsBuilder,
+        mId, mUseHalBufManager, mHalBufManagedStreamIds, mOutputStreams,  mSessionStatsBuilder,
         *(mInterface)};
     camera3::returnStreamBuffers(states, buffers);
     return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
@@ -713,21 +735,25 @@
 AidlCamera3Device::AidlHalInterface::AidlHalInterface(
             std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceSession> &session,
             std::shared_ptr<AidlRequestMetadataQueue> queue,
-            bool useHalBufManager, bool supportOfflineProcessing) :
+            bool useHalBufManager, bool supportOfflineProcessing,
+            bool supportSessionHalBufManager) :
         HalInterface(useHalBufManager, supportOfflineProcessing),
         mAidlSession(session),
-        mRequestMetadataQueue(queue) { }
+        mRequestMetadataQueue(queue),
+        mSupportSessionHalBufManager(supportSessionHalBufManager) { }
 
 AidlCamera3Device::AidlHalInterface::AidlHalInterface(
             std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceSession>
                     &deviceSession,
             std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraInjectionSession>
                     &injectionSession, std::shared_ptr<AidlRequestMetadataQueue> queue,
-            bool useHalBufManager, bool supportOfflineProcessing) :
+            bool useHalBufManager, bool supportOfflineProcessing,
+            bool supportSessionHalBufManager) :
         HalInterface(useHalBufManager, supportOfflineProcessing),
         mAidlSession(deviceSession),
         mAidlInjectionSession(injectionSession),
-        mRequestMetadataQueue(queue) { }
+        mRequestMetadataQueue(queue),
+        mSupportSessionHalBufManager(supportSessionHalBufManager) { }
 
 bool AidlCamera3Device::AidlHalInterface::valid() {
     return (mAidlSession != nullptr);
@@ -838,33 +864,15 @@
     ATRACE_NAME("CameraAidlHal::constructDefaultRequestSettings");
     using aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::RequestTemplate;
     if (!valid()) return INVALID_OPERATION;
-    status_t res = OK;
 
     RequestTemplate id;
-    aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata request;
-    switch (templateId) {
-        case CAMERA_TEMPLATE_PREVIEW:
-            id = RequestTemplate::PREVIEW;
-            break;
-        case CAMERA_TEMPLATE_STILL_CAPTURE:
-            id = RequestTemplate::STILL_CAPTURE;
-            break;
-        case CAMERA_TEMPLATE_VIDEO_RECORD:
-            id = RequestTemplate::VIDEO_RECORD;
-            break;
-        case CAMERA_TEMPLATE_VIDEO_SNAPSHOT:
-            id = RequestTemplate::VIDEO_SNAPSHOT;
-            break;
-        case CAMERA_TEMPLATE_ZERO_SHUTTER_LAG:
-            id = RequestTemplate::ZERO_SHUTTER_LAG;
-            break;
-        case CAMERA_TEMPLATE_MANUAL:
-            id = RequestTemplate::MANUAL;
-            break;
-        default:
-            // Unknown template ID, or this HAL is too old to support it
-            return BAD_VALUE;
+    status_t res = SessionConfigurationUtils::mapRequestTemplateToAidl(
+            templateId, &id);
+    if (res != OK) {
+        return res;
     }
+
+    aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata request;
     auto err = mAidlSession->constructDefaultRequestSettings(id, &request);
 
     if (!err.isOk()) {
@@ -905,11 +913,18 @@
     std::set<int> activeStreams;
     camera::device::StreamConfiguration requestedConfiguration;
     requestedConfiguration.streams.resize(config->num_streams);
+    config->use_hal_buf_manager = mUseHalBufManager;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < config->num_streams; i++) {
         camera::device::Stream &dst = requestedConfiguration.streams[i];
         camera3::camera_stream_t *src = config->streams[i];
 
         Camera3Stream* cam3stream = Camera3Stream::cast(src);
+        // For stream configurations with multi res streams, hal buffer manager has to be used.
+        if (!flags::session_hal_buf_manager() && cam3stream->getHalStreamGroupId() != -1 &&
+                src->stream_type != CAMERA_STREAM_INPUT) {
+            mUseHalBufManager = true;
+            config->use_hal_buf_manager = true;
+        }
         cam3stream->setBufferFreedListener(this);
         int streamId = cam3stream->getId();
         StreamType streamType;
@@ -979,14 +994,41 @@
     requestedConfiguration.streamConfigCounter = mNextStreamConfigCounter++;
     requestedConfiguration.multiResolutionInputImage = config->input_is_multi_resolution;
     requestedConfiguration.logId = logId;
-    auto err = mAidlSession->configureStreams(requestedConfiguration, &finalConfiguration);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus err = ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    int32_t interfaceVersion = 0;
+    camera::device::ConfigureStreamsRet configureStreamsRet;
+    err = mAidlSession->getInterfaceVersion(&interfaceVersion);
+    if (!err.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Transaction error getting interface version: %s", __FUNCTION__,
+              err.getMessage());
+        return AidlProviderInfo::mapToStatusT(err);
+    }
+    if (flags::session_hal_buf_manager() && interfaceVersion >= AIDL_DEVICE_SESSION_V3
+            && mSupportSessionHalBufManager) {
+        err = mAidlSession->configureStreamsV2(requestedConfiguration, &configureStreamsRet);
+        finalConfiguration = std::move(configureStreamsRet.halStreams);
+    } else {
+        err = mAidlSession->configureStreams(requestedConfiguration, &finalConfiguration);
+    }
+
     if (!err.isOk()) {
         ALOGE("%s: Transaction error: %s", __FUNCTION__, err.getMessage());
         return AidlProviderInfo::mapToStatusT(err);
     }
 
+    if (flags::session_hal_buf_manager()) {
+        std::set<int32_t> halBufferManagedStreamIds;
+        for (const auto &halStream: finalConfiguration) {
+            if ((interfaceVersion >= AIDL_DEVICE_SESSION_V3 &&
+                    mSupportSessionHalBufManager && halStream.enableHalBufferManager)
+                    || mUseHalBufManager) {
+                halBufferManagedStreamIds.insert(halStream.id);
+            }
+        }
+        mHalBufManagedStreamIds = std::move(halBufferManagedStreamIds);
+        config->hal_buffer_managed_streams = mHalBufManagedStreamIds;
+    }
     // And convert output stream configuration from AIDL
-
     for (size_t i = 0; i < config->num_streams; i++) {
         camera3::camera_stream_t *dst = config->streams[i];
         int streamId = Camera3Stream::cast(dst)->getId();
@@ -1055,6 +1097,10 @@
             }
             dstStream->setUsage(
                     mapProducerToFrameworkUsage(src.producerUsage));
+            if (flags::session_hal_buf_manager()) {
+                dstStream->setHalBufferManager(
+                        contains(config->hal_buffer_managed_streams, streamId));
+            }
         }
         dst->max_buffers = src.maxBuffers;
     }
@@ -1377,7 +1423,7 @@
                     handlesCreated->push_back(acquireFence);
                 }
                 dst.acquireFence = camera3::dupToAidlIfNotNull(acquireFence);
-            } else if (mUseHalBufManager) {
+            } else if (isHalBufferManagedStream(streamId)) {
                 // HAL buffer management path
                 dst.bufferId = BUFFER_ID_NO_BUFFER;
                 dst.buffer = aidl::android::hardware::common::NativeHandle();
@@ -1391,7 +1437,7 @@
             dst.releaseFence = aidl::android::hardware::common::NativeHandle();
 
             // Output buffers are empty when using HAL buffer manager
-            if (!mUseHalBufManager) {
+            if (!isHalBufferManagedStream(streamId)) {
                 mBufferRecords.pushInflightBuffer(
                         captureRequest->frameNumber, streamId, src->buffer);
                 inflightBuffers->push_back(std::make_pair(captureRequest->frameNumber, streamId));
@@ -1437,8 +1483,9 @@
                 bool supportCameraMute,
                 bool overrideToPortrait,
                 bool supportSettingsOverride) :
-          RequestThread(parent, statusTracker, interface, sessionParamKeys, useHalBufManager,
-                  supportCameraMute, overrideToPortrait, supportSettingsOverride) {}
+          RequestThread(parent, statusTracker, interface, sessionParamKeys,
+                  useHalBufManager, supportCameraMute, overrideToPortrait,
+                  supportSettingsOverride) {}
 
 status_t AidlCamera3Device::AidlRequestThread::switchToOffline(
         const std::vector<int32_t>& streamsToKeep,
@@ -1548,7 +1595,7 @@
 
     mInjectedCamHalInterface =
             new AidlHalInterface(deviceSession, injectionSession, queue, parent->mUseHalBufManager,
-                       parent->mSupportOfflineProcessing);
+                       parent->mSupportOfflineProcessing, parent->mSessionHalBufManager);
     if (mInjectedCamHalInterface == nullptr) {
         ALOGE("%s: mInjectedCamHalInterface does not exist!", __FUNCTION__);
         return DEAD_OBJECT;
@@ -1671,7 +1718,8 @@
                 bool overrideToPortrait,
                 bool supportSettingsOverride) {
     return new AidlRequestThread(parent, statusTracker, interface, sessionParamKeys,
-            useHalBufManager, supportCameraMute, overrideToPortrait, supportSettingsOverride);
+            useHalBufManager, supportCameraMute, overrideToPortrait,
+            supportSettingsOverride);
 };
 
 sp<Camera3Device::Camera3DeviceInjectionMethods>
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3Device.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3Device.h
index 21813d4..f0a5f7e 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3Device.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3Device.h
@@ -72,19 +72,22 @@
             /*out*/ sp<CameraOfflineSessionBase>* /*session*/) override;
 
     status_t initialize(sp<CameraProviderManager> manager, const std::string& monitorTags) override;
+
     class AidlHalInterface : public Camera3Device::HalInterface {
      public:
         AidlHalInterface(std::shared_ptr<
                 aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceSession> &session,
                 std::shared_ptr<AidlRequestMetadataQueue> queue,
-                bool useHalBufManager, bool supportOfflineProcessing);
+                bool useHalBufManager, bool supportOfflineProcessing,
+                bool supportSessionHalBufManager);
         AidlHalInterface(
                 std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceSession>
                     &deviceSession,
                 std::shared_ptr<
                 aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraInjectionSession> &injectionSession,
                 std::shared_ptr<AidlRequestMetadataQueue> queue,
-                bool useHalBufManager, bool supportOfflineProcessing);
+                bool useHalBufManager, bool supportOfflineProcessing,
+                bool supportSessionHalBufManager);
 
         virtual IPCTransport getTransportType() const override {return IPCTransport::AIDL; }
 
@@ -153,6 +156,7 @@
                 /*out*/std::vector<std::pair<int32_t, int32_t>>* inflightBuffers);
 
         std::shared_ptr<AidlRequestMetadataQueue> mRequestMetadataQueue;
+        bool mSupportSessionHalBufManager = false;
     }; // class AidlHalInterface
 
     /**
@@ -285,6 +289,9 @@
     // capture requests.
     bool mBatchSizeLimitEnabled = false;
 
+    // Whether the HAL supports reporting sensor readout timestamp
+    bool mSensorReadoutTimestampSupported = true;
+
 }; // class AidlCamera3Device
 
 }; // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3OfflineSession.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3OfflineSession.cpp
index 01c4e88..f8308df 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3OfflineSession.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3OfflineSession.cpp
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
         mNextReprocessShutterFrameNumber, mNextZslStillShutterFrameNumber,
         mNextResultFrameNumber,
         mNextReprocessResultFrameNumber, mNextZslStillResultFrameNumber,
-        mUseHalBufManager, mUsePartialResult, mNeedFixupMonochromeTags,
+        mUseHalBufManager, mHalBufManagedStreamIds, mUsePartialResult, mNeedFixupMonochromeTags,
         mNumPartialResults, mVendorTagId, mDeviceInfo, mPhysicalDeviceInfoMap,
         mDistortionMappers, mZoomRatioMappers, mRotateAndCropMappers,
         mTagMonitor, mInputStream, mOutputStreams, mSessionStatsBuilder, listener, *this,
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@
         mNextReprocessShutterFrameNumber, mNextZslStillShutterFrameNumber,
         mNextResultFrameNumber,
         mNextReprocessResultFrameNumber, mNextZslStillResultFrameNumber,
-        mUseHalBufManager, mUsePartialResult, mNeedFixupMonochromeTags,
+        mUseHalBufManager, mHalBufManagedStreamIds, mUsePartialResult, mNeedFixupMonochromeTags,
         mNumPartialResults, mVendorTagId, mDeviceInfo, mPhysicalDeviceInfoMap,
         mDistortionMappers, mZoomRatioMappers, mRotateAndCropMappers,
         mTagMonitor, mInputStream, mOutputStreams, mSessionStatsBuilder, listener, *this,
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@
         /*overrideToPortrait*/false, activePhysicalId}, mResultMetadataQueue
     };
     for (const auto& msg : msgs) {
-        camera3::notify(states, msg);
+        camera3::notify(states, msg, mSensorReadoutTimestampSupported);
     }
     return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
@@ -208,7 +208,8 @@
     }
 
     RequestBufferStates states {
-        mId, mRequestBufferInterfaceLock, mUseHalBufManager, mOutputStreams, mSessionStatsBuilder,
+        mId, mRequestBufferInterfaceLock, mUseHalBufManager,
+        mHalBufManagedStreamIds, mOutputStreams, mSessionStatsBuilder,
         *this, mBufferRecords, *this};
     camera3::requestStreamBuffers(states, bufReqs, buffers, status);
     return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
@@ -241,7 +242,7 @@
     }
 
     ReturnBufferStates states {
-        mId, mUseHalBufManager, mOutputStreams, mSessionStatsBuilder,
+        mId, mUseHalBufManager, mHalBufManagedStreamIds, mOutputStreams, mSessionStatsBuilder,
         mBufferRecords};
 
     camera3::returnStreamBuffers(states, buffers);
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3OfflineSession.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3OfflineSession.h
index 33b638c..f8fdeb9 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3OfflineSession.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3OfflineSession.h
@@ -105,19 +105,20 @@
     };
 
     // initialize by Camera3Device.
-    explicit AidlCamera3OfflineSession(const std::string& id,
-            const sp<camera3::Camera3Stream>& inputStream,
-            const camera3::StreamSet& offlineStreamSet,
-            camera3::BufferRecords&& bufferRecords,
+    explicit AidlCamera3OfflineSession(
+            const std::string& id, const sp<camera3::Camera3Stream>& inputStream,
+            const camera3::StreamSet& offlineStreamSet, camera3::BufferRecords&& bufferRecords,
             const camera3::InFlightRequestMap& offlineReqs,
             const Camera3OfflineStates& offlineStates,
             std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraOfflineSession>
-                    offlineSession) :
-      Camera3OfflineSession(id, inputStream, offlineStreamSet, std::move(bufferRecords),
-              offlineReqs, offlineStates),
-      mSession(offlineSession) {
-        mCallbacks = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<AidlCameraDeviceCallbacks>(this);
-      };
+                    offlineSession,
+            bool sensorReadoutTimestampSupported)
+        : Camera3OfflineSession(id, inputStream, offlineStreamSet, std::move(bufferRecords),
+                                offlineReqs, offlineStates),
+          mSession(offlineSession),
+          mSensorReadoutTimestampSupported(sensorReadoutTimestampSupported) {
+            mCallbacks = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<AidlCameraDeviceCallbacks>(this);
+    };
 
     /**
      * End of CameraOfflineSessionBase interface
@@ -130,6 +131,8 @@
 
     std::shared_ptr<AidlCameraDeviceCallbacks> mCallbacks;
 
+    bool mSensorReadoutTimestampSupported;
+
     virtual void closeSessionLocked() override;
 
     virtual void releaseSessionLocked() override;
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3OutputUtils.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3OutputUtils.cpp
index 74d4230..d9c8e57 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3OutputUtils.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3OutputUtils.cpp
@@ -67,7 +67,8 @@
 }
 
 void notify(CaptureOutputStates& states,
-        const aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::NotifyMsg& msg) {
+            const aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::NotifyMsg& msg,
+            bool hasReadoutTimestamp) {
 
     using ErrorCode = aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ErrorCode;
     using Tag = aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::NotifyMsg::Tag;
@@ -110,8 +111,9 @@
             m.type = CAMERA_MSG_SHUTTER;
             m.message.shutter.frame_number = msg.get<Tag::shutter>().frameNumber;
             m.message.shutter.timestamp = msg.get<Tag::shutter>().timestamp;
-            m.message.shutter.readout_timestamp_valid = true;
-            m.message.shutter.readout_timestamp = msg.get<Tag::shutter>().readoutTimestamp;
+            m.message.shutter.readout_timestamp_valid = hasReadoutTimestamp;
+            m.message.shutter.readout_timestamp =
+                    hasReadoutTimestamp ? msg.get<Tag::shutter>().readoutTimestamp : 0LL;
             break;
     }
     notify(states, &m);
@@ -143,12 +145,6 @@
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(states.reqBufferLock);
     std::vector<StreamBufferRet> bufRets;
     outBuffers->clear();
-    if (!states.useHalBufManager) {
-        ALOGE("%s: Camera %s does not support HAL buffer management",
-                __FUNCTION__, states.cameraId.c_str());
-        *status = BufferRequestStatus::FAILED_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENTS;
-        return;
-    }
 
     SortedVector<int32_t> streamIds;
     ssize_t sz = streamIds.setCapacity(bufReqs.size());
@@ -174,6 +170,13 @@
             *status = BufferRequestStatus::FAILED_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENTS;
             return;
         }
+        if (!states.useHalBufManager &&
+                !contains(states.halBufManagedStreamIds, bufReq.streamId)) {
+            ALOGE("%s: Camera %s does not support HAL buffer management for stream id %d",
+                  __FUNCTION__, states.cameraId.c_str(), bufReq.streamId);
+            *status = BufferRequestStatus::FAILED_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENTS;
+            return;
+        }
         streamIds.add(bufReq.streamId);
     }
 
@@ -316,10 +319,15 @@
                 sb.acquire_fence = -1;
                 sb.status = CAMERA_BUFFER_STATUS_ERROR;
             }
-            returnOutputBuffers(states.useHalBufManager, nullptr,
-                    streamBuffers.data(), numAllocatedBuffers, 0,
-                    0, false,
-                    0, states.sessionStatsBuilder);
+            std::vector<BufferToReturn> returnableBuffers{};
+            collectReturnableOutputBuffers(states.useHalBufManager, states.halBufManagedStreamIds,
+                    /*listener*/ nullptr,
+                    streamBuffers.data(), numAllocatedBuffers, /*timestamp*/ 0,
+                    /*readoutTimestamp*/ 0, /*requested*/ false,
+                    /*requestTimeNs*/ 0, states.sessionStatsBuilder,
+                    /*out*/ &returnableBuffers);
+            finishReturningOutputBuffers(returnableBuffers, /*listener*/ nullptr,
+                    states.sessionStatsBuilder);
             for (auto buf : newBuffers) {
                 states.bufferRecordsIntf.removeOneBufferCache(streamId, buf);
             }
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3OutputUtils.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3OutputUtils.h
index e795624..d3a8ede 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3OutputUtils.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/aidl/AidlCamera3OutputUtils.h
@@ -79,11 +79,8 @@
                     &physicalCameraMetadata);
 
     void notify(CaptureOutputStates& states,
-        const aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::NotifyMsg& msg,
-        bool hasReadoutTime, uint64_t readoutTime);
-
-    void notify(CaptureOutputStates& states,
-        const aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::NotifyMsg& msg);
+            const aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::NotifyMsg& msg,
+            bool hasReadoutTimestamp);
 
     void requestStreamBuffers(RequestBufferStates& states,
         const std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferRequest>& bufReqs,
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/hidl/HidlCamera3Device.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/hidl/HidlCamera3Device.cpp
index 4488067..f2e618f 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/hidl/HidlCamera3Device.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/hidl/HidlCamera3Device.cpp
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include <camera/StringUtils.h>
+#include <com_android_internal_camera_flags.h>
 
 #include <android/hardware/camera/device/3.7/ICameraInjectionSession.h>
 #include <android/hardware/camera2/ICameraDeviceUser.h>
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@
 using namespace android::hardware::camera;
 using namespace android::hardware::camera::device::V3_2;
 using android::hardware::camera::metadata::V3_6::CameraMetadataEnumAndroidSensorPixelMode;
+namespace flags = com::android::internal::camera::flags;
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -307,7 +309,8 @@
         const hardware::hidl_vec<hardware::camera::device::V3_5::BufferRequest>& bufReqs,
         requestStreamBuffers_cb _hidl_cb) {
     RequestBufferStates states {
-        mId, mRequestBufferInterfaceLock, mUseHalBufManager, mOutputStreams, mSessionStatsBuilder,
+        mId, mRequestBufferInterfaceLock, mUseHalBufManager, mHalBufManagedStreamIds,
+        mOutputStreams, mSessionStatsBuilder,
         *this, *mInterface, *this};
     camera3::requestStreamBuffers(states, bufReqs, _hidl_cb);
     return hardware::Void();
@@ -316,7 +319,8 @@
 hardware::Return<void> HidlCamera3Device::returnStreamBuffers(
         const hardware::hidl_vec<hardware::camera::device::V3_2::StreamBuffer>& buffers) {
     ReturnBufferStates states {
-        mId, mUseHalBufManager, mOutputStreams, mSessionStatsBuilder, *mInterface};
+        mId, mUseHalBufManager, mHalBufManagedStreamIds, mOutputStreams,
+        mSessionStatsBuilder, *mInterface};
     camera3::returnStreamBuffers(states, buffers);
     return hardware::Void();
 }
@@ -362,7 +366,7 @@
         mNextReprocessShutterFrameNumber, mNextZslStillShutterFrameNumber,
         mNextResultFrameNumber,
         mNextReprocessResultFrameNumber, mNextZslStillResultFrameNumber,
-        mUseHalBufManager, mUsePartialResult, mNeedFixupMonochromeTags,
+        mUseHalBufManager, mHalBufManagedStreamIds, mUsePartialResult, mNeedFixupMonochromeTags,
         mNumPartialResults, mVendorTagId, mDeviceInfo, mPhysicalDeviceInfoMap,
         mDistortionMappers, mZoomRatioMappers, mRotateAndCropMappers,
         mTagMonitor, mInputStream, mOutputStreams, mSessionStatsBuilder, listener, *this, *this,
@@ -425,7 +429,7 @@
         mNextReprocessShutterFrameNumber, mNextZslStillShutterFrameNumber,
         mNextResultFrameNumber,
         mNextReprocessResultFrameNumber, mNextZslStillResultFrameNumber,
-        mUseHalBufManager, mUsePartialResult, mNeedFixupMonochromeTags,
+        mUseHalBufManager, mHalBufManagedStreamIds, mUsePartialResult, mNeedFixupMonochromeTags,
         mNumPartialResults, mVendorTagId, mDeviceInfo, mPhysicalDeviceInfoMap,
         mDistortionMappers, mZoomRatioMappers, mRotateAndCropMappers,
         mTagMonitor, mInputStream, mOutputStreams, mSessionStatsBuilder, listener, *this, *this,
@@ -473,7 +477,7 @@
         mNextReprocessShutterFrameNumber, mNextZslStillShutterFrameNumber,
         mNextResultFrameNumber,
         mNextReprocessResultFrameNumber, mNextZslStillResultFrameNumber,
-        mUseHalBufManager, mUsePartialResult, mNeedFixupMonochromeTags,
+        mUseHalBufManager, mHalBufManagedStreamIds, mUsePartialResult, mNeedFixupMonochromeTags,
         mNumPartialResults, mVendorTagId, mDeviceInfo, mPhysicalDeviceInfoMap,
         mDistortionMappers, mZoomRatioMappers, mRotateAndCropMappers,
         mTagMonitor, mInputStream, mOutputStreams, mSessionStatsBuilder, listener, *this, *this,
@@ -641,14 +645,14 @@
     // TODO: check if we need to lock before copying states
     //       though technically no other thread should be talking to Camera3Device at this point
     Camera3OfflineStates offlineStates(
-            mTagMonitor, mVendorTagId, mUseHalBufManager, mNeedFixupMonochromeTags,
-            mUsePartialResult, mNumPartialResults, mLastCompletedRegularFrameNumber,
-            mLastCompletedReprocessFrameNumber, mLastCompletedZslFrameNumber,
-            mNextResultFrameNumber, mNextReprocessResultFrameNumber,
-            mNextZslStillResultFrameNumber, mNextShutterFrameNumber,
-            mNextReprocessShutterFrameNumber, mNextZslStillShutterFrameNumber,
-            mDeviceInfo, mPhysicalDeviceInfoMap, mDistortionMappers,
-            mZoomRatioMappers, mRotateAndCropMappers);
+            mTagMonitor, mVendorTagId, mUseHalBufManager, mHalBufManagedStreamIds,
+            mNeedFixupMonochromeTags, mUsePartialResult, mNumPartialResults,
+            mLastCompletedRegularFrameNumber, mLastCompletedReprocessFrameNumber,
+            mLastCompletedZslFrameNumber, mNextResultFrameNumber,
+            mNextReprocessResultFrameNumber, mNextZslStillResultFrameNumber,
+            mNextShutterFrameNumber, mNextReprocessShutterFrameNumber,
+            mNextZslStillShutterFrameNumber, mDeviceInfo, mPhysicalDeviceInfoMap,
+            mDistortionMappers, mZoomRatioMappers, mRotateAndCropMappers);
 
     *session = new HidlCamera3OfflineSession(mId, inputStream, offlineStreamSet,
             std::move(bufferRecords), offlineReqs, offlineStates, offlineSession);
@@ -716,7 +720,8 @@
                 bool overrideToPortrait,
                 bool supportSettingsOverride) {
         return new HidlRequestThread(parent, statusTracker, interface, sessionParamKeys,
-                useHalBufManager, supportCameraMute, overrideToPortrait, supportSettingsOverride);
+                useHalBufManager, supportCameraMute, overrideToPortrait,
+                supportSettingsOverride);
 };
 
 sp<Camera3Device::Camera3DeviceInjectionMethods>
@@ -909,6 +914,7 @@
     requestedConfiguration3_2.streams.resize(config->num_streams);
     requestedConfiguration3_4.streams.resize(config->num_streams);
     requestedConfiguration3_7.streams.resize(config->num_streams);
+    mHalBufManagedStreamIds.clear();
     for (size_t i = 0; i < config->num_streams; i++) {
         device::V3_2::Stream &dst3_2 = requestedConfiguration3_2.streams[i];
         device::V3_4::Stream &dst3_4 = requestedConfiguration3_4.streams[i];
@@ -922,6 +928,9 @@
         switch (src->stream_type) {
             case CAMERA_STREAM_OUTPUT:
                 streamType = StreamType::OUTPUT;
+                if (flags::session_hal_buf_manager() && mUseHalBufManager) {
+                    mHalBufManagedStreamIds.insert(streamId);
+                }
                 break;
             case CAMERA_STREAM_INPUT:
                 streamType = StreamType::INPUT;
@@ -931,6 +940,7 @@
                         __FUNCTION__, streamId, config->streams[i]->stream_type);
                 return BAD_VALUE;
         }
+
         dst3_2.id = streamId;
         dst3_2.streamType = streamType;
         dst3_2.width = src->width;
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/hidl/HidlCamera3OfflineSession.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/hidl/HidlCamera3OfflineSession.cpp
index e328ef6..aa4b762 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/hidl/HidlCamera3OfflineSession.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/hidl/HidlCamera3OfflineSession.cpp
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
         mNextReprocessShutterFrameNumber, mNextZslStillShutterFrameNumber,
         mNextResultFrameNumber,
         mNextReprocessResultFrameNumber, mNextZslStillResultFrameNumber,
-        mUseHalBufManager, mUsePartialResult, mNeedFixupMonochromeTags,
+        mUseHalBufManager, mHalBufManagedStreamIds, mUsePartialResult, mNeedFixupMonochromeTags,
         mNumPartialResults, mVendorTagId, mDeviceInfo, mPhysicalDeviceInfoMap,
         mDistortionMappers, mZoomRatioMappers, mRotateAndCropMappers,
         mTagMonitor, mInputStream, mOutputStreams, mSessionStatsBuilder, listener, *this, *this,
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@
         mNextReprocessShutterFrameNumber, mNextZslStillShutterFrameNumber,
         mNextResultFrameNumber,
         mNextReprocessResultFrameNumber, mNextZslStillResultFrameNumber,
-        mUseHalBufManager, mUsePartialResult, mNeedFixupMonochromeTags,
+        mUseHalBufManager, mHalBufManagedStreamIds, mUsePartialResult, mNeedFixupMonochromeTags,
         mNumPartialResults, mVendorTagId, mDeviceInfo, mPhysicalDeviceInfoMap,
         mDistortionMappers, mZoomRatioMappers, mRotateAndCropMappers,
         mTagMonitor, mInputStream, mOutputStreams, mSessionStatsBuilder, listener, *this, *this,
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
         mNextReprocessShutterFrameNumber, mNextZslStillShutterFrameNumber,
         mNextResultFrameNumber,
         mNextReprocessResultFrameNumber, mNextZslStillResultFrameNumber,
-        mUseHalBufManager, mUsePartialResult, mNeedFixupMonochromeTags,
+        mUseHalBufManager, mHalBufManagedStreamIds, mUsePartialResult, mNeedFixupMonochromeTags,
         mNumPartialResults, mVendorTagId, mDeviceInfo, mPhysicalDeviceInfoMap,
         mDistortionMappers, mZoomRatioMappers, mRotateAndCropMappers,
         mTagMonitor, mInputStream, mOutputStreams, mSessionStatsBuilder, listener, *this, *this,
@@ -207,7 +207,8 @@
     }
 
     RequestBufferStates states {
-        mId, mRequestBufferInterfaceLock, mUseHalBufManager, mOutputStreams, mSessionStatsBuilder,
+        mId, mRequestBufferInterfaceLock, mUseHalBufManager,mHalBufManagedStreamIds,
+        mOutputStreams, mSessionStatsBuilder,
         *this, mBufferRecords, *this};
     camera3::requestStreamBuffers(states, bufReqs, _hidl_cb);
     return hardware::Void();
@@ -224,7 +225,8 @@
     }
 
     ReturnBufferStates states {
-        mId, mUseHalBufManager, mOutputStreams, mSessionStatsBuilder, mBufferRecords};
+        mId, mUseHalBufManager, mHalBufManagedStreamIds, mOutputStreams, mSessionStatsBuilder,
+        mBufferRecords};
 
     camera3::returnStreamBuffers(states, buffers);
     return hardware::Void();
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/fuzzer/Android.bp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/fuzzer/Android.bp
index 9a9a03b..7760f6a 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/fuzzer/Android.bp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/fuzzer/Android.bp
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
     shared_libs: [
         "libcameraservice",
         "libcamera_client",
+        "camera_platform_flags_c_lib"
     ],
 }
 
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         "libcameraservice",
+        "camera_platform_flags_c_lib"
     ],
     corpus: ["corpus/*.jpg"],
 }
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/HidlCameraDeviceUser.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/HidlCameraDeviceUser.cpp
index 59fc1cd..d607d10 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/HidlCameraDeviceUser.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/HidlCameraDeviceUser.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include <hidl/Utils.h>
 #include <android/hardware/camera/device/3.2/types.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <utils/Utils.h>
 
 namespace android {
 namespace frameworks {
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@
     const sp<hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceUser> &deviceRemote)
   : mDeviceRemote(deviceRemote) {
     mInitSuccess = initDevice();
-    mVndkVersion = base::GetIntProperty("ro.vndk.version", __ANDROID_API_FUTURE__);
+    mVndkVersion = getVNDKVersionFromProp(__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__);
 }
 
 bool HidlCameraDeviceUser::initDevice() {
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/HidlCameraService.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/HidlCameraService.cpp
index 94bf653..1a5a6b9 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/HidlCameraService.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/HidlCameraService.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
 
 #include <hidl/HidlTransportSupport.h>
 
+#include <utils/Utils.h>
+
 namespace android {
 namespace frameworks {
 namespace cameraservice {
@@ -56,8 +58,8 @@
 }
 
 HidlCameraService::HidlCameraService(android::CameraService *cs) : mAidlICameraService(cs) {
-    mVndkVersion = base::GetIntProperty("ro.vndk.version", __ANDROID_API_FUTURE__);
-};
+    mVndkVersion = getVNDKVersionFromProp(__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__);
+}
 
 Return<void>
 HidlCameraService::getCameraCharacteristics(const hidl_string& cameraId,
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/libcameraservice_fuzzer/Android.bp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/libcameraservice_fuzzer/Android.bp
index efc58b4..9dd657c 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/libcameraservice_fuzzer/Android.bp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/libcameraservice_fuzzer/Android.bp
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
         "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.5",
         "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.6",
         "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.7",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider-V3-ndk",
         "android.hardware.camera.device@1.0",
         "android.hardware.camera.device@3.2",
         "android.hardware.camera.device@3.3",
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/Android.bp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/Android.bp
index 5e2a3fb..5072edd 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/Android.bp
@@ -31,11 +31,14 @@
         "libmedia_headers",
     ],
 
+    defaults: [
+        "libcameraservice_deps",
+    ],
+
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
         "libbinder",
         "libcutils",
-        "libcameraservice",
         "libhidlbase",
         "liblog",
         "libcamera_client",
@@ -44,21 +47,25 @@
         "libutils",
         "libjpeg",
         "libexif",
+        "android.companion.virtualdevice.flags-aconfig-cc",
         "android.hardware.camera.common@1.0",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.5",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.6",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.7",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider-V2-ndk",
         "android.hardware.camera.device@1.0",
         "android.hardware.camera.device@3.2",
         "android.hardware.camera.device@3.4",
         "android.hardware.camera.device@3.7",
         "android.hidl.token@1.0-utils",
+        "camera_platform_flags_c_lib",
     ],
 
     static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.5",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.6",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.7",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider-V3-ndk",
+        "libcameraservice",
         "libgmock",
+        "libflagtest",
     ],
 
     srcs: [
@@ -102,6 +109,7 @@
         "libjpeg",
         "liblog",
         "libutils",
+        "camera_platform_flags_c_lib",
     ],
 
     static_libs: [
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/CameraProviderManagerTest.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/CameraProviderManagerTest.cpp
index c0cd1a9..939126c 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/CameraProviderManagerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/CameraProviderManagerTest.cpp
@@ -18,24 +18,42 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "CameraProviderManagerTest"
 
 #include "../common/CameraProviderManager.h"
-#include <android/hidl/manager/1.0/IServiceManager.h>
-#include <android/hidl/manager/1.0/IServiceNotification.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BnCameraDevice.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/provider/BnCameraProvider.h>
+#include <android_companion_virtualdevice_flags.h>
+#include <android/binder_auto_utils.h>
+#include <android/binder_ibinder.h>
+#include <android/binder_interface_utils.h>
+#include <android/binder_libbinder.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/binder_parcel.h>
 #include <android/hardware/camera/device/3.2/ICameraDeviceCallback.h>
 #include <android/hardware/camera/device/3.2/ICameraDeviceSession.h>
+#include <android/hidl/manager/1.0/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <android/hidl/manager/1.0/IServiceNotification.h>
+#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
 #include <camera_metadata_hidden.h>
-#include <hidl/HidlBinderSupport.h>
+#include <com_android_internal_camera_flags.h>
+#include <flag_macros.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <hidl/HidlBinderSupport.h>
 #include <utility>
 
 using namespace android;
 using namespace android::hardware::camera;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ICameraProviderCallback;
+using android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::CameraMetadataType;
 using android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::Status;
 using android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::VendorTag;
 using android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::VendorTagSection;
-using android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::CameraMetadataType;
 using android::hardware::camera::device::V3_2::ICameraDeviceCallback;
 using android::hardware::camera::device::V3_2::ICameraDeviceSession;
 using android::hardware::camera::provider::V2_5::DeviceState;
+using ::testing::ElementsAre;
+
+namespace flags = com::android::internal::camera::flags;
+namespace vd_flags = android::companion::virtualdevice::flags;
 
 /**
  * Basic test implementation of a camera ver. 3.2 device interface
@@ -241,15 +259,127 @@
     hardware::hidl_bitfield<DeviceState> mCurrentState = 0xFFFFFFFF; // Unlikely to be a real state
 };
 
+struct TestAidlCameraDevice : public aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BnCameraDevice {
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getCameraCharacteristics(
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata*) override {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getPhysicalCameraCharacteristics(
+            const std::string&,
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata*) override {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getResourceCost(
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::CameraResourceCost* aidl_return) override {
+        auto cost = ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::CameraResourceCost();
+        aidl_return->resourceCost = 100;
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus isStreamCombinationSupported(
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamConfiguration&, bool*) override {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus
+    open(const std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceCallback>&,
+         std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceSession>*)
+            override {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus openInjectionSession(
+            const std::shared_ptr<
+                    ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceCallback>&,
+            std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraInjectionSession>*)
+            override {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus setTorchMode(bool) override { return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok(); }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus turnOnTorchWithStrengthLevel(int32_t) override {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getTorchStrengthLevel(int32_t*) override {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus constructDefaultRequestSettings(
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::RequestTemplate,
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata*) override {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus isStreamCombinationWithSettingsSupported(
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamConfiguration&,
+            bool*) override {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getSessionCharacteristics(
+        const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamConfiguration&,
+        ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata*) override {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+};
+
 /**
- * Simple test version of the interaction proxy, to use to inject onRegistered calls to the
+ * Basic test implementation of a AIDL camera provider
+ */
+class TestAidlICameraProvider : public aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::BnCameraProvider {
+  public:
+    std::shared_ptr<ICameraProviderCallback> mCallback;
+    std::vector<std::string> mDeviceNames;
+
+    TestAidlICameraProvider(const std::vector<std::string>& deviceNames) {
+        mDeviceNames = deviceNames;
+    }
+
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus setCallback(
+            const std::shared_ptr<
+                    ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ICameraProviderCallback>& callback)
+            override {
+        mCallback = callback;
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getVendorTags(
+            std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::VendorTagSection>*) override {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getCameraIdList(std::vector<std::string>* camera_list) override {
+        ALOGW("getCameraIdList");
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < mDeviceNames.size(); i++) {
+            camera_list->push_back(mDeviceNames.at(i));
+        }
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getCameraDeviceInterface(
+            const std::string&,
+            std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDevice>* device)
+            override {
+        *device = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<TestAidlCameraDevice>();
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus notifyDeviceStateChange(int64_t) override {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getConcurrentCameraIds(
+            std::vector<
+                    ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ConcurrentCameraIdCombination>*)
+            override {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus isConcurrentStreamCombinationSupported(
+            const std::vector<
+                    ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::CameraIdAndStreamCombination>&,
+            bool*) override {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Simple test version of HidlServiceInteractionProxy, to use to inject onRegistered calls to the
  * CameraProviderManager
  */
-struct TestInteractionProxy : public CameraProviderManager::HidlServiceInteractionProxy {
+struct TestHidlInteractionProxy : public CameraProviderManager::HidlServiceInteractionProxy {
     sp<hidl::manager::V1_0::IServiceNotification> mManagerNotificationInterface;
     sp<TestICameraProvider> mTestCameraProvider;
 
-    TestInteractionProxy() {}
+    TestHidlInteractionProxy() {}
 
     void setProvider(sp<TestICameraProvider> provider) {
         mTestCameraProvider = provider;
@@ -257,7 +387,7 @@
 
     std::vector<std::string> mLastRequestedServiceNames;
 
-    virtual ~TestInteractionProxy() {}
+    virtual ~TestHidlInteractionProxy() {}
 
     virtual bool registerForNotifications(
             [[maybe_unused]] const std::string &serviceName,
@@ -294,7 +424,49 @@
         hardware::hidl_vec<hardware::hidl_string> ret = {"test/0"};
         return ret;
     }
+};
 
+/**
+ * Simple test version of AidlServiceInteractionProxy, to use to inject onRegistered calls to the
+ * CameraProviderManager
+ */
+struct TestAidlInteractionProxy : public CameraProviderManager::AidlServiceInteractionProxy {
+    std::shared_ptr<TestAidlICameraProvider> mTestAidlCameraProvider;
+
+    TestAidlInteractionProxy() {}
+
+    void setProvider(std::shared_ptr<TestAidlICameraProvider> provider) {
+        mTestAidlCameraProvider = provider;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::string> mLastRequestedServiceNames;
+
+    virtual ~TestAidlInteractionProxy() {}
+
+    virtual std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ICameraProvider>
+            getService(const std::string& serviceName) override {
+        if (!flags::delay_lazy_hal_instantiation()) {
+            return mTestAidlCameraProvider;
+        }
+
+        // If no provider has been given, fail; in reality, getService would
+        // block for HALs that don't start correctly, so we should never use
+        // getService when we don't have a valid HAL running
+        if (mTestAidlCameraProvider == nullptr) {
+            ADD_FAILURE() << __FUNCTION__ << "called with no valid provider;"
+                          << " would block indefinitely";
+            // Real getService would block, but that's bad in unit tests. So
+            // just record an error and return nullptr
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        mLastRequestedServiceNames.push_back(serviceName);
+        return mTestAidlCameraProvider;
+    }
+
+    virtual std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ICameraProvider>
+    tryGetService(const std::string&) override {
+        return mTestAidlCameraProvider;
+    }
 };
 
 struct TestStatusListener : public CameraProviderManager::StatusListener {
@@ -322,7 +494,7 @@
     status_t res;
     sp<CameraProviderManager> providerManager = new CameraProviderManager();
     sp<TestStatusListener> statusListener = new TestStatusListener();
-    TestInteractionProxy serviceProxy;
+    TestHidlInteractionProxy serviceProxy;
 
     android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> chars;
     CameraMetadata meta;
@@ -370,7 +542,7 @@
     status_t res;
     sp<CameraProviderManager> providerManager = new CameraProviderManager();
     sp<TestStatusListener> statusListener = new TestStatusListener();
-    TestInteractionProxy serviceProxy;
+    TestHidlInteractionProxy serviceProxy;
     sp<TestICameraProvider> provider =  new TestICameraProvider(deviceNames,
             vendorSection);
     serviceProxy.setProvider(provider);
@@ -420,7 +592,7 @@
 
     sp<CameraProviderManager> providerManager = new CameraProviderManager();
     sp<TestStatusListener> statusListener = new TestStatusListener();
-    TestInteractionProxy serviceProxy;
+    TestHidlInteractionProxy serviceProxy;
 
     sp<TestICameraProvider> provider =  new TestICameraProvider(deviceNames,
             vendorSection);
@@ -556,7 +728,7 @@
     status_t res;
     sp<CameraProviderManager> providerManager = new CameraProviderManager();
     sp<TestStatusListener> statusListener = new TestStatusListener();
-    TestInteractionProxy serviceProxy;
+    TestHidlInteractionProxy serviceProxy;
     sp<TestICameraProvider> provider =  new TestICameraProvider(deviceNames,
             vendorSection);
     serviceProxy.setProvider(provider);
@@ -590,7 +762,7 @@
 
     sp<CameraProviderManager> providerManager = new CameraProviderManager();
     sp<TestStatusListener> statusListener = new TestStatusListener();
-    TestInteractionProxy serviceProxy;
+    TestHidlInteractionProxy serviceProxy;
     sp<TestICameraProvider> provider =  new TestICameraProvider(deviceNames,
             vendorSection);
 
@@ -639,7 +811,7 @@
 
     sp<CameraProviderManager> providerManager = new CameraProviderManager();
     sp<TestStatusListener> statusListener = new TestStatusListener();
-    TestInteractionProxy serviceProxy;
+    TestHidlInteractionProxy serviceProxy;
     sp<TestICameraProvider> provider =  new TestICameraProvider(deviceNames,
             vendorSection);
 
@@ -681,7 +853,7 @@
 
     sp<CameraProviderManager> providerManager = new CameraProviderManager();
     sp<TestStatusListener> statusListener = new TestStatusListener();
-    TestInteractionProxy serviceProxy;
+    TestHidlInteractionProxy serviceProxy;
 
     android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> chars;
     CameraMetadata meta;
@@ -713,3 +885,53 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(unavailablePhysicalIds.count("0") > 0 && unavailablePhysicalIds["0"].count("2") > 0)
         << "Unavailable physical camera Ids not set properly.";
 }
+TEST_WITH_FLAGS(CameraProviderManagerTest, AidlVirtualCameraProviderDiscovered,
+                REQUIRES_FLAGS_ENABLED(ACONFIG_FLAG(vd_flags, virtual_camera_service_discovery))) {
+    sp<CameraProviderManager> providerManager = new CameraProviderManager();
+    sp<TestStatusListener> statusListener = new TestStatusListener();
+    TestAidlInteractionProxy aidlServiceProxy;
+    TestHidlInteractionProxy hidlServiceProxy;
+
+    status_t res = providerManager->initialize(statusListener,
+                                               &hidlServiceProxy, &aidlServiceProxy);
+    ASSERT_EQ(res, OK) << "Unable to initialize provider manager";
+
+    std::vector<std::string> cameraList = {"device@1.1/virtual/123"};
+
+    std::shared_ptr<TestAidlICameraProvider> aidlProvider =
+            ndk::SharedRefBase::make<TestAidlICameraProvider>(cameraList);
+    ndk::SpAIBinder spBinder = aidlProvider->asBinder();
+    AIBinder* aiBinder = spBinder.get();
+    aidlServiceProxy.setProvider(aidlProvider);
+    providerManager->onServiceRegistration(
+            String16("android.hardware.camera.provider.ICameraProvider/virtual/0"),
+            AIBinder_toPlatformBinder(aiBinder));
+
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::set<std::string>> unavailableDeviceIds;
+    auto cameraIds = providerManager->getCameraDeviceIds(&unavailableDeviceIds);
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(cameraIds, ElementsAre("123"));
+}
+
+TEST_WITH_FLAGS(CameraProviderManagerTest, AidlVirtualCameraProviderDiscoveredOnInit,
+                REQUIRES_FLAGS_ENABLED(ACONFIG_FLAG(vd_flags, virtual_camera_service_discovery))) {
+    sp<CameraProviderManager> providerManager = new CameraProviderManager();
+    sp<TestStatusListener> statusListener = new TestStatusListener();
+    TestAidlInteractionProxy aidlServiceProxy;
+    TestHidlInteractionProxy hidlServiceProxy;
+
+    std::vector<std::string> cameraList = {"device@1.1/virtual/123"};
+
+    std::shared_ptr<TestAidlICameraProvider> aidlProvider =
+            ndk::SharedRefBase::make<TestAidlICameraProvider>(cameraList);
+    aidlServiceProxy.setProvider(aidlProvider);
+
+    status_t res = providerManager->initialize(statusListener,
+                                               &hidlServiceProxy, &aidlServiceProxy);
+    ASSERT_EQ(res, OK) << "Unable to initialize provider manager";
+
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::set<std::string>> unavailableDeviceIds;
+    std::vector<std::string> cameraIds = providerManager->getCameraDeviceIds(&unavailableDeviceIds);
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(cameraIds, ElementsAre("123"));
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.cpp
index d07bf6d..65e93a9 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.cpp
@@ -94,8 +94,8 @@
 void CameraServiceProxyWrapper::CameraSessionStatsWrapper::onIdle(
         sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy>& proxyBinder,
         int64_t requestCount, int64_t resultErrorCount, bool deviceError,
-        const std::string& userTag, int32_t videoStabilizationMode,
-        const std::vector<hardware::CameraStreamStats>& streamStats) {
+        const std::string& userTag, int32_t videoStabilizationMode, bool usedUltraWide,
+        bool usedZoomOverride, const std::vector<hardware::CameraStreamStats>& streamStats) {
     Mutex::Autolock l(mLock);
 
     mSessionStats.mNewCameraState = CameraSessionStats::CAMERA_STATE_IDLE;
@@ -104,6 +104,8 @@
     mSessionStats.mDeviceError = deviceError;
     mSessionStats.mUserTag = userTag;
     mSessionStats.mVideoStabilizationMode = videoStabilizationMode;
+    mSessionStats.mUsedUltraWide = usedUltraWide;
+    mSessionStats.mUsedZoomOverride = usedZoomOverride;
     mSessionStats.mStreamStats = streamStats;
 
     updateProxyDeviceState(proxyBinder);
@@ -278,8 +280,8 @@
 
 void CameraServiceProxyWrapper::logIdle(const std::string& id,
         int64_t requestCount, int64_t resultErrorCount, bool deviceError,
-        const std::string& userTag, int32_t videoStabilizationMode,
-        const std::vector<hardware::CameraStreamStats>& streamStats) {
+        const std::string& userTag, int32_t videoStabilizationMode, bool usedUltraWide,
+        bool usedZoomOverride, const std::vector<hardware::CameraStreamStats>& streamStats) {
     std::shared_ptr<CameraSessionStatsWrapper> sessionStats;
     {
         Mutex::Autolock l(mLock);
@@ -304,7 +306,7 @@
 
     sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy> proxyBinder = getCameraServiceProxy();
     sessionStats->onIdle(proxyBinder, requestCount, resultErrorCount, deviceError, userTag,
-            videoStabilizationMode, streamStats);
+            videoStabilizationMode, usedUltraWide, usedZoomOverride, streamStats);
 }
 
 void CameraServiceProxyWrapper::logOpen(const std::string& id, int facing,
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.h
index 1afe5b3..49b7a8c 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/CameraServiceProxyWrapper.h
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@
         void onActive(sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy>& proxyBinder, float maxPreviewFps);
         void onIdle(sp<hardware::ICameraServiceProxy>& proxyBinder,
                 int64_t requestCount, int64_t resultErrorCount, bool deviceError,
-                const std::string& userTag, int32_t videoStabilizationMode,
-                const std::vector<hardware::CameraStreamStats>& streamStats);
+                const std::string& userTag, int32_t videoStabilizationMode, bool usedUltraWide,
+                bool usedZoomOverride, const std::vector<hardware::CameraStreamStats>& streamStats);
 
         std::string updateExtensionSessionStats(
                 const hardware::CameraExtensionSessionStats& extStats);
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@
     // Session state becomes idle
     void logIdle(const std::string& id,
             int64_t requestCount, int64_t resultErrorCount, bool deviceError,
-            const std::string& userTag, int32_t videoStabilizationMode,
-            const std::vector<hardware::CameraStreamStats>& streamStats);
+            const std::string& userTag, int32_t videoStabilizationMode, bool usedUltraWide,
+            bool usedZoomOverride, const std::vector<hardware::CameraStreamStats>& streamStats);
 
     // Ping camera service proxy for user update
     void pingCameraServiceProxy();
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SchedulingPolicyUtils.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SchedulingPolicyUtils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92a1030
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SchedulingPolicyUtils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "SchedulingPolicyUtils.h"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+
+#include "CameraThreadState.h"
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+#include <processgroup/processgroup.h>
+#include <processgroup/sched_policy.h>
+#include <procinfo/process.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace camera3 {
+namespace SchedulingPolicyUtils {
+
+int requestPriorityDirect(int pid, int tid, int prio) {
+    android::procinfo::ProcessInfo processInfo;
+    static const int kMinPrio = 1;
+    static const int kMaxPrio = 3;
+
+    if (!android::procinfo::GetProcessInfo(tid, &processInfo)) {
+       ALOGE("%s: Error getting process info", __FUNCTION__);
+       return -EPERM;
+    }
+
+    if (prio < kMinPrio || prio > kMaxPrio || processInfo.pid != pid) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Invalid parameter prio=%d pid=%d procinfo.pid=%d", __FUNCTION__, prio, pid,
+                processInfo.pid);
+        return -EPERM;
+    }
+
+    // Set the thread group as audio system thread group in consistent with the
+    // implementation in SchedulingPolicyService.java when isApp is false in
+    // requestPriority method.
+    if (!SetTaskProfiles(tid, {get_sched_policy_profile_name(SP_AUDIO_SYS)},
+            /*use_fd_cache*/ true)) {
+        ALOGE("%s:Error in  SetTaskProfiles", __FUNCTION__);
+        return -EPERM;
+    }
+
+    struct sched_param param;
+    param.sched_priority = prio;
+    return sched_setscheduler(tid, SCHED_FIFO | SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK, &param);
+}
+
+} // namespace SchedulingPolicyUtils
+} // namespace camera3
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SchedulingPolicyUtils.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SchedulingPolicyUtils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f71fddf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SchedulingPolicyUtils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#ifndef ANDROID_SERVICE_CAMERA_SCHEDULING_POLICY_UTILS_H
+#define ANDROID_SERVICE_CAMERA_SCHEDULING_POLICY_UTILS_H
+
+namespace android {
+namespace camera3 {
+namespace SchedulingPolicyUtils {
+
+/**
+ * Request elevated priority for thread tid, whose thread group leader must be pid.
+ * Instead of using scheduling policy service, this method uses direct system calls.
+ * The priority parameter is currently restricted from 1 to 3 matching
+ * scheduling policy service implementation.
+ */
+int requestPriorityDirect(int pid, int tid, int prio);
+
+} // SchedulingPolicyUtils
+} // camera3
+} // android
+
+#endif
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SessionConfigurationUtils.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SessionConfigurationUtils.cpp
index ee64284..11ef9b7 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SessionConfigurationUtils.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SessionConfigurationUtils.cpp
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 using android::camera3::OutputStreamInfo;
 using android::camera3::OutputStreamInfo;
 using android::hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceUser;
+using aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::RequestTemplate;
 
 namespace android {
 namespace camera3 {
@@ -682,7 +683,8 @@
         bool isCompositeJpegRDisabled,
         metadataGetter getMetadata, const std::vector<std::string> &physicalCameraIds,
         aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamConfiguration &streamConfiguration,
-        bool overrideForPerfClass, bool *earlyExit) {
+        bool overrideForPerfClass, metadata_vendor_id_t vendorTagId,
+        bool checkSessionParams, bool *earlyExit) {
     using SensorPixelMode = aidl::android::hardware::camera::metadata::SensorPixelMode;
     auto operatingMode = sessionConfiguration.getOperatingMode();
     binder::Status res = checkOperatingMode(operatingMode, deviceInfo,
@@ -875,6 +877,21 @@
             }
         }
     }
+
+    if (checkSessionParams) {
+        const CameraMetadata &deviceInfo = getMetadata(logicalCameraId,
+                /*overrideForPerfClass*/false);
+        CameraMetadata filteredParams;
+
+        filterParameters(sessionConfiguration.getSessionParameters(), deviceInfo,
+                vendorTagId, filteredParams);
+
+        camera_metadata_t* metadata = const_cast<camera_metadata_t*>(filteredParams.getAndLock());
+        uint8_t *metadataP = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(metadata);
+        streamConfiguration.sessionParams.metadata.assign(metadataP,
+                metadataP + get_camera_metadata_size(metadata));
+    }
+
     return binder::Status::ok();
 }
 
@@ -1049,6 +1066,92 @@
     return targetSdkVersion >= SDK_VERSION_S && isPerfClassPrimaryCamera;
 }
 
+binder::Status mapRequestTemplateFromClient(const std::string& cameraId, int templateId,
+        camera_request_template_t* tempId /*out*/) {
+    binder::Status ret = binder::Status::ok();
+
+    if (tempId == nullptr) {
+        ret = STATUS_ERROR_FMT(CameraService::ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
+                "Camera %s: Invalid template argument", cameraId.c_str());
+        return ret;
+    }
+    switch(templateId) {
+        case ICameraDeviceUser::TEMPLATE_PREVIEW:
+            *tempId = camera_request_template_t::CAMERA_TEMPLATE_PREVIEW;
+            break;
+        case ICameraDeviceUser::TEMPLATE_RECORD:
+            *tempId = camera_request_template_t::CAMERA_TEMPLATE_VIDEO_RECORD;
+            break;
+        case ICameraDeviceUser::TEMPLATE_STILL_CAPTURE:
+            *tempId = camera_request_template_t::CAMERA_TEMPLATE_STILL_CAPTURE;
+            break;
+        case ICameraDeviceUser::TEMPLATE_VIDEO_SNAPSHOT:
+            *tempId = camera_request_template_t::CAMERA_TEMPLATE_VIDEO_SNAPSHOT;
+            break;
+        case ICameraDeviceUser::TEMPLATE_ZERO_SHUTTER_LAG:
+            *tempId = camera_request_template_t::CAMERA_TEMPLATE_ZERO_SHUTTER_LAG;
+            break;
+        case ICameraDeviceUser::TEMPLATE_MANUAL:
+            *tempId = camera_request_template_t::CAMERA_TEMPLATE_MANUAL;
+            break;
+        default:
+            ret = STATUS_ERROR_FMT(CameraService::ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
+                    "Camera %s: Template ID %d is invalid or not supported",
+                    cameraId.c_str(), templateId);
+            return ret;
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+status_t mapRequestTemplateToAidl(camera_request_template_t templateId,
+        RequestTemplate* id /*out*/) {
+    switch (templateId) {
+        case CAMERA_TEMPLATE_PREVIEW:
+            *id = RequestTemplate::PREVIEW;
+            break;
+        case CAMERA_TEMPLATE_STILL_CAPTURE:
+            *id = RequestTemplate::STILL_CAPTURE;
+            break;
+        case CAMERA_TEMPLATE_VIDEO_RECORD:
+            *id = RequestTemplate::VIDEO_RECORD;
+            break;
+        case CAMERA_TEMPLATE_VIDEO_SNAPSHOT:
+            *id = RequestTemplate::VIDEO_SNAPSHOT;
+            break;
+        case CAMERA_TEMPLATE_ZERO_SHUTTER_LAG:
+            *id = RequestTemplate::ZERO_SHUTTER_LAG;
+            break;
+        case CAMERA_TEMPLATE_MANUAL:
+            *id = RequestTemplate::MANUAL;
+            break;
+        default:
+            // Unknown template ID, or this HAL is too old to support it
+            return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+    return OK;
+}
+
+void filterParameters(const CameraMetadata& src, const CameraMetadata& deviceInfo,
+        metadata_vendor_id_t vendorTagId, CameraMetadata& dst) {
+    const CameraMetadata params(src);
+    camera_metadata_ro_entry_t availableSessionKeys = deviceInfo.find(
+            ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_SESSION_KEYS);
+    CameraMetadata filteredParams(availableSessionKeys.count);
+    camera_metadata_t *meta = const_cast<camera_metadata_t *>(
+            filteredParams.getAndLock());
+    set_camera_metadata_vendor_id(meta, vendorTagId);
+    filteredParams.unlock(meta);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < availableSessionKeys.count; i++) {
+        camera_metadata_ro_entry entry = params.find(
+                availableSessionKeys.data.i32[i]);
+        if (entry.count > 0) {
+            filteredParams.update(entry);
+        }
+    }
+    dst = std::move(filteredParams);
+}
+
 } // namespace SessionConfigurationUtils
 } // namespace camera3
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SessionConfigurationUtils.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SessionConfigurationUtils.h
index 79d80ea..0545cea 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SessionConfigurationUtils.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SessionConfigurationUtils.h
@@ -48,6 +48,17 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace camera3 {
 
+typedef enum camera_request_template {
+    CAMERA_TEMPLATE_PREVIEW = 1,
+    CAMERA_TEMPLATE_STILL_CAPTURE = 2,
+    CAMERA_TEMPLATE_VIDEO_RECORD = 3,
+    CAMERA_TEMPLATE_VIDEO_SNAPSHOT = 4,
+    CAMERA_TEMPLATE_ZERO_SHUTTER_LAG = 5,
+    CAMERA_TEMPLATE_MANUAL = 6,
+    CAMERA_TEMPLATE_COUNT,
+    CAMERA_VENDOR_TEMPLATE_START = 0x40000000
+} camera_request_template_t;
+
 typedef std::function<CameraMetadata (const std::string &, bool overrideForPerfClass)>
         metadataGetter;
 
@@ -144,7 +155,8 @@
     bool isCompositeJpegRDisabled, metadataGetter getMetadata,
     const std::vector<std::string> &physicalCameraIds,
     aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamConfiguration &streamConfiguration,
-    bool overrideForPerfClass, bool *earlyExit);
+    bool overrideForPerfClass, metadata_vendor_id_t vendorTagId,
+    bool checkSessionParams, bool *earlyExit);
 
 StreamConfigurationPair getStreamConfigurationPair(const CameraMetadata &metadata);
 
@@ -157,6 +169,20 @@
         const std::set<std::string>& perfClassPrimaryCameraIds, const std::string& cameraId,
         int32_t targetSdkVersion);
 
+// Utility method that maps AIDL request templates.
+binder::Status mapRequestTemplateFromClient(const std::string& cameraId, int templateId,
+        camera_request_template_t* tempId /*out*/);
+
+status_t mapRequestTemplateToAidl(camera_request_template_t templateId,
+        aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::RequestTemplate* tempId /*out*/);
+
+void filterParameters(const CameraMetadata& src, const CameraMetadata& deviceInfo,
+        metadata_vendor_id_t vendorTagId, CameraMetadata& dst);
+
+template <typename T> bool contains(std::set<T> container, T value) {
+    return container.find(value) != container.end();
+}
+
 constexpr int32_t MAX_SURFACES_PER_STREAM = 4;
 
 constexpr int32_t ROUNDING_WIDTH_CAP = 1920;
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SessionConfigurationUtilsHidl.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SessionConfigurationUtilsHidl.cpp
index cf93d3b..bf8ea84 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SessionConfigurationUtilsHidl.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SessionConfigurationUtilsHidl.cpp
@@ -108,11 +108,12 @@
         const std::string &logicalCameraId, const CameraMetadata &deviceInfo,
         metadataGetter getMetadata, const std::vector<std::string> &physicalCameraIds,
         hardware::camera::device::V3_7::StreamConfiguration &streamConfiguration,
-        bool overrideForPerfClass, bool *earlyExit) {
+        bool overrideForPerfClass, metadata_vendor_id_t vendorTagId, bool *earlyExit) {
     aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamConfiguration aidlStreamConfiguration;
     auto ret = convertToHALStreamCombination(sessionConfiguration, logicalCameraId, deviceInfo,
             false /*isCompositeJpegRDisabled*/, getMetadata, physicalCameraIds,
-            aidlStreamConfiguration, overrideForPerfClass, earlyExit);
+            aidlStreamConfiguration, overrideForPerfClass, vendorTagId,
+            /*checkSessionParams*/false, earlyExit);
     if (!ret.isOk()) {
         return ret;
     }
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SessionConfigurationUtilsHidl.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SessionConfigurationUtilsHidl.h
index eae2e30..bc37470 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SessionConfigurationUtilsHidl.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/SessionConfigurationUtilsHidl.h
@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@
         const std::string &cameraId, const CameraMetadata &deviceInfo,
         metadataGetter getMetadata, const std::vector<std::string> &physicalCameraIds,
         hardware::camera::device::V3_7::StreamConfiguration &streamConfiguration,
-        bool overrideForPerfClass, bool *earlyExit);
+        bool overrideForPerfClass, metadata_vendor_id_t vendorTagId,
+        bool *earlyExit);
 
 // Utility function to convert a V3_7::StreamConfiguration to
 // V3_4::StreamConfiguration. Return false if the original V3_7 configuration cannot
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/Utils.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/Utils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8f5e86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/Utils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "Utils.h"
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <com_android_internal_camera_flags.h>
+
+
+namespace android {
+
+using namespace com::android::internal::camera::flags;
+
+constexpr const char *LEGACY_VNDK_VERSION_PROP = "ro.vndk.version";
+constexpr const char *BOARD_API_LEVEL_PROP = "ro.board.api_level";
+constexpr int MAX_VENDOR_API_LEVEL = 1000000;
+constexpr int FIRST_VNDK_VERSION = 202404;
+
+int getVNDKVersionFromProp(int defaultVersion) {
+    if (!com_android_internal_camera_flags_use_ro_board_api_level_for_vndk_version()) {
+        return base::GetIntProperty(LEGACY_VNDK_VERSION_PROP, defaultVersion);
+    }
+
+    int vndkVersion = base::GetIntProperty(BOARD_API_LEVEL_PROP, MAX_VENDOR_API_LEVEL);
+
+    if (vndkVersion == MAX_VENDOR_API_LEVEL) {
+        // Couldn't find property
+        return defaultVersion;
+    }
+
+    if (vndkVersion < __ANDROID_API_V__) {
+        // VNDK versions below V return the corresponding SDK version.
+        return vndkVersion;
+    }
+
+    // VNDK for Android V and above are of the format YYYYMM starting with 202404 and is bumped
+    // up once a year. So V would be 202404 and the next one would be 202504.
+    // This is the same assumption as that made in system/core/init/property_service.cpp.
+    vndkVersion = (vndkVersion - FIRST_VNDK_VERSION) / 100;
+    return __ANDROID_API_V__ + vndkVersion;
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/Utils.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/Utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8a107d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/utils/Utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_SERVERS_CAMERA_UTILS_H
+#define ANDROID_SERVERS_CAMERA_UTILS_H
+
+namespace android {
+
+/**
+ * As of Android V, ro.board.api_level returns the year and month of release (ex. 202404)
+ * instead of release SDK version. This function maps year/month format back to release
+ * SDK version.
+ *
+ * Returns defaultVersion if the property is not found.
+ */
+int getVNDKVersionFromProp(int defaultVersion);
+
+} // namespace android
+
+#endif //ANDROID_SERVERS_CAMERA_UTILS_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/.clang-format b/services/camera/virtualcamera/.clang-format
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f397454
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/.clang-format
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+BasedOnStyle: Google
+AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: false
+
+ColumnLimit: 80
+ContinuationIndentWidth: 4
+CommentPragmas: NOLINT:.*
+DerivePointerAlignment: false
+IndentWidth: 2
+PointerAlignment: Left
+UseTab: Never
+PenaltyExcessCharacter: 32
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/Android.bp b/services/camera/virtualcamera/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb4e10f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "libvirtualcamera_defaults",
+    shared_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.common.fmq-V1-ndk",
+        "libbinder",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "liblog",
+        "libfmq",
+        "libgui",
+        "libjpeg",
+        "libnativewindow",
+        "libbase",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libui",
+        "libutils",
+        "libEGL",
+        "libGLESv2",
+        "libGLESv3",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.camera.common@1.0-helper",
+        "android.hardware.camera.common-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.camera.device-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.camera.metadata-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider-V2-ndk",
+        "libaidlcommonsupport",
+        "virtual_camera_service_aidl-ndk",
+    ],
+    cflags: [
+        "-DANDROID_UTILS_REF_BASE_DISABLE_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTION",
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wformat",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libvirtualcamera_utils",
+    srcs: [
+        "util/JpegUtil.cc",
+        "util/MetadataBuilder.cc",
+        "util/Util.cc",
+        "util/TestPatternHelper.cc",
+        "util/EglDisplayContext.cc",
+        "util/EglFramebuffer.cc",
+        "util/EglProgram.cc",
+        "util/EglSurfaceTexture.cc",
+        "util/EglUtil.cc",
+        "util/Permissions.cc"
+    ],
+    defaults: [
+        "libvirtualcamera_defaults",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libvirtualcamera",
+    srcs: [
+        "VirtualCameraProvider.cc",
+        "VirtualCameraDevice.cc",
+        "VirtualCameraSession.cc",
+        "VirtualCameraStream.cc",
+        "VirtualCameraService.cc",
+        "VirtualCameraSessionContext.cc",
+        "VirtualCameraRenderThread.cc",
+    ],
+    defaults: [
+        "libvirtualcamera_defaults",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libvirtualcamera_utils",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: ["."],
+    min_sdk_version: "current",
+}
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "virtual_camera",
+    srcs: ["main.cc"],
+    defaults: [
+        "libvirtualcamera_defaults",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libvirtualcamera",
+        "libvirtualcamera_utils",
+    ],
+    init_rc: ["virtual_camera.hal.rc"],
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/TEST_MAPPING b/services/camera/virtualcamera/TEST_MAPPING
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25fca73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "presubmit" : [
+    {
+      "name": "virtual_camera_tests"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CtsVirtualDevicesCameraTestCases",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.FlakyTest"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraDevice.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraDevice.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..768dffb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraDevice.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "VirtualCameraDevice"
+#include "VirtualCameraDevice.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraSession.h"
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/SupportedStreamConfiguration.h"
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraConfiguration.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/Status.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/CameraMetadata.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamConfiguration.h"
+#include "android/binder_auto_utils.h"
+#include "android/binder_status.h"
+#include "log/log.h"
+#include "system/camera_metadata.h"
+#include "util/MetadataBuilder.h"
+#include "util/Util.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::Format;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::IVirtualCameraCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::LensFacing;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::SensorOrientation;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::SupportedStreamConfiguration;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::VirtualCameraConfiguration;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::CameraResourceCost;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceSession;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraInjectionSession;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamConfiguration;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamRotation;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamType;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat;
+
+namespace {
+
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
+// Prefix of camera name - "device@1.1/virtual/{numerical_id}"
+const char* kDevicePathPrefix = "device@1.1/virtual/";
+
+constexpr int32_t kMaxJpegSize = 3 * 1024 * 1024 /*3MiB*/;
+
+constexpr MetadataBuilder::ControlRegion kDefaultEmptyControlRegion{};
+
+const std::array<int32_t, 3> kOutputFormats{
+    ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_FORMATS_IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED,
+    ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_FORMATS_YCbCr_420_888,
+    ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_FORMATS_BLOB};
+
+struct Resolution {
+  Resolution(const int w, const int h) : width(w), height(h) {
+  }
+
+  bool operator<(const Resolution& other) const {
+    return width * height < other.width * other.height;
+  }
+
+  bool operator==(const Resolution& other) const {
+    return width == other.width && height == other.height;
+  }
+
+  const int width;
+  const int height;
+};
+
+std::optional<Resolution> getMaxResolution(
+    const std::vector<SupportedStreamConfiguration>& configs) {
+  auto itMax = std::max_element(configs.begin(), configs.end(),
+                                [](const SupportedStreamConfiguration& a,
+                                   const SupportedStreamConfiguration& b) {
+                                  return a.width * b.height < a.width * b.height;
+                                });
+  if (itMax == configs.end()) {
+    ALOGE(
+        "%s: empty vector of supported configurations, cannot find largest "
+        "resolution.",
+        __func__);
+    return std::nullopt;
+  }
+
+  return Resolution(itMax->width, itMax->height);
+}
+
+// Returns a map of unique resolution to maximum maxFps for all streams with
+// that resolution.
+std::map<Resolution, int> getResolutionToMaxFpsMap(
+    const std::vector<SupportedStreamConfiguration>& configs) {
+  std::map<Resolution, int> resolutionToMaxFpsMap;
+
+  for (const SupportedStreamConfiguration& config : configs) {
+    Resolution resolution(config.width, config.height);
+    if (resolutionToMaxFpsMap.find(resolution) == resolutionToMaxFpsMap.end()) {
+      resolutionToMaxFpsMap[resolution] = config.maxFps;
+    } else {
+      int currentMaxFps = resolutionToMaxFpsMap[resolution];
+      resolutionToMaxFpsMap[resolution] = std::max(currentMaxFps, config.maxFps);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return resolutionToMaxFpsMap;
+}
+
+// TODO(b/301023410) - Populate camera characteristics according to camera configuration.
+std::optional<CameraMetadata> initCameraCharacteristics(
+    const std::vector<SupportedStreamConfiguration>& supportedInputConfig,
+    const SensorOrientation sensorOrientation, const LensFacing lensFacing) {
+  if (!std::all_of(supportedInputConfig.begin(), supportedInputConfig.end(),
+                   [](const SupportedStreamConfiguration& config) {
+                     return isFormatSupportedForInput(
+                         config.width, config.height, config.pixelFormat,
+                         config.maxFps);
+                   })) {
+    ALOGE("%s: input configuration contains unsupported format", __func__);
+    return std::nullopt;
+  }
+
+  MetadataBuilder builder =
+      MetadataBuilder()
+          .setSupportedHardwareLevel(
+              ANDROID_INFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL_EXTERNAL)
+          .setFlashAvailable(false)
+          .setLensFacing(
+              static_cast<camera_metadata_enum_android_lens_facing>(lensFacing))
+          .setSensorOrientation(static_cast<int32_t>(sensorOrientation))
+          .setAvailableFaceDetectModes({ANDROID_STATISTICS_FACE_DETECT_MODE_OFF})
+          .setAvailableMaxDigitalZoom(1.0)
+          .setControlAvailableModes({ANDROID_CONTROL_MODE_AUTO})
+          .setControlAfAvailableModes({ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_MODE_OFF})
+          .setControlAeAvailableFpsRange(10, 30)
+          .setControlMaxRegions(0, 0, 0)
+          .setControlAfRegions({kDefaultEmptyControlRegion})
+          .setControlAeRegions({kDefaultEmptyControlRegion})
+          .setControlAwbRegions({kDefaultEmptyControlRegion})
+          .setControlAeCompensationRange(0, 1)
+          .setControlAeCompensationStep(camera_metadata_rational_t{0, 1})
+          .setControlZoomRatioRange(/*min=*/1.0, /*max=*/1.0)
+          .setMaxJpegSize(kMaxJpegSize)
+          .setAvailableRequestKeys({ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_MODE})
+          .setAvailableResultKeys({ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_MODE})
+          .setAvailableCapabilities(
+              {ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_BACKWARD_COMPATIBLE})
+          .setAvailableCharacteristicKeys();
+
+  // Active array size must correspond to largest supported input resolution.
+  std::optional<Resolution> maxResolution =
+      getMaxResolution(supportedInputConfig);
+  if (!maxResolution.has_value()) {
+    return std::nullopt;
+  }
+  builder.setSensorActiveArraySize(0, 0, maxResolution->width,
+                                   maxResolution->height);
+
+  std::vector<MetadataBuilder::StreamConfiguration> outputConfigurations;
+
+  // TODO(b/301023410) Add also all "standard" resolutions we can rescale the
+  // streams to (all standard resolutions with same aspect ratio).
+
+  std::map<Resolution, int> resolutionToMaxFpsMap =
+      getResolutionToMaxFpsMap(supportedInputConfig);
+
+  // Add configurations for all unique input resolutions and output formats.
+  for (int32_t format : kOutputFormats) {
+    std::transform(
+        resolutionToMaxFpsMap.begin(), resolutionToMaxFpsMap.end(),
+        std::back_inserter(outputConfigurations), [format](const auto& entry) {
+          Resolution resolution = entry.first;
+          int maxFps = entry.second;
+          return MetadataBuilder::StreamConfiguration{
+              .width = resolution.width,
+              .height = resolution.height,
+              .format = format,
+              .minFrameDuration = std::chrono::nanoseconds(1s) / maxFps,
+              .minStallDuration = 0s};
+        });
+  }
+
+  ALOGV("Adding %zu output configurations", outputConfigurations.size());
+  builder.setAvailableOutputStreamConfigurations(outputConfigurations);
+
+  auto metadata = builder.build();
+  if (metadata == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("Failed to build metadata!");
+    return CameraMetadata();
+  }
+
+  return std::move(*metadata);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+VirtualCameraDevice::VirtualCameraDevice(
+    const uint32_t cameraId, const VirtualCameraConfiguration& configuration)
+    : mCameraId(cameraId),
+      mVirtualCameraClientCallback(configuration.virtualCameraCallback),
+      mSupportedInputConfigurations(configuration.supportedStreamConfigs) {
+  std::optional<CameraMetadata> metadata = initCameraCharacteristics(
+      mSupportedInputConfigurations, configuration.sensorOrientation,
+      configuration.lensFacing);
+  if (metadata.has_value()) {
+    mCameraCharacteristics = *metadata;
+  } else {
+    ALOGE(
+        "%s: Failed to initialize camera characteristic based on provided "
+        "configuration.",
+        __func__);
+  }
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraDevice::getCameraCharacteristics(
+    CameraMetadata* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+  if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+    return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  *_aidl_return = mCameraCharacteristics;
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraDevice::getPhysicalCameraCharacteristics(
+    const std::string& in_physicalCameraId, CameraMetadata* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s: physicalCameraId %s", __func__, in_physicalCameraId.c_str());
+  (void)_aidl_return;
+
+  // VTS tests expect this call to fail with illegal argument status for
+  // all publicly advertised camera ids.
+  // Because we don't support physical camera ids, we just always
+  // fail with illegal argument (there's no valid argument to provide).
+  return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraDevice::getResourceCost(
+    CameraResourceCost* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+  if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+    return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+  _aidl_return->resourceCost = 100;  // ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraDevice::isStreamCombinationSupported(
+    const StreamConfiguration& in_streams, bool* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+
+  if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+    return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  *_aidl_return = isStreamCombinationSupported(in_streams);
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+};
+
+bool VirtualCameraDevice::isStreamCombinationSupported(
+    const StreamConfiguration& streamConfiguration) const {
+  if (streamConfiguration.streams.empty()) {
+    ALOGE("%s: Querying empty configuration", __func__);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  for (const Stream& stream : streamConfiguration.streams) {
+    ALOGV("%s: Configuration queried: %s", __func__, stream.toString().c_str());
+
+    if (stream.streamType == StreamType::INPUT) {
+      ALOGW("%s: Input stream type is not supported", __func__);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // TODO(b/301023410) remove hardcoded format checks, verify against configuration.
+    if (stream.rotation != StreamRotation::ROTATION_0 ||
+        (stream.format != PixelFormat::IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED &&
+         stream.format != PixelFormat::YCBCR_420_888 &&
+         stream.format != PixelFormat::BLOB)) {
+      ALOGV("Unsupported output stream type");
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    auto matchesSupportedInputConfig =
+        [&stream](const SupportedStreamConfiguration& config) {
+          return stream.width == config.width && stream.height == config.height;
+        };
+    if (std::none_of(mSupportedInputConfigurations.begin(),
+                     mSupportedInputConfigurations.end(),
+                     matchesSupportedInputConfig)) {
+      ALOGV("Requested config doesn't match any supported input config");
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraDevice::open(
+    const std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback>& in_callback,
+    std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceSession>* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+
+  *_aidl_return = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraSession>(
+      sharedFromThis(), in_callback, mVirtualCameraClientCallback);
+
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+};
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraDevice::openInjectionSession(
+    const std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback>& in_callback,
+    std::shared_ptr<ICameraInjectionSession>* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+
+  (void)in_callback;
+  (void)_aidl_return;
+  return cameraStatus(Status::OPERATION_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraDevice::setTorchMode(bool in_on) {
+  ALOGV("%s: on = %s", __func__, in_on ? "on" : "off");
+  return cameraStatus(Status::OPERATION_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraDevice::turnOnTorchWithStrengthLevel(
+    int32_t in_torchStrength) {
+  ALOGV("%s: torchStrength = %d", __func__, in_torchStrength);
+  return cameraStatus(Status::OPERATION_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraDevice::getTorchStrengthLevel(
+    int32_t* _aidl_return) {
+  (void)_aidl_return;
+  return cameraStatus(Status::OPERATION_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+}
+
+binder_status_t VirtualCameraDevice::dump(int fd, const char** args,
+                                          uint32_t numArgs) {
+  // TODO(b/301023410) Implement.
+  (void)fd;
+  (void)args;
+  (void)numArgs;
+  return STATUS_OK;
+}
+
+std::string VirtualCameraDevice::getCameraName() const {
+  return std::string(kDevicePathPrefix) + std::to_string(mCameraId);
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> VirtualCameraDevice::sharedFromThis() {
+  // SharedRefBase which BnCameraDevice inherits from breaks
+  // std::enable_shared_from_this. This is recommended replacement for
+  // shared_from_this() per documentation in binder_interface_utils.h.
+  return ref<VirtualCameraDevice>();
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraDevice.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraDevice.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10d52af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraDevice.h
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERADEVICE_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERADEVICE_H
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/IVirtualCameraCallback.h"
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/SupportedStreamConfiguration.h"
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraConfiguration.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BnCameraDevice.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Representation of single virtual camera device, implements
+// ICameraDevice AIDL to expose camera to camera framework.
+class VirtualCameraDevice
+    : public ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BnCameraDevice {
+ public:
+  explicit VirtualCameraDevice(
+      uint32_t cameraId,
+      const aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::VirtualCameraConfiguration&
+          configuration);
+
+  virtual ~VirtualCameraDevice() override = default;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus getCameraCharacteristics(
+      ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata* _aidl_return)
+      override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus getPhysicalCameraCharacteristics(
+      const std::string& in_physicalCameraId,
+      ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata* _aidl_return)
+      override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus getResourceCost(
+      ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::CameraResourceCost*
+          _aidl_return) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus isStreamCombinationSupported(
+      const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamConfiguration&
+          in_streams,
+      bool* _aidl_return) override;
+
+  bool isStreamCombinationSupported(
+      const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamConfiguration&
+          in_streams) const;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus open(
+      const std::shared_ptr<
+          ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceCallback>&
+          in_callback,
+      std::shared_ptr<
+          ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceSession>*
+          _aidl_return) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus openInjectionSession(
+      const std::shared_ptr<
+          ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceCallback>&
+          in_callback,
+      std::shared_ptr<
+          ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraInjectionSession>*
+          _aidl_return) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus setTorchMode(bool in_on) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus turnOnTorchWithStrengthLevel(
+      int32_t in_torchStrength) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus getTorchStrengthLevel(int32_t* _aidl_return) override;
+
+  binder_status_t dump(int fd, const char** args, uint32_t numArgs) override;
+
+  // Returns unique virtual camera name in form
+  // "device@{major}.{minor}/virtual/{numerical_id}"
+  std::string getCameraName() const;
+
+  uint32_t getCameraId() const { return mCameraId; }
+
+ private:
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> sharedFromThis();
+
+  const uint32_t mCameraId;
+  const std::shared_ptr<
+      ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::IVirtualCameraCallback>
+      mVirtualCameraClientCallback;
+
+  ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata mCameraCharacteristics;
+
+  const std::vector<
+      aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::SupportedStreamConfiguration>
+      mSupportedInputConfigurations;
+};
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERADEVICE_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraProvider.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraProvider.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4a68f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraProvider.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "VirtualCameraProvider"
+#include "VirtualCameraProvider.h"
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraDevice.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/Status.h"
+#include "log/log.h"
+#include "util/Util.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::VirtualCameraConfiguration;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::CameraDeviceStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::VendorTagSection;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDevice;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::CameraIdAndStreamCombination;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ConcurrentCameraIdCombination;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ICameraProviderCallback;
+
+// TODO(b/301023410) Make camera id range configurable / dynamic
+// based on already registered devices.
+std::atomic_int VirtualCameraProvider::sNextId{42};
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraProvider::setCallback(
+    const std::shared_ptr<ICameraProviderCallback>& in_callback) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+
+  if (in_callback == nullptr) {
+    return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  {
+    const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    mCameraProviderCallback = in_callback;
+
+    for (const auto& [cameraName, _] : mCameras) {
+      auto ret = mCameraProviderCallback->cameraDeviceStatusChange(
+          cameraName, CameraDeviceStatus::PRESENT);
+      if (!ret.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to announce camera status change: %s",
+              ret.getDescription().c_str());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraProvider::getVendorTags(
+    std::vector<VendorTagSection>* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+
+  if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+    return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  // No vendor tags supported.
+  _aidl_return->clear();
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraProvider::getCameraIdList(
+    std::vector<std::string>* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+
+  if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+    return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  {
+    const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    _aidl_return->clear();
+    _aidl_return->reserve(mCameras.size());
+    for (const auto& [cameraName, _] : mCameras) {
+      _aidl_return->emplace_back(cameraName);
+    }
+  }
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraProvider::getCameraDeviceInterface(
+    const std::string& in_cameraDeviceName,
+    std::shared_ptr<ICameraDevice>* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s cameraDeviceName %s", __func__, in_cameraDeviceName.c_str());
+
+  if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+    return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  {
+    const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    const auto it = mCameras.find(in_cameraDeviceName);
+    *_aidl_return = (it == mCameras.end()) ? nullptr : it->second;
+  }
+
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraProvider::notifyDeviceStateChange(
+    int64_t in_deviceState) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+  (void)in_deviceState;
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraProvider::getConcurrentCameraIds(
+    std::vector<ConcurrentCameraIdCombination>* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+  if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+    return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  // No support for any concurrent combination.
+  _aidl_return->clear();
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraProvider::isConcurrentStreamCombinationSupported(
+    const std::vector<CameraIdAndStreamCombination>& in_configs,
+    bool* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+  (void)in_configs;
+  if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+    return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  // No support for any stream combination at the moment.
+  *_aidl_return = false;
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> VirtualCameraProvider::createCamera(
+    const VirtualCameraConfiguration& configuration) {
+  auto camera =
+      ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraDevice>(sNextId++, configuration);
+  std::shared_ptr<ICameraProviderCallback> callback;
+  {
+    const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    if (mCameras.find(camera->getCameraName()) != mCameras.end()) {
+      ALOGE("Camera with identical name already exists.");
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    mCameras.emplace(std::piecewise_construct,
+                     std::forward_as_tuple(camera->getCameraName()),
+                     std::forward_as_tuple(camera));
+    callback = mCameraProviderCallback;
+  }
+
+  if (callback != nullptr) {
+    auto ret = callback->cameraDeviceStatusChange(camera->getCameraName(),
+                                                  CameraDeviceStatus::PRESENT);
+    if (!ret.isOk()) {
+      ALOGE("Failed to announce camera %s status change (PRESENT): %s",
+            camera->getCameraName().c_str(), ret.getDescription().c_str());
+    }
+  }
+  return camera;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> VirtualCameraProvider::getCamera(
+    const std::string& cameraName) {
+  const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  auto it = mCameras.find(cameraName);
+  return it == mCameras.end() ? nullptr : it->second;
+}
+
+bool VirtualCameraProvider::removeCamera(const std::string& name) {
+  std::shared_ptr<ICameraProviderCallback> callback;
+  {
+    const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    auto it = mCameras.find(name);
+    if (it == mCameras.end()) {
+      ALOGE("Cannot remove camera %s: no such camera", name.c_str());
+      return false;
+    }
+    // TODO(b/301023410) Gracefully shut down camera.
+    mCameras.erase(it);
+    callback = mCameraProviderCallback;
+  }
+
+  if (callback != nullptr) {
+    auto ret = callback->cameraDeviceStatusChange(
+        name, CameraDeviceStatus::NOT_PRESENT);
+    if (!ret.isOk()) {
+      ALOGE("Failed to announce camera %s status change (NOT_PRESENT): %s",
+            name.c_str(), ret.getDescription().c_str());
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraProvider.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraProvider.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11d3123
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraProvider.h
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERAPROVIDER_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERAPROVIDER_H
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraDevice.h"
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/BnVirtualCameraCallback.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/VendorTagSection.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ICameraDevice.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/provider/BnCameraProvider.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/provider/CameraIdAndStreamCombination.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/provider/ConcurrentCameraIdCombination.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/provider/ICameraProviderCallback.h"
+#include "utils/Mutex.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Entry point for virtual camera HAL.
+// Allows to create and keep track of virtual camera and implements
+// IAudioProvider AIDL interface to expose virtual camera devices to camera framework.
+class VirtualCameraProvider
+    : public ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::BnCameraProvider {
+ public:
+  ~VirtualCameraProvider() override = default;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus setCallback(
+      const std::shared_ptr<
+          ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ICameraProviderCallback>&
+          in_callback) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus getVendorTags(
+      std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::VendorTagSection>*
+          _aidl_return) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus getCameraIdList(
+      std::vector<std::string>* _aidl_return) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus getCameraDeviceInterface(
+      const std::string& in_cameraDeviceName,
+      std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDevice>*
+          _aidl_return) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus notifyDeviceStateChange(int64_t in_deviceState) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus getConcurrentCameraIds(
+      std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::
+                      ConcurrentCameraIdCombination>* _aidl_return) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus isConcurrentStreamCombinationSupported(
+      const std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::
+                            CameraIdAndStreamCombination>& in_configs,
+      bool* _aidl_return) override;
+
+  // Create new virtual camera devices
+  // Returns nullptr if creation was not successful.
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> createCamera(
+      const aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::VirtualCameraConfiguration&
+          configuration);
+
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> getCamera(const std::string& name);
+
+  bool removeCamera(const std::string& name);
+
+ private:
+  std::mutex mLock;
+
+  std::shared_ptr<
+      ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ICameraProviderCallback>
+      mCameraProviderCallback GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+
+  std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice>> mCameras
+      GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+
+  // Numerical id to assign to next created camera.
+  static std::atomic_int sNextId;
+};
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERAPROVIDER_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraRenderThread.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraRenderThread.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25fe61b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraRenderThread.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,563 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "VirtualCameraRenderThread"
+#include "VirtualCameraRenderThread.h"
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <future>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "GLES/gl.h"
+#include "VirtualCameraSessionContext.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/Status.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BufferStatus.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/CameraMetadata.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/CaptureResult.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ErrorCode.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ICameraDeviceCallback.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/NotifyMsg.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ShutterMsg.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamBuffer.h"
+#include "android-base/thread_annotations.h"
+#include "android/binder_auto_utils.h"
+#include "android/hardware_buffer.h"
+#include "ui/GraphicBuffer.h"
+#include "util/EglFramebuffer.h"
+#include "util/JpegUtil.h"
+#include "util/MetadataBuilder.h"
+#include "util/TestPatternHelper.h"
+#include "util/Util.h"
+#include "utils/Errors.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CaptureResult;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ErrorCode;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ErrorMsg;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::NotifyMsg;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ShutterMsg;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamBuffer;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat;
+using ::android::base::ScopedLockAssertion;
+
+namespace {
+
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
+static constexpr std::chrono::milliseconds kAcquireFenceTimeout = 500ms;
+
+CameraMetadata createCaptureResultMetadata(
+    const std::chrono::nanoseconds timestamp) {
+  std::unique_ptr<CameraMetadata> metadata =
+      MetadataBuilder().setSensorTimestamp(timestamp).build();
+  if (metadata == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("%s: Failed to build capture result metadata", __func__);
+    return CameraMetadata();
+  }
+  return std::move(*metadata);
+}
+
+NotifyMsg createShutterNotifyMsg(int frameNumber,
+                                 std::chrono::nanoseconds timestamp) {
+  NotifyMsg msg;
+  msg.set<NotifyMsg::Tag::shutter>(ShutterMsg{
+      .frameNumber = frameNumber,
+      .timestamp = timestamp.count(),
+  });
+  return msg;
+}
+
+NotifyMsg createBufferErrorNotifyMsg(int frameNumber, int streamId) {
+  NotifyMsg msg;
+  msg.set<NotifyMsg::Tag::error>(ErrorMsg{.frameNumber = frameNumber,
+                                          .errorStreamId = streamId,
+                                          .errorCode = ErrorCode::ERROR_BUFFER});
+  return msg;
+}
+
+NotifyMsg createRequestErrorNotifyMsg(int frameNumber) {
+  NotifyMsg msg;
+  msg.set<NotifyMsg::Tag::error>(ErrorMsg{
+      .frameNumber = frameNumber,
+      // errorStreamId needs to be set to -1 for ERROR_REQUEST
+      // (not tied to specific stream).
+      .errorStreamId = -1,
+      .errorCode = ErrorCode::ERROR_REQUEST});
+  return msg;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<EglFrameBuffer> allocateTemporaryFramebuffer(
+    EGLDisplay eglDisplay, const uint width, const int height) {
+  const AHardwareBuffer_Desc desc{
+      .width = static_cast<uint32_t>(width),
+      .height = static_cast<uint32_t>(height),
+      .layers = 1,
+      .format = AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_Y8Cb8Cr8_420,
+      .usage = AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_GPU_FRAMEBUFFER |
+               AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_CPU_READ_OFTEN,
+      .rfu0 = 0,
+      .rfu1 = 0};
+
+  AHardwareBuffer* hwBufferPtr;
+  int status = AHardwareBuffer_allocate(&desc, &hwBufferPtr);
+  if (status != NO_ERROR) {
+    ALOGE(
+        "%s: Failed to allocate hardware buffer for temporary framebuffer: %d",
+        __func__, status);
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  return std::make_shared<EglFrameBuffer>(
+      eglDisplay,
+      std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer>(hwBufferPtr, AHardwareBuffer_release));
+}
+
+bool isYuvFormat(const PixelFormat pixelFormat) {
+  switch (static_cast<android_pixel_format_t>(pixelFormat)) {
+    case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCBCR_422_I:
+    case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCBCR_422_SP:
+    case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_Y16:
+    case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YV12:
+    case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCBCR_420_888:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+CaptureRequestBuffer::CaptureRequestBuffer(int streamId, int bufferId,
+                                           sp<Fence> fence)
+    : mStreamId(streamId), mBufferId(bufferId), mFence(fence) {
+}
+
+int CaptureRequestBuffer::getStreamId() const {
+  return mStreamId;
+}
+
+int CaptureRequestBuffer::getBufferId() const {
+  return mBufferId;
+}
+
+sp<Fence> CaptureRequestBuffer::getFence() const {
+  return mFence;
+}
+
+VirtualCameraRenderThread::VirtualCameraRenderThread(
+    VirtualCameraSessionContext& sessionContext, const int mWidth,
+    const int mHeight,
+    std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback> cameraDeviceCallback, bool testMode)
+    : mCameraDeviceCallback(cameraDeviceCallback),
+      mInputSurfaceWidth(mWidth),
+      mInputSurfaceHeight(mHeight),
+      mTestMode(testMode),
+      mSessionContext(sessionContext) {
+}
+
+VirtualCameraRenderThread::~VirtualCameraRenderThread() {
+  stop();
+  if (mThread.joinable()) {
+    mThread.join();
+  }
+}
+
+ProcessCaptureRequestTask::ProcessCaptureRequestTask(
+    int frameNumber, const std::vector<CaptureRequestBuffer>& requestBuffers)
+    : mFrameNumber(frameNumber), mBuffers(requestBuffers) {
+}
+
+int ProcessCaptureRequestTask::getFrameNumber() const {
+  return mFrameNumber;
+}
+
+const std::vector<CaptureRequestBuffer>& ProcessCaptureRequestTask::getBuffers()
+    const {
+  return mBuffers;
+}
+
+void VirtualCameraRenderThread::enqueueTask(
+    std::unique_ptr<ProcessCaptureRequestTask> task) {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  mQueue.emplace_back(std::move(task));
+  mCondVar.notify_one();
+}
+
+void VirtualCameraRenderThread::flush() {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  while (!mQueue.empty()) {
+    std::unique_ptr<ProcessCaptureRequestTask> task = std::move(mQueue.front());
+    mQueue.pop_front();
+    flushCaptureRequest(*task);
+  }
+}
+
+void VirtualCameraRenderThread::start() {
+  mThread = std::thread(&VirtualCameraRenderThread::threadLoop, this);
+}
+
+void VirtualCameraRenderThread::stop() {
+  {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    mPendingExit = true;
+    mCondVar.notify_one();
+  }
+}
+
+sp<Surface> VirtualCameraRenderThread::getInputSurface() {
+  return mInputSurfacePromise.get_future().get();
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<ProcessCaptureRequestTask>
+VirtualCameraRenderThread::dequeueTask() {
+  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  // Clang's thread safety analysis doesn't perform alias analysis,
+  // so it doesn't support moveable std::unique_lock.
+  //
+  // Lock assertion below is basically explicit declaration that
+  // the lock is held in this scope, which is true, since it's only
+  // released during waiting inside mCondVar.wait calls.
+  ScopedLockAssertion lockAssertion(mLock);
+
+  mCondVar.wait(lock, [this]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
+    return mPendingExit || !mQueue.empty();
+  });
+  if (mPendingExit) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  std::unique_ptr<ProcessCaptureRequestTask> task = std::move(mQueue.front());
+  mQueue.pop_front();
+  return task;
+}
+
+void VirtualCameraRenderThread::threadLoop() {
+  ALOGV("Render thread starting");
+
+  mEglDisplayContext = std::make_unique<EglDisplayContext>();
+  mEglTextureYuvProgram =
+      std::make_unique<EglTextureProgram>(EglTextureProgram::TextureFormat::YUV);
+  mEglTextureRgbProgram = std::make_unique<EglTextureProgram>(
+      EglTextureProgram::TextureFormat::RGBA);
+  mEglSurfaceTexture = std::make_unique<EglSurfaceTexture>(mInputSurfaceWidth,
+                                                           mInputSurfaceHeight);
+  mInputSurfacePromise.set_value(mEglSurfaceTexture->getSurface());
+
+  while (std::unique_ptr<ProcessCaptureRequestTask> task = dequeueTask()) {
+    processCaptureRequest(*task);
+  }
+
+  ALOGV("Render thread exiting");
+}
+
+void VirtualCameraRenderThread::processCaptureRequest(
+    const ProcessCaptureRequestTask& request) {
+  const std::chrono::nanoseconds timestamp =
+      std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(
+          std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch());
+
+  CaptureResult captureResult;
+  captureResult.fmqResultSize = 0;
+  captureResult.frameNumber = request.getFrameNumber();
+  // Partial result needs to be set to 1 when metadata are present.
+  captureResult.partialResult = 1;
+  captureResult.inputBuffer.streamId = -1;
+  captureResult.physicalCameraMetadata.resize(0);
+  captureResult.result = createCaptureResultMetadata(timestamp);
+
+  const std::vector<CaptureRequestBuffer>& buffers = request.getBuffers();
+  captureResult.outputBuffers.resize(buffers.size());
+
+  if (mTestMode) {
+    // In test mode let's just render something to the Surface ourselves.
+    renderTestPatternYCbCr420(mEglSurfaceTexture->getSurface(),
+                              request.getFrameNumber());
+  }
+
+  mEglSurfaceTexture->updateTexture();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < buffers.size(); ++i) {
+    const CaptureRequestBuffer& reqBuffer = buffers[i];
+    StreamBuffer& resBuffer = captureResult.outputBuffers[i];
+    resBuffer.streamId = reqBuffer.getStreamId();
+    resBuffer.bufferId = reqBuffer.getBufferId();
+    resBuffer.status = BufferStatus::OK;
+
+    const std::optional<Stream> streamConfig =
+        mSessionContext.getStreamConfig(reqBuffer.getStreamId());
+
+    if (!streamConfig.has_value()) {
+      resBuffer.status = BufferStatus::ERROR;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    auto status = streamConfig->format == PixelFormat::BLOB
+                      ? renderIntoBlobStreamBuffer(reqBuffer.getStreamId(),
+                                                   reqBuffer.getBufferId(),
+                                                   reqBuffer.getFence())
+                      : renderIntoImageStreamBuffer(reqBuffer.getStreamId(),
+                                                    reqBuffer.getBufferId(),
+                                                    reqBuffer.getFence());
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+      resBuffer.status = BufferStatus::ERROR;
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::vector<NotifyMsg> notifyMsg{
+      createShutterNotifyMsg(request.getFrameNumber(), timestamp)};
+  for (const StreamBuffer& resBuffer : captureResult.outputBuffers) {
+    if (resBuffer.status != BufferStatus::OK) {
+      notifyMsg.push_back(createBufferErrorNotifyMsg(request.getFrameNumber(),
+                                                     resBuffer.streamId));
+    }
+  }
+
+  auto status = mCameraDeviceCallback->notify(notifyMsg);
+  if (!status.isOk()) {
+    ALOGE("%s: notify call failed: %s", __func__,
+          status.getDescription().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CaptureResult>
+      captureResults(1);
+  captureResults[0] = std::move(captureResult);
+
+  status = mCameraDeviceCallback->processCaptureResult(captureResults);
+  if (!status.isOk()) {
+    ALOGE("%s: processCaptureResult call failed: %s", __func__,
+          status.getDescription().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ALOGD("%s: Successfully called processCaptureResult", __func__);
+}
+
+void VirtualCameraRenderThread::flushCaptureRequest(
+    const ProcessCaptureRequestTask& request) {
+  CaptureResult captureResult;
+  captureResult.fmqResultSize = 0;
+  captureResult.frameNumber = request.getFrameNumber();
+  captureResult.inputBuffer.streamId = -1;
+
+  const std::vector<CaptureRequestBuffer>& buffers = request.getBuffers();
+  captureResult.outputBuffers.resize(buffers.size());
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < buffers.size(); ++i) {
+    const CaptureRequestBuffer& reqBuffer = buffers[i];
+    StreamBuffer& resBuffer = captureResult.outputBuffers[i];
+    resBuffer.streamId = reqBuffer.getStreamId();
+    resBuffer.bufferId = reqBuffer.getBufferId();
+    resBuffer.status = BufferStatus::ERROR;
+    sp<Fence> fence = reqBuffer.getFence();
+    if (fence != nullptr && fence->isValid()) {
+      resBuffer.releaseFence.fds.emplace_back(fence->dup());
+    }
+  }
+
+  auto status = mCameraDeviceCallback->notify(
+      {createRequestErrorNotifyMsg(request.getFrameNumber())});
+  if (!status.isOk()) {
+    ALOGE("%s: notify call failed: %s", __func__,
+          status.getDescription().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CaptureResult>
+      captureResults(1);
+  captureResults[0] = std::move(captureResult);
+
+  status = mCameraDeviceCallback->processCaptureResult(captureResults);
+  if (!status.isOk()) {
+    ALOGE("%s: processCaptureResult call failed: %s", __func__,
+          status.getDescription().c_str());
+  }
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraRenderThread::renderIntoBlobStreamBuffer(
+    const int streamId, const int bufferId, sp<Fence> fence) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+  std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> hwBuffer =
+      mSessionContext.fetchHardwareBuffer(streamId, bufferId);
+  if (hwBuffer == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("%s: Failed to fetch hardware buffer %d for streamId %d", __func__,
+          bufferId, streamId);
+    return cameraStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+  }
+
+  std::optional<Stream> stream = mSessionContext.getStreamConfig(streamId);
+  if (!stream.has_value()) {
+    ALOGE("%s, failed to fetch information about stream %d", __func__, streamId);
+    return cameraStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+  }
+
+  // Let's create YUV framebuffer and render the surface into this.
+  // This will take care about rescaling as well as potential format conversion.
+  std::shared_ptr<EglFrameBuffer> framebuffer = allocateTemporaryFramebuffer(
+      mEglDisplayContext->getEglDisplay(), stream->width, stream->height);
+  if (framebuffer == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("Failed to allocate temporary framebuffer for JPEG compression");
+    return cameraStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+  }
+
+  // Render into temporary framebuffer.
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus status = renderIntoEglFramebuffer(*framebuffer);
+  if (!status.isOk()) {
+    ALOGE("Failed to render input texture into temporary framebuffer");
+    return status;
+  }
+
+  AHardwareBuffer_Planes planes_info;
+
+  int32_t rawFence = fence != nullptr ? fence->get() : -1;
+  int result = AHardwareBuffer_lockPlanes(hwBuffer.get(),
+                                          AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_CPU_READ_RARELY,
+                                          rawFence, nullptr, &planes_info);
+  if (result != OK) {
+    ALOGE("%s: Failed to lock planes for BLOB buffer: %d", __func__, result);
+    return cameraStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+  }
+
+  std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> inHwBuffer = framebuffer->getHardwareBuffer();
+  GraphicBuffer* gBuffer = GraphicBuffer::fromAHardwareBuffer(inHwBuffer.get());
+
+  bool compressionSuccess = true;
+  if (gBuffer != nullptr) {
+    android_ycbcr ycbcr;
+    if (gBuffer->getPixelFormat() != HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_420_888) {
+      // This should never happen since we're allocating the temporary buffer
+      // with YUV420 layout above.
+      ALOGE("%s: Cannot compress non-YUV buffer (pixelFormat %d)", __func__,
+            gBuffer->getPixelFormat());
+      AHardwareBuffer_unlock(hwBuffer.get(), nullptr);
+      return cameraStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    status_t status =
+        gBuffer->lockYCbCr(AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_CPU_READ_OFTEN, &ycbcr);
+    ALOGV("Locked buffers");
+    if (status != NO_ERROR) {
+      AHardwareBuffer_unlock(hwBuffer.get(), nullptr);
+      ALOGE("%s: Failed to lock graphic buffer: %d", __func__, status);
+      return cameraStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    compressionSuccess =
+        compressJpeg(gBuffer->getWidth(), gBuffer->getHeight(), ycbcr,
+                     stream->bufferSize, planes_info.planes[0].data);
+
+    status_t res = gBuffer->unlock();
+    if (res != NO_ERROR) {
+      ALOGE("Failed to unlock graphic buffer: %d", res);
+    }
+  } else {
+    compressionSuccess =
+        compressBlackJpeg(stream->width, stream->height, stream->bufferSize,
+                          planes_info.planes[0].data);
+  }
+  AHardwareBuffer_unlock(hwBuffer.get(), nullptr);
+  ALOGV("Unlocked buffers");
+  return compressionSuccess ? ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()
+                            : cameraStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraRenderThread::renderIntoImageStreamBuffer(
+    int streamId, int bufferId, sp<Fence> fence) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+
+  const std::chrono::nanoseconds before =
+      std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(
+          std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch());
+
+  // Render test pattern using EGL.
+  std::shared_ptr<EglFrameBuffer> framebuffer =
+      mSessionContext.fetchOrCreateEglFramebuffer(
+          mEglDisplayContext->getEglDisplay(), streamId, bufferId);
+  if (framebuffer == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE(
+        "%s: Failed to get EGL framebuffer corresponding to buffer id "
+        "%d for streamId %d",
+        __func__, bufferId, streamId);
+    return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus status = renderIntoEglFramebuffer(*framebuffer, fence);
+
+  const std::chrono::nanoseconds after =
+      std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(
+          std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch());
+
+  ALOGV("Rendering to buffer %d, stream %d took %lld ns", bufferId, streamId,
+        after.count() - before.count());
+
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraRenderThread::renderIntoEglFramebuffer(
+    EglFrameBuffer& framebuffer, sp<Fence> fence) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+  // Wait for fence to clear.
+  if (fence != nullptr && fence->isValid()) {
+    status_t ret = fence->wait(kAcquireFenceTimeout.count());
+    if (ret != 0) {
+      ALOGE("Timeout while waiting for the acquire fence for buffer");
+      return cameraStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+  }
+
+  mEglDisplayContext->makeCurrent();
+  framebuffer.beforeDraw();
+
+  sp<GraphicBuffer> textureBuffer = mEglSurfaceTexture->getCurrentBuffer();
+  if (textureBuffer == nullptr) {
+    // If there's no current buffer, nothing was written to the surface and
+    // texture is not initialized yet. Let's render the framebuffer black
+    // instead of rendering the texture.
+    glClearColor(0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f);
+    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
+  } else {
+    const bool renderSuccess =
+        isYuvFormat(static_cast<PixelFormat>(textureBuffer->getPixelFormat()))
+            ? mEglTextureYuvProgram->draw(
+                  mEglSurfaceTexture->getTextureId(),
+                  mEglSurfaceTexture->getTransformMatrix())
+            : mEglTextureRgbProgram->draw(
+                  mEglSurfaceTexture->getTextureId(),
+                  mEglSurfaceTexture->getTransformMatrix());
+    if (!renderSuccess) {
+      ALOGE("%s: Failed to render texture", __func__);
+      return cameraStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+  }
+  framebuffer.afterDraw();
+
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraRenderThread.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraRenderThread.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3aaed8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraRenderThread.h
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERARENDERTHREAD_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERARENDERTHREAD_H
+
+#include <deque>
+#include <future>
+#include <memory>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraSessionContext.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ICameraDeviceCallback.h"
+#include "android/binder_auto_utils.h"
+#include "util/EglDisplayContext.h"
+#include "util/EglFramebuffer.h"
+#include "util/EglProgram.h"
+#include "util/EglSurfaceTexture.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Represents single output buffer of capture request.
+class CaptureRequestBuffer {
+ public:
+  CaptureRequestBuffer(int streamId, int bufferId, sp<Fence> fence = nullptr);
+
+  int getStreamId() const;
+  int getBufferId() const;
+  sp<Fence> getFence() const;
+
+ private:
+  const int mStreamId;
+  const int mBufferId;
+  const sp<Fence> mFence;
+};
+
+// Represents single capture request to fill set of buffers.
+class ProcessCaptureRequestTask {
+ public:
+  ProcessCaptureRequestTask(
+      int frameNumber, const std::vector<CaptureRequestBuffer>& requestBuffers);
+
+  // Returns frame number corresponding to the request.
+  int getFrameNumber() const;
+
+  // Get reference to vector describing output buffers corresponding
+  // to this request.
+  //
+  // Note that the vector is owned by the ProcessCaptureRequestTask instance,
+  // so it cannot be access outside of its lifetime.
+  const std::vector<CaptureRequestBuffer>& getBuffers() const;
+
+ private:
+  const int mFrameNumber;
+  const std::vector<CaptureRequestBuffer> mBuffers;
+};
+
+// Wraps dedicated rendering thread and rendering business with corresponding
+// input surface.
+class VirtualCameraRenderThread {
+ public:
+  // Create VirtualCameraRenderThread instance:
+  // * sessionContext - VirtualCameraSessionContext reference for shared access
+  // to mapped buffers.
+  // * inputWidth - requested width of input surface ("virtual camera sensor")
+  // * inputHeight - requested height of input surface ("virtual camera sensor")
+  // * cameraDeviceCallback - callback for corresponding camera instance
+  // * testMode - when set to true, test pattern is rendered to input surface
+  // before each capture request is processed to simulate client input.
+  VirtualCameraRenderThread(
+      VirtualCameraSessionContext& sessionContext, int inputWidth,
+      int inputHeight,
+      std::shared_ptr<
+          ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceCallback>
+          cameraDeviceCallback,
+      bool testMode = false);
+
+  ~VirtualCameraRenderThread();
+
+  // Start rendering thread.
+  void start();
+  // Stop rendering thread.
+  void stop();
+
+  // Equeue capture task for processing on render thread.
+  void enqueueTask(std::unique_ptr<ProcessCaptureRequestTask> task)
+      EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Flush all in-flight requests.
+  void flush() EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Returns input surface corresponding to "virtual camera sensor".
+  sp<Surface> getInputSurface();
+
+ private:
+  std::unique_ptr<ProcessCaptureRequestTask> dequeueTask() EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Rendering thread entry point.
+  void threadLoop();
+
+  // Process single capture request task (always called on render thread).
+  void processCaptureRequest(const ProcessCaptureRequestTask& captureRequestTask);
+
+  // Flush single capture request task returning the error status immediately.
+  void flushCaptureRequest(const ProcessCaptureRequestTask& captureRequestTask);
+
+  // TODO(b/301023410) - Refactor the actual rendering logic off this class for
+  // easier testability.
+
+  // Render current image to the BLOB buffer.
+  // If fence is specified, this function will block until the fence is cleared
+  // before writing to the buffer.
+  // Always called on render thread.
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus renderIntoBlobStreamBuffer(const int streamId,
+                                                const int bufferId,
+                                                sp<Fence> fence = nullptr);
+
+  // Render current image to the YCbCr buffer.
+  // If fence is specified, this function will block until the fence is cleared
+  // before writing to the buffer.
+  // Always called on render thread.
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus renderIntoImageStreamBuffer(int streamId, int bufferId,
+                                                 sp<Fence> fence = nullptr);
+
+  // Render current image into provided EglFramebuffer.
+  // If fence is specified, this function will block until the fence is cleared
+  // before writing to the buffer.
+  // Always called on the render thread.
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus renderIntoEglFramebuffer(EglFrameBuffer& framebuffer,
+                                              sp<Fence> fence = nullptr);
+
+  // Camera callback
+  const std::shared_ptr<
+      ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceCallback>
+      mCameraDeviceCallback;
+
+  const int mInputSurfaceWidth;
+  const int mInputSurfaceHeight;
+  const int mTestMode;
+
+  VirtualCameraSessionContext& mSessionContext;
+
+  std::thread mThread;
+
+  // Blocking queue implementation.
+  std::mutex mLock;
+  std::deque<std::unique_ptr<ProcessCaptureRequestTask>> mQueue GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+  std::condition_variable mCondVar;
+  volatile bool mPendingExit GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+
+  // EGL helpers - constructed and accessed only from rendering thread.
+  std::unique_ptr<EglDisplayContext> mEglDisplayContext;
+  std::unique_ptr<EglTextureProgram> mEglTextureYuvProgram;
+  std::unique_ptr<EglTextureProgram> mEglTextureRgbProgram;
+  std::unique_ptr<EglSurfaceTexture> mEglSurfaceTexture;
+
+  std::promise<sp<Surface>> mInputSurfacePromise;
+};
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERARENDERTHREAD_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraService.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraService.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1144997
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraService.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "VirtualCameraService"
+#include "VirtualCameraService.h"
+
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraDevice.h"
+#include "VirtualCameraProvider.h"
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/Format.h"
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraConfiguration.h"
+#include "android/binder_auto_utils.h"
+#include "android/binder_libbinder.h"
+#include "binder/Status.h"
+#include "util/Permissions.h"
+#include "util/Util.h"
+
+using ::android::binder::Status;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::Format;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::LensFacing;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::SensorOrientation;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::SupportedStreamConfiguration;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::VirtualCameraConfiguration;
+
+namespace {
+
+constexpr int kVgaWidth = 640;
+constexpr int kVgaHeight = 480;
+constexpr int kMaxFps = 60;
+constexpr char kEnableTestCameraCmd[] = "enable_test_camera";
+constexpr char kDisableTestCameraCmd[] = "disable_test_camera";
+constexpr char kShellCmdHelp[] = R"(
+Available commands:
+ * enable_test_camera
+ * disable_test_camera
+)";
+constexpr char kCreateVirtualDevicePermission[] =
+    "android.permission.CREATE_VIRTUAL_DEVICE";
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus validateConfiguration(
+    const VirtualCameraConfiguration& configuration) {
+  if (configuration.supportedStreamConfigs.empty()) {
+    ALOGE("%s: No supported input configuration specified", __func__);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+        Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  for (const SupportedStreamConfiguration& config :
+       configuration.supportedStreamConfigs) {
+    if (!isFormatSupportedForInput(config.width, config.height,
+                                   config.pixelFormat, config.maxFps)) {
+      ALOGE("%s: Requested unsupported input format: %d x %d (%d)", __func__,
+            config.width, config.height, static_cast<int>(config.pixelFormat));
+      return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+          Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (configuration.sensorOrientation != SensorOrientation::ORIENTATION_0 &&
+      configuration.sensorOrientation != SensorOrientation::ORIENTATION_90 &&
+      configuration.sensorOrientation != SensorOrientation::ORIENTATION_180 &&
+      configuration.sensorOrientation != SensorOrientation::ORIENTATION_270) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+        Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  if (configuration.lensFacing != LensFacing::FRONT &&
+      configuration.lensFacing != LensFacing::BACK &&
+      configuration.lensFacing != LensFacing::EXTERNAL) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+        Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+VirtualCameraService::VirtualCameraService(
+    std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraProvider> virtualCameraProvider,
+    const PermissionsProxy& permissionProxy)
+    : mVirtualCameraProvider(virtualCameraProvider),
+      mPermissionProxy(permissionProxy) {
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraService::registerCamera(
+    const ::ndk::SpAIBinder& token,
+    const VirtualCameraConfiguration& configuration, bool* _aidl_return) {
+  if (!mPermissionProxy.checkCallingPermission(kCreateVirtualDevicePermission)) {
+    ALOGE("%s: caller (pid %d, uid %d) doesn't hold %s permission", __func__,
+          getpid(), getuid(), kCreateVirtualDevicePermission);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_SECURITY);
+  }
+
+  if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+        Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  *_aidl_return = true;
+
+  auto status = validateConfiguration(configuration);
+  if (!status.isOk()) {
+    *_aidl_return = false;
+    return status;
+  }
+
+  std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+  if (mTokenToCameraName.find(token) != mTokenToCameraName.end()) {
+    ALOGE(
+        "Attempt to register camera corresponding to already registered binder "
+        "token: "
+        "0x%" PRIxPTR,
+        reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(token.get()));
+    *_aidl_return = false;
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+  }
+
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> camera =
+      mVirtualCameraProvider->createCamera(configuration);
+  if (camera == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("Failed to create camera for binder token 0x%" PRIxPTR,
+          reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(token.get()));
+    *_aidl_return = false;
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+        Status::EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC);
+  }
+
+  mTokenToCameraName[token] = camera->getCameraName();
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraService::unregisterCamera(
+    const ::ndk::SpAIBinder& token) {
+  if (!mPermissionProxy.checkCallingPermission(kCreateVirtualDevicePermission)) {
+    ALOGE("%s: caller (pid %d, uid %d) doesn't hold %s permission", __func__,
+          getpid(), getuid(), kCreateVirtualDevicePermission);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_SECURITY);
+  }
+
+  std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+
+  auto it = mTokenToCameraName.find(token);
+  if (it == mTokenToCameraName.end()) {
+    ALOGE(
+        "Attempt to unregister camera corresponding to unknown binder token: "
+        "0x%" PRIxPTR,
+        reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(token.get()));
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+  }
+
+  mVirtualCameraProvider->removeCamera(it->second);
+
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraService::getCameraId(
+        const ::ndk::SpAIBinder& token, int32_t* _aidl_return) {
+  if (!mPermissionProxy.checkCallingPermission(kCreateVirtualDevicePermission)) {
+    ALOGE("%s: caller (pid %d, uid %d) doesn't hold %s permission", __func__,
+          getpid(), getuid(), kCreateVirtualDevicePermission);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_SECURITY);
+  }
+
+  if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+            Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  auto camera = getCamera(token);
+  if (camera == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE(
+        "Attempt to get camera id corresponding to unknown binder token: "
+        "0x%" PRIxPTR,
+        reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(token.get()));
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+  }
+
+  *_aidl_return = camera->getCameraId();
+
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> VirtualCameraService::getCamera(
+    const ::ndk::SpAIBinder& token) {
+  if (token == nullptr) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+  auto it = mTokenToCameraName.find(token);
+  if (it == mTokenToCameraName.end()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  return mVirtualCameraProvider->getCamera(it->second);
+}
+
+binder_status_t VirtualCameraService::handleShellCommand(int in, int out,
+                                                         int err,
+                                                         const char** args,
+                                                         uint32_t numArgs) {
+  if (numArgs <= 0) {
+    dprintf(out, kShellCmdHelp);
+    fsync(out);
+    return STATUS_OK;
+  }
+
+  if (args == nullptr || args[0] == nullptr) {
+    return STATUS_BAD_VALUE;
+  }
+  const char* const cmd = args[0];
+  if (strcmp(kEnableTestCameraCmd, cmd) == 0) {
+    enableTestCameraCmd(in, err);
+  } else if (strcmp(kDisableTestCameraCmd, cmd) == 0) {
+    disableTestCameraCmd(in);
+  } else {
+    dprintf(out, kShellCmdHelp);
+  }
+
+  fsync(out);
+  return STATUS_OK;
+}
+
+void VirtualCameraService::enableTestCameraCmd(const int out, const int err) {
+  if (mTestCameraToken != nullptr) {
+    dprintf(out, "Test camera is already enabled (%s).",
+            getCamera(mTestCameraToken)->getCameraName().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  sp<BBinder> token = sp<BBinder>::make();
+  mTestCameraToken.set(AIBinder_fromPlatformBinder(token));
+
+  bool ret;
+  VirtualCameraConfiguration configuration;
+  configuration.supportedStreamConfigs.push_back({.width = kVgaWidth,
+                                                  .height = kVgaHeight,
+                                                  Format::YUV_420_888,
+                                                  .maxFps = kMaxFps});
+  configuration.lensFacing = LensFacing::EXTERNAL;
+  registerCamera(mTestCameraToken, configuration, &ret);
+  if (ret) {
+    dprintf(out, "Successfully registered test camera %s",
+            getCamera(mTestCameraToken)->getCameraName().c_str());
+  } else {
+    dprintf(err, "Failed to create test camera");
+  }
+}
+
+void VirtualCameraService::disableTestCameraCmd(const int out) {
+  if (mTestCameraToken == nullptr) {
+    dprintf(out, "Test camera is not registered.");
+  }
+  unregisterCamera(mTestCameraToken);
+  mTestCameraToken.set(nullptr);
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraService.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraService.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d573986
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraService.h
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERASERVICE_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERASERVICE_H
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraDevice.h"
+#include "VirtualCameraProvider.h"
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/BnVirtualCameraService.h"
+#include "util/Permissions.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Implementation of Virtual Camera Service for managing virtual camera devices.
+class VirtualCameraService
+    : public aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::BnVirtualCameraService {
+ public:
+  VirtualCameraService(
+      std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraProvider> virtualCameraProvider,
+      const PermissionsProxy& permissionProxy = PermissionsProxy::get());
+
+  // Register camera corresponding to the binder token.
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus registerCamera(
+      const ::ndk::SpAIBinder& token,
+      const ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::VirtualCameraConfiguration&
+          configuration,
+      bool* _aidl_return) override EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Unregisters camera corresponding to the binder token.
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus unregisterCamera(const ::ndk::SpAIBinder& token) override
+      EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Returns the camera id corresponding to the binder token.
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus getCameraId(
+      const ::ndk::SpAIBinder& token, int32_t* _aidl_return) override EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Returns VirtualCameraDevice corresponding to binder token or nullptr if
+  // there's no camera asociated with the token.
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> getCamera(const ::ndk::SpAIBinder& token)
+      EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Handle cmd shell commands `adb shell cmd virtual_camera_service` [args].
+  binder_status_t handleShellCommand(int in, int out, int err, const char** args,
+                                     uint32_t numArgs) override;
+
+ private:
+  // Create and enable test camera instance if there's none.
+  void enableTestCameraCmd(int out, int err);
+  // Disable and destroy test camera instance if there's one.
+  void disableTestCameraCmd(int out);
+
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraProvider> mVirtualCameraProvider;
+
+  const PermissionsProxy& mPermissionProxy;
+
+  std::mutex mLock;
+  struct BinderTokenHash {
+    std::size_t operator()(const ::ndk::SpAIBinder& key) const {
+      return std::hash<void*>{}(reinterpret_cast<void*>(key.get()));
+    }
+  };
+  // Map Binder tokens to names of cameras managed by camera provider.
+  std::unordered_map<::ndk::SpAIBinder, std::string, BinderTokenHash>
+      mTokenToCameraName GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+
+  // Local binder token for test camera instance, or nullptr if there's none.
+  ::ndk::SpAIBinder mTestCameraToken;
+};
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERASERVICE_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraSession.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraSession.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03d63b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraSession.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,458 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "VirtualCameraSession"
+#include "VirtualCameraSession.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <optional>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "CameraMetadata.h"
+#include "EGL/egl.h"
+#include "VirtualCameraDevice.h"
+#include "VirtualCameraRenderThread.h"
+#include "VirtualCameraStream.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/Status.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BufferCache.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BufferStatus.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/CaptureRequest.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/HalStream.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/NotifyMsg.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ShutterMsg.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamBuffer.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamConfiguration.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamRotation.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/BufferUsage.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/PixelFormat.h"
+#include "android/hardware_buffer.h"
+#include "android/native_window_aidl.h"
+#include "fmq/AidlMessageQueue.h"
+#include "system/camera_metadata.h"
+#include "ui/GraphicBuffer.h"
+#include "util/EglDisplayContext.h"
+#include "util/EglFramebuffer.h"
+#include "util/EglProgram.h"
+#include "util/JpegUtil.h"
+#include "util/MetadataBuilder.h"
+#include "util/TestPatternHelper.h"
+#include "util/Util.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::Format;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::IVirtualCameraCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferCache;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraOfflineSessionInfo;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CaptureRequest;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::HalStream;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraOfflineSession;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::RequestTemplate;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamBuffer;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamConfiguration;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamRotation;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::MQDescriptor;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::SynchronizedReadWrite;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::BufferUsage;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat;
+using ::android::base::unique_fd;
+
+namespace {
+
+using metadata_ptr =
+    std::unique_ptr<camera_metadata_t, void (*)(camera_metadata_t*)>;
+
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
+// Size of request/result metadata fast message queue.
+// Setting to 0 to always disables FMQ.
+static constexpr size_t kMetadataMsgQueueSize = 0;
+
+// Maximum number of buffers to use per single stream.
+static constexpr size_t kMaxStreamBuffers = 2;
+
+CameraMetadata createDefaultRequestSettings(RequestTemplate type) {
+  hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata metadataHelper;
+
+  camera_metadata_enum_android_control_capture_intent_t intent =
+      ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT_PREVIEW;
+  switch (type) {
+    case RequestTemplate::PREVIEW:
+      intent = ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT_PREVIEW;
+      break;
+    case RequestTemplate::STILL_CAPTURE:
+      intent = ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT_STILL_CAPTURE;
+      break;
+    case RequestTemplate::VIDEO_RECORD:
+      intent = ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT_VIDEO_RECORD;
+      break;
+    case RequestTemplate::VIDEO_SNAPSHOT:
+      intent = ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT_VIDEO_SNAPSHOT;
+      break;
+    default:
+      // Leave default.
+      break;
+  }
+
+  auto metadata = MetadataBuilder().setControlCaptureIntent(intent).build();
+  return (metadata != nullptr) ? std::move(*metadata) : CameraMetadata();
+}
+
+HalStream getHalStream(const Stream& stream) {
+  HalStream halStream;
+  halStream.id = stream.id;
+  halStream.physicalCameraId = stream.physicalCameraId;
+  halStream.maxBuffers = kMaxStreamBuffers;
+
+  if (stream.format == PixelFormat::IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED) {
+    // If format is implementation defined we need it to override
+    // it with actual format.
+    // TODO(b/301023410) Override with the format based on the
+    // camera configuration, once we support more formats.
+    halStream.overrideFormat = PixelFormat::YCBCR_420_888;
+  } else {
+    halStream.overrideFormat = stream.format;
+  }
+  halStream.overrideDataSpace = stream.dataSpace;
+
+  halStream.producerUsage = BufferUsage::GPU_RENDER_TARGET;
+  halStream.supportOffline = false;
+  return halStream;
+}
+
+Stream getHighestResolutionStream(const std::vector<Stream>& streams) {
+  return *(std::max_element(streams.begin(), streams.end(),
+                            [](const Stream& a, const Stream& b) {
+                              return a.width * a.height < b.width * b.height;
+                            }));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+VirtualCameraSession::VirtualCameraSession(
+    std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> cameraDevice,
+    std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback> cameraDeviceCallback,
+    std::shared_ptr<IVirtualCameraCallback> virtualCameraClientCallback)
+    : mCameraDevice(cameraDevice),
+      mCameraDeviceCallback(cameraDeviceCallback),
+      mVirtualCameraClientCallback(virtualCameraClientCallback) {
+  mRequestMetadataQueue = std::make_unique<RequestMetadataQueue>(
+      kMetadataMsgQueueSize, false /* non blocking */);
+  if (!mRequestMetadataQueue->isValid()) {
+    ALOGE("%s: invalid request fmq", __func__);
+  }
+
+  mResultMetadataQueue = std::make_shared<ResultMetadataQueue>(
+      kMetadataMsgQueueSize, false /* non blocking */);
+  if (!mResultMetadataQueue->isValid()) {
+    ALOGE("%s: invalid result fmq", __func__);
+  }
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraSession::close() {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+
+  if (mVirtualCameraClientCallback != nullptr) {
+    mVirtualCameraClientCallback->onStreamClosed(/*streamId=*/0);
+  }
+
+  {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    if (mRenderThread != nullptr) {
+      mRenderThread->stop();
+      mRenderThread = nullptr;
+    }
+  }
+
+  mSessionContext.closeAllStreams();
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraSession::configureStreams(
+    const StreamConfiguration& in_requestedConfiguration,
+    std::vector<HalStream>* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s: requestedConfiguration: %s", __func__,
+        in_requestedConfiguration.toString().c_str());
+
+  if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+    return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> virtualCamera = mCameraDevice.lock();
+  if (virtualCamera == nullptr) {
+    ALOGW("%s: configure called on already unregistered camera", __func__);
+    return cameraStatus(Status::CAMERA_DISCONNECTED);
+  }
+
+  mSessionContext.removeStreamsNotInStreamConfiguration(
+      in_requestedConfiguration);
+
+  auto& streams = in_requestedConfiguration.streams;
+  auto& halStreams = *_aidl_return;
+  halStreams.clear();
+  halStreams.resize(in_requestedConfiguration.streams.size());
+
+  sp<Surface> inputSurface = nullptr;
+  int inputWidth;
+  int inputHeight;
+
+  if (!virtualCamera->isStreamCombinationSupported(in_requestedConfiguration)) {
+    ALOGE("%s: Requested stream configuration is not supported", __func__);
+    return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    for (int i = 0; i < in_requestedConfiguration.streams.size(); ++i) {
+      halStreams[i] = getHalStream(streams[i]);
+      if (mSessionContext.initializeStream(streams[i])) {
+        ALOGV("Configured new stream: %s", streams[i].toString().c_str());
+      }
+    }
+
+    Stream maxResStream = getHighestResolutionStream(streams);
+    inputWidth = maxResStream.width;
+    inputHeight = maxResStream.height;
+    if (mRenderThread == nullptr) {
+      // If there's no client callback, start camera in test mode.
+      const bool testMode = mVirtualCameraClientCallback == nullptr;
+      mRenderThread = std::make_unique<VirtualCameraRenderThread>(
+          mSessionContext, inputWidth, inputHeight, mCameraDeviceCallback,
+          testMode);
+      mRenderThread->start();
+      inputSurface = mRenderThread->getInputSurface();
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (mVirtualCameraClientCallback != nullptr && inputSurface != nullptr) {
+    // TODO(b/301023410) Pass streamId based on client input stream id once
+    // support for multiple input streams is implemented. For now we always
+    // create single texture.
+    mVirtualCameraClientCallback->onStreamConfigured(
+        /*streamId=*/0, aidl::android::view::Surface(inputSurface.get()),
+        inputWidth, inputHeight, Format::YUV_420_888);
+  }
+
+  mFirstRequest.store(true);
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraSession::constructDefaultRequestSettings(
+    RequestTemplate in_type, CameraMetadata* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s: type %d", __func__, static_cast<int32_t>(in_type));
+
+  switch (in_type) {
+    case RequestTemplate::PREVIEW:
+    case RequestTemplate::STILL_CAPTURE:
+    case RequestTemplate::VIDEO_RECORD:
+    case RequestTemplate::VIDEO_SNAPSHOT: {
+      *_aidl_return = createDefaultRequestSettings(in_type);
+      return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    case RequestTemplate::MANUAL:
+    case RequestTemplate::ZERO_SHUTTER_LAG:
+      // Don't support VIDEO_SNAPSHOT, MANUAL, ZSL templates
+      return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+          static_cast<int32_t>(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT));
+      ;
+    default:
+      ALOGE("%s: unknown request template type %d", __FUNCTION__,
+            static_cast<int>(in_type));
+      return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+          static_cast<int32_t>(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT));
+      ;
+  }
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraSession::flush() {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  if (mRenderThread != nullptr) {
+    mRenderThread->flush();
+  }
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraSession::getCaptureRequestMetadataQueue(
+    MQDescriptor<int8_t, SynchronizedReadWrite>* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+  *_aidl_return = mRequestMetadataQueue->dupeDesc();
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraSession::getCaptureResultMetadataQueue(
+    MQDescriptor<int8_t, SynchronizedReadWrite>* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+  *_aidl_return = mResultMetadataQueue->dupeDesc();
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraSession::isReconfigurationRequired(
+    const CameraMetadata& in_oldSessionParams,
+    const CameraMetadata& in_newSessionParams, bool* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s: oldSessionParams: %s newSessionParams: %s", __func__,
+        in_newSessionParams.toString().c_str(),
+        in_oldSessionParams.toString().c_str());
+
+  if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+        static_cast<int32_t>(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT));
+  }
+
+  *_aidl_return = true;
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraSession::processCaptureRequest(
+    const std::vector<CaptureRequest>& in_requests,
+    const std::vector<BufferCache>& in_cachesToRemove, int32_t* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+
+  if (!in_cachesToRemove.empty()) {
+    mSessionContext.removeBufferCaches(in_cachesToRemove);
+  }
+
+  for (const auto& captureRequest : in_requests) {
+    auto status = processCaptureRequest(captureRequest);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+      return status;
+    }
+  }
+  *_aidl_return = in_requests.size();
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraSession::signalStreamFlush(
+    const std::vector<int32_t>& in_streamIds, int32_t in_streamConfigCounter) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+
+  (void)in_streamIds;
+  (void)in_streamConfigCounter;
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraSession::switchToOffline(
+    const std::vector<int32_t>& in_streamsToKeep,
+    CameraOfflineSessionInfo* out_offlineSessionInfo,
+    std::shared_ptr<ICameraOfflineSession>* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+
+  (void)in_streamsToKeep;
+  (void)out_offlineSessionInfo;
+
+  if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+        static_cast<int32_t>(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT));
+  }
+
+  *_aidl_return = nullptr;
+  return cameraStatus(Status::OPERATION_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraSession::repeatingRequestEnd(
+    int32_t in_frameNumber, const std::vector<int32_t>& in_streamIds) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+  (void)in_frameNumber;
+  (void)in_streamIds;
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+std::set<int> VirtualCameraSession::getStreamIds() const {
+  return mSessionContext.getStreamIds();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraSession::processCaptureRequest(
+    const CaptureRequest& request) {
+  ALOGD("%s: request: %s", __func__, request.toString().c_str());
+
+  if (mFirstRequest.exchange(false) && request.settings.metadata.empty()) {
+    return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback> cameraCallback = nullptr;
+  {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    cameraCallback = mCameraDeviceCallback;
+  }
+
+  if (cameraCallback == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE(
+        "%s: processCaptureRequest called, but there's no camera callback "
+        "configured",
+        __func__);
+    return cameraStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+  }
+
+  if (!mSessionContext.importBuffersFromCaptureRequest(request)) {
+    ALOGE("Failed to import buffers from capture request.");
+    return cameraStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+  }
+
+  std::vector<CaptureRequestBuffer> taskBuffers;
+  taskBuffers.reserve(request.outputBuffers.size());
+  for (const StreamBuffer& streamBuffer : request.outputBuffers) {
+    taskBuffers.emplace_back(streamBuffer.streamId, streamBuffer.bufferId,
+                             importFence(streamBuffer.acquireFence));
+  }
+
+  {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    if (mRenderThread == nullptr) {
+      ALOGE(
+          "%s: processCaptureRequest (frameNumber %d)called before configure "
+          "(render thread not initialized)",
+          __func__, request.frameNumber);
+      return cameraStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+    mRenderThread->enqueueTask(std::make_unique<ProcessCaptureRequestTask>(
+        request.frameNumber, taskBuffers));
+  }
+
+  if (mVirtualCameraClientCallback != nullptr) {
+    auto status = mVirtualCameraClientCallback->onProcessCaptureRequest(
+        /*streamId=*/0, request.frameNumber);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+      ALOGE(
+          "Failed to invoke onProcessCaptureRequest client callback for frame "
+          "%d",
+          request.frameNumber);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraSession.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraSession.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82a7a34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraSession.h
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERASESSION_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERASESSION_H
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <memory>
+#include <set>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraRenderThread.h"
+#include "VirtualCameraSessionContext.h"
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/IVirtualCameraCallback.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BnCameraDeviceSession.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ICameraDeviceCallback.h"
+#include "utils/Mutex.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+struct AidlMessageQueue;
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+class VirtualCameraDevice;
+
+// Implementation of ICameraDeviceSession AIDL interface to allow camera
+// framework to read image data from open virtual camera device. This class
+// encapsulates possibly several image streams for the same session.
+class VirtualCameraSession
+    : public ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BnCameraDeviceSession {
+ public:
+  // Construct new virtual camera session.
+  // When virtualCameraClientCallback is null, the input surface will be filled
+  // with test pattern.
+  VirtualCameraSession(
+      std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> mCameraDevice,
+      std::shared_ptr<
+          ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceCallback>
+          cameraDeviceCallback,
+      std::shared_ptr<
+          ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::IVirtualCameraCallback>
+          virtualCameraClientCallback = nullptr);
+
+  virtual ~VirtualCameraSession() override = default;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus close() override EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus configureStreams(
+      const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamConfiguration&
+          in_requestedConfiguration,
+      std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::HalStream>*
+          _aidl_return) override EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus constructDefaultRequestSettings(
+      ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::RequestTemplate in_type,
+      ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata* _aidl_return)
+      override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus flush() override EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus getCaptureRequestMetadataQueue(
+      ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::MQDescriptor<
+          int8_t, ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::SynchronizedReadWrite>*
+          _aidl_return) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus getCaptureResultMetadataQueue(
+      ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::MQDescriptor<
+          int8_t, ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::SynchronizedReadWrite>*
+          _aidl_return) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus isReconfigurationRequired(
+      const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata&
+          in_oldSessionParams,
+      const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata&
+          in_newSessionParams,
+      bool* _aidl_return) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus processCaptureRequest(
+      const std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CaptureRequest>&
+          in_requests,
+      const std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferCache>&
+          in_cachesToRemove,
+      int32_t* _aidl_return) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus signalStreamFlush(const std::vector<int32_t>& in_streamIds,
+                                       int32_t in_streamConfigCounter) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus switchToOffline(
+      const std::vector<int32_t>& in_streamsToKeep,
+      ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraOfflineSessionInfo*
+          out_offlineSessionInfo,
+      std::shared_ptr<
+          ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraOfflineSession>*
+          _aidl_return) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus repeatingRequestEnd(
+      int32_t in_frameNumber, const std::vector<int32_t>& in_streamIds) override;
+
+  std::set<int> getStreamIds() const EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+ private:
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus processCaptureRequest(
+      const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CaptureRequest& request)
+      EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  std::weak_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> mCameraDevice;
+
+  mutable std::mutex mLock;
+
+  std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceCallback>
+      mCameraDeviceCallback GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+
+  const std::shared_ptr<
+      ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::IVirtualCameraCallback>
+      mVirtualCameraClientCallback;
+
+  VirtualCameraSessionContext mSessionContext;
+
+  using RequestMetadataQueue = AidlMessageQueue<
+      int8_t, ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::SynchronizedReadWrite>;
+  std::unique_ptr<RequestMetadataQueue> mRequestMetadataQueue;
+
+  using ResultMetadataQueue = AidlMessageQueue<
+      int8_t, ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::SynchronizedReadWrite>;
+  std::shared_ptr<ResultMetadataQueue> mResultMetadataQueue;
+
+  std::atomic_bool mFirstRequest{true};
+
+  std::unique_ptr<VirtualCameraRenderThread> mRenderThread GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+};
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_SERVICES_VIRTUAL_CAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERASESSION_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraSessionContext.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraSessionContext.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..284ad05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraSessionContext.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "VirtualCameraSessionContext.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraStream.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamConfiguration.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferCache;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamBuffer;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamConfiguration;
+
+bool VirtualCameraSessionContext::initializeStream(
+    const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream& stream) {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+
+  auto s = std::make_unique<VirtualCameraStream>(stream);
+
+  const auto& [_, newlyInserted] = mStreams.emplace(
+      std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(stream.id),
+      std::forward_as_tuple(std::move(s)));
+  return newlyInserted;
+}
+
+void VirtualCameraSessionContext::closeAllStreams() {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  mStreams.clear();
+}
+
+bool VirtualCameraSessionContext::importBuffersFromCaptureRequest(
+    const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CaptureRequest&
+        captureRequest) {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+
+  for (const StreamBuffer& buffer : captureRequest.outputBuffers) {
+    auto it = mStreams.find(buffer.streamId);
+    if (it == mStreams.end()) {
+      ALOGE("%s: Cannot import buffer for unknown stream with id %d", __func__,
+            buffer.streamId);
+      return false;
+    }
+    VirtualCameraStream& stream = *it->second;
+    if (stream.getHardwareBuffer(buffer.bufferId) != nullptr) {
+      // This buffer is already imported.
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (stream.importBuffer(buffer) == nullptr) {
+      ALOGE("%s: Failed to import buffer %" PRId64 " for streamId %d", __func__,
+            buffer.bufferId, buffer.streamId);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void VirtualCameraSessionContext::removeBufferCaches(
+    const std::vector<BufferCache>& cachesToRemove) {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  for (const auto& bufferCache : cachesToRemove) {
+    auto it = mStreams.find(bufferCache.streamId);
+    if (it == mStreams.end()) {
+      ALOGE("%s: Ask to remove buffer %" PRId64 " from unknown stream %d",
+            __func__, bufferCache.bufferId, bufferCache.streamId);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (it->second->removeBuffer(bufferCache.bufferId)) {
+      ALOGD("%s: Successfully removed buffer %" PRId64
+            " from cache of stream %d",
+            __func__, bufferCache.bufferId, bufferCache.streamId);
+    } else {
+      ALOGE("%s: Failed to remove buffer %" PRId64 " from cache of stream %d",
+            __func__, bufferCache.bufferId, bufferCache.streamId);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void VirtualCameraSessionContext::removeStreamsNotInStreamConfiguration(
+    const StreamConfiguration& streamConfiguration) {
+  std::unordered_set<int> newConfigurationStreamIds;
+  for (const Stream& stream : streamConfiguration.streams) {
+    newConfigurationStreamIds.insert(stream.id);
+  }
+
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  for (auto it = mStreams.begin(); it != mStreams.end();) {
+    if (newConfigurationStreamIds.find(it->first) ==
+        newConfigurationStreamIds.end()) {
+      ALOGV(
+          "Disposing of stream %d, since it is not referenced by new "
+          "configuration.",
+          it->first);
+      it = mStreams.erase(it);
+    } else {
+      ++it;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+std::optional<Stream> VirtualCameraSessionContext::getStreamConfig(
+    int streamId) const {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  auto it = mStreams.find(streamId);
+  if (it == mStreams.end()) {
+    ALOGE("%s: StreamBuffer references buffer of unknown streamId %d", __func__,
+          streamId);
+    return std::optional<Stream>();
+  }
+  return {it->second->getStreamConfig()};
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> VirtualCameraSessionContext::fetchHardwareBuffer(
+    const int streamId, const int bufferId) const {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  auto it = mStreams.find(streamId);
+  if (it == mStreams.end()) {
+    ALOGE("%s: StreamBuffer references buffer of unknown streamId %d", __func__,
+          streamId);
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  return it->second->getHardwareBuffer(bufferId);
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<EglFrameBuffer>
+VirtualCameraSessionContext::fetchOrCreateEglFramebuffer(
+    const EGLDisplay eglDisplay, const int streamId, const int bufferId) {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  auto it = mStreams.find(streamId);
+  if (it == mStreams.end()) {
+    ALOGE("%s: StreamBuffer references buffer of unknown streamId %d", __func__,
+          streamId);
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  return it->second->getEglFrameBuffer(eglDisplay, bufferId);
+}
+
+std::set<int> VirtualCameraSessionContext::getStreamIds() const {
+  std::set<int> result;
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  for (const auto& [streamId, _] : mStreams) {
+    result.insert(streamId);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraSessionContext.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraSessionContext.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5cf5f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraSessionContext.h
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERASESSIONCONTEXT_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERASESSIONCONTEXT_H
+
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <set>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraStream.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BufferCache.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/CaptureRequest.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/Stream.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamConfiguration.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Encapsulates set of streams belonging to the same camera session.
+class VirtualCameraSessionContext {
+ public:
+  // (Re)initialize the stream.
+  //
+  // Returns true if the stream is initialized for the first time.
+  bool initializeStream(
+      const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream& stream)
+      EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Close all streams and free all asociated buffers.
+  void closeAllStreams() EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Remove no longer needed buffers.
+  void removeBufferCaches(
+      const std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferCache>&
+          cachesToRemove) EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Remove all streams not referenced by provided configuration.
+  void removeStreamsNotInStreamConfiguration(
+      const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamConfiguration&
+          streamConfiguration) EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Importored all not-yet imported buffers referenced by the capture request.
+  bool importBuffersFromCaptureRequest(
+      const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CaptureRequest&
+          captureRequest) EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Get stream configuration for provided stream id.
+  // Returns nullopt in case there's no stream with provided stream id.
+  std::optional<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream>
+  getStreamConfig(int streamId) const EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Get hardware buffer for provided streamId & bufferId.
+  // Returns nullptr in case there's no such buffer.
+  std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> fetchHardwareBuffer(int streamId,
+                                                       int bufferId) const
+      EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Get EGL framebuffer for provided EGL display, streamId & buffer id.
+  //
+  // This will also lazily create EglFrameBuffer for the provided EGLDisplay
+  // connection and will cache it (subsequent calls for same EGLDisplay and
+  // buffer will return same instance of EglFrameBuffer).
+  //
+  // Returns nullptr in case there's no such buffer or it was not possible
+  // to create EglFrameBuffer.
+  std::shared_ptr<EglFrameBuffer> fetchOrCreateEglFramebuffer(
+      const EGLDisplay eglDisplay, int streamId, int bufferId) EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Returns set of all stream ids managed by this instance.
+  std::set<int> getStreamIds() const EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+ private:
+  mutable std::mutex mLock;
+  // streamId -> VirtualCameraStream mapping.
+  std::map<int, std::unique_ptr<VirtualCameraStream>> mStreams GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+};
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERASESSIONCONTEXT_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraStream.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraStream.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03da171
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraStream.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "VirtualCameraStream"
+#include "VirtualCameraStream.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "EGL/egl.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/Stream.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamBuffer.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/PixelFormat.h"
+#include "aidlcommonsupport/NativeHandle.h"
+#include "android/hardware_buffer.h"
+#include "cutils/native_handle.h"
+#include "ui/GraphicBuffer.h"
+#include "ui/GraphicBufferMapper.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamBuffer;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::common::NativeHandle;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat;
+
+namespace {
+
+sp<GraphicBuffer> createBlobGraphicBuffer(GraphicBufferMapper& mapper,
+                                          buffer_handle_t bufferHandle) {
+  uint64_t allocationSize;
+  uint64_t usage;
+  uint64_t layerCount;
+  if (mapper.getAllocationSize(bufferHandle, &allocationSize) != NO_ERROR ||
+      mapper.getUsage(bufferHandle, &usage) != NO_ERROR ||
+      mapper.getLayerCount(bufferHandle, &layerCount) != NO_ERROR) {
+    ALOGE("Error fetching metadata for the imported BLOB buffer handle.");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  return sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(
+      bufferHandle, GraphicBuffer::HandleWrapMethod::TAKE_HANDLE,
+      allocationSize, /*height=*/1, static_cast<int>(ui::PixelFormat::BLOB),
+      layerCount, usage, 0);
+}
+
+sp<GraphicBuffer> createYCbCr420GraphicBuffer(GraphicBufferMapper& mapper,
+                                              buffer_handle_t bufferHandle) {
+  uint64_t width;
+  uint64_t height;
+  uint64_t usage;
+  uint64_t layerCount;
+  if (mapper.getWidth(bufferHandle, &width) != NO_ERROR ||
+      mapper.getHeight(bufferHandle, &height) != NO_ERROR ||
+      mapper.getUsage(bufferHandle, &usage) != NO_ERROR ||
+      mapper.getLayerCount(bufferHandle, &layerCount) != NO_ERROR) {
+    ALOGE("Error fetching metadata for the imported YCbCr420 buffer handle.");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  return sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(
+      bufferHandle, GraphicBuffer::HandleWrapMethod::TAKE_HANDLE, width, height,
+      static_cast<int>(ui::PixelFormat::YCBCR_420_888), /*layers=*/1, usage,
+      width);
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> importBufferInternal(
+    const NativeHandle& aidlHandle, const Stream& streamConfig) {
+  if (aidlHandle.fds.empty()) {
+    ALOGE("Empty handle - nothing to import");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  std::unique_ptr<native_handle_t, int (*)(native_handle_t*)> nativeHandle(
+      ::android::makeFromAidl(aidlHandle), native_handle_delete);
+
+  GraphicBufferMapper& mapper = GraphicBufferMapper::get();
+
+  buffer_handle_t bufferHandle;
+  // Use importBufferNoValidate to rely on ground-truth metadata passed along
+  // the buffer.
+  int ret = mapper.importBufferNoValidate(nativeHandle.get(), &bufferHandle);
+  if (ret != NO_ERROR) {
+    ALOGE("Failed to import buffer handle: %d", ret);
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  sp<GraphicBuffer> buf =
+      streamConfig.format == PixelFormat::BLOB
+          ? createBlobGraphicBuffer(mapper, bufferHandle)
+          : createYCbCr420GraphicBuffer(mapper, bufferHandle);
+
+  if (buf->initCheck() != NO_ERROR) {
+    ALOGE("Imported graphic buffer is not correcly initialized.");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  AHardwareBuffer* rawPtr = buf->toAHardwareBuffer();
+  AHardwareBuffer_acquire(rawPtr);
+
+  return std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer>(buf->toAHardwareBuffer(),
+                                          AHardwareBuffer_release);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+VirtualCameraStream::VirtualCameraStream(const Stream& stream)
+    : mStreamConfig(stream) {
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> VirtualCameraStream::importBuffer(
+    const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamBuffer& buffer) {
+  auto hwBufferPtr = importBufferInternal(buffer.buffer, mStreamConfig);
+  if (hwBufferPtr != nullptr) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    mBuffers.emplace(std::piecewise_construct,
+                     std::forward_as_tuple(buffer.bufferId),
+                     std::forward_as_tuple(hwBufferPtr));
+  }
+  return hwBufferPtr;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> VirtualCameraStream::getHardwareBuffer(
+    const int bufferId) {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  return getHardwareBufferLocked(bufferId);
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<EglFrameBuffer> VirtualCameraStream::getEglFrameBuffer(
+    const EGLDisplay eglDisplay, const int bufferId) {
+  const FramebufferMapKey key(bufferId, eglDisplay);
+
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+
+  auto it = mEglFramebuffers.find(key);
+  if (it != mEglFramebuffers.end()) {
+    return it->second;
+  }
+
+  std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> hwBufferPtr =
+      getHardwareBufferLocked(bufferId);
+  if (hwBufferPtr == nullptr) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  std::shared_ptr<EglFrameBuffer> framebufferPtr =
+      std::make_shared<EglFrameBuffer>(eglDisplay, hwBufferPtr);
+  mEglFramebuffers.emplace(std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(key),
+                           std::forward_as_tuple(framebufferPtr));
+
+  return framebufferPtr;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> VirtualCameraStream::getHardwareBufferLocked(
+    const int bufferId) {
+  auto it = mBuffers.find(bufferId);
+  return it != mBuffers.end() ? it->second : nullptr;
+}
+
+bool VirtualCameraStream::removeBuffer(int bufferId) {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+
+  return mBuffers.erase(bufferId) == 1;
+}
+
+Stream VirtualCameraStream::getStreamConfig() const {
+  return mStreamConfig;
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraStream.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraStream.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d76d05c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraStream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERASTREAM_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERASTREAM_H
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include "EGL/egl.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/Stream.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamBuffer.h"
+#include "android/hardware_buffer.h"
+#include "util/EglFramebuffer.h"
+#include "utils/Mutex.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Encapsulates buffer management for the set of buffers belonging to the single
+// camera stream.
+class VirtualCameraStream {
+ public:
+  VirtualCameraStream(
+      const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream& stream);
+
+  std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> importBuffer(
+      const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamBuffer& streamBuffer);
+
+  // Get AHardwareBuffer instance corresponding to StreamBuffer from camera AIDL.
+  // In case this is the first occurrence of the buffer, this will perform mapping
+  // and stores hardware buffer in cache for further use.
+  //
+  // Returns nullptr in case buffer cannot be mapped or retrieved from the cache.
+  std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> getHardwareBuffer(int bufferId)
+      EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  std::shared_ptr<EglFrameBuffer> getEglFrameBuffer(const EGLDisplay eglDisplay,
+                                                    int bufferId)
+      EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Un-maps the previously mapped buffer and removes it from the stream cache.
+  // Returns true if removal is successful, false otherwise.
+  bool removeBuffer(int bufferId) EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Returns AIDL Stream instance containing configuration of this stream.
+  ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream getStreamConfig() const;
+
+ private:
+  std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> getHardwareBufferLocked(int bufferId)
+      REQUIRES(mLock);
+
+  const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream mStreamConfig;
+  std::mutex mLock;
+
+  // Cache for already mapped buffers, mapping bufferId -> AHardwareBuffer instance.
+  std::unordered_map<int, std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer>> mBuffers
+      GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+
+  using FramebufferMapKey = std::pair<int, EGLDisplay>;
+  struct FramebufferMapKeyHash {
+    std::size_t operator()(const FramebufferMapKey& key) const {
+      return std::hash<int>{}(key.first) ^
+             (std::hash<void*>{}(reinterpret_cast<void*>(key.second)) << 1);
+    }
+  };
+  std::unordered_map<FramebufferMapKey, std::shared_ptr<EglFrameBuffer>,
+                     FramebufferMapKeyHash>
+      mEglFramebuffers GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+};
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERASTREAM_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/Android.bp b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9c2195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+aidl_interface {
+    name: "virtual_camera_service_aidl",
+    unstable: true,
+    srcs: [
+        "android/companion/virtualcamera/Format.aidl",
+        "android/companion/virtualcamera/LensFacing.aidl",
+        "android/companion/virtualcamera/IVirtualCameraCallback.aidl",
+        "android/companion/virtualcamera/IVirtualCameraService.aidl",
+        "android/companion/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraConfiguration.aidl",
+        "android/companion/virtualcamera/SensorOrientation.aidl",
+        "android/companion/virtualcamera/SupportedStreamConfiguration.aidl",
+    ],
+    local_include_dir: ".",
+    include_dirs: [
+        "frameworks/native/aidl/gui",
+    ],
+    backend: {
+        cpp: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
+        ndk: {
+            enabled: true,
+            additional_shared_libraries: [
+                "libnativewindow",
+            ],
+            min_sdk_version: "34",
+        },
+        java: {
+            enabled: true,
+            platform_apis: true,
+        }
+    },
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/Format.aidl b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/Format.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b155147
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/Format.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.companion.virtualcamera;
+
+/**
+ * Pixel format supported by a virtual camera stream.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@Backing(type="int")
+enum Format {
+    UNKNOWN = 0,
+    RGBA_8888 = 1,
+    YUV_420_888 = 0x23,
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/IVirtualCameraCallback.aidl b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/IVirtualCameraCallback.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5a84f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/IVirtualCameraCallback.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.companion.virtualcamera;
+
+import android.companion.virtualcamera.Format;
+import android.view.Surface;
+
+/**
+ * AIDL Interface to receive callbacks from virtual camera instance.
+ * @hide
+ */
+oneway interface IVirtualCameraCallback {
+
+    /**
+     * Called when there's new video stream. This callback is send after clients opens and
+     * configures camera. Implementation should hold onto the surface until corresponding
+     * terminateStream call is received.
+     *
+     * @param streamId - id of the video stream.
+     * @param surface - Surface representing the virtual camera sensor.
+     * @param width - width of the surface.
+     * @param height - height of the surface.
+     * @param pixelFormat - pixel format of the surface.
+     */
+    void onStreamConfigured(int streamId, in Surface surface, int width, int height,
+            in Format pixelFormat);
+
+    /**
+     * Called when framework requests capture. This can be used by the client as a hint
+     * to render another frame into input surface.
+     *
+     * @param streamId - id of the stream corresponding to the Surface for which next
+     *     frame is requested.
+     * @param frameId - id of the requested frame.
+     */
+    void onProcessCaptureRequest(int streamId, int frameId);
+
+    /**
+     * Called when the corresponding stream is no longer in use. Implementation should dispose of
+     * corresponding Surface upon receiving this call and no longer interact with it.
+     *
+     * @param streamId - id of the video stream to terminate.
+     */
+    void onStreamClosed(int streamId);
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/IVirtualCameraService.aidl b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/IVirtualCameraService.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb74f5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/IVirtualCameraService.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.companion.virtualcamera;
+
+import android.companion.virtualcamera.VirtualCameraConfiguration;
+
+/**
+ * AIDL Interface to communicate with the VirtualCamera HAL
+ * @hide
+ */
+interface IVirtualCameraService {
+
+    /**
+     * Registers a new camera with the virtual camera hal.
+     * @return true if the camera was successfully registered
+     */
+    boolean registerCamera(in IBinder token, in VirtualCameraConfiguration configuration);
+
+    /**
+     * Unregisters the camera from the virtual camera hal. After this call the virtual camera won't
+     * be visible to the camera framework anymore.
+     */
+    void unregisterCamera(in IBinder token);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the camera id for a given binder token. Note that this id corresponds to the id of
+     * the camera device in the camera framework.
+     */
+    int getCameraId(in IBinder token);
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/LensFacing.aidl b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/LensFacing.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8568c91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/LensFacing.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.companion.virtualcamera;
+
+/**
+ * Direction that the virtual camera faces relative to the device's screen.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@Backing(type="int")
+enum LensFacing {
+    FRONT = 0,
+    BACK = 1,
+    EXTERNAL = 2,
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/SensorOrientation.aidl b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/SensorOrientation.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef91f00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/SensorOrientation.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.companion.virtualcamera;
+
+/**
+ * Sensor orientation of a virtual camera.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@Backing(type="int")
+enum SensorOrientation {
+    ORIENTATION_0 = 0,
+    ORIENTATION_90 = 90,
+    ORIENTATION_180 = 180,
+    ORIENTATION_270 = 270,
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/SupportedStreamConfiguration.aidl b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/SupportedStreamConfiguration.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f86cbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/SupportedStreamConfiguration.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.companion.virtualcamera;
+
+import android.companion.virtualcamera.Format;
+
+/**
+ * Configuration supported by virtual camera owner.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+parcelable SupportedStreamConfiguration {
+    int width;
+    int height;
+    Format pixelFormat = Format.UNKNOWN;
+    int maxFps;
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraConfiguration.aidl b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraConfiguration.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..887ad26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraConfiguration.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.companion.virtualcamera;
+
+import android.companion.virtualcamera.IVirtualCameraCallback;
+import android.companion.virtualcamera.LensFacing;
+import android.companion.virtualcamera.SensorOrientation;
+import android.companion.virtualcamera.SupportedStreamConfiguration;
+
+/**
+ * Configuration of virtual camera instance.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+parcelable VirtualCameraConfiguration {
+    SupportedStreamConfiguration[] supportedStreamConfigs;
+    IVirtualCameraCallback virtualCameraCallback;
+    SensorOrientation sensorOrientation = SensorOrientation.ORIENTATION_0;
+    LensFacing lensFacing;
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/flags/Android.bp b/services/camera/virtualcamera/flags/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ff67ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/flags/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+soong_config_module_type {
+    name: "virtual_device_build_flags_cc_defaults",
+    module_type: "cc_defaults",
+    config_namespace: "vdm",
+    bool_variables: [
+        "virtual_camera_service_enabled",
+    ],
+    properties: [
+        "cflags",
+    ],
+}
+
+soong_config_bool_variable {
+    name: "virtual_camera_service_enabled",
+}
+
+virtual_device_build_flags_cc_defaults {
+    name: "virtual_device_build_flags_defaults",
+    soong_config_variables: {
+        virtual_camera_service_enabled: {
+            cflags: ["-DVIRTUAL_CAMERA_SERVICE_ENABLED=1"],
+        },
+    },
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libvirtualdevicebuildflags",
+    srcs: [
+        "android_companion_virtualdevice_build_flags.cc",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: ["."],
+    defaults: ["virtual_device_build_flags_defaults"],
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/flags/android_companion_virtualdevice_build_flags.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/flags/android_companion_virtualdevice_build_flags.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5525bc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/flags/android_companion_virtualdevice_build_flags.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualdevice {
+namespace flags {
+
+bool virtual_camera_service_build_flag() {
+#if VIRTUAL_CAMERA_SERVICE_ENABLED
+  return true;
+#else
+  return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+}  // namespace flags
+}  // namespace virtualdevice
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/flags/android_companion_virtualdevice_build_flags.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/flags/android_companion_virtualdevice_build_flags.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..718ce9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/flags/android_companion_virtualdevice_build_flags.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualdevice {
+namespace flags {
+
+// Returns true if the virtual camera service is enabled
+// in the build.
+//
+// TODO(b/309090563) - Deprecate in favor of autogened library to query build
+// flags once available.
+bool virtual_camera_service_build_flag();
+
+}  // namespace flags
+}  // namespace virtualdevice
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/fuzzer/Android.bp b/services/camera/virtualcamera/fuzzer/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71e8f50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/fuzzer/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/******************************************************************************
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ *****************************************************************************/
+ package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "virtual_camera_fuzzer",
+    defaults: [
+        "libvirtualcamera_defaults",
+        "service_fuzzer_defaults",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libvirtualcamera",
+        "libvirtualcamera_utils",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "virtual_camera_fuzzer.cc",
+    ],
+    fuzz_config: {
+        cc: [
+            "if-xr+fuzzer@google.com",
+        ],
+        componentid: 1171888,
+        hotlists: [
+            "5426614",
+        ],
+        description: "The fuzzers target the APIs of virtual_camera binary",
+    },
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/fuzzer/virtual_camera_fuzzer.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/fuzzer/virtual_camera_fuzzer.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebd5e73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/fuzzer/virtual_camera_fuzzer.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/binder_interface_utils.h>
+#include <fuzzbinder/libbinder_ndk_driver.h>
+#include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraProvider.h"
+#include "VirtualCameraService.h"
+
+using android::fuzzService;
+using ::android::companion::virtualcamera::VirtualCameraProvider;
+using ::android::companion::virtualcamera::VirtualCameraService;
+using ndk::SharedRefBase;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraProvider> defaultProvider =
+      SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraProvider>();
+
+  fuzzService(defaultProvider->asBinder().get(), FuzzedDataProvider(data, size));
+
+  const std::string serviceName =
+      std::string(VirtualCameraProvider::descriptor) + "/virtual/0";
+  auto binder = SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraService>(defaultProvider);
+
+  fuzzService(binder->asBinder().get(), FuzzedDataProvider(data, size));
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/main.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/main.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43b0219
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/main.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "VirtualCamera"
+
+#include <android/binder_stability.h>
+
+#include <cstddef>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraProvider.h"
+#include "VirtualCameraService.h"
+#include "android-base/logging.h"
+#include "android/binder_manager.h"
+#include "android/binder_process.h"
+#include "log/log.h"
+
+using ::android::companion::virtualcamera::VirtualCameraProvider;
+using ::android::companion::virtualcamera::VirtualCameraService;
+
+namespace {
+// Default recommended RPC thread count for camera provider implementations
+const int HWBINDER_THREAD_COUNT = 6;
+
+constexpr char kVirtualCameraServiceName[] = "virtual_camera";
+}  // namespace
+
+int main() {
+  ALOGI("CameraProvider: virtual webcam service is starting.");
+
+  ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(HWBINDER_THREAD_COUNT);
+
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraProvider> defaultProvider =
+      ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraProvider>();
+  const std::string serviceName =
+      std::string(VirtualCameraProvider::descriptor) + "/virtual/0";
+
+  auto aidlBinder = defaultProvider->asBinder();
+  AIBinder_forceDowngradeToLocalStability(aidlBinder.get());
+  binder_exception_t ret = AServiceManager_registerLazyService(
+      aidlBinder.get(), serviceName.c_str());
+  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(
+      ret != EX_NONE,
+      "Error while registering virtual camera provider service: %d", ret);
+
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraService> virtualCameraService =
+      ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraService>(defaultProvider);
+  ret = AServiceManager_registerLazyService(
+      virtualCameraService->asBinder().get(), kVirtualCameraServiceName);
+  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(ret != EX_NONE,
+                      "Error while registering virtual camera service: %d", ret);
+
+  ABinderProcess_joinThreadPool();
+  return EXIT_FAILURE;  // should not reach
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/Android.bp b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc46ba0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "virtual_camera_tests",
+    defaults: [
+        "libvirtualcamera_defaults",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libvirtualcamera",
+        "libvirtualcamera_utils",
+        "libgtest",
+        "libgmock",
+    ],
+    srcs: ["EglUtilTest.cc",
+           "VirtualCameraDeviceTest.cc",
+           "VirtualCameraProviderTest.cc",
+           "VirtualCameraRenderThreadTest.cc",
+           "VirtualCameraServiceTest.cc",
+           "VirtualCameraSessionTest.cc"],
+    test_suites: ["device-tests"],
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/EglUtilTest.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/EglUtilTest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..589e312
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/EglUtilTest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include "android/hardware_buffer.h"
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "system/graphics.h"
+#include "ui/GraphicBuffer.h"
+#include "util/EglDisplayContext.h"
+#include "util/EglProgram.h"
+#include "util/EglSurfaceTexture.h"
+#include "util/EglUtil.h"
+#include "utils/Errors.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+namespace {
+
+using ::testing::IsNull;
+
+constexpr int kWidth = 64;
+constexpr int kHeight = 64;
+constexpr char kGlExtYuvTarget[] = "GL_EXT_YUV_target";
+
+TEST(EglDisplayContextTest, SuccessfulInitialization) {
+  EglDisplayContext displayContext;
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(displayContext.isInitialized());
+}
+
+class EglTest : public ::testing::Test {
+public:
+  void SetUp() override {
+      ASSERT_TRUE(mEglDisplayContext.isInitialized());
+      ASSERT_TRUE(mEglDisplayContext.makeCurrent());
+  }
+
+private:
+  EglDisplayContext mEglDisplayContext;
+};
+
+TEST_F(EglTest, EglTestPatternProgramSuccessfulInit) {
+  EglTestPatternProgram eglTestPatternProgram;
+
+  // Verify the shaders compiled and linked successfully.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(eglTestPatternProgram.isInitialized());
+}
+
+TEST_F(EglTest, EglTextureProgramYuvSuccessfulInit) {
+  if (!isGlExtensionSupported(kGlExtYuvTarget)) {
+      GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping test because of missing required GL extension " << kGlExtYuvTarget;
+  }
+
+  EglTextureProgram eglTextureProgram(EglTextureProgram::TextureFormat::YUV);
+
+  // Verify the shaders compiled and linked successfully.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(eglTextureProgram.isInitialized());
+}
+
+TEST_F(EglTest, EglTextureProgramRgbaSuccessfulInit) {
+  if (!isGlExtensionSupported(kGlExtYuvTarget)) {
+      GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping test because of missing required GL extension "
+                   << kGlExtYuvTarget;
+  }
+
+  EglTextureProgram eglTextureProgram(EglTextureProgram::TextureFormat::RGBA);
+
+  // Verify the shaders compiled and linked successfully.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(eglTextureProgram.isInitialized());
+}
+
+TEST_F(EglTest, EglSurfaceCurrentBufferNullAfterInit) {
+  if (!isGlExtensionSupported(kGlExtYuvTarget)) {
+      GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping test because of missing required GL extension " << kGlExtYuvTarget;
+  }
+
+  EglSurfaceTexture surfaceTexture(kWidth, kHeight);
+  surfaceTexture.updateTexture();
+  sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = surfaceTexture.getCurrentBuffer();
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(buffer, IsNull());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraDeviceTest.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraDeviceTest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..027ecb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraDeviceTest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraDevice.h"
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/Format.h"
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/SupportedStreamConfiguration.h"
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraConfiguration.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/CameraMetadata.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamConfiguration.h"
+#include "android/binder_interface_utils.h"
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "log/log_main.h"
+#include "system/camera_metadata.h"
+#include "utils/Errors.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+namespace {
+
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::Format;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::LensFacing;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::SensorOrientation;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::SupportedStreamConfiguration;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::VirtualCameraConfiguration;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamConfiguration;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamType;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat;
+using ::testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray;
+using metadata_stream_t =
+    camera_metadata_enum_android_scaler_available_stream_configurations_t;
+
+constexpr int kCameraId = 42;
+constexpr int kVgaWidth = 640;
+constexpr int kVgaHeight = 480;
+constexpr int kHdWidth = 1280;
+constexpr int kHdHeight = 720;
+constexpr int kMaxFps = 30;
+
+struct AvailableStreamConfiguration {
+  const int width;
+  const int height;
+  const int pixelFormat;
+  const metadata_stream_t streamConfiguration;
+};
+
+bool operator==(const AvailableStreamConfiguration& a,
+                const AvailableStreamConfiguration& b) {
+  return a.width == b.width && a.height == b.height &&
+         a.pixelFormat == b.pixelFormat &&
+         a.streamConfiguration == b.streamConfiguration;
+}
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,
+                         const AvailableStreamConfiguration& config) {
+  os << config.width << "x" << config.height << " (pixfmt "
+     << config.pixelFormat << ", streamConfiguration "
+     << config.streamConfiguration << ")";
+  return os;
+}
+
+std::vector<AvailableStreamConfiguration> getAvailableStreamConfigurations(
+    const CameraMetadata& metadata) {
+  const camera_metadata_t* const raw =
+      reinterpret_cast<const camera_metadata_t*>(metadata.metadata.data());
+  camera_metadata_ro_entry_t entry;
+  if (find_camera_metadata_ro_entry(
+          raw, ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS, &entry) !=
+      NO_ERROR) {
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  std::vector<AvailableStreamConfiguration> res;
+  for (int i = 0; i < entry.count; i += 4) {
+    res.push_back(AvailableStreamConfiguration{
+        .width = entry.data.i32[i + 1],
+        .height = entry.data.i32[i + 2],
+        .pixelFormat = entry.data.i32[i],
+        .streamConfiguration =
+            static_cast<metadata_stream_t>(entry.data.i32[i + 3])});
+  }
+  return res;
+}
+
+struct VirtualCameraConfigTestParam {
+  VirtualCameraConfiguration inputConfig;
+  std::vector<AvailableStreamConfiguration> expectedAvailableStreamConfigs;
+};
+
+class VirtualCameraDeviceTest
+    : public testing::TestWithParam<VirtualCameraConfigTestParam> {};
+
+TEST_P(VirtualCameraDeviceTest, cameraCharacteristicsForInputFormat) {
+  const VirtualCameraConfigTestParam& param = GetParam();
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> camera =
+      ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraDevice>(kCameraId,
+                                                    param.inputConfig);
+
+  CameraMetadata metadata;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(camera->getCameraCharacteristics(&metadata).isOk());
+  EXPECT_THAT(getAvailableStreamConfigurations(metadata),
+              UnorderedElementsAreArray(param.expectedAvailableStreamConfigs));
+
+  // Configuration needs to succeed for every available stream configuration
+  for (const AvailableStreamConfiguration& config :
+       param.expectedAvailableStreamConfigs) {
+    StreamConfiguration configuration{
+        .streams = std::vector<Stream>{Stream{
+            .streamType = StreamType::OUTPUT,
+            .width = config.width,
+            .height = config.height,
+            .format = static_cast<PixelFormat>(config.pixelFormat),
+        }}};
+    bool aidl_ret;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(
+        camera->isStreamCombinationSupported(configuration, &aidl_ret).isOk());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(aidl_ret);
+  }
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+    cameraCharacteristicsForInputFormat, VirtualCameraDeviceTest,
+    testing::Values(
+        VirtualCameraConfigTestParam{
+            .inputConfig =
+                VirtualCameraConfiguration{
+                    .supportedStreamConfigs = {SupportedStreamConfiguration{
+                        .width = kVgaWidth,
+                        .height = kVgaHeight,
+                        .pixelFormat = Format::YUV_420_888,
+                        .maxFps = kMaxFps}},
+                    .virtualCameraCallback = nullptr,
+                    .sensorOrientation = SensorOrientation::ORIENTATION_0,
+                    .lensFacing = LensFacing::FRONT},
+            .expectedAvailableStreamConfigs =
+                {AvailableStreamConfiguration{
+                     .width = kVgaWidth,
+                     .height = kVgaHeight,
+                     .pixelFormat = ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_FORMATS_YCbCr_420_888,
+                     .streamConfiguration =
+                         ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_OUTPUT},
+                 AvailableStreamConfiguration{
+                     .width = kVgaWidth,
+                     .height = kVgaHeight,
+                     .pixelFormat =
+                         ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_FORMATS_IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED,
+                     .streamConfiguration =
+                         ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_OUTPUT},
+                 AvailableStreamConfiguration{
+                     .width = kVgaWidth,
+                     .height = kVgaHeight,
+                     .pixelFormat = ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_FORMATS_BLOB,
+                     .streamConfiguration =
+                         ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_OUTPUT}}},
+        VirtualCameraConfigTestParam{
+            .inputConfig =
+                VirtualCameraConfiguration{
+                    .supportedStreamConfigs =
+                        {SupportedStreamConfiguration{
+                             .width = kVgaWidth,
+                             .height = kVgaHeight,
+                             .pixelFormat = Format::YUV_420_888,
+                             .maxFps = kMaxFps},
+                         SupportedStreamConfiguration{
+                             .width = kHdWidth,
+                             .height = kHdHeight,
+                             .pixelFormat = Format::YUV_420_888,
+                             .maxFps = kMaxFps}},
+                    .virtualCameraCallback = nullptr,
+                    .sensorOrientation = SensorOrientation::ORIENTATION_0,
+                    .lensFacing = LensFacing::BACK},
+            .expectedAvailableStreamConfigs = {
+                AvailableStreamConfiguration{
+                    .width = kVgaWidth,
+                    .height = kVgaHeight,
+                    .pixelFormat = ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_FORMATS_YCbCr_420_888,
+                    .streamConfiguration =
+                        ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_OUTPUT},
+                AvailableStreamConfiguration{
+                    .width = kVgaWidth,
+                    .height = kVgaHeight,
+                    .pixelFormat =
+                        ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_FORMATS_IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED,
+                    .streamConfiguration =
+                        ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_OUTPUT},
+                AvailableStreamConfiguration{
+                    .width = kVgaWidth,
+                    .height = kVgaHeight,
+                    .pixelFormat = ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_FORMATS_BLOB,
+                    .streamConfiguration =
+                        ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_OUTPUT},
+                AvailableStreamConfiguration{
+                    .width = kHdWidth,
+                    .height = kHdHeight,
+                    .pixelFormat = ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_FORMATS_YCbCr_420_888,
+                    .streamConfiguration =
+                        ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_OUTPUT},
+                AvailableStreamConfiguration{
+                    .width = kHdWidth,
+                    .height = kHdHeight,
+                    .pixelFormat =
+                        ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_FORMATS_IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED,
+                    .streamConfiguration =
+                        ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_OUTPUT},
+                AvailableStreamConfiguration{
+                    .width = kHdWidth,
+                    .height = kHdHeight,
+                    .pixelFormat = ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_FORMATS_BLOB,
+                    .streamConfiguration =
+                        ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_OUTPUT}}}));
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraProviderTest.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraProviderTest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab647a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraProviderTest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraProvider.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/CameraDeviceStatus.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/Status.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/TorchModeStatus.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/provider/BnCameraProviderCallback.h"
+#include "android/binder_auto_utils.h"
+#include "android/binder_interface_utils.h"
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "util/Util.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+namespace {
+
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::Format;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::LensFacing;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::SensorOrientation;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::SupportedStreamConfiguration;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::VirtualCameraConfiguration;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::CameraDeviceStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::TorchModeStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::BnCameraProviderCallback;
+using ::testing::_;
+using ::testing::ElementsAre;
+using ::testing::Eq;
+using ::testing::IsEmpty;
+using ::testing::IsNull;
+using ::testing::MatchesRegex;
+using ::testing::Not;
+using ::testing::Return;
+
+constexpr int kVgaWidth = 640;
+constexpr int kVgaHeight = 480;
+constexpr int kMaxFps = 30;
+constexpr char kVirtualCameraNameRegex[] =
+    "device@[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+/virtual/[0-9]+";
+
+class MockCameraProviderCallback : public BnCameraProviderCallback {
+ public:
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, cameraDeviceStatusChange,
+              (const std::string&, CameraDeviceStatus), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, torchModeStatusChange,
+              (const std::string&, TorchModeStatus), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, physicalCameraDeviceStatusChange,
+              (const std::string&, const std::string&, CameraDeviceStatus),
+              (override));
+};
+
+class VirtualCameraProviderTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ public:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    mCameraProvider = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraProvider>();
+    mMockCameraProviderCallback =
+        ndk::SharedRefBase::make<MockCameraProviderCallback>();
+    ON_CALL(*mMockCameraProviderCallback, cameraDeviceStatusChange)
+        .WillByDefault([](const std::string&, CameraDeviceStatus) {
+          return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        });
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraProvider> mCameraProvider;
+  std::shared_ptr<MockCameraProviderCallback> mMockCameraProviderCallback =
+      ndk::SharedRefBase::make<MockCameraProviderCallback>();
+  VirtualCameraConfiguration mInputConfig = VirtualCameraConfiguration{
+      .supportedStreamConfigs = {SupportedStreamConfiguration{
+          .width = kVgaWidth,
+          .height = kVgaHeight,
+          .pixelFormat = Format::YUV_420_888,
+          .maxFps = kMaxFps}},
+      .virtualCameraCallback = nullptr,
+      .sensorOrientation = SensorOrientation::ORIENTATION_0,
+      .lensFacing = LensFacing::FRONT};
+};
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraProviderTest, SetNullCameraCallbackFails) {
+  // Attempting to set callback to nullptr should fail.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(mCameraProvider->setCallback(nullptr).isOk());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraProviderTest, NoCamerasInitially) {
+  std::vector<std::string> cameras;
+
+  // Initially, the camera provider should return empty list
+  // of cameras.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->getCameraIdList(&cameras).isOk());
+  EXPECT_THAT(cameras, IsEmpty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraProviderTest, CreateCamera) {
+  // When new camera is created, we expect
+  // cameraDeviceStatusChange to be called exactly once with
+  // PRESENT status.
+  EXPECT_CALL(*mMockCameraProviderCallback,
+              cameraDeviceStatusChange(_, CameraDeviceStatus::PRESENT))
+      .WillOnce(Return(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->setCallback(mMockCameraProviderCallback).isOk());
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> camera =
+      mCameraProvider->createCamera(mInputConfig);
+  EXPECT_THAT(camera, Not(IsNull()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(camera->getCameraName(), MatchesRegex(kVirtualCameraNameRegex));
+
+  // Created camera should be in the list of cameras.
+  std::vector<std::string> cameraIds;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->getCameraIdList(&cameraIds).isOk());
+  EXPECT_THAT(cameraIds, ElementsAre(camera->getCameraName()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraProviderTest, CreateCameraBeforeCallbackIsSet) {
+  // We expect cameraDeviceStatusChange to be invoked even when the
+  // setCallback configures the callback after camera is already created.
+  EXPECT_CALL(*mMockCameraProviderCallback,
+              cameraDeviceStatusChange(_, CameraDeviceStatus::PRESENT))
+      .WillOnce(Return(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()));
+
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> camera =
+      mCameraProvider->createCamera(mInputConfig);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->setCallback(mMockCameraProviderCallback).isOk());
+
+  // Created camera should be in the list of cameras.
+  std::vector<std::string> cameraIds;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->getCameraIdList(&cameraIds).isOk());
+  EXPECT_THAT(cameraIds, ElementsAre(camera->getCameraName()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraProviderTest, RemoveCamera) {
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->setCallback(mMockCameraProviderCallback).isOk());
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> camera =
+      mCameraProvider->createCamera(mInputConfig);
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(*mMockCameraProviderCallback,
+              cameraDeviceStatusChange(Eq(camera->getCameraName()),
+                                       CameraDeviceStatus::NOT_PRESENT))
+      .WillOnce(Return(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->removeCamera(camera->getCameraName()));
+
+  // There are no cameras present after only camera is removed.
+  std::vector<std::string> cameraIds;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->getCameraIdList(&cameraIds).isOk());
+  EXPECT_THAT(cameraIds, IsEmpty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraProviderTest, RemoveNonExistingCamera) {
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->setCallback(mMockCameraProviderCallback).isOk());
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> camera =
+      mCameraProvider->createCamera(mInputConfig);
+
+  // Removing non-existing camera should fail.
+  const std::string cameraName = "DefinitelyNoTCamera";
+  EXPECT_FALSE(mCameraProvider->removeCamera(cameraName));
+
+  // Camera should be still present in the camera list.
+  std::vector<std::string> cameraIds;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->getCameraIdList(&cameraIds).isOk());
+  EXPECT_THAT(cameraIds, ElementsAre(camera->getCameraName()));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraRenderThreadTest.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraRenderThreadTest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f899b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraRenderThreadTest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraRenderThread.h"
+#include "VirtualCameraSessionContext.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/CameraDeviceStatus.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/TorchModeStatus.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BnCameraDeviceCallback.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BufferRequest.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BufferRequestStatus.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BufferStatus.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/CaptureResult.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/NotifyMsg.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamBuffer.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamBufferRet.h"
+#include "android/binder_auto_utils.h"
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+namespace {
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::CameraDeviceStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::TorchModeStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BnCameraDeviceCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferRequest;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferRequestStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CaptureResult;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ErrorCode;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ErrorMsg;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::NotifyMsg;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamBuffer;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamBufferRet;
+using ::testing::AllOf;
+using ::testing::ElementsAre;
+using ::testing::Eq;
+using ::testing::Field;
+using ::testing::Matcher;
+using ::testing::Property;
+using ::testing::Return;
+using ::testing::SizeIs;
+
+constexpr int kInputWidth = 640;
+constexpr int kInputHeight = 480;
+
+Matcher<StreamBuffer> IsStreamBufferWithStatus(const int streamId,
+                                               const int bufferId,
+                                               const BufferStatus status) {
+  return AllOf(Field(&StreamBuffer::streamId, Eq(streamId)),
+               Field(&StreamBuffer::bufferId, Eq(bufferId)),
+               Field(&StreamBuffer::status, Eq(status)));
+}
+
+Matcher<NotifyMsg> IsRequestErrorNotifyMsg(const int frameId) {
+  return AllOf(Property(&NotifyMsg::getTag, Eq(NotifyMsg::error)),
+               Property(&NotifyMsg::get<NotifyMsg::error>,
+                        Field(&ErrorMsg::frameNumber, Eq(frameId))),
+               Property(&NotifyMsg::get<NotifyMsg::error>,
+                        Field(&ErrorMsg::errorStreamId, Eq(-1))),
+               Property(&NotifyMsg::get<NotifyMsg::error>,
+                        Field(&ErrorMsg::errorCode, Eq(ErrorCode::ERROR_REQUEST))));
+}
+
+class MockCameraDeviceCallback : public BnCameraDeviceCallback {
+ public:
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, notify, (const std::vector<NotifyMsg>&),
+              (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, processCaptureResult,
+              (const std::vector<CaptureResult>&), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, requestStreamBuffers,
+              (const std::vector<BufferRequest>&, std::vector<StreamBufferRet>*,
+               BufferRequestStatus*),
+              (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, returnStreamBuffers,
+              (const std::vector<StreamBuffer>&), (override));
+};
+
+class VirtualCameraRenderThreadTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ public:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    mSessionContext = std::make_unique<VirtualCameraSessionContext>();
+    mMockCameraDeviceCallback =
+        ndk::SharedRefBase::make<MockCameraDeviceCallback>();
+    mRenderThread = std::make_unique<VirtualCameraRenderThread>(
+        *mSessionContext, kInputWidth, kInputHeight, mMockCameraDeviceCallback);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  std::unique_ptr<VirtualCameraSessionContext> mSessionContext;
+  std::unique_ptr<VirtualCameraRenderThread> mRenderThread;
+  std::shared_ptr<MockCameraDeviceCallback> mMockCameraDeviceCallback;
+};
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraRenderThreadTest, FlushReturnsErrorForInFlightRequests) {
+  const int frameNumber = 42;
+  const int firstStreamId = 1;
+  const int firstStreamBufferId = 1234;
+  const int secondStreamId = 7;
+  const int secondStreamBufferId = 4321;
+
+  // Notify should be called with the error set to corresponding frame.
+  EXPECT_CALL(*mMockCameraDeviceCallback,
+              notify(ElementsAre(IsRequestErrorNotifyMsg(frameNumber))))
+      .WillOnce(Return(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()));
+
+  // Process capture result should be called with all buffers in error state.
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      *mMockCameraDeviceCallback,
+      processCaptureResult(ElementsAre(AllOf(
+          Field(&CaptureResult::frameNumber, frameNumber),
+          Field(&CaptureResult::outputBuffers,
+                testing::UnorderedElementsAre(
+                    IsStreamBufferWithStatus(firstStreamId, firstStreamBufferId,
+                                             BufferStatus::ERROR),
+                    IsStreamBufferWithStatus(secondStreamId, secondStreamBufferId,
+                                             BufferStatus::ERROR)))))))
+      .WillOnce([]() { return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok(); });
+
+  mRenderThread->enqueueTask(std::make_unique<ProcessCaptureRequestTask>(
+      frameNumber,
+      std::vector<CaptureRequestBuffer>{
+          CaptureRequestBuffer(firstStreamId, firstStreamBufferId),
+          CaptureRequestBuffer(secondStreamId, secondStreamBufferId)}));
+
+  mRenderThread->flush();
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraServiceTest.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraServiceTest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4d00a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraServiceTest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraService.h"
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/BnVirtualCameraCallback.h"
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraConfiguration.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/provider/BnCameraProviderCallback.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/PixelFormat.h"
+#include "android/binder_auto_utils.h"
+#include "android/binder_interface_utils.h"
+#include "android/binder_libbinder.h"
+#include "android/binder_status.h"
+#include "binder/Binder.h"
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "util/Permissions.h"
+#include "utils/Errors.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+namespace {
+
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::BnVirtualCameraCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::Format;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::LensFacing;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::SensorOrientation;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::VirtualCameraConfiguration;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::CameraDeviceStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::TorchModeStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::BnCameraProviderCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat;
+using ::aidl::android::view::Surface;
+using ::testing::_;
+using ::testing::Eq;
+using ::testing::Ge;
+using ::testing::IsEmpty;
+using ::testing::IsNull;
+using ::testing::Not;
+using ::testing::Return;
+using ::testing::SizeIs;
+
+constexpr int kVgaWidth = 640;
+constexpr int kVgaHeight = 480;
+constexpr int kMaxFps = 30;
+constexpr SensorOrientation kSensorOrientation =
+    SensorOrientation::ORIENTATION_0;
+constexpr LensFacing kLensFacing = LensFacing::FRONT;
+constexpr char kCreateVirtualDevicePermissions[] =
+    "android.permission.CREATE_VIRTUAL_DEVICE";
+
+const VirtualCameraConfiguration kEmptyVirtualCameraConfiguration;
+
+VirtualCameraConfiguration createConfiguration(const int width, const int height,
+                                               const Format format,
+                                               const int maxFps) {
+  VirtualCameraConfiguration configuration;
+  configuration.supportedStreamConfigs.push_back({.width = width,
+                                                  .height = height,
+                                                  .pixelFormat = format,
+                                                  .maxFps = maxFps});
+  configuration.sensorOrientation = kSensorOrientation;
+  configuration.lensFacing = kLensFacing;
+  return configuration;
+}
+
+class MockCameraProviderCallback : public BnCameraProviderCallback {
+ public:
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, cameraDeviceStatusChange,
+              (const std::string&, CameraDeviceStatus), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, torchModeStatusChange,
+              (const std::string&, TorchModeStatus), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, physicalCameraDeviceStatusChange,
+              (const std::string&, const std::string&, CameraDeviceStatus),
+              (override));
+};
+
+class MockPermissionsProxy : public PermissionsProxy {
+ public:
+  MOCK_METHOD(bool, checkCallingPermission, (const std::string&),
+              (const override));
+};
+
+class VirtualCameraServiceTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ public:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    mCameraProvider = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraProvider>();
+    mMockCameraProviderCallback =
+        ndk::SharedRefBase::make<MockCameraProviderCallback>();
+    ON_CALL(*mMockCameraProviderCallback, cameraDeviceStatusChange)
+        .WillByDefault([](const std::string&, CameraDeviceStatus) {
+          return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        });
+    mCameraProvider->setCallback(mMockCameraProviderCallback);
+    mCameraService = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraService>(
+        mCameraProvider, mMockPermissionsProxy);
+
+    ON_CALL(mMockPermissionsProxy, checkCallingPermission)
+        .WillByDefault(Return(true));
+
+    mDevNullFd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
+    ASSERT_THAT(mDevNullFd, Ge(0));
+  }
+
+  void createCamera() {
+    mOwnerToken = sp<BBinder>::make();
+    mNdkOwnerToken.set(AIBinder_fromPlatformBinder(mOwnerToken));
+    bool aidlRet;
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraService
+                    ->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken,
+                                     mVgaYUV420OnlyConfiguration, &aidlRet)
+                    .isOk());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(aidlRet);
+  }
+
+  void TearDown() override {
+    close(mDevNullFd);
+  }
+
+  void execute_shell_command(const std::string cmd) {
+    std::array<const char*, 1> args{cmd.data()};
+    ASSERT_THAT(
+        mCameraService->handleShellCommand(mDevNullFd, mDevNullFd, mDevNullFd,
+                                           args.data(), args.size()),
+        Eq(NO_ERROR));
+  }
+
+  std::vector<std::string> getCameraIds() {
+    std::vector<std::string> cameraIds;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->getCameraIdList(&cameraIds).isOk());
+    return cameraIds;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraService> mCameraService;
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraProvider> mCameraProvider;
+  std::shared_ptr<MockCameraProviderCallback> mMockCameraProviderCallback =
+      ndk::SharedRefBase::make<MockCameraProviderCallback>();
+  MockPermissionsProxy mMockPermissionsProxy;
+
+  sp<BBinder> mOwnerToken;
+  ndk::SpAIBinder mNdkOwnerToken;
+
+  int mDevNullFd;
+
+  VirtualCameraConfiguration mVgaYUV420OnlyConfiguration =
+      createConfiguration(kVgaWidth, kVgaHeight, Format::YUV_420_888, kMaxFps);
+};
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, RegisterCameraWithYuvInputSucceeds) {
+  sp<BBinder> token = sp<BBinder>::make();
+  ndk::SpAIBinder ndkToken(AIBinder_fromPlatformBinder(token));
+  bool aidlRet;
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      mCameraService
+          ->registerCamera(ndkToken, mVgaYUV420OnlyConfiguration, &aidlRet)
+          .isOk());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(aidlRet);
+  EXPECT_THAT(getCameraIds(), SizeIs(1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, RegisterCameraWithRgbaInputSucceeds) {
+  sp<BBinder> token = sp<BBinder>::make();
+  ndk::SpAIBinder ndkToken(AIBinder_fromPlatformBinder(token));
+  bool aidlRet;
+
+  VirtualCameraConfiguration config =
+      createConfiguration(kVgaWidth, kVgaHeight, Format::RGBA_8888, kMaxFps);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraService->registerCamera(ndkToken, config, &aidlRet).isOk());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(aidlRet);
+  EXPECT_THAT(getCameraIds(), SizeIs(1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, RegisterCameraTwiceSecondReturnsFalse) {
+  createCamera();
+  bool aidlRet;
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraService
+                  ->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken, mVgaYUV420OnlyConfiguration,
+                                   &aidlRet)
+                  .isOk());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(aidlRet);
+  EXPECT_THAT(getCameraIds(), SizeIs(1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, EmptyConfigurationFails) {
+  bool aidlRet;
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(mCameraService
+                   ->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken,
+                                    kEmptyVirtualCameraConfiguration, &aidlRet)
+                   .isOk());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(aidlRet);
+  EXPECT_THAT(getCameraIds(), IsEmpty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, ConfigurationWithUnsupportedPixelFormatFails) {
+  bool aidlRet;
+
+  VirtualCameraConfiguration config =
+      createConfiguration(kVgaWidth, kVgaHeight, Format::UNKNOWN, kMaxFps);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(
+      mCameraService->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken, config, &aidlRet).isOk());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(aidlRet);
+  EXPECT_THAT(getCameraIds(), IsEmpty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, ConfigurationWithTooHighResFails) {
+  bool aidlRet;
+  VirtualCameraConfiguration config =
+      createConfiguration(1000000, 1000000, Format::YUV_420_888, kMaxFps);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(
+      mCameraService->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken, config, &aidlRet).isOk());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(aidlRet);
+  EXPECT_THAT(getCameraIds(), IsEmpty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, ConfigurationWithUnalignedResolutionFails) {
+  bool aidlRet;
+  VirtualCameraConfiguration config =
+      createConfiguration(641, 481, Format::YUV_420_888, kMaxFps);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(
+      mCameraService->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken, config, &aidlRet).isOk());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(aidlRet);
+  EXPECT_THAT(getCameraIds(), IsEmpty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, ConfigurationWithNegativeResolutionFails) {
+  bool aidlRet;
+  VirtualCameraConfiguration config =
+      createConfiguration(-1, kVgaHeight, Format::YUV_420_888, kMaxFps);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(
+      mCameraService->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken, config, &aidlRet).isOk());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(aidlRet);
+  EXPECT_THAT(getCameraIds(), IsEmpty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, ConfigurationWithTooLowMaxFpsFails) {
+  bool aidlRet;
+  VirtualCameraConfiguration config =
+      createConfiguration(kVgaWidth, kVgaHeight, Format::YUV_420_888, 0);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(
+      mCameraService->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken, config, &aidlRet).isOk());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(aidlRet);
+  EXPECT_THAT(getCameraIds(), IsEmpty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, ConfigurationWithTooHighMaxFpsFails) {
+  bool aidlRet;
+  VirtualCameraConfiguration config =
+      createConfiguration(kVgaWidth, kVgaHeight, Format::YUV_420_888, 90);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(
+      mCameraService->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken, config, &aidlRet).isOk());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(aidlRet);
+  EXPECT_THAT(getCameraIds(), IsEmpty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, GetCamera) {
+  createCamera();
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(mCameraService->getCamera(mNdkOwnerToken), Not(IsNull()));
+
+  sp<BBinder> otherToken = sp<BBinder>::make();
+  EXPECT_THAT(mCameraService->getCamera(
+                  ndk::SpAIBinder(AIBinder_fromPlatformBinder(otherToken))),
+              IsNull());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, UnregisterCamera) {
+  createCamera();
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(mCameraService->getCamera(mNdkOwnerToken), Not(IsNull()));
+
+  mCameraService->unregisterCamera(mNdkOwnerToken);
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(mCameraService->getCamera(mNdkOwnerToken), IsNull());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, RegisterCameraWithoutPermissionFails) {
+  bool aidlRet;
+  EXPECT_CALL(mMockPermissionsProxy,
+              checkCallingPermission(kCreateVirtualDevicePermissions))
+      .WillOnce(Return(false));
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(mCameraService
+                  ->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken, mVgaYUV420OnlyConfiguration,
+                                   &aidlRet)
+                  .getExceptionCode(),
+              Eq(EX_SECURITY));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, UnregisterCameraWithoutPermissionFails) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(mMockPermissionsProxy,
+              checkCallingPermission(kCreateVirtualDevicePermissions))
+      .WillOnce(Return(false));
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      mCameraService->unregisterCamera(mNdkOwnerToken).getExceptionCode(),
+      Eq(EX_SECURITY));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, GetIdWithoutPermissionFails) {
+  int32_t aidlRet;
+  EXPECT_CALL(mMockPermissionsProxy,
+              checkCallingPermission(kCreateVirtualDevicePermissions))
+      .WillOnce(Return(false));
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      mCameraService->getCameraId(mNdkOwnerToken, &aidlRet).getExceptionCode(),
+      Eq(EX_SECURITY));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, UnregisterCameraWithUnknownToken) {
+  createCamera();
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(mCameraService->getCamera(mNdkOwnerToken), Not(IsNull()));
+
+  auto otherToken = sp<BBinder>::make();
+  ndk::SpAIBinder ndkOtherToken(AIBinder_fromPlatformBinder(otherToken));
+  mCameraService->unregisterCamera(ndkOtherToken);
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(mCameraService->getCamera(mNdkOwnerToken), Not(IsNull()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, ShellCmdWithNullArgs) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(mCameraService->handleShellCommand(
+                /*in=*/mDevNullFd, /*out=*/mDevNullFd, /*err=*/mDevNullFd,
+                /*args=*/nullptr, /*numArgs=*/1),
+            STATUS_BAD_VALUE);
+
+  std::array<const char*, 1> args{nullptr};
+  EXPECT_EQ(mCameraService->handleShellCommand(
+                /*in=*/mDevNullFd, /*out=*/mDevNullFd, /*err=*/mDevNullFd,
+                args.data(), /*numArgs=*/1),
+            STATUS_BAD_VALUE);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, ShellCmdWithNoArgs) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(mCameraService->handleShellCommand(
+                /*in=*/mDevNullFd, /*out=*/mDevNullFd, /*err=*/mDevNullFd,
+                /*args=*/nullptr, /*numArgs=*/0),
+            STATUS_OK);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, TestCameraShellCmd) {
+  execute_shell_command("enable_test_camera");
+
+  std::vector<std::string> cameraIdsAfterEnable = getCameraIds();
+  EXPECT_THAT(cameraIdsAfterEnable, SizeIs(1));
+
+  execute_shell_command("disable_test_camera");
+
+  std::vector<std::string> cameraIdsAfterDisable = getCameraIds();
+  EXPECT_THAT(cameraIdsAfterDisable, IsEmpty());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraSessionTest.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraSessionTest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..446c679
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraSessionTest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraDevice.h"
+#include "VirtualCameraSession.h"
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/BnVirtualCameraCallback.h"
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/SupportedStreamConfiguration.h"
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraConfiguration.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/Status.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BnCameraDeviceCallback.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamConfiguration.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/PixelFormat.h"
+#include "android/binder_auto_utils.h"
+#include "android/binder_interface_utils.h"
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "util/MetadataBuilder.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+namespace {
+
+constexpr int kVgaWidth = 640;
+constexpr int kVgaHeight = 480;
+constexpr int kSvgaWidth = 800;
+constexpr int kSvgaHeight = 600;
+constexpr int kMaxFps = 30;
+constexpr int kStreamId = 0;
+constexpr int kSecondStreamId = 1;
+constexpr int kCameraId = 42;
+
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::BnVirtualCameraCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::Format;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::LensFacing;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::SensorOrientation;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::SupportedStreamConfiguration;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::VirtualCameraConfiguration;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BnCameraDeviceCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferRequest;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferRequestStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CaptureRequest;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CaptureResult;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::HalStream;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::NotifyMsg;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamBuffer;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamBufferRet;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamConfiguration;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat;
+using ::aidl::android::view::Surface;
+using ::testing::_;
+using ::testing::ElementsAre;
+using ::testing::Eq;
+using ::testing::Return;
+using ::testing::SizeIs;
+
+Stream createStream(int streamId, int width, int height, PixelFormat format) {
+  Stream s;
+  s.id = streamId;
+  s.width = width;
+  s.height = height;
+  s.format = format;
+  return s;
+}
+
+class MockCameraDeviceCallback : public BnCameraDeviceCallback {
+ public:
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, notify, (const std::vector<NotifyMsg>&),
+              (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, processCaptureResult,
+              (const std::vector<CaptureResult>&), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, requestStreamBuffers,
+              (const std::vector<BufferRequest>&, std::vector<StreamBufferRet>*,
+               BufferRequestStatus*),
+              (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, returnStreamBuffers,
+              (const std::vector<StreamBuffer>&), (override));
+};
+
+class MockVirtualCameraCallback : public BnVirtualCameraCallback {
+ public:
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, onStreamConfigured,
+              (int, const Surface&, int32_t, int32_t, Format), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, onProcessCaptureRequest, (int, int),
+              (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, onStreamClosed, (int), (override));
+};
+
+class VirtualCameraSessionTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ public:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    mMockCameraDeviceCallback =
+        ndk::SharedRefBase::make<MockCameraDeviceCallback>();
+    mMockVirtualCameraClientCallback =
+        ndk::SharedRefBase::make<MockVirtualCameraCallback>();
+    mVirtualCameraDevice = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraDevice>(
+        kCameraId,
+        VirtualCameraConfiguration{
+            .supportedStreamConfigs = {SupportedStreamConfiguration{
+                                           .width = kVgaWidth,
+                                           .height = kVgaHeight,
+                                           .pixelFormat = Format::YUV_420_888,
+                                           .maxFps = kMaxFps},
+                                       SupportedStreamConfiguration{
+                                           .width = kSvgaWidth,
+                                           .height = kSvgaHeight,
+                                           .pixelFormat = Format::YUV_420_888,
+                                           .maxFps = kMaxFps}},
+            .virtualCameraCallback = nullptr,
+            .sensorOrientation = SensorOrientation::ORIENTATION_0,
+            .lensFacing = LensFacing::FRONT});
+    mVirtualCameraSession = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraSession>(
+        mVirtualCameraDevice, mMockCameraDeviceCallback,
+        mMockVirtualCameraClientCallback);
+
+    // Explicitly defining default actions below to prevent gmock from
+    // default-constructing ndk::ScopedAStatus, because default-constructed
+    // status wraps nullptr AStatus and causes crash when attempting to print
+    // it in gtest report.
+    ON_CALL(*mMockCameraDeviceCallback, notify)
+        .WillByDefault(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok);
+    ON_CALL(*mMockCameraDeviceCallback, processCaptureResult)
+        .WillByDefault(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok);
+    ON_CALL(*mMockCameraDeviceCallback, requestStreamBuffers)
+        .WillByDefault(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok);
+    ON_CALL(*mMockCameraDeviceCallback, returnStreamBuffers)
+        .WillByDefault(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok);
+
+    ON_CALL(*mMockVirtualCameraClientCallback, onStreamConfigured)
+        .WillByDefault(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok);
+    ON_CALL(*mMockVirtualCameraClientCallback, onProcessCaptureRequest)
+        .WillByDefault(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok);
+    ON_CALL(*mMockVirtualCameraClientCallback, onStreamClosed)
+        .WillByDefault(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  std::shared_ptr<MockCameraDeviceCallback> mMockCameraDeviceCallback;
+  std::shared_ptr<MockVirtualCameraCallback> mMockVirtualCameraClientCallback;
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> mVirtualCameraDevice;
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraSession> mVirtualCameraSession;
+};
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraSessionTest, ConfigureTriggersClientConfigureCallback) {
+  PixelFormat format = PixelFormat::YCBCR_420_888;
+  StreamConfiguration streamConfiguration;
+  streamConfiguration.streams = {
+      createStream(kStreamId, kVgaWidth, kVgaHeight, format),
+      createStream(kSecondStreamId, kSvgaWidth, kSvgaHeight, format)};
+  std::vector<HalStream> halStreams;
+
+  // Expect highest resolution to be picked for the client input.
+  EXPECT_CALL(*mMockVirtualCameraClientCallback,
+              onStreamConfigured(kStreamId, _, kSvgaWidth, kSvgaHeight,
+                                 Format::YUV_420_888));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      mVirtualCameraSession->configureStreams(streamConfiguration, &halStreams)
+          .isOk());
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(halStreams, SizeIs(streamConfiguration.streams.size()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(mVirtualCameraSession->getStreamIds(),
+              ElementsAre(kStreamId, kSecondStreamId));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraSessionTest, SecondConfigureDropsUnreferencedStreams) {
+  PixelFormat format = PixelFormat::YCBCR_420_888;
+  StreamConfiguration streamConfiguration;
+  std::vector<HalStream> halStreams;
+
+  streamConfiguration.streams = {createStream(0, kVgaWidth, kVgaHeight, format),
+                                 createStream(1, kVgaWidth, kVgaHeight, format),
+                                 createStream(2, kVgaWidth, kVgaHeight, format)};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      mVirtualCameraSession->configureStreams(streamConfiguration, &halStreams)
+          .isOk());
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(mVirtualCameraSession->getStreamIds(), ElementsAre(0, 1, 2));
+
+  streamConfiguration.streams = {createStream(0, kVgaWidth, kVgaHeight, format),
+                                 createStream(2, kVgaWidth, kVgaHeight, format),
+                                 createStream(3, kVgaWidth, kVgaHeight, format)};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      mVirtualCameraSession->configureStreams(streamConfiguration, &halStreams)
+          .isOk());
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(mVirtualCameraSession->getStreamIds(), ElementsAre(0, 2, 3));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraSessionTest, CloseTriggersClientTerminateCallback) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(*mMockVirtualCameraClientCallback, onStreamClosed(kStreamId))
+      .WillOnce(Return(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mVirtualCameraSession->close().isOk());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraSessionTest, FlushBeforeConfigure) {
+  // Flush request coming before the configure request finished
+  // (so potentially the thread is not yet running) should be
+  // gracefully handled.
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(mVirtualCameraSession->flush().isOk());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraSessionTest, onProcessCaptureRequestTriggersClientCallback) {
+  StreamConfiguration streamConfiguration;
+  streamConfiguration.streams = {createStream(kStreamId, kVgaWidth, kVgaHeight,
+                                              PixelFormat::YCBCR_420_888)};
+  std::vector<CaptureRequest> requests(1);
+  requests[0].frameNumber = 42;
+  requests[0].settings = *(
+      MetadataBuilder().setControlAfMode(ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_MODE_AUTO).build());
+
+  std::vector<HalStream> halStreams;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      mVirtualCameraSession->configureStreams(streamConfiguration, &halStreams)
+          .isOk());
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(*mMockVirtualCameraClientCallback,
+              onProcessCaptureRequest(kStreamId, requests[0].frameNumber))
+      .WillOnce(Return(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()));
+  int32_t aidlReturn = 0;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mVirtualCameraSession
+                  ->processCaptureRequest(requests, /*in_cachesToRemove=*/{},
+                                          &aidlReturn)
+                  .isOk());
+  EXPECT_THAT(aidlReturn, Eq(requests.size()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraSessionTest, configureAfterCameraRelease) {
+  StreamConfiguration streamConfiguration;
+  streamConfiguration.streams = {createStream(kStreamId, kVgaWidth, kVgaHeight,
+                                              PixelFormat::YCBCR_420_888)};
+  std::vector<HalStream> halStreams;
+
+  // Release virtual camera.
+  mVirtualCameraDevice.reset();
+
+  // Expect configuration attempt returns CAMERA_DISCONNECTED service specific code.
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      mVirtualCameraSession->configureStreams(streamConfiguration, &halStreams)
+          .getServiceSpecificError(),
+      Eq(static_cast<int32_t>(Status::CAMERA_DISCONNECTED)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraSessionTest, ConfigureWithEmptyStreams) {
+  StreamConfiguration streamConfiguration;
+  std::vector<HalStream> halStreams;
+
+  // Expect configuration attempt returns CAMERA_DISCONNECTED service specific code.
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      mVirtualCameraSession->configureStreams(streamConfiguration, &halStreams)
+          .getServiceSpecificError(),
+      Eq(static_cast<int32_t>(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT)));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglDisplayContext.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglDisplayContext.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d343a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglDisplayContext.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "EglDisplayContext"
+#define EGL_EGLEXT_PROTOTYPES
+#define GL_GLEXT_PROTOTYPES
+
+#include "EglDisplayContext.h"
+
+#include "EGL/egl.h"
+#include "EglDisplayContext.h"
+#include "EglFramebuffer.h"
+#include "log/log.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+EglDisplayContext::EglDisplayContext()
+    : mEglDisplay(EGL_NO_DISPLAY),
+      mEglContext(EGL_NO_CONTEXT),
+      mEglConfig(nullptr) {
+  EGLBoolean result;
+
+  mEglDisplay = eglGetDisplay(EGL_DEFAULT_DISPLAY);
+  if (mEglDisplay == EGL_NO_DISPLAY) {
+    ALOGE("eglGetDisplay failed: %#x", eglGetError());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  EGLint majorVersion, minorVersion;
+  result = eglInitialize(mEglDisplay, &majorVersion, &minorVersion);
+  if (result != EGL_TRUE) {
+    ALOGE("eglInitialize failed: %#x", eglGetError());
+    return;
+  }
+  ALOGV("Initialized EGL v%d.%d", majorVersion, minorVersion);
+
+  EGLint numConfigs = 0;
+  EGLint configAttribs[] = {
+      EGL_SURFACE_TYPE, EGL_PBUFFER_BIT, EGL_RENDERABLE_TYPE,
+      EGL_OPENGL_ES2_BIT, EGL_RED_SIZE, 8, EGL_GREEN_SIZE, 8, EGL_BLUE_SIZE, 8,
+      // no alpha
+      EGL_NONE};
+
+  result =
+      eglChooseConfig(mEglDisplay, configAttribs, &mEglConfig, 1, &numConfigs);
+  if (result != EGL_TRUE) {
+    ALOGE("eglChooseConfig error: %#x", eglGetError());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  EGLint contextAttribs[] = {EGL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION_KHR, 3, EGL_NONE};
+  mEglContext =
+      eglCreateContext(mEglDisplay, mEglConfig, EGL_NO_CONTEXT, contextAttribs);
+  if (mEglContext == EGL_NO_CONTEXT) {
+    ALOGE("eglCreateContext error: %#x", eglGetError());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (!makeCurrent()) {
+    ALOGE(
+        "Failed to set newly initialized EGLContext and EGLDisplay connection "
+        "as current.");
+  } else {
+    ALOGV("EGL successfully initialized.");
+  }
+}
+
+EglDisplayContext::~EglDisplayContext() {
+  if (mEglDisplay != EGL_NO_DISPLAY) {
+    eglTerminate(mEglDisplay);
+  }
+  if (mEglContext != EGL_NO_CONTEXT) {
+    eglDestroyContext(mEglDisplay, mEglContext);
+  }
+  eglReleaseThread();
+}
+
+EGLDisplay EglDisplayContext::getEglDisplay() const {
+  return mEglDisplay;
+}
+
+bool EglDisplayContext::isInitialized() const {
+  return mEglContext != EGL_NO_CONTEXT && mEglDisplay != EGL_NO_DISPLAY;
+}
+
+bool EglDisplayContext::makeCurrent() {
+  if (!eglMakeCurrent(mEglDisplay, EGL_NO_SURFACE, EGL_NO_SURFACE, mEglContext)) {
+    ALOGE("eglMakeCurrent failed: %#x", eglGetError());
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglDisplayContext.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglDisplayContext.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..402ca3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglDisplayContext.h
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLDISPLAYCONTEXT_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLDISPLAYCONTEXT_H
+
+#include "EGL/egl.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Encapsulated EGLDisplay & EGLContext.
+//
+// Upon construction, this object will create and configure new
+// EGLDisplay & EGLContext and will destroy them once it goes
+// out of scope.
+class EglDisplayContext {
+ public:
+  EglDisplayContext();
+  ~EglDisplayContext();
+
+  // Sets EGLDisplay & EGLContext for current thread.
+  //
+  // Returns true on success, false otherwise.
+  bool makeCurrent();
+
+  EGLDisplay getEglDisplay() const;
+
+  // Returns true if this instance encapsulates successfully initialized
+  // EGLDisplay & EGLContext.
+  bool isInitialized() const;
+
+ private:
+  EGLDisplay mEglDisplay;
+  EGLContext mEglContext;
+  EGLConfig mEglConfig;
+};
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLDISPLAYCONTEXT_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglFramebuffer.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglFramebuffer.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57b94d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglFramebuffer.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "EglFramebuffer"
+#include "EglFramebuffer.h"
+
+#include "EGL/eglext.h"
+#include "EglUtil.h"
+#include "GLES/gl.h"
+#include "GLES2/gl2.h"
+#include "GLES2/gl2ext.h"
+#include "android/hardware_buffer.h"
+#include "log/log.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+EglFrameBuffer::EglFrameBuffer(EGLDisplay display,
+                               std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> hwBuffer)
+    : mHardwareBuffer(hwBuffer), mEglDisplay(display) {
+  if (hwBuffer == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("Cannot construct EglFramebuffer from null hwBuffer");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  AHardwareBuffer_Desc hwBufferDesc;
+  AHardwareBuffer_describe(hwBuffer.get(), &hwBufferDesc);
+  mWidth = hwBufferDesc.width;
+  mHeight = hwBufferDesc.height;
+
+  EGLClientBuffer clientBuffer = eglGetNativeClientBufferANDROID(hwBuffer.get());
+  mEglImageKhr = eglCreateImageKHR(display, EGL_NO_CONTEXT,
+                                   EGL_NATIVE_BUFFER_ANDROID, clientBuffer, 0);
+  if (checkEglError("eglCreateImageKHR")) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Create texture backed by the hardware buffer.
+  glGenTextures(1, &mTextureId);
+  glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, mTextureId);
+  glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES(GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES,
+                               (GLeglImageOES)mEglImageKhr);
+  if (checkEglError("configure external texture")) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Create framebuffer backed by the texture.
+  glGenFramebuffers(1, &mFramebufferId);
+  glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, mFramebufferId);
+  glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0,
+                         GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, mTextureId, 0);
+  GLenum status = glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER);
+  if (status != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE) {
+    ALOGE("Failed to configure framebuffer for texture");
+    return;  // false;
+  }
+  if (checkEglError("glCheckFramebufferStatus")) {
+    return;  // false;
+  }
+}
+
+EglFrameBuffer::~EglFrameBuffer() {
+  if (mFramebufferId != 0) {
+    glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &mFramebufferId);
+  }
+  if (mTextureId != 0) {
+    glDeleteTextures(1, &mTextureId);
+  }
+  if (mEglImageKhr != EGL_NO_IMAGE_KHR) {
+    eglDestroyImageKHR(mEglDisplay, mEglDisplay);
+  }
+}
+
+bool EglFrameBuffer::beforeDraw() {
+  glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, mFramebufferId);
+  if (checkEglError("glBindFramebuffer")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  glViewport(0, 0, mWidth, mHeight);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool EglFrameBuffer::afterDraw() {
+  glFinish();
+  glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
+  glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, 0);
+  return true;
+}
+
+int EglFrameBuffer::getWidth() const {
+  return mWidth;
+}
+
+int EglFrameBuffer::getHeight() const {
+  return mHeight;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> EglFrameBuffer::getHardwareBuffer() {
+  return mHardwareBuffer;
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglFramebuffer.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglFramebuffer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b39df6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglFramebuffer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLFRAMEBUFFER_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLFRAMEBUFFER_H
+
+#define EGL_EGLEXT_PROTOTYPES
+#define GL_GLEXT_PROTOTYPES
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "EGL/egl.h"
+#include "EGL/eglext.h"
+#include "GLES/gl.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Encapsulates EGL Framebuffer backed by AHardwareBuffer instance.
+//
+// Note that the framebuffer is tied to EGLDisplay connection.
+class EglFrameBuffer {
+ public:
+  EglFrameBuffer(EGLDisplay display, std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> hwBuffer);
+  virtual ~EglFrameBuffer();
+
+  // Prepare for rendering into the framebuffer.
+  bool beforeDraw();
+
+  // Finishes rendering into the framebuffer.
+  bool afterDraw();
+
+  // Return width of framebuffer (in pixels).
+  int getWidth() const;
+
+  // Return height of framebuffer (in pixels).
+  int getHeight() const;
+
+  // Return underlying hardware buffer.
+  std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> getHardwareBuffer();
+
+ private:
+  // Keeping shared_ptr to hardware buffer instance here prevents it from being
+  // freed while tied to EGL framebufer / EGL texture.
+  std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> mHardwareBuffer;
+  EGLDisplay mEglDisplay;
+  EGLImageKHR mEglImageKhr{EGL_NO_IMAGE_KHR};
+  GLuint mTextureId;
+  GLuint mFramebufferId;
+
+  int mWidth;
+  int mHeight;
+};
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLFRAMEBUFFER_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglProgram.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglProgram.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7554a67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglProgram.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "EglProgram"
+#include "EglProgram.h"
+
+#include <array>
+#include <complex>
+
+#include "EglUtil.h"
+#include "GLES/gl.h"
+#include "GLES2/gl2.h"
+#include "GLES2/gl2ext.h"
+#include "log/log.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+namespace {
+
+constexpr char kGlExtYuvTarget[] = "GL_EXT_YUV_target";
+
+constexpr char kIdentityVertexShader[] = R"(
+    attribute vec4 vPosition;
+    void main() {
+      gl_Position = vPosition;
+    })";
+
+constexpr char kJuliaFractalFragmentShader[] = R"(
+    precision mediump float;
+    uniform vec2 uResolution;
+    uniform vec2 uC;
+    uniform vec2 uUV;
+    const float kIter = 64.0;
+
+    vec2 imSq(vec2 n){
+      return vec2(pow(n.x,2.0)-pow(n.y,2.0), 2.0*n.x*n.y);
+    }
+
+    float julia(vec2 n, vec2 c) {
+      vec2 z = n;
+      for (float i=0.0;i<kIter; i+=1.0) {
+        z = imSq(z) + c;
+        if (length(z) > 2.0) return i/kIter;
+      }
+      return kIter;
+    }
+
+    void main() {
+      vec2 uv = vec2(gl_FragCoord.x / uResolution.x - 0.5, gl_FragCoord.y / uResolution.y - 0.5);
+      float juliaVal = julia(uv * 4.0, uC);
+      gl_FragColor = vec4( juliaVal,uUV.x,uUV.y,0.0);
+    })";
+
+constexpr char kExternalTextureVertexShader[] = R"(#version 300 es
+  uniform mat4 aTextureTransformMatrix; // Transform matrix given by surface texture.
+  in vec4 aPosition;
+  in vec2 aTextureCoord;
+  out vec2 vTextureCoord;
+  void main() {
+    gl_Position = aPosition;
+    vTextureCoord = (aTextureTransformMatrix * vec4(aTextureCoord, 0.0, 1.0)).xy;
+  })";
+
+constexpr char kExternalYuvTextureFragmentShader[] = R"(#version 300 es
+    #extension GL_OES_EGL_image_external_essl3 : require
+    #extension GL_EXT_YUV_target : require
+    precision mediump float;
+    in vec2 vTextureCoord;
+    layout (yuv) out vec4 fragColor;
+    uniform __samplerExternal2DY2YEXT uTexture;
+    void main() {
+      fragColor = texture(uTexture, vTextureCoord);
+    })";
+
+constexpr char kExternalRgbaTextureFragmentShader[] = R"(#version 300 es
+    #extension GL_OES_EGL_image_external : require
+    #extension GL_EXT_YUV_target : require
+    precision mediump float;
+    in vec2 vTextureCoord;
+    layout (yuv) out vec4 fragColor;
+    uniform samplerExternalOES uTexture;
+    void main() {
+      vec4 rgbaColor = texture(uTexture, vTextureCoord);
+      fragColor = vec4(rgb_2_yuv(rgbaColor.xyz, itu_601_full_range), 0.0);
+    })";
+
+constexpr int kCoordsPerVertex = 3;
+
+constexpr std::array<float, 12> kSquareCoords{
+    -1.f, -1.0f, 0.0f,   // top left
+    -1.f, 1.f,   0.0f,   // bottom left
+    1.0f, 1.f,   0.0f,   // bottom right
+    1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f};  // top right
+
+constexpr std::array<float, 8> kTextureCoords{0.0f, 1.0f,   // top left
+                                              0.0f, 0.0f,   // bottom left
+                                              1.0f, 0.0f,   // bottom right
+                                              1.0f, 1.0f};  // top right
+
+constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 6> kDrawOrder{0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3};
+
+GLuint compileShader(GLenum shaderType, const char* src) {
+  GLuint shader = glCreateShader(shaderType);
+  if (shader == 0) {
+    ALOGE("glCreateShader(shaderType=%x) error: %#x",
+          static_cast<unsigned int>(shaderType), glGetError());
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  glShaderSource(shader, 1, &src, NULL);
+  glCompileShader(shader);
+
+  GLint compiled = 0;
+  glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &compiled);
+  if (!compiled) {
+    ALOGE("Compile of shader type %d failed", shaderType);
+    GLint infoLen = 0;
+    glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &infoLen);
+    if (infoLen) {
+      char* buf = new char[infoLen];
+      if (buf) {
+        glGetShaderInfoLog(shader, infoLen, NULL, buf);
+        ALOGE("Compile log: %s", buf);
+        delete[] buf;
+      }
+    }
+    glDeleteShader(shader);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return shader;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+EglProgram::~EglProgram() {
+  if (mProgram) {
+    glDeleteProgram(mProgram);
+  }
+}
+
+bool EglProgram::initialize(const char* vertexShaderSrc,
+                            const char* fragmentShaderSrc) {
+  GLuint vertexShaderId = compileShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertexShaderSrc);
+  if (checkEglError("compileShader(vertex)")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  GLuint fragmentShaderId = compileShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragmentShaderSrc);
+  if (checkEglError("compileShader(fragment)")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  GLuint programId = glCreateProgram();
+
+  glAttachShader(programId, vertexShaderId);
+  glAttachShader(programId, fragmentShaderId);
+  glLinkProgram(programId);
+
+  GLint linkStatus = GL_FALSE;
+  glGetProgramiv(programId, GL_LINK_STATUS, &linkStatus);
+  if (linkStatus != GL_TRUE) {
+    ALOGE("glLinkProgram failed");
+    GLint bufLength = 0;
+    glGetProgramiv(programId, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &bufLength);
+    if (bufLength) {
+      char* buf = new char[bufLength];
+      if (buf) {
+        glGetProgramInfoLog(programId, bufLength, NULL, buf);
+        ALOGE("Link log: %s", buf);
+        delete[] buf;
+      }
+    }
+    glDeleteProgram(programId);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  mProgram = programId;
+
+  mIsInitialized = true;
+  return mIsInitialized;
+}
+
+bool EglProgram::isInitialized() const {
+  return mIsInitialized;
+}
+
+EglTestPatternProgram::EglTestPatternProgram() {
+  if (initialize(kIdentityVertexShader, kJuliaFractalFragmentShader)) {
+    ALOGV("Successfully initialized EGL shaders for test pattern program.");
+  } else {
+    ALOGE("Test pattern EGL shader program initialization failed.");
+  }
+}
+
+bool EglTestPatternProgram::draw(int width, int height, int frameNumber) {
+  glViewport(0, 0, static_cast<GLsizei>(width), static_cast<GLsizei>(height));
+  checkEglError("glViewport");
+
+  // Load compiled shader.
+  glUseProgram(mProgram);
+  checkEglError("glUseProgram");
+
+  // Compute point in complex plane corresponding to fractal for this frame number.
+  float time = float(frameNumber) / 120.0f;
+  const std::complex<float> c(std::sin(time) * 0.78f, std::cos(time) * 0.78f);
+
+  // Pass uniform values to the shader.
+  int resolutionHandle = glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uResolution");
+  checkEglError("glGetUniformLocation -> uResolution");
+  glUniform2f(resolutionHandle, static_cast<float>(width),
+              static_cast<float>(height));
+  checkEglError("glUniform2f -> uResolution");
+
+  // Pass "C" constant value determining the Julia set to the shader.
+  int cHandle = glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uC");
+  glUniform2f(cHandle, c.imag(), c.real());
+
+  // Pass chroma value to the shader.
+  int uvHandle = glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uUV");
+  glUniform2f(uvHandle, (c.imag() + 1.f) / 2.f, (c.real() + 1.f) / 2.f);
+
+  // Pass vertex array to draw.
+  int positionHandle = glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "vPosition");
+  glEnableVertexAttribArray(positionHandle);
+
+  // Prepare the triangle coordinate data.
+  glVertexAttribPointer(positionHandle, kCoordsPerVertex, GL_FLOAT, false,
+                        kSquareCoords.size(), kSquareCoords.data());
+
+  // Draw triangle strip forming a square filling the viewport.
+  glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, kDrawOrder.size(), GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
+                 kDrawOrder.data());
+  if (checkEglError("glDrawElements")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+EglTextureProgram::EglTextureProgram(const TextureFormat textureFormat) {
+  if (!isGlExtensionSupported(kGlExtYuvTarget)) {
+    ALOGE(
+        "Cannot initialize external texture program due to missing "
+        "GL_EXT_YUV_target extension");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const char* fragmentShaderSrc = textureFormat == TextureFormat::YUV
+                                      ? kExternalYuvTextureFragmentShader
+                                      : kExternalRgbaTextureFragmentShader;
+  if (initialize(kExternalTextureVertexShader, fragmentShaderSrc)) {
+    ALOGV("Successfully initialized EGL shaders for external texture program.");
+  } else {
+    ALOGE("External texture EGL shader program initialization failed.");
+  }
+
+  // Lookup and cache handles to uniforms & attributes.
+  mPositionHandle = glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "aPosition");
+  mTextureCoordHandle = glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "aTextureCoord");
+  mTransformMatrixHandle =
+      glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "aTextureTransformMatrix");
+  mTextureHandle = glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uTexture");
+
+  // Pass vertex array to the shader.
+  glEnableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle);
+  glVertexAttribPointer(mPositionHandle, kCoordsPerVertex, GL_FLOAT, false,
+                        kSquareCoords.size(), kSquareCoords.data());
+
+  // Pass texture coordinates corresponding to vertex array to the shader.
+  glEnableVertexAttribArray(mTextureCoordHandle);
+  glVertexAttribPointer(mTextureCoordHandle, 2, GL_FLOAT, false,
+                        kTextureCoords.size(), kTextureCoords.data());
+}
+
+EglTextureProgram::~EglTextureProgram() {
+  if (mPositionHandle != -1) {
+    glDisableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle);
+  }
+  if (mTextureCoordHandle != -1) {
+    glDisableVertexAttribArray(mTextureCoordHandle);
+  }
+}
+
+bool EglTextureProgram::draw(GLuint textureId,
+                             const std::array<float, 16>& transformMatrix) {
+  // Load compiled shader.
+  glUseProgram(mProgram);
+  if (checkEglError("glUseProgram")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Pass transformation matrix for the texture coordinates.
+  glUniformMatrix4fv(mTransformMatrixHandle, 1, /*transpose=*/GL_FALSE,
+                     transformMatrix.data());
+
+  // Configure texture for the shader.
+  glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
+  glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, textureId);
+  glUniform1i(mTextureHandle, 0);
+
+  // Draw triangle strip forming a square filling the viewport.
+  glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, kDrawOrder.size(), GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
+                 kDrawOrder.data());
+  if (checkEglError("glDrawElements")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglProgram.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglProgram.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c695cbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglProgram.h
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLPROGRAM_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLPROGRAM_H
+
+#include <array>
+
+#include "GLES/gl.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Base class for EGL Shader programs representation.
+class EglProgram {
+ public:
+  virtual ~EglProgram();
+
+  // Returns whether the EGL Program was successfully compiled and linked.
+  bool isInitialized() const;
+
+ protected:
+  // Compile & link program from the vertex & fragment shader source.
+  bool initialize(const char* vertexShaderSrc, const char* fragmentShaderSrc);
+  GLuint mProgram;
+  // Whether the EGL Program was successfully compiled and linked.
+  bool mIsInitialized = false;
+};
+
+// Shader program to draw Julia Set test pattern.
+class EglTestPatternProgram : public EglProgram {
+ public:
+  EglTestPatternProgram();
+
+  bool draw(int width, int height, int frameNumber);
+};
+
+// Shader program to  draw texture.
+//
+// Shader stretches the texture over the viewport (if the texture is not same
+// aspect ratio as viewport, it will be deformed).
+//
+// TODO(b/301023410) Add support for translation / cropping.
+class EglTextureProgram : public EglProgram {
+ public:
+  enum class TextureFormat { RGBA, YUV };
+
+  EglTextureProgram(TextureFormat textureFormat = TextureFormat::YUV);
+  virtual ~EglTextureProgram();
+
+  // Draw texture over whole viewport, applying transformMatrix to texture
+  // coordinates.
+  //
+  // Transform matrix is 4x4 matrix represented in column-major order and is
+  // applied to texture coordinates in (s,t,0,1), s,t from <0,1> range prior to
+  // sampling:
+  //
+  // textureCoord = transformMatrix * vec4(s,t,0,1).xy
+  bool draw(GLuint textureId, const std::array<float, 16>& transformMatrix);
+
+ private:
+  int mPositionHandle = -1;
+  int mTextureCoordHandle = -1;
+  int mTransformMatrixHandle = -1;
+  int mTextureHandle = -1;
+};
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLPROGRAM_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglSurfaceTexture.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglSurfaceTexture.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f26e19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglSurfaceTexture.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "EglSurfaceTexture"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "EglSurfaceTexture.h"
+#include "EglUtil.h"
+#include "GLES/gl.h"
+#include "gui/BufferQueue.h"
+#include "gui/GLConsumer.h"
+#include "gui/IGraphicBufferProducer.h"
+#include "hardware/gralloc.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+EglSurfaceTexture::EglSurfaceTexture(const uint32_t width, const uint32_t height)
+    : mWidth(width), mHeight(height) {
+  glGenTextures(1, &mTextureId);
+  if (checkEglError("EglSurfaceTexture(): glGenTextures")) {
+    ALOGE("Failed to generate texture");
+    return;
+  }
+  BufferQueue::createBufferQueue(&mBufferProducer, &mBufferConsumer);
+  mGlConsumer = sp<GLConsumer>::make(
+      mBufferConsumer, mTextureId, GLConsumer::TEXTURE_EXTERNAL, false, false);
+  mGlConsumer->setName(String8("VirtualCameraEglSurfaceTexture"));
+  mGlConsumer->setDefaultBufferSize(mWidth, mHeight);
+  mGlConsumer->setConsumerUsageBits(GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_TEXTURE);
+  mGlConsumer->setDefaultBufferFormat(AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_Y8Cb8Cr8_420);
+
+  mSurface = sp<Surface>::make(mBufferProducer);
+}
+
+EglSurfaceTexture::~EglSurfaceTexture() {
+  if (mTextureId != 0) {
+    glDeleteTextures(1, &mTextureId);
+  }
+}
+
+sp<Surface> EglSurfaceTexture::getSurface() {
+  return mSurface;
+}
+
+sp<GraphicBuffer> EglSurfaceTexture::getCurrentBuffer() {
+  return mGlConsumer->getCurrentBuffer();
+}
+
+GLuint EglSurfaceTexture::updateTexture() {
+  mGlConsumer->updateTexImage();
+  return mTextureId;
+}
+
+GLuint EglSurfaceTexture::getTextureId() const {
+  return mTextureId;
+}
+
+std::array<float, 16> EglSurfaceTexture::getTransformMatrix() {
+  std::array<float, 16> matrix;
+  mGlConsumer->getTransformMatrix(matrix.data());
+  return matrix;
+}
+
+uint32_t EglSurfaceTexture::getWidth() const {
+  return mWidth;
+}
+
+uint32_t EglSurfaceTexture::getHeight() const {
+  return mHeight;
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglSurfaceTexture.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglSurfaceTexture.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..faad7c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglSurfaceTexture.h
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLSURFACETEXTURE_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLSURFACETEXTURE_H
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "GLES/gl.h"
+#include "gui/Surface.h"
+#include "utils/RefBase.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+class IGraphicBufferProducer;
+class IGraphicBufferConsumer;
+class GLConsumer;
+
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Encapsulates GLConsumer & Surface for rendering into EGL texture.
+class EglSurfaceTexture {
+ public:
+  // Create new EGL Texture with specified size.
+  EglSurfaceTexture(uint32_t width, uint32_t height);
+  ~EglSurfaceTexture();
+
+  // Get Surface backing up the texture.
+  sp<Surface> getSurface();
+
+  // Get GraphicBuffer backing the current texture.
+  sp<GraphicBuffer> getCurrentBuffer();
+
+  // Get width of surface / texture.
+  uint32_t getWidth() const;
+
+  // Get height of surface / texture.
+  uint32_t getHeight() const;
+
+  // Update the texture with the most recent submitted buffer.
+  // Most be called on thread with EGL context.
+  //
+  // Returns EGL texture id of the texture.
+  GLuint updateTexture();
+
+  // Returns EGL texture id of the underlying texture.
+  GLuint getTextureId() const;
+
+  // Returns 4x4 transformation matrix in column-major order,
+  // which should be applied to EGL texture coordinates
+  // before sampling from the texture backed by android native buffer,
+  // so the corresponding region of the underlying buffer is sampled.
+  //
+  // See SurfaceTexture.getTransformMatrix for more details.
+  std::array<float, 16> getTransformMatrix();
+
+ private:
+  sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> mBufferProducer;
+  sp<IGraphicBufferConsumer> mBufferConsumer;
+  sp<GLConsumer> mGlConsumer;
+  sp<Surface> mSurface;
+  GLuint mTextureId;
+  const uint32_t mWidth;
+  const uint32_t mHeight;
+};
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLSURFACETEXTURE_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglUtil.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglUtil.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..481d8f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglUtil.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "EglUtil"
+#include "EglUtil.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "GLES/gl.h"
+#include "log/log.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+bool checkEglError(const char* operation) {
+  GLenum err = glGetError();
+  if (err == GL_NO_ERROR) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  ALOGE("%s failed: %d", operation, err);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool isGlExtensionSupported(const char* extension) {
+  const char* extensions =
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(glGetString(GL_EXTENSIONS));
+  if (extension == nullptr || extensions == nullptr) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return strstr(extensions, extension) != nullptr;
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglUtil.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglUtil.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71640e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglUtil.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLUTIL_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLUTIL_H
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Returns true if the EGL is in an error state and logs the error.
+bool checkEglError(const char* operation = "EGL operation");
+
+// Returns true if the GL extension is supported, false otherwise.
+bool isGlExtensionSupported(const char* extension);
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLUTIL_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/JpegUtil.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/JpegUtil.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b19c13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/JpegUtil.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "JpegUtil"
+#include "JpegUtil.h"
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "android/hardware_buffer.h"
+#include "jpeglib.h"
+#include "log/log.h"
+#include "ui/GraphicBuffer.h"
+#include "ui/GraphicBufferMapper.h"
+#include "utils/Errors.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+namespace {
+
+constexpr int kJpegQuality = 80;
+
+class LibJpegContext {
+ public:
+  LibJpegContext(int width, int height, const size_t outBufferSize,
+                 void* outBuffer)
+      : mWidth(width),
+        mHeight(height),
+        mDstBufferSize(outBufferSize),
+        mDstBuffer(outBuffer) {
+    // Initialize error handling for libjpeg.
+    // We call jpeg_std_error to initialize standard error
+    // handling and then override:
+    // * output_message not to print to stderr, but use ALOG instead.
+    // * error_exit not to terminate the process, but failure flag instead.
+    mCompressStruct.err = jpeg_std_error(&mErrorMgr);
+    mCompressStruct.err->output_message = onOutputError;
+    mCompressStruct.err->error_exit = onErrorExit;
+    jpeg_create_compress(&mCompressStruct);
+
+    // Configure input image parameters.
+    mCompressStruct.image_width = width;
+    mCompressStruct.image_height = height;
+    mCompressStruct.input_components = 3;
+    mCompressStruct.in_color_space = JCS_YCbCr;
+    // We pass pointer to this instance as a client data so we can
+    // access this object from the static callbacks invoked by
+    // libjpeg.
+    mCompressStruct.client_data = this;
+
+    // Configure destination manager for libjpeg.
+    mCompressStruct.dest = &mDestinationMgr;
+    mDestinationMgr.init_destination = onInitDestination;
+    mDestinationMgr.empty_output_buffer = onEmptyOutputBuffer;
+    mDestinationMgr.term_destination = onTermDestination;
+    mDestinationMgr.next_output_byte = reinterpret_cast<JOCTET*>(mDstBuffer);
+    mDestinationMgr.free_in_buffer = mDstBufferSize;
+
+    // Configure everything else based on input configuration above.
+    jpeg_set_defaults(&mCompressStruct);
+
+    // Set quality and colorspace.
+    jpeg_set_quality(&mCompressStruct, kJpegQuality, 1);
+    jpeg_set_colorspace(&mCompressStruct, JCS_YCbCr);
+
+    // Configure RAW input mode - this let's libjpeg know we're providing raw,
+    // subsampled YCbCr data.
+    mCompressStruct.raw_data_in = 1;
+    mCompressStruct.dct_method = JDCT_IFAST;
+
+    // Configure sampling factors - this states that every 2 Y
+    // samples share 1 Cb & 1 Cr component vertically & horizontally (YUV420).
+    mCompressStruct.comp_info[0].h_samp_factor = 2;
+    mCompressStruct.comp_info[0].v_samp_factor = 2;
+    mCompressStruct.comp_info[1].h_samp_factor = 1;
+    mCompressStruct.comp_info[1].v_samp_factor = 1;
+    mCompressStruct.comp_info[2].h_samp_factor = 1;
+    mCompressStruct.comp_info[2].v_samp_factor = 1;
+  }
+
+  bool compress(const android_ycbcr& ycbr) {
+    // Prepare arrays of pointers to scanlines of each plane.
+    std::vector<JSAMPROW> yLines(mHeight);
+    std::vector<JSAMPROW> cbLines(mHeight / 2);
+    std::vector<JSAMPROW> crLines(mHeight / 2);
+
+    uint8_t* y = static_cast<uint8_t*>(ycbr.y);
+    uint8_t* cb = static_cast<uint8_t*>(ycbr.cb);
+    uint8_t* cr = static_cast<uint8_t*>(ycbr.cr);
+
+    // Since UV samples might be interleaved (semiplanar) we need to copy
+    // them to separate planes, since libjpeg doesn't directly
+    // support processing semiplanar YUV.
+    const int c_samples = (mWidth / 2) * (mHeight / 2);
+    std::vector<uint8_t> cb_plane(c_samples);
+    std::vector<uint8_t> cr_plane(c_samples);
+
+    // TODO(b/301023410) - Use libyuv or ARM SIMD for "unzipping" the data.
+    for (int i = 0; i < c_samples; ++i) {
+      cb_plane[i] = *cb;
+      cr_plane[i] = *cr;
+      cb += ycbr.chroma_step;
+      cr += ycbr.chroma_step;
+    }
+
+    // Collect pointers to individual scanline of each plane.
+    for (int i = 0; i < mHeight; ++i) {
+      yLines[i] = y + i * ycbr.ystride;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < (mHeight / 2); ++i) {
+      cbLines[i] = cb_plane.data() + i * (mWidth / 2);
+      crLines[i] = cr_plane.data() + i * (mWidth / 2);
+    }
+
+    return compress(yLines, cbLines, crLines);
+  }
+
+  bool compressBlackImage() {
+    // We only really need to prepare one scanline for Y and one shared scanline
+    // for Cb & Cr.
+    std::vector<uint8_t> yLine(mWidth, 0);
+    std::vector<uint8_t> chromaLine(mWidth / 2, 0xff / 2);
+
+    std::vector<JSAMPROW> yLines(mHeight, yLine.data());
+    std::vector<JSAMPROW> cLines(mHeight / 2, chromaLine.data());
+
+    return compress(yLines, cLines, cLines);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  void setSuccess(const boolean success) {
+    mSuccess = success;
+  }
+
+  void initDestination() {
+    mDestinationMgr.next_output_byte = reinterpret_cast<JOCTET*>(mDstBuffer);
+    mDestinationMgr.free_in_buffer = mDstBufferSize;
+    ALOGV("%s:%d jpeg start: %p [%zu]", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, mDstBuffer,
+          mDstBufferSize);
+  }
+
+  void termDestination() {
+    mEncodedSize = mDstBufferSize - mDestinationMgr.free_in_buffer;
+    ALOGV("%s:%d Done with jpeg: %zu", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, mEncodedSize);
+  }
+
+  // Perform actual compression.
+  //
+  // Takes vector of pointers to Y / Cb / Cr scanlines as an input. Length of
+  // each vector needs to correspond to height of corresponding plane.
+  //
+  // Returns true if compression is successful, false otherwise.
+  bool compress(std::vector<JSAMPROW>& yLines, std::vector<JSAMPROW>& cbLines,
+                std::vector<JSAMPROW>& crLines) {
+    jpeg_start_compress(&mCompressStruct, TRUE);
+
+    while (mCompressStruct.next_scanline < mCompressStruct.image_height) {
+      const uint32_t batchSize = DCTSIZE * 2;
+      const uint32_t nl = mCompressStruct.next_scanline;
+      JSAMPARRAY planes[3]{&yLines[nl], &cbLines[nl / 2], &crLines[nl / 2]};
+
+      uint32_t done = jpeg_write_raw_data(&mCompressStruct, planes, batchSize);
+
+      if (done != batchSize) {
+        ALOGE("%s: compressed %u lines, expected %u (total %u/%u)",
+              __FUNCTION__, done, batchSize, mCompressStruct.next_scanline,
+              mCompressStruct.image_height);
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    jpeg_finish_compress(&mCompressStruct);
+    return mSuccess;
+  }
+
+  // === libjpeg callbacks below ===
+
+  static void onOutputError(j_common_ptr cinfo) {
+    char buffer[JMSG_LENGTH_MAX];
+    (*cinfo->err->format_message)(cinfo, buffer);
+    ALOGE("libjpeg error: %s", buffer);
+  };
+
+  static void onErrorExit(j_common_ptr cinfo) {
+    static_cast<LibJpegContext*>(cinfo->client_data)->setSuccess(false);
+  };
+
+  static void onInitDestination(j_compress_ptr cinfo) {
+    static_cast<LibJpegContext*>(cinfo->client_data)->initDestination();
+  }
+
+  static int onEmptyOutputBuffer(j_compress_ptr cinfo __unused) {
+    ALOGV("%s:%d Out of buffer", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  static void onTermDestination(j_compress_ptr cinfo) {
+    static_cast<LibJpegContext*>(cinfo->client_data)->termDestination();
+  }
+
+  jpeg_compress_struct mCompressStruct;
+  jpeg_error_mgr mErrorMgr;
+  jpeg_destination_mgr mDestinationMgr;
+
+  // Dimensions of the input image.
+  int mWidth;
+  int mHeight;
+
+  // Destination buffer and it's capacity.
+  size_t mDstBufferSize;
+  void* mDstBuffer;
+
+  // This will be set to size of encoded data
+  // written to the outputBuffer when encoding finishes.
+  size_t mEncodedSize;
+  // Set to true/false based on whether the encoding
+  // was successful.
+  boolean mSuccess = true;
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool compressJpeg(int width, int height, const android_ycbcr& ycbcr,
+                  size_t outBufferSize, void* outBuffer) {
+  return LibJpegContext(width, height, outBufferSize, outBuffer).compress(ycbcr);
+}
+
+bool compressBlackJpeg(int width, int height, size_t outBufferSize,
+                       void* outBuffer) {
+  return LibJpegContext(width, height, outBufferSize, outBuffer)
+      .compressBlackImage();
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/JpegUtil.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/JpegUtil.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c44d0a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/JpegUtil.h
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_JPEGUTIL_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_JPEGUTIL_H
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "android/hardware_buffer.h"
+#include "system/graphics.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Jpeg-compress image into the output buffer.
+// Returns true if the compression was successful, false otherwise.
+bool compressJpeg(int width, int height, const android_ycbcr& ycbcr,
+                  size_t outBufferSize, void* outBuffer);
+
+// Jpeg-compress all-black image into the output buffer.
+// Returns true if the compression was successful, false otherwise.
+bool compressBlackJpeg(int width, int height, size_t outBufferSize,
+                       void* outBuffer);
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_JPEGUTIL_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/MetadataBuilder.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/MetadataBuilder.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70e22be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/MetadataBuilder.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "MetadataBuilder"
+
+#include "MetadataBuilder.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <memory>
+#include <utility>
+#include <variant>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "CameraMetadata.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/CameraMetadata.h"
+#include "log/log.h"
+#include "system/camera_metadata.h"
+#include "utils/Errors.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+namespace {
+
+using ::android::hardware::camera::common::helper::CameraMetadata;
+
+template <typename To, typename From>
+std::vector<To> convertTo(const std::vector<From>& from) {
+  std::vector<To> to;
+  to.reserve(from.size());
+  std::transform(from.begin(), from.end(), std::back_inserter(to),
+                 [](const From& x) { return static_cast<To>(x); });
+  return to;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setSupportedHardwareLevel(
+    camera_metadata_enum_android_info_supported_hardware_level_t hwLevel) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_INFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL] =
+      std::vector<uint8_t>({static_cast<uint8_t>(hwLevel)});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setFlashAvailable(bool flashAvailable) {
+  const uint8_t metadataVal = flashAvailable
+                                  ? ANDROID_FLASH_INFO_AVAILABLE_TRUE
+                                  : ANDROID_FLASH_INFO_AVAILABLE_FALSE;
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_FLASH_INFO_AVAILABLE] = std::vector<uint8_t>({metadataVal});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setLensFacing(
+    camera_metadata_enum_android_lens_facing lensFacing) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_LENS_FACING] =
+      std::vector<uint8_t>({static_cast<uint8_t>(lensFacing)});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setSensorOrientation(int32_t sensorOrientation) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_SENSOR_ORIENTATION] =
+      std::vector<int32_t>({sensorOrientation});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setSensorTimestamp(
+    std::chrono::nanoseconds timestamp) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_SENSOR_TIMESTAMP] =
+      std::vector<int64_t>({timestamp.count()});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setAvailableFaceDetectModes(
+    const std::vector<camera_metadata_enum_android_statistics_face_detect_mode_t>&
+        faceDetectModes) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_STATISTICS_INFO_AVAILABLE_FACE_DETECT_MODES] =
+      convertTo<uint8_t>(faceDetectModes);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setControlAvailableModes(
+    const std::vector<camera_metadata_enum_android_control_mode_t>&
+        availableModes) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_CONTROL_AVAILABLE_MODES] =
+      convertTo<uint8_t>(availableModes);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setControlAfAvailableModes(
+    const std::vector<camera_metadata_enum_android_control_af_mode_t>&
+        availableModes) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_AVAILABLE_MODES] =
+      convertTo<uint8_t>(availableModes);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setControlAfMode(
+    const camera_metadata_enum_android_control_af_mode_t mode) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_MODE] =
+      std::vector<uint8_t>({static_cast<uint8_t>(mode)});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setControlAeAvailableFpsRange(
+    const int32_t minFps, const int32_t maxFps) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_AVAILABLE_TARGET_FPS_RANGES] =
+      std::vector<int32_t>({minFps, maxFps});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setControlMaxRegions(int32_t maxAeRegions,
+                                                       int32_t maxAwbRegions,
+                                                       int32_t maxAfRegions) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_CONTROL_MAX_REGIONS] =
+      std::vector<int32_t>({maxAeRegions, maxAwbRegions, maxAfRegions});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setControlAeRegions(
+    const std::vector<ControlRegion>& aeRegions) {
+  std::vector<int32_t> regions;
+  regions.reserve(5 * aeRegions.size());
+  for (const ControlRegion& region : aeRegions) {
+    regions.push_back(region.x0);
+    regions.push_back(region.y0);
+    regions.push_back(region.x1);
+    regions.push_back(region.y1);
+    regions.push_back(region.weight);
+  }
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_REGIONS] = std::move(regions);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setControlAfRegions(
+    const std::vector<ControlRegion>& afRegions) {
+  std::vector<int32_t> regions;
+  regions.reserve(5 * afRegions.size());
+  for (const ControlRegion& region : afRegions) {
+    regions.push_back(region.x0);
+    regions.push_back(region.y0);
+    regions.push_back(region.x1);
+    regions.push_back(region.y1);
+    regions.push_back(region.weight);
+  }
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_REGIONS] = std::move(regions);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setControlAwbRegions(
+    const std::vector<ControlRegion>& awbRegions) {
+  std::vector<int32_t> regions;
+  regions.reserve(5 * awbRegions.size());
+  for (const ControlRegion& region : awbRegions) {
+    regions.push_back(region.x0);
+    regions.push_back(region.y0);
+    regions.push_back(region.x1);
+    regions.push_back(region.y1);
+    regions.push_back(region.weight);
+  }
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_REGIONS] = std::move(regions);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setControlCaptureIntent(
+    const camera_metadata_enum_android_control_capture_intent_t intent) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT] =
+      std::vector<uint8_t>({static_cast<uint8_t>(intent)});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setMaxJpegSize(const int32_t size) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_JPEG_MAX_SIZE] = std::vector<int32_t>({size});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setAvailableOutputStreamConfigurations(
+    const std::vector<StreamConfiguration>& streamConfigurations) {
+  std::vector<int32_t> metadataStreamConfigs;
+  std::vector<int64_t> metadataMinFrameDurations;
+  std::vector<int64_t> metadataStallDurations;
+  metadataStreamConfigs.reserve(streamConfigurations.size());
+  metadataMinFrameDurations.reserve(streamConfigurations.size());
+  metadataStallDurations.reserve(streamConfigurations.size());
+
+  for (const auto& config : streamConfigurations) {
+    metadataStreamConfigs.push_back(config.format);
+    metadataStreamConfigs.push_back(config.width);
+    metadataStreamConfigs.push_back(config.height);
+    metadataStreamConfigs.push_back(
+        ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_OUTPUT);
+
+    metadataMinFrameDurations.push_back(config.format);
+    metadataMinFrameDurations.push_back(config.width);
+    metadataMinFrameDurations.push_back(config.height);
+    metadataMinFrameDurations.push_back(config.minFrameDuration.count());
+
+    metadataStallDurations.push_back(config.format);
+    metadataStallDurations.push_back(config.width);
+    metadataStallDurations.push_back(config.height);
+    metadataStallDurations.push_back(config.minStallDuration.count());
+  }
+
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS] =
+      metadataStreamConfigs;
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_MIN_FRAME_DURATIONS] =
+      metadataMinFrameDurations;
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STALL_DURATIONS] = metadataStallDurations;
+
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setAvailableMaxDigitalZoom(const float maxZoom) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_MAX_DIGITAL_ZOOM] =
+      std::vector<float>(maxZoom);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setControlZoomRatioRange(const float min,
+                                                           const float max) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_CONTROL_ZOOM_RATIO_RANGE] = std::vector<float>({min, max});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setSensorActiveArraySize(int x0, int y0,
+                                                           int x1, int y1) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_ACTIVE_ARRAY_SIZE] =
+      std::vector<int32_t>({x0, y0, x1, y1});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setControlAeCompensationRange(int32_t min,
+                                                                int32_t max) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_COMPENSATION_RANGE] =
+      std::vector<int32_t>({min, max});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setControlAeCompensationStep(
+    const camera_metadata_rational step) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_COMPENSATION_STEP] =
+      std::vector<camera_metadata_rational>({step});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setAvailableRequestKeys(
+    const std::vector<int32_t>& keys) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_REQUEST_KEYS] = keys;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setAvailableResultKeys(
+    const std::vector<int32_t>& keys) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_RESULT_KEYS] = keys;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setAvailableCapabilities(
+    const std::vector<camera_metadata_enum_android_request_available_capabilities_t>&
+        capabilities) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES] =
+      convertTo<uint8_t>(capabilities);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setAvailableCharacteristicKeys(
+    const std::vector<camera_metadata_tag_t>& keys) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CHARACTERISTICS_KEYS] =
+      convertTo<int32_t>(keys);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setAvailableCharacteristicKeys() {
+  std::vector<camera_metadata_tag_t> availableKeys;
+  availableKeys.reserve(mEntryMap.size());
+  for (const auto& [key, _] : mEntryMap) {
+    if (key != ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CHARACTERISTICS_KEYS) {
+      availableKeys.push_back(key);
+    }
+  }
+  setAvailableCharacteristicKeys(availableKeys);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata>
+MetadataBuilder::build() const {
+  CameraMetadata metadataHelper;
+  for (const auto& entry : mEntryMap) {
+    status_t ret = std::visit(
+        [&](auto&& arg) {
+          return metadataHelper.update(entry.first, arg.data(), arg.size());
+        },
+        entry.second);
+    if (ret != NO_ERROR) {
+      ALOGE("Failed to update metadata with key %d - %s: %s", entry.first,
+            get_camera_metadata_tag_name(entry.first),
+            ::android::statusToString(ret).c_str());
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const camera_metadata_t* metadata = metadataHelper.getAndLock();
+  if (metadata == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE(
+        "Failure when constructing metadata -> CameraMetadata helper returned "
+        "nullptr");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  auto aidlMetadata =
+      std::make_unique<aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata>();
+  const uint8_t* data_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(metadata);
+  aidlMetadata->metadata.assign(data_ptr,
+                                data_ptr + get_camera_metadata_size(metadata));
+  metadataHelper.unlock(metadata);
+
+  return aidlMetadata;
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/MetadataBuilder.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/MetadataBuilder.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46f4c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/MetadataBuilder.h
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_METADATABUILDER_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_METADATABUILDER_H
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <variant>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/CameraMetadata.h"
+#include "system/camera_metadata.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Convenience builder for the
+// aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata.
+//
+// Calling the same builder setter multiple will overwrite the value.
+// This class is not thread-safe.
+class MetadataBuilder {
+ public:
+  struct StreamConfiguration {
+    int32_t width = 0;
+    int32_t height = 0;
+    int32_t format = 0;
+    // Minimal frame duration - corresponds to maximal FPS for given format.
+    // See ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_MIN_FRAME_DURATIONS in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+    std::chrono::nanoseconds minFrameDuration{0};
+    // Minimal stall duration.
+    // See ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STALL_DURATIONS in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+    std::chrono::nanoseconds minStallDuration{0};
+  };
+
+  struct ControlRegion {
+    int32_t x0 = 0;
+    int32_t y0 = 0;
+    int32_t x1 = 0;
+    int32_t y1 = 0;
+    int32_t weight = 0;
+  };
+
+  MetadataBuilder() = default;
+  ~MetadataBuilder() = default;
+
+  // See ANDROID_INFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setSupportedHardwareLevel(
+      camera_metadata_enum_android_info_supported_hardware_level_t hwLevel);
+
+  // Whether this camera device has a flash unit
+  // See ANDROID_FLASH_INFO_AVAILABLE in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setFlashAvailable(bool flashAvailable);
+
+  // See ANDROID_LENS_FACING in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setLensFacing(
+      camera_metadata_enum_android_lens_facing lensFacing);
+
+  // See ANDROID_SENSOR_ORIENTATION in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setSensorOrientation(int32_t sensorOrientation);
+
+  // Time at start of exposure of first row of the image
+  // sensor active array, in nanoseconds.
+  //
+  // See ANDROID_SENSOR_TIMESTAMP in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setSensorTimestamp(std::chrono::nanoseconds timestamp);
+
+  // See ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_ACTIVE_ARRAY_SIZE in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setSensorActiveArraySize(int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1);
+
+  // See ANDROID_STATISTICS_FACE_DETECT_MODE in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setAvailableFaceDetectModes(
+      const std::vector<camera_metadata_enum_android_statistics_face_detect_mode_t>&
+          faceDetectMode);
+
+  // Sets available stream configurations along with corresponding minimal frame
+  // durations (corresponding to max fps) and stall durations.
+  //
+  // See ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS,
+  // ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_MIN_FRAME_DURATIONS and
+  // ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STALL_DURATIONS in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setAvailableOutputStreamConfigurations(
+      const std::vector<StreamConfiguration>& streamConfigurations);
+
+  // See ANDROID_CONTROL_AVAILABLE_MODES in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setControlAvailableModes(
+      const std::vector<camera_metadata_enum_android_control_mode_t>&
+          availableModes);
+
+  // See ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_COMPENSATION_RANGE in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setControlAeCompensationRange(int32_t min, int32_t max);
+
+  // See ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_COMPENSATION_STEP in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setControlAeCompensationStep(camera_metadata_rational step);
+
+  // See ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_AVAILABLE_MODES in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setControlAfAvailableModes(
+      const std::vector<camera_metadata_enum_android_control_af_mode_t>&
+          availableModes);
+
+  // See ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_MODE in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setControlAfMode(
+      const camera_metadata_enum_android_control_af_mode_t mode);
+
+  // See ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_AVAILABLE_TARGET_FPS_RANGES in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setControlAeAvailableFpsRange(int32_t min, int32_t max);
+
+  // See ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setControlCaptureIntent(
+      camera_metadata_enum_android_control_capture_intent_t intent);
+
+  // See ANDROID_CONTROL_MAX_REGIONS in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setControlMaxRegions(int32_t maxAeRegions,
+                                        int32_t maxAwbRegions,
+                                        int32_t maxAfRegions);
+
+  // See ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_REGIONS in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setControlAeRegions(
+      const std::vector<ControlRegion>& aeRegions);
+
+  // See ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_REGIONS in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setControlAwbRegions(
+      const std::vector<ControlRegion>& awbRegions);
+
+  // See ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_REGIONS in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setControlAfRegions(
+      const std::vector<ControlRegion>& afRegions);
+
+  // The size of the compressed JPEG image, in bytes.
+  //
+  // See ANDROID_JPEG_SIZE in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setMaxJpegSize(int32_t size);
+
+  // See ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_MAX_DIGITAL_ZOOM in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setAvailableMaxDigitalZoom(const float maxZoom);
+
+  // See ANDROID_CONTROL_ZOOM_RATIO_RANGE in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setControlZoomRatioRange(float min, float max);
+
+  // A list of all keys that the camera device has available to use with
+  // CaptureRequest.
+  //
+  // See ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_REQUEST_KEYS in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setAvailableRequestKeys(const std::vector<int32_t>& keys);
+
+  // A list of all keys that the camera device has available to use with
+  // CaptureResult.
+  //
+  // See ANDROID_RESULT_AVAILABLE_REQUEST_KEYS in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setAvailableResultKeys(const std::vector<int32_t>& keys);
+
+  // See ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setAvailableCapabilities(
+      const std::vector<
+          camera_metadata_enum_android_request_available_capabilities_t>&
+          capabilities);
+
+  // A list of all keys that the camera device has available to use.
+  //
+  // See ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CHARACTERISTICS_KEYS in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setAvailableCharacteristicKeys(
+      const std::vector<camera_metadata_tag_t>& keys);
+
+  // Extends metadata with ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CHARACTERISTICS_KEYS
+  // containing all previously set tags.
+  MetadataBuilder& setAvailableCharacteristicKeys();
+
+  // Build CameraMetadata instance.
+  //
+  // Returns nullptr in case something went wrong.
+  std::unique_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata>
+  build() const;
+
+ private:
+  // Maps metadata tags to vectors of values for the given tag.
+  std::map<camera_metadata_tag_t,
+           std::variant<std::vector<int64_t>, std::vector<int32_t>,
+                        std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<float>,
+                        std::vector<camera_metadata_rational_t>>>
+      mEntryMap;
+};
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_METADATABUILDER_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/Permissions.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/Permissions.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..634bca3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/Permissions.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "VirtualCameraPermissions"
+
+#include "Permissions.h"
+
+#include "binder/PermissionCache.h"
+#include "log/log.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+namespace {
+
+class PermissionsProxyImpl : public PermissionsProxy {
+ public:
+  bool checkCallingPermission(const std::string& permission) const override;
+};
+
+bool PermissionsProxyImpl::checkCallingPermission(
+    const std::string& permission) const {
+  int32_t uid;
+  int32_t pid;
+  const bool hasPermission = PermissionCache::checkCallingPermission(
+      String16(permission.c_str()), &pid, &uid);
+
+  ALOGV("%s: Checking %s permission for pid %d uid %d: %s", __func__,
+        permission.c_str(), pid, uid, hasPermission ? "granted" : "denied");
+  return hasPermission;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+const PermissionsProxy& PermissionsProxy::get() {
+  static PermissionsProxyImpl sPermissionProxyImpl;
+  return sPermissionProxyImpl;
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/Permissions.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/Permissions.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..014989e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/Permissions.h
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_PERMISSIONS_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_PERMISSIONS_H
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "sys/types.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+class PermissionsProxy {
+ public:
+  virtual ~PermissionsProxy() = default;
+
+  // Checks whether caller holds permission. Do not use with runtime permissions
+  // as the default implementation uses PermissionCache which doesn't reflect
+  // possible runtime changes of permissions.
+  //
+  // Returns true in case caller holds the permission, false otherwise or if
+  // there was any error while verifying the permission.
+  virtual bool checkCallingPermission(const std::string& permission) const = 0;
+
+  // Get instance of PermissionProxy.
+  static const PermissionsProxy& get();
+};
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_PERMISSIONS_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/TestPatternHelper.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/TestPatternHelper.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a00a1b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/TestPatternHelper.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "TestPatternHelper"
+
+#include "TestPatternHelper.h"
+
+#include <complex>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "log/log.h"
+#include "utils/Errors.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+namespace {
+
+uint8_t julia(const std::complex<float> n, const std::complex<float> c) {
+  std::complex<float> z = n;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
+    z = z * z + c;
+    if (std::abs(z) > 2.0) return i * 4;
+  }
+  return 0xff;
+}
+
+uint8_t pixelToFractal(const int x, const int y, const std::complex<float> c) {
+  std::complex<float> n(float(x) / 640.0f - 0.5, float(y) / 480.0f - 0.5);
+  return julia(n * 5.f, c);
+}
+
+void renderTestPatternYcbCr420(uint8_t* data_ptr, const int width,
+                               const int height, const int frameNumber) {
+  float time = float(frameNumber) / 120.0f;
+  const std::complex<float> c(std::sin(time), std::cos(time));
+
+  uint8_t* y_data = data_ptr;
+  uint8_t* uv_data = static_cast<uint8_t*>(y_data + width * height);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < width; ++i) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < height; ++j) {
+      y_data[j * width + i] = pixelToFractal(i, j, c * 0.78f);
+      if ((i & 1) && (j & 1)) {
+        uv_data[((j / 2) * (width / 2) + i / 2) * 2] =
+            static_cast<uint8_t>((float(i) / float(width)) * 255.f);
+        uv_data[((j / 2) * (width / 2) + i / 2) * 2 + 1] =
+            static_cast<uint8_t>((float(j) / float(height)) * 255.f);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// This is just to see some meaningfull image in the buffer for testing, only
+// works with YcbCr420.
+void renderTestPatternYCbCr420(const std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> buffer,
+                               const int frameNumber, const int fence) {
+  AHardwareBuffer_Planes planes_info;
+
+  AHardwareBuffer_Desc hwBufferDesc;
+  AHardwareBuffer_describe(buffer.get(), &hwBufferDesc);
+
+  const int width = hwBufferDesc.width;
+  const int height = hwBufferDesc.height;
+
+  int result = AHardwareBuffer_lockPlanes(buffer.get(),
+                                          AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_CPU_READ_RARELY,
+                                          fence, nullptr, &planes_info);
+  if (result != OK) {
+    ALOGE("%s: Failed to lock planes: %d", __func__, result);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  renderTestPatternYcbCr420(
+      reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(planes_info.planes[0].data), width, height,
+      frameNumber);
+
+  AHardwareBuffer_unlock(buffer.get(), nullptr);
+}
+
+void renderTestPatternYCbCr420(sp<Surface> surface, int frameNumber) {
+  ANativeWindow_Buffer buffer;
+  surface->lock(&buffer, nullptr);
+
+  ALOGV("buffer: %dx%d stride %d, pixfmt %d", buffer.width, buffer.height,
+        buffer.stride, buffer.format);
+
+  renderTestPatternYcbCr420(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(buffer.bits),
+                            buffer.width, buffer.height, frameNumber);
+
+  surface->unlockAndPost();
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/TestPatternHelper.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/TestPatternHelper.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aca1cdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/TestPatternHelper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_TESTPATTERNHELPER_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_TESTPATTERNHELPER_H
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "android/hardware_buffer.h"
+#include "gui/Surface.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Helper function filling hardware buffer with test pattern for debugging /
+// testing purposes.
+void renderTestPatternYCbCr420(std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> buffer,
+                               int frameNumber, int fence = -1);
+
+// Helper function for rendering test pattern into Surface.
+void renderTestPatternYCbCr420(sp<Surface> surface, int frameNumber);
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_TESTPATTERNHELPER_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/Util.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/Util.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d0545d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/Util.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "Util.h"
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+
+#include "jpeglib.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::Format;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::common::NativeHandle;
+
+// Lower bound for maximal supported texture size is at least 2048x2048
+// but on most platforms will be more.
+// TODO(b/301023410) - Query actual max texture size.
+constexpr int kMaxTextureSize = 2048;
+constexpr int kLibJpegDctSize = DCTSIZE;
+constexpr int kMaxFpsUpperLimit = 60;
+
+constexpr std::array<Format, 2> kSupportedFormats{Format::YUV_420_888,
+                                                  Format::RGBA_8888};
+
+sp<Fence> importFence(const NativeHandle& aidlHandle) {
+  if (aidlHandle.fds.size() != 1) {
+    return sp<Fence>::make();
+  }
+
+  return sp<Fence>::make(::dup(aidlHandle.fds[0].get()));
+}
+
+bool isPixelFormatSupportedForInput(const Format format) {
+  return std::find(kSupportedFormats.begin(), kSupportedFormats.end(),
+                   format) != kSupportedFormats.end();
+}
+
+// Returns true if specified format is supported for virtual camera input.
+bool isFormatSupportedForInput(const int width, const int height,
+                               const Format format, const int maxFps) {
+  if (!isPixelFormatSupportedForInput(format)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (width <= 0 || height <= 0 || width > kMaxTextureSize ||
+      height > kMaxTextureSize) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (width % kLibJpegDctSize != 0 || height % kLibJpegDctSize != 0) {
+    // Input dimension needs to be multiple of libjpeg DCT size.
+    // TODO(b/301023410) This restriction can be removed once we add support for
+    // unaligned jpeg compression.
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (maxFps <= 0 || maxFps > kMaxFpsUpperLimit) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/Util.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/Util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0a31c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/Util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_UTIL_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_UTIL_H
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/Format.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/Status.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamBuffer.h"
+#include "android/binder_auto_utils.h"
+#include "ui/Fence.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Converts camera AIDL status to ndk::ScopedAStatus
+inline ndk::ScopedAStatus cameraStatus(
+    const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status status) {
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+      static_cast<int32_t>(status));
+}
+
+// Import Fence from AIDL NativeHandle.
+//
+// If the handle can't be used to construct Fence (is empty or doesn't contain
+// only single fd) this function will return Fence instance in invalid state.
+sp<Fence> importFence(
+    const ::aidl::android::hardware::common::NativeHandle& handle);
+
+// Returns true if specified pixel format is supported for virtual camera input.
+bool isPixelFormatSupportedForInput(
+    ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::Format format);
+
+// Returns true if specified format is supported for virtual camera input.
+bool isFormatSupportedForInput(
+    int width, int height,
+    ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::Format format, int maxFps);
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_UTIL_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/virtual_camera.hal.rc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/virtual_camera.hal.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8bb61d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/virtual_camera.hal.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+service virtual_camera /system/bin/virtual_camera
+    class core
+    user system
+    group system
+    capabilities SYS_NICE
+    rlimit rtprio 10 10
+    task_profiles CameraServiceCapacity CameraServicePerformance
+    interface aidl virtual_camera
+    interface aidl android.hardware.camera.provider.ICameraProvider/virtual/0
+    oneshot
+    disabled
diff --git a/services/mediametrics/AudioAnalytics.cpp b/services/mediametrics/AudioAnalytics.cpp
index 59d1ae4..bd4ac38 100644
--- a/services/mediametrics/AudioAnalytics.cpp
+++ b/services/mediametrics/AudioAnalytics.cpp
@@ -242,6 +242,7 @@
     "channel_count_hardware",
     "sample_rate_hardware",
     "uid",
+    "sample_rate_client",
 };
 
 static constexpr const char * HeadTrackerDeviceEnabledFields[] {
@@ -1379,6 +1380,10 @@
 
     const auto uid = item->getUid();
 
+    int32_t sampleRateClient = 0;
+    mAudioAnalytics.mAnalyticsState->timeMachine().get(
+            key, AMEDIAMETRICS_PROP_SAMPLERATECLIENT, &sampleRateClient);
+
     LOG(LOG_LEVEL) << "key:" << key
             << " path:" << path
             << " direction:" << direction << "(" << directionStr << ")"
@@ -1402,7 +1407,8 @@
             << " format_hardware:" << formatHardware << "(" << formatHardwareStr << ")"
             << " channel_count_hardware:" << channelCountHardware
             << " sample_rate_hardware: " << sampleRateHardware
-            << " uid: " << uid;
+            << " uid: " << uid
+            << " sample_rate_client: " << sampleRateClient;
 
     if (mAudioAnalytics.mDeliverStatistics) {
         const stats::media_metrics::BytesField bf_serialized(
@@ -1431,6 +1437,7 @@
                 , channelCountHardware
                 , sampleRateHardware
                 , uid
+                , sampleRateClient
                 );
         std::stringstream ss;
         ss << "result:" << result;
@@ -1458,6 +1465,7 @@
                 , channelCountHardware
                 , sampleRateHardware
                 , uid
+                , sampleRateClient
                 );
         ss << " " << fieldsStr;
         std::string str = ss.str();
diff --git a/services/mediametrics/AudioPowerUsage.cpp b/services/mediametrics/AudioPowerUsage.cpp
index 630a436..7dc445b 100644
--- a/services/mediametrics/AudioPowerUsage.cpp
+++ b/services/mediametrics/AudioPowerUsage.cpp
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@
 
     int slot = 1;
     std::stringstream ss;
-    ss << "AudioPowerUsage:\n";
+    ss << "AudioPowerUsage interval " << mIntervalHours << " hours:\n";
     for (const auto &item : mItems) {
         if (slot >= limit - 1) {
             ss << "-- AudioPowerUsage may be truncated!\n";
diff --git a/services/mediametrics/include/mediametricsservice/TimedAction.h b/services/mediametrics/include/mediametricsservice/TimedAction.h
index c7ef585..8b53ded 100644
--- a/services/mediametrics/include/mediametricsservice/TimedAction.h
+++ b/services/mediametrics/include/mediametricsservice/TimedAction.h
@@ -25,6 +25,12 @@
 namespace android::mediametrics {
 
 class TimedAction {
+    // Use system_clock instead of steady_clock to include suspend time.
+    using TimerClock = class std::chrono::system_clock;
+
+    // Define granularity of wakeup to prevent delayed events if
+    // device is suspended.
+    static constexpr auto kWakeupInterval = std::chrono::minutes(3);
 public:
     TimedAction() : mThread{[this](){threadLoop();}} {}
 
@@ -35,7 +41,7 @@
     // TODO: return a handle for cancelling the action?
     template <typename T> // T is in units of std::chrono::duration.
     void postIn(const T& time, std::function<void()> f) {
-        postAt(std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + time, f);
+        postAt(TimerClock::now() + time, f);
     }
 
     template <typename T> // T is in units of std::chrono::time_point
@@ -75,16 +81,21 @@
     void threadLoop() NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS { // thread safety doesn't cover unique_lock
         std::unique_lock l(mLock);
         while (!mQuit) {
-            auto sleepUntilTime = std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::steady_clock>::max();
+            auto sleepUntilTime = std::chrono::time_point<TimerClock>::max();
             if (!mMap.empty()) {
                 sleepUntilTime = mMap.begin()->first;
-                if (sleepUntilTime <= std::chrono::steady_clock::now()) {
+                const auto now = TimerClock::now();
+                if (sleepUntilTime <= now) {
                     auto node = mMap.extract(mMap.begin()); // removes from mMap.
                     l.unlock();
                     node.mapped()();
                     l.lock();
                     continue;
                 }
+                // Bionic uses CLOCK_MONOTONIC for its pthread_mutex regardless
+                // of REALTIME specification, use kWakeupInterval to ensure minimum
+                // granularity if suspended.
+                sleepUntilTime = std::min(sleepUntilTime, now + kWakeupInterval);
             }
             mCondition.wait_until(l, sleepUntilTime);
         }
@@ -93,7 +104,7 @@
     mutable std::mutex mLock;
     std::condition_variable mCondition GUARDED_BY(mLock);
     bool mQuit GUARDED_BY(mLock) = false;
-    std::multimap<std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::steady_clock>, std::function<void()>>
+    std::multimap<std::chrono::time_point<TimerClock>, std::function<void()>>
             mMap GUARDED_BY(mLock); // multiple functions could execute at the same time.
 
     // needs to be initialized after the variables above, done in constructor initializer list.
diff --git a/services/mediametrics/statsd_codec.cpp b/services/mediametrics/statsd_codec.cpp
index 83b30f3..844f204 100644
--- a/services/mediametrics/statsd_codec.cpp
+++ b/services/mediametrics/statsd_codec.cpp
@@ -187,10 +187,12 @@
     const nsecs_t timestampNanos = MediaMetricsService::roundTime(item->getTimestamp());
     AStatsEvent_writeInt64(event, timestampNanos);
 
-    std::string packageName = item->getPkgName();
+    // packageName deprecated for calling_uid and statsd support as of U-QPR2
+    std::string packageName = "";
     AStatsEvent_writeString(event, packageName.c_str());
 
-    int64_t packageVersionCode = item->getPkgVersionCode();
+    // packageVersion depreccated for calling_uid and statsd support as of U-QPR2
+    int64_t packageVersionCode = 0;
     AStatsEvent_writeInt64(event, packageVersionCode);
 
     int64_t mediaApexVersion = 0;
@@ -864,6 +866,7 @@
             << " original_qp_p_max:" << qpPMaxOri
             << " original_qp_b_min:" << qpBMinOri
             << " original_qp_b_max:" << qpBMaxOri
+            << " app_uid:" << app_uid
             << " }";
     statsdLog->log(stats::media_metrics::MEDIAMETRICS_CODEC_REPORTED, log.str());
 
diff --git a/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/Android.bp b/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/Android.bp
index b0db12b..5bac062 100644
--- a/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/Android.bp
+++ b/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/Android.bp
@@ -27,21 +27,18 @@
     default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_av_license"],
 }
 
-cc_fuzz {
-    name: "mediaresourcemanager_fuzzer",
-    srcs: [
-        "mediaresourcemanager_fuzzer.cpp",
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "mediaresourcemanager_fuzzer_defaults",
+    defaults: [
+        "service_fuzzer_defaults",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "liblog",
         "libresourcemanagerservice",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
-        "libbinder",
-        "libbinder_ndk",
         "libmedia",
         "libmediautils",
-        "libutils",
         "libstats_media_metrics",
         "libstatspull",
         "libstatssocket",
@@ -63,3 +60,39 @@
         fuzzed_code_usage: "shipped",
     },
 }
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "mediaresourcemanager_fuzzer",
+    defaults: [
+        "mediaresourcemanager_fuzzer_defaults",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "mediaresourcemanager_fuzzer.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "resourcemanager_service_fuzzer",
+    defaults: [
+        "mediaresourcemanager_fuzzer_defaults",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "resourcemanager_service_fuzzer.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "resourceobserver_service_fuzzer",
+    defaults: [
+        "mediaresourcemanager_fuzzer_defaults",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "resourceobserver_aidl_interface-V1-ndk",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "resourceobserver_service_fuzzer.cpp",
+    ],
+    fuzz_config: {
+        triage_assignee: "waghpawan@google.com",
+    },
+}
diff --git a/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/resourcemanager_service_fuzzer.cpp b/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/resourcemanager_service_fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6253df7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/resourcemanager_service_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android/binder_interface_utils.h>
+
+#include <fuzzbinder/libbinder_ndk_driver.h>
+#include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+
+#include "ResourceManagerService.h"
+
+using android::fuzzService;
+using android::ResourceManagerService;
+using ndk::SharedRefBase;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+   std::shared_ptr<ResourceManagerService> service = ResourceManagerService::Create();
+   fuzzService(service->asBinder().get(), FuzzedDataProvider(data, size));
+   return 0;
+}
diff --git a/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/resourceobserver_service_fuzzer.cpp b/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/resourceobserver_service_fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69368d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/resourceobserver_service_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android/binder_interface_utils.h>
+
+#include <fuzzbinder/libbinder_ndk_driver.h>
+#include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+
+#include "ResourceObserverService.h"
+
+using android::fuzzService;
+using android::ResourceObserverService;
+using ndk::SharedRefBase;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+   auto service = SharedRefBase::make<ResourceObserverService>();
+   fuzzService(service->asBinder().get(), FuzzedDataProvider(data, size));
+   return 0;
+}
diff --git a/services/oboeservice/AAudioClientTracker.h b/services/oboeservice/AAudioClientTracker.h
index cd3b75a..3d4ab34 100644
--- a/services/oboeservice/AAudioClientTracker.h
+++ b/services/oboeservice/AAudioClientTracker.h
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@
     private:
         mutable std::mutex                              mLock;
         const pid_t                                     mProcessId;
-        std::set<android::sp<AAudioServiceStreamBase>>  mStreams;
+        std::set<android::sp<AAudioServiceStreamBase>>  mStreams GUARDED_BY(mLock);
         // hold onto binder to receive death notifications
         android::sp<IBinder>                            mBinder;
         bool                                            mExclusiveEnabled = true;
diff --git a/services/oboeservice/AAudioEndpointManager.h b/services/oboeservice/AAudioEndpointManager.h
index 1d38d26..cddc261 100644
--- a/services/oboeservice/AAudioEndpointManager.h
+++ b/services/oboeservice/AAudioEndpointManager.h
@@ -58,18 +58,25 @@
      * @param sharingMode
      * @return endpoint or null
      */
-    android::sp<AAudioServiceEndpoint> openEndpoint(android::AAudioService &audioService,
-                                        const aaudio::AAudioStreamRequest &request);
+    android::sp<AAudioServiceEndpoint> openEndpoint(
+            android::AAudioService &audioService,
+            const aaudio::AAudioStreamRequest &request)
+            EXCLUDES(mExclusiveLock, mSharedLock);
 
-    void closeEndpoint(const android::sp<AAudioServiceEndpoint>& serviceEndpoint);
+    void closeEndpoint(const android::sp<AAudioServiceEndpoint>& serviceEndpoint)
+            EXCLUDES(mExclusiveLock, mSharedLock);;
 
 private:
-    android::sp<AAudioServiceEndpoint> openExclusiveEndpoint(android::AAudioService &aaudioService,
-                                                 const aaudio::AAudioStreamRequest &request,
-                                                 sp<AAudioServiceEndpoint> &endpointToSteal);
+    android::sp<AAudioServiceEndpoint> openExclusiveEndpoint(
+            android::AAudioService &aaudioService,
+            const aaudio::AAudioStreamRequest &request,
+            sp<AAudioServiceEndpoint> &endpointToSteal)
+            EXCLUDES(mExclusiveLock);
 
-    android::sp<AAudioServiceEndpoint> openSharedEndpoint(android::AAudioService &aaudioService,
-                                              const aaudio::AAudioStreamRequest &request);
+    android::sp<AAudioServiceEndpoint> openSharedEndpoint(
+            android::AAudioService &aaudioService,
+            const aaudio::AAudioStreamRequest &request)
+            EXCLUDES(mSharedLock);
 
     android::sp<AAudioServiceEndpoint> findExclusiveEndpoint_l(
             const AAudioStreamConfiguration& configuration)
@@ -77,7 +84,8 @@
 
     android::sp<AAudioServiceEndpointShared> findSharedEndpoint_l(
             const AAudioStreamConfiguration& configuration)
-            REQUIRES(mSharedLock);
+            REQUIRES(mSharedLock)
+            EXCLUDES(mExclusiveLock);
 
     void closeExclusiveEndpoint(const android::sp<AAudioServiceEndpoint>& serviceEndpoint);
     void closeSharedEndpoint(const android::sp<AAudioServiceEndpoint>& serviceEndpoint);
diff --git a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpoint.h b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpoint.h
index dff571b..6de95e0 100644
--- a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpoint.h
+++ b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpoint.h
@@ -55,9 +55,11 @@
      */
     virtual void close() = 0;
 
-    aaudio_result_t registerStream(const android::sp<AAudioServiceStreamBase>& stream);
+    aaudio_result_t registerStream(const android::sp<AAudioServiceStreamBase>& stream)
+            EXCLUDES(mLockStreams);
 
-    aaudio_result_t unregisterStream(const android::sp<AAudioServiceStreamBase>& stream);
+    aaudio_result_t unregisterStream(const android::sp<AAudioServiceStreamBase>& stream)
+            EXCLUDES(mLockStreams);
 
     virtual aaudio_result_t startStream(android::sp<AAudioServiceStreamBase> stream,
                                         audio_port_handle_t *clientHandle) = 0;
@@ -148,9 +150,11 @@
      * @param portHandle
      * @return return true if a stream with the given portHandle is registered
      */
-    bool                     isStreamRegistered(audio_port_handle_t portHandle);
+    bool                     isStreamRegistered(audio_port_handle_t portHandle)
+                                    EXCLUDES(mLockStreams);
 
-    std::vector<android::sp<AAudioServiceStreamBase>> disconnectRegisteredStreams();
+    std::vector<android::sp<AAudioServiceStreamBase>> disconnectRegisteredStreams()
+            EXCLUDES(mLockStreams);
 
     mutable std::mutex       mLockStreams;
     std::vector<android::sp<AAudioServiceStreamBase>> mRegisteredStreams
diff --git a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointMMAP.cpp b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointMMAP.cpp
index 7f228c7..6b48075 100644
--- a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointMMAP.cpp
+++ b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointMMAP.cpp
@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@
 #define OUTPUT_ESTIMATED_HARDWARE_OFFSET_NANOS  (3 * AAUDIO_NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND)
 #define INPUT_ESTIMATED_HARDWARE_OFFSET_NANOS   (-1 * AAUDIO_NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND)
 
+#define AAUDIO_MAX_OPEN_ATTEMPTS    10
+
 using namespace android;  // TODO just import names needed
 using namespace aaudio;   // TODO just import names needed
 
@@ -74,17 +76,27 @@
 const static std::map<audio_format_t, audio_format_t> NEXT_FORMAT_TO_TRY = {
         {AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_FLOAT,         AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_32_BIT},
         {AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_32_BIT,        AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_24_BIT_PACKED},
-        {AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_24_BIT_PACKED, AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT}
+        {AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_24_BIT_PACKED, AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_8_24_BIT},
+        {AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_8_24_BIT,      AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT}
 };
 
-audio_format_t getNextFormatToTry(audio_format_t curFormat, audio_format_t returnedFromAPM) {
-    if (returnedFromAPM != AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT) {
-        return returnedFromAPM;
-    }
+audio_format_t getNextFormatToTry(audio_format_t curFormat) {
     const auto it = NEXT_FORMAT_TO_TRY.find(curFormat);
-    return it != NEXT_FORMAT_TO_TRY.end() ? it->second : AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT;
+    return it != NEXT_FORMAT_TO_TRY.end() ? it->second : curFormat;
 }
 
+struct configComp {
+    bool operator() (const audio_config_base_t& lhs, const audio_config_base_t& rhs) const {
+        if (lhs.sample_rate != rhs.sample_rate) {
+            return lhs.sample_rate < rhs.sample_rate;
+        } else if (lhs.channel_mask != rhs.channel_mask) {
+            return lhs.channel_mask < rhs.channel_mask;
+        } else {
+            return lhs.format < rhs.format;
+        }
+    }
+};
+
 } // namespace
 
 aaudio_result_t AAudioServiceEndpointMMAP::open(const aaudio::AAudioStreamRequest &request) {
@@ -101,60 +113,66 @@
         legacy2aidl_pid_t_int32_t(IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingPid()));
 
     audio_format_t audioFormat = getFormat();
-    std::set<audio_format_t> formatsTried;
-    while (true) {
-        if (formatsTried.find(audioFormat) != formatsTried.end()) {
+    int32_t sampleRate = getSampleRate();
+    if (sampleRate == AAUDIO_UNSPECIFIED) {
+        sampleRate = AAUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE_DEFAULT;
+    }
+
+    const aaudio_direction_t direction = getDirection();
+    audio_config_base_t config;
+    config.format = audioFormat;
+    config.sample_rate = sampleRate;
+    config.channel_mask = AAudio_getChannelMaskForOpen(
+            getChannelMask(), getSamplesPerFrame(), direction == AAUDIO_DIRECTION_INPUT);
+
+    std::set<audio_config_base_t, configComp> configsTried;
+    int32_t numberOfAttempts = 0;
+    while (numberOfAttempts < AAUDIO_MAX_OPEN_ATTEMPTS) {
+        if (configsTried.find(config) != configsTried.end()) {
             // APM returning something that has already tried.
-            ALOGW("Have already tried to open with format=%#x, but failed before", audioFormat);
+            ALOGW("Have already tried to open with format=%#x and sr=%d, but failed before",
+                  config.format, config.sample_rate);
             break;
         }
-        formatsTried.insert(audioFormat);
+        configsTried.insert(config);
 
-        audio_format_t nextFormatToTry = AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT;
-        result = openWithFormat(audioFormat, &nextFormatToTry);
+        audio_config_base_t previousConfig = config;
+        result = openWithConfig(&config);
         if (result != AAUDIO_ERROR_UNAVAILABLE) {
             // Return if it is successful or there is an error that is not
             // AAUDIO_ERROR_UNAVAILABLE happens.
-            ALOGI("Opened format=%#x with result=%d", audioFormat, result);
+            ALOGI("Opened format=%#x sr=%d, with result=%d", previousConfig.format,
+                    previousConfig.sample_rate, result);
             break;
         }
 
-        nextFormatToTry = getNextFormatToTry(audioFormat, nextFormatToTry);
-        ALOGD("%s() %#x failed, perhaps due to format. Try again with %#x",
-              __func__, audioFormat, nextFormatToTry);
-        audioFormat = nextFormatToTry;
-        if (audioFormat == AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT) {
-            // Nothing else to try
-            break;
+        // Try other formats if the config from APM is the same as our current config.
+        // Some HALs may report its format support incorrectly.
+        if ((previousConfig.format == config.format) &&
+                (previousConfig.sample_rate == config.sample_rate)) {
+            config.format = getNextFormatToTry(config.format);
         }
+
+        ALOGD("%s() %#x %d failed, perhaps due to format or sample rate. Try again with %#x %d",
+                __func__, previousConfig.format, previousConfig.sample_rate, config.format,
+                config.sample_rate);
+        numberOfAttempts++;
     }
     return result;
 }
 
-aaudio_result_t AAudioServiceEndpointMMAP::openWithFormat(
-        audio_format_t audioFormat, audio_format_t* nextFormatToTry) {
+aaudio_result_t AAudioServiceEndpointMMAP::openWithConfig(
+        audio_config_base_t* config) {
     aaudio_result_t result = AAUDIO_OK;
-    audio_config_base_t config;
+    audio_config_base_t currentConfig = *config;
     audio_port_handle_t deviceId;
 
     const audio_attributes_t attributes = getAudioAttributesFrom(this);
 
     deviceId = mRequestedDeviceId;
 
-    // Fill in config
-    config.format = audioFormat;
-
-    int32_t aaudioSampleRate = getSampleRate();
-    if (aaudioSampleRate == AAUDIO_UNSPECIFIED) {
-        aaudioSampleRate = AAUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE_DEFAULT;
-    }
-    config.sample_rate = aaudioSampleRate;
-
     const aaudio_direction_t direction = getDirection();
 
-    config.channel_mask = AAudio_getChannelMaskForOpen(
-            getChannelMask(), getSamplesPerFrame(), direction == AAUDIO_DIRECTION_INPUT);
-
     if (direction == AAUDIO_DIRECTION_OUTPUT) {
         mHardwareTimeOffsetNanos = OUTPUT_ESTIMATED_HARDWARE_OFFSET_NANOS; // frames at DAC later
 
@@ -177,11 +195,11 @@
     // Open HAL stream. Set mMmapStream
     ALOGD("%s trying to open MMAP stream with format=%#x, "
           "sample_rate=%u, channel_mask=%#x, device=%d",
-          __func__, config.format, config.sample_rate,
-          config.channel_mask, deviceId);
+          __func__, config->format, config->sample_rate,
+          config->channel_mask, deviceId);
     const status_t status = MmapStreamInterface::openMmapStream(streamDirection,
                                                                 &attributes,
-                                                                &config,
+                                                                config,
                                                                 mMmapClient,
                                                                 &deviceId,
                                                                 &sessionId,
@@ -195,9 +213,9 @@
         // not match the hardware.
         ALOGD("%s() - openMmapStream() returned status=%d, suggested format=%#x, sample_rate=%u, "
               "channel_mask=%#x",
-              __func__, status, config.format, config.sample_rate, config.channel_mask);
-        *nextFormatToTry = config.format != audioFormat ? config.format
-                                                        : *nextFormatToTry;
+              __func__, status, config->format, config->sample_rate, config->channel_mask);
+        // Keep the channel mask of the current config
+        config->channel_mask = currentConfig.channel_mask;
         return AAUDIO_ERROR_UNAVAILABLE;
     }
 
@@ -217,7 +235,7 @@
     setSessionId(actualSessionId);
 
     ALOGD("%s(format = 0x%X) deviceId = %d, sessionId = %d",
-          __func__, audioFormat, getDeviceId(), getSessionId());
+          __func__, config->format, getDeviceId(), getSessionId());
 
     // Create MMAP/NOIRQ buffer.
     result = createMmapBuffer();
@@ -227,11 +245,11 @@
 
     // Get information about the stream and pass it back to the caller.
     setChannelMask(AAudioConvert_androidToAAudioChannelMask(
-            config.channel_mask, getDirection() == AAUDIO_DIRECTION_INPUT,
-            AAudio_isChannelIndexMask(config.channel_mask)));
+            config->channel_mask, getDirection() == AAUDIO_DIRECTION_INPUT,
+            AAudio_isChannelIndexMask(config->channel_mask)));
 
-    setFormat(config.format);
-    setSampleRate(config.sample_rate);
+    setFormat(config->format);
+    setSampleRate(config->sample_rate);
     setHardwareSampleRate(getSampleRate());
     setHardwareFormat(getFormat());
     setHardwareSamplesPerFrame(AAudioConvert_channelMaskToCount(getChannelMask()));
@@ -404,10 +422,17 @@
     ALOGD("%s() called with dev %d, old = %d", __func__, deviceId, getDeviceId());
     if (getDeviceId() != deviceId) {
         if (getDeviceId() != AUDIO_PORT_HANDLE_NONE) {
+            // When there is a routing changed, mmap stream should be disconnected. Set `mConnected`
+            // as false here so that there won't be a new stream connect to this endpoint.
+            mConnected.store(false);
             const android::sp<AAudioServiceEndpointMMAP> holdEndpoint(this);
             std::thread asyncTask([holdEndpoint, deviceId]() {
                 ALOGD("onRoutingChanged() asyncTask launched");
-                holdEndpoint->disconnectRegisteredStreams();
+                // When routing changed, the stream is disconnected and cannot be used except for
+                // closing. In that case, it should be safe to release all registered streams.
+                // This can help release service side resource in case the client doesn't close
+                // the stream after receiving disconnect event.
+                holdEndpoint->releaseRegisteredStreams();
                 holdEndpoint->setDeviceId(deviceId);
             });
             asyncTask.detach();
diff --git a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointMMAP.h b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointMMAP.h
index 38cf0ba..eaa578c 100644
--- a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointMMAP.h
+++ b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointMMAP.h
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 
 #include <atomic>
 #include <functional>
-#include <mutex>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "client/AudioStreamInternal.h"
@@ -97,7 +96,7 @@
 
 private:
 
-    aaudio_result_t openWithFormat(audio_format_t audioFormat, audio_format_t* nextFormatToTry);
+    aaudio_result_t openWithConfig(audio_config_base_t* config);
 
     aaudio_result_t createMmapBuffer();
 
diff --git a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointPlay.h b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointPlay.h
index 160a1de..704502e 100644
--- a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointPlay.h
+++ b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointPlay.h
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 
 #include <atomic>
 #include <functional>
-#include <mutex>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "client/AudioStreamInternal.h"
diff --git a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointShared.cpp b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointShared.cpp
index 1dd0c3a..5e1e594 100644
--- a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointShared.cpp
+++ b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointShared.cpp
@@ -219,9 +219,13 @@
 
 void AAudioServiceEndpointShared::handleDisconnectRegisteredStreamsAsync() {
     android::sp<AAudioServiceEndpointShared> holdEndpoint(this);
+    // When there is a routing changed, mmap stream should be disconnected. Set `mConnected`
+    // as false here so that there won't be a new stream connect to this endpoint.
+    mConnected.store(false);
     std::thread asyncTask([holdEndpoint]() {
-        // We do not need the returned vector.
-        holdEndpoint->disconnectRegisteredStreams();
+        // When handling disconnection, the service side has disconnected. In that case,
+        // it should be safe to release all registered streams.
+        holdEndpoint->releaseRegisteredStreams();
     });
     asyncTask.detach();
 }
diff --git a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointShared.h b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointShared.h
index 0efb227..2c73953 100644
--- a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointShared.h
+++ b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceEndpointShared.h
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 #define AAUDIO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT_SHARED_H
 
 #include <atomic>
-#include <mutex>
 
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
 
diff --git a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceStreamBase.cpp b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceStreamBase.cpp
index 65854c8..79d0c90 100644
--- a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceStreamBase.cpp
+++ b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceStreamBase.cpp
@@ -75,11 +75,7 @@
                         this, getState());
 
     // Stop the command thread before destroying.
-    if (mThreadEnabled) {
-        mThreadEnabled = false;
-        mCommandQueue.stopWaiting();
-        mCommandThread.stop();
-    }
+    stopCommandThread();
 }
 
 std::string AAudioServiceStreamBase::dumpHeader() {
@@ -194,26 +190,27 @@
 
 error:
     closeAndClear();
-    mThreadEnabled = false;
-    mCommandQueue.stopWaiting();
-    mCommandThread.stop();
+    stopCommandThread();
     return result;
 }
 
 aaudio_result_t AAudioServiceStreamBase::close() {
     aaudio_result_t result = sendCommand(CLOSE, nullptr, true /*waitForReply*/, TIMEOUT_NANOS);
+    if (result == AAUDIO_ERROR_ALREADY_CLOSED) {
+        // AAUDIO_ERROR_ALREADY_CLOSED is not a really error but just indicate the stream has
+        // already been closed. In that case, there is no need to close the stream once more.
+        ALOGD("The stream(%d) is already closed", mHandle);
+        return AAUDIO_OK;
+    }
 
-    // Stop the command thread as the stream is closed.
-    mThreadEnabled = false;
-    mCommandQueue.stopWaiting();
-    mCommandThread.stop();
+    stopCommandThread();
 
     return result;
 }
 
 aaudio_result_t AAudioServiceStreamBase::close_l() {
     if (getState() == AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_CLOSED) {
-        return AAUDIO_OK;
+        return AAUDIO_ERROR_ALREADY_CLOSED;
     }
 
     // This will stop the stream, just in case it was not already stopped.
@@ -647,6 +644,10 @@
         setSuspended(true);
         return AAUDIO_ERROR_WOULD_BLOCK;
     } else {
+        if (isSuspended()) {
+            ALOGW("%s(): Queue no longer full. Un-suspending the stream.", __func__);
+            setSuspended(false);
+        }
         return AAUDIO_OK;
     }
 }
@@ -762,3 +763,11 @@
         .record();
     return result;
 }
+
+void AAudioServiceStreamBase::stopCommandThread() {
+    bool threadEnabled = true;
+    if (mThreadEnabled.compare_exchange_strong(threadEnabled, false)) {
+        mCommandQueue.stopWaiting();
+        mCommandThread.stop();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceStreamBase.h b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceStreamBase.h
index bc7ccde..96a6d44 100644
--- a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceStreamBase.h
+++ b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceStreamBase.h
@@ -76,7 +76,8 @@
     /**
      * Open the device.
      */
-    virtual aaudio_result_t open(const aaudio::AAudioStreamRequest &request) = 0;
+    virtual aaudio_result_t open(const aaudio::AAudioStreamRequest &request)
+            EXCLUDES(mUpMessageQueueLock);
 
     // We log the CLOSE from the close() method. We needed this separate method to log the OPEN
     // because we had to wait until we generated the handle.
@@ -220,18 +221,6 @@
         return mSuspended;
     }
 
-    bool isCloseNeeded() const {
-        return mCloseNeeded.load();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Mark this stream as needing to be closed.
-     * Once marked for closing, it cannot be unmarked.
-     */
-    void markCloseNeeded() {
-        mCloseNeeded.store(true);
-    }
-
     virtual const char *getTypeText() const { return "Base"; }
 
 protected:
@@ -281,7 +270,8 @@
 
         AudioEndpointParcelable* mParcelable;
     };
-    aaudio_result_t getDescription_l(AudioEndpointParcelable* parcelable) REQUIRES(mLock);
+    aaudio_result_t getDescription_l(AudioEndpointParcelable* parcelable)
+            REQUIRES(mLock) EXCLUDES(mUpMessageQueueLock);
 
     void setState(aaudio_stream_state_t state);
 
@@ -291,7 +281,8 @@
      */
     virtual aaudio_result_t startDevice();
 
-    aaudio_result_t writeUpMessageQueue(AAudioServiceMessage *command);
+    aaudio_result_t writeUpMessageQueue(AAudioServiceMessage *command)
+            EXCLUDES(mUpMessageQueueLock);
 
     aaudio_result_t sendCurrentTimestamp_l() REQUIRES(mLock);
 
@@ -354,7 +345,7 @@
     pid_t                   mRegisteredClientThread = ILLEGAL_THREAD_ID;
 
     std::mutex              mUpMessageQueueLock;
-    std::shared_ptr<SharedRingBuffer> mUpMessageQueue;
+    std::shared_ptr<SharedRingBuffer> mUpMessageQueue PT_GUARDED_BY(mUpMessageQueueLock);
 
     enum : int32_t {
         START,
@@ -369,7 +360,7 @@
         EXIT_STANDBY,
     };
     AAudioThread            mCommandThread;
-    std::atomic<bool>       mThreadEnabled{false};
+    std::atomic_bool        mThreadEnabled{false};
     AAudioCommandQueue      mCommandQueue;
 
     int32_t                 mFramesPerBurst = 0;
@@ -409,22 +400,20 @@
                                 bool waitForReply = false,
                                 int64_t timeoutNanos = 0);
 
+    void stopCommandThread();
+
     aaudio_result_t closeAndClear();
 
     /**
      * @return true if the queue is getting full.
      */
-    bool isUpMessageQueueBusy();
+    bool isUpMessageQueueBusy() EXCLUDES(mUpMessageQueueLock);
 
     aaudio_handle_t         mHandle = -1;
     bool                    mFlowing = false;
 
-    // This indicates that a stream that is being referenced by a binder call
-    // and needs to closed.
-    std::atomic<bool>       mCloseNeeded{false}; // TODO remove
-
     // This indicate that a running stream should not be processed because of an error,
-    // for example a full message queue. Note that this atomic is unrelated to mCloseNeeded.
+    // for example a full message queue.
     std::atomic<bool>       mSuspended{false};
 
     bool                    mDisconnected GUARDED_BY(mLock) {false};
diff --git a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceStreamMMAP.h b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceStreamMMAP.h
index db3c8d0..42032d7 100644
--- a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceStreamMMAP.h
+++ b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceStreamMMAP.h
@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@
                             bool inService);
     ~AAudioServiceStreamMMAP() override = default;
 
-    aaudio_result_t open(const aaudio::AAudioStreamRequest &request) override;
+    aaudio_result_t open(const aaudio::AAudioStreamRequest &request) override
+            EXCLUDES(mUpMessageQueueLock);
 
     aaudio_result_t startClient(const android::AudioClient& client,
                                 const audio_attributes_t *attr,
diff --git a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceStreamShared.h b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceStreamShared.h
index 0b2513a..c6b74e1 100644
--- a/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceStreamShared.h
+++ b/services/oboeservice/AAudioServiceStreamShared.h
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@
 
     std::string dump() const override;
 
-    aaudio_result_t open(const aaudio::AAudioStreamRequest &request) override;
+    aaudio_result_t open(const aaudio::AAudioStreamRequest &request) override
+            EXCLUDES(mUpMessageQueueLock);
 
     void writeDataIfRoom(int64_t mmapFramesRead, const void *buffer, int32_t numFrames);
 
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@
 
 private:
 
-    std::shared_ptr<SharedRingBuffer> mAudioDataQueue GUARDED_BY(audioDataQueueLock);
+    std::shared_ptr<SharedRingBuffer> mAudioDataQueue PT_GUARDED_BY(audioDataQueueLock);
 
     std::atomic<int64_t>     mTimestampPositionOffset;
     std::atomic<int32_t>     mXRunCount;
diff --git a/services/oboeservice/AAudioStreamTracker.h b/services/oboeservice/AAudioStreamTracker.h
index 99f4b6c..51a783d 100644
--- a/services/oboeservice/AAudioStreamTracker.h
+++ b/services/oboeservice/AAudioStreamTracker.h
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
      * @param streamHandle
      * @return number of streams removed
      */
-    int32_t removeStreamByHandle(aaudio_handle_t streamHandle);
+    int32_t removeStreamByHandle(aaudio_handle_t streamHandle) EXCLUDES(mHandleLock);
 
     /**
      * Look up a stream based on the handle.
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
      * @return strong pointer to the stream if found, or nullptr
      */
     android::sp<aaudio::AAudioServiceStreamBase> getStreamByHandle(
-            aaudio_handle_t streamHandle);
+            aaudio_handle_t streamHandle) EXCLUDES(mHandleLock);
 
     /**
      * Look up a stream based on the AudioPolicy portHandle.
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
      * @return strong pointer to the stream if found, or nullptr
      */
     android::sp<aaudio::AAudioServiceStreamBase> findStreamByPortHandle(
-            audio_port_handle_t portHandle);
+            audio_port_handle_t portHandle) EXCLUDES(mHandleLock);
 
     /**
      * Store a strong pointer to the stream and return a unique handle for future reference.
@@ -64,7 +64,8 @@
      * @param serviceStream
      * @return handle for identifying the stream
      */
-    aaudio_handle_t addStreamForHandle(const android::sp<AAudioServiceStreamBase>& serviceStream);
+    aaudio_handle_t addStreamForHandle(const android::sp<AAudioServiceStreamBase>& serviceStream)
+            EXCLUDES(mHandleLock);
 
     /**
      * @return string that can be added to dumpsys
diff --git a/services/oboeservice/AAudioThread.cpp b/services/oboeservice/AAudioThread.cpp
index 549fa59..502d773 100644
--- a/services/oboeservice/AAudioThread.cpp
+++ b/services/oboeservice/AAudioThread.cpp
@@ -75,7 +75,9 @@
 
 aaudio_result_t AAudioThread::stop() {
     if (!mHasThread) {
-        ALOGE("stop() but no thread running");
+        // There can be cases that the thread is just created but not started.
+        // Logging as warning to attract attention but not too serious.
+        ALOGW("stop() but no thread running");
         return AAUDIO_ERROR_INVALID_STATE;
     }
 
diff --git a/services/oboeservice/Android.bp b/services/oboeservice/Android.bp
index c5080a4..9fe06b7 100644
--- a/services/oboeservice/Android.bp
+++ b/services/oboeservice/Android.bp
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
     "modernize-use-emplace",
     "modernize-use-equals-default",
     "modernize-use-equals-delete",
-    // "modernize-use-nodiscard", // Maybe add this in the future
+    "modernize-use-nodiscard",
     "modernize-use-noexcept",
     "modernize-use-nullptr",
     "modernize-use-override",
@@ -78,12 +78,38 @@
 
 ]
 
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "libaaudioservice_dependencies",
 
-cc_library {
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libaaudio_internal",
+        "libaudioclient",
+        "libaudioutils",
+        "libmedia_helper",
+        "libmediametrics",
+        "libmediautils",
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder",
+        "libcutils",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "aaudio-aidl-cpp",
+        "framework-permission-aidl-cpp",
+        "libaudioclient_aidl_conversion",
+        "packagemanager_aidl-cpp",
+    ],
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "libaudioflinger",
+    ]
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
 
     name: "libaaudioservice",
 
     defaults: [
+        "libaaudioservice_dependencies",
         "latest_android_media_audio_common_types_cpp_shared",
     ],
 
@@ -116,25 +142,6 @@
         "-Werror",
     ],
 
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libaaudio_internal",
-        "libaudioclient",
-        "libaudioflinger",
-        "libaudioutils",
-        "libmedia_helper",
-        "libmediametrics",
-        "libmediautils",
-        "libbase",
-        "libbinder",
-        "libcutils",
-        "liblog",
-        "libutils",
-        "aaudio-aidl-cpp",
-        "framework-permission-aidl-cpp",
-        "libaudioclient_aidl_conversion",
-        "packagemanager_aidl-cpp",
-    ],
-
     export_shared_lib_headers: [
         "libaaudio_internal",
         "framework-permission-aidl-cpp",
diff --git a/services/oboeservice/fuzzer/oboeservice_fuzzer.cpp b/services/oboeservice/fuzzer/oboeservice_fuzzer.cpp
index f047065..f5c2e6c 100644
--- a/services/oboeservice/fuzzer/oboeservice_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/services/oboeservice/fuzzer/oboeservice_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -403,13 +403,6 @@
 
     request.getConfiguration().setBufferCapacity(fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
 
-    request.getConfiguration().setHardwareSampleRate(fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
-    request.getConfiguration().setHardwareSamplesPerFrame(fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
-    request.getConfiguration().setHardwareFormat((audio_format_t)(
-        fdp.ConsumeBool()
-            ? fdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>()
-            : kAAudioFormats[fdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(0, kNumAAudioFormats - 1)]));
-
     auto streamHandleInfo = mClient->openStream(request, configurationOutput);
     if (streamHandleInfo.getHandle() < 0) {
         // invalid request, stream not opened.
diff --git a/services/tuner/Android.bp b/services/tuner/Android.bp
index ea5139d..e29d520 100644
--- a/services/tuner/Android.bp
+++ b/services/tuner/Android.bp
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@
         "android.hardware.tv.tuner@1.1",
         "android.hardware.tv.tuner-V2-ndk",
         "libbase",
+        "libcutils",
         "libbinder",
         "libfmq",
         "libhidlbase",
diff --git a/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlFilter.cpp b/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlFilter.cpp
index 617622d..be482c4 100644
--- a/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlFilter.cpp
+++ b/services/tuner/hidl/TunerHidlFilter.cpp
@@ -355,6 +355,11 @@
         return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int32_t>(res));
     }
 
+    // Call to HAL to make sure the transport FD was able to be closed by binder.
+    // This is a tricky workaround for a problem in Binder.
+    // TODO:[b/192048842] When that problem is fixed we may be able to remove or change this code.
+    mFilter_1_1->getId([&](HidlResult /* r */, uint32_t /* filterId*/){});
+
     return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
diff --git a/services/tuner/main_tunerservice.cpp b/services/tuner/main_tunerservice.cpp
index 90f1731..6dee324 100644
--- a/services/tuner/main_tunerservice.cpp
+++ b/services/tuner/main_tunerservice.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 #include <hidl/HidlTransportSupport.h>
 
@@ -31,6 +32,12 @@
 int main() {
     ALOGD("Tuner service starting");
 
+    if (!property_get_bool("tuner.server.enable", false)
+        && !property_get_bool("ro.tuner.lazyhal", false)) {
+        ALOGD("tuner is not enabled, terminating");
+        return 0;
+    }
+
     sp<ProcessState> proc(ProcessState::self());
     sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
     hardware::configureRpcThreadpool(16, true);