diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/Android.bp b/services/camera/virtualcamera/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0375a7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "libvirtualcamera_defaults",
+    shared_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.common.fmq-V1-ndk",
+        "libbinder",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "liblog",
+        "libfmq",
+        "libgui",
+        "libjpeg",
+        "libnativewindow",
+        "libbase",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libui",
+        "libutils",
+        "libEGL",
+        "libGLESv2",
+        "libGLESv3",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.camera.common@1.0-helper",
+        "android.hardware.camera.common-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.camera.device-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.camera.metadata-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider-V2-ndk",
+        "libaidlcommonsupport",
+        "virtual_camera_service_aidl-ndk",
+    ],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wformat",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
+        "-DLOG_NDEBUG=0"
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libvirtualcamera_utils",
+    srcs: [
+        "util/JpegUtil.cc",
+        "util/MetadataBuilder.cc",
+        "util/Util.cc",
+        "util/TestPatternHelper.cc",
+        "util/EglDisplayContext.cc",
+        "util/EglFramebuffer.cc",
+        "util/EglProgram.cc",
+        "util/EglSurfaceTexture.cc",
+        "util/EglUtil.cc",
+    ],
+    defaults: [
+        "libvirtualcamera_defaults",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libvirtualcamera",
+    srcs: [
+        "VirtualCameraProvider.cc",
+        "VirtualCameraDevice.cc",
+        "VirtualCameraSession.cc",
+        "VirtualCameraStream.cc",
+        "VirtualCameraService.cc",
+        "VirtualCameraSessionContext.cc",
+        "VirtualCameraRenderThread.cc",
+    ],
+    defaults: [
+        "libvirtualcamera_defaults",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libvirtualcamera_utils",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: ["."],
+    min_sdk_version: "current",
+}
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "virtual_camera",
+    srcs: ["main.cc"],
+    defaults: [
+        "libvirtualcamera_defaults",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libvirtualcamera",
+        "libvirtualcamera_utils",
+    ],
+    // Remove before flight.
+    // We don't want the service to be started and discovered
+    // yet - remove comments on the lines below in order to
+    // test locally.
+    // init_rc: ["virtual_camera.hal.rc"],
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/TEST_MAPPING b/services/camera/virtualcamera/TEST_MAPPING
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04b4025
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "postsubmit": [
+    {
+      "name": "virtual_camera_tests"
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraDevice.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraDevice.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c8c0f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraDevice.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "VirtualCameraDevice"
+#include "VirtualCameraDevice.h"
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraSession.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/Status.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/CameraMetadata.h"
+#include "android/binder_auto_utils.h"
+#include "android/binder_status.h"
+#include "log/log.h"
+#include "system/camera_metadata.h"
+#include "util/MetadataBuilder.h"
+#include "util/Util.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::IVirtualCameraCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::CameraResourceCost;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceSession;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraInjectionSession;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamConfiguration;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamRotation;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamType;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat;
+
+namespace {
+
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
+// Prefix of camera name - "device@1.1/virtual/{numerical_id}"
+const char* kDevicePathPrefix = "device@1.1/virtual/";
+
+constexpr int32_t kVgaWidth = 640;
+constexpr int32_t kVgaHeight = 480;
+constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds kMinFrameDuration30Fps = 1s / 30;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxJpegSize = 3 * 1024 * 1024 /*3MiB*/;
+
+constexpr MetadataBuilder::ControlRegion kDefaultEmptyControlRegion{};
+
+// TODO(b/301023410) - Populate camera characteristics according to camera configuration.
+CameraMetadata initCameraCharacteristics() {
+  auto metadata =
+      MetadataBuilder()
+          .setSupportedHardwareLevel(
+              ANDROID_INFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL_EXTERNAL)
+          .setFlashAvailable(false)
+          .setLensFacing(ANDROID_LENS_FACING_EXTERNAL)
+          .setSensorOrientation(0)
+          .setAvailableFaceDetectModes({ANDROID_STATISTICS_FACE_DETECT_MODE_OFF})
+          .setControlAfAvailableModes({ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_MODE_OFF})
+          .setAvailableOutputStreamConfigurations(
+              {MetadataBuilder::StreamConfiguration{
+                   .width = kVgaWidth,
+                   .height = kVgaHeight,
+                   .format =
+                       ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_FORMATS_IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED,
+                   .minFrameDuration = kMinFrameDuration30Fps,
+                   .minStallDuration = 0s},
+               MetadataBuilder::StreamConfiguration{
+                   .width = kVgaWidth,
+                   .height = kVgaHeight,
+                   .format = ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_FORMATS_YCbCr_420_888,
+                   .minFrameDuration = kMinFrameDuration30Fps,
+                   .minStallDuration = 0s},
+               {MetadataBuilder::StreamConfiguration{
+                   .width = kVgaWidth,
+                   .height = kVgaHeight,
+                   .format = ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_FORMATS_BLOB,
+                   .minFrameDuration = kMinFrameDuration30Fps,
+                   .minStallDuration = 0s}}})
+          .setControlAeAvailableFpsRange(10, 30)
+          .setControlMaxRegions(0, 0, 0)
+          .setSensorActiveArraySize(0, 0, kVgaWidth, kVgaHeight)
+          .setControlAfRegions({kDefaultEmptyControlRegion})
+          .setControlAeRegions({kDefaultEmptyControlRegion})
+          .setControlAwbRegions({kDefaultEmptyControlRegion})
+          .setControlAeCompensationRange(0, 1)
+          .setControlAeCompensationStep(camera_metadata_rational_t{0, 1})
+          .setMaxJpegSize(kMaxJpegSize)
+          .setAvailableRequestKeys({ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_MODE})
+          .setAvailableResultKeys({ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_MODE})
+          .setAvailableCapabilities(
+              {ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_BACKWARD_COMPATIBLE})
+          .setAvailableCharacteristicKeys()
+          .build();
+
+  if (metadata == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("Failed to build metadata!");
+    return CameraMetadata();
+  }
+
+  return std::move(*metadata);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+VirtualCameraDevice::VirtualCameraDevice(
+    const uint32_t cameraId,
+    std::shared_ptr<IVirtualCameraCallback> virtualCameraClientCallback)
+    : mCameraId(cameraId),
+      mVirtualCameraClientCallback(virtualCameraClientCallback) {
+  mCameraCharacteristics = initCameraCharacteristics();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraDevice::getCameraCharacteristics(
+    CameraMetadata* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+  if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+    return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  *_aidl_return = mCameraCharacteristics;
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraDevice::getPhysicalCameraCharacteristics(
+    const std::string& in_physicalCameraId, CameraMetadata* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s: physicalCameraId %s", __func__, in_physicalCameraId.c_str());
+  (void)_aidl_return;
+
+  // VTS tests expect this call to fail with illegal argument status for
+  // all publicly advertised camera ids.
+  // Because we don't support physical camera ids, we just always
+  // fail with illegal argument (there's no valid argument to provide).
+  return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraDevice::getResourceCost(
+    CameraResourceCost* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+  if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+    return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+  _aidl_return->resourceCost = 100;  // ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraDevice::isStreamCombinationSupported(
+    const StreamConfiguration& in_streams, bool* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+
+  if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+    return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  for (const auto& stream : in_streams.streams) {
+    ALOGV("%s: Configuration queried: %s", __func__, stream.toString().c_str());
+
+    if (stream.streamType == StreamType::INPUT) {
+      ALOGW("%s: Input stream type is not supported", __func__);
+      *_aidl_return = false;
+      return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+
+    // TODO(b/301023410) remove hardcoded format checks, verify against configuration.
+    if (stream.width != 640 || stream.height != 480 ||
+        stream.rotation != StreamRotation::ROTATION_0 ||
+        (stream.format != PixelFormat::IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED &&
+         stream.format != PixelFormat::YCBCR_420_888 &&
+         stream.format != PixelFormat::BLOB)) {
+      *_aidl_return = false;
+      return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+  }
+
+  *_aidl_return = true;
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+};
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraDevice::open(
+    const std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback>& in_callback,
+    std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceSession>* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+
+  *_aidl_return = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraSession>(
+      std::to_string(mCameraId), in_callback, mVirtualCameraClientCallback);
+
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+};
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraDevice::openInjectionSession(
+    const std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback>& in_callback,
+    std::shared_ptr<ICameraInjectionSession>* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+
+  (void)in_callback;
+  (void)_aidl_return;
+  return cameraStatus(Status::OPERATION_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraDevice::setTorchMode(bool in_on) {
+  ALOGV("%s: on = %s", __func__, in_on ? "on" : "off");
+  return cameraStatus(Status::OPERATION_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraDevice::turnOnTorchWithStrengthLevel(
+    int32_t in_torchStrength) {
+  ALOGV("%s: torchStrength = %d", __func__, in_torchStrength);
+  return cameraStatus(Status::OPERATION_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraDevice::getTorchStrengthLevel(
+    int32_t* _aidl_return) {
+  (void)_aidl_return;
+  return cameraStatus(Status::OPERATION_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+}
+
+binder_status_t VirtualCameraDevice::dump(int fd, const char** args,
+                                          uint32_t numArgs) {
+  // TODO(b/301023410) Implement.
+  (void)fd;
+  (void)args;
+  (void)numArgs;
+  return STATUS_OK;
+}
+
+std::string VirtualCameraDevice::getCameraName() const {
+  return std::string(kDevicePathPrefix) + std::to_string(mCameraId);
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraDevice.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraDevice.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c95b7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraDevice.h
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERADEVICE_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERADEVICE_H
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/IVirtualCameraCallback.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BnCameraDevice.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Representation of single virtual camera device, implements
+// ICameraDevice AIDL to expose camera to camera framework.
+class VirtualCameraDevice
+    : public ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BnCameraDevice {
+ public:
+  explicit VirtualCameraDevice(
+      uint32_t cameraId,
+      std::shared_ptr<
+          ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::IVirtualCameraCallback>
+          virtualCameraClientCallback = nullptr);
+
+  virtual ~VirtualCameraDevice() override = default;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus getCameraCharacteristics(
+      ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata* _aidl_return)
+      override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus getPhysicalCameraCharacteristics(
+      const std::string& in_physicalCameraId,
+      ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata* _aidl_return)
+      override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus getResourceCost(
+      ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::CameraResourceCost*
+          _aidl_return) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus isStreamCombinationSupported(
+      const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamConfiguration&
+          in_streams,
+      bool* _aidl_return) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus open(
+      const std::shared_ptr<
+          ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceCallback>&
+          in_callback,
+      std::shared_ptr<
+          ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceSession>*
+          _aidl_return) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus openInjectionSession(
+      const std::shared_ptr<
+          ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceCallback>&
+          in_callback,
+      std::shared_ptr<
+          ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraInjectionSession>*
+          _aidl_return) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus setTorchMode(bool in_on) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus turnOnTorchWithStrengthLevel(
+      int32_t in_torchStrength) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus getTorchStrengthLevel(int32_t* _aidl_return) override;
+
+  binder_status_t dump(int fd, const char** args, uint32_t numArgs) override;
+
+  // Returns unique virtual camera name in form
+  // "device@{major}.{minor}/virtual/{numerical_id}"
+  std::string getCameraName() const;
+
+ private:
+  const uint32_t mCameraId;
+  const std::shared_ptr<
+      ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::IVirtualCameraCallback>
+      mVirtualCameraClientCallback;
+
+  ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata mCameraCharacteristics;
+};
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERADEVICE_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraProvider.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraProvider.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2bdd06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraProvider.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "VirtualCameraProvider"
+#include "VirtualCameraProvider.h"
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraDevice.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/Status.h"
+#include "log/log.h"
+#include "util/Util.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::IVirtualCameraCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::CameraDeviceStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::VendorTagSection;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDevice;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::CameraIdAndStreamCombination;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ConcurrentCameraIdCombination;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ICameraProviderCallback;
+
+// TODO(b/301023410) Make camera id range configurable / dynamic
+// based on already registered devices.
+std::atomic_int VirtualCameraProvider::sNextId{42};
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraProvider::setCallback(
+    const std::shared_ptr<ICameraProviderCallback>& in_callback) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+
+  if (in_callback == nullptr) {
+    return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  {
+    const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    mCameraProviderCallback = in_callback;
+
+    for (const auto& [cameraName, _] : mCameras) {
+      auto ret = mCameraProviderCallback->cameraDeviceStatusChange(
+          cameraName, CameraDeviceStatus::PRESENT);
+      if (!ret.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to announce camera status change: %s",
+              ret.getDescription().c_str());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraProvider::getVendorTags(
+    std::vector<VendorTagSection>* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+
+  if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+    return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  // No vendor tags supported.
+  _aidl_return->clear();
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraProvider::getCameraIdList(
+    std::vector<std::string>* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+
+  if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+    return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  {
+    const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    _aidl_return->clear();
+    _aidl_return->reserve(mCameras.size());
+    for (const auto& [cameraName, _] : mCameras) {
+      _aidl_return->emplace_back(cameraName);
+    }
+  }
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraProvider::getCameraDeviceInterface(
+    const std::string& in_cameraDeviceName,
+    std::shared_ptr<ICameraDevice>* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s cameraDeviceName %s", __func__, in_cameraDeviceName.c_str());
+
+  if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+    return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  {
+    const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    const auto it = mCameras.find(in_cameraDeviceName);
+    *_aidl_return = (it == mCameras.end()) ? nullptr : it->second;
+  }
+
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraProvider::notifyDeviceStateChange(
+    int64_t in_deviceState) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+  (void)in_deviceState;
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraProvider::getConcurrentCameraIds(
+    std::vector<ConcurrentCameraIdCombination>* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+  if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+    return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  // No support for any concurrent combination.
+  _aidl_return->clear();
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraProvider::isConcurrentStreamCombinationSupported(
+    const std::vector<CameraIdAndStreamCombination>& in_configs,
+    bool* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+  (void)in_configs;
+  if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+    return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  // No support for any stream combination at the moment.
+  *_aidl_return = false;
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> VirtualCameraProvider::createCamera(
+    std::shared_ptr<IVirtualCameraCallback> virtualCameraClientCallback) {
+  auto camera = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraDevice>(
+      sNextId++, virtualCameraClientCallback);
+  std::shared_ptr<ICameraProviderCallback> callback;
+  {
+    const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    if (mCameras.find(camera->getCameraName()) != mCameras.end()) {
+      ALOGE("Camera with identical name already exists.");
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    mCameras.emplace(std::piecewise_construct,
+                     std::forward_as_tuple(camera->getCameraName()),
+                     std::forward_as_tuple(camera));
+    callback = mCameraProviderCallback;
+  }
+
+  if (callback != nullptr) {
+    auto ret = callback->cameraDeviceStatusChange(camera->getCameraName(),
+                                                  CameraDeviceStatus::PRESENT);
+    if (!ret.isOk()) {
+      ALOGE("Failed to announce camera %s status change (PRESENT): %s",
+            camera->getCameraName().c_str(), ret.getDescription().c_str());
+    }
+  }
+  return camera;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> VirtualCameraProvider::getCamera(
+    const std::string& cameraName) {
+  const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  auto it = mCameras.find(cameraName);
+  return it == mCameras.end() ? nullptr : it->second;
+}
+
+bool VirtualCameraProvider::removeCamera(const std::string& name) {
+  std::shared_ptr<ICameraProviderCallback> callback;
+  {
+    const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    auto it = mCameras.find(name);
+    if (it == mCameras.end()) {
+      ALOGE("Cannot remove camera %s: no such camera", name.c_str());
+      return false;
+    }
+    // TODO(b/301023410) Gracefully shut down camera.
+    mCameras.erase(it);
+    callback = mCameraProviderCallback;
+  }
+
+  if (callback != nullptr) {
+    auto ret = callback->cameraDeviceStatusChange(
+        name, CameraDeviceStatus::NOT_PRESENT);
+    if (!ret.isOk()) {
+      ALOGE("Failed to announce camera %s status change (NOT_PRESENT): %s",
+            name.c_str(), ret.getDescription().c_str());
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraProvider.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraProvider.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0f72fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraProvider.h
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERAPROVIDER_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERAPROVIDER_H
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraDevice.h"
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/BnVirtualCameraCallback.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/VendorTagSection.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ICameraDevice.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/provider/BnCameraProvider.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/provider/CameraIdAndStreamCombination.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/provider/ConcurrentCameraIdCombination.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/provider/ICameraProviderCallback.h"
+#include "utils/Mutex.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Entry point for virtual camera HAL.
+// Allows to create and keep track of virtual camera and implements
+// IAudioProvider AIDL interface to expose virtual camera devices to camera framework.
+class VirtualCameraProvider
+    : public ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::BnCameraProvider {
+ public:
+  ~VirtualCameraProvider() override = default;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus setCallback(
+      const std::shared_ptr<
+          ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ICameraProviderCallback>&
+          in_callback) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus getVendorTags(
+      std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::VendorTagSection>*
+          _aidl_return) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus getCameraIdList(
+      std::vector<std::string>* _aidl_return) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus getCameraDeviceInterface(
+      const std::string& in_cameraDeviceName,
+      std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDevice>*
+          _aidl_return) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus notifyDeviceStateChange(int64_t in_deviceState) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus getConcurrentCameraIds(
+      std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::
+                      ConcurrentCameraIdCombination>* _aidl_return) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus isConcurrentStreamCombinationSupported(
+      const std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::
+                            CameraIdAndStreamCombination>& in_configs,
+      bool* _aidl_return) override;
+
+  // Create new virtual camera devices
+  // Returns nullptr if creation was not successful.
+  //
+  // TODO(b/301023410) - Add camera configuration.
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> createCamera(
+      std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::IVirtualCameraCallback>
+          virtualCameraClientCallback = nullptr);
+
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> getCamera(const std::string& name);
+
+  bool removeCamera(const std::string& name);
+
+ private:
+  std::mutex mLock;
+
+  std::shared_ptr<
+      ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ICameraProviderCallback>
+      mCameraProviderCallback GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+
+  std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice>> mCameras
+      GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+
+  // Numerical id to assign to next created camera.
+  static std::atomic_int sNextId;
+};
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_SERVICES_VIRTUAL_CAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERAPROVIDER_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraRenderThread.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraRenderThread.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..582e47f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraRenderThread.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,447 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "VirtualCameraRenderThread"
+#include "VirtualCameraRenderThread.h"
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <future>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraSessionContext.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/Status.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BufferStatus.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/CameraMetadata.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/CaptureResult.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ErrorCode.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ICameraDeviceCallback.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/NotifyMsg.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ShutterMsg.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamBuffer.h"
+#include "android-base/thread_annotations.h"
+#include "android/binder_auto_utils.h"
+#include "android/hardware_buffer.h"
+#include "util/EglFramebuffer.h"
+#include "util/JpegUtil.h"
+#include "util/MetadataBuilder.h"
+#include "util/TestPatternHelper.h"
+#include "util/Util.h"
+#include "utils/Errors.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CaptureResult;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ErrorCode;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ErrorMsg;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::NotifyMsg;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ShutterMsg;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamBuffer;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat;
+using ::android::base::ScopedLockAssertion;
+
+namespace {
+
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
+static constexpr std::chrono::milliseconds kAcquireFenceTimeout = 500ms;
+
+CameraMetadata createCaptureResultMetadata(
+    const std::chrono::nanoseconds timestamp) {
+  std::unique_ptr<CameraMetadata> metadata =
+      MetadataBuilder().setSensorTimestamp(timestamp).build();
+  if (metadata == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("%s: Failed to build capture result metadata", __func__);
+    return CameraMetadata();
+  }
+  return std::move(*metadata);
+}
+
+NotifyMsg createShutterNotifyMsg(int frameNumber,
+                                 std::chrono::nanoseconds timestamp) {
+  NotifyMsg msg;
+  msg.set<NotifyMsg::Tag::shutter>(ShutterMsg{
+      .frameNumber = frameNumber,
+      .timestamp = timestamp.count(),
+  });
+  return msg;
+}
+
+NotifyMsg createBufferErrorNotifyMsg(int frameNumber, int streamId) {
+  NotifyMsg msg;
+  msg.set<NotifyMsg::Tag::error>(ErrorMsg{.frameNumber = frameNumber,
+                                          .errorStreamId = streamId,
+                                          .errorCode = ErrorCode::ERROR_BUFFER});
+  return msg;
+}
+
+NotifyMsg createRequestErrorNotifyMsg(int frameNumber) {
+  NotifyMsg msg;
+  msg.set<NotifyMsg::Tag::error>(ErrorMsg{
+      .frameNumber = frameNumber, .errorCode = ErrorCode::ERROR_REQUEST});
+  return msg;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+CaptureRequestBuffer::CaptureRequestBuffer(int streamId, int bufferId,
+                                           sp<Fence> fence)
+    : mStreamId(streamId), mBufferId(bufferId), mFence(fence) {
+}
+
+int CaptureRequestBuffer::getStreamId() const {
+  return mStreamId;
+}
+
+int CaptureRequestBuffer::getBufferId() const {
+  return mBufferId;
+}
+
+sp<Fence> CaptureRequestBuffer::getFence() const {
+  return mFence;
+}
+
+VirtualCameraRenderThread::VirtualCameraRenderThread(
+    VirtualCameraSessionContext& sessionContext, const int mWidth,
+    const int mHeight,
+    std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback> cameraDeviceCallback, bool testMode)
+    : mCameraDeviceCallback(cameraDeviceCallback),
+      mInputSurfaceWidth(mWidth),
+      mInputSurfaceHeight(mHeight),
+      mTestMode(testMode),
+      mSessionContext(sessionContext) {
+}
+
+VirtualCameraRenderThread::~VirtualCameraRenderThread() {
+  stop();
+  if (mThread.joinable()) {
+    mThread.join();
+  }
+}
+
+ProcessCaptureRequestTask::ProcessCaptureRequestTask(
+    int frameNumber, const std::vector<CaptureRequestBuffer>& requestBuffers)
+    : mFrameNumber(frameNumber), mBuffers(requestBuffers) {
+}
+
+int ProcessCaptureRequestTask::getFrameNumber() const {
+  return mFrameNumber;
+}
+
+const std::vector<CaptureRequestBuffer>& ProcessCaptureRequestTask::getBuffers()
+    const {
+  return mBuffers;
+}
+
+void VirtualCameraRenderThread::enqueueTask(
+    std::unique_ptr<ProcessCaptureRequestTask> task) {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  mQueue.emplace_back(std::move(task));
+  mCondVar.notify_one();
+}
+
+void VirtualCameraRenderThread::flush() {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  for (auto task = std::move(mQueue.front()); !mQueue.empty();
+       mQueue.pop_front()) {
+    flushCaptureRequest(*task);
+  }
+}
+
+void VirtualCameraRenderThread::start() {
+  mThread = std::thread(&VirtualCameraRenderThread::threadLoop, this);
+}
+
+void VirtualCameraRenderThread::stop() {
+  {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    mPendingExit = true;
+    mCondVar.notify_one();
+  }
+}
+
+sp<Surface> VirtualCameraRenderThread::getInputSurface() {
+  return mInputSurfacePromise.get_future().get();
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<ProcessCaptureRequestTask>
+VirtualCameraRenderThread::dequeueTask() {
+  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  // Clang's thread safety analysis doesn't perform alias analysis,
+  // so it doesn't support moveable std::unique_lock.
+  //
+  // Lock assertion below is basically explicit declaration that
+  // the lock is held in this scope, which is true, since it's only
+  // released during waiting inside mCondVar.wait calls.
+  ScopedLockAssertion lockAssertion(mLock);
+
+  mCondVar.wait(lock, [this]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
+    return mPendingExit || !mQueue.empty();
+  });
+  if (mPendingExit) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  std::unique_ptr<ProcessCaptureRequestTask> task = std::move(mQueue.front());
+  mQueue.pop_front();
+  return task;
+}
+
+void VirtualCameraRenderThread::threadLoop() {
+  ALOGV("Render thread starting");
+
+  mEglDisplayContext = std::make_unique<EglDisplayContext>();
+  mEglTextureProgram = std::make_unique<EglTextureProgram>();
+  mEglSurfaceTexture = std::make_unique<EglSurfaceTexture>(mInputSurfaceWidth,
+                                                           mInputSurfaceHeight);
+  mInputSurfacePromise.set_value(mEglSurfaceTexture->getSurface());
+
+  while (std::unique_ptr<ProcessCaptureRequestTask> task = dequeueTask()) {
+    processCaptureRequest(*task);
+  }
+
+  ALOGV("Render thread exiting");
+}
+
+void VirtualCameraRenderThread::processCaptureRequest(
+    const ProcessCaptureRequestTask& request) {
+  const std::chrono::nanoseconds timestamp =
+      std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(
+          std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch());
+
+  CaptureResult captureResult;
+  captureResult.fmqResultSize = 0;
+  captureResult.frameNumber = request.getFrameNumber();
+  captureResult.partialResult = 1;
+  captureResult.inputBuffer.streamId = -1;
+  captureResult.physicalCameraMetadata.resize(0);
+  captureResult.result = createCaptureResultMetadata(timestamp);
+
+  const std::vector<CaptureRequestBuffer>& buffers = request.getBuffers();
+  captureResult.outputBuffers.resize(buffers.size());
+
+  if (mTestMode) {
+    // In test mode let's just render something to the Surface ourselves.
+    renderTestPatternYCbCr420(mEglSurfaceTexture->getSurface(),
+                              request.getFrameNumber());
+  }
+
+  mEglSurfaceTexture->updateTexture();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < buffers.size(); ++i) {
+    const CaptureRequestBuffer& reqBuffer = buffers[i];
+    StreamBuffer& resBuffer = captureResult.outputBuffers[i];
+    resBuffer.streamId = reqBuffer.getStreamId();
+    resBuffer.bufferId = reqBuffer.getBufferId();
+    resBuffer.status = BufferStatus::OK;
+
+    const std::optional<Stream> streamConfig =
+        mSessionContext.getStreamConfig(reqBuffer.getStreamId());
+
+    if (!streamConfig.has_value()) {
+      resBuffer.status = BufferStatus::ERROR;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    auto status = streamConfig->format == PixelFormat::BLOB
+                      ? renderIntoBlobStreamBuffer(
+                            reqBuffer.getStreamId(), reqBuffer.getBufferId(),
+                            streamConfig->bufferSize, reqBuffer.getFence())
+                      : renderIntoImageStreamBuffer(reqBuffer.getStreamId(),
+                                                    reqBuffer.getBufferId(),
+                                                    reqBuffer.getFence());
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+      resBuffer.status = BufferStatus::ERROR;
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::vector<NotifyMsg> notifyMsg{
+      createShutterNotifyMsg(request.getFrameNumber(), timestamp)};
+  for (const StreamBuffer& resBuffer : captureResult.outputBuffers) {
+    if (resBuffer.status != BufferStatus::OK) {
+      notifyMsg.push_back(createBufferErrorNotifyMsg(request.getFrameNumber(),
+                                                     resBuffer.streamId));
+    }
+  }
+
+  auto status = mCameraDeviceCallback->notify(notifyMsg);
+  if (!status.isOk()) {
+    ALOGE("%s: notify call failed: %s", __func__,
+          status.getDescription().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CaptureResult>
+      captureResults(1);
+  captureResults[0] = std::move(captureResult);
+
+  status = mCameraDeviceCallback->processCaptureResult(captureResults);
+  if (!status.isOk()) {
+    ALOGE("%s: processCaptureResult call failed: %s", __func__,
+          status.getDescription().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ALOGD("%s: Successfully called processCaptureResult", __func__);
+}
+
+void VirtualCameraRenderThread::flushCaptureRequest(
+    const ProcessCaptureRequestTask& request) {
+  const std::chrono::nanoseconds timestamp =
+      std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(
+          std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch());
+
+  CaptureResult captureResult;
+  captureResult.fmqResultSize = 0;
+  captureResult.frameNumber = request.getFrameNumber();
+  captureResult.inputBuffer.streamId = -1;
+  captureResult.result = createCaptureResultMetadata(timestamp);
+
+  const std::vector<CaptureRequestBuffer>& buffers = request.getBuffers();
+  captureResult.outputBuffers.resize(buffers.size());
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < buffers.size(); ++i) {
+    const CaptureRequestBuffer& reqBuffer = buffers[i];
+    StreamBuffer& resBuffer = captureResult.outputBuffers[i];
+    resBuffer.streamId = reqBuffer.getStreamId();
+    resBuffer.bufferId = reqBuffer.getBufferId();
+    resBuffer.status = BufferStatus::ERROR;
+    sp<Fence> fence = reqBuffer.getFence();
+    if (fence != nullptr && fence->isValid()) {
+      resBuffer.releaseFence.fds.emplace_back(fence->dup());
+    }
+  }
+
+  auto status = mCameraDeviceCallback->notify(
+      {createRequestErrorNotifyMsg(request.getFrameNumber())});
+  if (!status.isOk()) {
+    ALOGE("%s: notify call failed: %s", __func__,
+          status.getDescription().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CaptureResult>
+      captureResults(1);
+  captureResults[0] = std::move(captureResult);
+
+  status = mCameraDeviceCallback->processCaptureResult(captureResults);
+  if (!status.isOk()) {
+    ALOGE("%s: processCaptureResult call failed: %s", __func__,
+          status.getDescription().c_str());
+  }
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraRenderThread::renderIntoBlobStreamBuffer(
+    const int streamId, const int bufferId, const size_t bufferSize,
+    sp<Fence> fence) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+  sp<GraphicBuffer> gBuffer = mEglSurfaceTexture->getCurrentBuffer();
+  std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> hwBuffer =
+      mSessionContext.fetchHardwareBuffer(streamId, bufferId);
+
+  AHardwareBuffer_Planes planes_info;
+
+  int32_t rawFence = fence != nullptr ? fence->get() : -1;
+  int result = AHardwareBuffer_lockPlanes(hwBuffer.get(),
+                                          AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_CPU_READ_RARELY,
+                                          rawFence, nullptr, &planes_info);
+  if (result != OK) {
+    ALOGE("%s: Failed to lock planes for BLOB buffer: %d", __func__, result);
+    return cameraStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+  }
+
+  android_ycbcr ycbcr;
+  status_t status =
+      gBuffer->lockYCbCr(AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_CPU_READ_OFTEN, &ycbcr);
+  ALOGV("Locked buffers");
+  if (status != NO_ERROR) {
+    AHardwareBuffer_unlock(hwBuffer.get(), nullptr);
+    ALOGE("%s: Failed to lock graphic buffer: %d", __func__, status);
+    return cameraStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+  }
+
+  bool success = compressJpeg(gBuffer->getWidth(), gBuffer->getHeight(), ycbcr,
+                              bufferSize, planes_info.planes[0].data);
+
+  status_t res = gBuffer->unlock();
+  if (res != NO_ERROR) {
+    ALOGE("Failed to unlock graphic buffer: %d", res);
+  }
+  AHardwareBuffer_unlock(hwBuffer.get(), nullptr);
+  ALOGV("Unlocked buffers");
+  return success ? ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()
+                 : cameraStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraRenderThread::renderIntoImageStreamBuffer(
+    int streamId, int bufferId, sp<Fence> fence) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+
+  const std::chrono::nanoseconds before =
+      std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(
+          std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch());
+
+  // Render test pattern using EGL.
+  std::shared_ptr<EglFrameBuffer> framebuffer =
+      mSessionContext.fetchOrCreateEglFramebuffer(
+          mEglDisplayContext->getEglDisplay(), streamId, bufferId);
+  if (framebuffer == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE(
+        "%s: Failed to get EGL framebuffer corresponding to buffer id "
+        "%d for streamId %d",
+        __func__, bufferId, streamId);
+    return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  // Wait for fence to clear.
+  if (fence != nullptr && fence->isValid()) {
+    status_t ret = fence->wait(kAcquireFenceTimeout.count());
+    if (ret != 0) {
+      ALOGE(
+          "Timeout while waiting for the acquire fence for buffer %d"
+          " for streamId %d",
+          bufferId, streamId);
+      return cameraStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+  }
+
+  mEglDisplayContext->makeCurrent();
+  framebuffer->beforeDraw();
+
+  mEglTextureProgram->draw(mEglSurfaceTexture->updateTexture());
+  framebuffer->afterDraw();
+
+  const std::chrono::nanoseconds after =
+      std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(
+          std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch());
+
+  ALOGV("Rendering to buffer %d, stream %d took %lld ns", bufferId, streamId,
+        after.count() - before.count());
+
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraRenderThread.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraRenderThread.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30de7c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraRenderThread.h
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERARENDERTHREAD_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERARENDERTHREAD_H
+
+#include <deque>
+#include <future>
+#include <memory>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraSessionContext.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ICameraDeviceCallback.h"
+#include "util/EglDisplayContext.h"
+#include "util/EglProgram.h"
+#include "util/EglSurfaceTexture.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Represents single output buffer of capture request.
+class CaptureRequestBuffer {
+ public:
+  CaptureRequestBuffer(int streamId, int bufferId, sp<Fence> fence = nullptr);
+
+  int getStreamId() const;
+  int getBufferId() const;
+  sp<Fence> getFence() const;
+
+ private:
+  const int mStreamId;
+  const int mBufferId;
+  const sp<Fence> mFence;
+};
+
+// Represents single capture request to fill set of buffers.
+class ProcessCaptureRequestTask {
+ public:
+  ProcessCaptureRequestTask(
+      int frameNumber, const std::vector<CaptureRequestBuffer>& requestBuffers);
+
+  // Returns frame number corresponding to the request.
+  int getFrameNumber() const;
+
+  // Get reference to vector describing output buffers corresponding
+  // to this request.
+  //
+  // Note that the vector is owned by the ProcessCaptureRequestTask instance,
+  // so it cannot be access outside of its lifetime.
+  const std::vector<CaptureRequestBuffer>& getBuffers() const;
+
+ private:
+  const int mFrameNumber;
+  const std::vector<CaptureRequestBuffer> mBuffers;
+};
+
+// Wraps dedicated rendering thread and rendering business with corresponding
+// input surface.
+class VirtualCameraRenderThread {
+ public:
+  // Create VirtualCameraRenderThread instance:
+  // * sessionContext - VirtualCameraSessionContext reference for shared access
+  // to mapped buffers.
+  // * inputWidth - requested width of input surface ("virtual camera sensor")
+  // * inputHeight - requested height of input surface ("virtual camera sensor")
+  // * cameraDeviceCallback - callback for corresponding camera instance
+  // * testMode - when set to true, test pattern is rendered to input surface
+  // before each capture request is processed to simulate client input.
+  VirtualCameraRenderThread(
+      VirtualCameraSessionContext& sessionContext, int inputWidth,
+      int inputHeight,
+      std::shared_ptr<
+          ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceCallback>
+          cameraDeviceCallback,
+      bool testMode = false);
+
+  ~VirtualCameraRenderThread();
+
+  // Start rendering thread.
+  void start();
+  // Stop rendering thread.
+  void stop();
+
+  // Equeue capture task for processing on render thread.
+  void enqueueTask(std::unique_ptr<ProcessCaptureRequestTask> task)
+      EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Flush all in-flight requests.
+  void flush() EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Returns input surface corresponding to "virtual camera sensor".
+  sp<Surface> getInputSurface();
+
+ private:
+  std::unique_ptr<ProcessCaptureRequestTask> dequeueTask() EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Rendering thread entry point.
+  void threadLoop();
+
+  // Process single capture request task (always called on render thread).
+  void processCaptureRequest(const ProcessCaptureRequestTask& captureRequestTask);
+
+  // Flush single capture request task returning the error status immediately.
+  void flushCaptureRequest(const ProcessCaptureRequestTask& captureRequestTask);
+
+  // TODO(b/301023410) - Refactor the actual rendering logic off this class for
+  // easier testability.
+
+  // Render current image to the BLOB buffer.
+  // If fence is specified, this function will block until the fence is cleared
+  // before writing to the buffer.
+  // Always called on render thread.
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus renderIntoBlobStreamBuffer(const int streamId,
+                                                const int bufferId,
+                                                const size_t bufferSize,
+                                                sp<Fence> fence = nullptr);
+
+  // Render current image to the YCbCr buffer.
+  // If fence is specified, this function will block until the fence is cleared
+  // before writing to the buffer.
+  // Always called on render thread.
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus renderIntoImageStreamBuffer(int streamId, int bufferId,
+                                                 sp<Fence> fence = nullptr);
+
+  // Camera callback
+  const std::shared_ptr<
+      ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceCallback>
+      mCameraDeviceCallback;
+
+  const int mInputSurfaceWidth;
+  const int mInputSurfaceHeight;
+  const int mTestMode;
+
+  VirtualCameraSessionContext& mSessionContext;
+
+  std::thread mThread;
+
+  // Blocking queue implementation.
+  std::mutex mLock;
+  std::deque<std::unique_ptr<ProcessCaptureRequestTask>> mQueue GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+  std::condition_variable mCondVar;
+  volatile bool mPendingExit GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+
+  // EGL helpers - constructed and accessed only from rendering thread.
+  std::unique_ptr<EglDisplayContext> mEglDisplayContext;
+  std::unique_ptr<EglTextureProgram> mEglTextureProgram;
+  std::unique_ptr<EglSurfaceTexture> mEglSurfaceTexture;
+
+  std::promise<sp<Surface>> mInputSurfacePromise;
+};
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERARENDERTHREAD_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraService.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraService.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62dc08b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraService.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#include "android/binder_status.h"
+#define LOG_TAG "VirtualCameraService"
+#include "VirtualCameraService.h"
+
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraDevice.h"
+#include "VirtualCameraProvider.h"
+#include "android/binder_auto_utils.h"
+#include "android/binder_libbinder.h"
+#include "binder/Status.h"
+
+using ::android::binder::Status;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::VirtualCameraConfiguration;
+
+namespace {
+
+constexpr char kEnableTestCameraCmd[] = "enable_test_camera";
+constexpr char kDisableTestCameraCmd[] = "disable_test_camera";
+constexpr char kShellCmdHelp[] = R"(
+Available commands:
+ * enable_test_camera
+ * disable_test_camera
+)";
+
+}  // namespace
+
+VirtualCameraService::VirtualCameraService(
+    std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraProvider> virtualCameraProvider)
+    : mVirtualCameraProvider(virtualCameraProvider) {
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraService::registerCamera(
+    const ::ndk::SpAIBinder& token,
+    const VirtualCameraConfiguration& configuration, bool* _aidl_return) {
+  (void)configuration;
+  if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+        Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+  *_aidl_return = true;
+
+  std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+  if (mTokenToCameraName.find(token) != mTokenToCameraName.end()) {
+    ALOGE(
+        "Attempt to register camera corresponding to already registered binder "
+        "token: "
+        "0x%" PRIxPTR,
+        reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(token.get()));
+    *_aidl_return = false;
+  }
+
+  // TODO(b/301023410) Validate configuration and pass it to the camera.
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> camera =
+      mVirtualCameraProvider->createCamera(configuration.virtualCameraCallback);
+  if (camera == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("Failed to create camera for binder token 0x%" PRIxPTR,
+          reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(token.get()));
+    *_aidl_return = false;
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+        Status::EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC);
+  }
+
+  mTokenToCameraName[token] = camera->getCameraName();
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraService::unregisterCamera(
+    const ::ndk::SpAIBinder& token) {
+  std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+
+  auto it = mTokenToCameraName.find(token);
+  if (it == mTokenToCameraName.end()) {
+    ALOGE(
+        "Attempt to unregister camera corresponding to unknown binder token: "
+        "0x%" PRIxPTR,
+        reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(token.get()));
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+  }
+
+  mVirtualCameraProvider->removeCamera(it->second);
+
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> VirtualCameraService::getCamera(
+    const ::ndk::SpAIBinder& token) {
+  if (token == nullptr) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+  auto it = mTokenToCameraName.find(token);
+  if (it == mTokenToCameraName.end()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  return mVirtualCameraProvider->getCamera(it->second);
+}
+
+binder_status_t VirtualCameraService::handleShellCommand(int in, int out,
+                                                         int err,
+                                                         const char** args,
+                                                         uint32_t numArgs) {
+  if (numArgs <= 0) {
+    dprintf(out, kShellCmdHelp);
+  }
+
+  if (args == nullptr || args[0] == nullptr) {
+    return STATUS_BAD_VALUE;
+  }
+  const char* const cmd = args[0];
+  if (strcmp(kEnableTestCameraCmd, cmd) == 0) {
+    enableTestCameraCmd(in, err);
+  } else if (strcmp(kDisableTestCameraCmd, cmd) == 0) {
+    disableTestCameraCmd(in);
+  } else {
+    dprintf(out, kShellCmdHelp);
+  }
+
+  fsync(out);
+  return STATUS_OK;
+}
+
+void VirtualCameraService::enableTestCameraCmd(const int out, const int err) {
+  if (mTestCameraToken != nullptr) {
+    dprintf(out, "Test camera is already enabled (%s).",
+            getCamera(mTestCameraToken)->getCameraName().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  sp<BBinder> token = sp<BBinder>::make();
+  mTestCameraToken.set(AIBinder_fromPlatformBinder(token));
+
+  bool ret;
+  registerCamera(mTestCameraToken, VirtualCameraConfiguration(), &ret);
+  if (ret) {
+    dprintf(out, "Successfully registered test camera %s",
+            getCamera(mTestCameraToken)->getCameraName().c_str());
+  } else {
+    dprintf(err, "Failed to create test camera");
+  }
+}
+
+void VirtualCameraService::disableTestCameraCmd(const int out) {
+  if (mTestCameraToken == nullptr) {
+    dprintf(out, "Test camera is not registered.");
+  }
+  unregisterCamera(mTestCameraToken);
+  mTestCameraToken.set(nullptr);
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraService.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraService.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf68c1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraService.h
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERASERVICE_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERASERVICE_H
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraDevice.h"
+#include "VirtualCameraProvider.h"
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/BnVirtualCameraService.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Implementation of Virtual Camera Service for managing virtual camera devices.
+class VirtualCameraService
+    : public aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::BnVirtualCameraService {
+ public:
+  VirtualCameraService(
+      std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraProvider> virtualCameraProvider);
+
+  // Register camera corresponding to the binder token.
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus registerCamera(
+      const ::ndk::SpAIBinder& token,
+      const ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::VirtualCameraConfiguration&
+          configuration,
+      bool* _aidl_return) override EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Unregisters camera corresponding to the binder token.
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus unregisterCamera(const ::ndk::SpAIBinder& token) override
+      EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Returns VirtualCameraDevice corresponding to binder token or nullptr if
+  // there's no camera asociated with the token.
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> getCamera(const ::ndk::SpAIBinder& token)
+      EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Handle cmd shell commands `adb shell cmd virtual_camera_service` [args].
+  binder_status_t handleShellCommand(int in, int out, int err, const char** args,
+                                     uint32_t numArgs) override;
+
+ private:
+  // Create and enable test camera instance if there's none.
+  void enableTestCameraCmd(int out, int err);
+  // Disable and destroy test camera instance if there's one.
+  void disableTestCameraCmd(int out);
+
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraProvider> mVirtualCameraProvider;
+
+  std::mutex mLock;
+  struct BinderTokenHash {
+    std::size_t operator()(const ::ndk::SpAIBinder& key) const {
+      return std::hash<void*>{}(reinterpret_cast<void*>(key.get()));
+    }
+  };
+  // Map Binder tokens to names of cameras managed by camera provider.
+  std::unordered_map<::ndk::SpAIBinder, std::string, BinderTokenHash>
+      mTokenToCameraName GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+
+  // Local binder token for test camera instance, or nullptr if there's none.
+  ::ndk::SpAIBinder mTestCameraToken;
+};
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERASERVICE_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraSession.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraSession.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55678b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraSession.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "VirtualCameraSession"
+#include "VirtualCameraSession.h"
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <optional>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "CameraMetadata.h"
+#include "EGL/egl.h"
+#include "VirtualCameraRenderThread.h"
+#include "VirtualCameraStream.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/Status.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BufferCache.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BufferStatus.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/CaptureRequest.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/HalStream.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/NotifyMsg.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ShutterMsg.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamBuffer.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamConfiguration.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamRotation.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/BufferUsage.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/PixelFormat.h"
+#include "android/hardware_buffer.h"
+#include "android/native_window_aidl.h"
+#include "fmq/AidlMessageQueue.h"
+#include "system/camera_metadata.h"
+#include "ui/GraphicBuffer.h"
+#include "util/EglDisplayContext.h"
+#include "util/EglFramebuffer.h"
+#include "util/EglProgram.h"
+#include "util/JpegUtil.h"
+#include "util/MetadataBuilder.h"
+#include "util/TestPatternHelper.h"
+#include "util/Util.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::Format;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::IVirtualCameraCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferCache;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraOfflineSessionInfo;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CaptureRequest;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::HalStream;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraOfflineSession;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::RequestTemplate;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamBuffer;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamConfiguration;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamRotation;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::MQDescriptor;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::SynchronizedReadWrite;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::BufferUsage;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat;
+using ::android::base::unique_fd;
+
+namespace {
+
+using metadata_ptr =
+    std::unique_ptr<camera_metadata_t, void (*)(camera_metadata_t*)>;
+
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
+// Size of request/result metadata fast message queue.
+// Setting to 0 to always disables FMQ.
+static constexpr size_t kMetadataMsgQueueSize = 0;
+
+// Maximum number of buffers to use per single stream.
+static constexpr size_t kMaxStreamBuffers = 2;
+
+CameraMetadata createDefaultRequestSettings(RequestTemplate type) {
+  hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata metadataHelper;
+
+  camera_metadata_enum_android_control_capture_intent_t intent =
+      ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT_PREVIEW;
+  switch (type) {
+    case RequestTemplate::PREVIEW:
+      intent = ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT_PREVIEW;
+      break;
+    case RequestTemplate::STILL_CAPTURE:
+      intent = ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT_STILL_CAPTURE;
+      break;
+    case RequestTemplate::VIDEO_RECORD:
+      intent = ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT_VIDEO_RECORD;
+      break;
+    case RequestTemplate::VIDEO_SNAPSHOT:
+      intent = ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT_VIDEO_SNAPSHOT;
+      break;
+    default:
+      // Leave default.
+      break;
+  }
+
+  auto metadata = MetadataBuilder().setControlCaptureIntent(intent).build();
+  return (metadata != nullptr) ? std::move(*metadata) : CameraMetadata();
+}
+
+HalStream getHalStream(const Stream& stream) {
+  HalStream halStream;
+  halStream.id = stream.id;
+  halStream.physicalCameraId = stream.physicalCameraId;
+  halStream.maxBuffers = kMaxStreamBuffers;
+
+  if (stream.format == PixelFormat::IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED) {
+    // If format is implementation defined we need it to override
+    // it with actual format.
+    // TODO(b/301023410) Override with the format based on the
+    // camera configuration, once we support more formats.
+    halStream.overrideFormat = PixelFormat::YCBCR_420_888;
+  } else {
+    halStream.overrideFormat = stream.format;
+  }
+  halStream.overrideDataSpace = stream.dataSpace;
+
+  halStream.producerUsage = BufferUsage::GPU_RENDER_TARGET;
+  halStream.supportOffline = false;
+  return halStream;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+VirtualCameraSession::VirtualCameraSession(
+    const std::string& cameraId,
+    std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback> cameraDeviceCallback,
+    std::shared_ptr<IVirtualCameraCallback> virtualCameraClientCallback)
+    : mCameraId(cameraId),
+      mCameraDeviceCallback(cameraDeviceCallback),
+      mVirtualCameraClientCallback(virtualCameraClientCallback) {
+  mRequestMetadataQueue = std::make_unique<RequestMetadataQueue>(
+      kMetadataMsgQueueSize, false /* non blocking */);
+  if (!mRequestMetadataQueue->isValid()) {
+    ALOGE("%s: invalid request fmq", __func__);
+  }
+
+  mResultMetadataQueue = std::make_shared<ResultMetadataQueue>(
+      kMetadataMsgQueueSize, false /* non blocking */);
+  if (!mResultMetadataQueue->isValid()) {
+    ALOGE("%s: invalid result fmq", __func__);
+  }
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraSession::close() {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+
+  if (mVirtualCameraClientCallback != nullptr) {
+    mVirtualCameraClientCallback->onStreamClosed(/*streamId=*/0);
+  }
+
+  mSessionContext.closeAllStreams();
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraSession::configureStreams(
+    const StreamConfiguration& in_requestedConfiguration,
+    std::vector<HalStream>* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s: requestedConfiguration: %s", __func__,
+        in_requestedConfiguration.toString().c_str());
+
+  if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+    return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  mSessionContext.removeStreamsNotInStreamConfiguration(
+      in_requestedConfiguration);
+
+  auto& streams = in_requestedConfiguration.streams;
+  auto& halStreams = *_aidl_return;
+  halStreams.clear();
+  halStreams.resize(in_requestedConfiguration.streams.size());
+
+  sp<Surface> inputSurface = nullptr;
+  int inputWidth;
+  int inputHeight;
+
+  {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    for (int i = 0; i < in_requestedConfiguration.streams.size(); ++i) {
+      // TODO(b/301023410) remove hardcoded format checks, verify against configuration.
+      if (streams[i].width != 640 || streams[i].height != 480 ||
+          streams[i].rotation != StreamRotation::ROTATION_0 ||
+          (streams[i].format != PixelFormat::IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED &&
+           streams[i].format != PixelFormat::YCBCR_420_888 &&
+           streams[i].format != PixelFormat::BLOB)) {
+        halStreams.clear();
+        return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+      }
+      halStreams[i] = getHalStream(streams[i]);
+      if (mSessionContext.initializeStream(streams[i])) {
+        ALOGV("Configured new stream: %s", streams[i].toString().c_str());
+      }
+    }
+
+    inputWidth = streams[0].width;
+    inputHeight = streams[0].height;
+    if (mRenderThread == nullptr) {
+      // If there's no client callback, start camera in test mode.
+      const bool testMode = mVirtualCameraClientCallback == nullptr;
+      mRenderThread = std::make_unique<VirtualCameraRenderThread>(
+          mSessionContext, inputWidth, inputHeight, mCameraDeviceCallback,
+          testMode);
+      mRenderThread->start();
+      inputSurface = mRenderThread->getInputSurface();
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (mVirtualCameraClientCallback != nullptr && inputSurface != nullptr) {
+    // TODO(b/301023410) Pass streamId based on client input stream id once
+    // support for multiple input streams is implemented. For now we always
+    // create single texture.
+    mVirtualCameraClientCallback->onStreamConfigured(
+        /*streamId=*/0, aidl::android::view::Surface(inputSurface.get()),
+        inputWidth, inputHeight, Format::YUV_420_888);
+  }
+
+  mFirstRequest.store(true);
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraSession::constructDefaultRequestSettings(
+    RequestTemplate in_type, CameraMetadata* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s: type %d", __func__, static_cast<int32_t>(in_type));
+
+  switch (in_type) {
+    case RequestTemplate::PREVIEW:
+    case RequestTemplate::STILL_CAPTURE:
+    case RequestTemplate::VIDEO_RECORD: {
+      *_aidl_return = createDefaultRequestSettings(in_type);
+      return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    case RequestTemplate::VIDEO_SNAPSHOT:
+    case RequestTemplate::MANUAL:
+    case RequestTemplate::ZERO_SHUTTER_LAG:
+      // Don't support VIDEO_SNAPSHOT, MANUAL, ZSL templates
+      return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+          static_cast<int32_t>(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT));
+      ;
+    default:
+      ALOGE("%s: unknown request template type %d", __FUNCTION__,
+            static_cast<int>(in_type));
+      return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+          static_cast<int32_t>(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT));
+      ;
+  }
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraSession::flush() {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  mRenderThread->flush();
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraSession::getCaptureRequestMetadataQueue(
+    MQDescriptor<int8_t, SynchronizedReadWrite>* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+  *_aidl_return = mRequestMetadataQueue->dupeDesc();
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraSession::getCaptureResultMetadataQueue(
+    MQDescriptor<int8_t, SynchronizedReadWrite>* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+  *_aidl_return = mResultMetadataQueue->dupeDesc();
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraSession::isReconfigurationRequired(
+    const CameraMetadata& in_oldSessionParams,
+    const CameraMetadata& in_newSessionParams, bool* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s: oldSessionParams: %s newSessionParams: %s", __func__,
+        in_newSessionParams.toString().c_str(),
+        in_oldSessionParams.toString().c_str());
+
+  if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+        static_cast<int32_t>(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT));
+  }
+
+  *_aidl_return = true;
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraSession::processCaptureRequest(
+    const std::vector<CaptureRequest>& in_requests,
+    const std::vector<BufferCache>& in_cachesToRemove, int32_t* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+
+  if (!in_cachesToRemove.empty()) {
+    mSessionContext.removeBufferCaches(in_cachesToRemove);
+  }
+
+  for (const auto& captureRequest : in_requests) {
+    auto status = processCaptureRequest(captureRequest);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+      return status;
+    }
+  }
+  *_aidl_return = in_requests.size();
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraSession::signalStreamFlush(
+    const std::vector<int32_t>& in_streamIds, int32_t in_streamConfigCounter) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+
+  (void)in_streamIds;
+  (void)in_streamConfigCounter;
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraSession::switchToOffline(
+    const std::vector<int32_t>& in_streamsToKeep,
+    CameraOfflineSessionInfo* out_offlineSessionInfo,
+    std::shared_ptr<ICameraOfflineSession>* _aidl_return) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+
+  (void)in_streamsToKeep;
+  (void)out_offlineSessionInfo;
+
+  if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+        static_cast<int32_t>(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT));
+  }
+
+  *_aidl_return = nullptr;
+  return cameraStatus(Status::OPERATION_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraSession::repeatingRequestEnd(
+    int32_t in_frameNumber, const std::vector<int32_t>& in_streamIds) {
+  ALOGV("%s", __func__);
+  (void)in_frameNumber;
+  (void)in_streamIds;
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+std::set<int> VirtualCameraSession::getStreamIds() const {
+  return mSessionContext.getStreamIds();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus VirtualCameraSession::processCaptureRequest(
+    const CaptureRequest& request) {
+  ALOGD("%s: request: %s", __func__, request.toString().c_str());
+
+  if (mFirstRequest.exchange(false) && request.settings.metadata.empty()) {
+    return cameraStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+  }
+
+  std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback> cameraCallback = nullptr;
+  {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    cameraCallback = mCameraDeviceCallback;
+  }
+
+  if (cameraCallback == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE(
+        "%s: processCaptureRequest called, but there's no camera callback "
+        "configured",
+        __func__);
+    return cameraStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+  }
+
+  if (!mSessionContext.importBuffersFromCaptureRequest(request)) {
+    ALOGE("Failed to import buffers from capture request.");
+    return cameraStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+  }
+
+  std::vector<CaptureRequestBuffer> taskBuffers;
+  taskBuffers.reserve(request.outputBuffers.size());
+  for (const StreamBuffer& streamBuffer : request.outputBuffers) {
+    taskBuffers.emplace_back(streamBuffer.streamId, streamBuffer.bufferId,
+                             importFence(streamBuffer.acquireFence));
+  }
+
+  {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    if (mRenderThread == nullptr) {
+      ALOGE(
+          "%s: processCaptureRequest (frameNumber %d)called before configure "
+          "(render thread not initialized)",
+          __func__, request.frameNumber);
+      return cameraStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+    mRenderThread->enqueueTask(std::make_unique<ProcessCaptureRequestTask>(
+        request.frameNumber, taskBuffers));
+  }
+
+  if (mVirtualCameraClientCallback != nullptr) {
+    auto status = mVirtualCameraClientCallback->onProcessCaptureRequest(
+        /*streamId=*/0, request.frameNumber);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+      ALOGE(
+          "Failed to invoke onProcessCaptureRequest client callback for frame "
+          "%d",
+          request.frameNumber);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraSession.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraSession.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..440720e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraSession.h
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERASESSION_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERASESSION_H
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <set>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraRenderThread.h"
+#include "VirtualCameraSessionContext.h"
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/IVirtualCameraCallback.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BnCameraDeviceSession.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ICameraDeviceCallback.h"
+#include "utils/Mutex.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+struct AidlMessageQueue;
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Implementation of ICameraDeviceSession AIDL interface to allow camera
+// framework to read image data from open virtual camera device. This class
+// encapsulates possibly several image streams for the same session.
+class VirtualCameraSession
+    : public ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BnCameraDeviceSession {
+ public:
+  // Construct new virtual camera session.
+  // When virtualCameraClientCallback is null, the input surface will be filled
+  // with test pattern.
+  VirtualCameraSession(
+      const std::string& cameraId,
+      std::shared_ptr<
+          ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceCallback>
+          cameraDeviceCallback,
+      std::shared_ptr<
+          ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::IVirtualCameraCallback>
+          virtualCameraClientCallback = nullptr);
+
+  virtual ~VirtualCameraSession() override = default;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus close() override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus configureStreams(
+      const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamConfiguration&
+          in_requestedConfiguration,
+      std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::HalStream>*
+          _aidl_return) override EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus constructDefaultRequestSettings(
+      ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::RequestTemplate in_type,
+      ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata* _aidl_return)
+      override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus flush() override EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus getCaptureRequestMetadataQueue(
+      ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::MQDescriptor<
+          int8_t, ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::SynchronizedReadWrite>*
+          _aidl_return) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus getCaptureResultMetadataQueue(
+      ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::MQDescriptor<
+          int8_t, ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::SynchronizedReadWrite>*
+          _aidl_return) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus isReconfigurationRequired(
+      const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata&
+          in_oldSessionParams,
+      const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata&
+          in_newSessionParams,
+      bool* _aidl_return) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus processCaptureRequest(
+      const std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CaptureRequest>&
+          in_requests,
+      const std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferCache>&
+          in_cachesToRemove,
+      int32_t* _aidl_return) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus signalStreamFlush(const std::vector<int32_t>& in_streamIds,
+                                       int32_t in_streamConfigCounter) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus switchToOffline(
+      const std::vector<int32_t>& in_streamsToKeep,
+      ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraOfflineSessionInfo*
+          out_offlineSessionInfo,
+      std::shared_ptr<
+          ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraOfflineSession>*
+          _aidl_return) override;
+
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus repeatingRequestEnd(
+      int32_t in_frameNumber, const std::vector<int32_t>& in_streamIds) override;
+
+  std::set<int> getStreamIds() const EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+ private:
+  ndk::ScopedAStatus processCaptureRequest(
+      const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CaptureRequest& request)
+      EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  const std::string mCameraId;
+
+  mutable std::mutex mLock;
+
+  std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceCallback>
+      mCameraDeviceCallback GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+
+  const std::shared_ptr<
+      ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::IVirtualCameraCallback>
+      mVirtualCameraClientCallback;
+
+  VirtualCameraSessionContext mSessionContext;
+
+  using RequestMetadataQueue = AidlMessageQueue<
+      int8_t, ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::SynchronizedReadWrite>;
+  std::unique_ptr<RequestMetadataQueue> mRequestMetadataQueue;
+
+  using ResultMetadataQueue = AidlMessageQueue<
+      int8_t, ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::SynchronizedReadWrite>;
+  std::shared_ptr<ResultMetadataQueue> mResultMetadataQueue;
+
+  std::atomic_bool mFirstRequest{true};
+
+  std::unique_ptr<VirtualCameraRenderThread> mRenderThread GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+};
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_SERVICES_VIRTUAL_CAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERASESSION_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraSessionContext.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraSessionContext.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..284ad05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraSessionContext.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "VirtualCameraSessionContext.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraStream.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamConfiguration.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferCache;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamBuffer;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamConfiguration;
+
+bool VirtualCameraSessionContext::initializeStream(
+    const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream& stream) {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+
+  auto s = std::make_unique<VirtualCameraStream>(stream);
+
+  const auto& [_, newlyInserted] = mStreams.emplace(
+      std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(stream.id),
+      std::forward_as_tuple(std::move(s)));
+  return newlyInserted;
+}
+
+void VirtualCameraSessionContext::closeAllStreams() {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  mStreams.clear();
+}
+
+bool VirtualCameraSessionContext::importBuffersFromCaptureRequest(
+    const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CaptureRequest&
+        captureRequest) {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+
+  for (const StreamBuffer& buffer : captureRequest.outputBuffers) {
+    auto it = mStreams.find(buffer.streamId);
+    if (it == mStreams.end()) {
+      ALOGE("%s: Cannot import buffer for unknown stream with id %d", __func__,
+            buffer.streamId);
+      return false;
+    }
+    VirtualCameraStream& stream = *it->second;
+    if (stream.getHardwareBuffer(buffer.bufferId) != nullptr) {
+      // This buffer is already imported.
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (stream.importBuffer(buffer) == nullptr) {
+      ALOGE("%s: Failed to import buffer %" PRId64 " for streamId %d", __func__,
+            buffer.bufferId, buffer.streamId);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void VirtualCameraSessionContext::removeBufferCaches(
+    const std::vector<BufferCache>& cachesToRemove) {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  for (const auto& bufferCache : cachesToRemove) {
+    auto it = mStreams.find(bufferCache.streamId);
+    if (it == mStreams.end()) {
+      ALOGE("%s: Ask to remove buffer %" PRId64 " from unknown stream %d",
+            __func__, bufferCache.bufferId, bufferCache.streamId);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (it->second->removeBuffer(bufferCache.bufferId)) {
+      ALOGD("%s: Successfully removed buffer %" PRId64
+            " from cache of stream %d",
+            __func__, bufferCache.bufferId, bufferCache.streamId);
+    } else {
+      ALOGE("%s: Failed to remove buffer %" PRId64 " from cache of stream %d",
+            __func__, bufferCache.bufferId, bufferCache.streamId);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void VirtualCameraSessionContext::removeStreamsNotInStreamConfiguration(
+    const StreamConfiguration& streamConfiguration) {
+  std::unordered_set<int> newConfigurationStreamIds;
+  for (const Stream& stream : streamConfiguration.streams) {
+    newConfigurationStreamIds.insert(stream.id);
+  }
+
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  for (auto it = mStreams.begin(); it != mStreams.end();) {
+    if (newConfigurationStreamIds.find(it->first) ==
+        newConfigurationStreamIds.end()) {
+      ALOGV(
+          "Disposing of stream %d, since it is not referenced by new "
+          "configuration.",
+          it->first);
+      it = mStreams.erase(it);
+    } else {
+      ++it;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+std::optional<Stream> VirtualCameraSessionContext::getStreamConfig(
+    int streamId) const {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  auto it = mStreams.find(streamId);
+  if (it == mStreams.end()) {
+    ALOGE("%s: StreamBuffer references buffer of unknown streamId %d", __func__,
+          streamId);
+    return std::optional<Stream>();
+  }
+  return {it->second->getStreamConfig()};
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> VirtualCameraSessionContext::fetchHardwareBuffer(
+    const int streamId, const int bufferId) const {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  auto it = mStreams.find(streamId);
+  if (it == mStreams.end()) {
+    ALOGE("%s: StreamBuffer references buffer of unknown streamId %d", __func__,
+          streamId);
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  return it->second->getHardwareBuffer(bufferId);
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<EglFrameBuffer>
+VirtualCameraSessionContext::fetchOrCreateEglFramebuffer(
+    const EGLDisplay eglDisplay, const int streamId, const int bufferId) {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  auto it = mStreams.find(streamId);
+  if (it == mStreams.end()) {
+    ALOGE("%s: StreamBuffer references buffer of unknown streamId %d", __func__,
+          streamId);
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  return it->second->getEglFrameBuffer(eglDisplay, bufferId);
+}
+
+std::set<int> VirtualCameraSessionContext::getStreamIds() const {
+  std::set<int> result;
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  for (const auto& [streamId, _] : mStreams) {
+    result.insert(streamId);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraSessionContext.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraSessionContext.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5cf5f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraSessionContext.h
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERASESSIONCONTEXT_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERASESSIONCONTEXT_H
+
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <set>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraStream.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BufferCache.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/CaptureRequest.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/Stream.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamConfiguration.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Encapsulates set of streams belonging to the same camera session.
+class VirtualCameraSessionContext {
+ public:
+  // (Re)initialize the stream.
+  //
+  // Returns true if the stream is initialized for the first time.
+  bool initializeStream(
+      const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream& stream)
+      EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Close all streams and free all asociated buffers.
+  void closeAllStreams() EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Remove no longer needed buffers.
+  void removeBufferCaches(
+      const std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferCache>&
+          cachesToRemove) EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Remove all streams not referenced by provided configuration.
+  void removeStreamsNotInStreamConfiguration(
+      const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamConfiguration&
+          streamConfiguration) EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Importored all not-yet imported buffers referenced by the capture request.
+  bool importBuffersFromCaptureRequest(
+      const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CaptureRequest&
+          captureRequest) EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Get stream configuration for provided stream id.
+  // Returns nullopt in case there's no stream with provided stream id.
+  std::optional<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream>
+  getStreamConfig(int streamId) const EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Get hardware buffer for provided streamId & bufferId.
+  // Returns nullptr in case there's no such buffer.
+  std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> fetchHardwareBuffer(int streamId,
+                                                       int bufferId) const
+      EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Get EGL framebuffer for provided EGL display, streamId & buffer id.
+  //
+  // This will also lazily create EglFrameBuffer for the provided EGLDisplay
+  // connection and will cache it (subsequent calls for same EGLDisplay and
+  // buffer will return same instance of EglFrameBuffer).
+  //
+  // Returns nullptr in case there's no such buffer or it was not possible
+  // to create EglFrameBuffer.
+  std::shared_ptr<EglFrameBuffer> fetchOrCreateEglFramebuffer(
+      const EGLDisplay eglDisplay, int streamId, int bufferId) EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Returns set of all stream ids managed by this instance.
+  std::set<int> getStreamIds() const EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+ private:
+  mutable std::mutex mLock;
+  // streamId -> VirtualCameraStream mapping.
+  std::map<int, std::unique_ptr<VirtualCameraStream>> mStreams GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+};
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERASESSIONCONTEXT_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraStream.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraStream.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03da171
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraStream.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "VirtualCameraStream"
+#include "VirtualCameraStream.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "EGL/egl.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/Stream.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamBuffer.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/PixelFormat.h"
+#include "aidlcommonsupport/NativeHandle.h"
+#include "android/hardware_buffer.h"
+#include "cutils/native_handle.h"
+#include "ui/GraphicBuffer.h"
+#include "ui/GraphicBufferMapper.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamBuffer;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::common::NativeHandle;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat;
+
+namespace {
+
+sp<GraphicBuffer> createBlobGraphicBuffer(GraphicBufferMapper& mapper,
+                                          buffer_handle_t bufferHandle) {
+  uint64_t allocationSize;
+  uint64_t usage;
+  uint64_t layerCount;
+  if (mapper.getAllocationSize(bufferHandle, &allocationSize) != NO_ERROR ||
+      mapper.getUsage(bufferHandle, &usage) != NO_ERROR ||
+      mapper.getLayerCount(bufferHandle, &layerCount) != NO_ERROR) {
+    ALOGE("Error fetching metadata for the imported BLOB buffer handle.");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  return sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(
+      bufferHandle, GraphicBuffer::HandleWrapMethod::TAKE_HANDLE,
+      allocationSize, /*height=*/1, static_cast<int>(ui::PixelFormat::BLOB),
+      layerCount, usage, 0);
+}
+
+sp<GraphicBuffer> createYCbCr420GraphicBuffer(GraphicBufferMapper& mapper,
+                                              buffer_handle_t bufferHandle) {
+  uint64_t width;
+  uint64_t height;
+  uint64_t usage;
+  uint64_t layerCount;
+  if (mapper.getWidth(bufferHandle, &width) != NO_ERROR ||
+      mapper.getHeight(bufferHandle, &height) != NO_ERROR ||
+      mapper.getUsage(bufferHandle, &usage) != NO_ERROR ||
+      mapper.getLayerCount(bufferHandle, &layerCount) != NO_ERROR) {
+    ALOGE("Error fetching metadata for the imported YCbCr420 buffer handle.");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  return sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(
+      bufferHandle, GraphicBuffer::HandleWrapMethod::TAKE_HANDLE, width, height,
+      static_cast<int>(ui::PixelFormat::YCBCR_420_888), /*layers=*/1, usage,
+      width);
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> importBufferInternal(
+    const NativeHandle& aidlHandle, const Stream& streamConfig) {
+  if (aidlHandle.fds.empty()) {
+    ALOGE("Empty handle - nothing to import");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  std::unique_ptr<native_handle_t, int (*)(native_handle_t*)> nativeHandle(
+      ::android::makeFromAidl(aidlHandle), native_handle_delete);
+
+  GraphicBufferMapper& mapper = GraphicBufferMapper::get();
+
+  buffer_handle_t bufferHandle;
+  // Use importBufferNoValidate to rely on ground-truth metadata passed along
+  // the buffer.
+  int ret = mapper.importBufferNoValidate(nativeHandle.get(), &bufferHandle);
+  if (ret != NO_ERROR) {
+    ALOGE("Failed to import buffer handle: %d", ret);
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  sp<GraphicBuffer> buf =
+      streamConfig.format == PixelFormat::BLOB
+          ? createBlobGraphicBuffer(mapper, bufferHandle)
+          : createYCbCr420GraphicBuffer(mapper, bufferHandle);
+
+  if (buf->initCheck() != NO_ERROR) {
+    ALOGE("Imported graphic buffer is not correcly initialized.");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  AHardwareBuffer* rawPtr = buf->toAHardwareBuffer();
+  AHardwareBuffer_acquire(rawPtr);
+
+  return std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer>(buf->toAHardwareBuffer(),
+                                          AHardwareBuffer_release);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+VirtualCameraStream::VirtualCameraStream(const Stream& stream)
+    : mStreamConfig(stream) {
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> VirtualCameraStream::importBuffer(
+    const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamBuffer& buffer) {
+  auto hwBufferPtr = importBufferInternal(buffer.buffer, mStreamConfig);
+  if (hwBufferPtr != nullptr) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    mBuffers.emplace(std::piecewise_construct,
+                     std::forward_as_tuple(buffer.bufferId),
+                     std::forward_as_tuple(hwBufferPtr));
+  }
+  return hwBufferPtr;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> VirtualCameraStream::getHardwareBuffer(
+    const int bufferId) {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+  return getHardwareBufferLocked(bufferId);
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<EglFrameBuffer> VirtualCameraStream::getEglFrameBuffer(
+    const EGLDisplay eglDisplay, const int bufferId) {
+  const FramebufferMapKey key(bufferId, eglDisplay);
+
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+
+  auto it = mEglFramebuffers.find(key);
+  if (it != mEglFramebuffers.end()) {
+    return it->second;
+  }
+
+  std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> hwBufferPtr =
+      getHardwareBufferLocked(bufferId);
+  if (hwBufferPtr == nullptr) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  std::shared_ptr<EglFrameBuffer> framebufferPtr =
+      std::make_shared<EglFrameBuffer>(eglDisplay, hwBufferPtr);
+  mEglFramebuffers.emplace(std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(key),
+                           std::forward_as_tuple(framebufferPtr));
+
+  return framebufferPtr;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> VirtualCameraStream::getHardwareBufferLocked(
+    const int bufferId) {
+  auto it = mBuffers.find(bufferId);
+  return it != mBuffers.end() ? it->second : nullptr;
+}
+
+bool VirtualCameraStream::removeBuffer(int bufferId) {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+
+  return mBuffers.erase(bufferId) == 1;
+}
+
+Stream VirtualCameraStream::getStreamConfig() const {
+  return mStreamConfig;
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraStream.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraStream.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d76d05c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraStream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERASTREAM_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERASTREAM_H
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include "EGL/egl.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/Stream.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamBuffer.h"
+#include "android/hardware_buffer.h"
+#include "util/EglFramebuffer.h"
+#include "utils/Mutex.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Encapsulates buffer management for the set of buffers belonging to the single
+// camera stream.
+class VirtualCameraStream {
+ public:
+  VirtualCameraStream(
+      const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream& stream);
+
+  std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> importBuffer(
+      const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamBuffer& streamBuffer);
+
+  // Get AHardwareBuffer instance corresponding to StreamBuffer from camera AIDL.
+  // In case this is the first occurrence of the buffer, this will perform mapping
+  // and stores hardware buffer in cache for further use.
+  //
+  // Returns nullptr in case buffer cannot be mapped or retrieved from the cache.
+  std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> getHardwareBuffer(int bufferId)
+      EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  std::shared_ptr<EglFrameBuffer> getEglFrameBuffer(const EGLDisplay eglDisplay,
+                                                    int bufferId)
+      EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Un-maps the previously mapped buffer and removes it from the stream cache.
+  // Returns true if removal is successful, false otherwise.
+  bool removeBuffer(int bufferId) EXCLUDES(mLock);
+
+  // Returns AIDL Stream instance containing configuration of this stream.
+  ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream getStreamConfig() const;
+
+ private:
+  std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> getHardwareBufferLocked(int bufferId)
+      REQUIRES(mLock);
+
+  const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream mStreamConfig;
+  std::mutex mLock;
+
+  // Cache for already mapped buffers, mapping bufferId -> AHardwareBuffer instance.
+  std::unordered_map<int, std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer>> mBuffers
+      GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+
+  using FramebufferMapKey = std::pair<int, EGLDisplay>;
+  struct FramebufferMapKeyHash {
+    std::size_t operator()(const FramebufferMapKey& key) const {
+      return std::hash<int>{}(key.first) ^
+             (std::hash<void*>{}(reinterpret_cast<void*>(key.second)) << 1);
+    }
+  };
+  std::unordered_map<FramebufferMapKey, std::shared_ptr<EglFrameBuffer>,
+                     FramebufferMapKeyHash>
+      mEglFramebuffers GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+};
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_VIRTUALCAMERASTREAM_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/Android.bp b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9105b09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+aidl_interface {
+    name: "virtual_camera_service_aidl",
+    unstable: true,
+    srcs: [
+        "android/companion/virtualcamera/Format.aidl",
+        "android/companion/virtualcamera/IVirtualCameraCallback.aidl",
+        "android/companion/virtualcamera/IVirtualCameraService.aidl",
+        "android/companion/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraConfiguration.aidl",
+        "android/companion/virtualcamera/SupportedStreamConfiguration.aidl",
+    ],
+    local_include_dir: ".",
+    include_dirs: [
+        "frameworks/native/aidl/gui",
+    ],
+    backend: {
+        cpp: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
+        ndk: {
+            enabled: true,
+            additional_shared_libraries: [
+                "libnativewindow",
+            ],
+            min_sdk_version: "34",
+        },
+        java: {
+            enabled: true,
+            platform_apis: true,
+        }
+    },
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/Format.aidl b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/Format.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9b90a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/Format.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.companion.virtualcamera;
+
+/**
+ * Pixel format supported by a virtual camera stream.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@Backing(type="int")
+enum Format {
+    UNKNOWN = 0,
+    YUV_420_888 = 0x23,
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/IVirtualCameraCallback.aidl b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/IVirtualCameraCallback.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbe03e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/IVirtualCameraCallback.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.companion.virtualcamera;
+
+import android.companion.virtualcamera.Format;
+import android.view.Surface;
+
+/**
+ * AIDL Interface to receive callbacks from virtual camera instance.
+ * @hide
+ */
+oneway interface IVirtualCameraCallback {
+
+    /**
+     * Called when there's new video stream. This callback is send after clients opens and
+     * configures camera. Implementation should hold onto the surface until corresponding
+     * terminateStream call is received.
+     *
+     * @param streamId - id of the video stream.
+     * @param surface - Surface representing the virtual camera sensor.
+     * @param width - width of the surface.
+     * @param height - height of the surface.
+     * @param pixelFormat - pixel format of the surface.
+     */
+    void onStreamConfigured(int streamId, in Surface surface, int width, int height, in Format pixelFormat);
+
+    /**
+     * Called when framework requests capture. This can be used by the client as a hint
+     * to render another frame into input surface.
+     *
+     * @param streamId - id of the stream corresponding to the Surface for which next
+     *     frame is requested.
+     * @param frameId - id of the requested frame.
+     */
+    void onProcessCaptureRequest(int streamId, int frameId);
+
+    /**
+     * Called when the corresponding stream is no longer in use. Implementation should dispose of
+     * corresponding Surface upon receiving this call and no longer interact with it.
+     *
+     * @param streamId - id of the video stream to terminate.
+     */
+    void onStreamClosed(int streamId);
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/IVirtualCameraService.aidl b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/IVirtualCameraService.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af8324a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/IVirtualCameraService.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.companion.virtualcamera;
+
+import android.companion.virtualcamera.VirtualCameraConfiguration;
+
+/**
+ * AIDL Interface to communicate with the VirtualCamera HAL
+ * @hide
+ */
+interface IVirtualCameraService {
+
+    /**
+     * Registers a new camera with the virtual camera hal.
+     * @return true if the camera was successfully registered
+     */
+    boolean registerCamera(in IBinder token, in VirtualCameraConfiguration configuration);
+
+    /**
+     * Unregisters the camera from the virtual camera hal. After this call the virtual camera won't
+     * be visible to the camera framework anymore.
+     */
+    void unregisterCamera(in IBinder token);
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/SupportedStreamConfiguration.aidl b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/SupportedStreamConfiguration.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7070cbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/SupportedStreamConfiguration.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.companion.virtualcamera;
+
+import android.companion.virtualcamera.Format;
+
+/**
+ * Configuration supported by virtual camera owner.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+parcelable SupportedStreamConfiguration {
+    int width;
+    int height;
+    Format pixelFormat = Format.UNKNOWN;
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraConfiguration.aidl b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraConfiguration.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1a2f22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraConfiguration.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.companion.virtualcamera;
+
+import android.companion.virtualcamera.IVirtualCameraCallback;
+import android.companion.virtualcamera.SupportedStreamConfiguration;
+
+/**
+ * Configuration of virtual camera instance.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+parcelable VirtualCameraConfiguration {
+    SupportedStreamConfiguration[] supportedStreamConfigs;
+    IVirtualCameraCallback virtualCameraCallback;
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/fuzzer/Android.bp b/services/camera/virtualcamera/fuzzer/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71e8f50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/fuzzer/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/******************************************************************************
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ *****************************************************************************/
+ package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "virtual_camera_fuzzer",
+    defaults: [
+        "libvirtualcamera_defaults",
+        "service_fuzzer_defaults",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libvirtualcamera",
+        "libvirtualcamera_utils",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "virtual_camera_fuzzer.cc",
+    ],
+    fuzz_config: {
+        cc: [
+            "if-xr+fuzzer@google.com",
+        ],
+        componentid: 1171888,
+        hotlists: [
+            "5426614",
+        ],
+        description: "The fuzzers target the APIs of virtual_camera binary",
+    },
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/fuzzer/virtual_camera_fuzzer.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/fuzzer/virtual_camera_fuzzer.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebd5e73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/fuzzer/virtual_camera_fuzzer.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/binder_interface_utils.h>
+#include <fuzzbinder/libbinder_ndk_driver.h>
+#include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraProvider.h"
+#include "VirtualCameraService.h"
+
+using android::fuzzService;
+using ::android::companion::virtualcamera::VirtualCameraProvider;
+using ::android::companion::virtualcamera::VirtualCameraService;
+using ndk::SharedRefBase;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraProvider> defaultProvider =
+      SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraProvider>();
+
+  fuzzService(defaultProvider->asBinder().get(), FuzzedDataProvider(data, size));
+
+  const std::string serviceName =
+      std::string(VirtualCameraProvider::descriptor) + "/virtual/0";
+  auto binder = SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraService>(defaultProvider);
+
+  fuzzService(binder->asBinder().get(), FuzzedDataProvider(data, size));
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/main.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/main.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7e9c38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/main.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "VirtualCamera"
+
+#include <android/binder_stability.h>
+
+#include <cstddef>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraProvider.h"
+#include "VirtualCameraService.h"
+#include "android-base/logging.h"
+#include "android/binder_manager.h"
+#include "android/binder_process.h"
+#include "log/log.h"
+
+using ::android::companion::virtualcamera::VirtualCameraProvider;
+using ::android::companion::virtualcamera::VirtualCameraService;
+
+namespace {
+// Default recommended RPC thread count for camera provider implementations
+const int HWBINDER_THREAD_COUNT = 6;
+
+constexpr char kVirtualCameraServiceName[] = "virtual_camera";
+}  // namespace
+
+int main() {
+  ALOGI("CameraProvider: virtual webcam service is starting.");
+
+  ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(HWBINDER_THREAD_COUNT);
+
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraProvider> defaultProvider =
+      ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraProvider>();
+  const std::string serviceName =
+      std::string(VirtualCameraProvider::descriptor) + "/virtual/0";
+
+  auto aidlBinder = defaultProvider->asBinder();
+  AIBinder_forceDowngradeToLocalStability(aidlBinder.get());
+  binder_exception_t ret =
+      AServiceManager_addService(aidlBinder.get(), serviceName.c_str());
+  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(
+      ret != EX_NONE,
+      "Error while registering virtual camera provider service: %d", ret);
+
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraService> virtualCameraService =
+      ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraService>(defaultProvider);
+  ret = AServiceManager_addService(virtualCameraService->asBinder().get(),
+                                   kVirtualCameraServiceName);
+  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(ret != EX_NONE,
+                      "Error while registering virtual camera service: %d", ret);
+
+  ABinderProcess_joinThreadPool();
+  return EXIT_FAILURE;  // should not reach
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/Android.bp b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c30779c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "virtual_camera_tests",
+    defaults: [
+        "libvirtualcamera_defaults",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libvirtualcamera",
+        "libvirtualcamera_utils",
+        "libgtest",
+        "libgmock",
+    ],
+    srcs: ["EglUtilTest.cc",
+           "VirtualCameraProviderTest.cc",
+           "VirtualCameraRenderThreadTest.cc",
+           "VirtualCameraServiceTest.cc",
+           "VirtualCameraSessionTest.cc"],
+    test_suites: ["device-tests"],
+}
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/EglUtilTest.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/EglUtilTest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86fc50c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/EglUtilTest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "util/EglDisplayContext.h"
+#include "util/EglProgram.h"
+#include "util/EglUtil.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+namespace {
+
+constexpr char kGlExtYuvTarget[] = "GL_EXT_YUV_target";
+
+TEST(EglDisplayContextTest, SuccessfulInitialization) {
+  EglDisplayContext displayContext;
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(displayContext.isInitialized());
+}
+
+class EglProgramTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ public:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mEglDisplayContext.isInitialized());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mEglDisplayContext.makeCurrent());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  EglDisplayContext mEglDisplayContext;
+};
+
+TEST_F(EglProgramTest, EglTestPatternProgramSuccessfulInit) {
+  EglTestPatternProgram eglTestPatternProgram;
+
+  // Verify the shaders compiled and linked successfully.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(eglTestPatternProgram.isInitialized());
+}
+
+TEST_F(EglProgramTest, EglTextureProgramSuccessfulInit) {
+  if (!isGlExtensionSupported(kGlExtYuvTarget)) {
+    GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping test because of missing required GL extension "
+                 << kGlExtYuvTarget;
+  }
+
+  EglTextureProgram eglTextureProgram;
+
+  // Verify the shaders compiled and linked successfully.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(eglTextureProgram.isInitialized());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraProviderTest.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraProviderTest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03fc2c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraProviderTest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraProvider.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/CameraDeviceStatus.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/Status.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/TorchModeStatus.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/provider/BnCameraProviderCallback.h"
+#include "android/binder_auto_utils.h"
+#include "android/binder_interface_utils.h"
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "util/Util.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+namespace {
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::CameraDeviceStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::TorchModeStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::BnCameraProviderCallback;
+using ::testing::_;
+using ::testing::ElementsAre;
+using ::testing::Eq;
+using ::testing::IsEmpty;
+using ::testing::IsNull;
+using ::testing::MatchesRegex;
+using ::testing::Not;
+using ::testing::Return;
+
+constexpr char kVirtualCameraNameRegex[] =
+    "device@[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+/virtual/[0-9]+";
+
+class MockCameraProviderCallback : public BnCameraProviderCallback {
+ public:
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, cameraDeviceStatusChange,
+              (const std::string&, CameraDeviceStatus), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, torchModeStatusChange,
+              (const std::string&, TorchModeStatus), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, physicalCameraDeviceStatusChange,
+              (const std::string&, const std::string&, CameraDeviceStatus),
+              (override));
+};
+
+class VirtualCameraProviderTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ public:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    mCameraProvider = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraProvider>();
+    mMockCameraProviderCallback =
+        ndk::SharedRefBase::make<MockCameraProviderCallback>();
+    ON_CALL(*mMockCameraProviderCallback, cameraDeviceStatusChange)
+        .WillByDefault([](const std::string&, CameraDeviceStatus) {
+          return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        });
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraProvider> mCameraProvider;
+  std::shared_ptr<MockCameraProviderCallback> mMockCameraProviderCallback =
+      ndk::SharedRefBase::make<MockCameraProviderCallback>();
+};
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraProviderTest, SetNullCameraCallbackFails) {
+  // Attempting to set callback to nullptr should fail.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(mCameraProvider->setCallback(nullptr).isOk());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraProviderTest, NoCamerasInitially) {
+  std::vector<std::string> cameras;
+
+  // Initially, the camera provider should return empty list
+  // of cameras.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->getCameraIdList(&cameras).isOk());
+  EXPECT_THAT(cameras, IsEmpty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraProviderTest, CreateCamera) {
+  // When new camera is created, we expect
+  // cameraDeviceStatusChange to be called exactly once with
+  // PRESENT status.
+  EXPECT_CALL(*mMockCameraProviderCallback,
+              cameraDeviceStatusChange(_, CameraDeviceStatus::PRESENT))
+      .WillOnce(Return(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->setCallback(mMockCameraProviderCallback).isOk());
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> camera = mCameraProvider->createCamera();
+  EXPECT_THAT(camera, Not(IsNull()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(camera->getCameraName(), MatchesRegex(kVirtualCameraNameRegex));
+
+  // Created camera should be in the list of cameras.
+  std::vector<std::string> cameraIds;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->getCameraIdList(&cameraIds).isOk());
+  EXPECT_THAT(cameraIds, ElementsAre(camera->getCameraName()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraProviderTest, CreateCameraBeforeCallbackIsSet) {
+  // We expect cameraDeviceStatusChange to be invoked even when the
+  // setCallback configures the callback after camera is already created.
+  EXPECT_CALL(*mMockCameraProviderCallback,
+              cameraDeviceStatusChange(_, CameraDeviceStatus::PRESENT))
+      .WillOnce(Return(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()));
+
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> camera = mCameraProvider->createCamera();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->setCallback(mMockCameraProviderCallback).isOk());
+
+  // Created camera should be in the list of cameras.
+  std::vector<std::string> cameraIds;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->getCameraIdList(&cameraIds).isOk());
+  EXPECT_THAT(cameraIds, ElementsAre(camera->getCameraName()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraProviderTest, RemoveCamera) {
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->setCallback(mMockCameraProviderCallback).isOk());
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> camera = mCameraProvider->createCamera();
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(*mMockCameraProviderCallback,
+              cameraDeviceStatusChange(Eq(camera->getCameraName()),
+                                       CameraDeviceStatus::NOT_PRESENT))
+      .WillOnce(Return(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->removeCamera(camera->getCameraName()));
+
+  // There are no cameras present after only camera is removed.
+  std::vector<std::string> cameraIds;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->getCameraIdList(&cameraIds).isOk());
+  EXPECT_THAT(cameraIds, IsEmpty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraProviderTest, RemoveNonExistingCamera) {
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->setCallback(mMockCameraProviderCallback).isOk());
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraDevice> camera = mCameraProvider->createCamera();
+
+  // Removing non-existing camera should fail.
+  const std::string cameraName = "DefinitelyNoTCamera";
+  EXPECT_FALSE(mCameraProvider->removeCamera(cameraName));
+
+  // Camera should be still present in the camera list.
+  std::vector<std::string> cameraIds;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->getCameraIdList(&cameraIds).isOk());
+  EXPECT_THAT(cameraIds, ElementsAre(camera->getCameraName()));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraRenderThreadTest.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraRenderThreadTest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e40d16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraRenderThreadTest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraRenderThread.h"
+#include "VirtualCameraSessionContext.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/CameraDeviceStatus.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/TorchModeStatus.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BnCameraDeviceCallback.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BufferRequest.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BufferRequestStatus.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BufferStatus.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/CaptureResult.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/NotifyMsg.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamBuffer.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamBufferRet.h"
+#include "android/binder_auto_utils.h"
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+namespace {
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::CameraDeviceStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::TorchModeStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BnCameraDeviceCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferRequest;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferRequestStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CaptureResult;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ErrorMsg;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::NotifyMsg;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamBuffer;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamBufferRet;
+using ::testing::AllOf;
+using ::testing::ElementsAre;
+using ::testing::Eq;
+using ::testing::Field;
+using ::testing::Matcher;
+using ::testing::Property;
+using ::testing::Return;
+using ::testing::SizeIs;
+
+constexpr int kInputWidth = 640;
+constexpr int kInputHeight = 480;
+
+Matcher<StreamBuffer> IsStreamBufferWithStatus(const int streamId,
+                                               const int bufferId,
+                                               const BufferStatus status) {
+  return AllOf(Field(&StreamBuffer::streamId, Eq(streamId)),
+               Field(&StreamBuffer::bufferId, Eq(bufferId)),
+               Field(&StreamBuffer::status, Eq(status)));
+}
+
+Matcher<NotifyMsg> IsRequestErrorNotifyMsg(const int frameId) {
+  return AllOf(Property(&NotifyMsg::getTag, Eq(NotifyMsg::error)),
+               Property(&NotifyMsg::get<NotifyMsg::error>,
+                        Field(&ErrorMsg::frameNumber, Eq(frameId))));
+}
+
+class MockCameraDeviceCallback : public BnCameraDeviceCallback {
+ public:
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, notify, (const std::vector<NotifyMsg>&),
+              (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, processCaptureResult,
+              (const std::vector<CaptureResult>&), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, requestStreamBuffers,
+              (const std::vector<BufferRequest>&, std::vector<StreamBufferRet>*,
+               BufferRequestStatus*),
+              (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, returnStreamBuffers,
+              (const std::vector<StreamBuffer>&), (override));
+};
+
+class VirtualCameraRenderThreadTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ public:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    mSessionContext = std::make_unique<VirtualCameraSessionContext>();
+    mMockCameraDeviceCallback =
+        ndk::SharedRefBase::make<MockCameraDeviceCallback>();
+    mRenderThread = std::make_unique<VirtualCameraRenderThread>(
+        *mSessionContext, kInputWidth, kInputHeight, mMockCameraDeviceCallback);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  std::unique_ptr<VirtualCameraSessionContext> mSessionContext;
+  std::unique_ptr<VirtualCameraRenderThread> mRenderThread;
+  std::shared_ptr<MockCameraDeviceCallback> mMockCameraDeviceCallback;
+};
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraRenderThreadTest, FlushReturnsErrorForInFlightRequests) {
+  const int frameNumber = 42;
+  const int firstStreamId = 1;
+  const int firstStreamBufferId = 1234;
+  const int secondStreamId = 7;
+  const int secondStreamBufferId = 4321;
+
+  // Notify should be called with the error set to corresponding frame.
+  EXPECT_CALL(*mMockCameraDeviceCallback,
+              notify(ElementsAre(IsRequestErrorNotifyMsg(frameNumber))))
+      .WillOnce(Return(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()));
+
+  // Process capture result should be called with all buffers in error state.
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      *mMockCameraDeviceCallback,
+      processCaptureResult(ElementsAre(AllOf(
+          Field(&CaptureResult::frameNumber, frameNumber),
+          Field(&CaptureResult::outputBuffers,
+                testing::UnorderedElementsAre(
+                    IsStreamBufferWithStatus(firstStreamId, firstStreamBufferId,
+                                             BufferStatus::ERROR),
+                    IsStreamBufferWithStatus(secondStreamId, secondStreamBufferId,
+                                             BufferStatus::ERROR)))))))
+      .WillOnce([]() { return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok(); });
+
+  mRenderThread->enqueueTask(std::make_unique<ProcessCaptureRequestTask>(
+      frameNumber,
+      std::vector<CaptureRequestBuffer>{
+          CaptureRequestBuffer(firstStreamId, firstStreamBufferId),
+          CaptureRequestBuffer(secondStreamId, secondStreamBufferId)}));
+
+  mRenderThread->flush();
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraServiceTest.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraServiceTest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4fd0b3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraServiceTest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraService.h"
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/BnVirtualCameraCallback.h"
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/VirtualCameraConfiguration.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/provider/BnCameraProviderCallback.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/PixelFormat.h"
+#include "android/binder_auto_utils.h"
+#include "android/binder_interface_utils.h"
+#include "android/binder_libbinder.h"
+#include "android/binder_status.h"
+#include "binder/Binder.h"
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "utils/Errors.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+namespace {
+
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::BnVirtualCameraCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::VirtualCameraConfiguration;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::CameraDeviceStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::TorchModeStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::BnCameraProviderCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat;
+using ::aidl::android::view::Surface;
+using ::testing::_;
+using ::testing::Eq;
+using ::testing::Ge;
+using ::testing::IsEmpty;
+using ::testing::IsNull;
+using ::testing::Not;
+using ::testing::SizeIs;
+
+const VirtualCameraConfiguration kEmptyVirtualCameraConfiguration;
+
+class MockCameraProviderCallback : public BnCameraProviderCallback {
+ public:
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, cameraDeviceStatusChange,
+              (const std::string&, CameraDeviceStatus), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, torchModeStatusChange,
+              (const std::string&, TorchModeStatus), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, physicalCameraDeviceStatusChange,
+              (const std::string&, const std::string&, CameraDeviceStatus),
+              (override));
+};
+
+class VirtualCameraServiceTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ public:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    mCameraProvider = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraProvider>();
+    mMockCameraProviderCallback =
+        ndk::SharedRefBase::make<MockCameraProviderCallback>();
+    ON_CALL(*mMockCameraProviderCallback, cameraDeviceStatusChange)
+        .WillByDefault([](const std::string&, CameraDeviceStatus) {
+          return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        });
+    mCameraProvider->setCallback(mMockCameraProviderCallback);
+    mCameraService =
+        ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraService>(mCameraProvider);
+
+    mDevNullFd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
+    ASSERT_THAT(mDevNullFd, Ge(0));
+  }
+
+  void createCamera() {
+    mOwnerToken = sp<BBinder>::make();
+    mNdkOwnerToken.set(AIBinder_fromPlatformBinder(mOwnerToken));
+    bool aidlRet;
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraService
+                    ->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken,
+                                     kEmptyVirtualCameraConfiguration, &aidlRet)
+                    .isOk());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(aidlRet);
+  }
+
+  void TearDown() override {
+    close(mDevNullFd);
+  }
+
+  void execute_shell_command(const std::string cmd) {
+    std::array<const char*, 1> args{cmd.data()};
+    ASSERT_THAT(
+        mCameraService->handleShellCommand(mDevNullFd, mDevNullFd, mDevNullFd,
+                                           args.data(), args.size()),
+        Eq(NO_ERROR));
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraService> mCameraService;
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraProvider> mCameraProvider;
+  std::shared_ptr<MockCameraProviderCallback> mMockCameraProviderCallback =
+      ndk::SharedRefBase::make<MockCameraProviderCallback>();
+
+  sp<BBinder> mOwnerToken;
+  ndk::SpAIBinder mNdkOwnerToken;
+
+  int mDevNullFd;
+};
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, RegisterCameraSucceeds) {
+  sp<BBinder> token = sp<BBinder>::make();
+  ndk::SpAIBinder ndkToken(AIBinder_fromPlatformBinder(token));
+  bool aidlRet;
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      mCameraService
+          ->registerCamera(ndkToken, kEmptyVirtualCameraConfiguration, &aidlRet)
+          .isOk());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(aidlRet);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, RegisterCameraTwiceSecondReturnsFalse) {
+  createCamera();
+  bool aidlRet;
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mCameraService
+                  ->registerCamera(mNdkOwnerToken,
+                                   kEmptyVirtualCameraConfiguration, &aidlRet)
+                  .isOk());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(aidlRet);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, GetCamera) {
+  createCamera();
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(mCameraService->getCamera(mNdkOwnerToken), Not(IsNull()));
+
+  sp<BBinder> otherToken = sp<BBinder>::make();
+  EXPECT_THAT(mCameraService->getCamera(
+                  ndk::SpAIBinder(AIBinder_fromPlatformBinder(otherToken))),
+              IsNull());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, UnregisterCamera) {
+  createCamera();
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(mCameraService->getCamera(mNdkOwnerToken), Not(IsNull()));
+
+  mCameraService->unregisterCamera(mNdkOwnerToken);
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(mCameraService->getCamera(mNdkOwnerToken), IsNull());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, UnregisterCameraWithUnknownToken) {
+  createCamera();
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(mCameraService->getCamera(mNdkOwnerToken), Not(IsNull()));
+
+  auto otherToken = sp<BBinder>::make();
+  ndk::SpAIBinder ndkOtherToken(AIBinder_fromPlatformBinder(otherToken));
+  mCameraService->unregisterCamera(ndkOtherToken);
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(mCameraService->getCamera(mNdkOwnerToken), Not(IsNull()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, ShellCmdWithNullArgs) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(mCameraService->handleShellCommand(
+                /*in=*/mDevNullFd, /*out=*/mDevNullFd, /*err=*/mDevNullFd,
+                /*args=*/nullptr, /*numArgs=*/1),
+            STATUS_BAD_VALUE);
+
+  std::array<const char*, 1> args{nullptr};
+  EXPECT_EQ(mCameraService->handleShellCommand(
+                /*in=*/mDevNullFd, /*out=*/mDevNullFd, /*err=*/mDevNullFd,
+                args.data(), /*numArgs=*/1),
+            STATUS_BAD_VALUE);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraServiceTest, TestCameraShellCmd) {
+  execute_shell_command("enable_test_camera");
+
+  std::vector<std::string> cameraIds;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->getCameraIdList(&cameraIds).isOk());
+  EXPECT_THAT(cameraIds, SizeIs(1));
+
+  execute_shell_command("disable_test_camera");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(mCameraProvider->getCameraIdList(&cameraIds).isOk());
+  EXPECT_THAT(cameraIds, IsEmpty());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraSessionTest.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraSessionTest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5da080b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/tests/VirtualCameraSessionTest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "VirtualCameraSession.h"
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/BnVirtualCameraCallback.h"
+#include "aidl/android/companion/virtualcamera/IVirtualCameraCallback.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BnCameraDeviceCallback.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamConfiguration.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/PixelFormat.h"
+#include "android/binder_auto_utils.h"
+#include "android/binder_interface_utils.h"
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "util/MetadataBuilder.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+namespace {
+
+constexpr int kWidth = 640;
+constexpr int kHeight = 480;
+constexpr int kStreamId = 0;
+const std::string kCameraName = "virtual_camera";
+
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::BnVirtualCameraCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::companion::virtualcamera::Format;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BnCameraDeviceCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferRequest;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferRequestStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CaptureRequest;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CaptureResult;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::HalStream;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::NotifyMsg;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamBuffer;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamBufferRet;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamConfiguration;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat;
+using ::aidl::android::view::Surface;
+using ::testing::_;
+using ::testing::ElementsAre;
+using ::testing::Eq;
+using ::testing::Return;
+using ::testing::SizeIs;
+
+Stream createStream(int streamId, int width, int height, PixelFormat format) {
+  Stream s;
+  s.id = streamId;
+  s.width = width;
+  s.height = height;
+  s.format = format;
+  return s;
+}
+
+class MockCameraDeviceCallback : public BnCameraDeviceCallback {
+ public:
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, notify, (const std::vector<NotifyMsg>&),
+              (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, processCaptureResult,
+              (const std::vector<CaptureResult>&), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, requestStreamBuffers,
+              (const std::vector<BufferRequest>&, std::vector<StreamBufferRet>*,
+               BufferRequestStatus*),
+              (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, returnStreamBuffers,
+              (const std::vector<StreamBuffer>&), (override));
+};
+
+class MockVirtualCameraCallback : public BnVirtualCameraCallback {
+ public:
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, onStreamConfigured,
+              (int, const Surface&, int32_t, int32_t, Format), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, onProcessCaptureRequest, (int, int),
+              (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(ndk::ScopedAStatus, onStreamClosed, (int), (override));
+};
+
+class VirtualCameraSessionTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ public:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    mMockCameraDeviceCallback =
+        ndk::SharedRefBase::make<MockCameraDeviceCallback>();
+    mMockVirtualCameraClientCallback =
+        ndk::SharedRefBase::make<MockVirtualCameraCallback>();
+    mVirtualCameraSession = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VirtualCameraSession>(
+        kCameraName, mMockCameraDeviceCallback,
+        mMockVirtualCameraClientCallback);
+
+    ON_CALL(*mMockVirtualCameraClientCallback, onStreamConfigured)
+        .WillByDefault(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok);
+    ON_CALL(*mMockVirtualCameraClientCallback, onProcessCaptureRequest)
+        .WillByDefault(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  std::shared_ptr<MockCameraDeviceCallback> mMockCameraDeviceCallback;
+  std::shared_ptr<MockVirtualCameraCallback> mMockVirtualCameraClientCallback;
+  std::shared_ptr<VirtualCameraSession> mVirtualCameraSession;
+};
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraSessionTest, ConfigureTriggersClientConfigureCallback) {
+  PixelFormat format = PixelFormat::YCBCR_420_888;
+  StreamConfiguration streamConfiguration;
+  streamConfiguration.streams = {
+      createStream(kStreamId, kWidth, kHeight, format)};
+  std::vector<HalStream> halStreams;
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      *mMockVirtualCameraClientCallback,
+      onStreamConfigured(kStreamId, _, kWidth, kHeight, Format::YUV_420_888));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      mVirtualCameraSession->configureStreams(streamConfiguration, &halStreams)
+          .isOk());
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(halStreams, SizeIs(streamConfiguration.streams.size()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(mVirtualCameraSession->getStreamIds(), ElementsAre(0));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraSessionTest, SecondConfigureDropsUnreferencedStreams) {
+  PixelFormat format = PixelFormat::YCBCR_420_888;
+  StreamConfiguration streamConfiguration;
+  std::vector<HalStream> halStreams;
+
+  streamConfiguration.streams = {createStream(0, kWidth, kHeight, format),
+                                 createStream(1, kWidth, kHeight, format),
+                                 createStream(2, kWidth, kHeight, format)};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      mVirtualCameraSession->configureStreams(streamConfiguration, &halStreams)
+          .isOk());
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(mVirtualCameraSession->getStreamIds(), ElementsAre(0, 1, 2));
+
+  streamConfiguration.streams = {createStream(0, kWidth, kHeight, format),
+                                 createStream(2, kWidth, kHeight, format),
+                                 createStream(3, kWidth, kHeight, format)};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      mVirtualCameraSession->configureStreams(streamConfiguration, &halStreams)
+          .isOk());
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(mVirtualCameraSession->getStreamIds(), ElementsAre(0, 2, 3));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraSessionTest, CloseTriggersClientTerminateCallback) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(*mMockVirtualCameraClientCallback, onStreamClosed(kStreamId))
+      .WillOnce(Return(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mVirtualCameraSession->close().isOk());
+}
+
+TEST_F(VirtualCameraSessionTest, onProcessCaptureRequestTriggersClientCallback) {
+  StreamConfiguration streamConfiguration;
+  streamConfiguration.streams = {
+      createStream(kStreamId, kWidth, kHeight, PixelFormat::YCBCR_420_888)};
+  std::vector<CaptureRequest> requests(1);
+  requests[0].frameNumber = 42;
+  requests[0].settings = *(
+      MetadataBuilder().setControlAfMode(ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_MODE_AUTO).build());
+
+  std::vector<HalStream> halStreams;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      mVirtualCameraSession->configureStreams(streamConfiguration, &halStreams)
+          .isOk());
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(*mMockVirtualCameraClientCallback,
+              onProcessCaptureRequest(kStreamId, requests[0].frameNumber))
+      .WillOnce(Return(ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()));
+  int32_t aidlReturn = 0;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mVirtualCameraSession
+                  ->processCaptureRequest(requests, /*in_cachesToRemove=*/{},
+                                          &aidlReturn)
+                  .isOk());
+  EXPECT_THAT(aidlReturn, Eq(requests.size()));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglDisplayContext.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglDisplayContext.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d343a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglDisplayContext.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "EglDisplayContext"
+#define EGL_EGLEXT_PROTOTYPES
+#define GL_GLEXT_PROTOTYPES
+
+#include "EglDisplayContext.h"
+
+#include "EGL/egl.h"
+#include "EglDisplayContext.h"
+#include "EglFramebuffer.h"
+#include "log/log.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+EglDisplayContext::EglDisplayContext()
+    : mEglDisplay(EGL_NO_DISPLAY),
+      mEglContext(EGL_NO_CONTEXT),
+      mEglConfig(nullptr) {
+  EGLBoolean result;
+
+  mEglDisplay = eglGetDisplay(EGL_DEFAULT_DISPLAY);
+  if (mEglDisplay == EGL_NO_DISPLAY) {
+    ALOGE("eglGetDisplay failed: %#x", eglGetError());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  EGLint majorVersion, minorVersion;
+  result = eglInitialize(mEglDisplay, &majorVersion, &minorVersion);
+  if (result != EGL_TRUE) {
+    ALOGE("eglInitialize failed: %#x", eglGetError());
+    return;
+  }
+  ALOGV("Initialized EGL v%d.%d", majorVersion, minorVersion);
+
+  EGLint numConfigs = 0;
+  EGLint configAttribs[] = {
+      EGL_SURFACE_TYPE, EGL_PBUFFER_BIT, EGL_RENDERABLE_TYPE,
+      EGL_OPENGL_ES2_BIT, EGL_RED_SIZE, 8, EGL_GREEN_SIZE, 8, EGL_BLUE_SIZE, 8,
+      // no alpha
+      EGL_NONE};
+
+  result =
+      eglChooseConfig(mEglDisplay, configAttribs, &mEglConfig, 1, &numConfigs);
+  if (result != EGL_TRUE) {
+    ALOGE("eglChooseConfig error: %#x", eglGetError());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  EGLint contextAttribs[] = {EGL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION_KHR, 3, EGL_NONE};
+  mEglContext =
+      eglCreateContext(mEglDisplay, mEglConfig, EGL_NO_CONTEXT, contextAttribs);
+  if (mEglContext == EGL_NO_CONTEXT) {
+    ALOGE("eglCreateContext error: %#x", eglGetError());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (!makeCurrent()) {
+    ALOGE(
+        "Failed to set newly initialized EGLContext and EGLDisplay connection "
+        "as current.");
+  } else {
+    ALOGV("EGL successfully initialized.");
+  }
+}
+
+EglDisplayContext::~EglDisplayContext() {
+  if (mEglDisplay != EGL_NO_DISPLAY) {
+    eglTerminate(mEglDisplay);
+  }
+  if (mEglContext != EGL_NO_CONTEXT) {
+    eglDestroyContext(mEglDisplay, mEglContext);
+  }
+  eglReleaseThread();
+}
+
+EGLDisplay EglDisplayContext::getEglDisplay() const {
+  return mEglDisplay;
+}
+
+bool EglDisplayContext::isInitialized() const {
+  return mEglContext != EGL_NO_CONTEXT && mEglDisplay != EGL_NO_DISPLAY;
+}
+
+bool EglDisplayContext::makeCurrent() {
+  if (!eglMakeCurrent(mEglDisplay, EGL_NO_SURFACE, EGL_NO_SURFACE, mEglContext)) {
+    ALOGE("eglMakeCurrent failed: %#x", eglGetError());
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglDisplayContext.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglDisplayContext.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..402ca3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglDisplayContext.h
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLDISPLAYCONTEXT_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLDISPLAYCONTEXT_H
+
+#include "EGL/egl.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Encapsulated EGLDisplay & EGLContext.
+//
+// Upon construction, this object will create and configure new
+// EGLDisplay & EGLContext and will destroy them once it goes
+// out of scope.
+class EglDisplayContext {
+ public:
+  EglDisplayContext();
+  ~EglDisplayContext();
+
+  // Sets EGLDisplay & EGLContext for current thread.
+  //
+  // Returns true on success, false otherwise.
+  bool makeCurrent();
+
+  EGLDisplay getEglDisplay() const;
+
+  // Returns true if this instance encapsulates successfully initialized
+  // EGLDisplay & EGLContext.
+  bool isInitialized() const;
+
+ private:
+  EGLDisplay mEglDisplay;
+  EGLContext mEglContext;
+  EGLConfig mEglConfig;
+};
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLDISPLAYCONTEXT_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglFramebuffer.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglFramebuffer.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..acf0122
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglFramebuffer.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "EglFramebuffer"
+#include "EglFramebuffer.h"
+
+#include "EGL/eglext.h"
+#include "EglUtil.h"
+#include "GLES/gl.h"
+#include "GLES2/gl2.h"
+#include "GLES2/gl2ext.h"
+#include "android/hardware_buffer.h"
+#include "log/log.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+EglFrameBuffer::EglFrameBuffer(EGLDisplay display,
+                               std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> hwBuffer)
+    : mHardwareBuffer(hwBuffer), mEglDisplay(display) {
+  if (hwBuffer == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE("Cannot construct EglFramebuffer from null hwBuffer");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  AHardwareBuffer_Desc hwBufferDesc;
+  AHardwareBuffer_describe(hwBuffer.get(), &hwBufferDesc);
+  mWidth = hwBufferDesc.width;
+  mHeight = hwBufferDesc.height;
+
+  EGLClientBuffer clientBuffer = eglGetNativeClientBufferANDROID(hwBuffer.get());
+  mEglImageKhr = eglCreateImageKHR(display, EGL_NO_CONTEXT,
+                                   EGL_NATIVE_BUFFER_ANDROID, clientBuffer, 0);
+  if (checkEglError("eglCreateImageKHR")) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Create texture backed by the hardware buffer.
+  glGenTextures(1, &mTextureId);
+  glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, mTextureId);
+  glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES(GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES,
+                               (GLeglImageOES)mEglImageKhr);
+  if (checkEglError("configure external texture")) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Create framebuffer backed by the texture.
+  glGenFramebuffers(1, &mFramebufferId);
+  glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, mFramebufferId);
+  glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0,
+                         GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, mTextureId, 0);
+  GLenum status = glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER);
+  if (status != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE) {
+    ALOGE("Failed to configure framebuffer for texture");
+    return;  // false;
+  }
+  if (checkEglError("glCheckFramebufferStatus")) {
+    return;  // false;
+  }
+}
+
+EglFrameBuffer::~EglFrameBuffer() {
+  if (mFramebufferId != 0) {
+    glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &mFramebufferId);
+  }
+  if (mTextureId != 0) {
+    glDeleteTextures(1, &mTextureId);
+  }
+  if (mEglImageKhr != EGL_NO_IMAGE_KHR) {
+    eglDestroyImageKHR(mEglDisplay, mEglDisplay);
+  }
+}
+
+bool EglFrameBuffer::beforeDraw() {
+  glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, mFramebufferId);
+  if (checkEglError("glBindFramebuffer")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  glViewport(0, 0, mWidth, mHeight);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool EglFrameBuffer::afterDraw() {
+  glFinish();
+  glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
+  glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, 0);
+  return true;
+}
+
+int EglFrameBuffer::getWidth() const {
+  return mWidth;
+}
+
+int EglFrameBuffer::getHeight() const {
+  return mHeight;
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglFramebuffer.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglFramebuffer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35f85e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglFramebuffer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLFRAMEBUFFER_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLFRAMEBUFFER_H
+
+#define EGL_EGLEXT_PROTOTYPES
+#define GL_GLEXT_PROTOTYPES
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "EGL/egl.h"
+#include "EGL/eglext.h"
+#include "GLES/gl.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Encapsulates EGL Framebuffer backed by AHardwareBuffer instance.
+//
+// Note that the framebuffer is tied to EGLDisplay connection.
+class EglFrameBuffer {
+ public:
+  EglFrameBuffer(EGLDisplay display, std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> hwBuffer);
+  virtual ~EglFrameBuffer();
+
+  // Prepare for rendering into the framebuffer.
+  bool beforeDraw();
+
+  // Finishes rendering into the framebuffer.
+  bool afterDraw();
+
+  // Return width of framebuffer (in pixels).
+  int getWidth() const;
+
+  // Return height of framebuffer (in pixels).
+  int getHeight() const;
+
+ private:
+  // Keeping shared_ptr to hardware buffer instance here prevents it from being
+  // freed while tied to EGL framebufer / EGL texture.
+  std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> mHardwareBuffer;
+  EGLDisplay mEglDisplay;
+  EGLImageKHR mEglImageKhr{EGL_NO_IMAGE_KHR};
+  GLuint mTextureId;
+  GLuint mFramebufferId;
+
+  int mWidth;
+  int mHeight;
+};
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLFRAMEBUFFER_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglProgram.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglProgram.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c468d39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglProgram.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "EglProgram"
+#include "EglProgram.h"
+
+#include <array>
+#include <complex>
+
+#include "EglUtil.h"
+#include "GLES/gl.h"
+#include "GLES2/gl2.h"
+#include "GLES2/gl2ext.h"
+#include "log/log.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+namespace {
+
+constexpr char kGlExtYuvTarget[] = "GL_EXT_YUV_target";
+
+constexpr char kIdentityVertexShader[] = R"(
+    attribute vec4 vPosition;
+    void main() {
+      gl_Position = vPosition;
+    })";
+
+constexpr char kJuliaFractalFragmentShader[] = R"(
+    precision mediump float;
+    uniform vec2 uResolution;
+    uniform vec2 uC;
+    uniform vec2 uUV;
+    const float kIter = 64.0;
+
+    vec2 imSq(vec2 n){
+      return vec2(pow(n.x,2.0)-pow(n.y,2.0), 2.0*n.x*n.y);
+    }
+
+    float julia(vec2 n, vec2 c) {
+      vec2 z = n;
+      for (float i=0.0;i<kIter; i+=1.0) {
+        z = imSq(z) + c;
+        if (length(z) > 2.0) return i/kIter;
+      }
+      return kIter;
+    }
+
+    void main() {
+      vec2 uv = vec2(gl_FragCoord.x / uResolution.x - 0.5, gl_FragCoord.y / uResolution.y - 0.5);
+      float juliaVal = julia(uv * 4.0, uC);
+      gl_FragColor = vec4( juliaVal,uUV.x,uUV.y,0.0);
+    })";
+
+constexpr char kExternalTextureVertexShader[] = R"(#version 300 es
+  in vec4 aPosition;
+  in vec2 aTextureCoord;
+  out vec2 vTextureCoord;
+  void main() {
+    gl_Position = aPosition;
+    vTextureCoord = aTextureCoord;
+  })";
+
+constexpr char kExternalTextureFragmentShader[] = R"(#version 300 es
+    #extension GL_OES_EGL_image_external_essl3 : require
+    #extension GL_EXT_YUV_target : require
+    precision mediump float;
+    in vec2 vTextureCoord;
+    out vec4 fragColor;
+    uniform __samplerExternal2DY2YEXT uTexture;
+    void main() {
+      fragColor = texture(uTexture, vTextureCoord);
+    })";
+
+constexpr int kCoordsPerVertex = 3;
+constexpr std::array<float, 12> kSquareCoords{-1.f, 1.0f, 0.0f,  // top left
+                                              -1.f, -1.f, 0.0f,  // bottom left
+                                              1.0f, -1.f, 0.0f,  // bottom right
+                                              1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f};  // top right
+
+constexpr std::array<float, 8> kTextureCoords{0.0f, 1.0f,   // top left
+                                              0.0f, 0.0f,   // bottom left
+                                              1.0f, 0.0f,   // bottom right
+                                              1.0f, 1.0f};  // top right
+
+constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 6> kDrawOrder{0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3};
+
+GLuint compileShader(GLenum shaderType, const char* src) {
+  GLuint shader = glCreateShader(shaderType);
+  if (shader == 0) {
+    ALOGE("glCreateShader(shaderType=%x) error: %#x",
+          static_cast<unsigned int>(shaderType), glGetError());
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  glShaderSource(shader, 1, &src, NULL);
+  glCompileShader(shader);
+
+  GLint compiled = 0;
+  glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &compiled);
+  if (!compiled) {
+    ALOGE("Compile of shader type %d failed", shaderType);
+    GLint infoLen = 0;
+    glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &infoLen);
+    if (infoLen) {
+      char* buf = new char[infoLen];
+      if (buf) {
+        glGetShaderInfoLog(shader, infoLen, NULL, buf);
+        ALOGE("Compile log: %s", buf);
+        delete[] buf;
+      }
+    }
+    glDeleteShader(shader);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return shader;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+EglProgram::~EglProgram() {
+  if (mProgram) {
+    glDeleteProgram(mProgram);
+  }
+}
+
+bool EglProgram::initialize(const char* vertexShaderSrc,
+                            const char* fragmentShaderSrc) {
+  GLuint vertexShaderId = compileShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertexShaderSrc);
+  if (checkEglError("compileShader(vertex)")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  GLuint fragmentShaderId = compileShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragmentShaderSrc);
+  if (checkEglError("compileShader(fragment)")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  GLuint programId = glCreateProgram();
+
+  glAttachShader(programId, vertexShaderId);
+  glAttachShader(programId, fragmentShaderId);
+  glLinkProgram(programId);
+
+  GLint linkStatus = GL_FALSE;
+  glGetProgramiv(programId, GL_LINK_STATUS, &linkStatus);
+  if (linkStatus != GL_TRUE) {
+    ALOGE("glLinkProgram failed");
+    GLint bufLength = 0;
+    glGetProgramiv(programId, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &bufLength);
+    if (bufLength) {
+      char* buf = new char[bufLength];
+      if (buf) {
+        glGetProgramInfoLog(programId, bufLength, NULL, buf);
+        ALOGE("Link log: %s", buf);
+        delete[] buf;
+      }
+    }
+    glDeleteProgram(programId);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  mProgram = programId;
+
+  mIsInitialized = true;
+  return mIsInitialized;
+}
+
+bool EglProgram::isInitialized() const {
+  return mIsInitialized;
+}
+
+EglTestPatternProgram::EglTestPatternProgram() {
+  if (initialize(kIdentityVertexShader, kJuliaFractalFragmentShader)) {
+    ALOGV("Successfully initialized EGL shaders for test pattern program.");
+  } else {
+    ALOGE("Test pattern EGL shader program initialization failed.");
+  }
+}
+
+bool EglTestPatternProgram::draw(int width, int height, int frameNumber) {
+  glViewport(0, 0, static_cast<GLsizei>(width), static_cast<GLsizei>(height));
+  checkEglError("glViewport");
+
+  // Load compiled shader.
+  glUseProgram(mProgram);
+  checkEglError("glUseProgram");
+
+  // Compute point in complex plane corresponding to fractal for this frame number.
+  float time = float(frameNumber) / 120.0f;
+  const std::complex<float> c(std::sin(time) * 0.78f, std::cos(time) * 0.78f);
+
+  // Pass uniform values to the shader.
+  int resolutionHandle = glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uResolution");
+  checkEglError("glGetUniformLocation -> uResolution");
+  glUniform2f(resolutionHandle, static_cast<float>(width),
+              static_cast<float>(height));
+  checkEglError("glUniform2f -> uResolution");
+
+  // Pass "C" constant value determining the Julia set to the shader.
+  int cHandle = glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uC");
+  glUniform2f(cHandle, c.imag(), c.real());
+
+  // Pass chroma value to the shader.
+  int uvHandle = glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uUV");
+  glUniform2f(uvHandle, (c.imag() + 1.f) / 2.f, (c.real() + 1.f) / 2.f);
+
+  // Pass vertex array to draw.
+  int positionHandle = glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "vPosition");
+  glEnableVertexAttribArray(positionHandle);
+
+  // Prepare the triangle coordinate data.
+  glVertexAttribPointer(positionHandle, kCoordsPerVertex, GL_FLOAT, false,
+                        kSquareCoords.size(), kSquareCoords.data());
+
+  // Draw triangle strip forming a square filling the viewport.
+  glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, kDrawOrder.size(), GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
+                 kDrawOrder.data());
+  if (checkEglError("glDrawElements")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+EglTextureProgram::EglTextureProgram() {
+  if (!isGlExtensionSupported(kGlExtYuvTarget)) {
+    ALOGE(
+        "Cannot initialize external texture program due to missing "
+        "GL_EXT_YUV_target extension");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (initialize(kExternalTextureVertexShader, kExternalTextureFragmentShader)) {
+    ALOGV("Successfully initialized EGL shaders for external texture program.");
+  } else {
+    ALOGE("External texture EGL shader program initialization failed.");
+  }
+}
+
+bool EglTextureProgram::draw(GLuint textureId) {
+  // Load compiled shader.
+  glUseProgram(mProgram);
+  if (checkEglError("glUseProgram")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Pass vertex array to the shader.
+  int positionHandle = glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "aPosition");
+  glEnableVertexAttribArray(positionHandle);
+  glVertexAttribPointer(positionHandle, kCoordsPerVertex, GL_FLOAT, false,
+                        kSquareCoords.size(), kSquareCoords.data());
+
+  // Pass texture coordinates corresponding to vertex array to the shader.
+  int textureCoordHandle = glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "aTextureCoord");
+  glEnableVertexAttribArray(textureCoordHandle);
+  glVertexAttribPointer(textureCoordHandle, 2, GL_FLOAT, false,
+                        kTextureCoords.size(), kTextureCoords.data());
+
+  // Configure texture for the shader.
+  int textureHandle = glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uTexture");
+  glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
+  glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, textureId);
+  glUniform1i(textureHandle, 0);
+
+  // Draw triangle strip forming a square filling the viewport.
+  glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, kDrawOrder.size(), GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
+                 kDrawOrder.data());
+  if (checkEglError("glDrawElements")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglProgram.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglProgram.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e394e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglProgram.h
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLPROGRAM_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLPROGRAM_H
+
+#include "GLES/gl.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Base class for EGL Shader programs representation.
+class EglProgram {
+ public:
+  virtual ~EglProgram();
+
+  // Returns whether the EGL Program was successfully compiled and linked.
+  bool isInitialized() const;
+
+ protected:
+  // Compile & link program from the vertex & fragment shader source.
+  bool initialize(const char* vertexShaderSrc, const char* fragmentShaderSrc);
+  GLuint mProgram;
+  // Whether the EGL Program was successfully compiled and linked.
+  bool mIsInitialized = false;
+};
+
+// Shader program to draw Julia Set test pattern.
+class EglTestPatternProgram : public EglProgram {
+ public:
+  EglTestPatternProgram();
+
+  bool draw(int width, int height, int frameNumber);
+};
+
+// Shader program to  draw texture.
+//
+// Shader stretches the texture over the viewport (if the texture is not same
+// aspect ratio as viewport, it will be deformed).
+//
+// TODO(b/301023410) Add support for translation / cropping.
+class EglTextureProgram : public EglProgram {
+ public:
+  EglTextureProgram();
+
+  bool draw(GLuint textureId);
+};
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLPROGRAM_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglSurfaceTexture.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglSurfaceTexture.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac92bc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglSurfaceTexture.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#include <memory>
+#define LOG_TAG "EglSurfaceTexture"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "EglSurfaceTexture.h"
+#include "EglUtil.h"
+#include "GLES/gl.h"
+#include "gui/BufferQueue.h"
+#include "gui/GLConsumer.h"
+#include "gui/IGraphicBufferProducer.h"
+#include "hardware/gralloc.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+EglSurfaceTexture::EglSurfaceTexture(const uint32_t width, const uint32_t height)
+    : mWidth(width), mHeight(height) {
+  glGenTextures(1, &mTextureId);
+  if (checkEglError("EglSurfaceTexture(): glGenTextures")) {
+    ALOGE("Failed to generate texture");
+    return;
+  }
+  BufferQueue::createBufferQueue(&mBufferProducer, &mBufferConsumer);
+  mGlConsumer = sp<GLConsumer>::make(
+      mBufferConsumer, mTextureId, GLConsumer::TEXTURE_EXTERNAL, false, false);
+  mGlConsumer->setName(String8("VirtualCameraEglSurfaceTexture"));
+  mGlConsumer->setDefaultBufferSize(mWidth, mHeight);
+  mGlConsumer->setConsumerUsageBits(GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_TEXTURE);
+  mGlConsumer->setDefaultBufferFormat(AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_Y8Cb8Cr8_420);
+
+  mSurface = sp<Surface>::make(mBufferProducer);
+}
+
+EglSurfaceTexture::~EglSurfaceTexture() {
+  if (mTextureId != 0) {
+    glDeleteTextures(1, &mTextureId);
+  }
+}
+
+sp<Surface> EglSurfaceTexture::getSurface() {
+  return mSurface;
+}
+
+sp<GraphicBuffer> EglSurfaceTexture::getCurrentBuffer() {
+  return mGlConsumer->getCurrentBuffer();
+}
+
+GLuint EglSurfaceTexture::updateTexture() {
+  mGlConsumer->updateTexImage();
+  return mTextureId;
+}
+
+uint32_t EglSurfaceTexture::getWidth() const {
+  return mWidth;
+}
+
+uint32_t EglSurfaceTexture::getHeight() const {
+  return mHeight;
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglSurfaceTexture.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglSurfaceTexture.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14dc7d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglSurfaceTexture.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLSURFACETEXTURE_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLSURFACETEXTURE_H
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "GLES/gl.h"
+#include "gui/Surface.h"
+#include "utils/RefBase.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+class IGraphicBufferProducer;
+class IGraphicBufferConsumer;
+class GLConsumer;
+
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Encapsulates GLConsumer & Surface for rendering into EGL texture.
+class EglSurfaceTexture {
+ public:
+  // Create new EGL Texture with specified size.
+  EglSurfaceTexture(uint32_t width, uint32_t height);
+  ~EglSurfaceTexture();
+
+  // Get Surface backing up the texture.
+  sp<Surface> getSurface();
+
+  // Get GraphicBuffer backing the current texture.
+  sp<GraphicBuffer> getCurrentBuffer();
+
+  // Get width of surface / texture.
+  uint32_t getWidth() const;
+
+  // Get height of surface / texture.
+  uint32_t getHeight() const;
+
+  // Update the texture with the most recent submitted buffer.
+  // Most be called on thread with EGL context.
+  //
+  // Returns EGL texture id of the texture.
+  GLuint updateTexture();
+
+ private:
+  sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> mBufferProducer;
+  sp<IGraphicBufferConsumer> mBufferConsumer;
+  sp<GLConsumer> mGlConsumer;
+  sp<Surface> mSurface;
+  GLuint mTextureId;
+  const uint32_t mWidth;
+  const uint32_t mHeight;
+};
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLSURFACETEXTURE_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglUtil.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglUtil.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..481d8f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglUtil.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "EglUtil"
+#include "EglUtil.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "GLES/gl.h"
+#include "log/log.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+bool checkEglError(const char* operation) {
+  GLenum err = glGetError();
+  if (err == GL_NO_ERROR) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  ALOGE("%s failed: %d", operation, err);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool isGlExtensionSupported(const char* extension) {
+  const char* extensions =
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(glGetString(GL_EXTENSIONS));
+  if (extension == nullptr || extensions == nullptr) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return strstr(extensions, extension) != nullptr;
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglUtil.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglUtil.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71640e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/EglUtil.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLUTIL_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLUTIL_H
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Returns true if the EGL is in an error state and logs the error.
+bool checkEglError(const char* operation = "EGL operation");
+
+// Returns true if the GL extension is supported, false otherwise.
+bool isGlExtensionSupported(const char* extension);
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_EGLUTIL_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/JpegUtil.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/JpegUtil.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f10376
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/JpegUtil.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "JpegUtil"
+#include "JpegUtil.h"
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "android/hardware_buffer.h"
+#include "jpeglib.h"
+#include "log/log.h"
+#include "ui/GraphicBuffer.h"
+#include "ui/GraphicBufferMapper.h"
+#include "utils/Errors.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+namespace {
+
+constexpr int kJpegQuality = 80;
+
+class LibJpegContext {
+ public:
+  LibJpegContext(int width, int height, const android_ycbcr& ycbcr,
+                 const size_t outBufferSize, void* outBuffer)
+      : mYCbCr(ycbcr),
+        mWidth(width),
+        mHeight(height),
+        mDstBufferSize(outBufferSize),
+        mDstBuffer(outBuffer) {
+    // Initialize error handling for libjpeg.
+    // We call jpeg_std_error to initialize standard error
+    // handling and then override:
+    // * output_message not to print to stderr, but use ALOG instead.
+    // * error_exit not to terminate the process, but failure flag instead.
+    mCompressStruct.err = jpeg_std_error(&mErrorMgr);
+    mCompressStruct.err->output_message = onOutputError;
+    mCompressStruct.err->error_exit = onErrorExit;
+    jpeg_create_compress(&mCompressStruct);
+
+    // Configure input image parameters.
+    mCompressStruct.image_width = width;
+    mCompressStruct.image_height = height;
+    mCompressStruct.input_components = 3;
+    mCompressStruct.in_color_space = JCS_YCbCr;
+    // We pass pointer to this instance as a client data so we can
+    // access this object from the static callbacks invoked by
+    // libjpeg.
+    mCompressStruct.client_data = this;
+
+    // Configure destination manager for libjpeg.
+    mCompressStruct.dest = &mDestinationMgr;
+    mDestinationMgr.init_destination = onInitDestination;
+    mDestinationMgr.empty_output_buffer = onEmptyOutputBuffer;
+    mDestinationMgr.term_destination = onTermDestination;
+    mDestinationMgr.next_output_byte = reinterpret_cast<JOCTET*>(mDstBuffer);
+    mDestinationMgr.free_in_buffer = mDstBufferSize;
+
+    // Configure everything else based on input configuration above.
+    jpeg_set_defaults(&mCompressStruct);
+
+    // Set quality and colorspace.
+    jpeg_set_quality(&mCompressStruct, kJpegQuality, 1);
+    jpeg_set_colorspace(&mCompressStruct, JCS_YCbCr);
+
+    // Configure RAW input mode - this let's libjpeg know we're providing raw,
+    // subsampled YCbCr data.
+    mCompressStruct.raw_data_in = 1;
+    mCompressStruct.dct_method = JDCT_IFAST;
+
+    // Configure sampling factors - this states that every 2 Y
+    // samples share 1 Cb & 1 Cr component vertically & horizontally (YUV420).
+    mCompressStruct.comp_info[0].h_samp_factor = 2;
+    mCompressStruct.comp_info[0].v_samp_factor = 2;
+    mCompressStruct.comp_info[1].h_samp_factor = 1;
+    mCompressStruct.comp_info[1].v_samp_factor = 1;
+    mCompressStruct.comp_info[2].h_samp_factor = 1;
+    mCompressStruct.comp_info[2].v_samp_factor = 1;
+  }
+
+  bool compress() {
+    // Prepare arrays of pointers to scanlines of each plane.
+    std::vector<JSAMPROW> yLines(mHeight);
+    std::vector<JSAMPROW> cbLines(mHeight / 2);
+    std::vector<JSAMPROW> crLines(mHeight / 2);
+
+    uint8_t* y = static_cast<uint8_t*>(mYCbCr.y);
+    uint8_t* cb = static_cast<uint8_t*>(mYCbCr.cb);
+    uint8_t* cr = static_cast<uint8_t*>(mYCbCr.cr);
+
+    // Since UV samples might be interleaved (semiplanar) we need to copy
+    // them to separate planes, since libjpeg doesn't directly
+    // support processing semiplanar YUV.
+    const int c_samples = (mWidth / 2) * (mHeight / 2);
+    std::vector<uint8_t> cb_plane(c_samples);
+    std::vector<uint8_t> cr_plane(c_samples);
+
+    // TODO(b/301023410) - Use libyuv or ARM SIMD for "unzipping" the data.
+    for (int i = 0; i < c_samples; ++i) {
+      cb_plane[i] = *cb;
+      cr_plane[i] = *cr;
+      cb += mYCbCr.chroma_step;
+      cr += mYCbCr.chroma_step;
+    }
+
+    // Collect pointers to individual scanline of each plane.
+    for (int i = 0; i < mHeight; ++i) {
+      yLines[i] = y + i * mYCbCr.ystride;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < (mHeight / 2); ++i) {
+      cbLines[i] = cb_plane.data() + i * (mWidth / 2);
+      crLines[i] = cr_plane.data() + i * (mWidth / 2);
+    }
+
+    // Perform actual compression.
+    jpeg_start_compress(&mCompressStruct, TRUE);
+
+    while (mCompressStruct.next_scanline < mCompressStruct.image_height) {
+      const uint32_t batchSize = DCTSIZE * 2;
+      const uint32_t nl = mCompressStruct.next_scanline;
+      JSAMPARRAY planes[3]{&yLines[nl], &cbLines[nl / 2], &crLines[nl / 2]};
+
+      uint32_t done = jpeg_write_raw_data(&mCompressStruct, planes, batchSize);
+
+      if (done != batchSize) {
+        ALOGE("%s: compressed %u lines, expected %u (total %u/%u)",
+              __FUNCTION__, done, batchSize, mCompressStruct.next_scanline,
+              mCompressStruct.image_height);
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    jpeg_finish_compress(&mCompressStruct);
+    return mSuccess;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  void setSuccess(const boolean success) {
+    mSuccess = success;
+  }
+
+  void initDestination() {
+    mDestinationMgr.next_output_byte = reinterpret_cast<JOCTET*>(mDstBuffer);
+    mDestinationMgr.free_in_buffer = mDstBufferSize;
+    ALOGV("%s:%d jpeg start: %p [%zu]", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, mDstBuffer,
+          mDstBufferSize);
+  }
+
+  void termDestination() {
+    mEncodedSize = mDstBufferSize - mDestinationMgr.free_in_buffer;
+    ALOGV("%s:%d Done with jpeg: %zu", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, mEncodedSize);
+  }
+
+  // === libjpeg callbacks below ===
+
+  static void onOutputError(j_common_ptr cinfo) {
+    char buffer[JMSG_LENGTH_MAX];
+    (*cinfo->err->format_message)(cinfo, buffer);
+    ALOGE("libjpeg error: %s", buffer);
+  };
+
+  static void onErrorExit(j_common_ptr cinfo) {
+    static_cast<LibJpegContext*>(cinfo->client_data)->setSuccess(false);
+  };
+
+  static void onInitDestination(j_compress_ptr cinfo) {
+    static_cast<LibJpegContext*>(cinfo->client_data)->initDestination();
+  }
+
+  static int onEmptyOutputBuffer(j_compress_ptr cinfo __unused) {
+    ALOGV("%s:%d Out of buffer", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  static void onTermDestination(j_compress_ptr cinfo) {
+    static_cast<LibJpegContext*>(cinfo->client_data)->termDestination();
+  }
+
+  jpeg_compress_struct mCompressStruct;
+  jpeg_error_mgr mErrorMgr;
+  jpeg_destination_mgr mDestinationMgr;
+
+  // Layout of the input image.
+  android_ycbcr mYCbCr;
+
+  // Dimensions of the input image.
+  int mWidth;
+  int mHeight;
+
+  // Destination buffer and it's capacity.
+  size_t mDstBufferSize;
+  void* mDstBuffer;
+
+  // This will be set to size of encoded data
+  // written to the outputBuffer when encoding finishes.
+  size_t mEncodedSize;
+  // Set to true/false based on whether the encoding
+  // was successful.
+  boolean mSuccess = true;
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// Returns true if the EGL is in an error state and logs the error.
+bool compressJpeg(int width, int height, const android_ycbcr& ycbcr,
+                  size_t outBufferSize, void* outBuffer) {
+  return LibJpegContext(width, height, ycbcr, outBufferSize, outBuffer)
+      .compress();
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/JpegUtil.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/JpegUtil.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bff008
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/JpegUtil.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_JPEGUTIL_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_JPEGUTIL_H
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "android/hardware_buffer.h"
+#include "system/graphics.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Jpeg-compress image into the output buffer.
+bool compressJpeg(int width, int height, const android_ycbcr& ycbcr,
+                  size_t outBufferSize, void* outBuffer);
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_JPEGUTIL_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/MetadataBuilder.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/MetadataBuilder.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb06e31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/MetadataBuilder.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "MetadataBuilder"
+
+#include "MetadataBuilder.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <memory>
+#include <utility>
+#include <variant>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "CameraMetadata.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/CameraMetadata.h"
+#include "log/log.h"
+#include "system/camera_metadata.h"
+#include "utils/Errors.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+namespace {
+
+using ::android::hardware::camera::common::helper::CameraMetadata;
+
+template <typename To, typename From>
+std::vector<To> convertTo(const std::vector<From>& from) {
+  std::vector<To> to;
+  to.reserve(from.size());
+  std::transform(from.begin(), from.end(), std::back_inserter(to),
+                 [](const From& x) { return static_cast<To>(x); });
+  return to;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setSupportedHardwareLevel(
+    camera_metadata_enum_android_info_supported_hardware_level_t hwLevel) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_INFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL] =
+      std::vector<uint8_t>({static_cast<uint8_t>(hwLevel)});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setFlashAvailable(bool flashAvailable) {
+  const uint8_t metadataVal = flashAvailable
+                                  ? ANDROID_FLASH_INFO_AVAILABLE_TRUE
+                                  : ANDROID_FLASH_INFO_AVAILABLE_FALSE;
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_FLASH_INFO_AVAILABLE] = std::vector<uint8_t>({metadataVal});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setLensFacing(
+    camera_metadata_enum_android_lens_facing lensFacing) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_LENS_FACING] =
+      std::vector<uint8_t>({static_cast<uint8_t>(lensFacing)});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setSensorOrientation(int32_t sensorOrientation) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_SENSOR_ORIENTATION] =
+      std::vector<int32_t>({sensorOrientation});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setSensorTimestamp(
+    std::chrono::nanoseconds timestamp) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_SENSOR_TIMESTAMP] =
+      std::vector<int64_t>({timestamp.count()});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setAvailableFaceDetectModes(
+    const std::vector<camera_metadata_enum_android_statistics_face_detect_mode_t>&
+        faceDetectModes) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_STATISTICS_INFO_AVAILABLE_FACE_DETECT_MODES] =
+      convertTo<uint8_t>(faceDetectModes);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setControlAfAvailableModes(
+    const std::vector<camera_metadata_enum_android_control_af_mode_t>&
+        availableModes) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_AVAILABLE_MODES] =
+      convertTo<uint8_t>(availableModes);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setControlAfMode(
+    const camera_metadata_enum_android_control_af_mode_t mode) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_MODE] =
+      std::vector<uint8_t>({static_cast<uint8_t>(mode)});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setControlAeAvailableFpsRange(
+    const int32_t minFps, const int32_t maxFps) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_AVAILABLE_TARGET_FPS_RANGES] =
+      std::vector<int32_t>({minFps, maxFps});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setControlMaxRegions(int32_t maxAeRegions,
+                                                       int32_t maxAwbRegions,
+                                                       int32_t maxAfRegions) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_CONTROL_MAX_REGIONS] =
+      std::vector<int32_t>({maxAeRegions, maxAwbRegions, maxAfRegions});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setControlAeRegions(
+    const std::vector<ControlRegion>& aeRegions) {
+  std::vector<int32_t> regions;
+  regions.reserve(5 * aeRegions.size());
+  for (const ControlRegion& region : aeRegions) {
+    regions.push_back(region.x0);
+    regions.push_back(region.y0);
+    regions.push_back(region.x1);
+    regions.push_back(region.y1);
+    regions.push_back(region.weight);
+  }
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_REGIONS] = std::move(regions);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setControlAfRegions(
+    const std::vector<ControlRegion>& afRegions) {
+  std::vector<int32_t> regions;
+  regions.reserve(5 * afRegions.size());
+  for (const ControlRegion& region : afRegions) {
+    regions.push_back(region.x0);
+    regions.push_back(region.y0);
+    regions.push_back(region.x1);
+    regions.push_back(region.y1);
+    regions.push_back(region.weight);
+  }
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_REGIONS] = std::move(regions);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setControlAwbRegions(
+    const std::vector<ControlRegion>& awbRegions) {
+  std::vector<int32_t> regions;
+  regions.reserve(5 * awbRegions.size());
+  for (const ControlRegion& region : awbRegions) {
+    regions.push_back(region.x0);
+    regions.push_back(region.y0);
+    regions.push_back(region.x1);
+    regions.push_back(region.y1);
+    regions.push_back(region.weight);
+  }
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_REGIONS] = std::move(regions);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setControlCaptureIntent(
+    const camera_metadata_enum_android_control_capture_intent_t intent) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT] =
+      std::vector<uint8_t>({static_cast<uint8_t>(intent)});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setMaxJpegSize(const int32_t size) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_JPEG_MAX_SIZE] = std::vector<int32_t>({size});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setAvailableOutputStreamConfigurations(
+    const std::vector<StreamConfiguration>& streamConfigurations) {
+  std::vector<int32_t> metadataStreamConfigs;
+  std::vector<int64_t> metadataMinFrameDurations;
+  std::vector<int64_t> metadataStallDurations;
+  metadataStreamConfigs.reserve(streamConfigurations.size());
+  metadataMinFrameDurations.reserve(streamConfigurations.size());
+  metadataStallDurations.reserve(streamConfigurations.size());
+
+  for (const auto& config : streamConfigurations) {
+    metadataStreamConfigs.push_back(config.format);
+    metadataStreamConfigs.push_back(config.width);
+    metadataStreamConfigs.push_back(config.height);
+    metadataStreamConfigs.push_back(
+        ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_OUTPUT);
+
+    metadataMinFrameDurations.push_back(config.format);
+    metadataMinFrameDurations.push_back(config.width);
+    metadataMinFrameDurations.push_back(config.height);
+    metadataMinFrameDurations.push_back(config.minFrameDuration.count());
+
+    metadataStallDurations.push_back(config.format);
+    metadataStallDurations.push_back(config.width);
+    metadataStallDurations.push_back(config.height);
+    metadataStallDurations.push_back(config.minStallDuration.count());
+  }
+
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS] =
+      metadataStreamConfigs;
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_MIN_FRAME_DURATIONS] =
+      metadataMinFrameDurations;
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STALL_DURATIONS] =
+      metadataMinFrameDurations;
+
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setAvailableMaxDigitalZoom(const float maxZoom) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_MAX_DIGITAL_ZOOM] =
+      std::vector<float>(maxZoom);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setSensorActiveArraySize(int x0, int y0,
+                                                           int x1, int y1) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_ACTIVE_ARRAY_SIZE] =
+      std::vector<int32_t>({x0, y0, x1, y1});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setControlAeCompensationRange(int32_t min,
+                                                                int32_t max) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_COMPENSATION_RANGE] =
+      std::vector<int32_t>({min, max});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setControlAeCompensationStep(
+    const camera_metadata_rational step) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_COMPENSATION_STEP] =
+      std::vector<camera_metadata_rational>({step});
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setAvailableRequestKeys(
+    const std::vector<int32_t>& keys) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_REQUEST_KEYS] = keys;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setAvailableResultKeys(
+    const std::vector<int32_t>& keys) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_RESULT_KEYS] = keys;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setAvailableCapabilities(
+    const std::vector<camera_metadata_enum_android_request_available_capabilities_t>&
+        capabilities) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES] =
+      convertTo<uint8_t>(capabilities);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setAvailableCharacteristicKeys(
+    const std::vector<camera_metadata_tag_t>& keys) {
+  mEntryMap[ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CHARACTERISTICS_KEYS] =
+      convertTo<int32_t>(keys);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder& MetadataBuilder::setAvailableCharacteristicKeys() {
+  std::vector<camera_metadata_tag_t> availableKeys;
+  availableKeys.reserve(mEntryMap.size());
+  for (const auto& [key, _] : mEntryMap) {
+    if (key != ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CHARACTERISTICS_KEYS) {
+      availableKeys.push_back(key);
+    }
+  }
+  setAvailableCharacteristicKeys(availableKeys);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata>
+MetadataBuilder::build() const {
+  CameraMetadata metadataHelper;
+  for (const auto& entry : mEntryMap) {
+    status_t ret = std::visit(
+        [&](auto&& arg) {
+          return metadataHelper.update(entry.first, arg.data(), arg.size());
+        },
+        entry.second);
+    if (ret != NO_ERROR) {
+      ALOGE("Failed to update metadata with key %d - %s: %s", entry.first,
+            get_camera_metadata_tag_name(entry.first),
+            ::android::statusToString(ret).c_str());
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const camera_metadata_t* metadata = metadataHelper.getAndLock();
+  if (metadata == nullptr) {
+    ALOGE(
+        "Failure when constructing metadata -> CameraMetadata helper returned "
+        "nullptr");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  auto aidlMetadata =
+      std::make_unique<aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata>();
+  const uint8_t* data_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(metadata);
+  aidlMetadata->metadata.assign(data_ptr,
+                                data_ptr + get_camera_metadata_size(metadata));
+  metadataHelper.unlock(metadata);
+
+  return aidlMetadata;
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/MetadataBuilder.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/MetadataBuilder.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25c931c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/MetadataBuilder.h
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_METADATABUILDER_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_METADATABUILDER_H
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <variant>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/CameraMetadata.h"
+#include "system/camera_metadata.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Convenience builder for the
+// aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata.
+//
+// Calling the same builder setter multiple will overwrite the value.
+// This class is not thread-safe.
+class MetadataBuilder {
+ public:
+  struct StreamConfiguration {
+    int32_t width = 0;
+    int32_t height = 0;
+    int32_t format = 0;
+    // Minimal frame duration - corresponds to maximal FPS for given format.
+    // See ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_MIN_FRAME_DURATIONS in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+    std::chrono::nanoseconds minFrameDuration{std::chrono::seconds(1) / 30};
+    // Minimal stall duration.
+    // See ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STALL_DURATIONS in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+    std::chrono::nanoseconds minStallDuration{0};
+  };
+
+  struct ControlRegion {
+    int32_t x0 = 0;
+    int32_t y0 = 0;
+    int32_t x1 = 0;
+    int32_t y1 = 0;
+    int32_t weight = 0;
+  };
+
+  MetadataBuilder() = default;
+  ~MetadataBuilder() = default;
+
+  // See ANDROID_INFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setSupportedHardwareLevel(
+      camera_metadata_enum_android_info_supported_hardware_level_t hwLevel);
+
+  // Whether this camera device has a flash unit
+  // See ANDROID_FLASH_INFO_AVAILABLE in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setFlashAvailable(bool flashAvailable);
+
+  // See ANDROID_LENS_FACING in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setLensFacing(
+      camera_metadata_enum_android_lens_facing lensFacing);
+
+  // See ANDROID_SENSOR_ORIENTATION in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setSensorOrientation(int32_t sensorOrientation);
+
+  // Time at start of exposure of first row of the image
+  // sensor active array, in nanoseconds.
+  //
+  // See ANDROID_SENSOR_TIMESTAMP in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setSensorTimestamp(std::chrono::nanoseconds timestamp);
+
+  // See ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_ACTIVE_ARRAY_SIZE in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setSensorActiveArraySize(int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1);
+
+  // See ANDROID_STATISTICS_FACE_DETECT_MODE in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setAvailableFaceDetectModes(
+      const std::vector<camera_metadata_enum_android_statistics_face_detect_mode_t>&
+          faceDetectMode);
+
+  // Sets available stream configurations along with corresponding minimal frame
+  // durations (corresponding to max fps) and stall durations.
+  //
+  // See ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS,
+  // ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_MIN_FRAME_DURATIONS and
+  // ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STALL_DURATIONS in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setAvailableOutputStreamConfigurations(
+      const std::vector<StreamConfiguration>& streamConfigurations);
+
+  // See ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_COMPENSATION_RANGE in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setControlAeCompensationRange(int32_t min, int32_t max);
+
+  // See ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_COMPENSATION_STEP in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setControlAeCompensationStep(camera_metadata_rational step);
+
+  // See ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_AVAILABLE_MODES in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setControlAfAvailableModes(
+      const std::vector<camera_metadata_enum_android_control_af_mode_t>&
+          availableModes);
+
+  // See ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_MODE in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setControlAfMode(
+      const camera_metadata_enum_android_control_af_mode_t mode);
+
+  // See ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_AVAILABLE_TARGET_FPS_RANGES in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setControlAeAvailableFpsRange(int32_t min, int32_t max);
+
+  // See ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setControlCaptureIntent(
+      camera_metadata_enum_android_control_capture_intent_t intent);
+
+  // See ANDROID_CONTROL_MAX_REGIONS in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setControlMaxRegions(int32_t maxAeRegions,
+                                        int32_t maxAwbRegions,
+                                        int32_t maxAfRegions);
+
+  // See ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_REGIONS in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setControlAeRegions(
+      const std::vector<ControlRegion>& aeRegions);
+
+  // See ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_REGIONS in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setControlAwbRegions(
+      const std::vector<ControlRegion>& awbRegions);
+
+  // See ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_REGIONS in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setControlAfRegions(
+      const std::vector<ControlRegion>& afRegions);
+
+  // The size of the compressed JPEG image, in bytes.
+  //
+  // See ANDROID_JPEG_SIZE in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setMaxJpegSize(int32_t size);
+
+  // See ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_MAX_DIGITAL_ZOOM in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setAvailableMaxDigitalZoom(const float maxZoom);
+
+  // A list of all keys that the camera device has available to use with
+  // CaptureRequest.
+  //
+  // See ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_REQUEST_KEYS in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setAvailableRequestKeys(const std::vector<int32_t>& keys);
+
+  // A list of all keys that the camera device has available to use with
+  // CaptureResult.
+  //
+  // See ANDROID_RESULT_AVAILABLE_REQUEST_KEYS in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setAvailableResultKeys(const std::vector<int32_t>& keys);
+
+  // See ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setAvailableCapabilities(
+      const std::vector<
+          camera_metadata_enum_android_request_available_capabilities_t>&
+          capabilities);
+
+  // A list of all keys that the camera device has available to use.
+  //
+  // See ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CHARACTERISTICS_KEYS in CameraMetadataTag.aidl.
+  MetadataBuilder& setAvailableCharacteristicKeys(
+      const std::vector<camera_metadata_tag_t>& keys);
+
+  // Extends metadata with ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CHARACTERISTICS_KEYS
+  // containing all previously set tags.
+  MetadataBuilder& setAvailableCharacteristicKeys();
+
+  // Build CameraMetadata instance.
+  //
+  // Returns nullptr in case something went wrong.
+  std::unique_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata>
+  build() const;
+
+ private:
+  // Maps metadata tags to vectors of values for the given tag.
+  std::map<camera_metadata_tag_t,
+           std::variant<std::vector<int64_t>, std::vector<int32_t>,
+                        std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<float>,
+                        std::vector<camera_metadata_rational_t>>>
+      mEntryMap;
+};
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_METADATABUILDER_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/TestPatternHelper.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/TestPatternHelper.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a00a1b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/TestPatternHelper.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "TestPatternHelper"
+
+#include "TestPatternHelper.h"
+
+#include <complex>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "log/log.h"
+#include "utils/Errors.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+namespace {
+
+uint8_t julia(const std::complex<float> n, const std::complex<float> c) {
+  std::complex<float> z = n;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
+    z = z * z + c;
+    if (std::abs(z) > 2.0) return i * 4;
+  }
+  return 0xff;
+}
+
+uint8_t pixelToFractal(const int x, const int y, const std::complex<float> c) {
+  std::complex<float> n(float(x) / 640.0f - 0.5, float(y) / 480.0f - 0.5);
+  return julia(n * 5.f, c);
+}
+
+void renderTestPatternYcbCr420(uint8_t* data_ptr, const int width,
+                               const int height, const int frameNumber) {
+  float time = float(frameNumber) / 120.0f;
+  const std::complex<float> c(std::sin(time), std::cos(time));
+
+  uint8_t* y_data = data_ptr;
+  uint8_t* uv_data = static_cast<uint8_t*>(y_data + width * height);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < width; ++i) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < height; ++j) {
+      y_data[j * width + i] = pixelToFractal(i, j, c * 0.78f);
+      if ((i & 1) && (j & 1)) {
+        uv_data[((j / 2) * (width / 2) + i / 2) * 2] =
+            static_cast<uint8_t>((float(i) / float(width)) * 255.f);
+        uv_data[((j / 2) * (width / 2) + i / 2) * 2 + 1] =
+            static_cast<uint8_t>((float(j) / float(height)) * 255.f);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// This is just to see some meaningfull image in the buffer for testing, only
+// works with YcbCr420.
+void renderTestPatternYCbCr420(const std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> buffer,
+                               const int frameNumber, const int fence) {
+  AHardwareBuffer_Planes planes_info;
+
+  AHardwareBuffer_Desc hwBufferDesc;
+  AHardwareBuffer_describe(buffer.get(), &hwBufferDesc);
+
+  const int width = hwBufferDesc.width;
+  const int height = hwBufferDesc.height;
+
+  int result = AHardwareBuffer_lockPlanes(buffer.get(),
+                                          AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_CPU_READ_RARELY,
+                                          fence, nullptr, &planes_info);
+  if (result != OK) {
+    ALOGE("%s: Failed to lock planes: %d", __func__, result);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  renderTestPatternYcbCr420(
+      reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(planes_info.planes[0].data), width, height,
+      frameNumber);
+
+  AHardwareBuffer_unlock(buffer.get(), nullptr);
+}
+
+void renderTestPatternYCbCr420(sp<Surface> surface, int frameNumber) {
+  ANativeWindow_Buffer buffer;
+  surface->lock(&buffer, nullptr);
+
+  ALOGV("buffer: %dx%d stride %d, pixfmt %d", buffer.width, buffer.height,
+        buffer.stride, buffer.format);
+
+  renderTestPatternYcbCr420(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(buffer.bits),
+                            buffer.width, buffer.height, frameNumber);
+
+  surface->unlockAndPost();
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/TestPatternHelper.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/TestPatternHelper.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aca1cdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/TestPatternHelper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_TESTPATTERNHELPER_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_TESTPATTERNHELPER_H
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "android/hardware_buffer.h"
+#include "gui/Surface.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Helper function filling hardware buffer with test pattern for debugging /
+// testing purposes.
+void renderTestPatternYCbCr420(std::shared_ptr<AHardwareBuffer> buffer,
+                               int frameNumber, int fence = -1);
+
+// Helper function for rendering test pattern into Surface.
+void renderTestPatternYCbCr420(sp<Surface> surface, int frameNumber);
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_TESTPATTERNHELPER_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/Util.cc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/Util.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90f5916
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/Util.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "VirtualCameraUtil"
+#include "Util.h"
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "log/log.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::common::NativeHandle;
+
+sp<Fence> importFence(const NativeHandle& aidlHandle) {
+  if (aidlHandle.fds.size() != 1) {
+    ALOGE(
+        "%s: Cannot import fence from aidlHandle containing %d file "
+        "descriptors.",
+        __func__, static_cast<int>(aidlHandle.fds.size()));
+    return sp<Fence>::make();
+  }
+
+  return sp<Fence>::make(::dup(aidlHandle.fds[0].get()));
+}
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/Util.h b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/Util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a0a458
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/util/Util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_UTIL_H
+#define ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_UTIL_H
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/Status.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamBuffer.h"
+#include "android/binder_auto_utils.h"
+#include "ui/Fence.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace companion {
+namespace virtualcamera {
+
+// Converts camera AIDL status to ndk::ScopedAStatus
+inline ndk::ScopedAStatus cameraStatus(
+    const ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status status) {
+  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+      static_cast<int32_t>(status));
+}
+
+// Import Fence from AIDL NativeHandle.
+//
+// If the handle can't be used to construct Fence (is empty or doesn't contain
+// only single fd) this function will return Fence instance in invalid state.
+sp<Fence> importFence(
+    const ::aidl::android::hardware::common::NativeHandle& handle);
+
+}  // namespace virtualcamera
+}  // namespace companion
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_COMPANION_VIRTUALCAMERA_UTIL_H
diff --git a/services/camera/virtualcamera/virtual_camera.hal.rc b/services/camera/virtualcamera/virtual_camera.hal.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd86965
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/camera/virtualcamera/virtual_camera.hal.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+service virtual_camera /system/bin/virtual_camera
+    class core
+    user system
+    group system
+    capabilities SYS_NICE
+    rlimit rtprio 10 10
+    task_profiles CameraServiceCapacity CameraServicePerformance