Merge "Adding AIDL fuzzer for MediaExtractorService" am: 483e70dc11 am: 635187ea1a am: b0c653d0fc am: e064b91507 am: 48d6dff853 am: 5991652a9e

Original change: https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/frameworks/av/+/2601607

Change-Id: Id91b0c6fb040de28b095802674066fc3dfe45fe5
Signed-off-by: Automerger Merge Worker <android-build-automerger-merge-worker@system.gserviceaccount.com>
diff --git a/camera/cameraserver/Android.bp b/camera/cameraserver/Android.bp
index 8472562..13b705c 100644
--- a/camera/cameraserver/Android.bp
+++ b/camera/cameraserver/Android.bp
@@ -26,12 +26,15 @@
 
     srcs: ["main_cameraserver.cpp"],
 
+    defaults: [
+        "libcameraservice_deps",
+    ],
+
     header_libs: [
         "libmedia_headers",
     ],
 
     shared_libs: [
-        "libcameraservice",
         "liblog",
         "libutils",
         "libui",
@@ -40,15 +43,13 @@
         "libbinder_ndk",
         "libhidlbase",
         "android.hardware.camera.common@1.0",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.5",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.6",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.7",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider-V2-ndk",
         "android.hardware.camera.device@1.0",
         "android.hardware.camera.device@3.2",
         "android.hardware.camera.device@3.4",
     ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libcameraservice",
+    ],
     compile_multilib: "first",
     cflags: [
         "-Wall",
diff --git a/media/audioserver/Android.bp b/media/audioserver/Android.bp
index 828d861..2030dc7 100644
--- a/media/audioserver/Android.bp
+++ b/media/audioserver/Android.bp
@@ -25,21 +25,31 @@
         "libmediametrics_headers",
     ],
 
-    shared_libs: [
-        "packagemanager_aidl-cpp",
+    defaults: [
+        "libaaudioservice_dependencies",
+        "libaudioflinger_dependencies",
+        "libaudiopolicyservice_dependencies",
+        "latest_android_media_audio_common_types_cpp_shared",
+        "latest_android_hardware_audio_core_sounddose_ndk_shared",
+    ],
+
+    static_libs: [
         "libaaudioservice",
-        "libaudioclient",
         "libaudioflinger",
         "libaudiopolicyservice",
+        "libmedialogservice",
+        "libnbaio",
+    ],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libaudioclient",
         "libaudioprocessing",
         "libbinder",
         "libcutils",
         "libhidlbase",
         "liblog",
         "libmedia",
-        "libmedialogservice",
         "libmediautils",
-        "libnbaio",
         "libnblog",
         "libpowermanager",
         "libutils",
@@ -59,9 +69,9 @@
         "frameworks/av/services/audiopolicy/engine/interface",
         "frameworks/av/services/audiopolicy/service",
         "frameworks/av/services/medialog",
+        "frameworks/av/services/oboeservice", // TODO oboeservice is the old folder name for aaudioservice. It will be changed.
 
-        // TODO oboeservice is the old folder name for aaudioservice. It will be changed.
-        "frameworks/av/services/oboeservice",
+
     ],
 
     init_rc: ["audioserver.rc"],
diff --git a/media/codec2/vndk/C2AllocatorGralloc.cpp b/media/codec2/vndk/C2AllocatorGralloc.cpp
index f272499..0803dc3 100644
--- a/media/codec2/vndk/C2AllocatorGralloc.cpp
+++ b/media/codec2/vndk/C2AllocatorGralloc.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/PlaneLayoutComponentType.h>
 #include <android/hardware/graphics/common/1.2/types.h>
 #include <cutils/native_handle.h>
+#include <drm/drm_fourcc.h>
 #include <gralloctypes/Gralloc4.h>
 #include <hardware/gralloc.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicBufferAllocator.h>
@@ -478,7 +479,25 @@
     // 'NATIVE' on Android means LITTLE_ENDIAN
     constexpr C2PlaneInfo::endianness_t kEndianness = C2PlaneInfo::NATIVE;
 
-    switch (mFormat) {
+    // Try to resolve IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED format to accurate format if
+    // possible.
+    uint32_t format = mFormat;
+    uint32_t fourCc;
+    if (format == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED &&
+        !GraphicBufferMapper::get().getPixelFormatFourCC(mBuffer, &fourCc)) {
+        switch (fourCc)  {
+            case DRM_FORMAT_XBGR8888:
+                 format = static_cast<uint32_t>(PixelFormat4::RGBX_8888);
+                 break;
+            case DRM_FORMAT_ABGR8888:
+                 format = static_cast<uint32_t>(PixelFormat4::RGBA_8888);
+                 break;
+            default:
+                 break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    switch (format) {
         case static_cast<uint32_t>(PixelFormat4::RGBA_1010102): {
             // TRICKY: this is used for media as YUV444 in the case when it is queued directly to a
             // Surface. In all other cases it is RGBA. We don't know which case it is here, so
diff --git a/media/libaudioclient/AudioSystem.cpp b/media/libaudioclient/AudioSystem.cpp
index 7cec2e8..871318f 100644
--- a/media/libaudioclient/AudioSystem.cpp
+++ b/media/libaudioclient/AudioSystem.cpp
@@ -132,12 +132,10 @@
                 binder = gAudioFlingerBinder;
             } else {
                 sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
-                do {
-                    binder = sm->getService(String16(IAudioFlinger::DEFAULT_SERVICE_NAME));
-                    if (binder != nullptr) break;
-                    ALOGW("AudioFlinger not published, waiting...");
-                    usleep(500000); // 0.5 s
-                } while (true);
+                binder = sm->waitForService(String16(IAudioFlinger::DEFAULT_SERVICE_NAME));
+                if (binder == nullptr) {
+                    return nullptr;
+                }
             }
             binder->linkToDeath(gAudioFlingerClient);
             const auto afs = interface_cast<media::IAudioFlingerService>(binder);
@@ -870,14 +868,10 @@
         Mutex::Autolock _l(gLockAPS);
         if (gAudioPolicyService == 0) {
             sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
-            sp<IBinder> binder;
-            do {
-                binder = sm->getService(String16("media.audio_policy"));
-                if (binder != 0)
-                    break;
-                ALOGW("AudioPolicyService not published, waiting...");
-                usleep(500000); // 0.5 s
-            } while (true);
+            sp<IBinder> binder = sm->waitForService(String16("media.audio_policy"));
+            if (binder == nullptr) {
+                return nullptr;
+            }
             if (gAudioPolicyServiceClient == NULL) {
                 gAudioPolicyServiceClient = new AudioPolicyServiceClient();
             }
@@ -2093,8 +2087,7 @@
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
-    const sp<IAudioPolicyService>
-            & aps = AudioSystem::get_audio_policy_service();
+    const sp<IAudioPolicyService>& aps = AudioSystem::get_audio_policy_service();
     if (aps == 0) return PERMISSION_DENIED;
 
     std::vector<AudioFormatDescription> formatsAidl;
diff --git a/media/libaudiohal/impl/EffectConversionHelperAidl.cpp b/media/libaudiohal/impl/EffectConversionHelperAidl.cpp
index 52fed91..4c58fe9 100644
--- a/media/libaudiohal/impl/EffectConversionHelperAidl.cpp
+++ b/media/libaudiohal/impl/EffectConversionHelperAidl.cpp
@@ -72,14 +72,13 @@
 
 EffectConversionHelperAidl::EffectConversionHelperAidl(
         std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect> effect,
-        int32_t sessionId, int32_t ioId, const Descriptor& desc)
+        int32_t sessionId, int32_t ioId, const Descriptor& desc, bool isProxy)
     : mSessionId(sessionId),
       mIoId(ioId),
       mDesc(desc),
       mEffect(std::move(effect)),
       mIsInputStream(mDesc.common.flags.type == Flags::Type::PRE_PROC),
-      mIsProxyEffect(mDesc.common.id.proxy.has_value() &&
-                     mDesc.common.id.proxy.value() == mDesc.common.id.uuid) {
+      mIsProxyEffect(isProxy) {
     mCommon.session = sessionId;
     mCommon.ioHandle = ioId;
     mCommon.input = mCommon.output = kDefaultAudioConfig;
@@ -319,17 +318,25 @@
             mEffect->setParameter(Parameter::make<Parameter::deviceDescription>(aidlDevices))));
     return *static_cast<int32_t*>(pReplyData) = OK;
 }
+
 status_t EffectConversionHelperAidl::handleSetVolume(uint32_t cmdSize, const void* pCmdData,
-                                                     uint32_t* replySize __unused,
-                                                     void* pReplyData __unused) {
+                                                     uint32_t* replySize, void* pReplyData) {
     if (cmdSize != 2 * sizeof(uint32_t) || !pCmdData) {
         ALOGE("%s parameter invalid %u %p", __func__, cmdSize, pCmdData);
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
-    Parameter::VolumeStereo volume = {.left = (float)(*(uint32_t*)pCmdData) / (1 << 24),
-                                      .right = (float)(*(uint32_t*)pCmdData + 1) / (1 << 24)};
+
+    constexpr uint32_t unityGain = 1 << 24;
+    Parameter::VolumeStereo volume = {.left = (float)(*(uint32_t*)pCmdData) / unityGain,
+                                      .right = (float)(*(uint32_t*)pCmdData + 1) / unityGain};
     RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(statusTFromBinderStatus(
             mEffect->setParameter(Parameter::make<Parameter::volumeStereo>(volume))));
+
+    // write unity gain back if volume was successfully set
+    if (replySize && *replySize == 2 * sizeof(uint32_t) && pReplyData) {
+        constexpr uint32_t vol_ret[2] = {unityGain, unityGain};
+        memcpy(pReplyData, vol_ret, sizeof(vol_ret));
+    }
     return OK;
 }
 
diff --git a/media/libaudiohal/impl/EffectConversionHelperAidl.h b/media/libaudiohal/impl/EffectConversionHelperAidl.h
index 0c682ff..e2cf87f 100644
--- a/media/libaudiohal/impl/EffectConversionHelperAidl.h
+++ b/media/libaudiohal/impl/EffectConversionHelperAidl.h
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
     EffectConversionHelperAidl(
             std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect> effect,
             int32_t sessionId, int32_t ioId,
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc);
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc, bool isProxy);
 
     status_t handleSetParameter(uint32_t cmdSize, const void* pCmdData, uint32_t* replySize,
                                 void* pReplyData);
diff --git a/media/libaudiohal/impl/EffectHalAidl.cpp b/media/libaudiohal/impl/EffectHalAidl.cpp
index faf5f45..a5f2c61 100644
--- a/media/libaudiohal/impl/EffectHalAidl.cpp
+++ b/media/libaudiohal/impl/EffectHalAidl.cpp
@@ -89,64 +89,64 @@
     ALOGI("%s create UUID %s", __func__, typeUuid.toString().c_str());
     if (typeUuid ==
         ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::getEffectTypeUuidAcousticEchoCanceler()) {
-        mConversion =
-                std::make_unique<android::effect::AidlConversionAec>(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc);
+        mConversion = std::make_unique<android::effect::AidlConversionAec>(effect, sessionId, ioId,
+                                                                           desc, mIsProxyEffect);
     } else if (typeUuid == ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::
                                    getEffectTypeUuidAutomaticGainControlV1()) {
         mConversion = std::make_unique<android::effect::AidlConversionAgc1>(effect, sessionId, ioId,
-                                                                            desc);
+                                                                            desc, mIsProxyEffect);
     } else if (typeUuid == ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::
                                    getEffectTypeUuidAutomaticGainControlV2()) {
         mConversion = std::make_unique<android::effect::AidlConversionAgc2>(effect, sessionId, ioId,
-                                                                            desc);
+                                                                            desc, mIsProxyEffect);
     } else if (typeUuid == ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::getEffectTypeUuidBassBoost()) {
-        mConversion = std::make_unique<android::effect::AidlConversionBassBoost>(effect, sessionId,
-                                                                                 ioId, desc);
+        mConversion = std::make_unique<android::effect::AidlConversionBassBoost>(
+                effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, mIsProxyEffect);
     } else if (typeUuid == ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::getEffectTypeUuidDownmix()) {
-        mConversion = std::make_unique<android::effect::AidlConversionDownmix>(effect, sessionId,
-                                                                               ioId, desc);
+        mConversion = std::make_unique<android::effect::AidlConversionDownmix>(
+                effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, mIsProxyEffect);
     } else if (typeUuid ==
                ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::getEffectTypeUuidDynamicsProcessing()) {
-        mConversion =
-                std::make_unique<android::effect::AidlConversionDp>(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc);
+        mConversion = std::make_unique<android::effect::AidlConversionDp>(effect, sessionId, ioId,
+                                                                          desc, mIsProxyEffect);
     } else if (typeUuid == ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::getEffectTypeUuidEnvReverb()) {
-        mConversion = std::make_unique<android::effect::AidlConversionEnvReverb>(effect, sessionId,
-                                                                                 ioId, desc);
+        mConversion = std::make_unique<android::effect::AidlConversionEnvReverb>(
+                effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, mIsProxyEffect);
     } else if (typeUuid == ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::getEffectTypeUuidEqualizer()) {
-        mConversion =
-                std::make_unique<android::effect::AidlConversionEq>(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc);
+        mConversion = std::make_unique<android::effect::AidlConversionEq>(effect, sessionId, ioId,
+                                                                          desc, mIsProxyEffect);
     } else if (typeUuid ==
                ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::getEffectTypeUuidHapticGenerator()) {
         mConversion = std::make_unique<android::effect::AidlConversionHapticGenerator>(
-                effect, sessionId, ioId, desc);
+                effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, mIsProxyEffect);
     } else if (typeUuid ==
                ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::getEffectTypeUuidLoudnessEnhancer()) {
         mConversion = std::make_unique<android::effect::AidlConversionLoudnessEnhancer>(
-                effect, sessionId, ioId, desc);
+                effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, mIsProxyEffect);
     } else if (typeUuid ==
                ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::getEffectTypeUuidNoiseSuppression()) {
         mConversion = std::make_unique<android::effect::AidlConversionNoiseSuppression>(
-                effect, sessionId, ioId, desc);
+                effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, mIsProxyEffect);
     } else if (typeUuid ==
                ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::getEffectTypeUuidPresetReverb()) {
         mConversion = std::make_unique<android::effect::AidlConversionPresetReverb>(
-                effect, sessionId, ioId, desc);
+                effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, mIsProxyEffect);
     } else if (typeUuid ==
                ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::getEffectTypeUuidSpatializer()) {
         mConversion = std::make_unique<android::effect::AidlConversionSpatializer>(
-                effect, sessionId, ioId, desc);
+                effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, mIsProxyEffect);
     } else if (typeUuid ==
                ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::getEffectTypeUuidVirtualizer()) {
         mConversion = std::make_unique<android::effect::AidlConversionVirtualizer>(
-                effect, sessionId, ioId, desc);
+                effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, mIsProxyEffect);
     } else if (typeUuid ==
                ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::getEffectTypeUuidVisualizer()) {
-        mConversion = std::make_unique<android::effect::AidlConversionVisualizer>(effect, sessionId,
-                                                                                  ioId, desc);
+        mConversion = std::make_unique<android::effect::AidlConversionVisualizer>(
+                effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, mIsProxyEffect);
     } else {
         // For unknown UUID, use vendor extension implementation
         mConversion = std::make_unique<android::effect::AidlConversionVendorExtension>(
-                effect, sessionId, ioId, desc);
+                effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, mIsProxyEffect);
     }
     return OK;
 }
diff --git a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionAec.h b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionAec.h
index 3ee419a..61dd36a 100644
--- a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionAec.h
+++ b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionAec.h
@@ -26,8 +26,9 @@
   public:
     AidlConversionAec(std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect> effect,
                       int32_t sessionId, int32_t ioId,
-                      const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc)
-        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc) {}
+                      const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc,
+                      bool isProxyEffect)
+        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, isProxyEffect) {}
     ~AidlConversionAec() {}
 
   private:
diff --git a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionAgc1.h b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionAgc1.h
index b0509fd..364b473 100644
--- a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionAgc1.h
+++ b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionAgc1.h
@@ -26,8 +26,9 @@
   public:
     AidlConversionAgc1(std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect> effect,
                        int32_t sessionId, int32_t ioId,
-                       const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc)
-        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc) {}
+                       const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc,
+                       bool isProxyEffect)
+        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, isProxyEffect) {}
     ~AidlConversionAgc1() {}
 
   private:
diff --git a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionAgc2.h b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionAgc2.h
index 8f7eac7..df9a9ec 100644
--- a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionAgc2.h
+++ b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionAgc2.h
@@ -26,8 +26,9 @@
   public:
     AidlConversionAgc2(std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect> effect,
                        int32_t sessionId, int32_t ioId,
-                       const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc)
-        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc) {}
+                       const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc,
+                       bool isProxyEffect)
+        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, isProxyEffect) {}
     ~AidlConversionAgc2() {}
 
   private:
diff --git a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionBassBoost.h b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionBassBoost.h
index 9664aa1..424b837 100644
--- a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionBassBoost.h
+++ b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionBassBoost.h
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
     AidlConversionBassBoost(
             std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect> effect,
             int32_t sessionId, int32_t ioId,
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc)
-        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc) {}
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc, bool isProxyEffect)
+        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, isProxyEffect) {}
     ~AidlConversionBassBoost() {}
 
   private:
diff --git a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionDownmix.h b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionDownmix.h
index 8b28ca3..f963f66 100644
--- a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionDownmix.h
+++ b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionDownmix.h
@@ -26,8 +26,9 @@
   public:
     AidlConversionDownmix(std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect> effect,
                           int32_t sessionId, int32_t ioId,
-                          const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc)
-        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc) {}
+                          const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc,
+                          bool isProxyEffect)
+        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, isProxyEffect) {}
     ~AidlConversionDownmix() {}
 
   private:
diff --git a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionDynamicsProcessing.h b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionDynamicsProcessing.h
index c5d5a54..62714c3 100644
--- a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionDynamicsProcessing.h
+++ b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionDynamicsProcessing.h
@@ -26,8 +26,9 @@
   public:
     AidlConversionDp(std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect> effect,
                      int32_t sessionId, int32_t ioId,
-                     const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc)
-        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc) {}
+                     const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc,
+                     bool isProxyEffect)
+        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, isProxyEffect) {}
     ~AidlConversionDp() {}
 
   private:
diff --git a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionEnvReverb.h b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionEnvReverb.h
index 8b92374..95042eb 100644
--- a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionEnvReverb.h
+++ b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionEnvReverb.h
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
     AidlConversionEnvReverb(
             std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect> effect,
             int32_t sessionId, int32_t ioId,
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc)
-        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc) {}
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc, bool isProxyEffect)
+        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, isProxyEffect) {}
     ~AidlConversionEnvReverb() {}
 
   private:
diff --git a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionEq.h b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionEq.h
index f94556c..53566e2 100644
--- a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionEq.h
+++ b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionEq.h
@@ -25,9 +25,10 @@
 class AidlConversionEq : public EffectConversionHelperAidl {
   public:
     AidlConversionEq(std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect> effect,
-                      int32_t sessionId, int32_t ioId,
-                      const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc)
-        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc) {}
+                     int32_t sessionId, int32_t ioId,
+                     const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc,
+                     bool isProxyEffect)
+        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, isProxyEffect) {}
     ~AidlConversionEq() {}
 
   private:
diff --git a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionHapticGenerator.h b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionHapticGenerator.h
index 03114a5..9890bfb 100644
--- a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionHapticGenerator.h
+++ b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionHapticGenerator.h
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
     AidlConversionHapticGenerator(
             std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect> effect,
             int32_t sessionId, int32_t ioId,
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc)
-        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc) {}
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc, bool isProxyEffect)
+        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, isProxyEffect) {}
     ~AidlConversionHapticGenerator() {}
 
   private:
diff --git a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionLoudnessEnhancer.h b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionLoudnessEnhancer.h
index c0402f9..2ce14a6 100644
--- a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionLoudnessEnhancer.h
+++ b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionLoudnessEnhancer.h
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
     AidlConversionLoudnessEnhancer(
             std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect> effect,
             int32_t sessionId, int32_t ioId,
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc)
-        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc) {}
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc, bool isProxyEffect)
+        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, isProxyEffect) {}
     ~AidlConversionLoudnessEnhancer() {}
 
   private:
diff --git a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionNoiseSuppression.h b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionNoiseSuppression.h
index f51e13a..fac121d 100644
--- a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionNoiseSuppression.h
+++ b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionNoiseSuppression.h
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
     AidlConversionNoiseSuppression(
             std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect> effect,
             int32_t sessionId, int32_t ioId,
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc)
-        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc) {}
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc, bool isProxyEffect)
+        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, isProxyEffect) {}
     ~AidlConversionNoiseSuppression() {}
 
   private:
diff --git a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionPresetReverb.h b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionPresetReverb.h
index 397d6e6..b975d72 100644
--- a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionPresetReverb.h
+++ b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionPresetReverb.h
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
     AidlConversionPresetReverb(
             std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect> effect,
             int32_t sessionId, int32_t ioId,
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc)
-        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc) {}
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc, bool isProxyEffect)
+        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, isProxyEffect) {}
     ~AidlConversionPresetReverb() {}
 
   private:
diff --git a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionSpatializer.h b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionSpatializer.h
index c44567c..7c60b14 100644
--- a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionSpatializer.h
+++ b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionSpatializer.h
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
     AidlConversionSpatializer(
             std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect> effect,
             int32_t sessionId, int32_t ioId,
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc)
-        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc) {}
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc, bool isProxyEffect)
+        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, isProxyEffect) {}
     ~AidlConversionSpatializer() {}
 
   private:
diff --git a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionVendorExtension.h b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionVendorExtension.h
index fd22e5c..16bfeba 100644
--- a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionVendorExtension.h
+++ b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionVendorExtension.h
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
     AidlConversionVendorExtension(
             std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect> effect,
             int32_t sessionId, int32_t ioId,
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc)
-        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc) {}
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc, bool isProxyEffect)
+        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, isProxyEffect) {}
     ~AidlConversionVendorExtension() {}
 
   private:
diff --git a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionVirtualizer.h b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionVirtualizer.h
index 91c0fcd..359d884 100644
--- a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionVirtualizer.h
+++ b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionVirtualizer.h
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
     AidlConversionVirtualizer(
             std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect> effect,
             int32_t sessionId, int32_t ioId,
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc)
-        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc) {}
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc, bool isProxyEffect)
+        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, isProxyEffect) {}
     ~AidlConversionVirtualizer() {}
 
   private:
diff --git a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionVisualizer.h b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionVisualizer.h
index e380bc6..bc9320f 100644
--- a/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionVisualizer.h
+++ b/media/libaudiohal/impl/effectsAidlConversion/AidlConversionVisualizer.h
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
     AidlConversionVisualizer(
             std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect> effect,
             int32_t sessionId, int32_t ioId,
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc)
-        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc) {}
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor& desc, bool isProxyEffect)
+        : EffectConversionHelperAidl(effect, sessionId, ioId, desc, isProxyEffect) {}
     ~AidlConversionVisualizer() {}
 
   private:
diff --git a/media/libeffects/lvm/wrapper/Aidl/BundleContext.cpp b/media/libeffects/lvm/wrapper/Aidl/BundleContext.cpp
index d026e2b..b42c2f9 100644
--- a/media/libeffects/lvm/wrapper/Aidl/BundleContext.cpp
+++ b/media/libeffects/lvm/wrapper/Aidl/BundleContext.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "BundleContext"
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <audio_utils/power.h>
 #include <Utils.h>
 
 #include "BundleContext.h"
@@ -397,15 +398,10 @@
     return db_fix;
 }
 
-// TODO: replace with more generic approach, like: audio_utils_power_from_amplitude
-int16_t BundleContext::VolToDb(uint32_t vol) const {
-    int16_t dB;
-
-    dB = LVC_ToDB_s32Tos16(vol << 7);
-    dB = (dB + 8) >> 4;
-    dB = (dB < -96) ? -96 : dB;
-
-    return dB;
+/* static */
+float BundleContext::VolToDb(float vol) {
+    float dB = audio_utils_power_from_amplitude(vol);
+    return std::max(dB, -96.f);
 }
 
 RetCode BundleContext::setVolumeStereo(const Parameter::VolumeStereo& volume) {
@@ -413,11 +409,12 @@
     LVM_ReturnStatus_en status = LVM_SUCCESS;
 
     // Convert volume to dB
-    int leftdB = VolToDb(volume.left);
-    int rightdB = VolToDb(volume.right);
-    int maxdB = std::max(leftdB, rightdB);
-    int pandB = rightdB - leftdB;
-    setVolumeLevel(maxdB * 100);
+    float leftdB = VolToDb(volume.left);
+    float rightdB = VolToDb(volume.right);
+
+    float maxdB = std::max(leftdB, rightdB);
+    float pandB = rightdB - leftdB;
+    setVolumeLevel(maxdB);
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << " pandB: " << pandB << " maxdB " << maxdB;
 
     {
@@ -551,18 +548,18 @@
     return limitLevel();
 }
 
-RetCode BundleContext::setVolumeLevel(int level) {
+RetCode BundleContext::setVolumeLevel(float level) {
     if (mMuteEnabled) {
-        mLevelSaved = level / 100;
+        mLevelSaved = level;
     } else {
-        mVolume = level / 100;
+        mVolume = level;
     }
     LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " success with level " << level;
     return limitLevel();
 }
 
-int BundleContext::getVolumeLevel() const {
-    return (mMuteEnabled ? mLevelSaved * 100 : mVolume * 100);
+float BundleContext::getVolumeLevel() const {
+    return (mMuteEnabled ? mLevelSaved : mVolume);
 }
 
 RetCode BundleContext::setVolumeMute(bool mute) {
diff --git a/media/libeffects/lvm/wrapper/Aidl/BundleContext.h b/media/libeffects/lvm/wrapper/Aidl/BundleContext.h
index 47d5e5a..072296e 100644
--- a/media/libeffects/lvm/wrapper/Aidl/BundleContext.h
+++ b/media/libeffects/lvm/wrapper/Aidl/BundleContext.h
@@ -80,8 +80,8 @@
     RetCode setBassBoostStrength(int strength);
     int getBassBoostStrength() const { return mBassStrengthSaved; }
 
-    RetCode setVolumeLevel(int level);
-    int getVolumeLevel() const;
+    RetCode setVolumeLevel(float level);
+    float getVolumeLevel() const;
 
     RetCode setVolumeMute(bool mute);
     int getVolumeMute() const { return mMuteEnabled; }
@@ -141,14 +141,14 @@
     bool mVirtualizerTempDisabled = false;
     ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceDescription mForceDevice;
     // Volume
-    int mLevelSaved = 0; /* for when mute is set, level must be saved */
-    int mVolume = 0;
+    float mLevelSaved = 0; /* for when mute is set, level must be saved */
+    float mVolume = 0;
     bool mMuteEnabled = false; /* Must store as mute = -96dB level */
 
     void initControlParameter(LVM_ControlParams_t& params) const;
     void initHeadroomParameter(LVM_HeadroomParams_t& params) const;
     RetCode limitLevel();
-    int16_t VolToDb(uint32_t vol) const;
+    static float VolToDb(float vol);
     LVM_INT16 LVC_ToDB_s32Tos16(LVM_INT32 Lin_fix) const;
     RetCode updateControlParameter(const std::vector<Equalizer::BandLevel>& bandLevels);
     bool isBandLevelIndexInRange(const std::vector<Equalizer::BandLevel>& bandLevels) const;
diff --git a/media/libeffects/lvm/wrapper/Aidl/EffectBundleAidl.cpp b/media/libeffects/lvm/wrapper/Aidl/EffectBundleAidl.cpp
index cd9fb60..eb7ab1a 100644
--- a/media/libeffects/lvm/wrapper/Aidl/EffectBundleAidl.cpp
+++ b/media/libeffects/lvm/wrapper/Aidl/EffectBundleAidl.cpp
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@
     auto tag = id.get<Volume::Id::commonTag>();
     switch (tag) {
         case Volume::levelDb: {
-            volParam.set<Volume::levelDb>(mContext->getVolumeLevel());
+            volParam.set<Volume::levelDb>(static_cast<int>(mContext->getVolumeLevel()));
             break;
         }
         case Volume::mute: {
@@ -384,6 +384,7 @@
 
     if (id.getTag() == Virtualizer::Id::speakerAnglesPayload) {
         auto angles = mContext->getSpeakerAngles(id.get<Virtualizer::Id::speakerAnglesPayload>());
+        RETURN_IF(angles.size() == 0, EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, "getSpeakerAnglesFailed");
         Virtualizer param = Virtualizer::make<Virtualizer::speakerAngles>(angles);
         specific->set<Parameter::Specific::virtualizer>(param);
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
diff --git a/media/libheif/HeifDecoderImpl.cpp b/media/libheif/HeifDecoderImpl.cpp
index 2ba1fc3..6834b7d 100644
--- a/media/libheif/HeifDecoderImpl.cpp
+++ b/media/libheif/HeifDecoderImpl.cpp
@@ -476,35 +476,37 @@
 }
 
 bool HeifDecoderImpl::setOutputColor(HeifColorFormat heifColor) {
-    if (heifColor == (HeifColorFormat)mOutputColor) {
-        return true;
-    }
-
+    android_pixel_format_t outputColor;
     switch(heifColor) {
         case kHeifColorFormat_RGB565:
         {
-            mOutputColor = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB_565;
+            outputColor = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB_565;
             break;
         }
         case kHeifColorFormat_RGBA_8888:
         {
-            mOutputColor = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888;
+            outputColor = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888;
             break;
         }
         case kHeifColorFormat_BGRA_8888:
         {
-            mOutputColor = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BGRA_8888;
+            outputColor = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BGRA_8888;
             break;
         }
         case kHeifColorFormat_RGBA_1010102:
         {
-            mOutputColor = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_1010102;
+            outputColor = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_1010102;
             break;
         }
         default:
             ALOGE("Unsupported output color format %d", heifColor);
             return false;
     }
+    if (outputColor == mOutputColor) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    mOutputColor = outputColor;
 
     if (mFrameDecoded) {
         return reinit(nullptr);
diff --git a/media/libnbaio/Android.bp b/media/libnbaio/Android.bp
index 89e9806..434ae00 100644
--- a/media/libnbaio/Android.bp
+++ b/media/libnbaio/Android.bp
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
     defaults: ["libnbaio_mono_defaults"],
 }
 
-cc_library_shared {
+cc_library {
     name: "libnbaio",
     defaults: ["libnbaio_mono_defaults"],
     srcs: [
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/MediaCodec.cpp b/media/libstagefright/MediaCodec.cpp
index 178458c..4d6c49b 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/MediaCodec.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/MediaCodec.cpp
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@
 
 #include <dlfcn.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
+#include <future>
 #include <random>
 #include <set>
-#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string>
 
 #include <C2Buffer.h>
@@ -291,6 +291,10 @@
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
+/*
+ * Implementation of IResourceManagerClient interrface that facilitates
+ * MediaCodec reclaim for the ResourceManagerService.
+ */
 struct ResourceManagerClient : public BnResourceManagerClient {
     explicit ResourceManagerClient(MediaCodec* codec, int32_t pid, int32_t uid) :
             mMediaCodec(codec), mPid(pid), mUid(uid) {}
@@ -303,7 +307,9 @@
             std::shared_ptr<IResourceManagerService> service =
                     IResourceManagerService::fromBinder(binder);
             if (service == nullptr) {
-                ALOGW("MediaCodec::ResourceManagerClient unable to find ResourceManagerService");
+                ALOGE("MediaCodec::ResourceManagerClient unable to find ResourceManagerService");
+                *_aidl_return = false;
+                return Status::fromStatus(STATUS_INVALID_OPERATION);
             }
             ClientInfoParcel clientInfo{.pid = static_cast<int32_t>(mPid),
                                 .uid = static_cast<int32_t>(mUid),
@@ -351,21 +357,25 @@
     DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ResourceManagerClient);
 };
 
-struct MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy : public RefBase {
+/*
+ * Proxy for ResourceManagerService that communicates with the
+ * ResourceManagerService for MediaCodec
+ */
+struct MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy :
+    public std::enable_shared_from_this<ResourceManagerServiceProxy> {
+
+    // BinderDiedContext defines the cookie that is passed as DeathRecipient.
+    // Since this can maintain more context than a raw pointer, we can
+    // validate the scope of ResourceManagerServiceProxy,
+    // before deferencing it upon the binder death.
+    struct BinderDiedContext {
+        std::weak_ptr<ResourceManagerServiceProxy> mRMServiceProxy;
+    };
+
     ResourceManagerServiceProxy(pid_t pid, uid_t uid,
             const std::shared_ptr<IResourceManagerClient> &client);
-    virtual ~ResourceManagerServiceProxy();
-
+    ~ResourceManagerServiceProxy();
     status_t init();
-
-    // implements DeathRecipient
-    static void BinderDiedCallback(void* cookie);
-    void binderDied();
-    static Mutex sLockCookies;
-    static std::set<void*> sCookies;
-    static void addCookie(void* cookie);
-    static void removeCookie(void* cookie);
-
     void addResource(const MediaResourceParcel &resource);
     void removeResource(const MediaResourceParcel &resource);
     void removeClient();
@@ -381,50 +391,92 @@
     }
 
 private:
-    Mutex mLock;
+    // To get the binder interface to ResourceManagerService.
+    void getService() {
+        std::scoped_lock lock{mLock};
+        getService_l();
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<IResourceManagerService> getService_l();
+
+    // To add/register all the resources currently added/registered with
+    // the ResourceManagerService.
+    // This function will be called right after the death of the Resource
+    // Manager to make sure that the newly started ResourceManagerService
+    // knows about the current resource usage.
+    void reRegisterAllResources_l();
+
+    void deinit() {
+        std::scoped_lock lock{mLock};
+        // Unregistering from DeathRecipient notification.
+        if (mService != nullptr) {
+            AIBinder_unlinkToDeath(mService->asBinder().get(), mDeathRecipient.get(), this);
+            mService = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // For binder death handling
+    static void BinderDiedCallback(void* cookie);
+    static void BinderUnlinkedCallback(void* cookie);
+
+    void binderDied() {
+        std::scoped_lock lock{mLock};
+        ALOGE("ResourceManagerService died.");
+        mService = nullptr;
+        mBinderDied = true;
+        // start an async operation that will reconnect with the RM and
+        // re-registers all the resources.
+        mGetServiceFuture = std::async(std::launch::async, [this] { getService(); });
+    }
+
+
+private:
+    std::mutex mLock;
     pid_t mPid;
     uid_t mUid;
+    bool mBinderDied = false;
     std::string mCodecName;
-    std::shared_ptr<IResourceManagerService> mService;
+    /**
+     * Reconnecting with the ResourceManagerService, after its binder interface dies,
+     * is done asynchronously. It will also make sure that, all the resources
+     * asssociated with this Proxy (MediaCodec) is added with the new instance
+     * of the ResourceManagerService to persist the state of resources.
+     * We must store the reference of the furture to guarantee real asynchronous operation.
+     */
+    std::future<void> mGetServiceFuture;
+    // To maintain the list of all the resources currently added/registered with
+    // the ResourceManagerService.
+    std::set<MediaResourceParcel> mMediaResourceParcel;
     std::shared_ptr<IResourceManagerClient> mClient;
     ::ndk::ScopedAIBinder_DeathRecipient mDeathRecipient;
+    std::shared_ptr<IResourceManagerService> mService;
 };
 
 MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy::ResourceManagerServiceProxy(
-        pid_t pid, uid_t uid, const std::shared_ptr<IResourceManagerClient> &client)
-        : mPid(pid), mUid(uid), mClient(client),
-          mDeathRecipient(AIBinder_DeathRecipient_new(BinderDiedCallback)) {
+        pid_t pid, uid_t uid, const std::shared_ptr<IResourceManagerClient> &client) :
+    mPid(pid), mUid(uid), mClient(client),
+    mDeathRecipient(::ndk::ScopedAIBinder_DeathRecipient(
+            AIBinder_DeathRecipient_new(BinderDiedCallback))) {
     if (mUid == MediaCodec::kNoUid) {
         mUid = AIBinder_getCallingUid();
     }
     if (mPid == MediaCodec::kNoPid) {
         mPid = AIBinder_getCallingPid();
     }
+    // Setting callback notification when DeathRecipient gets deleted.
+    AIBinder_DeathRecipient_setOnUnlinked(mDeathRecipient.get(), BinderUnlinkedCallback);
 }
 
 MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy::~ResourceManagerServiceProxy() {
-
-    // remove the cookie, so any in-flight death notification will get dropped
-    // by our handler.
-    removeCookie(this);
-
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mService != nullptr) {
-        AIBinder_unlinkToDeath(mService->asBinder().get(), mDeathRecipient.get(), this);
-        mService = nullptr;
-    }
+    deinit();
 }
 
 status_t MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy::init() {
-    ::ndk::SpAIBinder binder(AServiceManager_waitForService("media.resource_manager"));
-    mService = IResourceManagerService::fromBinder(binder);
-    if (mService == nullptr) {
-        ALOGE("Failed to get ResourceManagerService");
-        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
-    }
+    std::scoped_lock lock{mLock};
 
     int callerPid = AIBinder_getCallingPid();
     int callerUid = AIBinder_getCallingUid();
+
     if (mPid != callerPid || mUid != callerUid) {
         // Media processes don't need special permissions to act on behalf of other processes.
         if (callerUid != AID_MEDIA) {
@@ -437,58 +489,54 @@
         }
     }
 
+    mService = getService_l();
+    if (mService == nullptr) {
+        return DEAD_OBJECT;
+    }
+
     // Kill clients pending removal.
     mService->reclaimResourcesFromClientsPendingRemoval(mPid);
-
-    // so our handler will process the death notifications
-    addCookie(this);
-
-    // after this, require mLock whenever using mService
-    AIBinder_linkToDeath(mService->asBinder().get(), mDeathRecipient.get(), this);
     return OK;
 }
 
-//static
-// these are no_destroy to keep them from being destroyed at process exit
-// where some thread calls exit() while other threads are still running.
-// see b/194783918
-[[clang::no_destroy]] Mutex MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy::sLockCookies;
-[[clang::no_destroy]] std::set<void*> MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy::sCookies;
-
-//static
-void MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy::addCookie(void* cookie) {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(sLockCookies);
-    sCookies.insert(cookie);
-}
-
-//static
-void MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy::removeCookie(void* cookie) {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(sLockCookies);
-    sCookies.erase(cookie);
-}
-
-//static
-void MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy::BinderDiedCallback(void* cookie) {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(sLockCookies);
-    if (sCookies.find(cookie) != sCookies.end()) {
-        auto thiz = static_cast<ResourceManagerServiceProxy*>(cookie);
-        thiz->binderDied();
+std::shared_ptr<IResourceManagerService> MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy::getService_l() {
+    if (mService != nullptr) {
+        return mService;
     }
-}
 
-void MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy::binderDied() {
-    ALOGW("ResourceManagerService died.");
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    mService = nullptr;
-}
-
-void MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy::addResource(
-        const MediaResourceParcel &resource) {
-    std::vector<MediaResourceParcel> resources;
-    resources.push_back(resource);
-
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    // Get binder interface to resource manager.
+    ::ndk::SpAIBinder binder(AServiceManager_waitForService("media.resource_manager"));
+    mService = IResourceManagerService::fromBinder(binder);
     if (mService == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to get ResourceManagerService");
+        return mService;
+    }
+
+    // Create the context that is passed as cookie to the binder death notification.
+    // The context gets deleted at BinderUnlinkedCallback.
+    BinderDiedContext* context = new BinderDiedContext{.mRMServiceProxy = weak_from_this()};
+    // Register for the callbacks by linking to death notification.
+    AIBinder_linkToDeath(mService->asBinder().get(), mDeathRecipient.get(), context);
+
+    // If the RM was restarted, re-register all the resources.
+    if (mBinderDied) {
+        reRegisterAllResources_l();
+        mBinderDied = false;
+    }
+    return mService;
+}
+
+void MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy::reRegisterAllResources_l() {
+    if (mMediaResourceParcel.empty()) {
+        ALOGV("%s:%d:%p No resources to add", __func__, __LINE__, this);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<MediaResourceParcel> resources;
+    std::copy(mMediaResourceParcel.begin(), mMediaResourceParcel.end(),
+              std::back_inserter(resources));
+    if (mService == nullptr) {
+        ALOGW("%s:%d:%p Serice isn't available", __func__, __LINE__, this);
         return;
     }
     ClientInfoParcel clientInfo{.pid = static_cast<int32_t>(mPid),
@@ -498,50 +546,98 @@
     mService->addResource(clientInfo, mClient, resources);
 }
 
-void MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy::removeResource(
-        const MediaResourceParcel &resource) {
-    std::vector<MediaResourceParcel> resources;
-    resources.push_back(resource);
+void MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy::BinderDiedCallback(void* cookie) {
+    BinderDiedContext* context = reinterpret_cast<BinderDiedContext*>(cookie);
 
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mService == nullptr) {
+    // Validate the context and check if the ResourceManagerServiceProxy object is still in scope.
+    if (context != nullptr) {
+        std::shared_ptr<ResourceManagerServiceProxy> thiz = context->mRMServiceProxy.lock();
+        if (thiz != nullptr) {
+            thiz->binderDied();
+        } else {
+            ALOGI("ResourceManagerServiceProxy is out of scope already");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy::BinderUnlinkedCallback(void* cookie) {
+    BinderDiedContext* context = reinterpret_cast<BinderDiedContext*>(cookie);
+    // Since we don't need the context anymore, we are deleting it now.
+    delete context;
+}
+
+void MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy::addResource(
+        const MediaResourceParcel &resource) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock{mLock};
+    std::shared_ptr<IResourceManagerService> service = getService_l();
+    if (service == nullptr) {
+        ALOGW("%s:%d:%p Serice isn't available", __func__, __LINE__, this);
         return;
     }
+    std::vector<MediaResourceParcel> resources;
+    resources.push_back(resource);
     ClientInfoParcel clientInfo{.pid = static_cast<int32_t>(mPid),
                                 .uid = static_cast<int32_t>(mUid),
                                 .id = getId(mClient),
                                 .name = mCodecName};
-    mService->removeResource(clientInfo, resources);
+    service->addResource(clientInfo, mClient, resources);
+    mMediaResourceParcel.emplace(resource);
+}
+
+void MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy::removeResource(
+        const MediaResourceParcel &resource) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock{mLock};
+    std::shared_ptr<IResourceManagerService> service = getService_l();
+    if (service == nullptr) {
+        ALOGW("%s:%d:%p Serice isn't available", __func__, __LINE__, this);
+        return;
+    }
+    std::vector<MediaResourceParcel> resources;
+    resources.push_back(resource);
+    ClientInfoParcel clientInfo{.pid = static_cast<int32_t>(mPid),
+                                .uid = static_cast<int32_t>(mUid),
+                                .id = getId(mClient),
+                                .name = mCodecName};
+    service->removeResource(clientInfo, resources);
+    mMediaResourceParcel.erase(resource);
 }
 
 void MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy::removeClient() {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mService == nullptr) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock{mLock};
+    std::shared_ptr<IResourceManagerService> service = getService_l();
+    if (service == nullptr) {
+        ALOGW("%s:%d:%p Serice isn't available", __func__, __LINE__, this);
         return;
     }
     ClientInfoParcel clientInfo{.pid = static_cast<int32_t>(mPid),
                                 .uid = static_cast<int32_t>(mUid),
                                 .id = getId(mClient),
                                 .name = mCodecName};
-    mService->removeClient(clientInfo);
+    service->removeClient(clientInfo);
+    mMediaResourceParcel.clear();
 }
 
 void MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy::markClientForPendingRemoval() {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mService == nullptr) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock{mLock};
+    std::shared_ptr<IResourceManagerService> service = getService_l();
+    if (service == nullptr) {
+        ALOGW("%s:%d:%p Serice isn't available", __func__, __LINE__, this);
         return;
     }
     ClientInfoParcel clientInfo{.pid = static_cast<int32_t>(mPid),
                                 .uid = static_cast<int32_t>(mUid),
                                 .id = getId(mClient),
                                 .name = mCodecName};
-    mService->markClientForPendingRemoval(clientInfo);
+    service->markClientForPendingRemoval(clientInfo);
+    mMediaResourceParcel.clear();
 }
 
 bool MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy::reclaimResource(
         const std::vector<MediaResourceParcel> &resources) {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-    if (mService == NULL) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock{mLock};
+    std::shared_ptr<IResourceManagerService> service = getService_l();
+    if (service == nullptr) {
+        ALOGW("%s:%d:%p Service isn't available", __func__, __LINE__, this);
         return false;
     }
     bool success;
@@ -549,43 +645,67 @@
                                 .uid = static_cast<int32_t>(mUid),
                                 .id = getId(mClient),
                                 .name = mCodecName};
-    Status status = mService->reclaimResource(clientInfo, resources, &success);
+    Status status = service->reclaimResource(clientInfo, resources, &success);
     return status.isOk() && success;
 }
 
 void MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy::notifyClientCreated() {
+    std::scoped_lock lock{mLock};
+    std::shared_ptr<IResourceManagerService> service = getService_l();
+    if (service == nullptr) {
+        ALOGW("%s:%d:%p Serice isn't available", __func__, __LINE__, this);
+        return;
+    }
     ClientInfoParcel clientInfo{.pid = static_cast<int32_t>(mPid),
                                 .uid = static_cast<int32_t>(mUid),
                                 .id = getId(mClient),
                                 .name = mCodecName};
-    mService->notifyClientCreated(clientInfo);
+    service->notifyClientCreated(clientInfo);
 }
 
 void MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy::notifyClientStarted(
         ClientConfigParcel& clientConfig) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock{mLock};
+    std::shared_ptr<IResourceManagerService> service = getService_l();
+    if (service == nullptr) {
+        ALOGW("%s:%d:%p Serice isn't available", __func__, __LINE__, this);
+        return;
+    }
     clientConfig.clientInfo.pid = static_cast<int32_t>(mPid);
     clientConfig.clientInfo.uid = static_cast<int32_t>(mUid);
     clientConfig.clientInfo.id = getId(mClient);
     clientConfig.clientInfo.name = mCodecName;
-    mService->notifyClientStarted(clientConfig);
+    service->notifyClientStarted(clientConfig);
 }
 
 void MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy::notifyClientStopped(
         ClientConfigParcel& clientConfig) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock{mLock};
+    std::shared_ptr<IResourceManagerService> service = getService_l();
+    if (service == nullptr) {
+        ALOGW("%s:%d:%p Serice isn't available", __func__, __LINE__, this);
+        return;
+    }
     clientConfig.clientInfo.pid = static_cast<int32_t>(mPid);
     clientConfig.clientInfo.uid = static_cast<int32_t>(mUid);
     clientConfig.clientInfo.id = getId(mClient);
     clientConfig.clientInfo.name = mCodecName;
-    mService->notifyClientStopped(clientConfig);
+    service->notifyClientStopped(clientConfig);
 }
 
 void MediaCodec::ResourceManagerServiceProxy::notifyClientConfigChanged(
         ClientConfigParcel& clientConfig) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock{mLock};
+    std::shared_ptr<IResourceManagerService> service = getService_l();
+    if (service == nullptr) {
+        ALOGW("%s:%d:%p Serice isn't available", __func__, __LINE__, this);
+        return;
+    }
     clientConfig.clientInfo.pid = static_cast<int32_t>(mPid);
     clientConfig.clientInfo.uid = static_cast<int32_t>(mUid);
     clientConfig.clientInfo.id = getId(mClient);
     clientConfig.clientInfo.name = mCodecName;
-    mService->notifyClientConfigChanged(clientConfig);
+    service->notifyClientConfigChanged(clientConfig);
 }
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -1041,7 +1161,7 @@
       mGetCodecBase(getCodecBase),
       mGetCodecInfo(getCodecInfo) {
     mCodecId = GenerateCodecId();
-    mResourceManagerProxy = new ResourceManagerServiceProxy(pid, uid,
+    mResourceManagerProxy = std::make_shared<ResourceManagerServiceProxy>(pid, uid,
             ::ndk::SharedRefBase::make<ResourceManagerClient>(this, pid, uid));
     if (!mGetCodecBase) {
         mGetCodecBase = [](const AString &name, const char *owner) {
@@ -2281,9 +2401,11 @@
     std::vector<MediaResourceParcel> resources;
     resources.push_back(MediaResource::CodecResource(mFlags & kFlagIsSecure,
             toMediaResourceSubType(mDomain)));
-    // Don't know the buffer size at this point, but it's fine to use 1 because
-    // the reclaimResource call doesn't consider the requester's buffer size for now.
-    resources.push_back(MediaResource::GraphicMemoryResource(1));
+    if (mDomain == DOMAIN_VIDEO || mDomain == DOMAIN_IMAGE) {
+        // Don't know the buffer size at this point, but it's fine to use 1 because
+        // the reclaimResource call doesn't consider the requester's buffer size for now.
+        resources.push_back(MediaResource::GraphicMemoryResource(1));
+    }
     for (int i = 0; i <= kMaxRetry; ++i) {
         sp<AMessage> response;
         err = PostAndAwaitResponse(msg, &response);
@@ -2884,9 +3006,11 @@
     std::vector<MediaResourceParcel> resources;
     resources.push_back(MediaResource::CodecResource(mFlags & kFlagIsSecure,
             toMediaResourceSubType(mDomain)));
-    // Don't know the buffer size at this point, but it's fine to use 1 because
-    // the reclaimResource call doesn't consider the requester's buffer size for now.
-    resources.push_back(MediaResource::GraphicMemoryResource(1));
+    if (mDomain == DOMAIN_VIDEO || mDomain == DOMAIN_IMAGE) {
+        // Don't know the buffer size at this point, but it's fine to use 1 because
+        // the reclaimResource call doesn't consider the requester's buffer size for now.
+        resources.push_back(MediaResource::GraphicMemoryResource(1));
+    }
     for (int i = 0; i <= kMaxRetry; ++i) {
         if (i > 0) {
             // Don't try to reclaim resource for the first time.
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/include/media/stagefright/MediaCodec.h b/media/libstagefright/include/media/stagefright/MediaCodec.h
index 144ea53..3a4a34a 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/include/media/stagefright/MediaCodec.h
+++ b/media/libstagefright/include/media/stagefright/MediaCodec.h
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@
     sp<AMessage> mAsyncReleaseCompleteNotification;
     sp<AMessage> mOnFirstTunnelFrameReadyNotification;
 
-    sp<ResourceManagerServiceProxy> mResourceManagerProxy;
+    std::shared_ptr<ResourceManagerServiceProxy> mResourceManagerProxy;
 
     Domain mDomain;
     AString mLogSessionId;
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/Android.bp b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e10b0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+* Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at:
+*
+* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "libstagefright_rtsp_fuzzer_defaults",
+    shared_libs: [
+        "liblog",
+        "libmedia",
+        "libutils",
+        "libstagefright_foundation",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libdatasource",
+        "libstagefright_rtsp",
+    ],
+    header_libs: [
+        "libstagefright_rtsp_headers",
+    ],
+    fuzz_config:{
+        cc: [
+            "android-media-fuzzing-reports@google.com",
+        ],
+        componentid: 155276,
+    },
+}
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "sdploader_fuzzer",
+    srcs: [
+        "sdploader_fuzzer.cpp",
+    ],
+    defaults: [
+        "libstagefright_rtsp_fuzzer_defaults",
+    ]
+}
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "rtp_writer_fuzzer",
+    srcs: [
+        "rtp_writer_fuzzer.cpp",
+    ],
+    defaults: [
+        "libstagefright_rtsp_fuzzer_defaults",
+    ],
+    shared_libs:[
+        "libandroid_net",
+        "libbase",
+        "libstagefright",
+        "libcutils",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/README.md b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..657fb48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# Fuzzers for libstagefright_rtsp
+
+## Table of contents
++ [sdploader_fuzzer](#SDPLoader)
++ [rtp_writer_fuzzer](#ARTPWriter)
+
+# <a name="SDPLoader"></a> Fuzzer for SDPLoader
+
+SDPLoader supports the following parameters:
+1. Flag (parameter name: "flags")
+2. URL (parameter name: "url")
+3. Header (parameter name: "headers")
+
+| Parameter| Valid Values| Configured Value|
+|------------- |-------------| ----- |
+|`flags`| `UINT32_MIN`  to  `UINT32_MAX` |Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+|`url`| `String` |Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+|`headers`| `String` |Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+
+#### Steps to run
+1. Build the fuzzer
+```
+  $ mm -j$(nproc) sdploader_fuzzer
+```
+2. Run on device
+```
+  $ adb sync data
+  $ adb shell /data/fuzz/arm64/sdploader_fuzzer/sdploader_fuzzer
+```
+
+# <a name="ARTPWriter"></a> Fuzzer for ARTPWriter
+
+ARTPWriter supports the following parameters:
+1. File descriptor (parameter name: "fd")
+2. Local Ip (parameter name: "localIp")
+3. Local Port (parameter name: "localPort")
+4. Remote Ip (parameter name: "remoteIp")
+5. Remote Port (parameter name: "remotePort")
+6. Sequence No (parameter name: "seqNo")
+7. OpponentID (parameter name: "opponentID")
+8. Bit Rate (parameter name: "bitrate")
+9. kKeyMIMETypeArray (parameter name: "mimeType")
+
+| Parameter| Valid Values| Configured Value|
+|------------- |-------------| ----- |
+|`localIp`| `String` |Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+|`localPort`| `UINT32_MIN`  to  `UINT32_MAX` |Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+|`remoteIp`| `String` |Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+|`remotePort`| `UINT32_MIN`  to  `UINT32_MAX` |Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+|`seqNo`| `0`  to  `10000000` |Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+|`opponentID`| `UINT32_MIN`  to  `UINT32_MAX` |Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+|`bitrate`| `UINT32_MIN`  to  `UINT32_MAX` |Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+|`mimeType`| 0. `MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AVC`<br> 1. `MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_HEVC`<br> 2. `MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_H263`<br> 3. `MEDIA_MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AMR_NB`<br> 4. `MEDIA_MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AMR_WB`|Value obtained from FuzzedDataProvider|
+
+#### Steps to run
+1. Build the fuzzer
+```
+  $ mm -j$(nproc) rtp_writer_fuzzer
+```
+2. Run on device
+```
+  $ adb sync data
+  $ adb shell /data/fuzz/arm64/rtp_writer_fuzzer/rtp_writer_fuzzer
+```
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/rtp_writer_fuzzer.cpp b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/rtp_writer_fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d9f923
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/rtp_writer_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+#include <media/stagefright/MediaBuffer.h>
+#include <media/stagefright/MediaDefs.h>
+#include <media/stagefright/rtsp/ARTPWriter.h>
+
+constexpr int32_t kMinSize = 0;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxSize = 65536;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxTime = 1000;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxBytes = 128;
+constexpr int32_t kAMRNBFrameSizes[] = {13, 14, 16, 18, 20, 21, 27, 32};
+constexpr int32_t kAMRWBFrameSizes[] = {18, 24, 33, 37, 41, 47, 51, 59, 61};
+constexpr int32_t kAMRIndexOffset = 8;
+
+using namespace android;
+
+const char* kKeyMimeTypeArray[] = {MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AVC, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_HEVC,
+                                   MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_H263, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AMR_NB,
+                                   MEDIA_MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AMR_WB};
+
+struct TestMediaSource : public MediaSource {
+  public:
+    TestMediaSource(FuzzedDataProvider& mFdp) : mTestMetaData(new MetaData) {
+        int32_t vectorSize = 0;
+        mAllowRead = mFdp.ConsumeBool();
+        mKeySps = mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+        mKeyVps = mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+        mKeyPps = mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>();
+        mKeyTime = mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int64_t>(kMinSize, kMaxTime);
+
+        mMimeType = mFdp.PickValueInArray(kKeyMimeTypeArray);
+        mTestMetaData->setCString(kKeyMIMEType, mMimeType);
+        if (mMimeType == MEDIA_MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AMR_NB) {
+            int32_t index =
+                    mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinSize, std::size(kAMRNBFrameSizes) - 1);
+            vectorSize = kAMRNBFrameSizes[index];
+            mData.push_back(kAMRIndexOffset * index);
+        } else if (mMimeType == MEDIA_MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AMR_WB) {
+            int32_t index =
+                    mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinSize, std::size(kAMRWBFrameSizes) - 1);
+            vectorSize = kAMRWBFrameSizes[index];
+            mData.push_back(kAMRIndexOffset * index);
+        } else if (mMimeType == MEDIA_MIMETYPE_VIDEO_H263) {
+            // Required format for H263 media data
+            mData.push_back(0);
+            mData.push_back(0);
+            vectorSize = mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinSize, kMaxSize);
+        } else {
+            vectorSize = mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinSize, kMaxSize);
+        }
+        for (size_t idx = mData.size(); idx < vectorSize; ++idx) {
+            mData.push_back(mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint8_t>());
+        }
+    }
+    virtual status_t start(MetaData* /*params*/) { return OK; }
+    virtual status_t stop() { return OK; }
+    virtual sp<MetaData> getFormat() { return mTestMetaData; }
+    virtual status_t read(MediaBufferBase** buffer, const ReadOptions* /*options*/) {
+        if (!mAllowRead) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        *buffer = new MediaBuffer(mData.data() /*data*/, mData.size() /*size*/);
+        if (mKeySps) {
+            (*buffer)->meta_data().setInt32(kKeySps, mKeySps);
+        }
+        if (mKeyVps) {
+            (*buffer)->meta_data().setInt32(kKeyVps, mKeyVps);
+        }
+        if (mKeyPps) {
+            (*buffer)->meta_data().setInt32(kKeyPps, mKeyPps);
+        }
+        (*buffer)->meta_data().setInt64(kKeyTime, mKeyTime);
+        return OK;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    int32_t mKeySps;
+    int32_t mKeyVps;
+    int32_t mKeyPps;
+    int64_t mKeyTime;
+    bool mAllowRead;
+    const char* mMimeType;
+    sp<MetaData> mTestMetaData;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> mData;
+};
+
+class ARTPWriterFuzzer {
+  public:
+    ARTPWriterFuzzer(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
+        : mDataSourceFd(memfd_create("InputFile", MFD_ALLOW_SEALING)), mFdp(data, size) {}
+    ~ARTPWriterFuzzer() { close(mDataSourceFd); }
+    void process();
+
+  private:
+    void createARTPWriter();
+    const int32_t mDataSourceFd;
+    FuzzedDataProvider mFdp;
+    sp<ARTPWriter> mArtpWriter;
+};
+
+void ARTPWriterFuzzer::createARTPWriter() {
+    String8 localIp = String8(mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes).c_str());
+    String8 remoteIp = String8(mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes).c_str());
+    mArtpWriter = sp<ARTPWriter>::make(
+            mDataSourceFd, localIp, mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint16_t>() /* localPort */, remoteIp,
+            mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint16_t>() /* remotePort */,
+            mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<uint32_t>(kMinSize, kMaxSize) /* seqNo */);
+}
+
+void ARTPWriterFuzzer::process() {
+    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+        mArtpWriter = sp<ARTPWriter>::make(mDataSourceFd);
+        if (mArtpWriter->getSequenceNum() > kMaxSize) {
+            createARTPWriter();
+        }
+    } else {
+        createARTPWriter();
+    }
+
+    mArtpWriter->addSource(sp<TestMediaSource>::make(mFdp) /* source */);
+
+    while (mFdp.remaining_bytes()) {
+        auto invokeRTPWriterFuzzer = mFdp.PickValueInArray<const std::function<void()>>({
+                [&]() {
+                    sp<MetaData> metaData = sp<MetaData>::make();
+                    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+                        metaData->setInt32(kKeySelfID, mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
+                    }
+                    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+                        metaData->setInt32(kKeyPayloadType, mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
+                    }
+                    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+                        metaData->setInt32(kKeyRtpExtMap, mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
+                    }
+                    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+                        metaData->setInt32(kKeyRtpCvoDegrees, mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
+                    }
+                    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+                        metaData->setInt32(kKeyRtpDscp, mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>());
+                    }
+                    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+                        metaData->setInt64(kKeySocketNetwork, mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int64_t>());
+                    }
+                    mArtpWriter->start(metaData.get() /*param*/);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    mArtpWriter->setTMMBNInfo(mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>() /* opponentID */,
+                                              mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>() /* bitrate */);
+                },
+                [&]() { mArtpWriter->stop(); },
+                [&]() {
+                    mArtpWriter->updateCVODegrees(mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* cvoDegrees */);
+                },
+                [&]() {
+                    mArtpWriter->updatePayloadType(
+                            mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<int32_t>() /* payloadType */);
+                },
+
+        });
+        invokeRTPWriterFuzzer();
+    }
+}
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    ARTPWriterFuzzer artpWriterFuzzer(data, size);
+    artpWriterFuzzer.process();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/sdploader_fuzzer.cpp b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/sdploader_fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c37bfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/libstagefright/rtsp/fuzzer/sdploader_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <datasource/HTTPBase.h>
+#include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+#include <media/MediaHTTPConnection.h>
+#include <media/MediaHTTPService.h>
+#include <media/stagefright/MediaDefs.h>
+#include <media/stagefright/rtsp/SDPLoader.h>
+
+using namespace android;
+
+constexpr int32_t kMinCapacity = 0;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxCapacity = 1000;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxStringLength = 20;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxBytes = 128;
+enum { kWhatLoad = 'load' };
+
+struct FuzzAHandler : public AHandler {
+  public:
+    FuzzAHandler(std::function<void()> signalEosFunction) : mSignalEosFunction(signalEosFunction) {}
+
+  protected:
+    void onMessageReceived(const sp<AMessage>& msg) override {
+        switch (msg->what()) {
+            case kWhatLoad: {
+                mSignalEosFunction();
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    std::function<void()> mSignalEosFunction;
+};
+
+struct FuzzMediaHTTPConnection : public MediaHTTPConnection {
+  public:
+    FuzzMediaHTTPConnection(FuzzedDataProvider* fdp) : mFdp(fdp) {
+        mSize = mFdp->ConsumeIntegralInRange(kMinCapacity, kMaxCapacity);
+        mData = mFdp->ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(mSize);
+        mSize = mData.size();
+    }
+    virtual bool connect(const char* /* uri */,
+                         const KeyedVector<String8, String8>* /* headers */) {
+        return mFdp->ConsumeBool();
+    }
+    virtual void disconnect() { return; }
+    virtual ssize_t readAt(off64_t offset, void* data, size_t size) {
+        if (size <= mSize - offset) {
+            data = mData.data() + offset;
+            return size;
+        } else {
+            data = nullptr;
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+    virtual off64_t getSize() { return mSize; }
+    virtual status_t getMIMEType(String8* /*mimeType*/) {return mFdp->ConsumeIntegral<status_t>();}
+    virtual status_t getUri(String8* /*uri*/) {return mFdp->ConsumeIntegral<status_t>();}
+
+  private:
+    FuzzedDataProvider* mFdp = nullptr;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> mData;
+    size_t mSize = 0;
+};
+
+struct FuzzMediaHTTPService : public MediaHTTPService {
+  public:
+    FuzzMediaHTTPService(FuzzedDataProvider* fdp) : mFdp(fdp) {}
+    virtual sp<MediaHTTPConnection> makeHTTPConnection() {
+        mediaHTTPConnection = sp<FuzzMediaHTTPConnection>::make(mFdp);
+        return mediaHTTPConnection;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    sp<FuzzMediaHTTPConnection> mediaHTTPConnection = nullptr;
+    FuzzedDataProvider* mFdp = nullptr;
+};
+
+class SDPLoaderFuzzer {
+  public:
+    SDPLoaderFuzzer(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) : mFdp(data, size) {}
+    void process();
+
+  private:
+    void signalEos();
+
+    bool mEosReached = false;
+    std::mutex mMsgPostCompleteMutex;
+    std::condition_variable mConditionalVariable;
+    FuzzedDataProvider mFdp;
+};
+
+void SDPLoaderFuzzer::signalEos() {
+    mEosReached = true;
+    mConditionalVariable.notify_one();
+    return;
+}
+
+void SDPLoaderFuzzer::process() {
+    sp<FuzzAHandler> handler = sp<FuzzAHandler>::make(std::bind(&SDPLoaderFuzzer::signalEos, this));
+    sp<ALooper> looper = sp<ALooper>::make();
+    looper->start();
+    looper->registerHandler(handler);
+    const sp<AMessage> notify = sp<AMessage>::make(kWhatLoad, handler);
+    sp<SDPLoader> sdpLoader =
+            sp<SDPLoader>::make(notify, mFdp.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>() /* flags */,
+                                sp<FuzzMediaHTTPService>::make(&mFdp) /* httpService */);
+
+    KeyedVector<String8, String8> headers;
+    for (size_t idx = 0; idx < mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinCapacity, kMaxCapacity);
+         ++idx) {
+        headers.add(String8(mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes).c_str()) /* key */,
+                    String8(mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes).c_str()) /* value */);
+    }
+
+    sdpLoader->load(mFdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(kMaxBytes).c_str() /* url */, &headers);
+
+    std::unique_lock waitForMsgPostComplete(mMsgPostCompleteMutex);
+    mConditionalVariable.wait(waitForMsgPostComplete, [this] { return mEosReached; });
+}
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    SDPLoaderFuzzer sdpLoaderFuzzer(data, size);
+    sdpLoaderFuzzer.process();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/media/module/extractors/mp4/MPEG4Extractor.cpp b/media/module/extractors/mp4/MPEG4Extractor.cpp
index eaca75c..987e6eb 100644
--- a/media/module/extractors/mp4/MPEG4Extractor.cpp
+++ b/media/module/extractors/mp4/MPEG4Extractor.cpp
@@ -2007,7 +2007,7 @@
             uint8_t mhac_header[mhac_header_size];
             off64_t data_offset = *offset;
 
-            if (chunk_size < sizeof(mhac_header)) {
+            if (mLastTrack == NULL || chunk_size < sizeof(mhac_header)) {
                 return ERROR_MALFORMED;
             }
 
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/Android.bp b/media/ndk/fuzzer/Android.bp
index a3d6a96..6d7dda9 100644
--- a/media/ndk/fuzzer/Android.bp
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/Android.bp
@@ -56,6 +56,14 @@
             "android-media-fuzzing-reports@google.com",
         ],
         componentid: 155276,
+        hotlists: [
+            "4593311",
+        ],
+        description: "The fuzzer targets the APIs of libmediandk library",
+        vector: "local_no_privileges_required",
+        service_privilege: "privileged",
+        users: "multi_user",
+        fuzzed_code_usage: "shipped",
     },
 }
 
@@ -116,3 +124,16 @@
     header_libs: ["libnativewindow_headers",],
     defaults: ["libmediandk_fuzzer_defaults",],
 }
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "ndk_async_codec_fuzzer",
+    srcs: [
+           "ndk_async_codec_fuzzer.cpp",
+           "NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase.cpp",
+          ],
+    header_libs: [
+           "libnativewindow_headers",
+           "libutils_headers",
+          ],
+    defaults: ["libmediandk_fuzzer_defaults",],
+}
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/README.md b/media/ndk/fuzzer/README.md
index 0fd08b0..7f6bdd7 100644
--- a/media/ndk/fuzzer/README.md
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/README.md
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 + [ndk_drm_fuzzer](#NdkDrm)
 + [ndk_mediamuxer_fuzzer](#NdkMediaMuxer)
 + [ndk_sync_codec_fuzzer](#NdkSyncCodec)
++ [ndk_async_codec_fuzzer](#NdkAsyncCodec)
 
 # <a name="NdkCrypto"></a> Fuzzer for NdkCrypto
 
@@ -156,3 +157,16 @@
   $ adb sync data
   $ adb shell /data/fuzz/arm64/ndk_sync_codec_fuzzer/ndk_sync_codec_fuzzer
 ```
+
+# <a name="NdkAsyncCodec"></a>Fuzzer for NdkAsyncCodec
+
+#### Steps to run
+1. Build the fuzzer
+```
+  $ mm -j$(nproc) ndk_async_codec_fuzzer
+```
+2. Run on device
+```
+  $ adb sync data
+  $ adb shell /data/fuzz/arm64/ndk_async_codec_fuzzer/ndk_sync_codec_fuzzer
+```
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_async_codec_fuzzer.cpp b/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_async_codec_fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28a38fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_async_codec_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,441 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#include <NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase.h>
+#include <media/NdkMediaFormatPriv.h>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <queue>
+#include <thread>
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace std;
+
+constexpr int32_t kMaxCryptoInfoAPIs = 3;
+constexpr int32_t kMaxNdkCodecAPIs = 5;
+
+template <typename T>
+class CallBackQueue {
+  public:
+    void push(T elem) {
+        bool needsNotify = false;
+        {
+            unique_lock<mutex> lock(mMutex);
+            needsNotify = mQueue.empty();
+            mQueue.push(std::move(elem));
+        }
+        if (needsNotify) {
+            mQueueNotEmptyCondition.notify_one();
+        }
+    }
+
+    T pop() {
+        unique_lock<mutex> lock(mMutex);
+        if (mQueue.empty()) {
+            mQueueNotEmptyCondition.wait(lock, [this]() { return !mQueue.empty(); });
+        }
+        auto result = mQueue.front();
+        mQueue.pop();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    mutex mMutex;
+    std::queue<T> mQueue;
+    std::condition_variable mQueueNotEmptyCondition;
+};
+
+class CallBackHandle {
+  public:
+    CallBackHandle() : mSawError(false), mIsDone(false) {}
+
+    virtual ~CallBackHandle() {}
+
+    void ioThread();
+
+    // Implementation in child class (Decoder/Encoder)
+    virtual void invokeInputBufferAPI(AMediaCodec* codec, int32_t index) {
+        (void)codec;
+        (void)index;
+    }
+    virtual void onFormatChanged(AMediaCodec* codec, AMediaFormat* format) {
+        (void)codec;
+        (void)format;
+    }
+    virtual void receiveError(void) {}
+    virtual void invokeOutputBufferAPI(AMediaCodec* codec, int32_t index,
+                                       AMediaCodecBufferInfo* bufferInfo) {
+        (void)codec;
+        (void)index;
+        (void)bufferInfo;
+    }
+
+    // Keep a queue of all function callbacks.
+    typedef function<void()> IOTask;
+    CallBackQueue<IOTask> mIOQueue;
+    bool mSawError;
+    bool mIsDone;
+};
+
+void CallBackHandle::ioThread() {
+    while (!mIsDone && !mSawError) {
+        auto task = mIOQueue.pop();
+        task();
+    }
+}
+
+static void onAsyncInputAvailable(AMediaCodec* codec, void* userdata, int32_t index) {
+    CallBackHandle* self = (CallBackHandle*)userdata;
+    self->mIOQueue.push([self, codec, index]() { self->invokeInputBufferAPI(codec, index); });
+}
+
+static void onAsyncOutputAvailable(AMediaCodec* codec, void* userdata, int32_t index,
+                                   AMediaCodecBufferInfo* bufferInfo) {
+    CallBackHandle* self = (CallBackHandle*)userdata;
+    AMediaCodecBufferInfo bufferInfoCopy = *bufferInfo;
+    self->mIOQueue.push([self, codec, index, bufferInfoCopy]() {
+        AMediaCodecBufferInfo bc = bufferInfoCopy;
+        self->invokeOutputBufferAPI(codec, index, &bc);
+    });
+}
+
+static void onAsyncFormatChanged(AMediaCodec* codec, void* userdata, AMediaFormat* format) {
+    (void)codec;
+    (void)userdata;
+    (void)format;
+};
+
+static void onAsyncError(AMediaCodec* codec, void* userdata, media_status_t err, int32_t actionCode,
+                         const char* detail) {
+    CallBackHandle* self = (CallBackHandle*)userdata;
+    self->mSawError = true;
+    self->receiveError();
+    (void)codec;
+    (void)err;
+    (void)actionCode;
+    (void)detail;
+};
+
+class NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer : public NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase, public CallBackHandle {
+  public:
+    NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
+        : NdkMediaCodecFuzzerBase(), mFdp(data, size) {
+        setFdp(&mFdp);
+        mStopCodec = false;
+        mSawInputEOS = false;
+        mSignalledError = false;
+        mIsEncoder = false;
+        mNumOfFrames = 0;
+        mNumInputFrames = 0;
+    };
+    ~NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer() {
+        mIOThreadPool->stop();
+        delete (mIOThreadPool);
+    };
+
+    void process();
+
+    static void codecOnFrameRendered(AMediaCodec* codec, void* userdata, int64_t mediaTimeUs,
+                                     int64_t systemNano) {
+        (void)codec;
+        (void)userdata;
+        (void)mediaTimeUs;
+        (void)systemNano;
+    };
+    class ThreadPool {
+      public:
+        void start();
+        void queueJob(const std::function<void()>& job);
+        void stop();
+
+      private:
+        void ThreadLoop();
+        bool mShouldTerminate = false;
+        std::vector<std::thread> mThreads;
+        std::mutex mQueueMutex;
+        std::condition_variable mQueueMutexCondition;
+        std::queue<std::function<void()>> mJobs;
+    };
+
+  private:
+    FuzzedDataProvider mFdp;
+    AMediaCodec* mCodec = nullptr;
+    void invokeCodecCryptoInfoAPI();
+    void invokekAsyncCodecAPIs(bool isEncoder);
+    void invokeAsyncCodeConfigAPI();
+    void invokeInputBufferAPI(AMediaCodec* codec, int32_t bufferIndex);
+    void invokeOutputBufferAPI(AMediaCodec* codec, int32_t bufferIndex,
+                               AMediaCodecBufferInfo* bufferInfo);
+    void invokeFormatAPI(AMediaCodec* codec);
+    void receiveError();
+    bool mStopCodec;
+    bool mSawInputEOS;
+    bool mSignalledError;
+    int32_t mNumOfFrames;
+    int32_t mNumInputFrames;
+    mutable Mutex mMutex;
+    bool mIsEncoder;
+    ThreadPool* mIOThreadPool = new ThreadPool();
+};
+
+void NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer::ThreadPool::start() {
+    const uint32_t numThreads = std::thread::hardware_concurrency();
+    mThreads.resize(numThreads);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < numThreads; ++i) {
+        mThreads.at(i) = std::thread(&ThreadPool::ThreadLoop, this);
+    }
+}
+
+void NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer::ThreadPool::ThreadLoop() {
+    while (true) {
+        std::function<void()> job;
+        {
+            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mQueueMutex);
+            mQueueMutexCondition.wait(lock, [this] { return !mJobs.empty() || mShouldTerminate; });
+            if (mShouldTerminate) {
+                return;
+            }
+            job = mJobs.front();
+            mJobs.pop();
+        }
+        job();
+    }
+}
+
+void NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer::ThreadPool::queueJob(const std::function<void()>& job) {
+    {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mQueueMutex);
+        mJobs.push(job);
+    }
+    mQueueMutexCondition.notify_one();
+}
+
+void NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer::ThreadPool::stop() {
+    {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mQueueMutex);
+        mShouldTerminate = true;
+    }
+    mQueueMutexCondition.notify_all();
+    for (std::thread& active_thread : mThreads) {
+        active_thread.join();
+    }
+    mThreads.clear();
+}
+
+void NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer::receiveError(void) {
+    mSignalledError = true;
+}
+
+void NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer::invokeInputBufferAPI(AMediaCodec* codec, int32_t bufferIndex) {
+    size_t bufferSize = 0;
+    Mutex::Autolock autoLock(mMutex);
+    if (mSignalledError) {
+        CallBackHandle::mSawError = true;
+        return;
+    }
+    if (mStopCodec || bufferIndex < 0 || mSawInputEOS) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint8_t* buffer = AMediaCodec_getInputBuffer(codec, bufferIndex, &bufferSize);
+    if (buffer) {
+        std::vector<uint8_t> bytesRead = mFdp.ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(
+                std::min(mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes), bufferSize));
+        memcpy(buffer, bytesRead.data(), bytesRead.size());
+        bufferSize = bytesRead.size();
+    } else {
+        mSignalledError = true;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t flag = 0;
+    if (!bufferSize || mNumInputFrames == mNumOfFrames) {
+        flag |= AMEDIACODEC_BUFFER_FLAG_END_OF_STREAM;
+        mSawInputEOS = true;
+    }
+    AMediaCodec_queueInputBuffer(codec, bufferIndex, 0 /* offset */, bufferSize, 0 /* time */,
+                                 flag);
+    mNumInputFrames++;
+}
+
+void NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer::invokeOutputBufferAPI(AMediaCodec* codec, int32_t bufferIndex,
+                                                AMediaCodecBufferInfo* bufferInfo) {
+    size_t bufferSize = 0;
+    Mutex::Autolock autoLock(mMutex);
+
+    if (mSignalledError) {
+        CallBackHandle::mSawError = true;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (mStopCodec || bufferIndex < 0 || mIsDone) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!mIsEncoder) {
+        (void)AMediaCodec_getOutputBuffer(codec, bufferIndex, &bufferSize);
+    }
+    AMediaCodec_releaseOutputBuffer(codec, bufferIndex, mFdp.ConsumeBool());
+    mIsDone = (0 != (bufferInfo->flags & AMEDIACODEC_BUFFER_FLAG_END_OF_STREAM));
+}
+
+void NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer::invokeFormatAPI(AMediaCodec* codec) {
+    AMediaFormat* codecFormat = nullptr;
+    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+        codecFormat = AMediaCodec_getInputFormat(codec);
+    } else {
+        codecFormat = AMediaCodec_getOutputFormat(codec);
+    }
+    if (codecFormat) {
+        AMediaFormat_delete(codecFormat);
+    }
+}
+
+void NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer::invokekAsyncCodecAPIs(bool isEncoder) {
+    ANativeWindow* nativeWindow = nullptr;
+
+    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+        AMediaCodec_createInputSurface(mCodec, &nativeWindow);
+    }
+
+    if (AMEDIA_OK == AMediaCodec_configure(mCodec, getCodecFormat(), nativeWindow,
+                                           nullptr /* crypto */,
+                                           (isEncoder ? AMEDIACODEC_CONFIGURE_FLAG_ENCODE : 0))) {
+        mNumOfFrames = mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinIterations, kMaxIterations);
+        // Configure codecs to run in async mode.
+        AMediaCodecOnAsyncNotifyCallback callBack = {onAsyncInputAvailable, onAsyncOutputAvailable,
+                                                     onAsyncFormatChanged, onAsyncError};
+        AMediaCodec_setAsyncNotifyCallback(mCodec, callBack, this);
+        mIOThreadPool->queueJob([this] { CallBackHandle::ioThread(); });
+
+        AMediaCodec_start(mCodec);
+        sleep(5);
+        int32_t count = 0;
+        while (++count <= mNumOfFrames) {
+            int32_t ndkcodecAPI =
+                    mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinAPICase, kMaxNdkCodecAPIs);
+            switch (ndkcodecAPI) {
+                case 0: {  // get input and output Format
+                    invokeFormatAPI(mCodec);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 1: {
+                    AMediaCodec_signalEndOfInputStream(mCodec);
+                    mSawInputEOS = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 2: {  // set parameters
+                    // Create a new parameter and set
+                    AMediaFormat* params = AMediaFormat_new();
+                    AMediaFormat_setInt32(
+                            params, "video-bitrate",
+                            mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinIntKeyValue, kMaxIntKeyValue));
+                    AMediaCodec_setParameters(mCodec, params);
+                    AMediaFormat_delete(params);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 3: {  // flush codec
+                    AMediaCodec_flush(mCodec);
+                    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+                        AMediaCodec_start(mCodec);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 4: {
+                    char* name = nullptr;
+                    AMediaCodec_getName(mCodec, &name);
+                    AMediaCodec_releaseName(mCodec, name);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 5:
+                default: {
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> userData = mFdp.ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(
+                            mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes));
+                    AMediaCodecOnFrameRendered callback = codecOnFrameRendered;
+                    AMediaCodec_setOnFrameRenderedCallback(mCodec, callback, userData.data());
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        {
+            Mutex::Autolock autoLock(mMutex);
+            mStopCodec = 1;
+            AMediaCodec_stop(mCodec);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (nativeWindow) {
+        ANativeWindow_release(nativeWindow);
+    }
+}
+
+void NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer::invokeAsyncCodeConfigAPI() {
+    mIOThreadPool->start();
+
+    while (mFdp.remaining_bytes() > 0) {
+        mIsEncoder = mFdp.ConsumeBool();
+        mCodec = createCodec(mIsEncoder, mFdp.ConsumeBool() /* isCodecForClient */);
+        if (mCodec) {
+            invokekAsyncCodecAPIs(mIsEncoder);
+            AMediaCodec_delete(mCodec);
+        }
+    }
+    mIOThreadPool->stop();
+}
+
+void NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer::invokeCodecCryptoInfoAPI() {
+    while (mFdp.remaining_bytes() > 0) {
+        AMediaCodecCryptoInfo* cryptoInfo = getAMediaCodecCryptoInfo();
+        int32_t ndkCryptoInfoAPI =
+                mFdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinAPICase, kMaxCryptoInfoAPIs);
+        switch (ndkCryptoInfoAPI) {
+            case 0: {
+                size_t sizes[kMaxCryptoKey];
+                AMediaCodecCryptoInfo_getEncryptedBytes(cryptoInfo, sizes);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 1: {
+                size_t sizes[kMaxCryptoKey];
+                AMediaCodecCryptoInfo_getClearBytes(cryptoInfo, sizes);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 2: {
+                uint8_t bytes[kMaxCryptoKey];
+                AMediaCodecCryptoInfo_getIV(cryptoInfo, bytes);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 3:
+            default: {
+                uint8_t bytes[kMaxCryptoKey];
+                AMediaCodecCryptoInfo_getKey(cryptoInfo, bytes);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        AMediaCodecCryptoInfo_delete(cryptoInfo);
+    }
+}
+
+void NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer::process() {
+    if (mFdp.ConsumeBool()) {
+        invokeCodecCryptoInfoAPI();
+    } else {
+        invokeAsyncCodeConfigAPI();
+    }
+}
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    NdkAsyncCodecFuzzer ndkAsyncCodecFuzzer(data, size);
+    ndkAsyncCodecFuzzer.process();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_mediaformat_fuzzer.cpp b/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_mediaformat_fuzzer.cpp
index c19ea13..23e2eaf 100644
--- a/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_mediaformat_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/media/ndk/fuzzer/ndk_mediaformat_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
 #include <media/NdkMediaFormat.h>
+#include <media/stagefright/foundation/AMessage.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
@@ -176,11 +177,13 @@
 constexpr size_t kMaxBytes = 1000;
 constexpr size_t kMinChoice = 0;
 constexpr size_t kMaxChoice = 9;
+const size_t kMaxIteration = android::AMessage::maxAllowedEntries();
 
 extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
     FuzzedDataProvider fdp(data, size);
     AMediaFormat* mediaFormat = AMediaFormat_new();
-    while (fdp.remaining_bytes()) {
+    std::vector<std::string> nameCollection;
+    while (fdp.remaining_bytes() && nameCollection.size() < kMaxIteration) {
         const char* name = nullptr;
         std::string nameString;
         if (fdp.ConsumeBool()) {
@@ -190,6 +193,11 @@
                             : fdp.ConsumeRandomLengthString(
                                       fdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(kMinBytes, kMaxBytes));
             name = nameString.c_str();
+            std::vector<std::string>::iterator it =
+                    find(nameCollection.begin(), nameCollection.end(), name);
+            if (it == nameCollection.end()) {
+                nameCollection.push_back(name);
+            }
         }
         switch (fdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<int32_t>(kMinChoice, kMaxChoice)) {
             case 0: {
diff --git a/media/utils/tests/Android.bp b/media/utils/tests/Android.bp
index 0689083..3fdc6eb 100644
--- a/media/utils/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/media/utils/tests/Android.bp
@@ -200,7 +200,10 @@
     name: "timerthread_tests",
 
     defaults: ["libmediautils_tests_defaults"],
-
+    // TODO(b/270180838)
+    test_options: {
+        unit_test: false,
+    },
     srcs: [
         "TimerThread-test.cpp",
     ],
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/Android.bp b/services/audioflinger/Android.bp
index fc18886..c6ce51f 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/Android.bp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/Android.bp
@@ -134,10 +134,56 @@
     ],
 }
 
-cc_library_shared {
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "libaudioflinger_dependencies",
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "audioflinger-aidl-cpp",
+        "audioclient-types-aidl-cpp",
+        "av-types-aidl-cpp",
+        "effect-aidl-cpp",
+        "libaudioclient_aidl_conversion",
+        "libactivitymanager_aidl",
+        "libaudioflinger_fastpath",
+        "libaudioflinger_timing",
+        "libaudioflinger_utils",
+        "libaudiofoundation",
+        "libaudiohal",
+        "libaudioprocessing",
+        "libaudioutils",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libutils",
+        "liblog",
+        "libbinder",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libaudioclient",
+        "libaudiomanager",
+        "libmediametrics",
+        "libmediautils",
+        "libnbaio",
+        "libnblog",
+        "libpermission",
+        "libpowermanager",
+        "libmemunreachable",
+        "libmedia_helper",
+        "libshmemcompat",
+        "libsounddose",
+        "libvibrator",
+        "packagemanager_aidl-cpp",
+    ],
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "libmedialogservice",
+        "libaudiospdif",
+    ],
+}
+
+
+cc_library {
     name: "libaudioflinger",
 
     defaults: [
+        "libaudioflinger_dependencies",
         "latest_android_media_audio_common_types_cpp_shared",
         "latest_android_hardware_audio_core_sounddose_ndk_shared",
         "audioflinger_flags_defaults",
@@ -163,43 +209,6 @@
         "frameworks/av/services/medialog",
     ],
 
-    shared_libs: [
-        "audioflinger-aidl-cpp",
-        "audioclient-types-aidl-cpp",
-        "av-types-aidl-cpp",
-        "effect-aidl-cpp",
-        "libaudioclient_aidl_conversion",
-        "libactivitymanager_aidl",
-        "libaudioflinger_fastpath",
-        "libaudioflinger_timing",
-        "libaudioflinger_utils",
-        "libaudiofoundation",
-        "libaudiohal",
-        "libaudioprocessing",
-        "libaudiospdif",
-        "libaudioutils",
-        "libcutils",
-        "libutils",
-        "liblog",
-        "libbinder",
-        "libbinder_ndk",
-        "libaudioclient",
-        "libaudiomanager",
-        "libmedialogservice",
-        "libmediametrics",
-        "libmediautils",
-        "libnbaio",
-        "libnblog",
-        "libpermission",
-        "libpowermanager",
-        "libmemunreachable",
-        "libmedia_helper",
-        "libshmemcompat",
-        "libsounddose",
-        "libvibrator",
-        "packagemanager_aidl-cpp",
-    ],
-
     static_libs: [
         "libcpustats",
         "libpermission",
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioOutputDescriptor.h b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioOutputDescriptor.h
index 876911d..febccac 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioOutputDescriptor.h
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioOutputDescriptor.h
@@ -424,6 +424,15 @@
     bool supportsAllDevices(const DeviceVector &devices) const;
 
     /**
+     * @brief supportsAtLeastOne checks if any device in devices is currently supported
+     * @param devices to be checked against
+     * @return true if the device is weakly supported by type (e.g. for non bus / rsubmix devices),
+     *         true if the device is supported (both type and address) for bus / remote submix
+     *         false otherwise
+     */
+    bool supportsAtLeastOne(const DeviceVector &devices) const;
+
+    /**
      * @brief supportsDevicesForPlayback
      * @param devices to be checked against
      * @return true if the devices is a supported combo for playback
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioPolicyMix.h b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioPolicyMix.h
index 92292e1..7e29e10 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioPolicyMix.h
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/include/AudioPolicyMix.h
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@
      */
     status_t setUserIdDeviceAffinities(int userId, const AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector& devices);
     status_t removeUserIdDeviceAffinities(int userId);
-    status_t getDevicesForUserId(int userId, Vector<AudioDeviceTypeAddr>& devices) const;
+    status_t getDevicesForUserId(int userId, AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector& devices) const;
 
     void dump(String8 *dst) const;
 
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioOutputDescriptor.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioOutputDescriptor.cpp
index 09ca989..ac1f8b2 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioOutputDescriptor.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioOutputDescriptor.cpp
@@ -389,6 +389,11 @@
     return supportedDevices().containsAllDevices(devices);
 }
 
+bool SwAudioOutputDescriptor::supportsAtLeastOne(const DeviceVector &devices) const
+{
+    return filterSupportedDevices(devices).size() > 0;
+}
+
 bool SwAudioOutputDescriptor::supportsDevicesForPlayback(const DeviceVector &devices) const
 {
     // No considering duplicated output
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioPolicyMix.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioPolicyMix.cpp
index 4cfdaad..631fff8 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioPolicyMix.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/common/managerdefinitions/src/AudioPolicyMix.cpp
@@ -640,7 +640,7 @@
 }
 
 status_t AudioPolicyMixCollection::getDevicesForUserId(int userId,
-        Vector<AudioDeviceTypeAddr>& devices) const {
+        AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector& devices) const {
     // for each player mix:
     // find rules that don't exclude this userId, and add the device to the list
     for (size_t i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
@@ -658,7 +658,7 @@
             }
         }
         if (ruleAllowsUserId) {
-            devices.add(AudioDeviceTypeAddr(mix->mDeviceType, mix->mDeviceAddress.string()));
+            devices.push_back(AudioDeviceTypeAddr(mix->mDeviceType, mix->mDeviceAddress.string()));
         }
     }
     return NO_ERROR;
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.cpp b/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.cpp
index f093e68..75dc3f1 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.cpp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.cpp
@@ -3782,6 +3782,44 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+void AudioPolicyManager::changeOutputDevicesMuteState(
+        const AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector& devices) {
+    ALOGVV("%s() num devices %zu", __func__, devices.size());
+
+    std::vector<sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor>> outputs =
+            getSoftwareOutputsForDevices(devices);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < outputs.size(); i++) {
+        sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor> outputDesc = outputs[i];
+        DeviceVector prevDevices = outputDesc->devices();
+        checkDeviceMuteStrategies(outputDesc, prevDevices, 0 /* delayMs */);
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor>> AudioPolicyManager::getSoftwareOutputsForDevices(
+        const AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector& devices) const
+{
+    std::vector<sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor>> outputs;
+    DeviceVector deviceDescriptors;
+    for (size_t j = 0; j < devices.size(); j++) {
+        sp<DeviceDescriptor> desc = mHwModules.getDeviceDescriptor(
+                devices[j].mType, devices[j].getAddress(), String8(), AUDIO_FORMAT_DEFAULT);
+        if (desc == nullptr || !audio_is_output_device(devices[j].mType)) {
+            ALOGE("%s: device type %#x address %s not supported or not an output device",
+                __func__, devices[j].mType, devices[j].getAddress());
+                    continue;
+        }
+        deviceDescriptors.add(desc);
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mOutputs.size(); i++) {
+        if (!mOutputs.valueAt(i)->supportsAtLeastOne(deviceDescriptors)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        outputs.push_back(mOutputs.valueAt(i));
+    }
+    return outputs;
+}
+
 status_t AudioPolicyManager::setUidDeviceAffinities(uid_t uid,
         const AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector& devices) {
     ALOGV("%s() uid=%d num devices %zu", __FUNCTION__, uid, devices.size());
@@ -3848,7 +3886,8 @@
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
-void AudioPolicyManager::updateCallAndOutputRouting(bool forceVolumeReeval, uint32_t delayMs)
+void AudioPolicyManager::updateCallAndOutputRouting(bool forceVolumeReeval, uint32_t delayMs,
+    bool skipDelays)
 {
     uint32_t waitMs = 0;
     bool wasLeUnicastActive = isLeUnicastActive();
@@ -3874,8 +3913,8 @@
                 continue;
             }
             waitMs = setOutputDevices(outputDesc, newDevices, forceRouting, delayMs, nullptr,
-                                      true /*requiresMuteCheck*/,
-                                      !forceRouting /*requiresVolumeCheck*/);
+                                      !skipDelays /*requiresMuteCheck*/,
+                                      !forceRouting /*requiresVolumeCheck*/, skipDelays);
             // Only apply special touch sound delay once
             delayMs = 0;
         }
@@ -4060,13 +4099,18 @@
 
     // reevaluate outputs for all devices
     checkForDeviceAndOutputChanges();
-    updateCallAndOutputRouting();
+    changeOutputDevicesMuteState(devices);
+    updateCallAndOutputRouting(false /* forceVolumeReeval */, 0 /* delayMs */,
+        true /* skipDelays */);
+    changeOutputDevicesMuteState(devices);
 
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
 
 status_t AudioPolicyManager::removeUserIdDeviceAffinities(int userId) {
     ALOGV("%s() userId=%d", __FUNCTION__, userId);
+    AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector devices;
+    mPolicyMixes.getDevicesForUserId(userId, devices);
     status_t status = mPolicyMixes.removeUserIdDeviceAffinities(userId);
     if (status != NO_ERROR) {
         ALOGE("%s() Could not remove all device affinities fo userId = %d",
@@ -4076,7 +4120,10 @@
 
     // reevaluate outputs for all devices
     checkForDeviceAndOutputChanges();
-    updateCallAndOutputRouting();
+    changeOutputDevicesMuteState(devices);
+    updateCallAndOutputRouting(false /* forceVolumeReeval */, 0 /* delayMs */,
+        true /* skipDelays */);
+    changeOutputDevicesMuteState(devices);
 
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
@@ -7315,7 +7362,8 @@
                                               bool force,
                                               int delayMs,
                                               audio_patch_handle_t *patchHandle,
-                                              bool requiresMuteCheck, bool requiresVolumeCheck)
+                                              bool requiresMuteCheck, bool requiresVolumeCheck,
+                                              bool skipMuteDelay)
 {
     // TODO(b/262404095): Consider if the output need to be reopened.
     ALOGV("%s device %s delayMs %d", __func__, devices.toString().c_str(), delayMs);
@@ -7323,9 +7371,9 @@
 
     if (outputDesc->isDuplicated()) {
         muteWaitMs = setOutputDevices(outputDesc->subOutput1(), devices, force, delayMs,
-                nullptr /* patchHandle */, requiresMuteCheck);
+                nullptr /* patchHandle */, requiresMuteCheck, skipMuteDelay);
         muteWaitMs += setOutputDevices(outputDesc->subOutput2(), devices, force, delayMs,
-                nullptr /* patchHandle */, requiresMuteCheck);
+                nullptr /* patchHandle */, requiresMuteCheck, skipMuteDelay);
         return muteWaitMs;
     }
 
@@ -7391,12 +7439,16 @@
 
         // Add half reported latency to delayMs when muteWaitMs is null in order
         // to avoid disordered sequence of muting volume and changing devices.
-        installPatch(__func__, patchHandle, outputDesc.get(), patchBuilder.patch(),
-                muteWaitMs == 0 ? (delayMs + (outputDesc->latency() / 2)) : delayMs);
+        int actualDelayMs = !skipMuteDelay && muteWaitMs == 0
+                ? (delayMs + (outputDesc->latency() / 2)) : delayMs;
+        installPatch(__func__, patchHandle, outputDesc.get(), patchBuilder.patch(), actualDelayMs);
     }
 
-    // update stream volumes according to new device
-    applyStreamVolumes(outputDesc, filteredDevices.types(), delayMs);
+    // Since the mute is skip, also skip the apply stream volume as that will be applied externally
+    if (!skipMuteDelay) {
+        // update stream volumes according to new device
+        applyStreamVolumes(outputDesc, filteredDevices.types(), delayMs);
+    }
 
     return muteWaitMs;
 }
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.h b/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.h
index 88bafef..5f4c829 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.h
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/managerdefault/AudioPolicyManager.h
@@ -535,8 +535,9 @@
          *        and currently active, allow to have proper drain and avoid pops
          * @param requiresVolumeCheck true if called requires to reapply volume if the routing did
          * not change (but the output is still routed).
+         * @param skipMuteDelay if true will skip mute delay when installing audio patch
          * @return the number of ms we have slept to allow new routing to take effect in certain
-         * cases.
+         *        cases.
          */
         uint32_t setOutputDevices(const sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor>& outputDesc,
                                   const DeviceVector &device,
@@ -544,7 +545,8 @@
                                   int delayMs = 0,
                                   audio_patch_handle_t *patchHandle = NULL,
                                   bool requiresMuteCheck = true,
-                                  bool requiresVolumeCheck = false);
+                                  bool requiresVolumeCheck = false,
+                                  bool skipMuteDelay = false);
         status_t resetOutputDevice(const sp<AudioOutputDescriptor>& outputDesc,
                                    int delayMs = 0,
                                    audio_patch_handle_t *patchHandle = NULL);
@@ -647,8 +649,10 @@
         /**
          * @brief updates routing for all outputs (including call if call in progress).
          * @param delayMs delay for unmuting if required
+         * @param skipDelays if true all the delays will be skip while updating routing
          */
-        void updateCallAndOutputRouting(bool forceVolumeReeval = true, uint32_t delayMs = 0);
+        void updateCallAndOutputRouting(bool forceVolumeReeval = true, uint32_t delayMs = 0,
+                bool skipDelays = false);
 
         bool isCallRxAudioSource(const sp<SourceClientDescriptor> &source) {
             return mCallRxSourceClient != nullptr && source == mCallRxSourceClient;
@@ -1241,6 +1245,21 @@
                 const char* context,
                 bool matchAddress = true);
 
+        /**
+         * @brief changeOutputDevicesMuteState mute/unmute devices using checkDeviceMuteStrategies
+         * @param devices devices to mute/unmute
+         */
+        void changeOutputDevicesMuteState(const AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector& devices);
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Returns a vector of software output descriptor that support the queried devices
+         * @param devices devices to query
+         * @param openOutputs open outputs where the devices are supported as determined by
+         *      SwAudioOutputDescriptor::supportsAtLeastOne
+         */
+        std::vector<sp<SwAudioOutputDescriptor>> getSoftwareOutputsForDevices(
+                const AudioDeviceTypeAddrVector& devices) const;
+
         bool isScoRequestedForComm() const;
 
         bool isHearingAidUsedForComm() const;
diff --git a/services/audiopolicy/service/Android.bp b/services/audiopolicy/service/Android.bp
index f4fc8f1..3a530aa 100644
--- a/services/audiopolicy/service/Android.bp
+++ b/services/audiopolicy/service/Android.bp
@@ -7,26 +7,8 @@
     default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_av_license"],
 }
 
-cc_library_shared {
-    name: "libaudiopolicyservice",
-
-    defaults: [
-        "latest_android_media_audio_common_types_cpp_shared",
-    ],
-
-    srcs: [
-        "AudioPolicyClientImpl.cpp",
-        "AudioPolicyEffects.cpp",
-        "AudioPolicyInterfaceImpl.cpp",
-        "AudioPolicyService.cpp",
-        "CaptureStateNotifier.cpp",
-        "Spatializer.cpp",
-        "SpatializerPoseController.cpp",
-    ],
-
-    include_dirs: [
-        "frameworks/av/services/audioflinger"
-    ],
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "libaudiopolicyservice_dependencies",
 
     shared_libs: [
         "libactivitymanager_aidl",
@@ -41,7 +23,6 @@
         "libaudioutils",
         "libbinder",
         "libcutils",
-        "libeffectsconfig",
         "libhardware_legacy",
         "libheadtracking",
         "libheadtracking-binding",
@@ -67,6 +48,35 @@
     ],
 
     static_libs: [
+        "libeffectsconfig",
+        "libaudiopolicycomponents",
+    ]
+}
+
+cc_library {
+    name: "libaudiopolicyservice",
+
+    defaults: [
+        "libaudiopolicyservice_dependencies",
+        "latest_android_media_audio_common_types_cpp_shared",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "AudioPolicyClientImpl.cpp",
+        "AudioPolicyEffects.cpp",
+        "AudioPolicyInterfaceImpl.cpp",
+        "AudioPolicyService.cpp",
+        "CaptureStateNotifier.cpp",
+        "Spatializer.cpp",
+        "SpatializerPoseController.cpp",
+    ],
+
+    include_dirs: [
+        "frameworks/av/services/audioflinger"
+    ],
+
+
+    static_libs: [
         "framework-permission-aidl-cpp",
     ],
 
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/Android.bp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/Android.bp
index a45365a..c7be582 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/Android.bp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/Android.bp
@@ -35,9 +35,89 @@
     ],
 }
 
-cc_library_shared {
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "libcameraservice_deps",
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libactivitymanager_aidl",
+        "libbase",
+        "libdl",
+        "libui",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutilscallstack",
+        "libutils",
+        "libbinder",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libactivitymanager_aidl",
+        "libpermission",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libexif",
+        "libmedia",
+        "libmediautils",
+        "libcamera_client",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "libfmq",
+        "libgui",
+        "libhardware",
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libimage_io",
+        "libjpeg",
+        "libultrahdr",
+        "libmedia_codeclist",
+        "libmedia_omx",
+        "libmemunreachable",
+        "libsensorprivacy",
+        "libstagefright",
+        "libstagefright_foundation",
+        "libxml2",
+        "libyuv",
+        "android.hardware.camera.common@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.camera.device@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.2",
+        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.3",
+        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.4",
+        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.5",
+        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.6",
+        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.7",
+        "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.common.fmq-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.common-V4-ndk",
+        "media_permission-aidl-cpp",
+    ],
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.common@2.0",
+        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.service@2.0",
+        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.service@2.1",
+        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.service@2.2",
+        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.device@2.0",
+        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.device@2.1",
+        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.common-V1-ndk",
+        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.service-V1-ndk",
+        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.device-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.camera.common-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.camera.device-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.camera.metadata-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.5",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.6",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.7",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider-V2-ndk",
+        "libaidlcommonsupport",
+        "libdynamic_depth",
+        "libprocessinfoservice_aidl",
+        "libbinderthreadstateutils",
+        "media_permission-aidl-cpp",
+        "libcameraservice_device_independent",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library {
     name: "libcameraservice",
 
+    defaults: [
+        "libcameraservice_deps",
+    ],
     // Camera service source
 
     srcs: [
@@ -119,73 +199,6 @@
         "libmediametrics_headers",
     ],
 
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libactivitymanager_aidl",
-        "libbase",
-        "libdl",
-        "libexif",
-        "libui",
-        "liblog",
-        "libutilscallstack",
-        "libutils",
-        "libbinder",
-        "libbinder_ndk",
-        "libactivitymanager_aidl",
-        "libpermission",
-        "libcutils",
-        "libmedia",
-        "libmediautils",
-        "libcamera_client",
-        "libcamera_metadata",
-        "libdynamic_depth",
-        "libfmq",
-        "libgui",
-        "libhardware",
-        "libhidlbase",
-        "libimage_io",
-        "libjpeg",
-        "libultrahdr",
-        "libmedia_codeclist",
-        "libmedia_omx",
-        "libmemunreachable",
-        "libsensorprivacy",
-        "libstagefright",
-        "libstagefright_foundation",
-        "libxml2",
-        "libyuv",
-        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.common@2.0",
-        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.service@2.0",
-        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.service@2.1",
-        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.service@2.2",
-        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.device@2.0",
-        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.device@2.1",
-        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.common-V1-ndk",
-        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.service-V1-ndk",
-        "android.frameworks.cameraservice.device-V1-ndk",
-        "android.hardware.camera.common@1.0",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.5",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.6",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.7",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider-V2-ndk",
-        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.2",
-        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.3",
-        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.4",
-        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.5",
-        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.6",
-        "android.hardware.camera.device@3.7",
-        "android.hardware.camera.device-V2-ndk",
-        "media_permission-aidl-cpp",
-    ],
-
-    static_libs: [
-        "libaidlcommonsupport",
-        "libprocessinfoservice_aidl",
-        "libbinderthreadstateutils",
-        "media_permission-aidl-cpp",
-        "libcameraservice_device_independent",
-    ],
-
     export_shared_lib_headers: [
         "libbinder",
         "libactivitymanager_aidl",
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp
index 668a51a..9d965cd 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp
@@ -145,6 +145,7 @@
 static constexpr int32_t kSystemNativeClientScore = resource_policy::PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ;
 static constexpr int32_t kSystemNativeClientState =
         ActivityManager::PROCESS_STATE_PERSISTENT_UI;
+static const String16 kServiceName("cameraserver");
 
 const String8 CameraService::kOfflineDevice("offline-");
 const String16 CameraService::kWatchAllClientsFlag("all");
@@ -701,17 +702,100 @@
     broadcastTorchModeStatus(cameraId, newStatus, systemCameraKind);
 }
 
-static bool hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(int callingPid, int callingUid) {
+static bool isAutomotiveDevice() {
+    // Checks the property ro.hardware.type and returns true if it is
+    // automotive.
+    char value[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX] = {0};
+    property_get("ro.hardware.type", value, "");
+    return strncmp(value, "automotive", PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX) == 0;
+}
+
+static bool isAutomotivePrivilegedClient(int32_t uid) {
+    // Returns false if this is not an automotive device type.
+    if (!isAutomotiveDevice())
+        return false;
+
+    // Returns true if the uid is AID_AUTOMOTIVE_EVS which is a
+    // privileged client uid used for safety critical use cases such as
+    // rear view and surround view.
+    return uid == AID_AUTOMOTIVE_EVS;
+}
+
+bool CameraService::isAutomotiveExteriorSystemCamera(const String8& cam_id) const{
+    // Returns false if this is not an automotive device type.
+    if (!isAutomotiveDevice())
+        return false;
+
+    // Returns false if no camera id is provided.
+    if (cam_id.isEmpty())
+        return false;
+
+    SystemCameraKind systemCameraKind = SystemCameraKind::PUBLIC;
+    if (getSystemCameraKind(cam_id, &systemCameraKind) != OK) {
+        // This isn't a known camera ID, so it's not a system camera.
+        ALOGE("%s: Unknown camera id %s, ", __FUNCTION__, cam_id.c_str());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (systemCameraKind != SystemCameraKind::SYSTEM_ONLY_CAMERA) {
+        ALOGE("%s: camera id %s is not a system camera", __FUNCTION__, cam_id.c_str());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    CameraMetadata cameraInfo;
+    status_t res = mCameraProviderManager->getCameraCharacteristics(
+            cam_id.string(), false, &cameraInfo, false);
+    if (res != OK){
+        ALOGE("%s: Not able to get camera characteristics for camera id %s",__FUNCTION__,
+                cam_id.c_str());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    camera_metadata_entry auto_location  = cameraInfo.find(ANDROID_AUTOMOTIVE_LOCATION);
+    if (auto_location.count != 1)
+        return false;
+
+    uint8_t location = auto_location.data.u8[0];
+    if ((location != ANDROID_AUTOMOTIVE_LOCATION_EXTERIOR_FRONT) &&
+            (location != ANDROID_AUTOMOTIVE_LOCATION_EXTERIOR_REAR) &&
+            (location != ANDROID_AUTOMOTIVE_LOCATION_EXTERIOR_LEFT) &&
+            (location != ANDROID_AUTOMOTIVE_LOCATION_EXTERIOR_RIGHT)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool CameraService::checkPermission(const String8& cam_id, const String16& permission,
+        const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource,const String16& message,
+        int32_t attributedOpCode) const{
+    if (isAutomotivePrivilegedClient(attributionSource.uid)) {
+        // If cam_id is empty, then it means that this check is not used for the
+        // purpose of accessing a specific camera, hence grant permission just
+        // based on uid to the automotive privileged client.
+        if (cam_id.isEmpty())
+            return true;
+        // If this call is used for accessing a specific camera then cam_id must be provided.
+        // In that case, only pre-grants the permission for accessing the exterior system only
+        // camera.
+        return isAutomotiveExteriorSystemCamera(cam_id);
+
+    }
+
     permission::PermissionChecker permissionChecker;
+    return permissionChecker.checkPermissionForPreflight(permission, attributionSource,
+            message, attributedOpCode) != permission::PermissionChecker::PERMISSION_HARD_DENIED;
+}
+
+bool CameraService::hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(const String8& cam_id, int callingPid,
+        int callingUid) const{
     AttributionSourceState attributionSource{};
     attributionSource.pid = callingPid;
     attributionSource.uid = callingUid;
-    bool checkPermissionForSystemCamera = permissionChecker.checkPermissionForPreflight(
-            sSystemCameraPermission, attributionSource, String16(), AppOpsManager::OP_NONE)
-            != permission::PermissionChecker::PERMISSION_HARD_DENIED;
-    bool checkPermissionForCamera = permissionChecker.checkPermissionForPreflight(
-            sCameraPermission, attributionSource, String16(), AppOpsManager::OP_NONE)
-            != permission::PermissionChecker::PERMISSION_HARD_DENIED;
+    bool checkPermissionForSystemCamera = checkPermission(cam_id,
+            sSystemCameraPermission, attributionSource, String16(), AppOpsManager::OP_NONE);
+    bool checkPermissionForCamera = checkPermission(cam_id,
+            sCameraPermission, attributionSource, String16(), AppOpsManager::OP_NONE);
     return checkPermissionForSystemCamera && checkPermissionForCamera;
 }
 
@@ -719,7 +803,7 @@
     ATRACE_CALL();
     Mutex::Autolock l(mServiceLock);
     bool hasSystemCameraPermissions =
-            hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(CameraThreadState::getCallingPid(),
+            hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(String8(), CameraThreadState::getCallingPid(),
                     CameraThreadState::getCallingUid());
     switch (type) {
         case CAMERA_TYPE_BACKWARD_COMPATIBLE:
@@ -760,9 +844,8 @@
         return STATUS_ERROR(ERROR_DISCONNECTED,
                 "Camera subsystem is not available");
     }
-    bool hasSystemCameraPermissions =
-            hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(CameraThreadState::getCallingPid(),
-                    CameraThreadState::getCallingUid());
+    bool hasSystemCameraPermissions = hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(String8::format("%d", cameraId),
+            CameraThreadState::getCallingPid(), CameraThreadState::getCallingUid());
     int cameraIdBound = mNumberOfCamerasWithoutSystemCamera;
     if (hasSystemCameraPermissions) {
         cameraIdBound = mNumberOfCameras;
@@ -791,13 +874,11 @@
     const std::vector<std::string> *deviceIds = &mNormalDeviceIdsWithoutSystemCamera;
     auto callingPid = CameraThreadState::getCallingPid();
     auto callingUid = CameraThreadState::getCallingUid();
-    permission::PermissionChecker permissionChecker;
     AttributionSourceState attributionSource{};
     attributionSource.pid = callingPid;
     attributionSource.uid = callingUid;
-    bool checkPermissionForSystemCamera = permissionChecker.checkPermissionForPreflight(
-                sSystemCameraPermission, attributionSource, String16(), AppOpsManager::OP_NONE)
-                != permission::PermissionChecker::PERMISSION_HARD_DENIED;
+    bool checkPermissionForSystemCamera = checkPermission(String8::format("%d", cameraIdInt),
+                sSystemCameraPermission, attributionSource, String16(), AppOpsManager::OP_NONE);
     if (checkPermissionForSystemCamera || getpid() == callingPid) {
         deviceIds = &mNormalDeviceIds;
     }
@@ -869,13 +950,11 @@
     // If it's not calling from cameraserver, check the permission only if
     // android.permission.CAMERA is required. If android.permission.SYSTEM_CAMERA was needed,
     // it would've already been checked in shouldRejectSystemCameraConnection.
-    permission::PermissionChecker permissionChecker;
     AttributionSourceState attributionSource{};
     attributionSource.pid = callingPid;
     attributionSource.uid = callingUid;
-    bool checkPermissionForCamera = permissionChecker.checkPermissionForPreflight(
-                sCameraPermission, attributionSource, String16(), AppOpsManager::OP_NONE)
-                != permission::PermissionChecker::PERMISSION_HARD_DENIED;
+    bool checkPermissionForCamera = checkPermission(String8(cameraId), sCameraPermission,
+            attributionSource, String16(), AppOpsManager::OP_NONE);
     if ((callingPid != getpid()) &&
             (deviceKind != SystemCameraKind::SYSTEM_ONLY_CAMERA) &&
             !checkPermissionForCamera) {
@@ -1154,13 +1233,12 @@
 Status CameraService::initializeShimMetadata(int cameraId) {
     int uid = CameraThreadState::getCallingUid();
 
-    String16 internalPackageName("cameraserver");
     String8 id = String8::format("%d", cameraId);
     Status ret = Status::ok();
     sp<Client> tmp = nullptr;
     if (!(ret = connectHelper<ICameraClient,Client>(
             sp<ICameraClient>{nullptr}, id, cameraId,
-            internalPackageName, /*systemNativeClient*/ false, {}, uid, USE_CALLING_PID,
+            kServiceName, /*systemNativeClient*/ false, {}, uid, USE_CALLING_PID,
             API_1, /*shimUpdateOnly*/ true, /*oomScoreOffset*/ 0,
             /*targetSdkVersion*/ __ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, /*overrideToPortrait*/ true,
             /*forceSlowJpegMode*/false, /*out*/ tmp)
@@ -1314,7 +1392,6 @@
 Status CameraService::validateClientPermissionsLocked(const String8& cameraId,
         const String8& clientName8, int& clientUid, int& clientPid,
         /*out*/int& originalClientPid) const {
-    permission::PermissionChecker permissionChecker;
     AttributionSourceState attributionSource{};
 
     int callingPid = CameraThreadState::getCallingPid();
@@ -1366,9 +1443,8 @@
     attributionSource.pid = clientPid;
     attributionSource.uid = clientUid;
     attributionSource.packageName = clientName8;
-    bool checkPermissionForCamera = permissionChecker.checkPermissionForPreflight(
-            sCameraPermission, attributionSource, String16(), AppOpsManager::OP_NONE)
-            != permission::PermissionChecker::PERMISSION_HARD_DENIED;
+    bool checkPermissionForCamera = checkPermission(cameraId, sCameraPermission, attributionSource,
+            String16(), AppOpsManager::OP_NONE);
     if (callingPid != getpid() &&
                 (deviceKind != SystemCameraKind::SYSTEM_ONLY_CAMERA) && !checkPermissionForCamera) {
         ALOGE("Permission Denial: can't use the camera pid=%d, uid=%d", clientPid, clientUid);
@@ -1389,8 +1465,13 @@
                 callingUid, procState);
     }
 
-    // If sensor privacy is enabled then prevent access to the camera
-    if (mSensorPrivacyPolicy->isSensorPrivacyEnabled()) {
+
+    // Automotive privileged client AID_AUTOMOTIVE_EVS using exterior system camera for use cases
+    // such as rear view and surround view cannot be disabled and are exempt from sensor privacy
+    // policy. In all other cases,if sensor privacy is enabled then prevent access to the camera.
+    if ((!isAutomotivePrivilegedClient(callingUid) ||
+            !isAutomotiveExteriorSystemCamera(cameraId)) &&
+            mSensorPrivacyPolicy->isSensorPrivacyEnabled()) {
         ALOGE("Access Denial: cannot use the camera when sensor privacy is enabled");
         return STATUS_ERROR_FMT(ERROR_DISABLED,
                 "Caller \"%s\" (PID %d, UID %d) cannot open camera \"%s\" when sensor privacy "
@@ -1729,7 +1810,7 @@
     //      have android.permission.SYSTEM_CAMERA permissions.
     if (!isVendorListener && (systemCameraKind == SystemCameraKind::HIDDEN_SECURE_CAMERA ||
             (systemCameraKind == SystemCameraKind::SYSTEM_ONLY_CAMERA &&
-            !hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(clientPid, clientUid)))) {
+            !hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(String8(), clientPid, clientUid)))) {
         return true;
     }
     return false;
@@ -1769,7 +1850,7 @@
     //     characteristics) even if clients don't have android.permission.CAMERA. We do not want the
     //     same behavior for system camera devices.
     if (!systemClient && systemCameraKind == SystemCameraKind::SYSTEM_ONLY_CAMERA &&
-            !hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(cPid, cUid)) {
+            !hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(cameraId, cPid, cUid)) {
         ALOGW("Rejecting access to system only camera %s, inadequete permissions",
                 cameraId.c_str());
         return true;
@@ -1817,7 +1898,10 @@
         clientUserId = multiuser_get_user_id(callingUid);
     }
 
-    if (mCameraServiceProxyWrapper->isCameraDisabled(clientUserId)) {
+    // Automotive privileged client AID_AUTOMOTIVE_EVS using exterior system camera for use cases
+    // such as rear view and surround view cannot be disabled.
+    if ((!isAutomotivePrivilegedClient(callingUid) || !isAutomotiveExteriorSystemCamera(id)) &&
+            mCameraServiceProxyWrapper->isCameraDisabled(clientUserId)) {
         String8 msg =
                 String8::format("Camera disabled by device policy");
         ALOGE("%s: %s", __FUNCTION__, msg.string());
@@ -1826,7 +1910,7 @@
 
     // enforce system camera permissions
     if (oomScoreOffset > 0 &&
-            !hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(callingPid, CameraThreadState::getCallingUid()) &&
+            !hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(id, callingPid, CameraThreadState::getCallingUid()) &&
             !isTrustedCallingUid(CameraThreadState::getCallingUid())) {
         String8 msg =
                 String8::format("Cannot change the priority of a client %s pid %d for "
@@ -1915,6 +1999,8 @@
 
     bool isNonSystemNdk = false;
     String16 clientPackageName;
+    int packageUid = (clientUid == USE_CALLING_UID) ?
+            CameraThreadState::getCallingUid() : clientUid;
     if (clientPackageNameMaybe.size() <= 0) {
         // NDK calls don't come with package names, but we need one for various cases.
         // Generally, there's a 1:1 mapping between UID and package name, but shared UIDs
@@ -1922,8 +2008,6 @@
         // same permissions, so picking any associated package name is sufficient. For some
         // other cases, this may give inaccurate names for clients in logs.
         isNonSystemNdk = true;
-        int packageUid = (clientUid == USE_CALLING_UID) ?
-            CameraThreadState::getCallingUid() : clientUid;
         clientPackageName = getPackageNameFromUid(packageUid);
     } else {
         clientPackageName = clientPackageNameMaybe;
@@ -2119,32 +2203,38 @@
                     clientPackageName));
         }
 
-        // Set camera muting behavior
-        bool isCameraPrivacyEnabled =
-                mSensorPrivacyPolicy->isCameraPrivacyEnabled();
-        if (client->supportsCameraMute()) {
-            client->setCameraMute(
-                    mOverrideCameraMuteMode || isCameraPrivacyEnabled);
-        } else if (isCameraPrivacyEnabled) {
-            // no camera mute supported, but privacy is on! => disconnect
-            ALOGI("Camera mute not supported for package: %s, camera id: %s",
-                    String8(client->getPackageName()).string(), cameraId.string());
-            // Do not hold mServiceLock while disconnecting clients, but
-            // retain the condition blocking other clients from connecting
-            // in mServiceLockWrapper if held.
-            mServiceLock.unlock();
-            // Clear caller identity temporarily so client disconnect PID
-            // checks work correctly
-            int64_t token = CameraThreadState::clearCallingIdentity();
-            // Note AppOp to trigger the "Unblock" dialog
-            client->noteAppOp();
-            client->disconnect();
-            CameraThreadState::restoreCallingIdentity(token);
-            // Reacquire mServiceLock
-            mServiceLock.lock();
+        // Automotive privileged client AID_AUTOMOTIVE_EVS using exterior system camera for use
+        // cases such as rear view and surround view cannot be disabled and are exempt from camera
+        // privacy policy.
+        if ((!isAutomotivePrivilegedClient(packageUid) ||
+                !isAutomotiveExteriorSystemCamera(cameraId))) {
+            // Set camera muting behavior.
+            bool isCameraPrivacyEnabled =
+                    mSensorPrivacyPolicy->isCameraPrivacyEnabled();
+            if (client->supportsCameraMute()) {
+                client->setCameraMute(
+                        mOverrideCameraMuteMode || isCameraPrivacyEnabled);
+            } else if (isCameraPrivacyEnabled) {
+                // no camera mute supported, but privacy is on! => disconnect
+                ALOGI("Camera mute not supported for package: %s, camera id: %s",
+                        String8(client->getPackageName()).string(), cameraId.string());
+                // Do not hold mServiceLock while disconnecting clients, but
+                // retain the condition blocking other clients from connecting
+                // in mServiceLockWrapper if held.
+                mServiceLock.unlock();
+                // Clear caller identity temporarily so client disconnect PID
+                // checks work correctly
+                int64_t token = CameraThreadState::clearCallingIdentity();
+                // Note AppOp to trigger the "Unblock" dialog
+                client->noteAppOp();
+                client->disconnect();
+                CameraThreadState::restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+                // Reacquire mServiceLock
+                mServiceLock.lock();
 
-            return STATUS_ERROR_FMT(ERROR_DISABLED,
-                    "Camera \"%s\" disabled due to camera mute", cameraId.string());
+                return STATUS_ERROR_FMT(ERROR_DISABLED,
+                        "Camera \"%s\" disabled due to camera mute", cameraId.string());
+            }
         }
 
         if (shimUpdateOnly) {
@@ -2747,13 +2837,11 @@
     // Check for camera permissions
     int callingPid = CameraThreadState::getCallingPid();
     int callingUid = CameraThreadState::getCallingUid();
-    permission::PermissionChecker permissionChecker;
     AttributionSourceState attributionSource{};
     attributionSource.pid = callingPid;
     attributionSource.uid = callingUid;
-    bool checkPermissionForCamera = permissionChecker.checkPermissionForPreflight(
-                sCameraPermission, attributionSource, String16(), AppOpsManager::OP_NONE)
-                != permission::PermissionChecker::PERMISSION_HARD_DENIED;
+    bool checkPermissionForCamera = checkPermission(String8(),
+                sCameraPermission, attributionSource, String16(), AppOpsManager::OP_NONE);
     if ((callingPid != getpid()) && !checkPermissionForCamera) {
         ALOGE("%s: pid %d doesn't have camera permissions", __FUNCTION__, callingPid);
         return STATUS_ERROR(ERROR_PERMISSION_DENIED,
@@ -2801,13 +2889,13 @@
 
     auto clientUid = CameraThreadState::getCallingUid();
     auto clientPid = CameraThreadState::getCallingPid();
-    permission::PermissionChecker permissionChecker;
     AttributionSourceState attributionSource{};
     attributionSource.uid = clientUid;
     attributionSource.pid = clientPid;
-    bool openCloseCallbackAllowed = permissionChecker.checkPermissionForPreflight(
+
+   bool openCloseCallbackAllowed = checkPermission(String8(),
             sCameraOpenCloseListenerPermission, attributionSource, String16(),
-            AppOpsManager::OP_NONE) != permission::PermissionChecker::PERMISSION_HARD_DENIED;
+            AppOpsManager::OP_NONE);
 
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mServiceLock);
 
@@ -3926,7 +4014,7 @@
             | ActivityManager::UID_OBSERVER_ACTIVE | ActivityManager::UID_OBSERVER_PROCSTATE
             | ActivityManager::UID_OBSERVER_PROC_OOM_ADJ,
             ActivityManager::PROCESS_STATE_UNKNOWN,
-            String16("cameraserver"), emptyUidArray, 0, mObserverToken);
+            kServiceName, emptyUidArray, 0, mObserverToken);
     if (res == OK) {
         mRegistered = true;
         ALOGV("UidPolicy: Registered with ActivityManager");
@@ -4069,7 +4157,7 @@
         monitoredUid.procAdj = resource_policy::UNKNOWN_ADJ;
         monitoredUid.refCount = 1;
         it = mMonitoredUids.emplace(std::pair<uid_t, MonitoredUid>(uid, monitoredUid)).first;
-        status_t res = mAm.addUidToObserver(mObserverToken, String16("cameraserver"), uid);
+        status_t res = mAm.addUidToObserver(mObserverToken, kServiceName, uid);
         if (res != OK) {
             ALOGE("UidPolicy: Failed to add uid to observer: 0x%08x", res);
         }
@@ -4090,7 +4178,7 @@
         it->second.refCount--;
         if (it->second.refCount == 0) {
             mMonitoredUids.erase(it);
-            status_t res = mAm.removeUidFromObserver(mObserverToken, String16("cameraserver"), uid);
+            status_t res = mAm.removeUidFromObserver(mObserverToken, kServiceName, uid);
             if (res != OK) {
                 ALOGE("UidPolicy: Failed to remove uid from observer: 0x%08x", res);
             }
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.h
index 3214d4c..38336ee 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef ANDROID_SERVERS_CAMERA_CAMERASERVICE_H
 #define ANDROID_SERVERS_CAMERA_CAMERASERVICE_H
 
+#include <android/content/AttributionSourceState.h>
 #include <android/hardware/BnCameraService.h>
 #include <android/hardware/BnSensorPrivacyListener.h>
 #include <android/hardware/ICameraServiceListener.h>
@@ -607,6 +608,13 @@
     int32_t updateAudioRestrictionLocked();
 
 private:
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the device is an automotive device and cameraId is system
+     * only camera which has characteristic AUTOMOTIVE_LOCATION value as either
+     * AUTOMOTIVE_LOCATION_EXTERIOR_LEFT,AUTOMOTIVE_LOCATION_EXTERIOR_RIGHT,
+     * AUTOMOTIVE_LOCATION_EXTERIOR_FRONT or AUTOMOTIVE_LOCATION_EXTERIOR_REAR.
+     */
+    bool isAutomotiveExteriorSystemCamera(const String8& cameraId) const;
 
     // TODO: b/263304156 update this to make use of a death callback for more
     // robust/fault tolerant logging
@@ -623,6 +631,22 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Pre-grants the permission if the attribution source uid is for an automotive
+     * privileged client. Otherwise uses system service permission checker to check
+     * for the appropriate permission. If this function is called for accessing a specific
+     * camera,then the cameraID must not be empty. CameraId is used only in case of automotive
+     * privileged client so that permission is pre-granted only to access system camera device
+     * which is located outside of the vehicle body frame because camera located inside the vehicle
+     * cabin would need user permission.
+     */
+    bool checkPermission(const String8& cameraId, const String16& permission,
+            const content::AttributionSourceState& attributionSource,const String16& message,
+            int32_t attributedOpCode) const;
+
+    bool hasPermissionsForSystemCamera(const String8& cameraId, int callingPid, int callingUid)
+            const;
+
+   /**
      * Typesafe version of device status, containing both the HAL-layer and the service interface-
      * layer values.
      */
@@ -885,7 +909,7 @@
     // Should a device status update be skipped for a particular camera device ? (this can happen
     // under various conditions. For example if a camera device is advertised as
     // system only or hidden secure camera, amongst possible others.
-    static bool shouldSkipStatusUpdates(SystemCameraKind systemCameraKind, bool isVendorListener,
+    bool shouldSkipStatusUpdates(SystemCameraKind systemCameraKind, bool isVendorListener,
             int clientPid, int clientUid);
 
     // Gets the kind of camera device (i.e public, hidden secure or system only)
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputUtils.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputUtils.cpp
index f742a6d..a2a9d04 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputUtils.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3OutputUtils.cpp
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@
 
     auto mapper = states.rotateAndCropMappers.find(states.cameraId.c_str());
     if (mapper != states.rotateAndCropMappers.end()) {
-        const auto& remappedKeys = iter->second.getRemappedKeys();
+        const auto& remappedKeys = mapper->second.getRemappedKeys();
         keysToRemove.insert(remappedKeys.begin(), remappedKeys.end());
     }
 
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/Android.bp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/Android.bp
index 5e2a3fb..b035edd 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/tests/Android.bp
@@ -31,11 +31,14 @@
         "libmedia_headers",
     ],
 
+    defaults: [
+        "libcameraservice_deps",
+    ],
+
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
         "libbinder",
         "libcutils",
-        "libcameraservice",
         "libhidlbase",
         "liblog",
         "libcamera_client",
@@ -45,11 +48,6 @@
         "libjpeg",
         "libexif",
         "android.hardware.camera.common@1.0",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.5",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.6",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.7",
-        "android.hardware.camera.provider-V2-ndk",
         "android.hardware.camera.device@1.0",
         "android.hardware.camera.device@3.2",
         "android.hardware.camera.device@3.4",
@@ -58,6 +56,12 @@
     ],
 
     static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.5",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.6",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.7",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider-V2-ndk",
+        "libcameraservice",
         "libgmock",
     ],
 
diff --git a/services/mediaresourcemanager/ResourceManagerService.cpp b/services/mediaresourcemanager/ResourceManagerService.cpp
index 53cc431..23b23cc 100644
--- a/services/mediaresourcemanager/ResourceManagerService.cpp
+++ b/services/mediaresourcemanager/ResourceManagerService.cpp
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@
 }
 
 static bool hasResourceType(MediaResource::Type type, MediaResource::SubType subType,
-        MediaResourceParcel resource) {
+        const MediaResourceParcel& resource) {
     if (type != resource.type) {
       return false;
     }
diff --git a/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/Android.bp b/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/Android.bp
index d98974f..f38a085 100644
--- a/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/Android.bp
+++ b/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/Android.bp
@@ -27,21 +27,18 @@
     default_applicable_licenses: ["frameworks_av_license"],
 }
 
-cc_fuzz {
-    name: "mediaresourcemanager_fuzzer",
-    srcs: [
-        "mediaresourcemanager_fuzzer.cpp",
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "mediaresourcemanager_fuzzer_defaults",
+    defaults: [
+        "service_fuzzer_defaults",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "liblog",
         "libresourcemanagerservice",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
-        "libbinder",
-        "libbinder_ndk",
         "libmedia",
         "libmediautils",
-        "libutils",
         "libstats_media_metrics",
         "libstatspull",
         "libstatssocket",
@@ -54,3 +51,39 @@
         componentid: 155276,
     },
 }
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "mediaresourcemanager_fuzzer",
+    defaults: [
+        "mediaresourcemanager_fuzzer_defaults",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "mediaresourcemanager_fuzzer.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "resourcemanager_service_fuzzer",
+    defaults: [
+        "mediaresourcemanager_fuzzer_defaults",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "resourcemanager_service_fuzzer.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_fuzz {
+    name: "resourceobserver_service_fuzzer",
+    defaults: [
+        "mediaresourcemanager_fuzzer_defaults",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "resourceobserver_aidl_interface-V1-ndk",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "resourceobserver_service_fuzzer.cpp",
+    ],
+    fuzz_config: {
+        triage_assignee: "waghpawan@google.com",
+    },
+}
diff --git a/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/resourcemanager_service_fuzzer.cpp b/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/resourcemanager_service_fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca10d20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/resourcemanager_service_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android/binder_interface_utils.h>
+
+#include <fuzzbinder/libbinder_ndk_driver.h>
+#include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+
+#include "ResourceManagerService.h"
+
+using android::fuzzService;
+using android::ResourceManagerService;
+using ndk::SharedRefBase;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+   auto service = SharedRefBase::make<ResourceManagerService>();
+   fuzzService(service->asBinder().get(), FuzzedDataProvider(data, size));
+   return 0;
+}
diff --git a/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/resourceobserver_service_fuzzer.cpp b/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/resourceobserver_service_fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69368d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/mediaresourcemanager/fuzzer/resourceobserver_service_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android/binder_interface_utils.h>
+
+#include <fuzzbinder/libbinder_ndk_driver.h>
+#include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+
+#include "ResourceObserverService.h"
+
+using android::fuzzService;
+using android::ResourceObserverService;
+using ndk::SharedRefBase;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+   auto service = SharedRefBase::make<ResourceObserverService>();
+   fuzzService(service->asBinder().get(), FuzzedDataProvider(data, size));
+   return 0;
+}
diff --git a/services/oboeservice/Android.bp b/services/oboeservice/Android.bp
index c5080a4..3521979 100644
--- a/services/oboeservice/Android.bp
+++ b/services/oboeservice/Android.bp
@@ -78,12 +78,38 @@
 
 ]
 
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "libaaudioservice_dependencies",
 
-cc_library {
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libaaudio_internal",
+        "libaudioclient",
+        "libaudioutils",
+        "libmedia_helper",
+        "libmediametrics",
+        "libmediautils",
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder",
+        "libcutils",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "aaudio-aidl-cpp",
+        "framework-permission-aidl-cpp",
+        "libaudioclient_aidl_conversion",
+        "packagemanager_aidl-cpp",
+    ],
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "libaudioflinger",
+    ]
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
 
     name: "libaaudioservice",
 
     defaults: [
+        "libaaudioservice_dependencies",
         "latest_android_media_audio_common_types_cpp_shared",
     ],
 
@@ -116,25 +142,6 @@
         "-Werror",
     ],
 
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libaaudio_internal",
-        "libaudioclient",
-        "libaudioflinger",
-        "libaudioutils",
-        "libmedia_helper",
-        "libmediametrics",
-        "libmediautils",
-        "libbase",
-        "libbinder",
-        "libcutils",
-        "liblog",
-        "libutils",
-        "aaudio-aidl-cpp",
-        "framework-permission-aidl-cpp",
-        "libaudioclient_aidl_conversion",
-        "packagemanager_aidl-cpp",
-    ],
-
     export_shared_lib_headers: [
         "libaaudio_internal",
         "framework-permission-aidl-cpp",