diff --git a/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.cpp b/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.cpp
index 01f55dd..7ecca4f 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.cpp
@@ -1079,6 +1079,7 @@
         client = registerPid(clientPid);
 
         IAfPlaybackThread* effectThread = nullptr;
+        sp<IAfEffectChain> effectChain = nullptr;
         // check if an effect chain with the same session ID is present on another
         // output thread and move it here.
         for (size_t i = 0; i < mPlaybackThreads.size(); i++) {
@@ -1091,6 +1092,10 @@
                 }
             }
         }
+        // Check if an orphan effect chain exists for this session
+        if (effectThread == nullptr) {
+            effectChain = getOrphanEffectChain_l(sessionId);
+        }
         ALOGV("createTrack() sessionId: %d", sessionId);
 
         output.sampleRate = input.config.sample_rate;
@@ -1135,6 +1140,13 @@
                     effectIds = thread->getEffectIds_l(sessionId);
                 }
             }
+            if (effectChain != nullptr) {
+                if (moveEffectChain_ll(sessionId, nullptr, thread, effectChain.get())
+                        == NO_ERROR) {
+                    effectThreadId = thread->id();
+                    effectIds = thread->getEffectIds_l(sessionId);
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         // Look for sync events awaiting for a session to be used.
@@ -4222,8 +4234,9 @@
             // before creating the AudioEffect or the io handle must be specified.
             //
             // Detect if the effect is created after an AudioRecord is destroyed.
-            if ((sessionId != AUDIO_SESSION_OUTPUT_MIX) &&
-                    getOrphanEffectChain_l(sessionId).get() != nullptr) {
+            if (sessionId != AUDIO_SESSION_OUTPUT_MIX
+                  && ((descOut.flags & EFFECT_FLAG_TYPE_MASK) == EFFECT_FLAG_TYPE_PRE_PROC)
+                  && getOrphanEffectChain_l(sessionId).get() != nullptr) {
                 ALOGE("%s: effect %s with no specified io handle is denied because the AudioRecord"
                       " for session %d no longer exists",
                       __func__, descOut.name, sessionId);
@@ -4234,11 +4247,27 @@
             // Legacy handling of creating an effect on an expired or made-up
             // session id.  We think that it is a Playback effect.
             //
-            // If no output thread contains the requested session ID, default to
-            // first output. The effect chain will be moved to the correct output
-            // thread when a track with the same session ID is created
-            if (io == AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE && mPlaybackThreads.size() > 0) {
-                io = mPlaybackThreads.keyAt(0);
+            // If no output thread contains the requested session ID, park the effect to
+            // the orphan chains. The effect chain will be moved to the correct output
+            // thread when a track with the same session ID is created.
+            if (io == AUDIO_IO_HANDLE_NONE) {
+                if (probe) {
+                    // In probe mode, as no compatible thread found, exit with error.
+                    lStatus = BAD_VALUE;
+                    goto Exit;
+                }
+                ALOGV("%s() got io %d for effect %s", __func__, io, descOut.name);
+                sp<Client> client = registerPid(currentPid);
+                bool pinned = !audio_is_global_session(sessionId) && isSessionAcquired_l(sessionId);
+                handle = createOrphanEffect_l(client, effectClient, priority, sessionId,
+                                              &descOut, &enabledOut, &lStatus, pinned,
+                                              request.notifyFramesProcessed);
+                if (lStatus != NO_ERROR && lStatus != ALREADY_EXISTS) {
+                    // remove local strong reference to Client with clientMutex() held
+                    audio_utils::lock_guard _cl(clientMutex());
+                    client.clear();
+                }
+                goto Register;
             }
             ALOGV("createEffect() got io %d for effect %s", io, descOut.name);
         } else if (checkPlaybackThread_l(io) != nullptr
@@ -4356,6 +4385,78 @@
     return lStatus;
 }
 
+sp<IAfEffectHandle> AudioFlinger::createOrphanEffect_l(
+        const sp<Client>& client,
+        const sp<IEffectClient>& effectClient,
+        int32_t priority,
+        audio_session_t sessionId,
+        effect_descriptor_t *desc,
+        int *enabled,
+        status_t *status,
+        bool pinned,
+        bool notifyFramesProcessed)
+{
+    ALOGV("%s effectClient %p, priority %d, sessionId %d, factory %p",
+          __func__, effectClient.get(), priority, sessionId, mEffectsFactoryHal.get());
+
+    // Check if an orphan effect chain exists for this session or create new chain for this session
+    sp<IAfEffectModule> effect;
+    sp<IAfEffectChain> chain = getOrphanEffectChain_l(sessionId);
+    bool chainCreated = false;
+    if (chain == nullptr) {
+        chain = IAfEffectChain::create(/* ThreadBase= */ nullptr, sessionId, this);
+        chainCreated = true;
+    } else {
+        effect = chain->getEffectFromDesc(desc);
+    }
+    bool effectCreated = false;
+    if (effect == nullptr) {
+        audio_unique_id_t effectId = nextUniqueId(AUDIO_UNIQUE_ID_USE_EFFECT);
+        // create a new effect module if none present in the chain
+        status_t llStatus =
+                chain->createEffect(effect, desc, effectId, sessionId, pinned);
+        if (llStatus != NO_ERROR) {
+            *status = llStatus;
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        effect->setMode(getMode());
+
+        if (effect->isHapticGenerator()) {
+            // TODO(b/184194057): Use the vibrator information from the vibrator that will be used
+            // for the HapticGenerator.
+            const std::optional<media::AudioVibratorInfo> defaultVibratorInfo =
+                    std::move(getDefaultVibratorInfo_l());
+            if (defaultVibratorInfo) {
+                // Only set the vibrator info when it is a valid one.
+                audio_utils::lock_guard _cl(chain->mutex());
+                effect->setVibratorInfo_l(*defaultVibratorInfo);
+            }
+        }
+        effectCreated = true;
+    }
+    // create effect handle and connect it to effect module
+    sp<IAfEffectHandle> handle =
+            IAfEffectHandle::create(effect, client, effectClient, priority, notifyFramesProcessed);
+    status_t lStatus = handle->initCheck();
+    if (lStatus == OK) {
+        lStatus = effect->addHandle(handle.get());
+    }
+    if (lStatus != NO_ERROR && lStatus != ALREADY_EXISTS) {
+        if (effectCreated) {
+            chain->removeEffect(effect);
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (enabled != NULL) {
+            *enabled = (int)effect->isEnabled();
+        }
+        if (chainCreated) {
+            putOrphanEffectChain_l(chain);
+        }
+    }
+    *status = lStatus;
+    return handle;
+}
+
 status_t AudioFlinger::moveEffects(audio_session_t sessionId, audio_io_handle_t srcIo,
         audio_io_handle_t dstIo)
 NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS
@@ -4487,7 +4588,7 @@
         if (srcThread != nullptr) {
             srcThread->removeEffect_l(effect);
         } else {
-            chain->removeEffect_l(effect);
+            chain->removeEffect(effect);
         }
         removed.add(effect);
         status = dstThread->addEffect_ll(effect);
@@ -4730,7 +4831,7 @@
     ALOGV("updateOrphanEffectChains session %d index %zd", session, index);
     if (index >= 0) {
         sp<IAfEffectChain> chain = mOrphanEffectChains.valueAt(index);
-        if (chain->removeEffect_l(effect, true) == 0) {
+        if (chain->removeEffect(effect, true) == 0) {
             ALOGV("updateOrphanEffectChains removing effect chain at index %zd", index);
             mOrphanEffectChains.removeItemsAt(index);
         }