diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp
index 764296e..28bb781 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp
@@ -1068,7 +1068,7 @@
             /*targetSdkVersion*/ __ANDROID_API_FUTURE__, /*overrideToPortrait*/ true,
             /*forceSlowJpegMode*/false, /*out*/ tmp)
             ).isOk()) {
-        ALOGE("%s: Error initializing shim metadata: %s", __FUNCTION__, ret.toString8().string());
+        ALOGE("%s: Error initializing shim metadata: %s", __FUNCTION__, ret.toString8().c_str());
     }
     return ret;
 }
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/Camera2Client.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/Camera2Client.cpp
index 68c28e9..9dead7f 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/Camera2Client.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/Camera2Client.cpp
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
         SharedParameters::Lock l(mParameters);
         ALOGD("%s: Default parameters converted from camera %d:", __FUNCTION__,
               mCameraId);
-        ALOGD("%s", l.mParameters.paramsFlattened.string());
+        ALOGD("%s", l.mParameters.paramsFlattened.c_str());
     }
 
     return OK;
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@
         result << fmt::sprintf("    GPS timestamp: %" PRId64 "\n",
                 p.gpsTimestamp);
         result << fmt::sprintf("    GPS processing method: %s\n",
-                p.gpsProcessingMethod.string());
+                p.gpsProcessingMethod.c_str());
     }
 
     result << "    White balance mode: ";
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/client2/Parameters.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/client2/Parameters.cpp
index 23570c2..d5ea689 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/client2/Parameters.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/client2/Parameters.cpp
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
                     availablePreviewSizes[i].width,
                     availablePreviewSizes[i].height);
         }
-        ALOGV("Supported preview sizes are: %s", supportedPreviewSizes.string());
+        ALOGV("Supported preview sizes are: %s", supportedPreviewSizes.c_str());
         params.set(CameraParameters::KEY_SUPPORTED_PREVIEW_SIZES,
                 supportedPreviewSizes);
 
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@
                     availableVideoSizes[i].width,
                     availableVideoSizes[i].height);
         }
-        ALOGV("Supported video sizes are: %s", supportedVideoSizes.string());
+        ALOGV("Supported video sizes are: %s", supportedVideoSizes.c_str());
         params.set(CameraParameters::KEY_SUPPORTED_VIDEO_SIZES,
                 supportedVideoSizes);
     }
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@
                     fps);
 
             ALOGV("%s: Supported preview frame rates: %s",
-                    __FUNCTION__, supportedPreviewFrameRates.string());
+                    __FUNCTION__, supportedPreviewFrameRates.c_str());
         }
         params.set(CameraParameters::KEY_SUPPORTED_PREVIEW_FRAME_RATES,
                 supportedPreviewFrameRates);
@@ -2831,7 +2831,7 @@
     String8 areasStr(areasCStr);
     ssize_t areaStart = areasStr.find("(", 0) + 1;
     while (areaStart != 0) {
-        const char* area = areasStr.string() + areaStart;
+        const char* area = areasStr.c_str() + areaStart;
         char *numEnd;
         int vals[NUM_FIELDS];
         for (size_t i = 0; i < NUM_FIELDS; i++) {
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/gui/RingBufferConsumer.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/gui/RingBufferConsumer.cpp
index cd4a92c..5dbfb36 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/gui/RingBufferConsumer.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/gui/RingBufferConsumer.cpp
@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@
 #include <gui/RingBufferConsumer.h>
 #include <camera/StringUtils.h>
 
-#define BI_LOGV(x, ...) ALOGV("[%s] " x, mName.string(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define BI_LOGD(x, ...) ALOGD("[%s] " x, mName.string(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define BI_LOGI(x, ...) ALOGI("[%s] " x, mName.string(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define BI_LOGW(x, ...) ALOGW("[%s] " x, mName.string(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define BI_LOGE(x, ...) ALOGE("[%s] " x, mName.string(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define BI_LOGV(x, ...) ALOGV("[%s] " x, mName.c_str(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define BI_LOGD(x, ...) ALOGD("[%s] " x, mName.c_str(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define BI_LOGI(x, ...) ALOGI("[%s] " x, mName.c_str(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define BI_LOGW(x, ...) ALOGW("[%s] " x, mName.c_str(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define BI_LOGE(x, ...) ALOGE("[%s] " x, mName.c_str(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
 
 #undef assert
 #define assert(x) ALOG_ASSERT((x), #x)
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/HidlCameraService.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/HidlCameraService.cpp
index 0c0fa7a..90ba294 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/HidlCameraService.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/hidl/HidlCameraService.cpp
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
                 break;
             default:
                 ALOGE("Get camera characteristics from camera service failed: %s",
-                      serviceRet.toString8().string());
+                      serviceRet.toString8().c_str());
                 status = B2HStatus(serviceRet);
           }
         _hidl_cb(status, hidlMetadata);
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@
         }
         hVendorTagSections.resize(numSections);
         for (size_t s = 0; s < numSections; s++) {
-            hVendorTagSections[s].sectionName = (*sectionNames)[s].string();
+            hVendorTagSections[s].sectionName = (*sectionNames)[s].c_str();
             hVendorTagSections[s].tags = tagsBySection[s];
         }
         HProviderIdAndVendorTagSections &hProviderIdAndVendorTagSections =