diff --git a/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraDevice.cpp b/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraDevice.cpp
index eba9d94..b3de17d 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraDevice.cpp
+++ b/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraDevice.cpp
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
             templateId);
         return ACAMERA_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
     } else if (!remoteRet.isOk()) {
-        ALOGE("Create capture request failed: %s", remoteRet.toString8().string());
+        ALOGE("Create capture request failed: %s", remoteRet.toString8().c_str());
         return ACAMERA_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
     }
     ACaptureRequest* outReq = new ACaptureRequest();
@@ -317,22 +317,22 @@
         switch (remoteRet.serviceSpecificErrorCode()) {
             case hardware::ICameraService::ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION:
                 ALOGE("Camera device %s invalid operation: %s", getId(),
-                        remoteRet.toString8().string());
+                        remoteRet.toString8().c_str());
                 return ACAMERA_ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION;
                 break;
             case hardware::ICameraService::ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS:
                 ALOGE("Camera device %s output surface already exists: %s", getId(),
-                        remoteRet.toString8().string());
+                        remoteRet.toString8().c_str());
                 return ACAMERA_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
                 break;
             case hardware::ICameraService::ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT:
                 ALOGE("Camera device %s invalid input argument: %s", getId(),
-                        remoteRet.toString8().string());
+                        remoteRet.toString8().c_str());
                 return ACAMERA_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
                 break;
             default:
                 ALOGE("Camera device %s failed to add shared output: %s", getId(),
-                        remoteRet.toString8().string());
+                        remoteRet.toString8().c_str());
                 return ACAMERA_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
         }
     }
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@
             ALOGV("Repeating request is already stopped.");
             return ACAMERA_OK;
         } else if (!remoteRet.isOk()) {
-            ALOGE("Stop repeating request fails in remote: %s", remoteRet.toString8().string());
+            ALOGE("Stop repeating request fails in remote: %s", remoteRet.toString8().c_str());
             return ACAMERA_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
         }
         checkRepeatingSequenceCompleteLocked(repeatingSequenceId, lastFrameNumber);
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@
     int64_t lastFrameNumber;
     binder::Status remoteRet = mRemote->flush(&lastFrameNumber);
     if (!remoteRet.isOk()) {
-        ALOGE("Abort captures fails in remote: %s", remoteRet.toString8().string());
+        ALOGE("Abort captures fails in remote: %s", remoteRet.toString8().c_str());
         return ACAMERA_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
     }
     if (mRepeatingSequenceId != REQUEST_ID_NONE) {
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@
 
     binder::Status remoteRet = mRemote->waitUntilIdle();
     if (!remoteRet.isOk()) {
-        ALOGE("Camera device %s waitUntilIdle failed: %s", getId(), remoteRet.toString8().string());
+        ALOGE("Camera device %s waitUntilIdle failed: %s", getId(), remoteRet.toString8().c_str());
         // TODO: define a function to convert status_t -> camera_status_t
         return ACAMERA_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
     }
@@ -680,7 +680,7 @@
 
     binder::Status remoteRet = mRemote->beginConfigure();
     if (!remoteRet.isOk()) {
-        ALOGE("Camera device %s begin configure failed: %s", getId(), remoteRet.toString8().string());
+        ALOGE("Camera device %s begin configure failed: %s", getId(), remoteRet.toString8().c_str());
         return ACAMERA_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
     }
 
@@ -689,7 +689,7 @@
         remoteRet = mRemote->deleteStream(streamId);
         if (!remoteRet.isOk()) {
             ALOGE("Camera device %s failed to remove stream %d: %s", getId(), streamId,
-                    remoteRet.toString8().string());
+                    remoteRet.toString8().c_str());
             return ACAMERA_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
         }
         mConfiguredOutputs.erase(streamId);
@@ -701,7 +701,7 @@
         remoteRet = mRemote->createStream(outputPair.second, &streamId);
         if (!remoteRet.isOk()) {
             ALOGE("Camera device %s failed to create stream: %s", getId(),
-                    remoteRet.toString8().string());
+                    remoteRet.toString8().c_str());
             return ACAMERA_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
         }
         mConfiguredOutputs.insert(std::make_pair(streamId, outputPair));
@@ -716,10 +716,10 @@
             ns2ms(startTimeNs), &offlineStreamIds);
     if (remoteRet.serviceSpecificErrorCode() == hardware::ICameraService::ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT) {
         ALOGE("Camera device %s cannnot support app output configuration: %s", getId(),
-                remoteRet.toString8().string());
+                remoteRet.toString8().c_str());
         return ACAMERA_ERROR_STREAM_CONFIGURE_FAIL;
     } else if (!remoteRet.isOk()) {
-        ALOGE("Camera device %s end configure failed: %s", getId(), remoteRet.toString8().string());
+        ALOGE("Camera device %s end configure failed: %s", getId(), remoteRet.toString8().c_str());
         return ACAMERA_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
     }
 
@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@
         if (cbh.mIsLogicalCameraCallback) {
             if (resultExtras.errorPhysicalCameraId.size() > 0) {
                 String8 cameraId = toString8(resultExtras.errorPhysicalCameraId);
-                msg->setString(kFailingPhysicalCameraId, cameraId.string(), cameraId.size());
+                msg->setString(kFailingPhysicalCameraId, cameraId.c_str(), cameraId.size());
             }
             msg->setPointer(kCallbackFpKey, (void*) cbh.mOnLogicalCameraCaptureFailed);
         } else {
diff --git a/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraDevice.h b/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraDevice.h
index 17988fe..fef8ec2 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraDevice.h
+++ b/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraDevice.h
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
                   ACameraDevice* wrapper);
     ~CameraDevice();
 
-    inline const char* getId() const { return mCameraId.string(); }
+    inline const char* getId() const { return mCameraId.c_str(); }
 
     camera_status_t createCaptureRequest(
             ACameraDevice_request_template templateId,
diff --git a/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraManager.cpp b/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraManager.cpp
index e715c22..3ecf845 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraManager.cpp
+++ b/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraManager.cpp
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@
                 } else {
                     VendorTagDescriptorCache::clearGlobalVendorTagCache();
                     ALOGE("%s: Failed to setup vendor tag cache: %s",
-                            __FUNCTION__, res.toString8().string());
+                            __FUNCTION__, res.toString8().c_str());
                 }
             }
         } else if (ret.serviceSpecificErrorCode() ==
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@
             VendorTagDescriptor::clearGlobalVendorTagDescriptor();
         } else {
             ALOGE("%s: Failed to get vendor tag descriptors: %s",
-                    __FUNCTION__, ret.toString8().string());
+                    __FUNCTION__, ret.toString8().c_str());
         }
     }
     ALOGE_IF(mCameraService == nullptr, "no CameraService!?");
@@ -708,7 +708,7 @@
                 return ACAMERA_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
             default:
                 ALOGE("Get camera characteristics from camera service failed: %s",
-                        serviceRet.toString8().string());
+                        serviceRet.toString8().c_str());
                 return ACAMERA_ERROR_UNKNOWN; // should not reach here
         }
     }
@@ -752,7 +752,7 @@
             targetSdkVersion, /*overrideToPortrait*/false, /*out*/&deviceRemote);
 
     if (!serviceRet.isOk()) {
-        ALOGE("%s: connect camera device failed: %s", __FUNCTION__, serviceRet.toString8().string());
+        ALOGE("%s: connect camera device failed: %s", __FUNCTION__, serviceRet.toString8().c_str());
         // Convert serviceRet to camera_status_t
         switch(serviceRet.serviceSpecificErrorCode()) {
             case hardware::ICameraService::ERROR_DISCONNECTED:
diff --git a/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraMetadata.cpp b/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraMetadata.cpp
index 05124c0..7935909 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraMetadata.cpp
+++ b/camera/ndk/impl/ACameraMetadata.cpp
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
         if (ids[i] == '\0') {
             if (start != i) {
                 mStaticPhysicalCameraIdValues.push_back(String8((const char *)ids+start));
-                mStaticPhysicalCameraIds.push_back(mStaticPhysicalCameraIdValues.back().string());
+                mStaticPhysicalCameraIds.push_back(mStaticPhysicalCameraIdValues.back().c_str());
             }
             start = i+1;
         }