MediaMetrics: Add AudioAnalytics

Test: mediametrics dumpsys, atest mediametrics_tests
Bug: 138583596
Change-Id: I56c82e6c685a9fae21581f14d3b370a8e352f3f3
diff --git a/services/mediaanalytics/TimeMachine.h b/services/mediaanalytics/TimeMachine.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..578b838
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/mediaanalytics/TimeMachine.h
@@ -0,0 +1,484 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <any>
+#include <map>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <variant>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <media/MediaAnalyticsItem.h>
+#include <utils/Timers.h>
+
+namespace android::mediametrics {
+
+// define a way of printing the monostate
+inline std::ostream & operator<< (std::ostream& s,
+                           std::monostate const& v __unused) {
+    s << "none_item";
+    return s;
+}
+
+// define a way of printing a variant
+// see https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/variant/visit
+template <typename T0, typename ... Ts>
+std::ostream & operator<< (std::ostream& s,
+                           std::variant<T0, Ts...> const& v) {
+    std::visit([&s](auto && arg){ s << std::forward<decltype(arg)>(arg); }, v);
+    return s;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The TimeMachine is used to record timing changes of MediaAnalyticItem
+ * properties.
+ *
+ * Any URL that ends with '!' will have a time sequence that keeps duplicates.
+ *
+ * The TimeMachine is NOT thread safe.
+ */
+class TimeMachine {
+
+    using Elem = std::variant<std::monostate, int32_t, int64_t, double, std::string>;
+    using PropertyHistory = std::multimap<int64_t /* time */, Elem>;
+
+    // KeyHistory contains no lock.
+    // Access is through the TimeMachine, and a hash-striped lock is used
+    // before calling into KeyHistory.
+    class KeyHistory  {
+    public:
+        template <typename T>
+        KeyHistory(T key, pid_t pid, uid_t uid, int64_t time)
+            : mKey(key)
+            , mPid(pid)
+            , mUid(uid)
+            , mCreationTime(time)
+            , mLastModificationTime(time)
+        {
+            putValue("_pid", (int32_t)pid, time);
+            putValue("_uid", (int32_t)uid, time);
+        }
+
+        status_t checkPermission(uid_t uidCheck) const {
+            return uidCheck != (uid_t)-1 && uidCheck != mUid ? PERMISSION_DENIED : NO_ERROR;
+        }
+
+        template <typename T>
+        status_t getValue(const std::string &property, T* value, int64_t time = 0) const {
+            if (time == 0) time = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_BOOTTIME);
+            const auto tsptr = mPropertyMap.find(property);
+            if (tsptr == mPropertyMap.end()) return BAD_VALUE;
+            const auto& timeSequence = tsptr->second;
+            auto eptr = timeSequence.upper_bound(time);
+            if (eptr == timeSequence.begin()) return BAD_VALUE;
+            --eptr;
+            if (eptr == timeSequence.end()) return BAD_VALUE;
+            const T* vptr = std::get_if<T>(&eptr->second);
+            if (vptr == nullptr) return BAD_VALUE;
+            *value = *vptr;
+            return NO_ERROR;
+        }
+
+        template <typename T>
+        status_t getValue(const std::string &property, T defaultValue, int64_t time = 0) const {
+            T value;
+            return getValue(property, &value, time) != NO_ERROR ? defaultValue : value;
+        }
+
+        void putProp(
+                const std::string &name, const MediaAnalyticsItem::Prop &prop, int64_t time = 0) {
+            prop.visit([&](auto value) { putValue(name, value, time); });
+        }
+
+        template <typename T>
+        void putValue(const std::string &property,
+                T&& e, int64_t time = 0) {
+            if (time == 0) time = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_BOOTTIME);
+            mLastModificationTime = time;
+            auto& timeSequence = mPropertyMap[property];
+            Elem el{std::forward<T>(e)};
+            if (timeSequence.empty()           // no elements
+                    || property.back() == '!'  // keep duplicates TODO: remove?
+                    || timeSequence.rbegin()->second != el) { // value changed
+                timeSequence.emplace(time, std::move(el));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Explicitly ignore rate properties - we don't expose them for now.
+        void putValue(
+                      const std::string &property __unused,
+                      std::pair<int64_t, int64_t>& e __unused,
+                      int64_t time __unused) {
+        }
+
+        std::pair<std::string, int32_t> dump(int32_t lines, int64_t time) const {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            int32_t ll = lines;
+            for (auto& tsPair : mPropertyMap) {
+                if (ll <= 0) break;
+                ss << dump(mKey, tsPair, time);
+                --ll;
+            }
+            return { ss.str(), lines - ll };
+        }
+
+        int64_t getLastModificationTime() const { return mLastModificationTime; }
+
+    private:
+        static std::string dump(
+                const std::string &key,
+                const std::pair<std::string /* prop */, PropertyHistory>& tsPair,
+                int64_t time) {
+            const auto timeSequence = tsPair.second;
+            auto eptr = timeSequence.lower_bound(time);
+            if (eptr == timeSequence.end()) {
+                return tsPair.first + "={};\n";
+            }
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << key << "." << tsPair.first << "={";
+            do {
+                ss << eptr->first << ":" << eptr->second << ",";
+            } while (++eptr != timeSequence.end());
+            ss << "};\n";
+            return ss.str();
+        }
+
+        const std::string mKey;
+        const pid_t mPid __unused;
+        const uid_t mUid;
+        const int64_t mCreationTime __unused;
+
+        int64_t mLastModificationTime;
+        std::map<std::string /* property */, PropertyHistory> mPropertyMap;
+    };
+
+    using History = std::map<std::string /* key */, std::shared_ptr<KeyHistory>>;
+
+    static inline constexpr size_t kKeyLowWaterMark = 500;
+    static inline constexpr size_t kKeyHighWaterMark = 1000;
+
+    // Estimated max data space usage is 3KB * kKeyHighWaterMark.
+
+public:
+
+    TimeMachine() = default;
+    TimeMachine(size_t keyLowWaterMark, size_t keyHighWaterMark)
+        : mKeyLowWaterMark(keyLowWaterMark)
+        , mKeyHighWaterMark(keyHighWaterMark) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(keyHighWaterMark <= keyLowWaterMark,
+              "%s: required that keyHighWaterMark:%zu > keyLowWaterMark:%zu",
+                  __func__, keyHighWaterMark, keyLowWaterMark);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Put all the properties from an item into the Time Machine log.
+     */
+    status_t put(const std::shared_ptr<const MediaAnalyticsItem>& item, bool isTrusted = false) {
+        const int64_t time = item->getTimestamp();
+        const std::string &key = item->getKey();
+
+        std::shared_ptr<KeyHistory> keyHistory;
+        {
+            std::vector<std::any> garbage;
+            std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+
+            auto it = mHistory.find(key);
+            if (it == mHistory.end()) {
+                if (!isTrusted) return PERMISSION_DENIED;
+
+                (void)gc_l(garbage);
+
+                // no keylock needed here as we are sole owner
+                // until placed on mHistory.
+                keyHistory = std::make_shared<KeyHistory>(
+                    key, item->getPid(), item->getUid(), time);
+                mHistory[key] = keyHistory;
+            } else {
+                keyHistory = it->second;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // deferred contains remote properties (for other keys) to do later.
+        std::vector<const MediaAnalyticsItem::Prop *> deferred;
+        {
+            // handle local properties
+            std::lock_guard lock(getLockForKey(key));
+            if (!isTrusted) {
+                status_t status = keyHistory->checkPermission(item->getUid());
+                if (status != NO_ERROR) return status;
+            }
+
+            for (const auto &prop : *item) {
+                const std::string &name = prop.getName();
+                if (name.size() == 0 || name[0] == '_') continue;
+
+                // Cross key settings are with [key]property
+                if (name[0] == '[') {
+                    if (!isTrusted) continue;
+                    deferred.push_back(&prop);
+                } else {
+                    keyHistory->putProp(name, prop, time);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // handle remote properties, if any
+        for (const auto propptr : deferred) {
+            const auto &prop = *propptr;
+            const std::string &name = prop.getName();
+            size_t end = name.find_first_of(']'); // TODO: handle nested [] or escape?
+            if (end == 0) continue;
+            std::string remoteKey = name.substr(1, end - 1);
+            std::string remoteName = name.substr(end + 1);
+            if (remoteKey.size() == 0 || remoteName.size() == 0) continue;
+            std::shared_ptr<KeyHistory> remoteKeyHistory;
+            {
+                std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+                auto it = mHistory.find(remoteKey);
+                if (it == mHistory.end()) continue;
+                remoteKeyHistory = it->second;
+            }
+            std::lock_guard(getLockForKey(remoteKey));
+            remoteKeyHistory->putProp(remoteName, prop, time);
+        }
+        return NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    status_t get(const std::string &key, const std::string &property,
+            T* value, int32_t uidCheck = -1, int64_t time = 0) const {
+        std::shared_ptr<KeyHistory> keyHistory;
+        {
+            std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+            const auto it = mHistory.find(key);
+            if (it == mHistory.end()) return BAD_VALUE;
+            keyHistory = it->second;
+        }
+        std::lock_guard lock(getLockForKey(key));
+        return keyHistory->checkPermission(uidCheck)
+                ?: keyHistory->getValue(property, value, time);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Individual property put.
+     *
+     * Put takes in a time (if none is provided then BOOTTIME is used).
+     */
+    template <typename T>
+    status_t put(const std::string &url, T &&e, int64_t time = 0) {
+        std::string key;
+        std::string prop;
+        std::shared_ptr<KeyHistory> keyHistory =
+            getKeyHistoryFromUrl(url, &key, &prop);
+        if (keyHistory == nullptr) return BAD_VALUE;
+        if (time == 0) time = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_BOOTTIME);
+        std::lock_guard lock(getLockForKey(key));
+        keyHistory->putValue(prop, std::forward<T>(e), time);
+        return NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Individual property get
+     */
+    template <typename T>
+    status_t get(const std::string &url, T* value, int32_t uidCheck, int64_t time = 0) const {
+        std::string key;
+        std::string prop;
+        std::shared_ptr<KeyHistory> keyHistory =
+            getKeyHistoryFromUrl(url, &key, &prop);
+        if (keyHistory == nullptr) return BAD_VALUE;
+
+        std::lock_guard lock(getLockForKey(key));
+        return keyHistory->checkPermission(uidCheck)
+               ?: keyHistory->getValue(prop, value, time);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Individual property get with default
+     */
+    template <typename T>
+    T get(const std::string &url, const T &defaultValue, int32_t uidCheck,
+            int64_t time = 0) const {
+        T value;
+        return get(url, &value, uidCheck, time) == NO_ERROR
+                ? value : defaultValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns number of keys in the Time Machine.
+     */
+    size_t size() const {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+        return mHistory.size();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clears all properties from the Time Machine.
+     */
+    void clear() {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+        mHistory.clear();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a pair consisting of the TimeMachine state as a string
+     * and the number of lines in the string.
+     *
+     * The number of lines in the returned pair is used as an optimization
+     * for subsequent line limiting.
+     *
+     * \param lines the maximum number of lines in the string returned.
+     * \param key selects only that key.
+     * \param time to start the dump from.
+     */
+    std::pair<std::string, int32_t> dump(
+            int32_t lines = INT32_MAX, const std::string &key = {}, int64_t time = 0) const {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+        if (!key.empty()) {  // use std::regex
+            const auto it = mHistory.find(key);
+            if (it == mHistory.end()) return {};
+            std::lock_guard lock(getLockForKey(it->first));
+            return it->second->dump(lines, time);
+        }
+
+        std::stringstream ss;
+        int32_t ll = lines;
+        for (const auto &keyPair : mHistory) {
+            std::lock_guard lock(getLockForKey(keyPair.first));
+            if (lines <= 0) break;
+            auto [s, l] = keyPair.second->dump(ll, time);
+            ss << s;
+            ll -= l;
+        }
+        return { ss.str(), lines - ll };
+    }
+
+private:
+
+    // Obtains the lock for a KeyHistory.
+    std::mutex &getLockForKey(const std::string &key) const {
+        return mKeyLocks[std::hash<std::string>{}(key) % std::size(mKeyLocks)];
+    }
+
+    // Finds a KeyHistory from a URL.  Returns nullptr if not found.
+    std::shared_ptr<KeyHistory> getKeyHistoryFromUrl(
+            std::string url, std::string* key, std::string *prop) const {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mLock);
+
+        auto it = mHistory.upper_bound(url);
+        if (it == mHistory.begin()) {
+           return nullptr;
+        }
+        --it;  // go to the actual key, if it exists.
+
+        const std::string& itKey = it->first;
+        if (strncmp(itKey.c_str(), url.c_str(), itKey.size())) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        if (key) *key = itKey;
+        if (prop) *prop = url.substr(itKey.size() + 1);
+        return it->second;
+    }
+
+    // GUARDED_BY mLock
+    /**
+     * Garbage collects if the TimeMachine size exceeds the high water mark.
+     *
+     * \param garbage a type-erased vector of elements to be destroyed
+     *        outside of lock.  Move large items to be destroyed here.
+     *
+     * \return true if garbage collection was done.
+     */
+    bool gc_l(std::vector<std::any>& garbage) {
+        // TODO: something better than this for garbage collection.
+        if (mHistory.size() < mKeyHighWaterMark) return false;
+
+        ALOGD("%s: garbage collection", __func__);
+
+        // erase everything explicitly expired.
+        std::multimap<int64_t, std::string> accessList;
+        // use a stale vector with precise type to avoid type erasure overhead in garbage
+        std::vector<std::shared_ptr<KeyHistory>> stale;
+
+        for (auto it = mHistory.begin(); it != mHistory.end();) {
+            const std::string& key = it->first;
+            std::shared_ptr<KeyHistory> &keyHist = it->second;
+
+            std::lock_guard lock(getLockForKey(it->first));
+            int64_t expireTime = keyHist->getValue("_expire", -1 /* default */);
+            if (expireTime != -1) {
+                stale.emplace_back(std::move(it->second));
+                it = mHistory.erase(it);
+            } else {
+                accessList.emplace(keyHist->getLastModificationTime(), key);
+                ++it;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (mHistory.size() > mKeyLowWaterMark) {
+           const size_t toDelete = mHistory.size() - mKeyLowWaterMark;
+           auto it = accessList.begin();
+           for (size_t i = 0; i < toDelete; ++i) {
+               auto it2 = mHistory.find(it->second);
+               stale.emplace_back(std::move(it2->second));
+               mHistory.erase(it2);
+               ++it;
+           }
+        }
+        garbage.emplace_back(std::move(accessList));
+        garbage.emplace_back(std::move(stale));
+
+        ALOGD("%s(%zu, %zu): key size:%zu",
+                __func__, mKeyLowWaterMark, mKeyHighWaterMark,
+                mHistory.size());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    const size_t mKeyLowWaterMark = kKeyLowWaterMark;
+    const size_t mKeyHighWaterMark = kKeyHighWaterMark;
+
+    /**
+     * Locking Strategy
+     *
+     * Each key in the History has a KeyHistory. To get a shared pointer to
+     * the KeyHistory requires a lookup of mHistory under mLock.  Once the shared
+     * pointer to KeyHistory is obtained, the mLock for mHistory can be released.
+     *
+     * Once the shared pointer to the key's KeyHistory is obtained, the KeyHistory
+     * can be locked for read and modification through the method getLockForKey().
+     *
+     * Instead of having a mutex per KeyHistory, we use a hash striped lock
+     * which assigns a mutex based on the hash of the key string.
+     *
+     * Once the last shared pointer reference to KeyHistory is released, it is
+     * destroyed.  This is done through the garbage collection method.
+     *
+     * This two level locking allows multiple threads to access the TimeMachine
+     * in parallel.
+     */
+
+    mutable std::mutex mLock;           // Lock for mHistory
+    History mHistory;                   // GUARDED_BY mLock
+
+    // KEY_LOCKS is the number of mutexes for keys.
+    // It need not be a power of 2, but faster that way.
+    static inline constexpr size_t KEY_LOCKS = 256;
+    mutable std::mutex mKeyLocks[KEY_LOCKS];  // Hash-striped lock for KeyHistory based on key.
+};
+
+} // namespace android::mediametrics