runtime(java): Recognise the inline kind of the {@return} tag (#14284)

Also:

- Refine comment matching (javaComment{Error\ and,Start}).
- Continue rewriting regexps (prefer atom grouping with
  non-capturing parens; factor out common prefixes in
  alternations).
- Allow for relative paths with the _file_ attribute of
  {@snippet}.
- Anticipate HTML in the @see tags.
- Match the nullary method parens in javaDocSeeTagParam.
- Improve the boundary patterns for summary sentences of
  documentation.

> This sentence ends at ... or at the first tag (as defined
> below).

There are Java documentation tags (@) and there are HTML
tags (<?>) (with Markdown looming large; see JEP 467).  With
block tags, e.g. @param, @return, @see, we begin another
documentation "sentence" whether or not the author has
terminated the summary sentence with a period; with
.<!-- -->, we may follow abbreviations, enumerations,
initials, (but instead consider @literal or &nbsp;) _within_
the summary sentence.  On the other hand, inline tags, e.g.
@code, @link, @literal, should not terminate the summary
sentence.

References:
https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8075778
https://www.oracle.com/technical-resources/articles/java/javadoc-tool.html#firstsentence
https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/21/docs/specs/javadoc/doc-comment-spec.html


Signed-off-by: Aliaksei Budavei <0x000c70@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/java.vim b/runtime/syntax/java.vim
index fe0cabf..cf27e0d 100644
--- a/runtime/syntax/java.vim
+++ b/runtime/syntax/java.vim
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 " Language:	Java
 " Maintainer:	Claudio Fleiner <claudio@fleiner.com>
 " URL:          https://github.com/fleiner/vim/blob/master/runtime/syntax/java.vim
-" Last Change:	2024 Mar 22
+" Last Change:	2024 Mar 24
 
 " Please check :help java.vim for comments on some of the options available.
 
@@ -191,17 +191,20 @@
   syn cluster javaCommentSpecial2 add=javaComment2String,javaCommentCharacter,javaNumber,javaStrTempl
 endif
 
-syn region  javaComment		start="/\*" end="\*/" contains=@javaCommentSpecial,javaTodo,javaSpaceError,@Spell
+syn region  javaComment		matchgroup=javaCommentStart start="/\*" end="\*/" contains=@javaCommentSpecial,javaTodo,javaCommentError,javaSpaceError,@Spell
 syn match   javaCommentStar	 contained "^\s*\*[^/]"me=e-1
 syn match   javaCommentStar	 contained "^\s*\*$"
 syn match   javaLineComment	"//.*" contains=@javaCommentSpecial2,javaTodo,javaCommentMarkupTag,javaSpaceError,@Spell
-syn match   javaCommentMarkupTag contained "@\%(end\|highlight\|link\|replace\|start\)\>" nextgroup=javaCommentMarkupTagAttr skipwhite
-syn match   javaCommentMarkupTagAttr contained "\<region\>" nextgroup=javaCommentMarkupTagAttr skipwhite
-syn region  javaCommentMarkupTagAttr contained transparent matchgroup=htmlArg start=/\<\%(re\%(gex\|gion\|placement\)\|substring\|t\%(arget\|ype\)\)\%(\s*=\)\@=/ matchgroup=htmlString end=/\%(=\s*\)\@<=\%("[^"]\+"\|'[^']\+'\|\%([.-]\|\k\)\+\)/ nextgroup=javaCommentMarkupTagAttr skipwhite oneline
+syn match   javaCommentMarkupTag contained "@\%(end\|highlight\|link\|replace\|start\)\>" nextgroup=javaCommentMarkupTagAttr,javaSpaceError skipwhite
+syn match   javaCommentMarkupTagAttr contained "\<region\>" nextgroup=javaCommentMarkupTagAttr,javaSpaceError skipwhite
+syn region  javaCommentMarkupTagAttr contained transparent matchgroup=htmlArg start=/\<\%(re\%(gex\|gion\|placement\)\|substring\|t\%(arget\|ype\)\)\%(\s*=\)\@=/ matchgroup=htmlString end=/\%(=\s*\)\@<=\%("[^"]\+"\|'[^']\+'\|\%([.-]\|\k\)\+\)/ nextgroup=javaCommentMarkupTagAttr,javaSpaceError skipwhite oneline
 hi def link javaCommentMarkupTagAttr htmlArg
 hi def link javaCommentString javaString
 hi def link javaComment2String javaString
 hi def link javaCommentCharacter javaCharacter
+syn match   javaCommentError contained "/\*"me=e-1 display
+hi def link javaCommentError javaError
+hi def link javaCommentStart javaComment
 
 syn cluster javaTop add=javaComment,javaLineComment
 
@@ -215,17 +218,18 @@
   " here.
   syntax spell default
 
-  syn region javaDocComment	start="/\*\*" end="\*/" keepend contains=javaCommentTitle,@javaHtml,javaDocTags,javaDocSeeTag,javaDocCodeTag,javaDocSnippetTag,javaTodo,javaSpaceError,@Spell
-  syn region javaCommentTitle	contained matchgroup=javaDocComment start="/\*\*" matchgroup=javaCommentTitle keepend end="\.$" end="\.[ \t\r<&]"me=e-1 end="[^{]@"me=s-2,he=s-1 end="\*/"me=s-1,he=s-1 contains=@javaHtml,javaCommentStar,javaTodo,javaSpaceError,@Spell,javaDocTags,javaDocSeeTag,javaDocCodeTag,javaDocSnippetTag
+  syn region javaDocComment	start="/\*\*" end="\*/" keepend contains=javaCommentTitle,@javaHtml,javaDocTags,javaDocSeeTag,javaDocCodeTag,javaDocSnippetTag,javaTodo,javaCommentError,javaSpaceError,@Spell
+  syn region javaCommentTitle	contained matchgroup=javaDocComment start="/\*\*" matchgroup=javaCommentTitle end="\.$" end="\.[ \t\r]\@=" end="\%(^\s*\**\s*\)\@<=@"me=s-2,he=s-1 end="\*/"me=s-1,he=s-1 contains=@javaHtml,javaCommentStar,javaTodo,javaCommentError,javaSpaceError,@Spell,javaDocTags,javaDocSeeTag,javaDocCodeTag,javaDocSnippetTag
+  syn region javaCommentTitle	contained matchgroup=javaDocComment start="/\*\*\s*\r\=\n\=\s*\**\s*\%({@return\>\)\@=" matchgroup=javaCommentTitle end="}\%(\s*\.*\)*" contains=@javaHtml,javaCommentStar,javaTodo,javaCommentError,javaSpaceError,@Spell,javaDocTags,javaDocSeeTag,javaDocCodeTag,javaDocSnippetTag
   syn region javaDocTags	contained start="{@\%(li\%(teral\|nk\%(plain\)\=\)\|inherit[Dd]oc\|doc[rR]oot\|value\)\>" end="}"
-  syn match  javaDocTags	 contained "@\(param\|exception\|throws\|since\)\s\+\S\+" contains=javaDocParam
-  syn match  javaDocParam	 contained "\s\S\+"
-  syn match  javaDocTags	 contained "@\(version\|author\|return\|deprecated\|serial\|serialField\|serialData\)\>"
-  syn region javaDocSeeTag	 contained matchgroup=javaDocTags start="@see\s\+" matchgroup=NONE end="\_."re=e-1 contains=javaDocSeeTagParam
-  syn match  javaDocSeeTagParam  contained @"\_[^"]\+"\|<a\s\+\_.\{-}</a>\|\(\k\|\.\)*\(#\k\+\((\_[^)]\+)\)\=\)\=@ extend
+  syn match  javaDocTags	contained "@\%(param\|exception\|throws\|since\)\s\+\S\+" contains=javaDocParam
+  syn match  javaDocParam	contained "\s\S\+"
+  syn match  javaDocTags	contained "@\%(version\|author\|return\|deprecated\|serial\%(Field\|Data\)\=\)\>"
+  syn region javaDocSeeTag	contained matchgroup=javaDocTags start="@see\s\+" matchgroup=NONE end="\_."re=e-1 contains=javaDocSeeTagParam
+  syn match  javaDocSeeTagParam	contained @"\_[^"]\+"\|<a\s\+\_.\{-}</a>\|\%(\k\|\.\)*\%(#\k\+\%((\_[^)]*)\)\=\)\=@ contains=@javaHtml extend
   syn region javaCodeSkipBlock	contained transparent start="{\%(@code\>\)\@!" end="}" contains=javaCodeSkipBlock,javaDocCodeTag
   syn region javaDocCodeTag	contained start="{@code\>" end="}" contains=javaDocCodeTag,javaCodeSkipBlock
-  syn region javaDocSnippetTagAttr contained transparent matchgroup=htmlArg start=/\<\%(class\|file\|id\|lang\|region\)\%(\s*=\)\@=/ matchgroup=htmlString end=/:$/ end=/\%(=\s*\)\@<=\%("[^"]\+"\|'[^']\+'\|\%([.-]\|\k\)\+\)/ nextgroup=javaDocSnippetTagAttr skipwhite skipnl
+  syn region javaDocSnippetTagAttr contained transparent matchgroup=htmlArg start=/\<\%(class\|file\|id\|lang\|region\)\%(\s*=\)\@=/ matchgroup=htmlString end=/:$/ end=/\%(=\s*\)\@<=\%("[^"]\+"\|'[^']\+'\|\%([.\\/-]\|\k\)\+\)/ nextgroup=javaDocSnippetTagAttr skipwhite skipnl
   syn region javaSnippetSkipBlock contained transparent start="{\%(@snippet\>\)\@!" end="}" contains=javaSnippetSkipBlock,javaDocSnippetTag,javaCommentMarkupTag
   syn region javaDocSnippetTag	contained start="{@snippet\>" end="}" contains=javaDocSnippetTag,javaSnippetSkipBlock,javaDocSnippetTagAttr,javaCommentMarkupTag
   syntax case match
@@ -367,6 +371,13 @@
 if !exists("java_minlines")
   let java_minlines = 10
 endif
+
+" Note that variations of a /*/ balanced comment, e.g., /*/*/, /*//*/,
+" /* /*/, /*  /*/, etc., may have their rightmost /*/ part accepted
+" as a comment start by ':syntax sync ccomment'; consider alternatives
+" to make synchronisation start further towards file's beginning by
+" bumping up g:java_minlines or issuing ':syntax sync fromstart' or
+" preferring &foldmethod set to 'syntax'.
 exec "syn sync ccomment javaComment minlines=" . java_minlines
 
 " The default highlighting.