runtime(java): Recognise the CommonMark form (///) of Javadoc comments

Complement "g:java_ignore_javadoc" with "g:java_ignore_html"
and "g:java_ignore_markdown" to allow selectively disabling
the recognition of HTML and CommonMark respectively.

(Note that this is not a preview feature.)

======================== LIMITATION ========================

According to the syntactical details of JEP 467:

> Any leading whitespace and the three initial / characters
> are removed from each line.
>
> The lines are shifted left, by removing leading whitespace
> characters, until the non-blank line with the least
> leading whitespace has no remaining leading whitespace.
>
> Additional leading whitespace and any trailing whitespace
> in each line is preserved, because it may be significant.

the following example:
------------------------------------------------------------
///    A summary sentence.
///     A list:
///      - Item A.
///     - Item B.
///
///     Some code span, starting here `
///      1 + 2 ` and ending at the previous \`.
------------------------------------------------------------

should be interpreted as if it were written thus:
------------------------------------------------------------
///A summary sentence.
/// A list:
///  - Item A.
/// - Item B.
///
/// Some code span, starting here `
///  1 + 2 ` and ending at the previous \`.
------------------------------------------------------------

Since automatic line rewriting will not be pursued, parts of
such comments having significant whitespace may be ‘wrongly’
highlighted.  For convenience, a &fex function is defined to
‘correct’ it: g:javaformat#RemoveCommonMarkdownWhitespace()
(:help ft-java-plugin).

References:
https://openjdk.org/jeps/467
https://spec.commonmark.org/0.31.2

closes: #15740

Co-authored-by: Tim Pope <code@tpope.net>
Signed-off-by: Aliaksei Budavei <0x000c70@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/java.vim b/runtime/syntax/java.vim
index 800faa4..737219a 100644
--- a/runtime/syntax/java.vim
+++ b/runtime/syntax/java.vim
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 " Maintainer:		Aliaksei Budavei <0x000c70 AT gmail DOT com>
 " Former Maintainer:	Claudio Fleiner <claudio@fleiner.com>
 " Repository:		https://github.com/zzzyxwvut/java-vim.git
-" Last Change:		2024 Sep 19
+" Last Change:		2024 Sep 28
 
 " Please check :help java.vim for comments on some of the options available.
 
@@ -156,6 +156,10 @@
   let [s:ff.PeekTo, s:ff.PeekFrom, s:ff.GroupArgs] = repeat([s:ff.RightConstant], 3)
 endif
 
+let s:with_html = !exists("g:java_ignore_html")
+let s:with_markdown = !exists("g:java_ignore_markdown")
+lockvar s:with_html s:with_markdown
+
 " Java module declarations (JLS-17, §7.7).
 "
 " Note that a "module-info" file will be recognised with an arbitrary
@@ -172,7 +176,7 @@
   hi def link javaModuleStmt		Statement
   hi def link javaModuleExternal	Include
 
-  if !exists("g:java_ignore_javadoc") && g:main_syntax != 'jsp'
+  if !exists("g:java_ignore_javadoc") && (s:with_html || s:with_markdown) && g:main_syntax != 'jsp'
     syn match javaDocProvidesTag	contained "@provides\_s\+\S\+" contains=javaDocParam
     syn match javaDocUsesTag		contained "@uses\_s\+\S\+" contains=javaDocParam
     hi def link javaDocProvidesTag	Special
@@ -335,18 +339,52 @@
 exec 'syn region javaCommentMarkupTagAttr contained transparent matchgroup=javaHtmlArg start=/\<\%(re\%(gex\|gion\|placement\)\|substring\|t\%(arget\|ype\)\)\%(\s*=\)\@=/ matchgroup=javaHtmlString end=/\%(=\s*\)\@' . s:ff.Peek('80', '') . '<=\%("[^"]\+"\|' . "\x27[^\x27]\\+\x27" . '\|\%([.-]\|\k\)\+\)/ nextgroup=javaCommentMarkupTagAttr,javaSpaceError skipwhite oneline'
 syn match   javaCommentError contained "/\*"me=e-1 display
 
-if !exists("g:java_ignore_javadoc") && g:main_syntax != 'jsp'
-  " The overridable "html*" default links must be defined _before_ the
-  " inclusion of the same default links from "html.vim".
-  hi def link htmlComment	Special
-  hi def link htmlCommentPart	Special
-  hi def link htmlArg		Type
-  hi def link htmlString	String
+if !exists("g:java_ignore_javadoc") && (s:with_html || s:with_markdown) && g:main_syntax != 'jsp'
+  " The overridable "html*" and "markdown*" default links must be
+  " defined _before_ the inclusion of the same default links from
+  " "html.vim" and "markdown.vim".
+  if s:with_html || s:with_markdown
+    hi def link htmlComment		Special
+    hi def link htmlCommentPart		Special
+    hi def link htmlArg			Type
+    hi def link htmlString		String
+  endif
+
+  if s:with_markdown
+    hi def link markdownCode		Special
+    hi def link markdownCodeBlock	Special
+    hi def link markdownCodeDelimiter	Special
+    hi def link markdownLinkDelimiter	Comment
+  endif
+
   syntax case ignore
 
+  " Note that javaDocSeeTag is valid in HTML and Markdown.
+  let s:ff.WithMarkdown = s:ff.RightConstant
+
   " Include HTML syntax coloring for Javadoc comments.
-  syntax include @javaHtml syntax/html.vim
-  unlet b:current_syntax
+  if s:with_html
+    syntax include @javaHtml syntax/html.vim
+    unlet b:current_syntax
+  endif
+
+  " Include Markdown syntax coloring (v7.2.437) for Javadoc comments.
+  if s:with_markdown
+    try
+      syntax include @javaMarkdown syntax/markdown.vim
+      unlet b:current_syntax
+      let s:ff.WithMarkdown = s:ff.LeftConstant
+    catch /\<E48[45]:/
+      call s:ReportOnce(v:exception)
+      unlockvar s:with_markdown
+      let s:with_markdown = 0
+      lockvar s:with_markdown
+      hi clear markdownCode
+      hi clear markdownCodeBlock
+      hi clear markdownCodeDelimiter
+      hi clear markdownLinkDelimiter
+    endtry
+  endif
 
   " HTML enables spell checking for all text that is not in a syntax
   " item (:syntax spell toplevel); instead, limit spell checking to
@@ -357,10 +395,71 @@
     call s:ReportOnce(v:exception)
   endtry
 
-  syn region javaDocComment	start="/\*\*" end="\*/" keepend contains=javaCommentTitle,@javaHtml,@javaDocTags,javaTodo,javaCommentError,javaSpaceError,@Spell fold
-  exec 'syn region javaCommentTitle contained matchgroup=javaDocComment start="/\*\*" matchgroup=javaCommentTitle end="\.$" end="\.[ \t\r]\@=" end="\%(^\s*\**\s*\)\@' . s:ff.Peek('80', '') . '<=@"me=s-2,he=s-1 end="\*/"me=s-1,he=s-1 contains=@javaHtml,javaCommentStar,javaTodo,javaCommentError,javaSpaceError,@Spell,@javaDocTags'
-  syn region javaCommentTitle	contained matchgroup=javaDocComment start="/\*\*\s*\r\=\n\=\s*\**\s*\%({@return\>\)\@=" matchgroup=javaCommentTitle end="}\%(\s*\.*\)*" contains=@javaHtml,javaCommentStar,javaTodo,javaCommentError,javaSpaceError,@Spell,@javaDocTags,javaTitleSkipBlock
-  syn region javaCommentTitle	contained matchgroup=javaDocComment start="/\*\*\s*\r\=\n\=\s*\**\s*\%({@summary\>\)\@=" matchgroup=javaCommentTitle end="}" contains=@javaHtml,javaCommentStar,javaTodo,javaCommentError,javaSpaceError,@Spell,@javaDocTags,javaTitleSkipBlock
+  if s:with_markdown
+    syn region javaMarkdownComment	start="///" skip="^\s*///.*$" end="^" keepend contains=javaMarkdownCommentTitle,javaMarkdownShortcutLink,@javaMarkdown,@javaDocTags,javaTodo,@Spell nextgroup=javaMarkdownCommentTitle fold
+    syn match javaMarkdownCommentMask	contained "^\s*///"
+    exec 'syn region javaMarkdownCommentTitle contained matchgroup=javaMarkdownComment start="\%(///.*\r\=\n\s*\)\@' . s:ff.Peek('80', '') . '<!///" matchgroup=javaMarkdownCommentTitle end="\.$" end="\.[ \t\r]\@=" end="\n\%(\s*///\s*$\)\@=" end="\%(^\s*///\s*\)\@' . s:ff.Peek('80', '') . '<=@"me=s-2,he=s-1 contains=javaMarkdownShortcutLink,@javaMarkdown,javaMarkdownCommentMask,javaTodo,@Spell,@javaDocTags'
+    exec 'syn region javaMarkdownCommentTitle contained matchgroup=javaMarkdownComment start="\%(///.*\r\=\n\s*\)\@' . s:ff.Peek('80', '') . '<!///\s*\%({@return\>\)\@=" matchgroup=javaMarkdownCommentTitle end="}\%(\s*\.*\)*" contains=javaMarkdownShortcutLink,@javaMarkdown,javaMarkdownCommentMask,javaTodo,@Spell,@javaDocTags,javaTitleSkipBlock'
+    exec 'syn region javaMarkdownCommentTitle contained matchgroup=javaMarkdownComment start="\%(///.*\r\=\n\s*\)\@' . s:ff.Peek('80', '') . '<!///\s*\%({@summary\>\)\@=" matchgroup=javaMarkdownCommentTitle end="}" contains=javaMarkdownShortcutLink,@javaMarkdown,javaMarkdownCommentMask,javaTodo,@Spell,@javaDocTags,javaTitleSkipBlock'
+
+    syn clear markdownId markdownLineStart markdownH1 markdownH2 markdownHeadingRule markdownRule markdownCode markdownCodeBlock markdownIdDeclaration
+    " REDEFINE THE MARKDOWN ITEMS ANCHORED WITH "^", OBSERVING THE
+    " DEFINITION ORDER.
+    syn match markdownLineStart		contained "^\s*///\s*[<@]\@!" contains=@markdownBlock,javaMarkdownCommentTitle,javaMarkdownCommentMask nextgroup=@markdownBlock,htmlSpecialChar
+    " See https://spec.commonmark.org/0.31.2/#setext-headings.
+    syn match markdownH1		contained "^\s*/// \{,3}.\+\r\=\n\s*/// \{,3}=\+\s*$" contains=@markdownInline,markdownHeadingRule,markdownAutomaticLink,javaMarkdownCommentMask
+    syn match markdownH2		contained "^\s*/// \{,3}.\+\r\=\n\s*/// \{,3}-\+\s*$" contains=@markdownInline,markdownHeadingRule,markdownAutomaticLink,javaMarkdownCommentMask
+    " See https://spec.commonmark.org/0.31.2/#atx-headings.
+    syn region markdownH1		contained matchgroup=markdownH1Delimiter start=" \{,3}#\s" end="#*\s*$" keepend contains=@markdownInline,markdownAutomaticLink oneline
+    syn region markdownH2		contained matchgroup=markdownH2Delimiter start=" \{,3}##\s" end="#*\s*$" keepend contains=@markdownInline,markdownAutomaticLink oneline
+    syn match markdownHeadingRule	contained "^\s*/// \{,3}[=-]\+\s*$" contains=javaMarkdownCommentMask
+    " See https://spec.commonmark.org/0.31.2/#thematic-breaks.
+    syn match markdownRule		contained "^\s*/// \{,3}\*\s*\*\%(\s*\*\)\+\s*$" contains=javaMarkdownCommentMask
+    syn match markdownRule		contained "^\s*/// \{,3}_\s*_\%(\s*_\)\+\s*$" contains=javaMarkdownCommentMask
+    syn match markdownRule		contained "^\s*/// \{,3}-\s*-\%(\s*-\)\+\s*$" contains=javaMarkdownCommentMask
+    " See https://spec.commonmark.org/0.31.2/#indented-code-blocks.
+    syn region markdownCodeBlock	contained start="^\s*///\%( \{4,}\|\t\)" end="^\ze\s*///\%(\s*$\| \{,3}\S\)" keepend contains=javaMarkdownCommentMask
+    " See https://spec.commonmark.org/0.31.2/#code-spans.
+    syn region markdownCode		contained matchgroup=markdownCodeDelimiter start="\z(`\+\) \=" end=" \=\z1" keepend contains=markdownLineStart,javaMarkdownCommentMask
+    " See https://spec.commonmark.org/0.31.2/#fenced-code-blocks.
+    syn region markdownCodeBlock	contained start="^\s*/// \{,3}\z(```\+\)\%(.\{-}[^`]`\)\@!" end="^\s*/// \{,3}\z1`*" keepend contains=javaMarkdownCommentMask
+    syn region markdownCodeBlock	contained start="^\s*/// \{,3}\z(\~\~\~\+\)" end="^\s*/// \{,3}\z1\~*" keepend contains=javaMarkdownCommentMask
+    " See https://spec.commonmark.org/0.31.2/#link-reference-definitions.
+    syn region markdownIdDeclaration	contained matchgroup=markdownLinkDelimiter start="^\s*/// \{,3\}!\=\[" end="\]:" keepend contains=javaMarkdownCommentMask nextgroup=markdownUrl oneline skipwhite
+    " See https://spec.commonmark.org/0.31.2/#link-label.
+    syn region markdownId		contained matchgroup=markdownIdDelimiter start="\[\%([\t ]\]\)\@!" end="\]" contains=javaMarkdownSkipBrackets,javaMarkdownCommentMask
+    " Note that escaped brackets can be unbalanced.
+    syn match javaMarkdownSkipBrackets	contained transparent "\\\[\|\\\]"
+    " See https://spec.commonmark.org/0.31.2/#shortcut-reference-link.
+    syn region javaMarkdownShortcutLink	contained matchgroup=markdownLinkTextDelimiter start="!\=\[^\@!\%(\_[^][]*\%(\[\_[^][]*\]\_[^][]*\)*]\%([[(]\)\@!\)\@=" end="\]\%([[(]\)\@!" contains=@markdownInline,markdownLineStart,javaMarkdownSkipBrackets,javaMarkdownCommentMask nextgroup=markdownLink,markdownId skipwhite
+
+    for s:name in ['markdownFootnoteDefinition', 'markdownFootnote']
+      if hlexists(s:name)
+	exec 'syn clear ' . s:name
+      endif
+    endfor
+
+    unlet s:name
+
+    " COMBAK: Footnotes are recognised by "markdown.vim", but are not
+    " in CommonMark.  See https://pandoc.org/MANUAL.html#footnotes.
+""""syn match markdownFootnoteDefinition contained "^\s*///\s*\[^[^\]]\+\]:" contains=javaMarkdownCommentMask
+
+    hi def link javaMarkdownComment	Comment
+    hi def link javaMarkdownCommentMask	javaMarkdownComment
+    hi def link javaMarkdownCommentTitle SpecialComment
+    hi def link javaMarkdownShortcutLink htmlLink
+  endif
+
+  if s:with_html
+    syn region javaDocComment	start="/\*\*" end="\*/" keepend contains=javaCommentTitle,@javaHtml,@javaDocTags,javaTodo,javaCommentError,javaSpaceError,@Spell fold
+    exec 'syn region javaCommentTitle contained matchgroup=javaDocComment start="/\*\*" matchgroup=javaCommentTitle end="\.$" end="\.[ \t\r]\@=" end="\%(^\s*\**\s*\)\@' . s:ff.Peek('80', '') . '<=@"me=s-2,he=s-1 end="\*/"me=s-1,he=s-1 contains=@javaHtml,javaCommentStar,javaTodo,javaCommentError,javaSpaceError,@Spell,@javaDocTags'
+    syn region javaCommentTitle	contained matchgroup=javaDocComment start="/\*\*\s*\r\=\n\=\s*\**\s*\%({@return\>\)\@=" matchgroup=javaCommentTitle end="}\%(\s*\.*\)*" contains=@javaHtml,javaCommentStar,javaTodo,javaCommentError,javaSpaceError,@Spell,@javaDocTags,javaTitleSkipBlock
+    syn region javaCommentTitle	contained matchgroup=javaDocComment start="/\*\*\s*\r\=\n\=\s*\**\s*\%({@summary\>\)\@=" matchgroup=javaCommentTitle end="}" contains=@javaHtml,javaCommentStar,javaTodo,javaCommentError,javaSpaceError,@Spell,@javaDocTags,javaTitleSkipBlock
+    hi def link javaDocComment		Comment
+    hi def link javaCommentTitle	SpecialComment
+  endif
+
   " The members of javaDocTags are sub-grouped according to the Java
   " version of their introduction, and sub-group members in turn are
   " arranged in alphabetical order, so that future newer members can
@@ -403,13 +502,29 @@
   syn match  javaDocSerialFieldTag contained "@serialField\>"
   syn match  javaDocVersionTag	contained "@version\>"
 
-  syn match  javaDocSeeTag	contained "@see\>" nextgroup=javaDocSeeTag1,javaDocSeeTag2,javaDocSeeTag3,javaDocSeeTagStar skipwhite skipempty
-  syn match  javaDocSeeTagStar	contained "^\s*\*\+\%(\s*{\=@\|/\|$\)\@!" nextgroup=javaDocSeeTag1,javaDocSeeTag2,javaDocSeeTag3 skipwhite skipempty
+  syn match javaDocSeeTag contained "@see\>\s*" nextgroup=javaDocSeeTag1,javaDocSeeTag2,javaDocSeeTag3,javaDocSeeTag4,javaDocSeeTagStar,javaDocSeeTagSlash skipwhite skipempty
+
+  if s:with_html
+    syn match  javaDocSeeTagStar contained "^\s*\*\+\%(\s*{\=@\|/\|$\)\@!" nextgroup=javaDocSeeTag1,javaDocSeeTag2,javaDocSeeTag3,javaDocSeeTag4 skipwhite skipempty
+    hi def link javaDocSeeTagStar javaDocComment
+  endif
+
+  if s:with_markdown
+    syn match  javaDocSeeTagSlash contained "^\s*///\%(\s*{\=@\|$\)\@!" nextgroup=javaDocSeeTag1,javaDocSeeTag2,javaDocSeeTag3,javaDocSeeTag4 skipwhite skipempty
+    hi def link javaDocSeeTagSlash javaMarkdownComment
+  endif
+
   syn match  javaDocSeeTag1	contained @"\_[^"]\+"@
   syn match  javaDocSeeTag2	contained @<a\s\+\_.\{-}</a>@ contains=@javaHtml extend
-  syn match  javaDocSeeTag3	contained @["< \t]\@!\%(\k\|[/.]\)*\%(##\=\k\+\%((\_[^)]*)\)\=\)\=@ nextgroup=javaDocSeeTag3Label skipwhite skipempty
+  exec 'syn match javaDocSeeTag3 contained @[' . s:ff.WithMarkdown('[', '') . '"< \t]\@!\%(\k\|[/.]\)*\%(##\=\k\+\%((\_[^)]*)\)\=\)\=@ nextgroup=javaDocSeeTag3Label skipwhite skipempty'
   syn match  javaDocSeeTag3Label contained @\k\%(\k\+\s*\)*$@
 
+  " COMBAK: No support for type javaDocSeeTag2 in Markdown.
+""if s:with_markdown
+""  syn match  javaDocSeeTag4	contained @\[.\+\]\s\=\%(\[.\+\]\|(.\+)\)@ contains=@javaMarkdown extend
+""  hi def link javaDocSeeTag4	Special
+""endif
+
   syn region javaCodeSkipBlock	contained transparent start="{\%(@code\>\)\@!" end="}" contains=javaCodeSkipBlock,javaDocCodeTag
   syn region javaDocCodeTag	contained start="{@code\>" end="}" contains=javaDocCodeTag,javaCodeSkipBlock
 
@@ -418,9 +533,6 @@
   syn region javaDocSnippetTag	contained start="{@snippet\>" end="}" contains=javaDocSnippetTag,javaSnippetSkipBlock,javaDocSnippetTagAttr,javaCommentMarkupTag
 
   syntax case match
-  hi def link javaDocComment		Comment
-  hi def link javaDocSeeTagStar		javaDocComment
-  hi def link javaCommentTitle		SpecialComment
   hi def link javaDocParam		Function
 
   hi def link javaDocAuthorTag		Special
@@ -729,7 +841,7 @@
 
 let b:spell_options = "contained"
 let &cpo = s:cpo_save
-unlet s:ff s:cpo_save
+unlet s:cpo_save s:ff s:with_html s:with_markdown
 
 " See ":help vim9-mix".
 if !has("vim9script")
@@ -757,4 +869,4 @@
   setlocal foldtext=s:JavaSyntaxFoldTextExpr()
   delfunction! g:JavaSyntaxFoldTextExpr
 endif
-" vim: sw=2 ts=8 noet sta
+" vim: fdm=syntax sw=2 ts=8 noet sta