updated for version 7.0007
diff --git a/runtime/doc/various.txt b/runtime/doc/various.txt
index 3624a7b..9676801 100644
--- a/runtime/doc/various.txt
+++ b/runtime/doc/various.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-*various.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Jun 18
+*various.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Jul 05
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
@@ -8,8 +8,7 @@
1. Various commands |various-cmds|
2. Online help |online-help|
-3. Printing |printing|
-4. Using Vim like less or more |less|
+3. Using Vim like less or more |less|
==============================================================================
1. Various commands *various-cmds*
@@ -722,369 +721,6 @@
languages in the specified directory.
==============================================================================
-3. Printing *printing*
-
-On MS-Windows Vim can print your text on any installed printer. On other
-systems a PostScript file is produced. This can be directly sent to a
-PostScript printer. For other printers a program like ghostscript needs to be
-used.
-
-3.1 PostScript Printing |postscript-printing|
-3.2 PostScript Printing Encoding |postscript-print-encoding|
-3.3 PostScript Printing Troubleshooting |postscript-print-trouble|
-3.4 PostScript Utilities |postscript-print-util|
-3.5 Formfeed Characters |printing-formfeed|
-
-{not in Vi}
-{only available when compiled with |+printer| feature}
-
- *:ha* *:hardcopy* *E237* *E238* *E324*
-:[range]ha[rdcopy][!] [arguments]
- Send [range] lines (default whole file) to the
- printer.
-
- On MS-Windows a dialog is displayed to allow selection
- of printer, paper size etc. To skip the dialog, use
- the [!]. In this case the printer defined by
- 'printdevice' is used, or, if 'printdevice' is empty,
- the system default printer.
-
- For systems other than MS-Windows, PostScript is
- written in a temp file and 'printexpr' is used to
- actually print it. Then [arguments] can be used by
- 'printexpr' through |v:cmdarg|. Otherwise [arguments]
- is ignored. 'printoptions' can be used to specify
- paper size, duplex, etc.
-
-:[range]ha[rdcopy][!] >{filename}
- As above, but write the resulting PostScript in file
- {filename}.
- Things like "%" are expanded |cmdline-special|
- Careful: An existing file is silently overwritten.
- {only available when compiled with the |+postscript|
- feature}
- On MS-Windows use the "print to file" feature of the
- printer driver.
-
-Progress is displayed during printing as a page number and a percentage. To
-abort printing use the interrupt key (CTRL-C or, on MS-systems, CTRL-Break).
-
-Printer output is controlled by the 'printfont' and 'printoptions' options.
-'printheader' specifies the format of a page header.
-
-The printed file is always limited to the selected margins, irrespective of
-the current window's 'wrap' or 'linebreak' settings. The "wrap" item in
-'printoptions' can be used to switch wrapping off.
-The current highlighting colors are used in the printout, with the following
-considerations:
-1) The normal background is always rendered as white (i.e. blank paper.)
-2) White text or the default foreground is rendered as black, so that it shows
- up!
-3) If 'background' is "dark", then the colours are darkened to compensate for
- the fact that otherwise they would be too bright to show up clearly on
- white paper.
-
-
-3.1 PostScript Printing *postscript-printing*
- *E455* *E456* *E457* *E624*
-Provided you have enough disk space there should be no problems generating a
-PostScript file. You need to have the runtime files correctly installed (if
-you can find the help files, they probably are).
-
-There are currently a number of limitations with PostScript printing:
-
-- 'printfont' - The font name is ignored (the Courier family is always used -
- it should be available on all PostScript printers) but the font size is
- used.
-
-- 'printoptions' - The duplex setting is used when generating PostScript
- output, but it is up to the printer to take notice of the setting. If the
- printer does not support duplex printing then it should be silently ignored.
- Some printers, however, don't print at all.
-
-- 8-bit support - While a number of 8-bit print character encodings are
- supported it is possible that some characters will not print. Whether a
- character will print depends on the font in the printer knowing the
- character. Missing characters will be replaced with an upside down question
- mark, or a space if that character is also not known by the font. It may be
- possible to get all the characters in an encoding to print by installing a
- new version of the Courier font family.
-
-- Multi-byte support - Currently VIM will try to convert multi-byte characters
- to the 8-bit encoding specified by 'printencoding' (or latin1 if it is
- empty). Any characters that are not successfully converted are shown as
- unknown characters. Printing will fail if VIM cannot convert the multi-byte
- to the 8-bit encoding.
-
-
-3.2 Custom 8-bit Print Character Encodings *postscript-print-encoding*
- *E618* *E619*
-To use your own print character encoding when printing 8-bit character data
-you need to define your own PostScript font encoding vector. Details on how
-to to define a font encoding vector is beyond the scope of this help file, but
-you can find details in the PostScript Language Reference Manual, 3rd Edition,
-published by Addison-Wesley and available in PDF form at
-http://www.adobe.com/. The following describes what you need to do for VIM to
-locate and use your print character encoding.
-
-i. Decide on a unique name for your encoding vector, one that does not clash
- with any of the recognized or standard encoding names that VIM uses (see
- |encoding-names| for a list), and that no one else is likely to use.
-ii. Copy $VIMRUNTIME/print/latin1.ps to the print subdirectory in your
- 'runtimepath' and rename it with your unique name.
-iii. Edit your renamed copy of latin1.ps, replacing all occurrences of latin1
- with your unique name (don't forget the line starting %%Title:), and
- modify the array of glyph names to define your new encoding vector. The
- array must have exactly 256 entries or you will not be able to print!
-iv. Within VIM, set 'printencoding' to your unique encoding name and then
- print your file. VIM will now use your custom print character encoding.
-
-VIM will report an error with the resource file if you change the order or
-content of the first 3 lines, other than the name of the encoding on the line
-starting %%Title: or the version number on the line starting %%Version:.
-
-[Technical explanation for those that know PostScript - VIM looks for a file
-with the same name as the encoding it will use when printing. The file
-defines a new PostScript Encoding resource called /VIM-name, where name is the
-print character encoding VIM will use.]
-
-
-3.3 PostScript Printing Troubleshooting *postscript-print-trouble*
- *E621*
-Usually the only sign of a problem when printing with PostScript is that your
-printout does not appear. If you are lucky you may get a printed page that
-tells you the PostScript operator that generated the error that prevented the
-print job completing.
-
-There are a number of possible causes as to why the printing may have failed:
-
-- Wrong version of the prolog resource file. The prolog resource file
- contains some PostScript that VIM needs to be able to print. Each version
- of VIM needs one particular version. Make sure you have correctly installed
- the runtime files, and don't have any old versions of a file called prolog
- in the print directory in your 'runtimepath' directory.
-
-- Paper size. Some PostScript printers will abort printing a file if they do
- not support the requested paper size. By default VIM uses A4 paper. Find
- out what size paper your printer normally uses and set the appropriate paper
- size with 'printoptions'. If you cannot find the name of the paper used,
- measure a sheet and compare it with the table of supported paper sizes listed
- for 'printoptions', using the paper that is closest in both width AND height.
- Note: The dimensions of actual paper may vary slightly from the ones listed.
- If there is no paper listed close enough, then you may want to try psresize
- from PSUtils, discussed below.
-
-- Two-sided printing (duplex). Normally a PostScript printer that does not
- support two-sided printing will ignore any request to do it. However, some
- printers may abort the job altogether. Try printing with duplex turned off.
- Note: Duplex prints can be achieved manually using PS utils - see below.
-
-- Collated printing. As with Duplex printing, most PostScript printers that
- do not support collating printouts will ignore a request to do so. Some may
- not. Try printing with collation turned off.
-
-- Syntax highlighting. Some print management code may prevent the generated
- PostScript file from being printed on a black and white printer when syntax
- highlighting is turned on, even if solid black is the only color used. Try
- printing with syntax highlighting turned off.
-
-A safe printoptions setting to try is: >
-
- :set printoptions=paper:A4,duplex:off,collate:n,syntax:n
-
-Replace "A4" with the paper size that best matches your printer paper.
-
-
-3.4 PostScript Utilities *postscript-print-util*
-
-3.4.1 Ghostscript
-
-Ghostscript is a PostScript and PDF interpreter that can be used to display
-and print on non-PostScript printers PostScript and PDF files. It can also
-generate PDF files from PostScript.
-
-Ghostscript will run on a wide variety of platforms.
-
-There are three available versions:
-
-- AFPL Ghostscript (formerly Aladdin Ghostscript) which is free for
- non-commercial use. It can be obtained from:
-
- http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/
-
-- GNU Ghostscript which is available under the GNU General Public License. It
- can be obtained from:
-
- ftp://mirror.cs.wisc.edu/pub/mirrors/ghost/gnu/
-
-- A commercial version for inclusion in commercial products.
-
-Additional information on Ghostscript can also be found at:
-
- http://www.ghostscript.com/
-
-Support for a number of non PostScript printers is provided in the
-distribution as standard, but if you cannot find support for your printer
-check the Ghostscript site for other printers not included by default.
-
-
-3.4.2 Ghostscript Previewers.
-
-The interface to Ghostscript is very primitive so a number of graphical front
-ends have been created. These allow easier PostScript file selection,
-previewing at different zoom levels, and printing. Check supplied
-documentation for full details.
-
-X11
-
-- Ghostview. Obtainable from:
-
- http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/gv/
-
-- gv. Derived from Ghostview. Obtainable from:
-
- http://wwwthep.physik.uni-mainz.de/~plass/gv/
-
- Copies (possibly not the most recent) can be found at:
-
- http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/gv/
-
-OpenVMS
-
-- Is apparently supported in the main code now (untested). See:
-
- http://wwwthep.physik.uni-mainz.de/~plass/gv/
-
-Windows and OS/2
-
-- GSview. Obtainable from:
-
- http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/gsview/
-
-DOS
-
-- ps_view. Obtainable from:
-
- ftp://ftp.pg.gda.pl/pub/TeX/support/ps_view/
- ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/support/ps_view/
-
-Linux
-
-- GSview. Linux version of the popular Windows and OS/2 previewer.
- Obtainable from:
-
- http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/gsview/
-
-- BMV. Different from Ghostview and gv in that it doesn't use X but svgalib.
- Obtainable from:
-
- ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/graphics/viewers/svga/bmv-1.2.tgz
-
-
-3.4.3 PSUtils
-
-PSUtils is a collection of utility programs for manipulating PostScript
-documents. Binary distributions are available for many platforms, as well as
-the full source. PSUtils can be found at:
-
- http://knackered.org/angus/psutils
-
-The utilities of interest include:
-
-- psnup. Convert PS files for N-up printing.
-- psselect. Select page range and order of printing.
-- psresize. Change the page size.
-- psbook. Reorder and lay out pages ready for making a book.
-
-The output of one program can be used as the input to the next, allowing for
-complex print document creation.
-
-
-N-UP PRINTING
-
-The psnup utility takes an existing PostScript file generated from VIM and
-convert it to an n-up version. The simplest way to create a 2-up printout is
-to first create a PostScript file with: >
-
- :hardcopy > test.ps
-
-Then on your command line execute: >
-
- psnup -n 2 test.ps final.ps
-
-Note: You may get warnings from some Ghostscript previewers for files produced
-by psnup - these may safely be ignored.
-
-Finally print the file final.ps to your PostScript printer with your
-platform's print command. (You will need to delete the two PostScript files
-afterwards yourself.) 'printexpr' could be modified to perform this extra
-step before printing.
-
-
-ALTERNATE DUPLEX PRINTING
-
-It is possible to achieve a poor man's version of duplex printing using the PS
-utility psselect. This utility has options -e and -o for printing just the
-even or odd pages of a PS file respectively.
-
-First generate a PS file with the 'hardcopy' command, then generate a new
-files with all the odd and even numbered pages with: >
-
- psselect -o test.ps odd.ps
- psselect -e test.ps even.ps
-
-Next print odd.ps with your platform's normal print command. Then take the
-print output, turn it over and place it back in the paper feeder. Now print
-even.ps with your platform's print command. All the even pages should now
-appear on the back of the odd pages.
-
-There a couple of points to bear in mind:
-
-1. Position of the first page. If the first page is on top of the printout
- when printing the odd pages then you need to reverse the order that the odd
- pages are printed. This can be done with the -r option to psselect. This
- will ensure page 2 is printed on the back of page 1.
- Note: it is better to reverse the odd numbered pages rather than the even
- numbered in case there are an odd number of pages in the original PS file.
-
-2. Paper flipping. When turning over the paper with the odd pages printed on
- them you may have to either flip them horizontally (along the long edge) or
- vertically (along the short edge), as well as possibly rotating them 180
- degrees. All this depends on the printer - it will be more obvious for
- desktop ink jets than for small office laser printers where the paper path
- is hidden from view.
-
-
-3.5 Formfeed Characters *printing-formfeed*
-
-By default VIM does not do any special processing of |formfeed| control
-characters. Setting the 'printoptions' formfeed item will make VIM recognize
-formfeed characters and continue printing the current line at the beginning
-of the first line on a new page. The use of formfeed characters provides
-rudimentary print control but there are certain things to be aware of.
-
-VIM will always start printing a line (including a line number if enabled)
-containing a formfeed character, even if it is the first character on the
-line. This means if a line starting with a formfeed character is the first
-line of a page then VIM will print a blank page.
-
-Since the line number is printed at the start of printing the line containing
-the formfeed character, the remainder of the line printed on the new page
-will not have a line number printed for it (in the same way as the wrapped
-lines of a long line when wrap in 'printoptions' is enabled).
-
-If the formfeed character is the last character on a line, then printing will
-continue on the second line of the new page, not the first. This is due to
-VIM processing the end of the line after the formfeed character and moving
-down a line to continue printing.
-
-Due to the points made above it is recommended that when formfeed character
-processing is enabled, printing of line numbers is disabled, and that form
-feed characters are not the last character on a line. Even then you may need
-to adjust the number of lines before a formfeed character to prevent
-accidental blank pages.
-
-==============================================================================
4. Using Vim like less or more *less*
If you use the less or more program to view a file, you don't get syntax