diff --git a/runtime/syntax/generator/gen_syntax_vim.vim b/runtime/syntax/generator/gen_syntax_vim.vim
index 5c797de..b4feeed 100644
--- a/runtime/syntax/generator/gen_syntax_vim.vim
+++ b/runtime/syntax/generator/gen_syntax_vim.vim
@@ -279,6 +279,7 @@
 	\	'autocmd', 'augroup', 'doautocmd', 'doautoall',
 	\	'echo', 'echoconsole', 'echoerr', 'echohl', 'echomsg', 'echon', 'echowindow',
 	\	'execute',
+	\ 'function', 'endfunction', 'def', 'enddef',
 	\	'behave', 'augroup', 'normal', 'syntax',
 	\	'append', 'insert',
 	\	'Next', 'Print', 'X',
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/generator/vim.vim.base b/runtime/syntax/generator/vim.vim.base
index 46285f3..0004109 100644
--- a/runtime/syntax/generator/vim.vim.base
+++ b/runtime/syntax/generator/vim.vim.base
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@
 syn case match
 
 " All vimCommands are contained by vimIsCommand. {{{2
-syn cluster vimCmdList	contains=vimAbb,vimAddress,vimAutoCmd,vimAugroup,vimBehave,@vimEcho,vimExecute,vimIsCommand,vimExtCmd,vimFunction,vimGlobal,vimHighlight,vimLet,vimMap,vimMark,vimNotFunc,vimNorm,vimSet,vimSyntax,vimUnlet,vimUnmap,vimUserCmd,vimMenu,vimMenutranslate
+syn cluster vimCmdList	contains=vimAbb,vimAddress,vimAutoCmd,vimAugroup,vimBehave,vimDef,@vimEcho,vimEnddef,vimEndfunction,vimExecute,vimIsCommand,vimExtCmd,vimFor,vimFunction,vimGlobal,vimHighlight,vimLet,vimMap,vimMark,vimNotFunc,vimNorm,vimSet,vimSyntax,vimUnlet,vimUnmap,vimUserCmd,vimMenu,vimMenutranslate
 syn match vimCmdSep	"[:|]\+"	skipwhite nextgroup=@vimCmdList,vimSubst1
 syn match vimIsCommand	"\<\%(\h\w*\|[23]mat\%[ch]\)\>"	contains=vimCommand
 syn match vimVar	      contained	"\<\h[a-zA-Z0-9#_]*\>"
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@
 
 " Operators: {{{2
 " =========
-syn cluster	vimOperGroup	contains=vimEnvvar,vimFunc,vimFuncVar,vimOper,vimOperParen,vimNumber,vimString,vimType,vimRegister,@vimContinue,vim9Comment,vimVar
+syn cluster	vimOperGroup	contains=vimEnvvar,vimFunc,vimFuncVar,vimOper,vimOperParen,vimNumber,vimString,vimRegister,@vimContinue,vim9Comment,vimVar
 syn match	vimOper	"||\|&&\|[-+*/%.!]"				skipwhite nextgroup=vimString,vimSpecFile
 syn match	vimOper	"\%#=1\(==\|!=\|>=\|<=\|=\~\|!\~\|>\|<\|=\|!\~#\)[?#]\{0,2}"	skipwhite nextgroup=vimString,vimSpecFile
 syn match	vimOper	"\(\<is\|\<isnot\)[?#]\{0,2}\>"			skipwhite nextgroup=vimString,vimSpecFile
@@ -239,28 +239,67 @@
 
 " Functions : Tag is provided for those who wish to highlight tagged functions {{{2
 " =========
-syn cluster	vimFuncList	contains=vimCommand,vimFunctionError,vimFuncKey,Tag,vimFuncSID
-syn cluster	vimFuncBodyList	contains=@vimCmdList,vimCmplxRepeat,vimComment,vim9Comment,vimContinue,vimCtrlChar,vimEnvvar,vimFBVar,vimFunc,vimFunction,vimFuncVar,vimLetHereDoc,vimLineComment,vimNotation,vimNotFunc,vimNumber,vimOper,vimOperParen,vimRegion,vimRegister,vimSearch,vimSpecFile,vimString,vimSubst
-syn match	vimFunction	"\<\(fu\%[nction]\)!\=\s\+\%(<[sS][iI][dD]>\|[sSgGbBwWtTlL]:\)\=\%(\i\|[#.]\|{.\{-1,}}\)*\ze\s*("	contains=@vimFuncList nextgroup=vimFuncBody
-syn match	vimFunction	"\<def\s\+new\i\{-}(" contains=@vimFuncList nextgroup=vimFuncBody
-syn match	vimFunction	"\<def!\=\s\+\%(\i\|[#.]\|{.\{-1,}}\)*\ze\s*(" contains=@vimFuncList nextgroup=vimFuncBody
-"syn match	vimFunction	"\<def!\=\ze\s*(" contains=@vimFuncList nextgroup=vimFuncBody
+syn cluster	vimFuncList	contains=vimFuncBang,vimFunctionError,vimFuncKey,vimFuncSID,Tag
+syn cluster	vimDefList	contains=vimFuncBang,vimFunctionError,vimDefKey,vimFuncSID,Tag
+syn cluster	vimFuncBodyList	contains=@vimCmdList,vimCmplxRepeat,vimComment,vimContinue,vimCtrlChar,vimDef,vimEnvvar,vimFBVar,vimFunc,vimFunction,vimFuncVar,vimLetHereDoc,vimLineComment,vimNotation,vimNotFunc,vimNumber,vimOper,vimOperParen,vimRegion,vimRegister,vimSearch,vimSpecFile,vimString,vimSubst
+syn cluster	vimDefBodyList	contains=@vimCmdList,vimCmplxRepeat,vim9Comment,vimContinue,vimCtrlChar,vimDef,vimEnvvar,vimFBVar,vimFunc,vimFunction,vimLetHereDoc,vim9LineComment,vimNotation,vimNotFunc,vimNumber,vimOper,vimOperParen,vimRegion,vimRegister,vimSearch,vimSpecFile,vimString,vimSubst
+
+syn region	vimFuncPattern	contained		matchgroup=vimOper start="/" end="$" contains=@vimSubstList
+syn match	vimFunction	"\<fu\%[nction]\>"	skipwhite nextgroup=vimCmdSep,vimComment,vimFuncPattern contains=vimFuncKey
+syn match	vimDef	"\<def\>"		skipwhite nextgroup=vimCmdSep,vimComment,vimFuncPattern contains=vimDefKey
+
+syn match	vimFunction	"\<fu\%[nction]\>!\=\s*\%(<[sS][iI][dD]>\|[sg]:\)\=\%(\i\|[#.]\|{.\{-1,}}\)\+"	contains=@vimFuncList skipwhite nextgroup=vimFuncParams
+syn match	vimDef	"\<def\s\+new\%(\i\|{.\{-1,}}\)\+"				contains=@vimDefList            nextgroup=vimDefParams
+syn match	vimDef	"\<def\>!\=\s*\%(<[sS][iI][dD]>\|[sg]:\)\=\%(\i\|[#.]\|{.\{-1,}}\)\+"		contains=@vimDefList            nextgroup=vimDefParams
+
+syn match	vimFuncComment	contained	+".*+ skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=vimFuncBody,vimEndfunction
+syn match	vimDefComment	contained	"#.*" skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=vimDefBody,vimEnddef
+
+syn match	vimFuncBang	contained	"!"
+syn match	vimFuncSID	contained	"\c<sid>"
+syn match	vimFuncSID	contained	"\<[sg]:"
+syn keyword	vimFuncKey	contained	fu[nction]
+syn keyword	vimDefKey	contained	def
+
+syn region	vimFuncParams	contained	matchgroup=Delimiter start="(" skip=+\n\s*\\\|\n\s*"\\ + end=")" skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=vimFuncBody,vimFuncComment,vimEndfunction,vimFuncMod contains=vimFuncParam,@vimContinue
+syn region	vimDefParams	contained	matchgroup=Delimiter start="("		   end=")" skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=vimDefBody,vimDefComment,vimEnddef,vimReturnType	 contains=vimDefParam,vim9Comment
+syn match	vimFuncParam	contained	"\<\h\w*\>\|\.\.\."	skipwhite nextgroup=vimFuncParamEquals
+syn match	vimDefParam	contained	"\<\h\w*\>"		skipwhite nextgroup=vimParamType,vimFuncParamEquals
+
+syn match	vimFuncParamEquals contained	"="			skipwhite        nextgroup=@vimExprList
+syn match	vimFuncMod	 contained	"\<\%(abort\|closure\|dict\|range\)\>"	skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=vimFuncBody,vimFuncComment,vimEndfunction,vimFuncMod
+
+syn region	vimFuncBody	contained	start="^"	matchgroup=vimCommand end="\<endfu\%[nction]\>"	contains=@vimFuncBodyList
+syn region	vimDefBody	contained	start="^"	matchgroup=vimCommand end="\<enddef\>"	contains=@vimDefBodyList
+
+syn match	vimEndfunction	"\<endf\%[unction]\>"
+syn match	vimEnddef	"\<enddef\>"
 
 if exists("g:vimsyn_folding") && g:vimsyn_folding =~# 'f'
- syn region	vimFuncBody  contained	fold start="\ze\s*("	matchgroup=vimCommand end="\<\(endf\>\|endfu\%[nction]\>\|enddef\>\)"		contains=@vimFuncBodyList
-else
- syn region	vimFuncBody  contained	start="\ze\s*("		matchgroup=vimCommand end="\<\(endf\>\|endfu\%[nction]\>\|enddef\>\)"		contains=@vimFuncBodyList
+ syn region	vimFuncFold	start="\<fu\%[nction]\>!\=\s*\%(<[sS][iI][dD]>\|[sg]:\)\=\%(\i\|[#.]\|{.\{-1,}}\)\+\s*("	end="\<endf\%[unction]\>" contains=vimFunction fold keepend transparent
+ syn region	vimFuncFold	start="\<def\>!\=\s*\%(<[sS][iI][dD]>\|[sg]:\)\=\%(\i\|[#.]\|{.\{-1,}}\)\+("	end="\<enddef\>"	        contains=vimDef      fold keepend transparent
+ syn region	vimFuncFold	start="\<def\s\+new\%(\i\|{.\{-1,}}\)\+("			end="\<enddef\>"	        contains=vimDef      fold keepend transparent
 endif
-syn match	vimFuncVar   contained	"a:\(\K\k*\|\d\+\)"
-syn match	vimFuncSID   contained	"\c<sid>\|\<s:"
-syn keyword	vimFuncKey   contained	fu[nction]
-syn keyword	vimFuncKey   contained	def
+
+syn match	vimFuncVar   contained	"a:\%(\K\k*\|\d\+\)\>"
 syn match	vimFuncBlank contained	"\s\+"
 
 syn keyword	vimPattern   contained	start	skip	end
 
+" Types: {{{2
+" =====
 " vimTypes : new for vim9
-syn match	vimType	":\s*\zs\<\(bool\|number\|float\|string\|blob\|list<\|dict<\|job\|channel\|func\)\>"
+syn region	vimReturnType	contained	start=":\s" end="$" matchgroup=vim9Comment end="\ze#" skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=vimDefBody,vimDefComment,vimEnddef contains=vimTypeSep transparent
+syn match	vimParamType	contained	":\s\+\a"			skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=vimFuncParamEquals   	        contains=vimTypeSep,@vimType
+
+syn match	vimTypeSep	contained	":\s\@=" skipwhite nextgroup=@vimType
+syn keyword	vimType	contained	any blob bool channel float job number string void
+syn match	vimType	contained	"\<func\>"
+syn region	vimCompoundType	contained	matchgroup=vimType start="\<func("            end=")" nextgroup=vimTypeSep contains=@vimType oneline transparent
+syn region	vimCompoundType   contained         matchgroup=vimType start="\<\%(list\|dict\)<" end=">"                      contains=@vimType oneline transparent
+syn match	vimUserType	contained	"\<\u\w*\>"
+
+syn cluster vimType contains=vimType,vimCompoundType,vimUserType
 
 " Keymaps: (Vim Project Addition) {{{2
 " =======
@@ -468,7 +507,7 @@
 syn keyword	vimEchohlNone	contained none
 syn case match
 
-syn cluster	vimEcho	contains=vimEcho.*
+syn cluster	vimEcho	contains=vimEcho,vimEchohl
 
 syn region	vimExecute	matchgroup=vimCommand start="\<exe\%[cute]\>" skip=+\\|\|\n\s*\\\|\n\s*"\\ + matchgroup=vimCmdSep end="|" excludenl end="$" contains=@vimContinue,@vimExprList transparent
 
@@ -552,7 +591,7 @@
 " ====================
 if !exists("g:vimsyn_noerror") && !exists("g:vimsyn_novimfunctionerror")
  " TODO: The new-prefix exception should only apply to constructor definitions.
- syn match	vimFunctionError	"\s\zs\%(new\)\@![a-z0-9]\i\{-}\ze\s*("			contained contains=vimFuncKey,vimFuncBlank
+ syn match	vimFunctionError	"\s\zs\%(new\)\@![a-z0-9]\i\{-}\ze\s*("		contained contains=vimFuncKey,vimFuncBlank
  syn match	vimFunctionError	"\s\zs\%(<[sS][iI][dD]>\|[sSgGbBwWtTlL]:\)\d\i\{-}\ze\s*("	contained contains=vimFuncKey,vimFuncBlank
  syn match	vimElseIfErr	"\<else\s\+if\>"
  syn match	vimBufnrWarn	/\<bufnr\s*(\s*["']\.['"]\s*)/
@@ -983,11 +1022,16 @@
  hi def link vimContinue	Special
  hi def link vimContinueComment	vimComment
  hi def link vimCtrlChar	SpecialChar
+ hi def link vimDefComment	vimComment
+ hi def link vimDefKey	vimCommand
+ hi def link vimDefParam vimVar
  hi def link vimEcho	vimCommand
  hi def link vimEchohlNone	vimGroup
  hi def link vimEchohl	vimCommand
  hi def link vimElseIfErr	Error
  hi def link vimElseif	vimCondHL
+ hi def link vimEndfunction	vimCommand
+ hi def link vimEnddef	vimCommand
  hi def link vimEnvvar	PreProc
  hi def link vimError	Error
  hi def link vimEscape	Special
@@ -998,8 +1042,13 @@
  hi def link vimFor	vimCommand
  hi def link vimFTCmd	vimCommand
  hi def link vimFTOption	vimSynType
+ hi def link vimFuncBang	vimBang
+ hi def link vimFuncComment	vimComment
  hi def link vimFuncKey	vimCommand
  hi def link vimFuncName	Function
+ hi def link vimFuncMod	Special
+ hi def link vimFuncParam	vimVar
+ hi def link vimFuncParamEquals	vimOper
  hi def link vimFuncSID	Special
  hi def link vimFuncVar	Identifier
  hi def link vimGroupAdd	vimSynOption
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_def_00.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_def_00.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4bc8858
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_def_00.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+>"+0#0000e05#ffffff0| |V|i|m| |:|d|e|f| |c|o|m@1|a|n|d| +0#0000000&@56
+@75
+@75
+|"+0#0000e05&| |l|i|s|t| +0#0000000&@68
+@75
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&@71
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&|F|o@1| @67
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&|/+0#af5f00255&|F+0#0000000&|o@1|.|*| @64
+@75
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&||| |e+0#af5f00255&|c|h|o| +0#0000000&|"+0#e000002&|F|o@1|"| +0#0000000&@58
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&|"+0#0000e05&| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t| +0#0000000&@61
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&|F|o@1| ||| |e+0#af5f00255&|c|h|o| +0#0000000&|"+0#e000002&|F|o@1|"| +0#0000000&@54
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&|F|o@1| |"+0#0000e05&| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t| +0#0000000&@57
+@75
+@75
+|"+0#0000e05&| |d|e|f|i|n|i|t|i|o|n| +0#0000000&@62
+@75
+|"+0#0000e05&| |e|m|p|t|y| |d|e|f|i|n|i|t|i|o|n| +0#0000000&@56
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&@65
+@57|1|,|1| @10|T|o|p| 
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_def_01.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_def_01.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7b49de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_def_01.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+| +0&#ffffff0@74
+@75
+|"+0#0000e05&| |d|e|f|i|n|i|t|i|o|n| +0#0000000&@62
+@75
+|"+0#0000e05&| |e|m|p|t|y| |d|e|f|i|n|i|t|i|o|n| +0#0000000&@56
+>d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&@65
+|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d@1|e|f| +0#0000000&@68
+@75
+|#+0#0000e05&| |c|u|r|l|y|-|b|r|a|c|e| |n|a|m|e|s| +0#0000000&@55
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&|{|"|F|"|}|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&@61
+|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d@1|e|f| +0#0000000&@68
+@75
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&|F|{|"|o|"|}|o|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&@61
+|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d@1|e|f| +0#0000000&@68
+@75
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&|F|o|{|"|o|"|}|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&@61
+|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d@1|e|f| +0#0000000&@68
+@75
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&|{|"|F|"|}|o|{|"|o|"|}|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&@57
+@57|1|9|,|1| @9|1|2|%| 
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_def_02.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_def_02.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ebe3c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_def_02.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+|d+0#af5f00255#ffffff0|e|f| +0#0000000&|{|"|F|"|}|o|{|"|o|"|}|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&@57
+|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d@1|e|f| +0#0000000&@68
+@75
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&|{|"|F|"|}|{|"|o|"|}|{|"|o|"|}|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&@53
+|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d@1|e|f| +0#0000000&@68
+> @74
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)|:+0#0000000&| |n+0#00e0003&|u|m|b|e|r| +0#0000000&@57
+@2|r+0#af5f00255&|e|t|u|r|n| +0#0000000&|4+0#e000002&|2| +0#0000000&@63
+|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d@1|e|f| +0#0000000&@68
+@75
+|#+0#0000e05&| |t|r|a|i|l|i|n|g| |w|h|i|t|e|s|p|a|c|e| +0#0000000&@53
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)|:+0#0000000&| |n+0#00e0003&|u|m|b|e|r| +0#0000000&@57
+@2|r+0#af5f00255&|e|t|u|r|n| +0#0000000&|4+0#e000002&|2| +0#0000000&@63
+|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d@1|e|f| +0#0000000&@68
+@75
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&|#+0#0000e05&| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t| +0#0000000&@55
+|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d@1|e|f| +0#0000000&@68
+@75
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)|:+0#0000000&| |n+0#00e0003&|u|m|b|e|r| +0#0000000&|#+0#0000e05&| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t| +0#0000000&@47
+@57|3|7|,|0|-|1| @7|2|9|%| 
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_def_03.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_def_03.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50fed41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_def_03.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+|d+0#af5f00255#ffffff0|e|f| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)|:+0#0000000&| |n+0#00e0003&|u|m|b|e|r| +0#0000000&|#+0#0000e05&| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t| +0#0000000&@47
+@2|r+0#af5f00255&|e|t|u|r|n| +0#0000000&|4+0#e000002&|2| +0#0000000&@63
+|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d@1|e|f| +0#0000000&@68
+@75
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f|!| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)|:+0#0000000&| |n+0#00e0003&|u|m|b|e|r| +0#0000000&@56
+@2>r+0#af5f00255&|e|t|u|r|n| +0#0000000&|4+0#e000002&|2| +0#0000000&@63
+|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d@1|e|f| +0#0000000&@68
+@75
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&|g+0#e000e06&|:|F+0#0000000&|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)|:+0#0000000&| |n+0#00e0003&|u|m|b|e|r| +0#0000000&@55
+@2|r+0#af5f00255&|e|t|u|r|n| +0#0000000&|4+0#e000002&|2| +0#0000000&@63
+|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d@1|e|f| +0#0000000&@68
+@75
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&|s+0#e000e06&|:|F+0#0000000&|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)|:+0#0000000&| |n+0#00e0003&|u|m|b|e|r| +0#0000000&@55
+@2|r+0#af5f00255&|e|t|u|r|n| +0#0000000&|4+0#e000002&|2| +0#0000000&@63
+|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d@1|e|f| +0#0000000&@68
+@75
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&|<+0#e000e06&|S|I|D|>|F+0#0000000&|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)|:+0#0000000&| |n+0#00e0003&|u|m|b|e|r| +0#0000000&@52
+@2|r+0#af5f00255&|e|t|u|r|n| +0#0000000&|4+0#e000002&|2| +0#0000000&@63
+|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d@1|e|f| +0#0000000&@68
+@57|5@1|,|3| @9|4|6|%| 
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_def_04.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_def_04.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64141b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_def_04.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+|e+0#af5f00255#ffffff0|n|d@1|e|f| +0#0000000&@68
+@75
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&|f|o@1|#|b|a|r|#|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)|:+0#0000000&| |n+0#00e0003&|u|m|b|e|r| +0#0000000&@49
+@2|r+0#af5f00255&|e|t|u|r|n| +0#0000000&|4+0#e000002&|2| +0#0000000&@63
+|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d@1|e|f| +0#0000000&@68
+> @74
+|"+0#0000e05&| |s|a|m|e| |n|a|m|e| |a|s| |a|n| |E|x| |c|o|m@1|a|n|d| +0#0000000&@46
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&|s+0#e000e06&|:|l+0#0000000&|s|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&@64
+|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d@1|e|f| +0#0000000&@68
+@75
+@75
+|"+0#0000e05&| |r|e|t|u|r|n| |t|y|p|e|s| +0#0000000&@60
+@75
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)|:+0#0000000&| |v+0#00e0003&|o|i|d| +0#0000000&@59
+|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d@1|e|f| +0#0000000&@68
+@75
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new file mode 100644
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new file mode 100644
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new file mode 100644
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new file mode 100644
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1803d5
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9668cd
--- /dev/null
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new file mode 100644
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new file mode 100644
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new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_def_fold_06.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_def_fold_06.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c93c671
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_def_fold_99.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_def_fold_99.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b4fce2
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diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_00.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_00.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c67fd8
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diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_01.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_01.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e169ef
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_02.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_02.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6a5eff
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diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_03.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_03.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af74e02
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diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_04.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_04.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a862ede
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10b56cc
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new file mode 100644
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new file mode 100644
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new file mode 100644
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new file mode 100644
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new file mode 100644
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new file mode 100644
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new file mode 100644
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new file mode 100644
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+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|3| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|)| |d|i|c|t|-@41
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@56|7|3|,|1| @9|4|1|%| 
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_fold_05.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_fold_05.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2acafc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_fold_05.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+| +0&#ffffff0@74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|2| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|)| |r|a|n|g|e| |"| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t|-@30
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|3| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|)| |r|a|n|g|e|-@40
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+>++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|3| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|)| |a|b|o|r|t|-@40
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|3| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|)| |d|i|c|t|-@41
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|3| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|)| |c|l|o|s|u|r|e|-@38
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|3| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|)| |r|a|n|g|e| |a|b|o|r|t| |d|i|c|t| |c|l|o|s|u|r|e|-@21
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|3| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n|!| |F|o@1|(|)| |r|a|n|g|e|-@39
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|3| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n|!| |F|o@1|(|)| |a|b|o|r|t|-@39
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|3| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n|!| |F|o@1|(|)| |d|i|c|t|-@40
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+@57|9|1|,|1| @9|5|4|%| 
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_fold_06.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_fold_06.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..354af8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_fold_06.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+| +0&#ffffff0@74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|3| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|)| |r|a|n|g|e| |a|b|o|r|t| |d|i|c|t| |c|l|o|s|u|r|e|-@21
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|3| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n|!| |F|o@1|(|)| |r|a|n|g|e|-@39
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+>++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|3| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n|!| |F|o@1|(|)| |a|b|o|r|t|-@39
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|3| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n|!| |F|o@1|(|)| |d|i|c|t|-@40
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|3| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n|!| |F|o@1|(|)| |c|l|o|s|u|r|e|-@37
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|3| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n|!| |F|o@1|(|)| |r|a|n|g|e| |a|b|o|r|t| |d|i|c|t| |c|l|o|s|u|r|e|-@20
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+@75
+|"+0#0000e05&| |:|e|n|d|f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |t|r|a|i|l|i|n|g| +0#0000000&@51
+@75
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|4| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|)|-@46
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|3| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|)|-@46
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@56|1|0|9|,|1| @8|6|7|%| 
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_fold_07.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_fold_07.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc403c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_fold_07.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+| +0&#ffffff0@74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|3| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n|!| |F|o@1|(|)| |r|a|n|g|e| |a|b|o|r|t| |d|i|c|t| |c|l|o|s|u|r|e|-@20
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+@75
+|"+0#0000e05&| |:|e|n|d|f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |t|r|a|i|l|i|n|g| +0#0000000&@51
+> @74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|4| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|)|-@46
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|3| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|)|-@46
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|3| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|)|-@46
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+@75
+|"+0#0000e05&| |p|a|r|a|m|e|t|e|r|s| +0#0000000&@62
+@75
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|3| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|x|,| |y|,| |z|,| |.@2|)|-@34
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|7| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|-@47
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+@57|1|2|7|,|0|-|1| @6|8|0|%| 
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_fold_08.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_fold_08.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d519d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_fold_08.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|3| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|)|-@46
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+@75
+|"+0#0000e05&| |p|a|r|a|m|e|t|e|r|s| +0#0000000&@62
+@75
+>++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|3| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|x|,| |y|,| |z|,| |.@2|)|-@34
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|7| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|-@47
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|3| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|x|,| |y| |=| |4|2|,| |z| |=| |"|z|e|d|"|)|-@26
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|6| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|-@47
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+@75
+|"+0#0000e05&| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t|s| +0#0000000&@64
+@75
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|5| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|)|-@46
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+@75
+@57|1|4|5|,|3|-|1| @6|9|5|%| 
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_fold_09.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_fold_09.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ecc529
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_fold_09.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+| +0&#ffffff0@74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|7| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|-@47
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|3| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|x|,| |y| |=| |4|2|,| |z| |=| |"|z|e|d|"|)|-@26
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+>++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|6| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|-@47
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+@75
+|"+0#0000e05&| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t|s| +0#0000000&@64
+@75
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|5| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|)|-@46
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+@75
+|"+0#0000e05&| |d|e|l|e|t|e| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| +0#0000000&@57
+@75
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|l|f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| +0#0000000&|F|o@1| @59
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|l|f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| +0#0000000&|f|o@1|.+0#af5f00255&|b+0#0000000&|a|r| @55
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|l|f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n|!| +0#0000000&|F|o@1| @58
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|l|f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| +0#0000000&|f|o@1|.+0#af5f00255&|b+0#0000000&|a|r| @55
+@57|1|6|3|,|7|-|1| @6|9@1|%| 
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_fold_99.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_fold_99.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6770ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_function_fold_99.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|7| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|-@47
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|3| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|x|,| |y| |=| |4|2|,| |z| |=| |"|z|e|d|"|)|-@26
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|6| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|-@47
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+@75
+|"+0#0000e05&| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t|s| +0#0000000&@64
+@75
+|++0#0000e05#a8a8a8255|-@1| @1|5| |l|i|n|e|s|:| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| |F|o@1|(|)|-@46
+| +0#0000000#ffffff0@74
+@75
+|"+0#0000e05&| |d|e|l|e|t|e| |f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| +0#0000000&@57
+@75
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|l|f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| +0#0000000&|F|o@1| @59
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|l|f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| +0#0000000&|f|o@1|.+0#af5f00255&|b+0#0000000&|a|r| @55
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|l|f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n|!| +0#0000000&|F|o@1| @58
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|l|f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| +0#0000000&|f|o@1|.+0#af5f00255&|b+0#0000000&|a|r| @55
+> @74
+@57|1|8|3|,|0|-|1| @6|B|o|t| 
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_syntax_09.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_syntax_09.dump
index 81c3c890..ade5bd5 100644
--- a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_syntax_09.dump
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_syntax_09.dump
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@
 |"+0#0000e05&| +0#0000000&|E+0#e000e06&|x|a|m|p|l|e|:| +0#0000e05&|r|u|n|t|i|m|e|/|s|y|n|t|a|x|/|z|s|h|.|v|i|m| +0#0000000&@41
 |"+0#0000e05&| @2|"+0#e000002&|c|l|u|s|t|e|r|"| +0#0000e05&|s|h|o|u|l|d| |n|o|t| |b|e| |h|i|g|h|l|i|g|h|t|e|d| |o|u|t|s|i|d|e| |o|f| |:|s|y|n|t|a|x| |c|o|m@1|a|n|d|s| +0#0000000&@7
 @75
-|f+0#af5f00255&|u|n|c|t|i|o|n|!+0#0000000&| |s+0#e000e06&|:|C+0#0000000&|o|n|t|a|i|n|e|d|G|r|o|u|p|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&@46
+|f+0#af5f00255&|u|n|c|t|i|o|n|!| +0#0000000&|s+0#e000e06&|:|C+0#0000000&|o|n|t|a|i|n|e|d|G|r|o|u|p|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&@46
 | +0#0000e05&@1|"| |.@2| +0#0000000&@67
-@2|f+0#af5f00255&|o|r| +0#0000000&|c|l|u|s|t|e|r| |i+0#af5f00255&|n| +0#0000000&|[|'+0#e000002&|m|a|r|k|d|o|w|n|H|i|g|h|l|i|g|h|t|_|z|s|h|'|,+0#0000000&| |'+0#e000002&|z|s|h|'|]+0#0000000&| @25
+@2|f+0#af5f00255&|o|r| +0#0000000&|c+0#00e0e07&|l|u|s|t|e|r| +0#0000000&|i+0#af5f00255&|n| +0#0000000&|[|'+0#e000002&|m|a|r|k|d|o|w|n|H|i|g|h|l|i|g|h|t|_|z|s|h|'|,+0#0000000&| |'+0#e000002&|z|s|h|'|]+0#0000000&| @25
 | +0#0000e05&@3|"| |.@2| +0#0000000&@65
 @2|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d|f|o|r| +0#0000000&@66
 | +0#0000e05&@1|"| |.@2| +0#0000000&@67
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_syntax_99.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_syntax_99.dump
index 25912df..c1942c8 100644
--- a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_syntax_99.dump
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_syntax_99.dump
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@
 |"+0#0000e05&| +0#0000000&|E+0#e000e06&|x|a|m|p|l|e|:| +0#0000e05&|r|u|n|t|i|m|e|/|s|y|n|t|a|x|/|z|s|h|.|v|i|m| +0#0000000&@41
 |"+0#0000e05&| @2|"+0#e000002&|c|l|u|s|t|e|r|"| +0#0000e05&|s|h|o|u|l|d| |n|o|t| |b|e| |h|i|g|h|l|i|g|h|t|e|d| |o|u|t|s|i|d|e| |o|f| |:|s|y|n|t|a|x| |c|o|m@1|a|n|d|s| +0#0000000&@7
 @75
-|f+0#af5f00255&|u|n|c|t|i|o|n|!+0#0000000&| |s+0#e000e06&|:|C+0#0000000&|o|n|t|a|i|n|e|d|G|r|o|u|p|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&@46
+|f+0#af5f00255&|u|n|c|t|i|o|n|!| +0#0000000&|s+0#e000e06&|:|C+0#0000000&|o|n|t|a|i|n|e|d|G|r|o|u|p|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&@46
 | +0#0000e05&@1|"| |.@2| +0#0000000&@67
-@2|f+0#af5f00255&|o|r| +0#0000000&|c|l|u|s|t|e|r| |i+0#af5f00255&|n| +0#0000000&|[|'+0#e000002&|m|a|r|k|d|o|w|n|H|i|g|h|l|i|g|h|t|_|z|s|h|'|,+0#0000000&| |'+0#e000002&|z|s|h|'|]+0#0000000&| @25
+@2|f+0#af5f00255&|o|r| +0#0000000&|c+0#00e0e07&|l|u|s|t|e|r| +0#0000000&|i+0#af5f00255&|n| +0#0000000&|[|'+0#e000002&|m|a|r|k|d|o|w|n|H|i|g|h|l|i|g|h|t|_|z|s|h|'|,+0#0000000&| |'+0#e000002&|z|s|h|'|]+0#0000000&| @25
 | +0#0000e05&@3|"| |.@2| +0#0000000&@65
 @2|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d|f|o|r| +0#0000000&@66
 | +0#0000e05&@1|"| |.@2| +0#0000000&@67
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_ex_def.vim b/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_ex_def.vim
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd4ecd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_ex_def.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+" Vim :def command
+
+
+" list
+
+def
+def Foo
+def /Foo.*
+
+def | echo "Foo"
+def " comment
+def Foo | echo "Foo"
+def Foo " comment
+
+
+" definition
+
+" empty definition
+def Foo()
+enddef
+
+# curly-brace names
+def {"F"}oo()
+enddef
+
+def F{"o"}o()
+enddef
+
+def Fo{"o"}()
+enddef
+
+def {"F"}o{"o"}()
+enddef
+
+def {"F"}{"o"}{"o"}()
+enddef
+
+def Foo(): number
+  return 42
+enddef
+
+# trailing whitespace
+def Foo(): number  
+  return 42
+enddef
+
+def Foo() # comment
+enddef
+
+def Foo(): number # comment
+  return 42
+enddef
+
+def! Foo(): number
+  return 42
+enddef
+
+def g:Foo(): number
+  return 42
+enddef
+
+def s:Foo(): number
+  return 42
+enddef
+
+def <SID>Foo(): number
+  return 42
+enddef
+
+def foo#bar#Foo(): number
+  return 42
+enddef
+
+" same name as an Ex command
+def s:ls()
+enddef
+
+
+" return types
+
+def Foo(): void
+enddef
+
+def Foo(): void # comment
+enddef
+
+def Foo(): list<dict<number>>
+enddef
+
+def Foo(): func(dict<list<number>>, func, bool, func(number, list<number>)): bool
+enddef
+
+
+" :enddef trailing
+
+def Foo()
+  # trailing whitespace
+enddef  
+
+def Foo()
+enddef | echo "Foo"
+
+def Foo()
+enddef " comment
+
+
+" parameters
+
+def Foo(x: bool, y = 42, z: string = "zed")
+enddef
+
+def Foo(
+    x: bool,
+    y = 42,
+    z: string = "zed")
+enddef
+
+
+" comments
+
+def Foo()
+  # Vim9-script comment
+  "useless string"
+enddef
+
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_ex_def_fold.vim b/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_ex_def_fold.vim
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ab3e3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_ex_def_fold.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+" Vim :def command
+" VIM_TEST_SETUP let g:vimsyn_folding = "f" | set fdm=syntax
+
+
+" list
+
+def
+def Foo
+def /Foo.*
+
+def | echo "Foo"
+def " comment
+def Foo | echo "Foo"
+def Foo " comment
+
+
+" definition
+
+" empty definition
+def Foo()
+enddef
+
+# curly-brace names
+def {"F"}oo()
+enddef
+
+def F{"o"}o()
+enddef
+
+def Fo{"o"}()
+enddef
+
+def {"F"}o{"o"}()
+enddef
+
+def {"F"}{"o"}{"o"}()
+enddef
+
+def Foo(): number
+  return 42
+enddef
+
+# trailing whitespace
+def Foo(): number  
+  return 42
+enddef
+
+def Foo() # comment
+enddef
+
+def Foo(): number # comment
+  return 42
+enddef
+
+def! Foo(): number
+  return 42
+enddef
+
+def g:Foo(): number
+  return 42
+enddef
+
+def s:Foo(): number
+  return 42
+enddef
+
+def <SID>Foo(): number
+  return 42
+enddef
+
+def foo#bar#Foo(): number
+  return 42
+enddef
+
+" same name as an Ex command
+def s:ls()
+enddef
+
+
+" return types
+
+def Foo(): void
+enddef
+
+def Foo(): void # comment
+enddef
+
+def Foo(): list<dict<number>>
+enddef
+
+def Foo(): func(dict<list<number>>, func, bool, func(number, list<number>)): bool
+enddef
+
+
+" :enddef trailing
+
+def Foo()
+  # trailing whitespace
+enddef  
+
+def Foo()
+enddef | echo "Foo"
+
+def Foo()
+enddef " comment
+
+
+" parameters
+
+def Foo(x: bool, y = 42, z: string = "zed")
+enddef
+
+def Foo(
+    x: bool,
+    y = 42,
+    z: string = "zed")
+enddef
+
+
+" comments
+
+def Foo()
+  # Vim9-script comment
+  "useless string"
+enddef
+
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_ex_function.vim b/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_ex_function.vim
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38213b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_ex_function.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+" Vim :function command
+
+
+" list
+
+function
+function Foo
+function /Foo.*
+
+function | echo "Foo"
+function " comment
+function Foo | echo "Foo"
+function Foo " comment
+
+
+" definition
+
+" empty definition
+function Foo()
+endfunction
+
+" curly-brace names
+function {"F"}oo()
+endfunction
+
+function F{"o"}o()
+endfunction
+
+function Fo{"o"}()
+endfunction
+
+function {"F"}o{"o"}()
+endfunction
+
+function {"F"}{"o"}{"o"}()
+endfunction
+
+function Foo()
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+" trailing whitespace
+function Foo()  
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function Foo() " comment
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function! Foo()
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function g:Foo()
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function s:Foo()
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function <SID>Foo()
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function foo#bar#Foo()
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+" same name as an Ex command
+function s:ls()
+endfunction
+
+
+" modifiers
+
+function Foo() range
+endfunction
+
+function Foo() range " comment
+endfunction
+
+function Foo() range
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function Foo() abort
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function Foo() dict
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function Foo() closure
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function Foo() range abort dict closure
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function! Foo() range
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function! Foo() abort
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function! Foo() dict
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function! Foo() closure
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function! Foo() range abort dict closure
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+
+" :endfunction trailing
+
+function Foo()
+  return 42
+  " trailing whitespace
+endfunction  
+
+function Foo()
+  return 42
+endfunction | echo "Foo"
+
+function Foo()
+  return 42
+endfunction " comment
+
+
+" parameters
+
+function Foo(x, y, z, ...)
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function Foo(
+      \ x,
+      \ y,
+      \ z,
+      \ ...)
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function Foo(x, y = 42, z = "zed")
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function Foo(
+      \ x,
+      \ y = 42,
+      \ z = "zed")
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+
+" comments
+
+function Foo()
+  " Legacy-script comment
+  # 42 " comment
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+
+" delete function
+
+delfunction Foo
+delfunction foo.bar
+delfunction! Foo
+delfunction foo.bar
+
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_ex_function_fold.vim b/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_ex_function_fold.vim
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9d9bee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_ex_function_fold.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+" Vim :function command
+" VIM_TEST_SETUP let g:vimsyn_folding = "f" | set fdm=syntax
+
+
+" list
+
+function
+function Foo
+function /Foo.*
+
+function | echo "Foo"
+function " comment
+function Foo | echo "Foo"
+function Foo " comment
+
+
+" definition
+
+" empty definition
+function Foo()
+endfunction
+
+" curly-brace names
+function {"F"}oo()
+endfunction
+
+function F{"o"}o()
+endfunction
+
+function Fo{"o"}()
+endfunction
+
+function {"F"}o{"o"}()
+endfunction
+
+function {"F"}{"o"}{"o"}()
+endfunction
+
+function Foo()
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+" trailing whitespace
+function Foo()  
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function Foo() " comment
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function! Foo()
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function g:Foo()
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function s:Foo()
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function <SID>Foo()
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function foo#bar#Foo()
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+" same name as an Ex command
+function s:ls()
+endfunction
+
+
+" modifiers
+
+function Foo() range
+endfunction
+
+function Foo() range " comment
+endfunction
+
+function Foo() range
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function Foo() abort
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function Foo() dict
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function Foo() closure
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function Foo() range abort dict closure
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function! Foo() range
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function! Foo() abort
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function! Foo() dict
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function! Foo() closure
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function! Foo() range abort dict closure
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+
+" :endfunction trailing
+
+function Foo()
+  return 42
+  " trailing whitespace
+endfunction  
+
+function Foo()
+  return 42
+endfunction | echo "Foo"
+
+function Foo()
+  return 42
+endfunction " comment
+
+
+" parameters
+
+function Foo(x, y, z, ...)
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function Foo(
+      \ x,
+      \ y,
+      \ z,
+      \ ...)
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function Foo(x, y = 42, z = "zed")
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+function Foo(
+      \ x,
+      \ y = 42,
+      \ z = "zed")
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+
+" comments
+
+function Foo()
+  " Legacy-script comment
+  # 42 " comment
+  return 42
+endfunction
+
+
+" delete function
+
+delfunction Foo
+delfunction foo.bar
+delfunction! Foo
+delfunction foo.bar
+
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/vim.vim b/runtime/syntax/vim.vim
index db15df6..9bc2ce9 100644
--- a/runtime/syntax/vim.vim
+++ b/runtime/syntax/vim.vim
@@ -29,12 +29,11 @@
 " regular vim commands {{{2
 " GEN_SYN_VIM: vimCommand normal, START_STR='syn keyword vimCommand contained', END_STR=''
 syn keyword vimCommand contained abc[lear] abo[veleft] abs[tract] al[l] ar[gs] arga[dd] argd[elete] argdo argded[upe] arge[dit] argg[lobal] argl[ocal] argu[ment] as[cii] b[uffer] bN[ext] ba[ll] bad[d] balt bd[elete] bel[owright] bf[irst] bl[ast] bm[odified] bn[ext] bo[tright] bp[revious] br[ewind] brea[k] breaka[dd] breakd[el] breakl[ist] bro[wse] buffers bufd[o] bun[load] bw[ipeout] c[hange] cN[ext] cNf[ile] cabc[lear] cabo[ve] cad[dbuffer] cadde[xpr] caddf[ile] caf[ter] cal[l] cat[ch] cb[uffer] cbe[fore] cbel[ow] cbo[ttom] cc ccl[ose] cd cdo ce[nter] cex[pr] cf[ile] cfd[o] cfir[st] cg[etfile] cgetb[uffer] cgete[xpr] chd[ir] changes che[ckpath] checkt[ime] chi[story] cl[ist] cla[st] class clo[se] cle[arjumps] cn[ext] cnew[er] cnf[ile] co[py] col[der] colo[rscheme]
-syn keyword vimCommand contained com[mand] comc[lear] comp[iler] con[tinue] conf[irm] cons[t] cope[n] cp[revious] cpf[ile] cq[uit] cr[ewind] cs[cope] cst[ag] cw[indow] d[elete] delm[arks] deb[ug] debugg[reedy] def defc[ompile] defe[r] delc[ommand] delf[unction] di[splay] dif[fupdate] diffg[et] diffo[ff] diffp[atch] diffpu[t] diffs[plit] difft[his] dig[raphs] disa[ssemble] dj[ump] dli[st] dr[op] ds[earch] dsp[lit] e[dit] ea[rlier] el[se] elsei[f] em[enu] en[dif] endin[terface] endc[lass] endd[ef] ende[num] endf[unction] endfo[r] endt[ry] endw[hile] ene[w] enu[m] ev[al] ex exi[t] exp[ort] exu[sage] f[ile] files filet[ype] filt[er] fin[d] fina[l] finall[y] fini[sh] fir[st] fix[del] fo[ld] foldc[lose] foldd[oopen] folddoc[losed] foldo[pen] for fu[nction] g[lobal]
-syn keyword vimCommand contained go[to] gr[ep] grepa[dd] gu[i] gv[im] h[elp] helpc[lose] helpf[ind] helpg[rep] helpt[ags] ha[rdcopy] hi[ghlight] hid[e] his[tory] ho[rizontal] iabc[lear] if ij[ump] il[ist] imp[ort] int[ro] inte[rface] is[earch] isp[lit] j[oin] ju[mps] k kee[pmarks] keepj[umps] keepp[atterns] keepa[lt] l[ist] lN[ext] lNf[ile] la[st] lab[ove] lan[guage] lad[dexpr] laddb[uffer] laddf[ile] laf[ter] lat[er] lb[uffer] lbe[fore] lbel[ow] lbo[ttom] lc[d] lch[dir] lcl[ose] lcs[cope] ld[o] le[ft] lefta[bove] let lex[pr] leg[acy] lf[ile] lfd[o] lfir[st] lg[etfile] lgetb[uffer] lgete[xpr] lgr[ep] lgrepa[dd] lh[elpgrep] lhi[story] ll lla[st] lli[st] lmak[e] lne[xt] lnew[er] lnf[ile] lo[adview] loadk[eymap] loc[kmarks] lockv[ar] lol[der] lop[en] lp[revious]
-syn keyword vimCommand contained lpf[ile] lr[ewind] lt[ag] lua luad[o] luaf[ile] lv[imgrep] lvimgrepa[dd] lw[indow] ls m[ove] ma[rk] mak[e] marks mat[ch] menut[ranslate] mes[sages] mk[exrc] mks[ession] mksp[ell] mkv[imrc] mkvie[w] mod[e] mz[scheme] mzf[ile] n[ext] nb[key] nbc[lose] nbs[tart] noa[utocmd] noh[lsearch] nos[wapfile] nu[mber] o[pen] ol[dfiles] on[ly] opt[ions] ow[nsyntax] p[rint] pa[ckadd] packl[oadall] pc[lose] pe[rl] perld[o] ped[it] po[p] pp[op] pre[serve] prev[ious] pro[mptfind] promptr[epl] prof[ile] profd[el] ps[earch] pt[ag] ptN[ext] ptf[irst] ptj[ump] ptl[ast] ptn[ext] ptp[revious] ptr[ewind] pts[elect] pu[t] pub[lic] pw[d] py[thon] pyd[o] pyf[ile] py3 py3d[o] python3 py3f[ile] pyx pyxd[o] pythonx pyxf[ile] q[uit] quita[ll] qa[ll] r[ead] rec[over]
-syn keyword vimCommand contained red[o] redi[r] redr[aw] redraws[tatus] redrawt[abline] reg[isters] res[ize] ret[ab] retu[rn] rew[ind] ri[ght] rightb[elow] ru[ntime] rub[y] rubyd[o] rubyf[ile] rund[o] rv[iminfo] sN[ext] sa[rgument] sal[l] san[dbox] sav[eas] sb[uffer] sbN[ext] sba[ll] sbf[irst] sbl[ast] sbm[odified] sbn[ext] sbp[revious] sbr[ewind] sc[riptnames] scripte[ncoding] scriptv[ersion] scs[cope] setf[iletype] sf[ind] sfir[st] sh[ell] si[malt] sig[n] sil[ent] sl[eep] sla[st] sn[ext] so[urce] sor[t] sp[lit] spe[llgood] spelld[ump] spelli[nfo] spellr[epall] spellra[re] spellu[ndo] spellw[rong] spr[evious] sr[ewind] st[op] sta[g] star[tinsert] startg[replace] startr[eplace] stat[ic] stopi[nsert] stj[ump] sts[elect] sun[hide] sus[pend] sv[iew] sw[apname] synti[me]
-syn keyword vimCommand contained sync[bind] smi[le] t tN[ext] ta[g] tags tab tabc[lose] tabd[o] tabe[dit] tabf[ind] tabfir[st] tabm[ove] tabl[ast] tabn[ext] tabnew tabo[nly] tabp[revious] tabN[ext] tabr[ewind] tabs tc[d] tch[dir] tcl tcld[o] tclf[ile] te[aroff] ter[minal] tf[irst] th[row] thi[s] tj[ump] tl[ast] tn[ext] to[pleft] tp[revious] tr[ewind] try ts[elect] ty[pe] u[ndo] undoj[oin] undol[ist] unh[ide] unl[et] unlo[ckvar] uns[ilent] up[date] v[global] ve[rsion] verb[ose] vert[ical] vi[sual] vie[w] vim[grep] vimgrepa[dd] vim9[cmd] vim9s[cript] viu[sage] vne[w] vs[plit] w[rite] wN[ext] wa[ll] wh[ile] wi[nsize] winc[md] wind[o] winp[os] wn[ext] wp[revious] wq wqa[ll] wu[ndo] wv[iminfo] x[it] xa[ll] xr[estore] y[ank] z dl dell delel deletl deletel dp dep delp
-syn keyword vimCommand contained delep deletp deletep a i
+syn keyword vimCommand contained com[mand] comc[lear] comp[iler] con[tinue] conf[irm] cons[t] cope[n] cp[revious] cpf[ile] cq[uit] cr[ewind] cs[cope] cst[ag] cw[indow] d[elete] delm[arks] deb[ug] debugg[reedy] defc[ompile] defe[r] delc[ommand] delf[unction] di[splay] dif[fupdate] diffg[et] diffo[ff] diffp[atch] diffpu[t] diffs[plit] difft[his] dig[raphs] disa[ssemble] dj[ump] dli[st] dr[op] ds[earch] dsp[lit] e[dit] ea[rlier] el[se] elsei[f] em[enu] en[dif] endin[terface] endc[lass] ende[num] endfo[r] endt[ry] endw[hile] ene[w] enu[m] ev[al] ex exi[t] exp[ort] exu[sage] f[ile] files filet[ype] filt[er] fin[d] fina[l] finall[y] fini[sh] fir[st] fix[del] fo[ld] foldc[lose] foldd[oopen] folddoc[losed] foldo[pen] for g[lobal] go[to] gr[ep] grepa[dd] gu[i] gv[im] h[elp]
+syn keyword vimCommand contained helpc[lose] helpf[ind] helpg[rep] helpt[ags] ha[rdcopy] hi[ghlight] hid[e] his[tory] ho[rizontal] iabc[lear] if ij[ump] il[ist] imp[ort] int[ro] inte[rface] is[earch] isp[lit] j[oin] ju[mps] k kee[pmarks] keepj[umps] keepp[atterns] keepa[lt] l[ist] lN[ext] lNf[ile] la[st] lab[ove] lan[guage] lad[dexpr] laddb[uffer] laddf[ile] laf[ter] lat[er] lb[uffer] lbe[fore] lbel[ow] lbo[ttom] lc[d] lch[dir] lcl[ose] lcs[cope] ld[o] le[ft] lefta[bove] let lex[pr] leg[acy] lf[ile] lfd[o] lfir[st] lg[etfile] lgetb[uffer] lgete[xpr] lgr[ep] lgrepa[dd] lh[elpgrep] lhi[story] ll lla[st] lli[st] lmak[e] lne[xt] lnew[er] lnf[ile] lo[adview] loadk[eymap] loc[kmarks] lockv[ar] lol[der] lop[en] lp[revious] lpf[ile] lr[ewind] lt[ag] lua luad[o] luaf[ile]
+syn keyword vimCommand contained lv[imgrep] lvimgrepa[dd] lw[indow] ls m[ove] ma[rk] mak[e] marks mat[ch] menut[ranslate] mes[sages] mk[exrc] mks[ession] mksp[ell] mkv[imrc] mkvie[w] mod[e] mz[scheme] mzf[ile] n[ext] nb[key] nbc[lose] nbs[tart] noa[utocmd] noh[lsearch] nos[wapfile] nu[mber] o[pen] ol[dfiles] on[ly] opt[ions] ow[nsyntax] p[rint] pa[ckadd] packl[oadall] pc[lose] pe[rl] perld[o] ped[it] po[p] pp[op] pre[serve] prev[ious] pro[mptfind] promptr[epl] prof[ile] profd[el] ps[earch] pt[ag] ptN[ext] ptf[irst] ptj[ump] ptl[ast] ptn[ext] ptp[revious] ptr[ewind] pts[elect] pu[t] pub[lic] pw[d] py[thon] pyd[o] pyf[ile] py3 py3d[o] python3 py3f[ile] pyx pyxd[o] pythonx pyxf[ile] q[uit] quita[ll] qa[ll] r[ead] rec[over] red[o] redi[r] redr[aw] redraws[tatus] redrawt[abline]
+syn keyword vimCommand contained reg[isters] res[ize] ret[ab] retu[rn] rew[ind] ri[ght] rightb[elow] ru[ntime] rub[y] rubyd[o] rubyf[ile] rund[o] rv[iminfo] sN[ext] sa[rgument] sal[l] san[dbox] sav[eas] sb[uffer] sbN[ext] sba[ll] sbf[irst] sbl[ast] sbm[odified] sbn[ext] sbp[revious] sbr[ewind] sc[riptnames] scripte[ncoding] scriptv[ersion] scs[cope] setf[iletype] sf[ind] sfir[st] sh[ell] si[malt] sig[n] sil[ent] sl[eep] sla[st] sn[ext] so[urce] sor[t] sp[lit] spe[llgood] spelld[ump] spelli[nfo] spellr[epall] spellra[re] spellu[ndo] spellw[rong] spr[evious] sr[ewind] st[op] sta[g] star[tinsert] startg[replace] startr[eplace] stat[ic] stopi[nsert] stj[ump] sts[elect] sun[hide] sus[pend] sv[iew] sw[apname] synti[me] sync[bind] smi[le] t tN[ext] ta[g] tags tab tabc[lose]
+syn keyword vimCommand contained tabd[o] tabe[dit] tabf[ind] tabfir[st] tabm[ove] tabl[ast] tabn[ext] tabnew tabo[nly] tabp[revious] tabN[ext] tabr[ewind] tabs tc[d] tch[dir] tcl tcld[o] tclf[ile] te[aroff] ter[minal] tf[irst] th[row] thi[s] tj[ump] tl[ast] tn[ext] to[pleft] tp[revious] tr[ewind] try ts[elect] ty[pe] u[ndo] undoj[oin] undol[ist] unh[ide] unl[et] unlo[ckvar] uns[ilent] up[date] v[global] ve[rsion] verb[ose] vert[ical] vi[sual] vie[w] vim[grep] vimgrepa[dd] vim9[cmd] vim9s[cript] viu[sage] vne[w] vs[plit] w[rite] wN[ext] wa[ll] wh[ile] wi[nsize] winc[md] wind[o] winp[os] wn[ext] wp[revious] wq wqa[ll] wu[ndo] wv[iminfo] x[it] xa[ll] xr[estore] y[ank] z dl dell delel deletl deletel dp dep delp delep deletp deletep a i
 
 syn keyword vimCommand contained	2mat[ch] 3mat[ch]
 
@@ -205,7 +204,7 @@
 syn case match
 
 " All vimCommands are contained by vimIsCommand. {{{2
-syn cluster vimCmdList	contains=vimAbb,vimAddress,vimAutoCmd,vimAugroup,vimBehave,@vimEcho,vimExecute,vimIsCommand,vimExtCmd,vimFunction,vimGlobal,vimHighlight,vimLet,vimMap,vimMark,vimNotFunc,vimNorm,vimSet,vimSyntax,vimUnlet,vimUnmap,vimUserCmd,vimMenu,vimMenutranslate
+syn cluster vimCmdList	contains=vimAbb,vimAddress,vimAutoCmd,vimAugroup,vimBehave,vimDef,@vimEcho,vimEnddef,vimEndfunction,vimExecute,vimIsCommand,vimExtCmd,vimFor,vimFunction,vimGlobal,vimHighlight,vimLet,vimMap,vimMark,vimNotFunc,vimNorm,vimSet,vimSyntax,vimUnlet,vimUnmap,vimUserCmd,vimMenu,vimMenutranslate
 syn match vimCmdSep	"[:|]\+"	skipwhite nextgroup=@vimCmdList,vimSubst1
 syn match vimIsCommand	"\<\%(\h\w*\|[23]mat\%[ch]\)\>"	contains=vimCommand
 syn match vimVar	      contained	"\<\h[a-zA-Z0-9#_]*\>"
@@ -265,7 +264,7 @@
 
 " Operators: {{{2
 " =========
-syn cluster	vimOperGroup	contains=vimEnvvar,vimFunc,vimFuncVar,vimOper,vimOperParen,vimNumber,vimString,vimType,vimRegister,@vimContinue,vim9Comment,vimVar
+syn cluster	vimOperGroup	contains=vimEnvvar,vimFunc,vimFuncVar,vimOper,vimOperParen,vimNumber,vimString,vimRegister,@vimContinue,vim9Comment,vimVar
 syn match	vimOper	"||\|&&\|[-+*/%.!]"				skipwhite nextgroup=vimString,vimSpecFile
 syn match	vimOper	"\%#=1\(==\|!=\|>=\|<=\|=\~\|!\~\|>\|<\|=\|!\~#\)[?#]\{0,2}"	skipwhite nextgroup=vimString,vimSpecFile
 syn match	vimOper	"\(\<is\|\<isnot\)[?#]\{0,2}\>"			skipwhite nextgroup=vimString,vimSpecFile
@@ -277,28 +276,67 @@
 
 " Functions : Tag is provided for those who wish to highlight tagged functions {{{2
 " =========
-syn cluster	vimFuncList	contains=vimCommand,vimFunctionError,vimFuncKey,Tag,vimFuncSID
-syn cluster	vimFuncBodyList	contains=@vimCmdList,vimCmplxRepeat,vimComment,vim9Comment,vimContinue,vimCtrlChar,vimEnvvar,vimFBVar,vimFunc,vimFunction,vimFuncVar,vimLetHereDoc,vimLineComment,vimNotation,vimNotFunc,vimNumber,vimOper,vimOperParen,vimRegion,vimRegister,vimSearch,vimSpecFile,vimString,vimSubst
-syn match	vimFunction	"\<\(fu\%[nction]\)!\=\s\+\%(<[sS][iI][dD]>\|[sSgGbBwWtTlL]:\)\=\%(\i\|[#.]\|{.\{-1,}}\)*\ze\s*("	contains=@vimFuncList nextgroup=vimFuncBody
-syn match	vimFunction	"\<def\s\+new\i\{-}(" contains=@vimFuncList nextgroup=vimFuncBody
-syn match	vimFunction	"\<def!\=\s\+\%(\i\|[#.]\|{.\{-1,}}\)*\ze\s*(" contains=@vimFuncList nextgroup=vimFuncBody
-"syn match	vimFunction	"\<def!\=\ze\s*(" contains=@vimFuncList nextgroup=vimFuncBody
+syn cluster	vimFuncList	contains=vimFuncBang,vimFunctionError,vimFuncKey,vimFuncSID,Tag
+syn cluster	vimDefList	contains=vimFuncBang,vimFunctionError,vimDefKey,vimFuncSID,Tag
+syn cluster	vimFuncBodyList	contains=@vimCmdList,vimCmplxRepeat,vimComment,vimContinue,vimCtrlChar,vimDef,vimEnvvar,vimFBVar,vimFunc,vimFunction,vimFuncVar,vimLetHereDoc,vimLineComment,vimNotation,vimNotFunc,vimNumber,vimOper,vimOperParen,vimRegion,vimRegister,vimSearch,vimSpecFile,vimString,vimSubst
+syn cluster	vimDefBodyList	contains=@vimCmdList,vimCmplxRepeat,vim9Comment,vimContinue,vimCtrlChar,vimDef,vimEnvvar,vimFBVar,vimFunc,vimFunction,vimLetHereDoc,vim9LineComment,vimNotation,vimNotFunc,vimNumber,vimOper,vimOperParen,vimRegion,vimRegister,vimSearch,vimSpecFile,vimString,vimSubst
+
+syn region	vimFuncPattern	contained		matchgroup=vimOper start="/" end="$" contains=@vimSubstList
+syn match	vimFunction	"\<fu\%[nction]\>"	skipwhite nextgroup=vimCmdSep,vimComment,vimFuncPattern contains=vimFuncKey
+syn match	vimDef	"\<def\>"		skipwhite nextgroup=vimCmdSep,vimComment,vimFuncPattern contains=vimDefKey
+
+syn match	vimFunction	"\<fu\%[nction]\>!\=\s*\%(<[sS][iI][dD]>\|[sg]:\)\=\%(\i\|[#.]\|{.\{-1,}}\)\+"	contains=@vimFuncList skipwhite nextgroup=vimFuncParams
+syn match	vimDef	"\<def\s\+new\%(\i\|{.\{-1,}}\)\+"				contains=@vimDefList            nextgroup=vimDefParams
+syn match	vimDef	"\<def\>!\=\s*\%(<[sS][iI][dD]>\|[sg]:\)\=\%(\i\|[#.]\|{.\{-1,}}\)\+"		contains=@vimDefList            nextgroup=vimDefParams
+
+syn match	vimFuncComment	contained	+".*+ skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=vimFuncBody,vimEndfunction
+syn match	vimDefComment	contained	"#.*" skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=vimDefBody,vimEnddef
+
+syn match	vimFuncBang	contained	"!"
+syn match	vimFuncSID	contained	"\c<sid>"
+syn match	vimFuncSID	contained	"\<[sg]:"
+syn keyword	vimFuncKey	contained	fu[nction]
+syn keyword	vimDefKey	contained	def
+
+syn region	vimFuncParams	contained	matchgroup=Delimiter start="(" skip=+\n\s*\\\|\n\s*"\\ + end=")" skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=vimFuncBody,vimFuncComment,vimEndfunction,vimFuncMod contains=vimFuncParam,@vimContinue
+syn region	vimDefParams	contained	matchgroup=Delimiter start="("		   end=")" skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=vimDefBody,vimDefComment,vimEnddef,vimReturnType	 contains=vimDefParam,vim9Comment
+syn match	vimFuncParam	contained	"\<\h\w*\>\|\.\.\."	skipwhite nextgroup=vimFuncParamEquals
+syn match	vimDefParam	contained	"\<\h\w*\>"		skipwhite nextgroup=vimParamType,vimFuncParamEquals
+
+syn match	vimFuncParamEquals contained	"="			skipwhite        nextgroup=@vimExprList
+syn match	vimFuncMod	 contained	"\<\%(abort\|closure\|dict\|range\)\>"	skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=vimFuncBody,vimFuncComment,vimEndfunction,vimFuncMod
+
+syn region	vimFuncBody	contained	start="^"	matchgroup=vimCommand end="\<endfu\%[nction]\>"	contains=@vimFuncBodyList
+syn region	vimDefBody	contained	start="^"	matchgroup=vimCommand end="\<enddef\>"	contains=@vimDefBodyList
+
+syn match	vimEndfunction	"\<endf\%[unction]\>"
+syn match	vimEnddef	"\<enddef\>"
 
 if exists("g:vimsyn_folding") && g:vimsyn_folding =~# 'f'
- syn region	vimFuncBody  contained	fold start="\ze\s*("	matchgroup=vimCommand end="\<\(endf\>\|endfu\%[nction]\>\|enddef\>\)"		contains=@vimFuncBodyList
-else
- syn region	vimFuncBody  contained	start="\ze\s*("		matchgroup=vimCommand end="\<\(endf\>\|endfu\%[nction]\>\|enddef\>\)"		contains=@vimFuncBodyList
+ syn region	vimFuncFold	start="\<fu\%[nction]\>!\=\s*\%(<[sS][iI][dD]>\|[sg]:\)\=\%(\i\|[#.]\|{.\{-1,}}\)\+\s*("	end="\<endf\%[unction]\>" contains=vimFunction fold keepend transparent
+ syn region	vimFuncFold	start="\<def\>!\=\s*\%(<[sS][iI][dD]>\|[sg]:\)\=\%(\i\|[#.]\|{.\{-1,}}\)\+("	end="\<enddef\>"	        contains=vimDef      fold keepend transparent
+ syn region	vimFuncFold	start="\<def\s\+new\%(\i\|{.\{-1,}}\)\+("			end="\<enddef\>"	        contains=vimDef      fold keepend transparent
 endif
-syn match	vimFuncVar   contained	"a:\(\K\k*\|\d\+\)"
-syn match	vimFuncSID   contained	"\c<sid>\|\<s:"
-syn keyword	vimFuncKey   contained	fu[nction]
-syn keyword	vimFuncKey   contained	def
+
+syn match	vimFuncVar   contained	"a:\%(\K\k*\|\d\+\)\>"
 syn match	vimFuncBlank contained	"\s\+"
 
 syn keyword	vimPattern   contained	start	skip	end
 
+" Types: {{{2
+" =====
 " vimTypes : new for vim9
-syn match	vimType	":\s*\zs\<\(bool\|number\|float\|string\|blob\|list<\|dict<\|job\|channel\|func\)\>"
+syn region	vimReturnType	contained	start=":\s" end="$" matchgroup=vim9Comment end="\ze#" skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=vimDefBody,vimDefComment,vimEnddef contains=vimTypeSep transparent
+syn match	vimParamType	contained	":\s\+\a"			skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=vimFuncParamEquals   	        contains=vimTypeSep,@vimType
+
+syn match	vimTypeSep	contained	":\s\@=" skipwhite nextgroup=@vimType
+syn keyword	vimType	contained	any blob bool channel float job number string void
+syn match	vimType	contained	"\<func\>"
+syn region	vimCompoundType	contained	matchgroup=vimType start="\<func("            end=")" nextgroup=vimTypeSep contains=@vimType oneline transparent
+syn region	vimCompoundType   contained         matchgroup=vimType start="\<\%(list\|dict\)<" end=">"                      contains=@vimType oneline transparent
+syn match	vimUserType	contained	"\<\u\w*\>"
+
+syn cluster vimType contains=vimType,vimCompoundType,vimUserType
 
 " Keymaps: (Vim Project Addition) {{{2
 " =======
@@ -508,7 +546,7 @@
 syn keyword	vimEchohlNone	contained none
 syn case match
 
-syn cluster	vimEcho	contains=vimEcho.*
+syn cluster	vimEcho	contains=vimEcho,vimEchohl
 
 syn region	vimExecute	matchgroup=vimCommand start="\<exe\%[cute]\>" skip=+\\|\|\n\s*\\\|\n\s*"\\ + matchgroup=vimCmdSep end="|" excludenl end="$" contains=@vimContinue,@vimExprList transparent
 
@@ -596,7 +634,7 @@
 " ====================
 if !exists("g:vimsyn_noerror") && !exists("g:vimsyn_novimfunctionerror")
  " TODO: The new-prefix exception should only apply to constructor definitions.
- syn match	vimFunctionError	"\s\zs\%(new\)\@![a-z0-9]\i\{-}\ze\s*("			contained contains=vimFuncKey,vimFuncBlank
+ syn match	vimFunctionError	"\s\zs\%(new\)\@![a-z0-9]\i\{-}\ze\s*("		contained contains=vimFuncKey,vimFuncBlank
  syn match	vimFunctionError	"\s\zs\%(<[sS][iI][dD]>\|[sSgGbBwWtTlL]:\)\d\i\{-}\ze\s*("	contained contains=vimFuncKey,vimFuncBlank
  syn match	vimElseIfErr	"\<else\s\+if\>"
  syn match	vimBufnrWarn	/\<bufnr\s*(\s*["']\.['"]\s*)/
@@ -1027,11 +1065,16 @@
  hi def link vimContinue	Special
  hi def link vimContinueComment	vimComment
  hi def link vimCtrlChar	SpecialChar
+ hi def link vimDefComment	vimComment
+ hi def link vimDefKey	vimCommand
+ hi def link vimDefParam vimVar
  hi def link vimEcho	vimCommand
  hi def link vimEchohlNone	vimGroup
  hi def link vimEchohl	vimCommand
  hi def link vimElseIfErr	Error
  hi def link vimElseif	vimCondHL
+ hi def link vimEndfunction	vimCommand
+ hi def link vimEnddef	vimCommand
  hi def link vimEnvvar	PreProc
  hi def link vimError	Error
  hi def link vimEscape	Special
@@ -1042,8 +1085,13 @@
  hi def link vimFor	vimCommand
  hi def link vimFTCmd	vimCommand
  hi def link vimFTOption	vimSynType
+ hi def link vimFuncBang	vimBang
+ hi def link vimFuncComment	vimComment
  hi def link vimFuncKey	vimCommand
  hi def link vimFuncName	Function
+ hi def link vimFuncMod	Special
+ hi def link vimFuncParam	vimVar
+ hi def link vimFuncParamEquals	vimOper
  hi def link vimFuncSID	Special
  hi def link vimFuncVar	Identifier
  hi def link vimGroupAdd	vimSynOption