diff --git a/runtime/syntax/generator/vim.vim.base b/runtime/syntax/generator/vim.vim.base
index 99a0488..6527fe1 100644
--- a/runtime/syntax/generator/vim.vim.base
+++ b/runtime/syntax/generator/vim.vim.base
@@ -157,16 +157,16 @@
 
 " Numbers {{{2
 " =======
-syn match vimNumber	'\<\d\+\%(\.\d\+\%([eE][+-]\=\d\+\)\=\)\=' skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
-syn match vimNumber	'-\d\+\%(\.\d\+\%([eE][+-]\=\d\+\)\=\)\='  skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
-syn match vimNumber	'\<0[xX]\x\+'		       skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
-syn match vimNumber	'\%(^\|\A\)\zs#\x\{6}'             	       skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
-syn match vimNumber	'\<0[zZ][a-zA-Z0-9.]\+'                    skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
-syn match vimNumber	'0[0-7]\+'		       skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
-syn match vimNumber	'0[bB][01]\+'		       skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
+syn match vimNumber	'\<\d\+\%(\.\d\+\%([eE][+-]\=\d\+\)\=\)\=' skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
+syn match vimNumber	'-\d\+\%(\.\d\+\%([eE][+-]\=\d\+\)\=\)\='  skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
+syn match vimNumber	'\<0[xX]\x\+'		       skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
+syn match vimNumber	'\%(^\|\A\)\zs#\x\{6}'             	       skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
+syn match vimNumber	'\<0[zZ][a-zA-Z0-9.]\+'                    skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
+syn match vimNumber	'0[0-7]\+'		       skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
+syn match vimNumber	'0[bB][01]\+'		       skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
 
 " All vimCommands are contained by vimIsCommand. {{{2
-syn match vimCmdSep	"[:|]\+"	skipwhite nextgroup=vimAbb,vimAddress,vimAutoCmd,vimAugroup,vimBehave,vimEcho,vimEchoHL,vimExecute,vimIsCommand,vimExtCmd,vimFilter,vimGlobal,vimHighlight,vimLet,vimMap,vimMark,vimNorm,vimSet,vimSyntax,vimUnlet,vimUnmap,vimUserCmd
+syn match vimCmdSep	"[:|]\+"	skipwhite nextgroup=vimAbb,vimAddress,vimAutoCmd,vimAugroup,vimBehave,vimEcho,vimEchoHL,vimExecute,vimIsCommand,vimExtCmd,vimFilter,vimGlobal,vimHighlight,vimLet,vimMap,vimMark,vimNorm,vimSet,vimSubst1,vimSyntax,vimUnlet,vimUnmap,vimUserCmd
 syn match vimIsCommand	"\<\%(\h\w*\|[23]mat\%[ch]\)\>"	contains=vimCommand
 syn match vimVar	      contained	"\<\h[a-zA-Z0-9#_]*\>"
 syn match vimVar		"\<[bwglstav]:\h[a-zA-Z0-9#_]*\>"
@@ -194,7 +194,6 @@
 syn match   vimBehaveBang	contained	"\a\@1<=!" nextgroup=vimBehaveModel skipwhite
 syn keyword vimBehaveModel	contained	mswin	xterm
 
-hi def link vimBehaveBang vimBang
 " Filetypes {{{2
 " =========
 syn match   vimFiletype	"\<filet\%[ype]\(\s\+\I\i*\)*"	skipwhite contains=vimFTCmd,vimFTOption,vimFTError
@@ -270,12 +269,12 @@
 
 " Special Filenames, Modifiers, Extension Removal: {{{2
 " ===============================================
-syn match	vimSpecFile	"<c\(word\|WORD\)>"	nextgroup=vimSpecFileMod,vimSubst
-syn match	vimSpecFile	"<\([acs]file\|amatch\|abuf\)>"	nextgroup=vimSpecFileMod,vimSubst
-syn match	vimSpecFile	"\s%[ \t:]"ms=s+1,me=e-1	nextgroup=vimSpecFileMod,vimSubst
-syn match	vimSpecFile	"\s%$"ms=s+1	nextgroup=vimSpecFileMod,vimSubst
-syn match	vimSpecFile	"\s%<"ms=s+1,me=e-1	nextgroup=vimSpecFileMod,vimSubst
-syn match	vimSpecFile	"#\d\+\|[#%]<\>"	nextgroup=vimSpecFileMod,vimSubst
+syn match	vimSpecFile	"<c\(word\|WORD\)>"	nextgroup=vimSpecFileMod,vimSubst1
+syn match	vimSpecFile	"<\([acs]file\|amatch\|abuf\)>"	nextgroup=vimSpecFileMod,vimSubst1
+syn match	vimSpecFile	"\s%[ \t:]"ms=s+1,me=e-1	nextgroup=vimSpecFileMod,vimSubst1
+syn match	vimSpecFile	"\s%$"ms=s+1		nextgroup=vimSpecFileMod,vimSubst1
+syn match	vimSpecFile	"\s%<"ms=s+1,me=e-1	nextgroup=vimSpecFileMod,vimSubst1
+syn match	vimSpecFile	"#\d\+\|[#%]<\>"		nextgroup=vimSpecFileMod,vimSubst1
 syn match	vimSpecFileMod	"\(:[phtre]\)\+"	contained
 
 " User-Specified Commands: {{{2
@@ -356,33 +355,34 @@
 syn cluster	vimSubstList	contains=vimPatSep,vimPatRegion,vimPatSepErr,vimSubstTwoBS,vimSubstRange,vimNotation
 syn cluster	vimSubstRepList	contains=vimSubstSubstr,vimSubstTwoBS,vimNotation
 syn cluster	vimSubstList	add=vimCollection
-syn match	vimSubst	"\(:\+\s*\|^\s*\||\s*\)\<\%(\<s\%[ubstitute]\>\|\<sm\%[agic]\>\|\<sno\%[magic]\>\)[:#[:alpha:]]\@!" nextgroup=vimSubstPat
-"syn match	vimSubst	"\%(^\|[^\\]\)\<s\%[ubstitute]\>[:#[:alpha:]]\@!"	nextgroup=vimSubstPat contained
-syn match	vimSubst	"\%(^\|[^\\\"']\)\<s\%[ubstitute]\>[:#[:alpha:]\"']\@!"	nextgroup=vimSubstPat contained
-syn match	vimSubst	"/\zs\<s\%[ubstitute]\>\ze/"		nextgroup=vimSubstPat
-syn match	vimSubst	"\(:\+\s*\|^\s*\)s\ze#.\{-}#.\{-}#"		nextgroup=vimSubstPat
-syn match	vimSubst1       contained	"\<s\%[ubstitute]\>"	nextgroup=vimSubstPat
-syn match	vimSubst2       contained	"s\%[ubstitute]\>"	nextgroup=vimSubstPat
-syn region	vimSubstPat     contained	matchgroup=vimSubstDelim start="\z([^a-zA-Z( \t[\]&]\)"rs=s+1 skip="\\\\\|\\\z1" end="\z1"re=e-1,me=e-1	 contains=@vimSubstList	nextgroup=vimSubstRep4	oneline
-syn region	vimSubstRep4    contained	matchgroup=vimSubstDelim start="\z(.\)" skip="\\\\\|\\\z1" end="\z1" matchgroup=vimNotation end="<[cC][rR]>" contains=@vimSubstRepList	nextgroup=vimSubstFlagErr	oneline
-syn region	vimCollection   contained transparent	start="\\\@<!\[" skip="\\\[" end="\]"	contains=vimCollClass
-syn match	vimCollClassErr contained	"\[:.\{-\}:\]"
-syn match	vimCollClass    contained transparent	"\%#=1\[:\(alnum\|alpha\|blank\|cntrl\|digit\|graph\|lower\|print\|punct\|space\|upper\|xdigit\|retu\%[rn]\|tab\|escape\|backspace\):\]"
-syn match	vimSubstSubstr  contained	"\\z\=\d"
-syn match	vimSubstTwoBS   contained	"\\\\"
-syn match	vimSubstFlagErr contained	"[^< \t\r|]\+" contains=vimSubstFlags
-syn match	vimSubstFlags   contained	"[&cegiIlnpr#]\+"
+syn match	vimSubst	"^\s*\%(s\%[ubstitute]\|sm\%[agic]\|sno\%[magic]\)\>[\"#|]\@!"	nextgroup=vimSubstPat
+syn match	vimSubst	"^\s*\%(s\%[ubstitute]\|sm\%[agic]\|sno\%[magic]\)_\@="	nextgroup=vimSubstPat
+syn match	vimSubst	"^\s*\%(s\%[ubstitute]\|sm\%[agic]\>\|sno\%[magic]\)\ze#.\{-}#.\{-}#"	nextgroup=vimSubstPat
+syn match	vimSubst1	contained	"\%(s\%[ubstitute]\|sm\%[agic]\>\|sno\%[magic]\)\>[\"#|]\@!"		nextgroup=vimSubstPat
+syn match	vimSubst1	contained	"\%(s\%[ubstitute]\|sm\%[agic]\>\|sno\%[magic]\)_\@="			nextgroup=vimSubstPat
+syn match	vimSubst1	contained	"\%(s\%[ubstitute]\|sm\%[agic]\>\|sno\%[magic]\)\ze#.\{-}#.\{-}#"		nextgroup=vimSubstPat
+" TODO: Vim9 illegal separators for abbreviated :s form are [-.:], :su\%[...] required
+"     : # is allowed but "not recommended" (see :h pattern-delimiter)
+syn region	vimSubstPat	contained	matchgroup=vimSubstDelim start="\z([!#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{}~]\)"rs=s+1 skip="\\\\\|\\\z1" end="\z1"re=e-1,me=e-1	contains=@vimSubstList	nextgroup=vimSubstRep4	oneline
+syn region	vimSubstRep4	contained	matchgroup=vimSubstDelim start="\z(.\)" skip="\\\\\|\\\z1" end="\z1" matchgroup=vimNotation end="<[cC][rR]>"	contains=@vimSubstRepList	nextgroup=vimSubstFlagErr	oneline
+syn region	vimCollection	contained 	transparent	start="\\\@<!\[" skip="\\\[" end="\]"	contains=vimCollClass
+syn match	vimCollClassErr	contained	"\[:.\{-\}:\]"
+syn match	vimCollClass	contained 	transparent	"\%#=1\[:\(alnum\|alpha\|blank\|cntrl\|digit\|graph\|lower\|print\|punct\|space\|upper\|xdigit\|retu\%[rn]\|tab\|escape\|backspace\):\]"
+syn match	vimSubstSubstr	contained	"\\z\=\d"
+syn match	vimSubstTwoBS	contained	"\\\\"
+syn match	vimSubstFlagErr	contained	"[^< \t\r|]\+" contains=vimSubstFlags
+syn match	vimSubstFlags	contained	"[&cegiIlnpr#]\+"
 
 " 'String': {{{2
 syn match	vimString	"[^(,]'[^']\{-}\zs'"
 
 " Marks, Registers, Addresses, Filters: {{{2
-syn match	vimMark	"'[a-zA-Z0-9]\ze[-+,!]"	nextgroup=vimFilter,vimMarkNumber,vimSubst
-syn match	vimMark	"'[<>]\ze[-+,!]"		nextgroup=vimFilter,vimMarkNumber,vimSubst
-syn match	vimMark	",\zs'[<>]\ze"		nextgroup=vimFilter,vimMarkNumber,vimSubst
-syn match	vimMark	"[!,:]\zs'[a-zA-Z0-9]"	nextgroup=vimFilter,vimMarkNumber,vimSubst
-syn match	vimMark	"\<norm\%[al]\s\zs'[a-zA-Z0-9]"	nextgroup=vimFilter,vimMarkNumber,vimSubst
-syn match	vimMarkNumber	"[-+]\d\+"		contained contains=vimOper nextgroup=vimSubst2
+syn match	vimMark	"'[a-zA-Z0-9]\ze[-+,!]"	nextgroup=vimFilter,vimMarkNumber,vimSubst1
+syn match	vimMark	"'[<>]\ze[-+,!]"		nextgroup=vimFilter,vimMarkNumber,vimSubst1
+syn match	vimMark	",\zs'[<>]\ze"		nextgroup=vimFilter,vimMarkNumber,vimSubst1
+syn match	vimMark	"[!,:]\zs'[a-zA-Z0-9]"	nextgroup=vimFilter,vimMarkNumber,vimSubst1
+syn match	vimMark	"\<norm\%[al]\s\zs'[a-zA-Z0-9]"	nextgroup=vimFilter,vimMarkNumber,vimSubst1
+syn match	vimMarkNumber	"[-+]\d\+"		contained contains=vimOper nextgroup=vimSubst1
 syn match	vimPlainMark contained	"'[a-zA-Z0-9]"
 syn match	vimRange	"[`'][a-zA-Z0-9],[`'][a-zA-Z0-9]"	contains=vimMark	skipwhite nextgroup=vimFilter
 
@@ -713,8 +713,8 @@
 " ====================
 syn match	vimSearch	'^\s*[/?].*'		contains=vimSearchDelim
 syn match	vimSearchDelim	'^\s*\zs[/?]\|[/?]$'	contained
-syn region	vimGlobal	matchgroup=Statement start='\<g\%[lobal]!\=/'  skip='\\.' end='/'	skipwhite nextgroup=vimSubst
-syn region	vimGlobal	matchgroup=Statement start='\<v\%[global]!\=/' skip='\\.' end='/'	skipwhite nextgroup=vimSubst
+syn region	vimGlobal	matchgroup=Statement start='\<g\%[lobal]!\=/'  skip='\\.' end='/'	skipwhite nextgroup=vimSubst1
+syn region	vimGlobal	matchgroup=Statement start='\<v\%[global]!\=/' skip='\\.' end='/'	skipwhite nextgroup=vimSubst1
 
 " Embedded Scripts:  {{{2
 " ================
@@ -934,7 +934,7 @@
  hi def link vimAutoCmdMod	Special
  hi def link vimAutoSet	vimCommand
  hi def link vimBang	vimOper
-  hi def link vimBehaveBang	vimBang
+ hi def link vimBehaveBang	vimBang
  hi def link vimBehaveModel	vimBehave
  hi def link vimBehave	vimCommand
  hi def link vimBracket	Delimiter
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_23.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_23.dump
index d75c4b0..6baf838 100644
--- a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_23.dump
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_23.dump
@@ -15,6 +15,6 @@
 |:|r+0#af5f00255&|u|n|d|o| +0#0000000&@68
 |:|r+0#af5f00255&|u|n|t|i|m|e| +0#0000000&@66
 |:|r+0#af5f00255&|v|i|m|i|n|f|o| +0#0000000&@65
-|:+0#af5f00255&|s|u|b|s|t|i|t|u|t|e| +0#0000000&@63
+|:|s+0#af5f00255&|u|b|s|t|i|t|u|t|e| +0#0000000&@63
 |:|s+0#af5f00255&|N|e|x|t| +0#0000000&@68
 @57|4|1|5|,|1| @8|3|4|%| 
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_25.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_25.dump
index 746b0d8..6b40f2c 100644
--- a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_25.dump
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_25.dump
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 |:|s+0#af5f00255&|l|e@1|p| +0#0000000&@68
 |:|s+0#af5f00255&|l|e@1|p|!| +0#0000000&@67
 |:|s+0#af5f00255&|l|a|s|t| +0#0000000&@68
-|:+0#af5f00255&|s|m|a|g|i|c| +0#0000000&@67
+|:|s+0#af5f00255&|m|a|g|i|c| +0#0000000&@67
 |:|s+0#af5f00255&|m|a|p| +0#0000000&@69
 |:|s+0#af5f00255&|m|a|p|c|l|e|a|r| +0#0000000&@64
 |:|s+0#af5f00255&|m|e|n|u| +0#0000000&@68
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_26.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_26.dump
index db27187..f388e4f 100644
--- a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_26.dump
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_26.dump
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 |:+0&#ffffff0|s+0#af5f00255&|n|e|x|t| +0#0000000&@68
-|:+0#af5f00255&|s|n|o|m|a|g|i|c| +0#0000000&@65
+|:|s+0#af5f00255&|n|o|m|a|g|i|c| +0#0000000&@65
 |:|s+0#af5f00255&|n|o|r|e|m|a|p| +0#0000000&@65
 |:|s+0#af5f00255&|n|o|r|e|m|e|n|u| +0#0000000&@64
 |:|s+0#af5f00255&|o|r|t| +0#0000000&@69
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_56.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_56.dump
index 89b1df7..ba57541 100644
--- a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_56.dump
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_56.dump
@@ -15,6 +15,6 @@
 |c+0#af5f00255&|a|l@1| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&||| |r+0#af5f00255&|u|n|d|o| +0#0000000&@56
 |c+0#af5f00255&|a|l@1| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&||| |r+0#af5f00255&|u|n|t|i|m|e| +0#0000000&@54
 |c+0#af5f00255&|a|l@1| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&||| |r+0#af5f00255&|v|i|m|i|n|f|o| +0#0000000&@53
-|c+0#af5f00255&|a|l@1| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&||+0#af5f00255&| |s|u|b|s|t|i|t|u|t|e| +0#0000000&@51
+|c+0#af5f00255&|a|l@1| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&||| |s+0#af5f00255&|u|b|s|t|i|t|u|t|e| +0#0000000&@51
 |c+0#af5f00255&|a|l@1| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&||| |s+0#af5f00255&|N|e|x|t| +0#0000000&@56
 @57|1|0@1|9|,|1| @7|8|5|%| 
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_58.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_58.dump
index 28f0d89..1d24fd5 100644
--- a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_58.dump
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_58.dump
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 |c+0#af5f00255&|a|l@1| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&||| |s+0#af5f00255&|l|e@1|p| +0#0000000&@56
 |c+0#af5f00255&|a|l@1| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&||| |s+0#af5f00255&|l|e@1|p|!| +0#0000000&@55
 |c+0#af5f00255&|a|l@1| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&||| |s+0#af5f00255&|l|a|s|t| +0#0000000&@56
-|c+0#af5f00255&|a|l@1| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&||+0#af5f00255&| |s|m|a|g|i|c| +0#0000000&@55
+|c+0#af5f00255&|a|l@1| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&||| |s+0#af5f00255&|m|a|g|i|c| +0#0000000&@55
 |c+0#af5f00255&|a|l@1| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&||| |s+0#af5f00255&|m|a|p| +0#0000000&@57
 |c+0#af5f00255&|a|l@1| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&||| |s+0#af5f00255&|m|a|p|c|l|e|a|r| +0#0000000&@52
 |c+0#af5f00255&|a|l@1| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&||| |s+0#af5f00255&|m|e|n|u| +0#0000000&@56
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_59.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_59.dump
index d346f93..920861c 100644
--- a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_59.dump
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_59.dump
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 |c+0#af5f00255#ffffff0|a|l@1| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&||| |s+0#af5f00255&|n|e|x|t| +0#0000000&@56
-|c+0#af5f00255&|a|l@1| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&||+0#af5f00255&| |s|n|o|m|a|g|i|c| +0#0000000&@53
+|c+0#af5f00255&|a|l@1| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&||| |s+0#af5f00255&|n|o|m|a|g|i|c| +0#0000000&@53
 |c+0#af5f00255&|a|l@1| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&||| |s+0#af5f00255&|n|o|r|e|m|a|p| +0#0000000&@53
 |c+0#af5f00255&|a|l@1| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&||| |s+0#af5f00255&|n|o|r|e|m|e|n|u| +0#0000000&@52
 |c+0#af5f00255&|a|l@1| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&||| |s+0#af5f00255&|o|r|t| +0#0000000&@57
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_substitute_00.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_substitute_00.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31094c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_substitute_00.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+>s+0#af5f00255#ffffff0|u|b|s|t|i|t|u|t|e|/+0#e000e06&|f+0#0000000&|o@1|/+0#e000e06&|b+0#0000000&|a|r|/+0#e000e06&|&| +0#0000000&@54
+|s+0#af5f00255&|u|b|s|t|i|t|u|t|e|/+0#e000e06&|f+0#0000000&|o@1|/+0#e000e06&|b+0#0000000&|a|r|/+0#e000e06&|c|e|g|i|I|n|p|#|l|r| +0#0000000&@45
+@75
+|s+0#af5f00255&|n|o|m|a|g|i|c|/+0#e000e06&|f+0#0000000&|o@1|/+0#e000e06&|b+0#0000000&|a|r|/+0#e000e06&|&| +0#0000000&@56
+|s+0#af5f00255&|n|o|m|a|g|i|c|/+0#e000e06&|f+0#0000000&|o@1|/+0#e000e06&|b+0#0000000&|a|r|/+0#e000e06&|c|e|g|i|I|n|p|#|l|r| +0#0000000&@47
+@75
+|s+0#af5f00255&|m|a|g|i|c|/+0#e000e06&|f+0#0000000&|o@1|/+0#e000e06&|b+0#0000000&|a|r|/+0#e000e06&|&| +0#0000000&@58
+|s+0#af5f00255&|m|a|g|i|c|/+0#e000e06&|f+0#0000000&|o@1|/+0#e000e06&|b+0#0000000&|a|r|/+0#e000e06&|c|e|g|i|I|n|p|#|l|r| +0#0000000&@49
+@75
+|:|s+0#af5f00255&|u|b|s|t|i|t|u|t|e|/+0#e000e06&|f+0#0000000&|o@1|/+0#e000e06&|b+0#0000000&|a|r|/+0#e000e06&|&| +0#0000000&@53
+|:|s+0#af5f00255&|u|b|s|t|i|t|u|t|e|/+0#e000e06&|f+0#0000000&|o@1|/+0#e000e06&|b+0#0000000&|a|r|/+0#e000e06&|c|e|g|i|I|n|p|#|l|r| +0#0000000&@44
+@75
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diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_substitute_01.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_substitute_01.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..806101c
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diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_substitute_02.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_substitute_02.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0e722d
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diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_substitute_03.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_substitute_03.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb12bb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_substitute_03.dump
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diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_substitute_04.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_substitute_04.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b378260
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_substitute_99.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_substitute_99.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88cb7dc
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+> @74
+@57|8|6|,|0|-|1| @7|B|o|t| 
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_ex_substitute.vim b/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_ex_substitute.vim
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..340d573
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_ex_substitute.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+substitute/foo/bar/&
+substitute/foo/bar/cegiInp#lr
+
+snomagic/foo/bar/&
+snomagic/foo/bar/cegiInp#lr
+
+smagic/foo/bar/&
+smagic/foo/bar/cegiInp#lr
+
+:substitute/foo/bar/&
+:substitute/foo/bar/cegiInp#lr
+
+:snomagic/foo/bar/&
+:snomagic/foo/bar/cegiInp#lr
+
+:smagic/foo/bar/&
+:smagic/foo/bar/cegiInp#lr
+
+call Foo() | substitute/foo/bar/&
+call Foo() | substitute/foo/bar/cegiInp#lr
+
+call Foo() | snomagic/foo/bar/&
+call Foo() | snomagic/foo/bar/cegiInp#lr
+
+call Foo() | smagic/foo/bar/&
+call Foo() | smagic/foo/bar/cegiInp#lr
+
+let foo = str->substitute(str, pat, sub, flags)
+
+function Foo()
+  substitute/foo/bar/
+  let bar = str->substitute(str, pat, sub, flags)
+endfunction
+
+def Foo()
+  substitute/foo/bar/
+  let bar = str->substitute(str, pat, sub, flags)
+enddef
+
+" various delimiters
+
+s!/!//! " comment
+" s"/"//" " comment (works but disallowed)
+s#/#//# " comment
+s$/$//$ " comment
+s%/%//% " comment
+s&/&//& " comment
+s'/'//' " comment
+" FIXME - matches vimUserFunc
+" s(/(//( " comment
+s)/)//) " comment
+s*/*//* " comment
+s+/+//+ " comment
+s,/,//, " comment
+s-/-//- " comment
+s././/. " comment
+s/X/XX/ " comment
+s:/://: " comment
+s;/;//; " comment
+s</<//< " comment
+s=/=//= " comment
+s>/>//> " comment
+s?/?//? " comment
+s@/@//@ " comment
+s[/[//[ " comment
+" s\/\//\ " comment (disallowed)
+s]/]//] " comment
+s^/^//^ " comment
+s_/_//_ " comment
+s`/`//` " comment
+s{/{//{ " comment
+" s|/|//| " comment (disallowed)
+s}/}//} " comment
+s~/~//~ " comment
+
+
+" Issue #13883
+
+str[s]
+str(s)
+
+def Test()
+  str[s]
+  str(s)
+enddef
+
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/vim.vim b/runtime/syntax/vim.vim
index 7dde1a3..c845651 100644
--- a/runtime/syntax/vim.vim
+++ b/runtime/syntax/vim.vim
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 " Maintainer:	Hirohito Higashi <h.east.727 ATMARK gmail.com>
 " 	Doug Kearns <dougkearns@gmail.com>
 " URL:	https://github.com/vim-jp/syntax-vim-ex
-" Last Change:	Feb 23, 2024
+" Last Change:	Feb 27, 2024
 " Former Maintainer: Charles E. Campbell
 " Base File URL:     http://www.drchip.org/astronaut/vim/index.html#SYNTAX_VIM
 " Base File Version: 9.0-25
@@ -199,16 +199,16 @@
 
 " Numbers {{{2
 " =======
-syn match vimNumber	'\<\d\+\%(\.\d\+\%([eE][+-]\=\d\+\)\=\)\=' skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
-syn match vimNumber	'-\d\+\%(\.\d\+\%([eE][+-]\=\d\+\)\=\)\='  skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
-syn match vimNumber	'\<0[xX]\x\+'		       skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
-syn match vimNumber	'\%(^\|\A\)\zs#\x\{6}'             	       skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
-syn match vimNumber	'\<0[zZ][a-zA-Z0-9.]\+'                    skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
-syn match vimNumber	'0[0-7]\+'		       skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
-syn match vimNumber	'0[bB][01]\+'		       skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
+syn match vimNumber	'\<\d\+\%(\.\d\+\%([eE][+-]\=\d\+\)\=\)\=' skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
+syn match vimNumber	'-\d\+\%(\.\d\+\%([eE][+-]\=\d\+\)\=\)\='  skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
+syn match vimNumber	'\<0[xX]\x\+'		       skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
+syn match vimNumber	'\%(^\|\A\)\zs#\x\{6}'             	       skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
+syn match vimNumber	'\<0[zZ][a-zA-Z0-9.]\+'                    skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
+syn match vimNumber	'0[0-7]\+'		       skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
+syn match vimNumber	'0[bB][01]\+'		       skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
 
 " All vimCommands are contained by vimIsCommand. {{{2
-syn match vimCmdSep	"[:|]\+"	skipwhite nextgroup=vimAbb,vimAddress,vimAutoCmd,vimAugroup,vimBehave,vimEcho,vimEchoHL,vimExecute,vimIsCommand,vimExtCmd,vimFilter,vimGlobal,vimHighlight,vimLet,vimMap,vimMark,vimNorm,vimSet,vimSyntax,vimUnlet,vimUnmap,vimUserCmd
+syn match vimCmdSep	"[:|]\+"	skipwhite nextgroup=vimAbb,vimAddress,vimAutoCmd,vimAugroup,vimBehave,vimEcho,vimEchoHL,vimExecute,vimIsCommand,vimExtCmd,vimFilter,vimGlobal,vimHighlight,vimLet,vimMap,vimMark,vimNorm,vimSet,vimSubst1,vimSyntax,vimUnlet,vimUnmap,vimUserCmd
 syn match vimIsCommand	"\<\%(\h\w*\|[23]mat\%[ch]\)\>"	contains=vimCommand
 syn match vimVar	      contained	"\<\h[a-zA-Z0-9#_]*\>"
 syn match vimVar		"\<[bwglstav]:\h[a-zA-Z0-9#_]*\>"
@@ -236,7 +236,6 @@
 syn match   vimBehaveBang	contained	"\a\@1<=!" nextgroup=vimBehaveModel skipwhite
 syn keyword vimBehaveModel	contained	mswin	xterm
 
-hi def link vimBehaveBang vimBang
 " Filetypes {{{2
 " =========
 syn match   vimFiletype	"\<filet\%[ype]\(\s\+\I\i*\)*"	skipwhite contains=vimFTCmd,vimFTOption,vimFTError
@@ -312,12 +311,12 @@
 
 " Special Filenames, Modifiers, Extension Removal: {{{2
 " ===============================================
-syn match	vimSpecFile	"<c\(word\|WORD\)>"	nextgroup=vimSpecFileMod,vimSubst
-syn match	vimSpecFile	"<\([acs]file\|amatch\|abuf\)>"	nextgroup=vimSpecFileMod,vimSubst
-syn match	vimSpecFile	"\s%[ \t:]"ms=s+1,me=e-1	nextgroup=vimSpecFileMod,vimSubst
-syn match	vimSpecFile	"\s%$"ms=s+1	nextgroup=vimSpecFileMod,vimSubst
-syn match	vimSpecFile	"\s%<"ms=s+1,me=e-1	nextgroup=vimSpecFileMod,vimSubst
-syn match	vimSpecFile	"#\d\+\|[#%]<\>"	nextgroup=vimSpecFileMod,vimSubst
+syn match	vimSpecFile	"<c\(word\|WORD\)>"	nextgroup=vimSpecFileMod,vimSubst1
+syn match	vimSpecFile	"<\([acs]file\|amatch\|abuf\)>"	nextgroup=vimSpecFileMod,vimSubst1
+syn match	vimSpecFile	"\s%[ \t:]"ms=s+1,me=e-1	nextgroup=vimSpecFileMod,vimSubst1
+syn match	vimSpecFile	"\s%$"ms=s+1		nextgroup=vimSpecFileMod,vimSubst1
+syn match	vimSpecFile	"\s%<"ms=s+1,me=e-1	nextgroup=vimSpecFileMod,vimSubst1
+syn match	vimSpecFile	"#\d\+\|[#%]<\>"		nextgroup=vimSpecFileMod,vimSubst1
 syn match	vimSpecFileMod	"\(:[phtre]\)\+"	contained
 
 " User-Specified Commands: {{{2
@@ -399,33 +398,34 @@
 syn cluster	vimSubstList	contains=vimPatSep,vimPatRegion,vimPatSepErr,vimSubstTwoBS,vimSubstRange,vimNotation
 syn cluster	vimSubstRepList	contains=vimSubstSubstr,vimSubstTwoBS,vimNotation
 syn cluster	vimSubstList	add=vimCollection
-syn match	vimSubst	"\(:\+\s*\|^\s*\||\s*\)\<\%(\<s\%[ubstitute]\>\|\<sm\%[agic]\>\|\<sno\%[magic]\>\)[:#[:alpha:]]\@!" nextgroup=vimSubstPat
-"syn match	vimSubst	"\%(^\|[^\\]\)\<s\%[ubstitute]\>[:#[:alpha:]]\@!"	nextgroup=vimSubstPat contained
-syn match	vimSubst	"\%(^\|[^\\\"']\)\<s\%[ubstitute]\>[:#[:alpha:]\"']\@!"	nextgroup=vimSubstPat contained
-syn match	vimSubst	"/\zs\<s\%[ubstitute]\>\ze/"		nextgroup=vimSubstPat
-syn match	vimSubst	"\(:\+\s*\|^\s*\)s\ze#.\{-}#.\{-}#"		nextgroup=vimSubstPat
-syn match	vimSubst1       contained	"\<s\%[ubstitute]\>"	nextgroup=vimSubstPat
-syn match	vimSubst2       contained	"s\%[ubstitute]\>"	nextgroup=vimSubstPat
-syn region	vimSubstPat     contained	matchgroup=vimSubstDelim start="\z([^a-zA-Z( \t[\]&]\)"rs=s+1 skip="\\\\\|\\\z1" end="\z1"re=e-1,me=e-1	 contains=@vimSubstList	nextgroup=vimSubstRep4	oneline
-syn region	vimSubstRep4    contained	matchgroup=vimSubstDelim start="\z(.\)" skip="\\\\\|\\\z1" end="\z1" matchgroup=vimNotation end="<[cC][rR]>" contains=@vimSubstRepList	nextgroup=vimSubstFlagErr	oneline
-syn region	vimCollection   contained transparent	start="\\\@<!\[" skip="\\\[" end="\]"	contains=vimCollClass
-syn match	vimCollClassErr contained	"\[:.\{-\}:\]"
-syn match	vimCollClass    contained transparent	"\%#=1\[:\(alnum\|alpha\|blank\|cntrl\|digit\|graph\|lower\|print\|punct\|space\|upper\|xdigit\|retu\%[rn]\|tab\|escape\|backspace\):\]"
-syn match	vimSubstSubstr  contained	"\\z\=\d"
-syn match	vimSubstTwoBS   contained	"\\\\"
-syn match	vimSubstFlagErr contained	"[^< \t\r|]\+" contains=vimSubstFlags
-syn match	vimSubstFlags   contained	"[&cegiIlnpr#]\+"
+syn match	vimSubst	"^\s*\%(s\%[ubstitute]\|sm\%[agic]\|sno\%[magic]\)\>[\"#|]\@!"	nextgroup=vimSubstPat
+syn match	vimSubst	"^\s*\%(s\%[ubstitute]\|sm\%[agic]\|sno\%[magic]\)_\@="	nextgroup=vimSubstPat
+syn match	vimSubst	"^\s*\%(s\%[ubstitute]\|sm\%[agic]\>\|sno\%[magic]\)\ze#.\{-}#.\{-}#"	nextgroup=vimSubstPat
+syn match	vimSubst1	contained	"\%(s\%[ubstitute]\|sm\%[agic]\>\|sno\%[magic]\)\>[\"#|]\@!"		nextgroup=vimSubstPat
+syn match	vimSubst1	contained	"\%(s\%[ubstitute]\|sm\%[agic]\>\|sno\%[magic]\)_\@="			nextgroup=vimSubstPat
+syn match	vimSubst1	contained	"\%(s\%[ubstitute]\|sm\%[agic]\>\|sno\%[magic]\)\ze#.\{-}#.\{-}#"		nextgroup=vimSubstPat
+" TODO: Vim9 illegal separators for abbreviated :s form are [-.:], :su\%[...] required
+"     : # is allowed but "not recommended" (see :h pattern-delimiter)
+syn region	vimSubstPat	contained	matchgroup=vimSubstDelim start="\z([!#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{}~]\)"rs=s+1 skip="\\\\\|\\\z1" end="\z1"re=e-1,me=e-1	contains=@vimSubstList	nextgroup=vimSubstRep4	oneline
+syn region	vimSubstRep4	contained	matchgroup=vimSubstDelim start="\z(.\)" skip="\\\\\|\\\z1" end="\z1" matchgroup=vimNotation end="<[cC][rR]>"	contains=@vimSubstRepList	nextgroup=vimSubstFlagErr	oneline
+syn region	vimCollection	contained 	transparent	start="\\\@<!\[" skip="\\\[" end="\]"	contains=vimCollClass
+syn match	vimCollClassErr	contained	"\[:.\{-\}:\]"
+syn match	vimCollClass	contained 	transparent	"\%#=1\[:\(alnum\|alpha\|blank\|cntrl\|digit\|graph\|lower\|print\|punct\|space\|upper\|xdigit\|retu\%[rn]\|tab\|escape\|backspace\):\]"
+syn match	vimSubstSubstr	contained	"\\z\=\d"
+syn match	vimSubstTwoBS	contained	"\\\\"
+syn match	vimSubstFlagErr	contained	"[^< \t\r|]\+" contains=vimSubstFlags
+syn match	vimSubstFlags	contained	"[&cegiIlnpr#]\+"
 
 " 'String': {{{2
 syn match	vimString	"[^(,]'[^']\{-}\zs'"
 
 " Marks, Registers, Addresses, Filters: {{{2
-syn match	vimMark	"'[a-zA-Z0-9]\ze[-+,!]"	nextgroup=vimFilter,vimMarkNumber,vimSubst
-syn match	vimMark	"'[<>]\ze[-+,!]"		nextgroup=vimFilter,vimMarkNumber,vimSubst
-syn match	vimMark	",\zs'[<>]\ze"		nextgroup=vimFilter,vimMarkNumber,vimSubst
-syn match	vimMark	"[!,:]\zs'[a-zA-Z0-9]"	nextgroup=vimFilter,vimMarkNumber,vimSubst
-syn match	vimMark	"\<norm\%[al]\s\zs'[a-zA-Z0-9]"	nextgroup=vimFilter,vimMarkNumber,vimSubst
-syn match	vimMarkNumber	"[-+]\d\+"		contained contains=vimOper nextgroup=vimSubst2
+syn match	vimMark	"'[a-zA-Z0-9]\ze[-+,!]"	nextgroup=vimFilter,vimMarkNumber,vimSubst1
+syn match	vimMark	"'[<>]\ze[-+,!]"		nextgroup=vimFilter,vimMarkNumber,vimSubst1
+syn match	vimMark	",\zs'[<>]\ze"		nextgroup=vimFilter,vimMarkNumber,vimSubst1
+syn match	vimMark	"[!,:]\zs'[a-zA-Z0-9]"	nextgroup=vimFilter,vimMarkNumber,vimSubst1
+syn match	vimMark	"\<norm\%[al]\s\zs'[a-zA-Z0-9]"	nextgroup=vimFilter,vimMarkNumber,vimSubst1
+syn match	vimMarkNumber	"[-+]\d\+"		contained contains=vimOper nextgroup=vimSubst1
 syn match	vimPlainMark contained	"'[a-zA-Z0-9]"
 syn match	vimRange	"[`'][a-zA-Z0-9],[`'][a-zA-Z0-9]"	contains=vimMark	skipwhite nextgroup=vimFilter
 
@@ -761,8 +761,8 @@
 " ====================
 syn match	vimSearch	'^\s*[/?].*'		contains=vimSearchDelim
 syn match	vimSearchDelim	'^\s*\zs[/?]\|[/?]$'	contained
-syn region	vimGlobal	matchgroup=Statement start='\<g\%[lobal]!\=/'  skip='\\.' end='/'	skipwhite nextgroup=vimSubst
-syn region	vimGlobal	matchgroup=Statement start='\<v\%[global]!\=/' skip='\\.' end='/'	skipwhite nextgroup=vimSubst
+syn region	vimGlobal	matchgroup=Statement start='\<g\%[lobal]!\=/'  skip='\\.' end='/'	skipwhite nextgroup=vimSubst1
+syn region	vimGlobal	matchgroup=Statement start='\<v\%[global]!\=/' skip='\\.' end='/'	skipwhite nextgroup=vimSubst1
 
 " Embedded Scripts:  {{{2
 " ================
@@ -982,7 +982,7 @@
  hi def link vimAutoCmdMod	Special
  hi def link vimAutoSet	vimCommand
  hi def link vimBang	vimOper
-  hi def link vimBehaveBang	vimBang
+ hi def link vimBehaveBang	vimBang
  hi def link vimBehaveModel	vimBehave
  hi def link vimBehave	vimCommand
  hi def link vimBracket	Delimiter