diff --git a/runtime/tutor/Makefile b/runtime/tutor/Makefile
index 3c0fe0a..d31729d 100644
--- a/runtime/tutor/Makefile
+++ b/runtime/tutor/Makefile
@@ -13,83 +13,83 @@
 all: $(CONVERTED)
 
 tutor.utf-8: tutor
-	iconv -f ISO-8859-1 -t UTF-8 $< >$@
+	iconv -f ISO-8859-1 -t UTF-8 $? >$@
 
 tutor.bar: tutor.bar.utf-8
-	iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO-8859-1 $< >$@
+	iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO-8859-1 $? >$@
 
 tutor.ca.utf-8: tutor.ca
-	iconv -f ISO-8859-1 -t UTF-8 $< >$@
+	iconv -f ISO-8859-1 -t UTF-8 $? >$@
 
 tutor.eo: tutor.eo.utf-8
-	iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO-8859-3 $< >$@
+	iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO-8859-3 $? >$@
 
 tutor.de.utf-8: tutor.de
-	iconv -f ISO-8859-1 -t UTF-8 $< >$@
+	iconv -f ISO-8859-1 -t UTF-8 $? >$@
 
 tutor.el: tutor.el.utf-8
-	iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO-8859-7 $< >$@
+	iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO-8859-7 $? >$@
 
 tutor.el.cp737: tutor.el.utf-8
-	iconv -f UTF-8 -t CP737 $< >$@
+	iconv -f UTF-8 -t CP737 $? >$@
 
 tutor.es: tutor.es.utf-8
-	iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO-8859-1 $< >$@
+	iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO-8859-1 $? >$@
 
 tutor.fr.utf-8: tutor.fr
-	iconv -f ISO-8859-1 -t UTF-8 $< >$@
+	iconv -f ISO-8859-1 -t UTF-8 $? >$@
 
 tutor.hu: tutor.hu.utf-8
-	iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO-8859-2 $< >$@
+	iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO-8859-2 $? >$@
 
 tutor.hu.cp1250: tutor.hu.utf-8
-	iconv -f UTF-8 -t CP1250 $< >$@
+	iconv -f UTF-8 -t CP1250 $? >$@
 
 tutor.it.utf-8: tutor.it
-	iconv -f ISO-8859-1 -t UTF-8 $< >$@
+	iconv -f ISO-8859-1 -t UTF-8 $? >$@
 
 tutor.hr: tutor.hr.utf-8
-	iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO-8859-2 $< >$@
+	iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO-8859-2 $? >$@
 
 tutor.hr.cp1250: tutor.hr.utf-8
-	iconv -f UTF-8 -t CP1250 $< >$@
+	iconv -f UTF-8 -t CP1250 $? >$@
 
 tutor.ja.sjis: tutor.ja.utf-8
-	iconv -f UTF-8 -t CP932 $< >$@
+	iconv -f UTF-8 -t CP932 $? >$@
 
 tutor.ja.euc: tutor.ja.utf-8
-	iconv -f UTF-8 -t EUC-JP $< >$@
+	iconv -f UTF-8 -t EUC-JP $? >$@
 
 tutor.ko.euc: tutor.ko.utf-8
-	iconv -f UTF-8 -t EUC-KR $< >$@
+	iconv -f UTF-8 -t EUC-KR $? >$@
 
 tutor.nl: tutor.nl.utf-8
-	iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO-8859-1 $< >$@
+	iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO-8859-1 $? >$@
 
 tutor.no.utf-8: tutor.no
-	iconv -f ISO-8859-1 -t UTF-8 $< >$@
+	iconv -f ISO-8859-1 -t UTF-8 $? >$@
 
 # nb is an alias for no
 tutor.nb: tutor.no
-	cp $< $@
+	cp $? $@
 
 tutor.nb.utf-8: tutor.no.utf-8
-	cp $< $@
+	cp $? $@
 
 tutor.ru: tutor.ru.utf-8
-	iconv -f UTF-8 -t KOI8-R $< >$@
+	iconv -f UTF-8 -t KOI8-R $? >$@
 
 tutor.ru.cp1251: tutor.ru.utf-8
-	iconv -f UTF-8 -t CP1251 $< >$@
+	iconv -f UTF-8 -t CP1251 $? >$@
 
 tutor.tr.iso9: tutor.tr.utf-8
-	iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO-8859-9 $< >$@
+	iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO-8859-9 $? >$@
 
 tutor.sv.utf-8: tutor.sv
-	iconv -f ISO-8859-1 -t UTF-8 $< >$@
+	iconv -f ISO-8859-1 -t UTF-8 $? >$@
 
 tutor.zh.utf-8: tutor.zh.big5
-	iconv -f BIG-5 -t UTF-8 $< >$@
+	iconv -f BIG-5 -t UTF-8 $? >$@
 
 clean:
 	for G in $(CONVERTED); do if [ -f $$G ]; then rm -f $$G; fi; done