diff --git a/runtime/doc/eval.txt b/runtime/doc/eval.txt
index b966fd9..5a7e6ec 100644
--- a/runtime/doc/eval.txt
+++ b/runtime/doc/eval.txt
@@ -12236,6 +12236,7 @@
 multi_byte_ime		Compiled with support for IME input method.
 multi_lang		Compiled with support for multiple languages.
 mzscheme		Compiled with MzScheme interface |mzscheme|.
+nanotime		Compiled with sub-second time stamp checks.
 netbeans_enabled	Compiled with support for |netbeans| and connected.
 netbeans_intg		Compiled with support for |netbeans|.
 num64			Compiled with 64-bit |Number| support.
diff --git a/src/auto/configure b/src/auto/configure
index cab7bc9..cd5e593 100755
--- a/src/auto/configure
+++ b/src/auto/configure
@@ -13149,6 +13149,52 @@
 
 fi
 
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for nanoseconds field of struct stat" >&5
+$as_echo_n "checking for nanoseconds field of struct stat... " >&6; }
+if ${ac_cv_struct_st_mtim_nsec+:} false; then :
+  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
+else
+  ac_save_CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS"
+   ac_cv_struct_st_mtim_nsec=no
+   # st_mtim.tv_nsec -- the usual case
+   # st_mtim._tv_nsec -- Solaris 2.6, if
+   #	(defined _XOPEN_SOURCE && _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED == 1
+   #	 && !defined __EXTENSIONS__)
+   # st_mtim.st__tim.tv_nsec -- UnixWare 2.1.2
+   # st_mtime_n -- AIX 5.2 and above
+   # st_mtimespec.tv_nsec -- Darwin (Mac OSX)
+   for ac_val in st_mtim.tv_nsec st_mtim._tv_nsec st_mtim.st__tim.tv_nsec st_mtime_n st_mtimespec.tv_nsec; do
+     CPPFLAGS="$ac_save_CPPFLAGS -DST_MTIM_NSEC=$ac_val"
+     cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
+/* end confdefs.h.  */
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+int
+main ()
+{
+struct stat s; s.ST_MTIM_NSEC;
+  ;
+  return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO"; then :
+  ac_cv_struct_st_mtim_nsec=$ac_val; break
+fi
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext
+   done
+   CPPFLAGS="$ac_save_CPPFLAGS"
+
+fi
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_struct_st_mtim_nsec" >&5
+$as_echo "$ac_cv_struct_st_mtim_nsec" >&6; }
+if test $ac_cv_struct_st_mtim_nsec != no; then
+
+cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
+#define ST_MTIM_NSEC $ac_cv_struct_st_mtim_nsec
+_ACEOF
+
+fi
+
 { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for iconv_open()" >&5
 $as_echo_n "checking for iconv_open()... " >&6; }
 save_LIBS="$LIBS"
diff --git a/src/bufwrite.c b/src/bufwrite.c
index a38fb1c..772d707 100644
--- a/src/bufwrite.c
+++ b/src/bufwrite.c
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@
 check_mtime(buf_T *buf, stat_T *st)
 {
     if (buf->b_mtime_read != 0
-	    && time_differs((long)st->st_mtime, buf->b_mtime_read))
+		  && time_differs(st, buf->b_mtime_read, buf->b_mtime_read_ns))
     {
 	msg_scroll = TRUE;	    // don't overwrite messages here
 	msg_silent = 0;		    // must give this prompt
@@ -2558,6 +2558,7 @@
 	    {
 		buf_store_time(buf, &st_old, fname);
 		buf->b_mtime_read = buf->b_mtime;
+		buf->b_mtime_read_ns = buf->b_mtime_ns;
 	    }
 	}
     }
diff --git a/src/config.h.in b/src/config.h.in
index 0808cc3..61b8b76 100644
--- a/src/config.h.in
+++ b/src/config.h.in
@@ -144,6 +144,9 @@
 /* Define if stat() ignores a trailing slash */
 #undef STAT_IGNORES_SLASH
 
+/* Define to nanoseconds field of struct stat */
+#undef ST_MTIM_NSEC
+
 /* Define if tgetstr() has a second argument that is (char *) */
 #undef TGETSTR_CHAR_P
 
diff --git a/src/configure.ac b/src/configure.ac
index bb77485..3316f48 100644
--- a/src/configure.ac
+++ b/src/configure.ac
@@ -3843,6 +3843,31 @@
 if test "x$vim_cv_stat_ignores_slash" = "xyes" ; then
   AC_DEFINE(STAT_IGNORES_SLASH)
 fi
+
+dnl nanoseconds field of struct stat
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([for nanoseconds field of struct stat],
+  ac_cv_struct_st_mtim_nsec,
+  [ac_save_CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS"
+   ac_cv_struct_st_mtim_nsec=no
+   # st_mtim.tv_nsec -- the usual case
+   # st_mtim._tv_nsec -- Solaris 2.6, if
+   #	(defined _XOPEN_SOURCE && _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED == 1
+   #	 && !defined __EXTENSIONS__)
+   # st_mtim.st__tim.tv_nsec -- UnixWare 2.1.2
+   # st_mtime_n -- AIX 5.2 and above
+   # st_mtimespec.tv_nsec -- Darwin (Mac OSX)
+   for ac_val in st_mtim.tv_nsec st_mtim._tv_nsec st_mtim.st__tim.tv_nsec st_mtime_n st_mtimespec.tv_nsec; do
+     CPPFLAGS="$ac_save_CPPFLAGS -DST_MTIM_NSEC=$ac_val"
+     AC_TRY_COMPILE([#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>], [struct stat s; s.ST_MTIM_NSEC;],
+       [ac_cv_struct_st_mtim_nsec=$ac_val; break])
+   done
+   CPPFLAGS="$ac_save_CPPFLAGS"
+])
+if test $ac_cv_struct_st_mtim_nsec != no; then
+  AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([ST_MTIM_NSEC], [$ac_cv_struct_st_mtim_nsec],
+  [Define if struct stat contains a nanoseconds field])
+fi
   
 dnl Link with iconv for charset translation, if not found without library.
 dnl check for iconv() requires including iconv.h
diff --git a/src/evalfunc.c b/src/evalfunc.c
index 8a06f75..4abbdb9 100644
--- a/src/evalfunc.c
+++ b/src/evalfunc.c
@@ -5479,6 +5479,13 @@
 		0
 #endif
 		},
+	{"nanotime",
+#ifdef ST_MTIM_NSEC
+		1
+#else
+		0
+#endif
+	},
 	{"num64", 1},
 	{"ole",
 #ifdef FEAT_OLE
diff --git a/src/fileio.c b/src/fileio.c
index 1767e5e..63d083e 100644
--- a/src/fileio.c
+++ b/src/fileio.c
@@ -408,6 +408,7 @@
 	{
 	    buf_store_time(curbuf, &st, fname);
 	    curbuf->b_mtime_read = curbuf->b_mtime;
+	    curbuf->b_mtime_read_ns = curbuf->b_mtime_ns;
 	    filesize_disk = st.st_size;
 #ifdef UNIX
 	    /*
@@ -432,7 +433,9 @@
 	else
 	{
 	    curbuf->b_mtime = 0;
+	    curbuf->b_mtime_ns = 0;
 	    curbuf->b_mtime_read = 0;
+	    curbuf->b_mtime_read_ns = 0;
 	    curbuf->b_orig_size = 0;
 	    curbuf->b_orig_mode = 0;
 	}
@@ -2569,6 +2572,7 @@
 	{
 	    buf_store_time(curbuf, &st, fname);
 	    curbuf->b_mtime_read = curbuf->b_mtime;
+	    curbuf->b_mtime_read_ns = curbuf->b_mtime_ns;
 	}
 #endif
     }
@@ -3115,15 +3119,19 @@
 }
 
     int
-time_differs(long t1, long t2)
+time_differs(stat_T *st, long mtime, long mtime_ns UNUSED)
 {
 #if defined(__linux__) || defined(MSWIN)
     // On a FAT filesystem, esp. under Linux, there are only 5 bits to store
     // the seconds.  Since the roundoff is done when flushing the inode, the
     // time may change unexpectedly by one second!!!
-    return (t1 - t2 > 1 || t2 - t1 > 1);
+    return (long)st->st_mtime - mtime > 1 || mtime - (long)st->st_mtime > 1
+# ifdef ST_MTIM_NSEC
+		|| (long)st->ST_MTIM_NSEC != mtime_ns
+# endif
+		;
 #else
-    return (t1 != t2);
+    return (long)st->st_mtime != mtime;
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -4072,7 +4080,7 @@
     if (       !(buf->b_flags & BF_NOTEDITED)
 	    && buf->b_mtime != 0
 	    && ((stat_res = mch_stat((char *)buf->b_ffname, &st)) < 0
-		|| time_differs((long)st.st_mtime, buf->b_mtime)
+		|| time_differs(&st, buf->b_mtime, buf->b_mtime_ns)
 		|| st.st_size != buf->b_orig_size
 #ifdef HAVE_ST_MODE
 		|| (int)st.st_mode != buf->b_orig_mode
@@ -4187,9 +4195,12 @@
 			mesg2 = _("See \":help W16\" for more info.");
 		    }
 		    else
+		    {
 			// Only timestamp changed, store it to avoid a warning
 			// in check_mtime() later.
 			buf->b_mtime_read = buf->b_mtime;
+			buf->b_mtime_read_ns = buf->b_mtime_ns;
+		    }
 		}
 	    }
 	}
@@ -4468,6 +4479,11 @@
 buf_store_time(buf_T *buf, stat_T *st, char_u *fname UNUSED)
 {
     buf->b_mtime = (long)st->st_mtime;
+#ifdef ST_MTIM_NSEC
+    buf->b_mtime_ns = (long)st->ST_MTIM_NSEC;
+#else
+    buf->b_mtime_ns = 0;
+#endif
     buf->b_orig_size = st->st_size;
 #ifdef HAVE_ST_MODE
     buf->b_orig_mode = (int)st->st_mode;
diff --git a/src/memline.c b/src/memline.c
index 6ea860d..bfbf4e2 100644
--- a/src/memline.c
+++ b/src/memline.c
@@ -1032,6 +1032,7 @@
 #endif
 	    buf_store_time(buf, &st, buf->b_ffname);
 	    buf->b_mtime_read = buf->b_mtime;
+	    buf->b_mtime_read_ns = buf->b_mtime_ns;
 	}
 	else
 	{
@@ -1040,7 +1041,9 @@
 	    long_to_char(0L, b0p->b0_ino);
 #endif
 	    buf->b_mtime = 0;
+	    buf->b_mtime_ns = 0;
 	    buf->b_mtime_read = 0;
+	    buf->b_mtime_read_ns = 0;
 	    buf->b_orig_size = 0;
 	    buf->b_orig_mode = 0;
 	}
@@ -2436,6 +2439,9 @@
 	     */
 	    if (mch_stat((char *)buf->b_ffname, &st) == -1
 		    || st.st_mtime != buf->b_mtime_read
+#ifdef ST_MTIM_NSEC
+		    || st.ST_MTIM_NSEC != buf->b_mtime_read_ns
+#endif
 		    || st.st_size != buf->b_orig_size)
 	    {
 		ml_preserve(buf, FALSE);
diff --git a/src/netbeans.c b/src/netbeans.c
index bf47df7..5bd36a4 100644
--- a/src/netbeans.c
+++ b/src/netbeans.c
@@ -1760,7 +1760,10 @@
 	    if (buf == NULL || buf->bufp == NULL)
 		nbdebug(("    invalid buffer identifier in setModtime\n"));
 	    else
+	    {
 		buf->bufp->b_mtime = atoi((char *)args);
+		buf->bufp->b_mtime_ns = 0;
+	    }
 // =====================================================================
 	}
 	else if (streq((char *)cmd, "setReadOnly"))
diff --git a/src/proto/fileio.pro b/src/proto/fileio.pro
index cdf9274..da6054b 100644
--- a/src/proto/fileio.pro
+++ b/src/proto/fileio.pro
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 int msg_add_fileformat(int eol_type);
 void msg_add_lines(int insert_space, long lnum, off_T nchars);
 void msg_add_eol(void);
-int time_differs(long t1, long t2);
+int time_differs(stat_T *st, long mtime, long mtime_ns);
 int need_conversion(char_u *fenc);
 int get_fio_flags(char_u *ptr);
 int get_win_fio_flags(char_u *ptr);
diff --git a/src/structs.h b/src/structs.h
index 0715686..7dac95b 100644
--- a/src/structs.h
+++ b/src/structs.h
@@ -2724,7 +2724,9 @@
     wininfo_T	*b_wininfo;	// list of last used info for each window
 
     long	b_mtime;	// last change time of original file
+    long	b_mtime_ns;	// nanoseconds of last change time
     long	b_mtime_read;	// last change time when reading
+    long	b_mtime_read_ns;  // nanoseconds of last read time
     off_T	b_orig_size;	// size of original file in bytes
     int		b_orig_mode;	// mode of original file
 #ifdef FEAT_VIMINFO
diff --git a/src/testdir/test_stat.vim b/src/testdir/test_stat.vim
index 5cd82b8..b565281 100644
--- a/src/testdir/test_stat.vim
+++ b/src/testdir/test_stat.vim
@@ -76,6 +76,39 @@
   call delete(fname)
 endfunc
 
+func Test_checktime_fast()
+  CheckFeature nanotime
+
+  let fname = 'Xtest.tmp'
+
+  let fl = ['Hello World!']
+  call writefile(fl, fname)
+  set autoread
+  exec 'e' fname
+  let fl = readfile(fname)
+  let fl[0] .= ' - checktime'
+  call writefile(fl, fname)
+  checktime
+  call assert_equal(fl[0], getline(1))
+
+  call delete(fname)
+endfunc
+
+func Test_autoread_fast()
+  CheckFeature nanotime
+
+  new Xautoread
+  set autoread
+  call setline(1, 'foo')
+
+  w!
+  silent !echo bar > Xautoread
+  checktime
+
+  call assert_equal('bar', trim(getline(1)))
+  call delete('Xautoread')
+endfunc
+
 func Test_autoread_file_deleted()
   new Xautoread
   set autoread
diff --git a/src/version.c b/src/version.c
index 31f0015..d1f079c 100644
--- a/src/version.c
+++ b/src/version.c
@@ -758,6 +758,8 @@
 static int included_patches[] =
 {   /* Add new patch number below this line */
 /**/
+    3510,
+/**/
     3509,
 /**/
     3508,