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+*change.txt*    For Vim version 7.0aa.  Last change: 2004 May 08
+
+
+		  VIM REFERENCE MANUAL    by Bram Moolenaar
+
+
+This file describes commands that delete or change text.  In this context,
+changing text means deleting the text and replacing it with other text using
+one command.  You can undo all of these commands.  You can repeat the non-Ex
+commands with the "." command.
+
+1. Deleting text		|deleting|
+2. Delete and insert		|delete-insert|
+3. Simple changes		|simple-change|		*changing*
+4. Complex changes		|complex-change|
+5. Copying and moving text	|copy-move|
+6. Formatting text		|formatting|
+
+For inserting text see |insert.txt|.
+
+==============================================================================
+1. Deleting text					*deleting* *E470*
+
+["x]<Del>	or					*<Del>* *x* *dl*
+["x]x			Delete [count] characters under and after the cursor
+			[into register x] (not |linewise|).  Does the same as
+			"dl".
+			The <Del> key does not take a [count].  Instead, it
+			deletes the last character of the count.
+			See |:fixdel| if the <Del> key does not do what you
+			want.  See |'whichwrap'| for deleting a line break
+			(join lines).  {Vi does not support <Del>}
+
+							*X* *dh*
+["x]X			Delete [count] characters before the cursor [into
+			register x] (not |linewise|).  Does the same as "dh".
+			Also see |'whichwrap'|.
+
+							*d*
+["x]d{motion}		Delete text that {motion} moves over [into register
+			x].  See below for exceptions.
+
+							*dd*
+["x]dd			Delete [count] lines [into register x] |linewise|.
+
+							*D*
+["x]D			Delete the characters under the cursor until the end
+			of the line and [count]-1 more lines [into register
+			x]; synonym for "d$".
+			(not |linewise|)
+
+{Visual}["x]x	or					*v_x* *v_d* *v_<Del>*
+{Visual}["x]d   or
+{Visual}["x]<Del>	Delete the highlighted text [into register x] (for
+			{Visual} see |Visual-mode|).  {not in Vi}
+
+{Visual}["x]CTRL-H   or					*v_CTRL-H* *v_<BS>*
+{Visual}["x]<BS>	When in Select mode: Delete the highlighted text [into
+			register x].
+
+{Visual}["x]X	or					*v_X* *v_D* *v_b_D*
+{Visual}["x]D		Delete the highlighted lines [into register x] (for
+			{Visual} see |Visual-mode|).  In Visual block mode,
+			"D" deletes the highlighted text plus all text until
+			the end of the line.  {not in Vi}
+
+						*:d* *:de* *:del* *:delete*
+:[range]d[elete] [x]	Delete [range] lines (default: current line) [into
+			register x].
+
+:[range]d[elete] [x] {count}
+			Delete {count} lines, starting with [range]
+			(default: current line |cmdline-ranges|) [into
+			register x].
+
+These commands delete text.  You can repeat them with the "." command
+(except ":d") and undo them.  Use Visual mode to delete blocks of text.  See
+|registers| for an explanation of registers.
+
+An exception for the d{motion} command: If the motion is not linewise, the
+start and end of the motion are not in the same line, and there are only
+blanks before the start and after the end of the motion, the delete becomes
+linewise.  This means that the delete also removes the line of blanks that you
+might expect to remain.
+
+Trying to delete an empty region of text (e.g., "d0" in the first column)
+is an error when 'cpoptions' includes the 'E' flag.
+
+							*J*
+J			Join [count] lines, with a minimum of two lines.
+			Remove the indent and insert up to two spaces (see
+			below).
+
+							*v_J*
+{Visual}J		Join the highlighted lines, with a minimum of two
+			lines.  Remove the indent and insert up to two spaces
+			(see below).  {not in Vi}
+
+							*gJ*
+gJ			Join [count] lines, with a minimum of two lines.
+			Don't insert or remove any spaces.  {not in Vi}
+
+							*v_gJ*
+{Visual}gJ		Join the highlighted lines, with a minimum of two
+			lines.  Don't insert or remove any spaces.  {not in
+			Vi}
+
+							*:j* *:join*
+:[range]j[oin][!]	Join [range] lines.  Same as "J", except with [!]
+			the join does not insert or delete any spaces.
+			If a [range] has equal start and end values, this
+			command does nothing.  The default behavior is to
+			join the current line with the line below it.
+			{not in Vi: !}
+
+:[range]j[oin][!] {count}
+			Join {count} lines, starting with [range] (default:
+			current line |cmdline-ranges|).  Same as "J", except
+			with [!] the join does not insert or delete any
+			spaces.
+			{not in Vi: !}
+
+These commands delete the <EOL> between lines.  This has the effect of joining
+multiple lines into one line.  You can repeat these commands (except ":j") and
+undo them.
+
+These commands, except "gJ", insert one space in place of the <EOL> unless
+there is trailing white space or the next line starts with a ')'.  These
+commands, except "gJ", delete any leading white space on the next line.  If
+the 'joinspaces' option is on, these commands insert two spaces after a '.',
+'!' or '?' (but if 'cpoptions' includes the 'j' flag, they insert two spaces
+only after a '.').
+The 'B' and 'M' flags in 'formatoptions' change the behavior for inserting
+spaces before and after a multi-byte character |fo-table|.
+
+
+==============================================================================
+2. Delete and insert				*delete-insert* *replacing*
+
+							*R*
+R			Enter Replace mode: Each character you type replaces
+			an existing character, starting with the character
+			under the cursor.  Repeat the entered text [count]-1
+			times.  See |Replace-mode| for more details.
+
+							*gR*
+gR			Enter Virtual Replace mode: Each character you type
+			replaces existing characters in screen space.  So a
+			<Tab> may replace several characters at once.
+			Repeat the entered text [count]-1 times.  See
+			|Virtual-Replace-mode| for more details.
+			{not available when compiled without the +vreplace
+			feature}
+
+							*c*
+["x]c{motion}		Delete {motion} text [into register x] and start
+			insert.  When  'cpoptions' includes the 'E' flag and
+			there is no text to delete (e.g., with "cTx" when the
+			cursor is just after an 'x'), an error occurs and
+			insert mode does not start (this is Vi compatible).
+			When  'cpoptions' does not include the 'E' flag, the
+			"c" command always starts insert mode, even if there
+			is no text to delete.
+
+							*cc*
+["x]cc			Delete [count] lines [into register x] and start
+			insert |linewise|.  If 'autoindent' is on, preserve
+			the indent of the first line.
+
+							*C*
+["x]C			Delete from the cursor position to the end of the
+			line and [count]-1 more lines [into register x], and
+			start insert.  Synonym for c$ (not |linewise|).
+
+							*s*
+["x]s			Delete [count] characters [into register x] and start
+			insert (s stands for Substitute).  Synonym for "cl"
+			(not |linewise|).
+
+							*S*
+["x]S			Delete [count] lines [into register x] and start
+			insert.  Synonym for "cc" |linewise|.
+
+{Visual}["x]c	or					*v_c* *v_s*
+{Visual}["x]s		Delete the highlighted text [into register x] and
+			start insert (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|).  {not
+			in Vi}
+
+							*v_r*
+{Visual}["x]r{char}	Replace all selected characters by {char}.
+
+							*v_C*
+{Visual}["x]C		Delete the highlighted lines [into register x] and
+			start insert.  In Visual block mode it works
+			differently |v_b_C|.  {not in Vi}
+							*v_S*
+{Visual}["x]S		Delete the highlighted lines [into register x] and
+			start insert (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|).  {not
+			in Vi}
+							*v_R*
+{Visual}["x]R		Currently just like {Visual}["x]S.  In a next version
+			it might work differently. {not in Vi}
+
+Notes:
+- You can end Insert and Replace mode with <Esc>.
+- See the section "Insert and Replace mode" |mode-ins-repl| for the other
+  special characters in these modes.
+- The effect of [count] takes place after Vim exits Insert or Replace mode.
+- When the 'cpoptions' option contains '$' and the change is within one line,
+  Vim continues to show the text to be deleted and puts a '$' at the last
+  deleted character.
+
+See |registers| for an explanation of registers.
+
+Replace mode is just like Insert mode, except that every character you enter
+deletes one character.  If you reach the end of a line, Vim appends any
+further characters (just like Insert mode).  In Replace mode, the backspace
+key restores the original text (if there was any).  (See section "Insert and
+Replace mode" |mode-ins-repl|).
+
+						*cw* *cW*
+Special case: "cw" and "cW" work the same as "ce" and "cE" if the cursor is
+on a non-blank.  This is because Vim interprets "cw" as change-word, and a
+word does not include the following white space.  {Vi: "cw" when on a blank
+followed by other blanks changes only the first blank; this is probably a
+bug, because "dw" deletes all the blanks; use the 'w' flag in 'cpoptions' to
+make it work like Vi anyway}
+
+If you prefer "cw" to include the space after a word, use this mapping: >
+	:map cw dwi
+<
+							*:c* *:ch* *:change*
+:{range}c[hange]	Replace lines of text with some different text.
+			Type a line containing only "." to stop replacing.
+			Without {range}, this command changes only the current
+			line.
+
+==============================================================================
+3. Simple changes					*simple-change*
+
+							*r*
+r{char}			Replace the character under the cursor with {char}.
+			If {char} is a <CR> or <NL>, a line break replaces the
+			character.  To replace with a real <CR>, use CTRL-V
+			<CR>.  CTRL-V <NL> replaces with a <Nul>.
+			{Vi: CTRL-V <CR> still replaces with a line break,
+			cannot replace something with a <CR>}
+			If you give a [count], Vim replaces [count] characters
+			with [count] {char}s.  When {char} is a <CR> or <NL>,
+			however, Vim inserts only one <CR>: "5r<CR>" replaces
+			five characters with a single line break.
+			When {char} is a <CR> or <NL>, Vim performs
+			autoindenting.  This works just like deleting the
+			characters that are replaced and then doing
+			"i<CR><Esc>".
+			{char} can be entered as a digraph |digraph-arg|.
+			|:lmap| mappings apply to {char}.  The CTRL-^ command
+			in Insert mode can be used to switch this on/off
+			|i_CTRL-^|.  See |utf-8-char-arg| about using
+			composing characters when 'encoding' is Unicode.
+
+							*gr*
+gr{char}		Replace the virtual characters under the cursor with
+			{char}.  This replaces in screen space, not file
+			space.  See |gR| and |Virtual-Replace-mode| for more
+			details.  As with |r| a count may be given.
+			{char} can be entered like with |r|.
+			{not available when compiled without the +vreplace
+			feature}
+
+						*digraph-arg*
+The argument for Normal mode commands like |r| and |t| is a single character.
+When 'cpo' doesn't contain the 'D' flag, this character can also be entered
+like |digraphs|.  First type CTRL-K and then the two digraph characters.
+{not available when compiled without the |+digraphs| feature}
+
+						*case*
+The following commands change the case of letters.  The currently active
+|locale| is used.  See |:language|.  The LC_CTYPE value matters here.
+
+							*~*
+~			'notildeop' option: Switch case of the character
+			under the cursor and move the cursor to the right.
+			If a [count] is given, do that many characters. {Vi:
+			no count}
+
+~{motion}		'tildeop' option: switch case of {motion} text. {Vi:
+			tilde cannot be used as an operator}
+
+							*g~*
+g~{motion}		Switch case of {motion} text. {not in Vi}
+
+g~g~							*g~g~* *g~~*
+g~~			Switch case of current line. {not in Vi}.
+
+							*v_~*
+{Visual}~		Switch case of highlighted text (for {Visual} see
+			|Visual-mode|). {not in Vi}
+
+							*v_U*
+{Visual}U		Make highlighted text uppercase (for {Visual} see
+			|Visual-mode|). {not in Vi}
+
+							*gU* *uppercase*
+gU{motion}		Make {motion} text uppercase. {not in Vi}
+			Example: >
+				:map! <C-F> <Esc>gUiw`]a
+<			This works in Insert mode: press CTRL-F to make the
+			word before the cursor uppercase.  Handy to type
+			words in lowercase and then make them uppercase.
+
+
+gUgU							*gUgU* *gUU*
+gUU			Make current line uppercase. {not in Vi}.
+
+							*v_u*
+{Visual}u		Make highlighted text lowercase (for {Visual} see
+			|Visual-mode|).  {not in Vi}
+
+							*gu* *lowercase*
+gu{motion}		Make {motion} text lowercase. {not in Vi}
+
+gugu							*gugu* *guu*
+guu			Make current line lowercase. {not in Vi}.
+
+							*g?* *rot13*
+g?{motion}		Rot13 encode {motion} text. {not in Vi}
+
+							*v_g?*
+{Visual}g?		Rot13 encode the highlighted text (for {Visual} see
+			|Visual-mode|).  {not in Vi}
+
+g?g?							*g?g?* *g??*
+g??			Rot13 encode current line. {not in Vi}.
+
+
+Adding and subtracting ~
+							*CTRL-A*
+CTRL-A			Add [count] to the number or alphabetic character at
+			or after the cursor.  {not in Vi}
+
+							*CTRL-X*
+CTRL-X			Subtract [count] from the number or alphabetic
+			character at or after the cursor.  {not in Vi}
+
+The CTRL-A and CTRL-X commands work for (signed) decimal numbers, unsigned
+octal and hexadecimal numbers and alphabetic characters.  This depends on the
+'nrformats' option.
+- When 'nrformats' includes "alpha", Vim will change the alphabetic character
+  under or after the cursor.  This is useful to make lists with an alphabetic
+  index.
+- When 'nrformats' includes "hex", Vim assumes numbers starting with '0x' or
+  '0X' are hexadecimal.  The case of the rightmost letter in the number
+  determines the case of the resulting hexadecimal number.  If there is no
+  letter in the current number, Vim uses the previously detected case.
+- When 'nrformats' includes "octal", Vim considers numbers starting with a '0'
+  to be octal.  Other numbers are decimal and may have a preceding minus sign.
+  If the cursor is on a number, the commands apply to that number; otherwise
+  Vim uses the number to the right of the cursor.
+
+For numbers with leading zeros (including all octal and hexadecimal numbers),
+Vim preserves the number of characters in the number when possible.  CTRL-A on
+"0077" results in "0100", CTRL-X on "0x100" results in "0x0ff".  Note that
+when 'nrformats' includes "octal", decimal numbers with leading zeros are
+impossible because they are indistinguishable from octal numbers.
+
+The CTRL-A command is very useful in a macro.  Example: Use the following
+steps to make a numbered list.
+
+1. Create the first list entry, make sure it starts with a number.
+2. qa	     - start recording into buffer 'a'
+3. Y	     - yank the entry
+4. p	     - put a copy of the entry below the first one
+5. CTRL-A    - increment the number
+6. q	     - stop recording
+7. <count>@a - repeat the yank, put and increment <count> times
+
+
+SHIFTING LINES LEFT OR RIGHT				*shift-left-right*
+
+							*<*
+<{motion}		Shift {motion} lines one 'shiftwidth' leftwards.
+
+							*<<*
+<<			Shift [count] lines one 'shiftwidth' leftwards.
+
+							*v_<*
+{Visual}[count]<	Shift the highlighted lines [count] 'shiftwidth'
+			leftwards (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|).  {not in
+			Vi}
+
+							*>*
+ >{motion}		Shift {motion} lines one 'shiftwidth' rightwards.
+
+							*>>*
+ >>			Shift [count] lines one 'shiftwidth' rightwards.
+
+							*v_>*
+{Visual}[count]>	Shift the highlighted lines [count] 'shiftwidth'
+			rightwards (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|).  {not in
+			Vi}
+
+							*:<*
+:[range]<		Shift [range] lines one 'shiftwidth' left.  Repeat '<'
+			for shifting multiple 'shiftwidth's.
+
+:[range]< {count}	Shift {count} lines one 'shiftwidth' left, starting
+			with [range] (default current line |cmdline-ranges|).
+			Repeat '<' for shifting multiple 'shiftwidth's.
+
+:[range]le[ft] [indent]	left align lines in [range].  Sets the indent in the
+			lines to [indent] (default 0).  {not in Vi}
+
+							*:>*
+:[range]>		Shift {count} [range] lines one 'shiftwidth' right.
+			Repeat '>' for shifting multiple 'shiftwidth's.
+
+:[range]> {count}	Shift {count} lines one 'shiftwidth' right, starting
+			with [range] (default current line |cmdline-ranges|).
+			Repeat '>' for shifting multiple 'shiftwidth's.
+
+The ">" and "<" commands are handy for changing the indentation within
+programs.  Use the 'shiftwidth' option to set the size of the white space
+which these commands insert or delete.  Normally the 'shiftwidth' option is 8,
+but you can set it to, say, 3 to make smaller indents.  The shift leftwards
+stops when there is no indent.  The shift right does not affect empty lines.
+
+If the 'shiftround' option is on, the indent is rounded to a multiple of
+'shiftwidth'.
+
+If the 'smartindent' option is on, or 'cindent' is on and 'cinkeys' contains
+'#', shift right does not affect lines starting with '#' (these are supposed
+to be C preprocessor lines that must stay in column 1).
+
+When the 'expandtab' option is off (this is the default) Vim uses <Tab>s as
+much as possible to make the indent.  You can use ">><<" to replace an indent
+made out of spaces with the same indent made out of <Tab>s (and a few spaces
+if necessary).  If the 'expandtab' option is on, Vim uses only spaces.  Then
+you can use ">><<" to replace <Tab>s in the indent by spaces (or use
+":retab!").
+
+To move a line several 'shiftwidth's, use Visual mode or the ":" commands.
+For example: >
+	Vjj4>		move three lines 4 indents to the right
+	:<<<		move current line 3 indents to the left
+	:>> 5		move 5 lines 2 indents to the right
+	:5>>		move line 5 2 indents to the right
+
+==============================================================================
+4. Complex changes					*complex-change*
+
+							*!* *filter*
+!{motion}{filter}	Filter {motion} text lines through the external
+			program {filter}.
+
+							*!!*
+!!{filter}		Filter [count] lines through the external program
+			{filter}.
+
+							*v_!*
+{Visual}!{filter}	Filter the highlighted lines through the external
+			program {filter} (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|).
+			{not in Vi}
+
+:{range}![!]{filter} [!][arg]				*:range!*
+			Filter {range} lines through the external program
+			{filter}.  Vim replaces the optional bangs with the
+			latest given command and appends the optional [arg].
+			Vim saves the output of the filter command in a
+			temporary file and then reads the file into the
+			buffer.  Vim uses the 'shellredir' option to redirect
+			the filter output to the temporary file.
+			When the 'R' flag is included in 'cpoptions' marks in
+			the filtered lines are deleted, unless the
+			|:keepmarks| command is used.  Example: >
+				:keepmarks '<,'>!sort
+<			When the number of lines after filtering is less than
+			before, marks in the missing lines are deleted anyway.
+
+							*=*
+={motion}		Filter {motion} lines through the external program
+			given with the 'equalprg' option.  When the 'equalprg'
+			option is empty (this is the default), use the
+			internal formatting function |C-indenting|.  But when
+			'indentexpr' is not empty, it will be used instead
+			|indent-expression|.
+
+							*==*
+==			Filter [count] lines like with ={motion}.
+
+							*v_=*
+{Visual}=		Filter the highlighted lines like with ={motion}.
+			{not in Vi}
+
+A filter is a program that accepts text at standard input, changes it in some
+way, and sends it to standard output.  You can use the commands above to send
+some text through a filter.  Examples of filters are "sort", which sorts lines
+alphabetically, and "indent", which formats C program files (you need a
+version of indent that works like a filter; not all versions do).  The 'shell'
+option specifies the shell Vim uses to execute the filter command (See also
+the 'shelltype' option).  You can repeat filter commands with ".".  Vim does
+not recognize a comment (starting with '"') after the ":!" command.
+
+
+						*:s* *:su* *:substitute*
+:[range]s[ubstitute]/{pattern}/{string}/[&][c][e][g][p][r][i][I] [count]
+			For each line in [range] replace a match of {pattern}
+			with {string}.
+			For the {pattern} see |pattern|.
+			{string} can be a literal string, or something
+			special; see |sub-replace-special|.
+			When [range] and [count] are omitted, replace in the
+			current line only.
+			When [count] is given, replace in [count] lines,
+			starting with the last line in [range].  When [range]
+			is omitted start in the current line.
+			Also see |cmdline-ranges|.
+			See |:s_flags| for the flags.
+
+:[range]s[ubstitute] [c][e][g][p][r][i][I] [count]
+:[range]&[&][c][e][g][p][r][i][I] [count]			*:&*
+			Repeat last :substitute with same search pattern and
+			substitute string, but without the same flags.  You
+			may add extra flags (see |:s_flags|).
+			Note that after ":substitute" the '&' flag can't be
+			used, it's recognized as a pattern separator.
+			The space between ":substitute" and the 'c', 'g' and
+			'r' flags isn't required, but in scripts it's a good
+			idea to keep it to avoid confusion.
+
+:[range]~[&][c][e][g][p][r][i][I] [count]			*:~*
+			Repeat last substitute with same substitute string
+			but with last used search pattern.  This is like
+			":&r".  See |:s_flags| for the flags.
+
+						*&*
+&			Synonym for ":s//~/" (repeat last substitute).  Note
+			that the flags are not remembered, thus it might
+			actually work differently.  You can use ":&&" to keep
+			the flags.
+
+						*g&*
+g&			Synonym for ":%s//~/&" (repeat last substitute on all
+			lines with the same flags).
+			Mnemonic: global substitute. {not in Vi}
+
+						*:snomagic* *:sno*
+:[range]sno[magic] ...	Same as ":substitute", but always use 'nomagic'.
+			{not in Vi}
+
+						*:smagic* *:sm*
+:[range]sm[agic] ...	Same as ":substitute", but always use 'magic'.
+			{not in Vi}
+
+							*:s_flags*
+The flags that you can use for the substitute commands:
+
+[&]	Must be the first one: Keep the flags from the previous substitute
+	command.  Examples: >
+		:&&
+		:s/this/that/&
+<	Note that ":s" and ":&" don't keep the flags.
+	{not in Vi}
+
+[c]	Confirm each substitution.  Vim highlights the matching string (with
+	|hl-IncSearch|).  You can type:				*:s_c*
+	    'y'	    to substitute this match
+	    'l'	    to substitute this match and then quit ("last")
+	    'n'	    to skip this match
+	    <Esc>   to quit substituting
+	    'a'	    to substitute this and all remaining matches {not in Vi}
+	    'q'	    to quit substituting {not in Vi}
+	    CTRL-E  to scroll the screen up {not in Vi, not available when
+			compiled without the +insert_expand feature}
+	    CTRL-Y  to scroll the screen down {not in Vi, not available when
+			compiled without the +insert_expand feature}
+	If the 'edcompatible' option is on, Vim remembers the [c] flag and
+	toggles it each time you use it, but resets it when you give a new
+	search pattern.
+	{not in Vi: highlighting of the match, other responses than 'y' or 'n'}
+
+[e]     When the search pattern fails, do not issue an error message and, in
+	particular, continue in maps as if no error occurred.  This is most
+	useful to prevent the "No match" error from breaking a mapping.  Vim
+	does not suppress the following error messages, however:
+		Regular expressions can't be delimited by letters
+		\ should be followed by /, ? or &
+		No previous substitute regular expression
+		Trailing characters
+		Interrupted
+	{not in Vi}
+
+[g]	Replace all occurrences in the line.  Without this argument,
+	replacement occurs only for the first occurrence in each line.  If
+	the 'edcompatible' option is on, Vim remembers this flag and toggles
+	it each time you use it, but resets it when you give a new search
+	pattern.  If the 'gdefault' option is on, this flag is on by default
+	and the [g] argument switches it off.
+
+[i]	Ignore case for the pattern.  The 'ignorecase' and 'smartcase' options
+	are not used.
+	{not in Vi}
+
+[I]	Don't ignore case for the pattern.  The 'ignorecase' and 'smartcase'
+	options are not used.
+	{not in Vi}
+
+[p]	Print the line containing the last substitute.
+	{not in Vi}
+
+[r]	Only useful in combination with ":&" or ":s" without arguments.  ":&r"
+	works the same way as ":~":  When the search pattern is empty, use the
+	previously used search pattern instead of the search pattern from the
+	last substitute or ":global".  If the last command that did a search
+	was a substitute or ":global", there is no effect.  If the last
+	command was a search command such as "/", use the pattern from that
+	command.
+	For ":s" with an argument this already happens: >
+		:s/blue/red/
+		/green
+		:s//red/   or  :~   or  :&r
+<	The last commands will replace "green" with "red". >
+		:s/blue/red/
+		/green
+		:&
+<	The last command will replace "blue" with "red".
+	{not in Vi}
+
+Note that there is no flag to change the "magicness" of the pattern.  A
+different command is used instead.  The reason is that the flags can only be
+found by skipping the pattern, and in order to skip the pattern the
+"magicness" must be known.  Catch 22!
+
+If the {pattern} for the substitute command is empty, the command uses the
+pattern from the last substitute or ":global" command.  With the [r] flag, the
+command uses the pattern from the last substitute, ":global", or search
+command.
+
+For compatibility with Vi these two exceptions are allowed:
+"\/{string}/" and "\?{string}?" do the same as "//{string}/r".
+"\&{string}&" does the same as "//{string}/".
+							*E146*
+Instead of the '/' which surrounds the pattern and replacement string, you
+can use any other character, but not an alphanumeric character, '\', '"' or
+'|'.  This is useful if you want to include a '/' in the search pattern or
+replacement string.  Example: >
+	:s+/+//+
+
+For the definition of a pattern, see |pattern|.
+
+					*sub-replace-special* *:s\=*
+When the {string} starts with "\=" it is evaluated as an expression, see
+|sub-replace-expression|.  Otherwise these characters in {string} have a
+special meaning:
+
+magic	nomagic	  action    ~
+  &	  \&	  replaced with the whole matched pattern	     *s/\&*
+ \&	   &	  replaced with &
+      \0	  replaced with the whole matched pattern	   *\0* *s/\0*
+      \1	  replaced with the matched pattern in the first
+		  pair of ()					     *s/\1*
+      \2	  replaced with the matched pattern in the first
+		  pair of ()					     *s/\2*
+      ..	  ..						     *s/\3*
+      \9	  replaced with the matched pattern in the ninth
+		  pair of ()					     *s/\9*
+  ~	  \~	  replaced with the {string} of the previous
+		  substitute					     *s~*
+ \~	   ~	  replaced with ~				     *s/\~*
+      \u	  next character made uppercase			     *s/\u*
+      \U	  following characters made uppercase, until \E      *s/\U*
+      \l	  next character made lowercase			     *s/\l*
+      \L	  following characters made lowercase, until \E      *s/\L*
+      \e	  end of \u, \U, \l and \L (NOTE: not <Esc>!)	     *s/\e*
+      \E	  end of \u, \U, \l and \L			     *s/\E*
+      <CR>	  split line in two at this point
+		  (Type the <CR> as CTRL-V <Enter>)		     *s<CR>*
+      \r	  idem						     *s/\r*
+      \<CR>	  insert a carriage-return (CTRL-M)
+		  (Type the <CR> as CTRL-V <Enter>)		     *s/\<CR>*
+      \n	  insert a <NL> (<NUL> in the file)
+		  (does NOT break the line)			     *s/\n*
+      \b	  insert a <BS>					     *s/\b*
+      \t	  insert a <Tab>				     *s/\t*
+      \\	  insert a single backslash			     *s/\\*
+      \x	  where x is any character not mentioned above:
+		  Reserved for future expansion
+
+Examples: >
+  :s/a\|b/xxx\0xxx/g		 modifies "a b"	     to "xxxaxxx xxxbxxx"
+  :s/\([abc]\)\([efg]\)/\2\1/g	 modifies "af fa bg" to "fa fa gb"
+  :s/abcde/abc^Mde/		 modifies "abcde"    to "abc", "de" (two lines)
+  :s/$/\^M/			 modifies "abcde"    to "abcde^M"
+
+Note: In previous versions CTRL-V was handled in a special way.  Since this is
+not Vi compatible, this was removed.  Use a backslash instead.
+
+command		text	result ~
+:s/aa/a^Ma/	aa	a<line-break>a
+:s/aa/a\^Ma/	aa	a^Ma
+:s/aa/a\\^Ma/	aa	a\<line-break>a
+
+(you need to type CTRL-V <CR> to get a ^M here)
+
+The numbering of "\1", "\2" etc. is done based on which "\(" comes first in
+the pattern (going left to right).  When a parentheses group matches several
+times, the last one will be used for "\1", "\2", etc.  Example: >
+  :s/\(\(a[a-d] \)*\)/\2/      modifies "aa ab x" to "ab x"
+
+When using parentheses in combination with '|', like in \([ab]\)\|\([cd]\),
+either the first or second pattern in parentheses did not match, so either
+\1 or \2 is empty.  Example: >
+  :s/\([ab]\)\|\([cd]\)/\1x/g   modifies "a b c d"  to "ax bx x x"
+<
+
+Substitute with an expression			*sub-replace-expression*
+
+When the substitute string starts with "\=" the remainer is interpreted as an
+expression.  This does not work recursively: a substitute() function inside
+the expression cannot use "\=" for the substitute string.
+
+The special meaning for characters as mentioned at |sub-replace-special| does
+not apply except "<CR>", "\<CR>" and "\\".  Thus in the result of the
+expression you need to use two backslashes get one, put a backslash before a
+<CR> you want to insert and use a <CR> without a backslash where you want to
+break the line.
+
+For convenience a <NL> character is also used as a line break.  Prepend a
+backslash to get a real <NL> character (which will be a NUL in the file).
+
+The whole matched text can be accessed with "submatch(0)".  The text matched
+with the first pair of () with "submatch(1)".  Likewise for further
+sub-matches in ().
+
+Be careful: The separation character must not appear in the expression!
+Consider using a character like "@" or ":".  There is no problem if the result
+of the expression contains the separation character.
+
+Example: >
+	:s@\n@\="\r" . expand("$HOME") . "\r"@
+This replaces an end-of-line with a new line containing the value of $HOME.
+
+
+						*:pro* *:promptfind*
+:promptf[ind] [string]
+			Put up a Search dialog.  When [string] is given, it is
+			used as the initial search string.
+			{only for Win32, Motif and GTK GUI}
+
+						*:promptr* *:promptrepl*
+:promptr[epl] [string]
+			Put up a Search/Replace dialog.  When [string] is
+			given, it is used as the initial search string.
+			{only for Win32, Motif and GTK GUI}
+
+							*:ret* *:retab*
+:[range]ret[ab][!] [new_tabstop]
+			Replace all sequences of white-space containing a
+			<Tab> with new strings of white-space using the new
+			tabstop value given.  If you do not specify a new
+			tabstop size or it is zero, Vim uses the current value
+			of 'tabstop'.
+			The current value of 'tabstop' is always used to
+			compute the width of existing tabs.
+			With !, Vim also replaces strings of only normal
+			spaces with tabs where appropriate.
+			With 'expandtab' on, Vim replaces all tabs with the
+			appropriate number of spaces.
+			This command sets 'tabstop' to the new value given,
+			and if performed on the whole file, which is default,
+			should not make any visible change.
+			Careful: This command modifies any <Tab> characters
+			inside of strings in a C program.  Use "\t" to avoid
+			this (that's a good habit anyway).
+			":retab!" may also change a sequence of spaces by
+			<Tab> characters, which can mess up a printf().
+			{not in Vi}
+			Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at
+			compile time.
+
+							*retab-example*
+Example for using autocommands and ":retab" to edit a file which is stored
+with tabstops at 8 but edited with tabstops set at 4.  Warning: white space
+inside of strings can change!  Also see 'softtabstop' option. >
+
+  :auto BufReadPost	*.xx	retab! 4
+  :auto BufWritePre	*.xx	retab! 8
+  :auto BufWritePost	*.xx	retab! 4
+  :auto BufNewFile	*.xx	set ts=4
+
+==============================================================================
+5. Copying and moving text				*copy-move*
+
+							*quote*
+"{a-zA-Z0-9.%#:-"}	Use register {a-zA-Z0-9.%#:-"} for next delete, yank
+			or put (use uppercase character to append with
+			delete and yank) ({.%#:} only work with put).
+
+							*:reg* *:registers*
+:reg[isters]		Display the contents of all numbered and named
+			registers.  {not in Vi}
+
+:reg[isters] {arg}	Display the contents of the numbered and named
+			registers that are mentioned in {arg}.  For example: >
+				:dis 1a
+<			to display registers '1' and 'a'.  Spaces are allowed
+			in {arg}.  {not in Vi}
+
+							*:di* *:display*
+:di[splay] [arg]	Same as :registers.  {not in Vi}
+
+							*y* *yank*
+["x]y{motion}		Yank {motion} text [into register x].  When no
+			characters are to be yanked (e.g., "y0" in column 1),
+			this is an error when 'cpoptions' includes the 'E'
+			flag.
+
+							*yy*
+["x]yy			Yank [count] lines [into register x] |linewise|.
+
+							*Y*
+["x]Y			yank [count] lines [into register x] (synonym for
+			yy, |linewise|).  If you like "Y" to work from the
+			cursor to the end of line (which is more logical,
+			but not Vi-compatible) use ":map Y y$".
+
+							*v_y*
+{Visual}["x]y		Yank the highlighted text [into register x] (for
+			{Visual} see |Visual-mode|).  {not in Vi}
+
+							*v_Y*
+{Visual}["x]Y		Yank the highlighted lines [into register x] (for
+			{Visual} see |Visual-mode|).  {not in Vi}
+
+							*:y* *:yank*
+:[range]y[ank] [x]	Yank [range] lines [into register x].
+
+:[range]y[ank] [x] {count}
+			Yank {count} lines, starting with last line number
+			in [range] (default: current line |cmdline-ranges|),
+			[into register x].
+
+							*p* *put* *E353*
+["x]p			Put the text [from register x] after the cursor
+			[count] times.  {Vi: no count}
+
+							*P*
+["x]P			Put the text [from register x] before the cursor
+			[count] times.  {Vi: no count}
+
+							*<MiddleMouse>*
+["x]<MiddleMouse>	Put the text from a register before the cursor [count]
+			times.  Uses the "* register, unless another is
+			specified.  Using the mouse only works when 'mouse'
+			contains 'n' or 'a'.
+			{not in Vi}
+			If you have a scrollwheel and often accidentally paste
+			text, you can use these mappings to disable the
+			pasting with the middle mouse button: >
+				:map <MiddleMouse> <Nop>
+				:imap <MiddleMouse> <Nop>
+<			You might want to disable the multi-click versions
+			too, see |double-click|.
+
+							*gp*
+["x]gp			Just like "p", but leave the cursor just after the new
+			text.  {not in Vi}
+
+							*gP*
+["x]gP			Just like "P", but leave the cursor just after the new
+			text.  {not in Vi}
+
+							*:pu* *:put*
+:[line]pu[t] [x]	Put the text [from register x] after [line] (default
+			current line).  This always works |linewise|, thus
+			this command can be used to put a yanked block as new
+			lines.
+			The register can also be '=' followed by an optional
+			expression.  The expression continues until the end of
+			the command.  You need to escape the '|' and '"'
+			characters to prevent them from terminating the
+			command.  Example: >
+				:put ='path' . \",/test\"
+<			If there is no expression after '=', Vim uses the
+			previous expression.  You can see it with ":dis =".
+
+:[line]pu[t]! [x]	Put the text [from register x] before [line] (default
+			current line).
+
+["x]]p		    or					*]p* *]<MiddleMouse>*
+["x]]<MiddleMouse>	Like "p", but adjust the indent to the current line.
+			Using the mouse only works when 'mouse' contains 'n'
+			or 'a'.  {not in Vi}
+
+["x][P		    or					*[P*
+["x]]P		    or					*]P*
+["x][p		    or					*[p* *[<MiddleMouse>*
+["x][<MiddleMouse>	Like "P", but adjust the indent to the current line.
+			Using the mouse only works when 'mouse' contains 'n'
+			or 'a'.  {not in Vi}
+
+You can use these commands to copy text from one place to another.  Do this
+by first getting the text into a register with a yank, delete or change
+command, then inserting the register contents with a put command.  You can
+also use these commands to move text from one file to another, because Vim
+preserves all registers when changing buffers (the CTRL-^ command is a quick
+way to toggle between two files).
+
+				*linewise-register* *characterwise-register*
+You can repeat the put commands with "." (except for :put) and undo them.  If
+the command that was used to get the text into the register was |linewise|,
+Vim inserts the text below ("p") or above ("P") the line where the cursor is.
+Otherwise Vim inserts the text after ("p") or before ("P") the cursor.  With
+the ":put" command, Vim always inserts the text in the next line.  You can
+exchange two characters with the command sequence "xp".  You can exchange two
+lines with the command sequence "ddp".  You can exchange two words with the
+command sequence "deep" (start with the cursor in the blank space before the
+first word).  You can use the "']" or "`]" command after the put command to
+move the cursor to the end of the inserted text, or use "'[" or "`[" to move
+the cursor to the start.
+
+						*put-Visual-mode* *v_p* *v_P*
+When using a put command like |p| or |P| in Visual mode, Vim will try to
+replace the selected text with the contents of the register.  Whether this
+works well depends on the type of selection and the type of the text in the
+register.  With blockwise selection it also depends on the size of the block
+and whether the corners are on an existing character. (implementation detail:
+it actually works by first putting the register after the selection and then
+deleting the selection).
+
+							*blockwise-register*
+If you use a blockwise Visual mode command to get the text into the register,
+the block of text will be inserted before ("P") or after ("p") the cursor
+column in the current and next lines.  Vim makes the whole block of text start
+in the same column.  Thus the inserted text looks the same as when it was
+yanked or deleted.  Vim may replace some <Tab> characters with spaces to make
+this happen.  However, if the width of the block is not a multiple of a <Tab>
+width and the text after the inserted block contains <Tab>s, that text may be
+misaligned.
+
+Note that after a characterwise yank command, Vim leaves the cursor on the
+first yanked character that is closest to the start of the buffer.  This means
+that "yl" doesn't move the cursor, but "yh" moves the cursor one character
+left.
+Rationale:	In Vi the "y" command followed by a backwards motion would
+		sometimes not move the cursor to the first yanked character,
+		because redisplaying was skipped.  In Vim it always moves to
+		the first character, as specified by Posix.
+With a linewise yank command the cursor is put in the first line, but the
+column is unmodified, thus it may not be on the first yanked character.
+
+There are nine types of registers:			*registers* *E354*
+1. The unnamed register ""
+2. 10 numbered registers "0 to "9
+3. The small delete register "-
+4. 26 named registers "a to "z or "A to "Z
+5. four read-only registers ":, "., "% and "#
+6. the expression register "=
+7. The selection and drop registers "*, "+ and "~ 
+8. The black hole register "_
+9. Last search pattern register "/
+
+1. Unnamed register ""				*quote_quote* *quotequote*
+Vim fills this register with text deleted with the "d", "c", "s", "x" commands
+or copied with the yank "y" command, regardless of whether or not a specific
+register was used (e.g.  "xdd).  An exception is the '_' register: "_dd does
+not store the deleted text in any register.  Vim uses the contents of this
+register for any put command (p or P) which does not specify a register.
+Additionally you can access it with the name '"'.  This means you have to type
+two double quotes.  Writing to the "" register writes to register "0.
+{Vi: register contents are lost when changing files, no '"'}
+
+2. Numbered registers "0 to "9		*quote_number* *quote0*	*quote1*
+					*quote2* *quote3* *quote4* *quote9*
+Vim fills these registers with text from yank and delete commands.
+   Numbered register 0 contains the text from the most recent yank command,
+unless the command specified another register with ["x].
+   Numbered register 1 contains the text deleted by the most recent delete or
+change command, unless the command specified another register or the text is
+less than one line (the small delete register is used then).  An exception is
+made for these commands: |%|, |(|, |)|, |`|, |/|, |?|, |n|, |N|, |{| and |}|.
+Register "1 is always used then (this is Vi compatible).  The "- register is
+used as well if the delete is within a line.
+   With each successive deletion or change, Vim shifts the previous contents
+of register 1 into register 2, 2 into 3, and so forth, losing the previous
+contents of register 9.
+{Vi: numbered register contents are lost when changing files; register 0 does
+not exist}
+
+3. Small delete register "-				*quote_-* *quote-*
+This register contains text from commands that delete less than one line,
+except when the command specifies a register with ["x].
+{not in Vi}
+
+4. Named registers "a to "z or "A to "Z			*quote_alpha* *quotea*
+Vim fills these registers only when you say so.  Specify them as lowercase
+letters to replace their previous contents or as uppercase letters to append
+to their previous contents.
+
+5. Read-only registers ":, "., "% and "#
+These are '%', '#', ':' and '.'.  You can use them only with the "p", "P",
+and ":put" commands and with CTRL-R.  {not in Vi}
+						*quote_.* *quote.* *E29*
+	".	Contains the last inserted text (the same as what is inserted
+		with the insert mode commands CTRL-A and CTRL-@).  Note: this
+		doesn't work with CTRL-R on the command-line.  It works a bit
+		differently, like inserting the text instead of putting it
+		('textwidth' and other options affect what is inserted).
+							*quote_%* *quote%*
+	"%	Contains the name of the current file.
+							*quote_#* *quote#*
+	"#	Contains the name of the alternate file.
+						*quote_:* *quote:* *E30*
+	":	Contains the most recent executed command-line.  Example: Use
+		"@:" to repeat the previous command-line command.
+		The command-line is only stored in this register when at least
+		one character of it was typed.  Thus it remains unchanged if
+		the command was completely from a mapping.
+		{not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist|
+		feature}
+
+6. Expression register "=				*quote_=* *quote=*
+This is not really a register that stores text, but is a way to use an
+expression in commands which use a register.  The expression register is
+read-only; you cannot put text into it.  After the '=', the cursor moves to
+the command-line, where you can enter any expression (see |expression|).  All
+normal command-line editing commands are available, including a special
+history for expressions.  When you end the command-line by typing <CR>, Vim
+computes the result of the expression.  If you end it with <Esc>, Vim abandons
+the expression.  If you do not enter an expression, Vim uses the previous
+expression (like with the "/" command).  If the "= register is used for the
+"p" command, the string is split up at <NL> characters.  If the string ends in
+a <NL>, it is regarded as a linewise register.  {not in Vi}
+
+7. Selection and drop registers "*, "+ and "~ 
+Use these register for storing and retrieving the selected text for the GUI.
+See |quotestar| and |quoteplus|.  When the clipboard is not available or not
+working, the unnamed register is used instead.  {not in Vi}
+
+Note that there is only a distinction between "* and "+ for X11 systems.  For
+an explanation of the difference, see |x11-selection|.  Under MS-Windows, use
+of "* and "+ is actually synonymous and refers to the |gui-clipboard|.
+
+						*quote_~* *quote~* *<Drop>*
+The read-only "~ register stores the dropped text from the last drag'n'drop
+operation.  When something has been dropped onto Vim, the "~ register is
+filled in and the <Drop> pseudo key is sent for notification.  You can remap
+this key if you want; the default action (for all modes) is to insert the
+contents of the "~ register at the cursor position.  {not in Vi}
+{only available when compiled with the |+dnd| feature, curently only with the
+GTK GUI}
+
+Note: The "~ register is only used when dropping plain text onto Vim.
+Drag'n'drop of URI lists is handled internally.
+
+8. Black hole register "_				*quote_*
+When writing to this register, nothing happens.  This can be used to delete
+text without affecting the normal registers.  When reading from this register,
+nothing is returned.  {not in Vi}
+
+9. Last search pattern register	"/			*quote_/* *quote/*
+Contains the most recent search-pattern.  This is used for "n" and 'hlsearch'.
+It is writable with ":let", you can change it to have 'hlsearch' highlight
+other matches without actually searching.  You can't yank or delete into this
+register.  {not in Vi}
+
+							*@/*
+You can write to a register with a ":let" command |:let-@|.  Example: >
+	:let @/ = "the"
+
+If you use a put command without specifying a register, Vim uses the register
+that was last filled (this is also the contents of the unnamed register).  If
+you are confused, use the ":dis" command to find out what Vim will put (this
+command displays all named and numbered registers; the unnamed register is
+labelled '"').
+
+The next three commands always work on whole lines.
+
+:[range]co[py] {address}				*:co* *:copy*
+			Copy the lines given by [range] to below the line
+			given by {address}.
+
+							*:t*
+:t			Synonym for copy.
+
+:[range]m[ove] {address}			*:m* *:mo* *:move* *E134*
+			Move the lines given by [range] to below the line
+			given by {address}.
+
+==============================================================================
+6. Formatting text					*formatting*
+
+:[range]ce[nter] [width]				*:ce* *:center*
+			Center lines in [range] between [width] columns
+			(default 'textwidth' or 80 when 'textwidth' is 0).
+			{not in Vi}
+			Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at
+			compile time.
+
+:[range]ri[ght] [width]					*:ri* *:right*
+			Right-align lines in [range] at [width] columns
+			(default 'textwidth' or 80 when 'textwidth' is 0).
+			{not in Vi}
+			Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at
+			compile time.
+
+							*:le* *:left*
+:[range]le[ft] [indent]
+			Left-align lines in [range].  Sets the indent in the
+			lines to [indent] (default 0).  {not in Vi}
+			Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at
+			compile time.
+
+							*gq*
+gq{motion}		Format the lines that {motion} moves over.  The
+			'textwidth' option controls the length of each
+			formatted line (see below).  If the 'textwidth' option
+			is 0, the formatted line length is the screen width
+			(with a maximum width of 79).  {not in Vi}
+			The 'formatoptions' option controls the type of
+			formatting |fo-table|.
+			NOTE: The "Q" command formerly performed this
+			function.  If you still want to use "Q" for
+			formatting, use this mapping: >
+				:nnoremap Q gq
+
+gqgq							*gqgq* *gqq*
+gqq			Format the current line.  {not in Vi}
+
+							*v_gq*
+{Visual}gq		Format the highlighted text.  (for {Visual} see
+			|Visual-mode|).  {not in Vi}
+
+							*gw*
+gw{motion}		Format the lines that {motion} moves over.  Similar to
+			|gq| but puts the cursor back at the same position in
+			the text.  However, 'formatprg' is not used.
+			{not in Vi}
+
+Example: To format the current paragraph use:			*gqap*  >
+	gqap
+
+The "gq" command leaves the cursor in the line where the motion command takes
+the cursor.  This allows you to repeat formatting repeated with ".".  This
+works well with "gqj" (format current and next line) and "gq}" (format until
+end of paragraph).  Note: When 'formatprg' is set, "gq" leaves the cursor on
+the first formatted line (as with using a filter command).
+
+If you want to format the current paragraph and continue where you were, use: >
+	gwap
+If you always want to keep paragraphs formatted you may want to add the 'a'
+flag to 'formatoptions'.  See |auto-format|.
+
+If the 'autoindent' option is on, Vim uses the indent of the first line for
+the following lines.
+
+Formatting does not change empty lines (but it does change lines with only
+white space!).
+
+The 'joinspaces' option is used when lines are joined together.
+
+You can set the 'formatprg' option to the name of an external program for Vim
+to use for text formatting.  The 'textwidth' and other options have no effect
+on formatting by an external program.
+
+							*right-justify*
+There is no command in Vim to right justify text.  You can do it with
+an external command, like "par" (e.g.: "!}par" to format until the end of the
+paragraph) or set 'formatprg' to "par".
+
+							*format-comments*
+Vim can format comments in a special way.  Vim recognizes a comment by a
+specific string at the start of the line (ignoring white space).  Three types
+of comments can be used:
+
+- A comment string that repeats at the start of each line.  An example is the
+  type of comment used in shell scripts, starting with "#".
+- A comment string that occurs only in the first line, not in the following
+  lines.  An example is this list with dashes.
+- Three-piece comments that have a start string, an end string, and optional
+  lines in between.  The strings for the start, middle and end are different.
+  An example is the C-style comment:
+	/*
+	 * this is a C comment
+	 */
+
+The 'comments' option is a comma-separated list of parts.  Each part defines a
+type of comment string.  A part consists of:
+	{flags}:{string}
+
+{string} is the literal text that must appear.
+
+{flags}:
+  n	Nested comment.  Nesting with mixed parts is allowed.  If 'comments'
+	is "n:),n:>" a line starting with "> ) >" is a comment.
+
+  b	Blank (<Space>, <Tab> or <EOL>) required after {string}.
+
+  f	Only the first line has the comment string.  Do not repeat comment on
+	the next line, but preserve indentation (e.g., a bullet-list).
+
+  s	Start of three-piece comment
+
+  m	Middle of a three-piece comment
+
+  e	End of a three-piece comment
+
+  l	Left adjust middle with start or end (default).  Only recognized when
+	used together with 's' or 'e'.
+
+  r	Right adjust middle with start or end.  Only recognized when used
+	together with 's' or 'e'.
+
+  O	Don't use this one for the "O" command.
+
+  x	Allows three-piece comments to be ended by just typing the last
+	character of the end-comment string as the first character on a new
+	line, when the middle-comment string has already been inserted
+	automatically.  See below for more details.
+
+  {digits}
+	When together with 's' or 'e': add extra indent for the middle part.
+	This can be used to left-align the middle part with the start or end
+	and then add an offset.
+
+  -{digits}
+	Like {digits} but reduce the indent.  This only works when there is
+	some indent for the start or end part that can be removed.
+
+When a string has none of the 'f', 's', 'm' or 'e' flags, Vim assumes the
+comment string repeats at the start of each line.  The flags field may be
+empty.
+
+Any blank space in the text before and after the {string} is part of the
+{string}, so do not include leading or trailing blanks unless the blanks are a
+required part of the comment string.
+
+When one comment leader is part of another, specify the part after the whole.
+For example, to include both "-" and "->", use >
+	:set comments=f:->,f:-
+
+A three-piece comment must always be given as start,middle,end, with no other
+parts in between.  An example of a three-piece comment is >
+	sr:/*,mb:*,ex:*/
+for C-comments.  To avoid recognizing "*ptr" as a comment, the middle string
+includes the 'b' flag.  For three-piece comments, Vim checks the text after
+the start and middle strings for the end string.  If Vim finds the end string,
+the comment does not continue on the next line.  Three-piece comments must
+have a middle string because otherwise Vim can't recognize the middle lines.
+
+Notice the use of the "x" flag in the above three-piece comment definition.
+When you hit Return in a C-comment, Vim will insert the middle comment leader
+for the new line, e.g. " * ".  To close this comment you just have to type "/"
+before typing anything else on the new line.  This will replace the
+middle-comment leader with the end-comment leader, leaving just " */".  There
+is no need to hit BackSpace first.
+
+Examples: >
+   "b:*"	Includes lines starting with "*", but not if the "*" is
+		followed by a non-blank.  This avoids a pointer dereference
+		like "*str" to be recognized as a comment.
+   "n:>"	Includes a line starting with ">", ">>", ">>>", etc.
+   "fb:-"	Format a list that starts with "- ".
+
+By default, "b:#" is included.  This means that a line that starts with
+"#include" is not recognized as a comment line.  But a line that starts with
+"# define" is recognized.  This is a compromise.
+
+Often the alignment can be changed from right alignment to a left alignment
+with an additional space.  For example, for Javadoc comments, this can be
+used (insert a backslash before the space when using ":set"): >
+	s1:/*,mb:*,ex:*/
+Note that an offset is included with start, so that the middle part is left
+aligned with the start and then an offset of one character added.  This makes
+it possible to left align the start and middle for this construction: >
+	/**
+	 * comment
+	 */
+
+{not available when compiled without the |+comments| feature}
+
+							*fo-table*
+You can use the 'formatoptions' option  to influence how Vim formats text.
+'formatoptions' is a string that can contain any of the letters below.  The
+default setting is "tcq".  You can separate the option letters with commas for
+readability.
+
+letter	 meaning when present in 'formatoptions'    ~
+
+t	Auto-wrap text using textwidth (does not apply to comments)
+c	Auto-wrap comments using textwidth, inserting the current comment
+	leader automatically.
+r	Automatically insert the current comment leader after hitting
+	<Enter> in Insert mode.
+o	Automatically insert the current comment leader after hitting 'o' or
+	'O' in Normal mode.
+q	Allow formatting of comments with "gq".
+	Note that formatting will not change blank lines or lines containing
+	only the comment leader.  A new paragraph starts after such a line,
+	or when the comment leader changes.
+w	Trailing white space indicates a paragraph continues in the next line.
+	A line that ends in a non-white character ends a paragraph.
+a	Automatic formatting of paragraphs.  Every time text is inserted or
+	deleted the paragraph will be reformatted.  See |auto-format|.
+	When the 'c' flag is present this only happens for recognized
+	comments.
+n	When formatting text, recognize numbered lists.  The indent of the
+	text after the number is used for the next line.  The number may
+	optionally be followed by '.', ':', ')', ']' or '}'.  Note that
+	'autoindent' must be set too.  Doesn't work well together with "2".
+	Example: >
+		1. the first item
+		   wraps
+		2. the second item
+2	When formatting text, use the indent of the second line of a paragraph
+	for the rest of the paragraph, instead of the indent of the first
+	line.  This supports paragraphs in which the first line has a
+	different indent than the rest.  Note that 'autoindent' must be set
+	too.  Example: >
+			first line of a paragraph
+		second line of the same paragraph
+		third line.
+v	Vi-compatible auto-wrapping in insert mode: Only break a line at a
+	blank that you have entered during the current insert command.  (Note:
+	this is not 100% Vi compatible.  Vi has some "unexpected features" or
+	bugs in this area.  It uses the screen column instead of the line
+	column.)
+b	Like 'v', but only auto-wrap if you enter a blank at or before
+	the wrap margin.  If the line was longer than 'textwidth' when you
+	started the insert, or you do not enter a blank in the insert before
+	reaching 'textwidth', Vim does not perform auto-wrapping.
+l	Long lines are not broken in insert mode: When a line was longer than
+	'textwidth' when the insert command started, Vim does not
+	automatically format it.
+m	Also break at a multi-byte character above 255.  This is useful for
+	Asian text where every character is a word on its own.
+M	When joining lines, don't insert a space before or after a multi-byte
+	character.  Overrules the 'B' flag.
+B	When joining lines, don't insert a space between two multi-byte
+	characters.  Overruled by the 'M' flag.
+1	Don't break a line after a one-letter word.  It's broken before it
+	instead (if possible).
+
+
+With 't' and 'c' you can specify when Vim performs auto-wrapping:
+value	action	~
+""	no automatic formatting (you can use "gq" for manual formatting)
+"t"	automatic formatting of text, but not comments
+"c"	automatic formatting for comments, but not text (good for C code)
+"tc"	automatic formatting for text and comments
+
+Note that when 'textwidth' is 0, Vim does no formatting anyway (but does
+insert comment leaders according to the 'comments' option).
+
+Note that when 'paste' is on, Vim does no formatting at all.
+
+Note that 'textwidth' can be non-zero even if Vim never performs auto-wrapping;
+'textwidth' is still useful for formatting with "gq".
+
+If the 'comments' option includes "/*", "*" and/or "*/", then Vim has some
+built in stuff to treat these types of comments a bit more cleverly.
+Opening a new line before or after "/*" or "*/" (with 'r' or 'o' present in
+'formatoptions') gives the correct start of the line automatically.  The same
+happens with formatting and auto-wrapping. Opening a line after a line
+starting with "/*" or "*" and containing "*/", will cause no comment leader to
+be inserted, and the indent of the new line is taken from the line containing
+the start of the comment.
+E.g.:
+    /* ~
+     * Your typical comment. ~
+     */ ~
+    The indent on this line is the same as the start of the above
+    comment.
+
+All of this should be really cool, especially in conjunction with the new
+:autocmd command to prepare different settings for different types of file.
+
+Some examples:
+  for C code (only format comments): >
+	:set fo=croq
+< for Mail/news	(format all, don't start comment with "o" command): >
+	:set fo=tcrq
+<
+
+Automatic formatting					*auto-format*
+
+When the 'a' flag is present in 'formatoptions' text is formatted
+automatically when inserting text or deleting text.  This works nice for
+editing text paragraphs.  A few hints on how to use this:
+
+- You need to properly define paragraphs.  The simplest is paragraphs that are
+  separated by a blank line.  When there is no separating blank line, consider
+  using the 'w' flag and adding a space at the end of each line in the
+  paragraphs except the last one.
+
+- You can set the 'formatoptions' based on the type of file |filetype| or
+  specifically for one file with a |modeline|.
+
+- Set 'formatoptions' to "aw2tq" to make text with indents like this:
+
+	    bla bla foobar bla 
+	bla foobar bla foobar bla
+	    bla bla foobar bla 
+	bla foobar bla bla foobar
+
+- Add the 'c' flag to only auto-format comments.  Useful in source code.
+
+And a few warnings:
+
+- When part of the text is not properly separated in paragraphs, making
+  changes in this text will cause it to be formatted anyway.  Consider doing >
+
+	:set fo-=a
+
+- When using the 'w' flag (trailing space means paragraph continues) and
+  deleting the last line of a paragraph with |dd|, the paragraph will be
+  joined with the next one.
+
+- Changed text is saved for undo.  Formatting is also a change.  Thus each
+  format action saves text for undo.  This may consume quite a lot of memory.
+
+- Formatting a long paragraph and/or with complicated indenting may be slow.
+
+
+ vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: