diff --git a/runtime/ftplugin/vim.vim b/runtime/ftplugin/vim.vim
index 575af74..a8636f4 100644
--- a/runtime/ftplugin/vim.vim
+++ b/runtime/ftplugin/vim.vim
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 " Vim filetype plugin
-" Language:	Vim
-" Maintainer:	The Vim Project <https://github.com/vim/vim>
-" Last Change:	2023 Aug 10
+" Language:		Vim
+" Maintainer:		Doug Kearns <dougkearns@gmail.com>
+" Last Change:		2024 Apr 08
 " Former Maintainer:	Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
 
 " Only do this when not done yet for this buffer
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 setlocal keywordprg=:help
 
 " Comments starts with # in Vim9 script.  We have to guess which one to use.
-if "\n" .. getline(1, 10)->join("\n") =~# '\n\s*vim9\%[script]\>'
+if "\n" .. getline(1, 32)->join("\n") =~# '\n\s*vim9\%[script]\>'
   setlocal commentstring=#%s
 else
   setlocal commentstring=\"%s
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/generator/gen_syntax_vim.vim b/runtime/syntax/generator/gen_syntax_vim.vim
index da093ee..d320bdb 100644
--- a/runtime/syntax/generator/gen_syntax_vim.vim
+++ b/runtime/syntax/generator/gen_syntax_vim.vim
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 " Maintainer: Hirohito Higashi (h_east)
 " URL: https://github.com/vim-jp/syntax-vim-ex
 " Last Change: 2024 Apr 07
-" Version: 2.1.0
+" Version: 2.1.1
 
 let s:keepcpo= &cpo
 set cpo&vim
@@ -286,6 +286,7 @@
 	\	'append', 'insert',
 	\	'Next', 'Print', 'X',
 	\	'new', 'popup',
+	\	'vim9script',
 	\ ]
 	" Required for original behavior
 	" \	'global', 'vglobal'
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/generator/vim.vim.base b/runtime/syntax/generator/vim.vim.base
index 9ab923c..7c6a9a0 100644
--- a/runtime/syntax/generator/vim.vim.base
+++ b/runtime/syntax/generator/vim.vim.base
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 let s:keepcpo= &cpo
 set cpo&vim
 
+let s:vim9script = "\n" .. getline(1, 32)->join("\n") =~# '\n\s*vim9\%[script]\>'
+
 " vimTodo: contains common special-notices for comments {{{2
 " Use the vimCommentGroup cluster to add your own.
 syn keyword vimTodo contained	COMBAK	FIXME	TODO	XXX
@@ -156,13 +158,13 @@
 " Numbers {{{2
 " =======
 syn case ignore
-syn match	vimNumber	'\<\d\+\%(\.\d\+\%(e[+-]\=\d\+\)\=\)\='	skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
-syn match	vimNumber	'\<0b[01]\+'			skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
-syn match	vimNumber	'\<0o\=\o\+'			skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
-syn match	vimNumber	'\<0x\x\+'			skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
-syn match	vimNumber	'\<0z\>'			skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
-syn match	vimNumber	'\<0z\%(\x\x\)\+\%(\.\%(\x\x\)\+\)*'	skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
-syn match	vimNumber	'\%(^\|\A\)\zs#\x\{6}'		skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
+syn match	vimNumber	'\<\d\+\%(\.\d\+\%(e[+-]\=\d\+\)\=\)\='	skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,@vimComment
+syn match	vimNumber	'\<0b[01]\+'			skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,@vimComment
+syn match	vimNumber	'\<0o\=\o\+'			skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,@vimComment
+syn match	vimNumber	'\<0x\x\+'			skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,@vimComment
+syn match	vimNumber	'\<0z\>'			skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,@vimComment
+syn match	vimNumber	'\<0z\%(\x\x\)\+\%(\.\%(\x\x\)\+\)*'	skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,@vimComment
+syn match	vimNumber	'\%(^\|\A\)\zs#\x\{6}'		skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,@vimComment
 syn case match
 
 " All vimCommands are contained by vimIsCommand. {{{2
@@ -208,7 +210,7 @@
 
 " Augroup : vimAugroupError removed because long augroups caused sync'ing problems. {{{2
 " ======= : Trade-off: Increasing synclines with slower editing vs augroup END error checking.
-syn cluster vimAugroupList	contains=@vimCmdList,vimFilter,vimFunc,vimLineComment,vimSpecFile,vimOper,vimNumber,vimOperParen,vimComment,vim9Comment,vimString,vimSubst,vimRegister,vimCmplxRepeat,vimNotation,vimCtrlChar,vimFuncVar,vimContinue
+syn cluster vimAugroupList	contains=@vimCmdList,vimFilter,vimFunc,vimLineComment,vimSpecFile,vimOper,vimNumber,vimOperParen,@vimComment,vimString,vimSubst,vimRegister,vimCmplxRepeat,vimNotation,vimCtrlChar,vimFuncVar,vimContinue
 syn match   vimAugroup	"\<aug\%[roup]\>" contains=vimAugroupKey,vimAugroupBang skipwhite nextgroup=vimAugroupBang,vimAutoCmdGroup
 if exists("g:vimsyn_folding") && g:vimsyn_folding =~# 'a'
   syn region  vimAugroup  fold	start="\<aug\%[roup]\>\ze\s\+\%([eE][nN][dD]\)\@!\S\+" matchgroup=vimAugroupKey end="\<aug\%[roup]\>\ze\s\+[eE][nN][dD]\>" contains=vimAutoCmd,@vimAugroupList,vimAugroupkey skipwhite nextgroup=vimAugroupEnd
@@ -299,15 +301,21 @@
 
 syn cluster vimType contains=vimType,vimCompoundType,vimUserType
 
-" Keymaps: (Vim Project Addition) {{{2
+" Keymaps: {{{2
 " =======
 
-" TODO: handle Vim9 script comments when something like #13104 is merged
-syn match  vimKeymapStart	"^"	contained skipwhite nextgroup=vimKeymapLhs,vimKeymapLineComment
+syn match  vimKeymapStart	"^"	contained skipwhite nextgroup=vimKeymapLhs,@vimKeymapLineComment
 syn match  vimKeymapLhs	"\S\+"	contained skipwhite nextgroup=vimKeymapRhs contains=vimNotation
 syn match  vimKeymapRhs	"\S\+"	contained skipwhite nextgroup=vimKeymapTailComment contains=vimNotation
 syn match  vimKeymapTailComment	"\S.*"	contained
-syn match  vimKeymapLineComment	+".*+	contained contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString,vimCommentTitle
+
+" TODO: remove when :" comment is matched in parts as "ex-colon comment" --djk
+if s:vim9script
+  syn match  vim9KeymapLineComment	"#.*"	contained contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString,vim9CommentTitle
+else
+  syn match  vimKeymapLineComment	+".*+	contained contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString,vimCommentTitle
+endif
+syn cluster vimKeymapLineComment contains=vim9\=KeymapLineComment
 
 syn region vimKeymap matchgroup=vimCommand start="\<loadk\%[eymap]\>" end="\%$" contains=vimKeymapStart
 
@@ -323,9 +331,10 @@
 
 " User-Specified Commands: {{{2
 " =======================
-syn cluster	vimUserCmdList	contains=@vimCmdList,vimCmplxRepeat,vimComment,vim9Comment,vimCtrlChar,vimEscapeBrace,vimFunc,vimNotation,vimNumber,vimOper,vimRegister,vimSpecFile,vimString,vimSubst,vimSubstRep,vimSubstRange
+syn cluster	vimUserCmdList	contains=@vimCmdList,vimCmplxRepeat,@vimComment,vimCtrlChar,vimEscapeBrace,vimFunc,vimNotation,vimNumber,vimOper,vimRegister,vimSpecFile,vimString,vimSubst,vimSubstRep,vimSubstRange
 syn keyword	vimUserCommand	contained	com[mand]
-syn match	vimUserCmd	"\<com\%[mand]!\=\>.*$"	contains=vimUserAttrb,vimUserAttrbError,vimUserCommand,@vimUserCmdList,vimComFilter
+syn match	vimUserCmdName	contained	"\<\u\w*\>" nextgroup=vimUserCmdBlock skipwhite
+syn match	vimUserCmd	"\<com\%[mand]!\=\>.*$"	contains=vimUserAttrb,vimUserAttrbError,vimUserCommand,@vimUserCmdList,vimComFilter,vimCmdBlock,vimUserCmdName
 syn match	vimUserAttrbError	contained	"-\a\+\ze\s"
 syn match	vimUserAttrb	contained	"-nargs=[01*?+]"	contains=vimUserAttrbKey,vimOper
 syn match	vimUserAttrb	contained	"-complete="		contains=vimUserAttrbKey,vimOper nextgroup=vimUserAttrbCmplt,vimUserCmdError
@@ -347,20 +356,41 @@
 syn case match
 syn match	vimUserAttrbCmplt contained	"custom,\u\w*"
 
+syn region	vimUserCmdBlock	contained	matchgroup=vimSep start="{" end="}" contains=@vimDefBodyList
+
 " Lower Priority Comments: after some vim commands... {{{2
 " =======================
-syn match	vimComment	excludenl +\s"[^\-:.%#=*].*$+lc=1	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
-syn match	vimComment	+\<endif\s\+".*$+lc=5	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
-syn match	vimComment	+\<else\s\+".*$+lc=4	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
-syn region	vimCommentString	contained oneline start='\S\s\+"'ms=e	end='"'
-" Vim9 comments - TODO: might be highlighted while they don't work
-syn match	vim9Comment	excludenl +\s#[^{].*$+lc=1	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
-syn match	vim9Comment	+\<endif\s\+#[^{].*$+lc=5	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
-syn match	vim9Comment	+\<else\s\+#[^{].*$+lc=4	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
-" Vim9 comment inside expression
-syn match	vim9Comment	+\s\zs#[^{].*$+ms=s+1	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
-syn match	vim9Comment	+^\s*#[^{].*$+	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
-syn match	vim9Comment	+^\s*#$+	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
+syn region	vimCommentString	contained oneline start='\S\s\+"'ms=e end='"'
+
+if s:vim9script
+  syn match	vimComment	excludenl +\s"[^\-:.%#=*].*$+lc=1	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString contained
+  syn match	vimComment	+\<endif\s\+".*$+lc=5	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString contained
+  syn match	vimComment	+\<else\s\+".*$+lc=4	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString contained
+  " Vim9 comments - TODO: might be highlighted while they don't work
+  syn match	vim9Comment	excludenl +\s#[^{].*$+lc=1	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
+  syn match	vim9Comment	+\<endif\s\+#[^{].*$+lc=5	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
+  syn match	vim9Comment	+\<else\s\+#[^{].*$+lc=4	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
+  " Vim9 comment inside expression
+  " syn match	vim9Comment	+\s\zs#[^{].*$+ms=s+1	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
+  " syn match	vim9Comment	+^\s*#[^{].*$+		contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
+  " syn match	vim9Comment	+^\s*#$+		contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
+
+  syn cluster vimComment contains=vim9Comment
+else
+  syn match	vimComment	excludenl +\s"[^\-:.%#=*].*$+lc=1	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
+  syn match	vimComment	+\<endif\s\+".*$+lc=5	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
+  syn match	vimComment	+\<else\s\+".*$+lc=4	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
+  " Vim9 comments - TODO: might be highlighted while they don't work
+  syn match	vim9Comment	excludenl +\s#[^{].*$+lc=1	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString contained
+  syn match	vim9Comment	+\<endif\s\+#[^{].*$+lc=5	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString contained
+  syn match	vim9Comment	+\<else\s\+#[^{].*$+lc=4	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString contained
+  " Vim9 comment inside expression
+  syn match	vim9Comment	+\s\zs#[^{].*$+ms=s+1	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString contained
+  syn match	vim9Comment	+^\s*#[^{].*$+		contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString contained
+  syn match	vim9Comment	+^\s*#$+		contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString contained
+
+  syn cluster vimComment contains=vimComment
+endif
 
 " Environment Variables: {{{2
 " =====================
@@ -450,7 +480,7 @@
 syn match	vimCmplxRepeat	'@[0-9a-z".=@:]\ze\($\|[^a-zA-Z]\>\)'
 
 " Set command and associated set-options (vimOptions) with comment {{{2
-syn region	vimSet		matchgroup=vimCommand start="\<\%(setl\%[ocal]\|setg\%[lobal]\|se\%[t]\)\>" skip="\%(\\\\\)*\\.\n\@!" end="$" end="|" matchgroup=vimNotation end="<[cC][rR]>" keepend contains=vimSetEqual,vimOption,vimErrSetting,vimComment,vim9Comment,vimSetString,vimSetMod
+syn region	vimSet		matchgroup=vimCommand start="\<\%(setl\%[ocal]\|setg\%[lobal]\|se\%[t]\)\>" skip="\%(\\\\\)*\\.\n\@!" end="$" end="|" matchgroup=vimNotation end="<[cC][rR]>" keepend contains=vimSetEqual,vimOption,vimErrSetting,@vimComment,vimSetString,vimSetMod
 syn region	vimSetEqual	contained	start="[=:]\|[-+^]=" skip="\\\\\|\\\s" end="[| \t]"me=e-1 end="$"	contains=vimCtrlChar,vimSetSep,vimNotation,vimEnvvar
 syn region	vimSetString	contained	start=+="+hs=s+1	skip=+\\\\\|\\"+  end=+"+		contains=vimCtrlChar
 syn match	vimSetSep	contained	"[,:]"
@@ -482,9 +512,10 @@
 " =======
 syn match	vimAutoEventList	contained	"\(!\s\+\)\=\(\a\+,\)*\a\+"	contains=vimAutoEvent nextgroup=vimAutoCmdSpace
 syn match	vimAutoCmdSpace	contained	"\s\+"	nextgroup=vimAutoCmdSfxList
-syn match	vimAutoCmdSfxList	contained	"\S*"	skipwhite nextgroup=vimAutoCmdMod
+syn match	vimAutoCmdSfxList	contained	"\S*"	skipwhite nextgroup=vimAutoCmdMod,vimAutoCmdBlock
 syn keyword	vimAutoCmd	au[tocmd] do[autocmd] doautoa[ll]	skipwhite nextgroup=vimAutoEventList
-syn match	vimAutoCmdMod	"\(++\)\=\(once\|nested\)"
+syn match	vimAutoCmdMod	"\(++\)\=\(once\|nested\)"	skipwhite nextgroup=vimAutoCmdBlock
+syn region	vimAutoCmdBlock	contained	matchgroup=vimSep start="{" end="}" contains=@vimDefBodyList
 
 " Echo And Execute: -- prefer strings! {{{2
 " ================
@@ -624,7 +655,7 @@
  syn match	vimSynCcharValue	contained	"\S"
 endif
 
-syn match	vimSyntax	"\<sy\%[ntax]\>"	contains=vimCommand skipwhite nextgroup=vimSynType,vimComment,vim9Comment
+syn match	vimSyntax	"\<sy\%[ntax]\>"	contains=vimCommand skipwhite nextgroup=vimSynType,@vimComment
 syn cluster vimFuncBodyList add=vimSyntax
 
 " Syntax: case {{{2
@@ -713,7 +744,7 @@
 
 " Highlighting: {{{2
 " ============
-syn cluster	vimHighlightCluster		contains=vimHiLink,vimHiClear,vimHiKeyList,vimComment,vim9Comment
+syn cluster	vimHighlightCluster		contains=vimHiLink,vimHiClear,vimHiKeyList,@vimComment
 if !exists("g:vimsyn_noerror") && !exists("g:vimsyn_novimhictermerror")
  syn match	vimHiCtermError	contained	"\D\i*"
 endif
@@ -769,16 +800,21 @@
 
 " Beginners - Patterns that involve ^ {{{2
 " =========
-syn match	vimLineComment	+^[ \t:]*".*$+	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString,vimCommentTitle,vimComment
-syn match	vimLineComment	+^[ \t:]*"\("[^"]*"\|[^"]\)*$+	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString,vimCommentTitle
-syn match	vim9LineComment	+^[ \t:]\+#.*$+	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString,vimCommentTitle
+if s:vim9script
+  syn match	vimLineComment	+^[ \t:]*".*$+	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString,vimCommentTitle contained
+  syn match	vim9LineComment	+^[ \t:]*#.*$+	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString,vim9CommentTitle
+else
+  syn match	vimLineComment	+^[ \t:]*".*$+	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString,vimCommentTitle
+  syn match	vim9LineComment	+^[ \t:]*#.*$+	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString,vim9CommentTitle contained
+endif
 syn match	vimCommentTitle	'"\s*\%([sS]:\|\h\w*#\)\=\u\w*\(\s\+\u\w*\)*:'hs=s+1	contained contains=vimCommentTitleLeader,vimTodo,@vimCommentGroup
-" Note: Look-behind to work around nextgroup skipnl consuming leading whitespace and preventing a match
+syn match	vim9CommentTitle	'#\s*\%([sS]:\|\h\w*#\)\=\u\w*\(\s\+\u\w*\)*:'hs=s+1	contained contains=vim9CommentTitleLeader,vimTodo,@vimCommentGroup
 syn match	vimContinue		"^\s*\zs\\"
 syn match         vimContinueComment	'^\s*\zs["#]\\ .*' contained
 syn cluster	vimContinue contains=vimContinue,vimContinueComment
 syn region	vimString	start="^\s*\\\z(['"]\)" skip='\\\\\|\\\z1' end="\z1" oneline keepend contains=@vimStringGroup,vimContinue
 syn match	vimCommentTitleLeader	'"\s\+'ms=s+1	contained
+syn match	vim9CommentTitleLeader	'#\s\+'ms=s+1	contained
 
 " Searches And Globals: {{{2
 " ====================
@@ -787,6 +823,17 @@
 syn region	vimGlobal	matchgroup=Statement start='\<g\%[lobal]!\=/'  skip='\\.' end='/'	skipwhite nextgroup=vimSubst1
 syn region	vimGlobal	matchgroup=Statement start='\<v\%[global]!\=/' skip='\\.' end='/'	skipwhite nextgroup=vimSubst1
 
+" Vim9 Script Regions: {{{2
+" ==================
+
+if s:vim9script
+  syn cluster vimLegacyTop contains=TOP,vimPreVim9script,vim9Comment,vim9LineComment
+  syn region vimPreVim9script start="\%^" end="^\ze\s*vim9s\%[cript]\>" contains=@vimLegacyTop,vimComment,vimLineComment
+
+  syn keyword vim9ScriptArg noclear
+  syn keyword vimCommand vim9s[cript] nextgroup=vim9ScriptArg skipwhite
+endif
+
 " Embedded Scripts:  {{{2
 " ================
 "   perl,ruby     : Benoit Cerrina
@@ -994,6 +1041,7 @@
   hi def link vimBufnrWarn	vimWarn
  endif
 
+ hi def link vim9ScriptArg	Special
  hi def link vimAbb	vimCommand
  hi def link vimAddress	vimMark
  hi def link vimAugroupBang	vimBang
@@ -1013,6 +1061,7 @@
  hi def link vim9Comment	Comment
  hi def link vimCommentString	vimString
  hi def link vimCommentTitle	PreProc
+ hi def link vim9CommentTitle	PreProc
  hi def link vimCondHL	vimCommand
  hi def link vimConst	vimCommand
  hi def link vimContinue	Special
@@ -1070,6 +1119,7 @@
  hi def link vimHLGroup	vimGroup
  hi def link vimInsert	vimString
  hi def link vimIskSep	Delimiter
+ hi def link vim9KeymapLineComment	vimKeymapLineComment
  hi def link vimKeymapLineComment	vimComment
  hi def link vimKeymapTailComment	vimComment
  hi def link vimLet	vimCommand
@@ -1192,5 +1242,5 @@
 delc VimFoldr
 delc VimFoldt
 let &cpo = s:keepcpo
-unlet s:keepcpo
+unlet s:keepcpo s:vim9script
 " vim:ts=18 fdm=marker ft=vim
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim9_keymap_00.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim9_keymap_00.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1bc96cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim9_keymap_00.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+>v+0#af5f00255#ffffff0|i|m|9|s|c|r|i|p|t| +0#0000000&@64
+@75
+|#+0#0000e05&| |V|i|m| |K|e|y|m|a|p| |f|i|l|e| |f|o|r| |s|y|n|t|a|x| |t|e|s|t|i|n|g| +0#0000000&@38
+@75
+|s+0#af5f00255&|c|r|i|p|t|e|n|c|o|d|i|n|g| +0#0000000&|u|t|f|-+0#af5f00255&|8+0#e000002&| +0#0000000&@54
+@75
+|l+0#af5f00255&|e|t| +0#0000000&|b+0#00e0e07&|:|k|e|y|m|a|p|_|n|a|m|e| +0#0000000&|=+0#af5f00255&| +0#0000000&|"+0#e000002&|s|y|n|t|a|x|-|t|e|s|t|"| +0#0000000&@41
+@75
+|l+0#af5f00255&|o|a|d|k|e|y|m|a|p| +0#0000000&@64
+@75
+|#+0#0000e05&| |L|i|n|e| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t| +0#0000000&@60
+@75
+@2|#+0#0000e05&| |A|n|o|t|h|e|r| |l|i|n|e| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t| +0#0000000&@50
+@75
+|a| |A| @3|B+0#0000e05&|a|s|i|c| |m|a|p@1|i|n|g| +0#0000000&@54
+|'|a| |á| @2|M+0#0000e05&|o|r|e| |t|h|a|n| |o|n|e| |c|h|a|r| |i|n| |f|i|r|s|t| |c|o|l|u|m|n| +0#0000000&@33
+@75
+|#+0#0000e05&| |S|p|e|c|i|a|l| |n|o|t|a|t|i|o|n| +0#0000000&@56
+|<+0#e000e06&|c|h|a|r|-|6|2|>| +0#0000000&@5|B| @14|S+0#0000e05&|p|e|c|i|a|l| |n|o|t|a|t|i|o|n| |a|l@1|o|w|e|d| |i|n| |L|H|S| |-| |d|e|c|i|m|a|l| +0#0000000&@2
+@57|1|,|1| @10|T|o|p| 
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim9_keymap_01.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim9_keymap_01.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d0823f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim9_keymap_01.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+| +0&#ffffff0@74
+|a| |A| @3|B+0#0000e05&|a|s|i|c| |m|a|p@1|i|n|g| +0#0000000&@54
+|'|a| |á| @2|M+0#0000e05&|o|r|e| |t|h|a|n| |o|n|e| |c|h|a|r| |i|n| |f|i|r|s|t| |c|o|l|u|m|n| +0#0000000&@33
+@75
+|#+0#0000e05&| |S|p|e|c|i|a|l| |n|o|t|a|t|i|o|n| +0#0000000&@56
+><+0#e000e06&|c|h|a|r|-|6|2|>| +0#0000000&@5|B| @14|S+0#0000e05&|p|e|c|i|a|l| |n|o|t|a|t|i|o|n| |a|l@1|o|w|e|d| |i|n| |L|H|S| |-| |d|e|c|i|m|a|l| +0#0000000&@2
+|c| @13|<+0#e000e06&|c|h|a|r|-|0|1|0|3|>| +0#0000000&@4|S+0#0000e05&|p|e|c|i|a|l| |n|o|t|a|t|i|o|n| |a|l@1|o|w|e|d| |i|n| |R|H|S| |-| |o|c|t|a|l| +0#0000000&@4
+|<+0#e000e06&|c|h|a|r|-|0|x|0@1|6|4|>| +0#0000000&@1|<+0#e000e06&|c|h|a|r|-|0|x|0@1|4@1|>| +0#0000000&@2|S+0#0000e05&|p|e|c|i|a|l| |n|o|t|a|t|i|o|n| |a|l@1|o|w|e|d| |i|n| |L|H|S| |a|n|d| |R|H|S| |-| |h|e
+|x|a|d|e|c|i|m|a|l| +0#0000000&@65
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8afcbba
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f682d9
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diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim9_legacy_header_99.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim9_legacy_header_99.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d400e31
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_00.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_00.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..852148f
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diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_99.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_99.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e9320c
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_31.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_31.dump
index 07075f7..3711988 100644
--- a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_31.dump
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diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_64.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_commands_64.dump
index 5561d99..bf3df8d 100644
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new file mode 100644
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b0d7c9
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+|}+0#e000e06&| +0#0000000&@73
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+@75
+@57|1|9|,|0|-|1| @7|5|9|%| 
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_comment-vim9_02.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_comment-vim9_02.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7de6ffb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_comment-vim9_02.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+| +0&#ffffff0@74
+|i+0#af5f00255&|f| +0#0000000&|!+0#af5f00255&|e+0#00e0e07&|x|i|s|t|s|(+0#e000e06&|"+0#e000002&|:|D|i|f@1|O|r|i|g|"|)+0#e000e06&| +0#0000000&@51
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+@18|\+0#e000e06&| +0#0000000&||| |w+0#af5f00255&|i|n|c|m|d| +0#0000000&|p+0#af5f00255&| +0#0000000&||| |d+0#af5f00255&|i|f@1|t|h|i|s| +0#0000000&@33
+|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d|i|f| +0#0000000&@69
+> @74
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+|#+0#0000e05&| +0#0000000&|I+0#e000e06&|s@1|u|e|:| +0#0000e05&|#|1@1|3|0|7| |a|n|d| |#|1@1|5|6|0| +0#0000000&@48
+@75
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+|~+0#4040ff13&| @73
+|~| @73
+|~| @73
+|~| @73
+|~| @73
+|~| @73
+|~| @73
+|~| @73
+|~| @73
+| +0#0000000&@56|3|7|,|0|-|1| @7|B|o|t| 
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_comment-vim9_99.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_comment-vim9_99.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8759da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_comment-vim9_99.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+|}+0#e000e06#ffffff0| +0#0000000&@73
+@75
+|a+0#af5f00255&|u|t|o|c|m|d| +0#0000000&|B+0#00e0003&|u|f|N|e|w|F|i|l|e| +0#0000000&|*| |{+0#e000e06&| +0#0000000&@52
+| +0#0000e05&@1|#| |V|i|m|9|-|s|c|r|i|p|t| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t| +0#0000000&@51
+@2|"+0#e000002&|u|s|e|l|e|s@1| |s|t|r|i|n|g|"| +0#0000000&|#+0#0000e05&| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t| +0#0000000&@46
+|}+0#e000e06&| +0#0000000&@73
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+|#+0#0000e05&| +0#0000000&|I+0#e000e06&|s@1|u|e|:| +0#0000e05&|#|1|3|0|4|7| +0#0000000&@59
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+@18|\+0#e000e06&| +0#0000000&||| |w+0#af5f00255&|i|n|c|m|d| +0#0000000&|p+0#af5f00255&| +0#0000000&||| |d+0#af5f00255&|i|f@1|t|h|i|s| +0#0000000&@33
+|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d|i|f| +0#0000000&@69
+@75
+@75
+|#+0#0000e05&| +0#0000000&|I+0#e000e06&|s@1|u|e|:| +0#0000e05&|#|1@1|3|0|7| |a|n|d| |#|1@1|5|6|0| +0#0000000&@48
+@75
+>#+0#0000e05&| |T|h|i|s| |i|s| |w|h|a|t| |w|e| |c|a|l@1| |"| |b|l|a|h| +0#0000000&@45
+@57|4|1|,|1| @9|B|o|t| 
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_comment_00.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_comment_00.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1c1880
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_comment_00.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+>"+0#0000e05#ffffff0| |V|i|m| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t|s| +0#0000000&@60
+@75
+|"+0#0000e05&| |L|e|g|a|c|y|-|s|c|r|i|p|t| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t| +0#0000000&@51
+@75
+|#| |4+0#e000002&|2| +0#0000000&|"+0#0000e05&| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t| +0#0000000&@60
+@75
+|f+0#af5f00255&|u|n|c|t|i|o|n|!| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&@59
+| +0#0000e05&@1|"| |L|e|g|a|c|y|-|s|c|r|i|p|t| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t| +0#0000000&@49
+@2|#| |4+0#e000002&|2| +0#0000000&|"+0#0000e05&| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t| +0#0000000&@58
+|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d|f|u|n|c|t|i|o|n| +0#0000000&@63
+@75
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f|!| +0#0000000&|B|a|r|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&@64
+| +0#0000e05&@1|#| |V|i|m|9|-|s|c|r|i|p|t| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t| +0#0000000&@51
+@2|"+0#e000002&|u|s|e|l|e|s@1| |s|t|r|i|n|g|"| +0#0000000&|#+0#0000e05&| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t| +0#0000000&@46
+|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d@1|e|f| +0#0000000&@68
+@75
+|c+0#af5f00255&|o|m@1|a|n|d| +0#0000000&|-+0#af5f00255&|n+0#e000e06&|a|r|g|s|=+0#af5f00255&|1+0#00e0003&| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|C|o|m@1|a|n|d| |{+0#e000e06&| +0#0000000&@45
+| +0#0000e05&@1|#| |V|i|m|9|-|s|c|r|i|p|t| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t| +0#0000000&@51
+@2|"+0#e000002&|u|s|e|l|e|s@1| |s|t|r|i|n|g|"| +0#0000000&|#+0#0000e05&| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t| +0#0000000&@46
+@57|1|,|1| @10|T|o|p| 
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_comment_01.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_comment_01.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..513f64c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_comment_01.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+| +0&#ffffff0@1|"+0#e000002&|u|s|e|l|e|s@1| |s|t|r|i|n|g|"| +0#0000000&|#+0#0000e05&| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t| +0#0000000&@46
+|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d@1|e|f| +0#0000000&@68
+@75
+|c+0#af5f00255&|o|m@1|a|n|d| +0#0000000&|-+0#af5f00255&|n+0#e000e06&|a|r|g|s|=+0#af5f00255&|1+0#00e0003&| +0#0000000&|F|o@1|C|o|m@1|a|n|d| |{+0#e000e06&| +0#0000000&@45
+| +0#0000e05&@1|#| |V|i|m|9|-|s|c|r|i|p|t| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t| +0#0000000&@51
+@2>"+0#e000002&|u|s|e|l|e|s@1| |s|t|r|i|n|g|"| +0#0000000&|#+0#0000e05&| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t| +0#0000000&@46
+|}+0#e000e06&| +0#0000000&@73
+@75
+|a+0#af5f00255&|u|t|o|c|m|d| +0#0000000&|B+0#00e0003&|u|f|N|e|w|F|i|l|e| +0#0000000&|*| |{+0#e000e06&| +0#0000000&@52
+| +0#0000e05&@1|#| |V|i|m|9|-|s|c|r|i|p|t| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t| +0#0000000&@51
+@2|"+0#e000002&|u|s|e|l|e|s@1| |s|t|r|i|n|g|"| +0#0000000&|#+0#0000e05&| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t| +0#0000000&@46
+|}+0#e000e06&| +0#0000000&@73
+@75
+@75
+|"+0#0000e05&| +0#0000000&|I+0#e000e06&|s@1|u|e|:| +0#0000e05&|#|1|3|0|4|7| +0#0000000&@59
+@75
+|i+0#af5f00255&|f| +0#0000000&|!+0#af5f00255&|e+0#00e0e07&|x|i|s|t|s|(+0#e000e06&|"+0#e000002&|:|D|i|f@1|O|r|i|g|"|)+0#e000e06&| +0#0000000&@51
+@2|c+0#af5f00255&|o|m@1|a|n|d| +0#0000000&|D|i|f@1|O|r|i|g| |v+0#af5f00255&|e|r|t| +0#0000000&|n+0#af5f00255&|e|w| +0#0000000&||| |s+0#af5f00255&|e|t| +0#0000000&|b+0#e000e06&|t|=+0#0000000&|n|o|f|i|l|e| ||+0#af5f00255&| +0#0000000&|r+0#af5f00255&| +0#0000000&|++0#af5f00255&@1|e|d|i|t| +0#0000000&|#| ||| |0+0#e000002&|d+0#0000000&|_| ||| |d+0#af5f00255&|i|f@1|t|h|i|s| +0#0000000&@1
+@18|\+0#e000e06&| +0#0000000&||| |w+0#af5f00255&|i|n|c|m|d| +0#0000000&|p+0#af5f00255&| +0#0000000&||| |d+0#af5f00255&|i|f@1|t|h|i|s| +0#0000000&@33
+@57|1|9|,|3| @9|5|0|%| 
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_comment_02.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_comment_02.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2b6092
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_comment_02.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+| +0&#ffffff0@17|\+0#e000e06&| +0#0000000&||| |w+0#af5f00255&|i|n|c|m|d| +0#0000000&|p+0#af5f00255&| +0#0000000&||| |d+0#af5f00255&|i|f@1|t|h|i|s| +0#0000000&@33
+|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d|i|f| +0#0000000&@69
+@75
+@75
+|"+0#0000e05&| +0#0000000&|I+0#e000e06&|s@1|u|e|:| +0#0000e05&|#|1@1|3|0|7| |a|n|d| |#|1@1|5|6|0| +0#0000000&@48
+> @74
+|"+0#0000e05&| |T|h|i|s| |i|s| |w|h|a|t| |w|e| |c|a|l@1| |"| |b|l|a|h| +0#0000000&@45
+@75
+@75
+|"+0#0000e05&| |I|s@1|u|e| |#| |#|9|5|8|7| +0#0000000&@59
+@75
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&|C|o|m@1|e|n|t|T|i|t|l|e|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&@56
+| +0#0000e05&@1|#| +0#0000000&|T+0#e000e06&|i|t|l|e|:| +0#0000e05&|.@2| +0#0000000&@60
+|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d@1|e|f| +0#0000000&@68
+|~+0#4040ff13&| @73
+|~| @73
+|~| @73
+|~| @73
+|~| @73
+| +0#0000000&@56|3|7|,|0|-|1| @7|B|o|t| 
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_comment_99.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_comment_99.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9bcabe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_ex_comment_99.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+| +0&#ffffff0@74
+|"+0#0000e05&| +0#0000000&|I+0#e000e06&|s@1|u|e|:| +0#0000e05&|#|1|3|0|4|7| +0#0000000&@59
+@75
+|i+0#af5f00255&|f| +0#0000000&|!+0#af5f00255&|e+0#00e0e07&|x|i|s|t|s|(+0#e000e06&|"+0#e000002&|:|D|i|f@1|O|r|i|g|"|)+0#e000e06&| +0#0000000&@51
+@2|c+0#af5f00255&|o|m@1|a|n|d| +0#0000000&|D|i|f@1|O|r|i|g| |v+0#af5f00255&|e|r|t| +0#0000000&|n+0#af5f00255&|e|w| +0#0000000&||| |s+0#af5f00255&|e|t| +0#0000000&|b+0#e000e06&|t|=+0#0000000&|n|o|f|i|l|e| ||+0#af5f00255&| +0#0000000&|r+0#af5f00255&| +0#0000000&|++0#af5f00255&@1|e|d|i|t| +0#0000000&|#| ||| |0+0#e000002&|d+0#0000000&|_| ||| |d+0#af5f00255&|i|f@1|t|h|i|s| +0#0000000&@1
+@18|\+0#e000e06&| +0#0000000&||| |w+0#af5f00255&|i|n|c|m|d| +0#0000000&|p+0#af5f00255&| +0#0000000&||| |d+0#af5f00255&|i|f@1|t|h|i|s| +0#0000000&@33
+|e+0#af5f00255&|n|d|i|f| +0#0000000&@69
+@75
+@75
+|"+0#0000e05&| +0#0000000&|I+0#e000e06&|s@1|u|e|:| +0#0000e05&|#|1@1|3|0|7| |a|n|d| |#|1@1|5|6|0| +0#0000000&@48
+@75
+|"+0#0000e05&| |T|h|i|s| |i|s| |w|h|a|t| |w|e| |c|a|l@1| |"| |b|l|a|h| +0#0000000&@45
+@75
+@75
+|"+0#0000e05&| |I|s@1|u|e| |#| |#|9|5|8|7| +0#0000000&@59
+@75
+|d+0#af5f00255&|e|f| +0#0000000&|C|o|m@1|e|n|t|T|i|t|l|e|(+0#e000e06&|)| +0#0000000&@56
+| +0#0000e05&@1|#| +0#0000000&|T+0#e000e06&|i|t|l|e|:| +0#0000e05&|.@2| +0#0000000&@60
+>e+0#af5f00255&|n|d@1|e|f| +0#0000000&@68
+@57|4|5|,|1| @9|B|o|t| 
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_keymap_01.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_keymap_01.dump
index 9a7a833..a07bfc4 100644
--- a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_keymap_01.dump
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_keymap_01.dump
@@ -17,4 +17,4 @@
 |"+0#0000e05&| |V|i|m|-|s|c|r|i|p|t| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t| |c|h|a|r|a|c|t|e|r|s| @30| +0#0000000&@12
 |#| |<+0#e000e06&|c|h|a|r|-|0|x|0@1|a|3|>| +0#0000000&@15|L+0#0000e05&|i|n|e| |s|h|o|u|l|d| |n|o|t| |m|a|t|c|h| |a|s| |a| |V|i|m|9|-|s|c|r|i|p|t| |c|o|m@1|e
 |n|t| +0#0000000&@72
-@57|1|9|,|1| @9|9|3|%| 
+@57|1|9|,|1| @9|8|7|%| 
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_keymap_99.dump b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_keymap_99.dump
index ad6b5a5..1b27d57 100644
--- a/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_keymap_99.dump
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/dumps/vim_keymap_99.dump
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-|a+0&#ffffff0| |A| @3|B+0#0000e05&|a|s|i|c| |m|a|p@1|i|n|g| @38| +0#0000000&@15
-|'|a| |á| @2|M+0#0000e05&|o|r|e| |t|h|a|n| |o|n|e| |c|h|a|r| |i|n| |f|i|r|s|t| |c|o|l|u|m|n| @10| +0#0000000&@22
-@75
+| +0&#ffffff0@74
 |"+0#0000e05&| |S|p|e|c|i|a|l| |n|o|t|a|t|i|o|n| @56
 @60| +0#0000000&@14
 |<+0#e000e06&|c|h|a|r|-|6|2|>| +0#0000000&@5|B| @14|S+0#0000e05&|p|e|c|i|a|l| |n|o|t|a|t|i|o|n| |a|l@1|o|w|e|d| |i|n| |L|H|S| |-| |d|e|c|i|m|a|l| @2
@@ -15,6 +13,8 @@
 |"+0#0000e05&| |V|i|m|-|s|c|r|i|p|t| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t| |c|h|a|r|a|c|t|e|r|s| @30| +0#0000000&@12
 |#| |<+0#e000e06&|c|h|a|r|-|0|x|0@1|a|3|>| +0#0000000&@15|L+0#0000e05&|i|n|e| |s|h|o|u|l|d| |n|o|t| |m|a|t|c|h| |a|s| |a| |V|i|m|9|-|s|c|r|i|p|t| |c|o|m@1|e
 |n|t| +0#0000000&@72
->\|"| |“| @18|L+0#0000e05&|i|n|e| |s|h|o|u|l|d| |n|o|t| |m|a|t|c|h| |a|s| |a| |l|e|g|a|c|y|-|s|c|r|i|p|t| |c|o|m@1|e|n|t| | +0#0000000&@2
-|~+0#4040ff13&| @73
-| +0#0000000&@56|2|6|,|1| @9|B|o|t| 
+|\|"| |“| @26|L+0#0000e05&|i|n|e| |s|h|o|u|l|d| |n|o|t| |m|a|t|c|h| |a|s| |a| |l|e|g|a|c|y|-|s|c|r|i|p|t| |c|o|m
+@1|e|n|t| | +0#0000000&@69
+>:| |"| @27|L+0#0000e05&|i|n|e| |s|h|o|u|l|d| |n|o|t| |m|a|t|c|h| |a|s| |a| |l|e|g|a|c|y|-|s|c|r|i|p|t| |c|o|m
+@1|e|n|t| +0#0000000&@70
+@57|2|7|,|1| @9|B|o|t| 
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim9_keymap.vim b/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim9_keymap.vim
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a69b723
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim9_keymap.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+vim9script
+
+# Vim Keymap file for syntax testing
+
+scriptencoding utf-8
+
+let b:keymap_name = "syntax-test"
+
+loadkeymap
+
+# Line comment
+
+  # Another line comment
+
+a A    Basic mapping
+'a á   More than one char in first column
+
+# Special notation
+<char-62>      B               Special notation allowed in LHS - decimal
+c              <char-0103>     Special notation allowed in RHS - octal
+<char-0x0064>  <char-0x0044>   Special notation allowed in LHS and RHS - hexadecimal
+
+# Vim-script comment characters
+\# <char-0x00a3>               Line should not match as a Vim9-script comment
+" “                            Line should not match as a legacy-script comment
+: #                            Line should not match as a Vim9-script comment
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim9_legacy_header.vim b/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim9_legacy_header.vim
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66aeb39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim9_legacy_header.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+" comment
+
+if !has('vim9script')
+  # 42 " comment
+  source foo.vim
+  finish
+endif
+
+" comment
+
+vim9script noclear
+
+# comment
+
+ # string only recognised with leading char
+ "useless string"
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_ex_commands.vim b/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_ex_commands.vim
index 571fd7b..aaa351b 100644
--- a/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_ex_commands.vim
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_ex_commands.vim
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@
 :verbose
 :vertical
 :vim9cmd
-:vim9script
+" :vim9script
 :vimgrep
 :vimgrepadd
 :visual
@@ -1152,7 +1152,7 @@
 call Foo() | verbose
 call Foo() | vertical
 call Foo() | vim9cmd
-call Foo() | vim9script
+" call Foo() | vim9script
 call Foo() | vimgrep
 call Foo() | vimgrepadd
 call Foo() | visual
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_ex_comment-vim9.vim b/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_ex_comment-vim9.vim
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..786d11b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_ex_comment-vim9.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+vim9script
+
+# Vim comments
+
+# Vim9-script comment
+
+ # string only recognised with leading char
+ "useless string"
+
+function! Foo()
+  " Legacy-script comment
+  # 42 " comment
+endfunction
+
+def! Bar()
+  # Vim9-script comment
+  "useless string" # comment
+enddef
+
+command -count FooCommand {
+  # Vim9-script comment
+  "useless string" # comment
+}
+
+autocmd BufNewFile * {
+  # Vim9-script comment
+  "useless string" # comment
+}
+
+
+# Issue: #13047
+
+if !exists(":DiffOrig")
+  command DiffOrig vert new | set bt=nofile | r ++edit %% | 0d_ | diffthis
+		  \ | wincmd p | diffthis
+endif
+
+
+# Issue: #11307 and #11560
+
+# This is what we call " blah
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_ex_comment.vim b/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_ex_comment.vim
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54e514e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_ex_comment.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+" Vim comments
+
+" Legacy-script comment
+
+# 42 " comment
+
+function! Foo()
+  " Legacy-script comment
+  # 42 " comment
+endfunction
+
+def! Bar()
+  # Vim9-script comment
+  "useless string" # comment
+enddef
+
+command -nargs=1 FooCommand {
+  # Vim9-script comment
+  "useless string" # comment
+}
+
+autocmd BufNewFile * {
+  # Vim9-script comment
+  "useless string" # comment
+}
+
+
+" Issue: #13047
+
+if !exists(":DiffOrig")
+  command DiffOrig vert new | set bt=nofile | r ++edit # | 0d_ | diffthis
+		  \ | wincmd p | diffthis
+endif
+
+
+" Issue: #11307 and #11560
+
+" This is what we call " blah
+
+
+" Issue # #9587
+
+def CommentTitle()
+  # Title: ...
+enddef
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_keymap.vim b/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_keymap.vim
index 983c822..424d437 100644
--- a/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_keymap.vim
+++ b/runtime/syntax/testdir/input/vim_keymap.vim
@@ -23,4 +23,5 @@
                                          
 " Vim-script comment characters                               
 # <char-0x00a3>                Line should not match as a Vim9-script comment
-\" “                   Line should not match as a legacy-script comment 
+\" “                           Line should not match as a legacy-script comment 
+: "                            Line should not match as a legacy-script comment
diff --git a/runtime/syntax/vim.vim b/runtime/syntax/vim.vim
index cfb94ae..c016703 100644
--- a/runtime/syntax/vim.vim
+++ b/runtime/syntax/vim.vim
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 " Maintainer:	   Hirohito Higashi <h.east.727 ATMARK gmail.com>
 "	   Doug Kearns <dougkearns@gmail.com>
 " URL:	   https://github.com/vim-jp/syntax-vim-ex
-" Last Change:	   2024 Apr 09
+" Last Change:	   2024 Apr 11
 " Former Maintainer: Charles E. Campbell
 
 " DO NOT CHANGE DIRECTLY.
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 let s:keepcpo= &cpo
 set cpo&vim
 
+let s:vim9script = "\n" .. getline(1, 32)->join("\n") =~# '\n\s*vim9\%[script]\>'
+
 " vimTodo: contains common special-notices for comments {{{2
 " Use the vimCommentGroup cluster to add your own.
 syn keyword vimTodo contained	COMBAK	FIXME	TODO	XXX
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@
 syn keyword vimCommand contained helpg[rep] helpt[ags] ha[rdcopy] hi[ghlight] hid[e] his[tory] ho[rizontal] if ij[ump] il[ist] imp[ort] int[ro] inte[rface] is[earch] isp[lit] j[oin] ju[mps] k kee[pmarks] keepj[umps] keepp[atterns] keepa[lt] l[ist] lN[ext] lNf[ile] la[st] lab[ove] lan[guage] lad[dexpr] laddb[uffer] laddf[ile] laf[ter] lat[er] lb[uffer] lbe[fore] lbel[ow] lbo[ttom] lc[d] lch[dir] lcl[ose] lcs[cope] ld[o] le[ft] lefta[bove] let lex[pr] leg[acy] lf[ile] lfd[o] lfir[st] lg[etfile] lgetb[uffer] lgete[xpr] lgr[ep] lgrepa[dd] lh[elpgrep] lhi[story] ll lla[st] lli[st] lmak[e] lne[xt] lnew[er] lnf[ile] lo[adview] loadk[eymap] loc[kmarks] lockv[ar] lol[der] lop[en] lp[revious] lpf[ile] lr[ewind] lt[ag] lua luad[o] luaf[ile] lv[imgrep] lvimgrepa[dd] lw[indow]
 syn keyword vimCommand contained ls m[ove] ma[rk] mak[e] marks mat[ch] menut[ranslate] mes[sages] mk[exrc] mks[ession] mksp[ell] mkv[imrc] mkvie[w] mod[e] mz[scheme] mzf[ile] n[ext] nb[key] nbc[lose] nbs[tart] noa[utocmd] noh[lsearch] nos[wapfile] nu[mber] o[pen] ol[dfiles] on[ly] opt[ions] ow[nsyntax] p[rint] pa[ckadd] packl[oadall] pc[lose] pe[rl] perld[o] ped[it] po[p] pp[op] pre[serve] prev[ious] pro[mptfind] promptr[epl] prof[ile] profd[el] ps[earch] pt[ag] ptN[ext] ptf[irst] ptj[ump] ptl[ast] ptn[ext] ptp[revious] ptr[ewind] pts[elect] pu[t] pub[lic] pw[d] py[thon] pyd[o] pyf[ile] py3 py3d[o] python3 py3f[ile] pyx pyxd[o] pythonx pyxf[ile] q[uit] quita[ll] qa[ll] r[ead] rec[over] red[o] redi[r] redr[aw] redraws[tatus] redrawt[abline] reg[isters] res[ize]
 syn keyword vimCommand contained ret[ab] retu[rn] rew[ind] ri[ght] rightb[elow] ru[ntime] rub[y] rubyd[o] rubyf[ile] rund[o] rv[iminfo] sN[ext] sa[rgument] sal[l] san[dbox] sav[eas] sb[uffer] sbN[ext] sba[ll] sbf[irst] sbl[ast] sbm[odified] sbn[ext] sbp[revious] sbr[ewind] sc[riptnames] scripte[ncoding] scriptv[ersion] scs[cope] setf[iletype] sf[ind] sfir[st] sh[ell] si[malt] sig[n] sil[ent] sl[eep] sla[st] sn[ext] so[urce] sor[t] sp[lit] spe[llgood] spelld[ump] spelli[nfo] spellr[epall] spellra[re] spellu[ndo] spellw[rong] spr[evious] sr[ewind] st[op] sta[g] star[tinsert] startg[replace] startr[eplace] stat[ic] stopi[nsert] stj[ump] sts[elect] sun[hide] sus[pend] sv[iew] sw[apname] synti[me] sync[bind] smi[le] t tN[ext] ta[g] tags tab tabc[lose] tabd[o] tabe[dit]
-syn keyword vimCommand contained tabf[ind] tabfir[st] tabm[ove] tabl[ast] tabn[ext] tabnew tabo[nly] tabp[revious] tabN[ext] tabr[ewind] tabs tc[d] tch[dir] tcl tcld[o] tclf[ile] te[aroff] ter[minal] tf[irst] th[row] thi[s] tj[ump] tl[ast] tn[ext] to[pleft] tp[revious] tr[ewind] try ts[elect] ty[pe] u[ndo] undoj[oin] undol[ist] unh[ide] unl[et] unlo[ckvar] uns[ilent] up[date] v[global] ve[rsion] verb[ose] vert[ical] vi[sual] vie[w] vim[grep] vimgrepa[dd] vim9[cmd] vim9s[cript] viu[sage] vne[w] vs[plit] w[rite] wN[ext] wa[ll] wh[ile] wi[nsize] winc[md] wind[o] winp[os] wn[ext] wp[revious] wq wqa[ll] wu[ndo] wv[iminfo] x[it] xa[ll] xr[estore] y[ank] z dl dell delel deletl deletel dp dep delp delep deletp deletep a i
+syn keyword vimCommand contained tabf[ind] tabfir[st] tabm[ove] tabl[ast] tabn[ext] tabnew tabo[nly] tabp[revious] tabN[ext] tabr[ewind] tabs tc[d] tch[dir] tcl tcld[o] tclf[ile] te[aroff] ter[minal] tf[irst] th[row] thi[s] tj[ump] tl[ast] tn[ext] to[pleft] tp[revious] tr[ewind] try ts[elect] ty[pe] u[ndo] undoj[oin] undol[ist] unh[ide] unl[et] unlo[ckvar] uns[ilent] up[date] v[global] ve[rsion] verb[ose] vert[ical] vi[sual] vie[w] vim[grep] vimgrepa[dd] vim9[cmd] viu[sage] vne[w] vs[plit] w[rite] wN[ext] wa[ll] wh[ile] wi[nsize] winc[md] wind[o] winp[os] wn[ext] wp[revious] wq wqa[ll] wu[ndo] wv[iminfo] x[it] xa[ll] xr[estore] y[ank] z dl dell delel deletl deletel dp dep delp delep deletp deletep a i
 
 syn keyword vimCommand contained	2mat[ch] 3mat[ch]
 
@@ -193,13 +195,13 @@
 " Numbers {{{2
 " =======
 syn case ignore
-syn match	vimNumber	'\<\d\+\%(\.\d\+\%(e[+-]\=\d\+\)\=\)\='	skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
-syn match	vimNumber	'\<0b[01]\+'			skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
-syn match	vimNumber	'\<0o\=\o\+'			skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
-syn match	vimNumber	'\<0x\x\+'			skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
-syn match	vimNumber	'\<0z\>'			skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
-syn match	vimNumber	'\<0z\%(\x\x\)\+\%(\.\%(\x\x\)\+\)*'	skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
-syn match	vimNumber	'\%(^\|\A\)\zs#\x\{6}'		skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,vimComment,vim9Comment
+syn match	vimNumber	'\<\d\+\%(\.\d\+\%(e[+-]\=\d\+\)\=\)\='	skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,@vimComment
+syn match	vimNumber	'\<0b[01]\+'			skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,@vimComment
+syn match	vimNumber	'\<0o\=\o\+'			skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,@vimComment
+syn match	vimNumber	'\<0x\x\+'			skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,@vimComment
+syn match	vimNumber	'\<0z\>'			skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,@vimComment
+syn match	vimNumber	'\<0z\%(\x\x\)\+\%(\.\%(\x\x\)\+\)*'	skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,@vimComment
+syn match	vimNumber	'\%(^\|\A\)\zs#\x\{6}'		skipwhite nextgroup=vimGlobal,vimSubst1,vimCommand,@vimComment
 syn case match
 
 " All vimCommands are contained by vimIsCommand. {{{2
@@ -245,7 +247,7 @@
 
 " Augroup : vimAugroupError removed because long augroups caused sync'ing problems. {{{2
 " ======= : Trade-off: Increasing synclines with slower editing vs augroup END error checking.
-syn cluster vimAugroupList	contains=@vimCmdList,vimFilter,vimFunc,vimLineComment,vimSpecFile,vimOper,vimNumber,vimOperParen,vimComment,vim9Comment,vimString,vimSubst,vimRegister,vimCmplxRepeat,vimNotation,vimCtrlChar,vimFuncVar,vimContinue
+syn cluster vimAugroupList	contains=@vimCmdList,vimFilter,vimFunc,vimLineComment,vimSpecFile,vimOper,vimNumber,vimOperParen,@vimComment,vimString,vimSubst,vimRegister,vimCmplxRepeat,vimNotation,vimCtrlChar,vimFuncVar,vimContinue
 syn match   vimAugroup	"\<aug\%[roup]\>" contains=vimAugroupKey,vimAugroupBang skipwhite nextgroup=vimAugroupBang,vimAutoCmdGroup
 if exists("g:vimsyn_folding") && g:vimsyn_folding =~# 'a'
   syn region  vimAugroup  fold	start="\<aug\%[roup]\>\ze\s\+\%([eE][nN][dD]\)\@!\S\+" matchgroup=vimAugroupKey end="\<aug\%[roup]\>\ze\s\+[eE][nN][dD]\>" contains=vimAutoCmd,@vimAugroupList,vimAugroupkey skipwhite nextgroup=vimAugroupEnd
@@ -336,15 +338,21 @@
 
 syn cluster vimType contains=vimType,vimCompoundType,vimUserType
 
-" Keymaps: (Vim Project Addition) {{{2
+" Keymaps: {{{2
 " =======
 
-" TODO: handle Vim9 script comments when something like #13104 is merged
-syn match  vimKeymapStart	"^"	contained skipwhite nextgroup=vimKeymapLhs,vimKeymapLineComment
+syn match  vimKeymapStart	"^"	contained skipwhite nextgroup=vimKeymapLhs,@vimKeymapLineComment
 syn match  vimKeymapLhs	"\S\+"	contained skipwhite nextgroup=vimKeymapRhs contains=vimNotation
 syn match  vimKeymapRhs	"\S\+"	contained skipwhite nextgroup=vimKeymapTailComment contains=vimNotation
 syn match  vimKeymapTailComment	"\S.*"	contained
-syn match  vimKeymapLineComment	+".*+	contained contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString,vimCommentTitle
+
+" TODO: remove when :" comment is matched in parts as "ex-colon comment" --djk
+if s:vim9script
+  syn match  vim9KeymapLineComment	"#.*"	contained contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString,vim9CommentTitle
+else
+  syn match  vimKeymapLineComment	+".*+	contained contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString,vimCommentTitle
+endif
+syn cluster vimKeymapLineComment contains=vim9\=KeymapLineComment
 
 syn region vimKeymap matchgroup=vimCommand start="\<loadk\%[eymap]\>" end="\%$" contains=vimKeymapStart
 
@@ -360,9 +368,10 @@
 
 " User-Specified Commands: {{{2
 " =======================
-syn cluster	vimUserCmdList	contains=@vimCmdList,vimCmplxRepeat,vimComment,vim9Comment,vimCtrlChar,vimEscapeBrace,vimFunc,vimNotation,vimNumber,vimOper,vimRegister,vimSpecFile,vimString,vimSubst,vimSubstRep,vimSubstRange
+syn cluster	vimUserCmdList	contains=@vimCmdList,vimCmplxRepeat,@vimComment,vimCtrlChar,vimEscapeBrace,vimFunc,vimNotation,vimNumber,vimOper,vimRegister,vimSpecFile,vimString,vimSubst,vimSubstRep,vimSubstRange
 syn keyword	vimUserCommand	contained	com[mand]
-syn match	vimUserCmd	"\<com\%[mand]!\=\>.*$"	contains=vimUserAttrb,vimUserAttrbError,vimUserCommand,@vimUserCmdList,vimComFilter
+syn match	vimUserCmdName	contained	"\<\u\w*\>" nextgroup=vimUserCmdBlock skipwhite
+syn match	vimUserCmd	"\<com\%[mand]!\=\>.*$"	contains=vimUserAttrb,vimUserAttrbError,vimUserCommand,@vimUserCmdList,vimComFilter,vimCmdBlock,vimUserCmdName
 syn match	vimUserAttrbError	contained	"-\a\+\ze\s"
 syn match	vimUserAttrb	contained	"-nargs=[01*?+]"	contains=vimUserAttrbKey,vimOper
 syn match	vimUserAttrb	contained	"-complete="		contains=vimUserAttrbKey,vimOper nextgroup=vimUserAttrbCmplt,vimUserCmdError
@@ -385,20 +394,41 @@
 syn case match
 syn match	vimUserAttrbCmplt contained	"custom,\u\w*"
 
+syn region	vimUserCmdBlock	contained	matchgroup=vimSep start="{" end="}" contains=@vimDefBodyList
+
 " Lower Priority Comments: after some vim commands... {{{2
 " =======================
-syn match	vimComment	excludenl +\s"[^\-:.%#=*].*$+lc=1	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
-syn match	vimComment	+\<endif\s\+".*$+lc=5	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
-syn match	vimComment	+\<else\s\+".*$+lc=4	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
-syn region	vimCommentString	contained oneline start='\S\s\+"'ms=e	end='"'
-" Vim9 comments - TODO: might be highlighted while they don't work
-syn match	vim9Comment	excludenl +\s#[^{].*$+lc=1	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
-syn match	vim9Comment	+\<endif\s\+#[^{].*$+lc=5	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
-syn match	vim9Comment	+\<else\s\+#[^{].*$+lc=4	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
-" Vim9 comment inside expression
-syn match	vim9Comment	+\s\zs#[^{].*$+ms=s+1	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
-syn match	vim9Comment	+^\s*#[^{].*$+	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
-syn match	vim9Comment	+^\s*#$+	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
+syn region	vimCommentString	contained oneline start='\S\s\+"'ms=e end='"'
+
+if s:vim9script
+  syn match	vimComment	excludenl +\s"[^\-:.%#=*].*$+lc=1	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString contained
+  syn match	vimComment	+\<endif\s\+".*$+lc=5	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString contained
+  syn match	vimComment	+\<else\s\+".*$+lc=4	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString contained
+  " Vim9 comments - TODO: might be highlighted while they don't work
+  syn match	vim9Comment	excludenl +\s#[^{].*$+lc=1	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
+  syn match	vim9Comment	+\<endif\s\+#[^{].*$+lc=5	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
+  syn match	vim9Comment	+\<else\s\+#[^{].*$+lc=4	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
+  " Vim9 comment inside expression
+  " syn match	vim9Comment	+\s\zs#[^{].*$+ms=s+1	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
+  " syn match	vim9Comment	+^\s*#[^{].*$+		contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
+  " syn match	vim9Comment	+^\s*#$+		contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
+
+  syn cluster vimComment contains=vim9Comment
+else
+  syn match	vimComment	excludenl +\s"[^\-:.%#=*].*$+lc=1	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
+  syn match	vimComment	+\<endif\s\+".*$+lc=5	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
+  syn match	vimComment	+\<else\s\+".*$+lc=4	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString
+  " Vim9 comments - TODO: might be highlighted while they don't work
+  syn match	vim9Comment	excludenl +\s#[^{].*$+lc=1	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString contained
+  syn match	vim9Comment	+\<endif\s\+#[^{].*$+lc=5	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString contained
+  syn match	vim9Comment	+\<else\s\+#[^{].*$+lc=4	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString contained
+  " Vim9 comment inside expression
+  syn match	vim9Comment	+\s\zs#[^{].*$+ms=s+1	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString contained
+  syn match	vim9Comment	+^\s*#[^{].*$+		contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString contained
+  syn match	vim9Comment	+^\s*#$+		contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString contained
+
+  syn cluster vimComment contains=vimComment
+endif
 
 " Environment Variables: {{{2
 " =====================
@@ -488,7 +518,7 @@
 syn match	vimCmplxRepeat	'@[0-9a-z".=@:]\ze\($\|[^a-zA-Z]\>\)'
 
 " Set command and associated set-options (vimOptions) with comment {{{2
-syn region	vimSet		matchgroup=vimCommand start="\<\%(setl\%[ocal]\|setg\%[lobal]\|se\%[t]\)\>" skip="\%(\\\\\)*\\.\n\@!" end="$" end="|" matchgroup=vimNotation end="<[cC][rR]>" keepend contains=vimSetEqual,vimOption,vimErrSetting,vimComment,vim9Comment,vimSetString,vimSetMod
+syn region	vimSet		matchgroup=vimCommand start="\<\%(setl\%[ocal]\|setg\%[lobal]\|se\%[t]\)\>" skip="\%(\\\\\)*\\.\n\@!" end="$" end="|" matchgroup=vimNotation end="<[cC][rR]>" keepend contains=vimSetEqual,vimOption,vimErrSetting,@vimComment,vimSetString,vimSetMod
 syn region	vimSetEqual	contained	start="[=:]\|[-+^]=" skip="\\\\\|\\\s" end="[| \t]"me=e-1 end="$"	contains=vimCtrlChar,vimSetSep,vimNotation,vimEnvvar
 syn region	vimSetString	contained	start=+="+hs=s+1	skip=+\\\\\|\\"+  end=+"+		contains=vimCtrlChar
 syn match	vimSetSep	contained	"[,:]"
@@ -522,9 +552,10 @@
 " =======
 syn match	vimAutoEventList	contained	"\(!\s\+\)\=\(\a\+,\)*\a\+"	contains=vimAutoEvent nextgroup=vimAutoCmdSpace
 syn match	vimAutoCmdSpace	contained	"\s\+"	nextgroup=vimAutoCmdSfxList
-syn match	vimAutoCmdSfxList	contained	"\S*"	skipwhite nextgroup=vimAutoCmdMod
+syn match	vimAutoCmdSfxList	contained	"\S*"	skipwhite nextgroup=vimAutoCmdMod,vimAutoCmdBlock
 syn keyword	vimAutoCmd	au[tocmd] do[autocmd] doautoa[ll]	skipwhite nextgroup=vimAutoEventList
-syn match	vimAutoCmdMod	"\(++\)\=\(once\|nested\)"
+syn match	vimAutoCmdMod	"\(++\)\=\(once\|nested\)"	skipwhite nextgroup=vimAutoCmdBlock
+syn region	vimAutoCmdBlock	contained	matchgroup=vimSep start="{" end="}" contains=@vimDefBodyList
 
 " Echo And Execute: -- prefer strings! {{{2
 " ================
@@ -668,7 +699,7 @@
  syn match	vimSynCcharValue	contained	"\S"
 endif
 
-syn match	vimSyntax	"\<sy\%[ntax]\>"	contains=vimCommand skipwhite nextgroup=vimSynType,vimComment,vim9Comment
+syn match	vimSyntax	"\<sy\%[ntax]\>"	contains=vimCommand skipwhite nextgroup=vimSynType,@vimComment
 syn cluster vimFuncBodyList add=vimSyntax
 
 " Syntax: case {{{2
@@ -757,7 +788,7 @@
 
 " Highlighting: {{{2
 " ============
-syn cluster	vimHighlightCluster		contains=vimHiLink,vimHiClear,vimHiKeyList,vimComment,vim9Comment
+syn cluster	vimHighlightCluster		contains=vimHiLink,vimHiClear,vimHiKeyList,@vimComment
 if !exists("g:vimsyn_noerror") && !exists("g:vimsyn_novimhictermerror")
  syn match	vimHiCtermError	contained	"\D\i*"
 endif
@@ -813,16 +844,21 @@
 
 " Beginners - Patterns that involve ^ {{{2
 " =========
-syn match	vimLineComment	+^[ \t:]*".*$+	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString,vimCommentTitle,vimComment
-syn match	vimLineComment	+^[ \t:]*"\("[^"]*"\|[^"]\)*$+	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString,vimCommentTitle
-syn match	vim9LineComment	+^[ \t:]\+#.*$+	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString,vimCommentTitle
+if s:vim9script
+  syn match	vimLineComment	+^[ \t:]*".*$+	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString,vimCommentTitle contained
+  syn match	vim9LineComment	+^[ \t:]*#.*$+	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString,vim9CommentTitle
+else
+  syn match	vimLineComment	+^[ \t:]*".*$+	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString,vimCommentTitle
+  syn match	vim9LineComment	+^[ \t:]*#.*$+	contains=@vimCommentGroup,vimCommentString,vim9CommentTitle contained
+endif
 syn match	vimCommentTitle	'"\s*\%([sS]:\|\h\w*#\)\=\u\w*\(\s\+\u\w*\)*:'hs=s+1	contained contains=vimCommentTitleLeader,vimTodo,@vimCommentGroup
-" Note: Look-behind to work around nextgroup skipnl consuming leading whitespace and preventing a match
+syn match	vim9CommentTitle	'#\s*\%([sS]:\|\h\w*#\)\=\u\w*\(\s\+\u\w*\)*:'hs=s+1	contained contains=vim9CommentTitleLeader,vimTodo,@vimCommentGroup
 syn match	vimContinue		"^\s*\zs\\"
 syn match         vimContinueComment	'^\s*\zs["#]\\ .*' contained
 syn cluster	vimContinue contains=vimContinue,vimContinueComment
 syn region	vimString	start="^\s*\\\z(['"]\)" skip='\\\\\|\\\z1' end="\z1" oneline keepend contains=@vimStringGroup,vimContinue
 syn match	vimCommentTitleLeader	'"\s\+'ms=s+1	contained
+syn match	vim9CommentTitleLeader	'#\s\+'ms=s+1	contained
 
 " Searches And Globals: {{{2
 " ====================
@@ -831,6 +867,17 @@
 syn region	vimGlobal	matchgroup=Statement start='\<g\%[lobal]!\=/'  skip='\\.' end='/'	skipwhite nextgroup=vimSubst1
 syn region	vimGlobal	matchgroup=Statement start='\<v\%[global]!\=/' skip='\\.' end='/'	skipwhite nextgroup=vimSubst1
 
+" Vim9 Script Regions: {{{2
+" ==================
+
+if s:vim9script
+  syn cluster vimLegacyTop contains=TOP,vimPreVim9script,vim9Comment,vim9LineComment
+  syn region vimPreVim9script start="\%^" end="^\ze\s*vim9s\%[cript]\>" contains=@vimLegacyTop,vimComment,vimLineComment
+
+  syn keyword vim9ScriptArg noclear
+  syn keyword vimCommand vim9s[cript] nextgroup=vim9ScriptArg skipwhite
+endif
+
 " Embedded Scripts:  {{{2
 " ================
 "   perl,ruby     : Benoit Cerrina
@@ -1038,6 +1085,7 @@
   hi def link vimBufnrWarn	vimWarn
  endif
 
+ hi def link vim9ScriptArg	Special
  hi def link vimAbb	vimCommand
  hi def link vimAddress	vimMark
  hi def link vimAugroupBang	vimBang
@@ -1057,6 +1105,7 @@
  hi def link vim9Comment	Comment
  hi def link vimCommentString	vimString
  hi def link vimCommentTitle	PreProc
+ hi def link vim9CommentTitle	PreProc
  hi def link vimCondHL	vimCommand
  hi def link vimConst	vimCommand
  hi def link vimContinue	Special
@@ -1114,6 +1163,7 @@
  hi def link vimHLGroup	vimGroup
  hi def link vimInsert	vimString
  hi def link vimIskSep	Delimiter
+ hi def link vim9KeymapLineComment	vimKeymapLineComment
  hi def link vimKeymapLineComment	vimComment
  hi def link vimKeymapTailComment	vimComment
  hi def link vimLet	vimCommand
@@ -1236,5 +1286,5 @@
 delc VimFoldr
 delc VimFoldt
 let &cpo = s:keepcpo
-unlet s:keepcpo
+unlet s:keepcpo s:vim9script
 " vim:ts=18 fdm=marker ft=vim