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+.\"***************************************************************************
+.\" Copyright (c) 1998-2004,2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.              *
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+.\"***************************************************************************
+.\"
+.\" $Id: term.5,v 1.19 2006/12/24 18:12:38 tom Exp $
+.TH term 5
+.ds n 5
+.ds d @TERMINFO@
+.SH NAME
+term \- format of compiled term file.
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B term
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.SS STORAGE LOCATION
+Compiled terminfo descriptions are placed under the directory \fB\*d\fP.
+Two configurations are supported (when building the ncurses libraries):
+.TP 5
+.B directory tree
+A two-level scheme is used to avoid a linear search
+of a huge \s-1UNIX\s+1 system directory: \fB\*d/c/name\fP where
+.I name
+is the name of the terminal, and
+.I c
+is the first character of
+.IR name .
+Thus,
+.I act4
+can be found in the file \fB\*d/a/act4\fP.
+Synonyms for the same terminal are implemented by multiple
+links to the same compiled file.
+.TP 5
+.B hashed database
+Using Berkeley database, two types of records are stored:
+the terminfo data in the same format as stored in a directory tree with
+the terminfo's primary name as a key,
+and records containing only aliases pointing to the primary name.
+.IP
+If built to write hashed databases,
+ncurses can still read terminfo databases organized as a directory tree,
+but cannot write entries into the directory tree.
+It can write (or rewrite) entries in the hashed database.
+.IP
+ncurses distinguishes the two cases in the TERMINFO and TERMINFO_DIRS
+environment variable by assuming a directory tree for entries that
+correspond to an existing directory,
+and hashed database otherwise.
+.SS STORAGE FORMAT
+The format has been chosen so that it will be the same on all hardware.
+An 8 or more bit byte is assumed, but no assumptions about byte ordering
+or sign extension are made.
+.PP
+The compiled file is created with the
+.B @TIC@
+program, and read by the routine
+.IR setupterm .
+The file is divided into six parts:
+the header,
+terminal names,
+boolean flags,
+numbers,
+strings,
+and
+string table.
+.PP
+The header section begins the file.
+This section contains six short integers in the format
+described below.
+These integers are
+.RS 5
+.TP 5
+(1) the magic number (octal 0432);
+.TP 5
+(2) the size, in bytes, of the names section;
+.TP 5
+(3) the number of bytes in the boolean section;
+.TP 5
+(4) the number of short integers in the numbers section;
+.TP 5
+(5) the number of offsets (short integers) in the strings section;
+.TP 5
+(6) the size, in bytes, of the string table.
+.RE
+.PP
+Short integers are stored in two 8-bit bytes.
+The first byte contains the least significant 8 bits of the value,
+and the second byte contains the most significant 8 bits.
+(Thus, the value represented is 256*second+first.)
+The value -1 is represented by the two bytes 0377, 0377; other negative
+values are illegal. This value generally
+means that the corresponding capability is missing from this terminal.
+Note that this format corresponds to the hardware of the \s-1VAX\s+1
+and \s-1PDP\s+1-11 (that is, little-endian machines).
+Machines where this does not correspond to the hardware must read the
+integers as two bytes and compute the little-endian value.
+.PP
+The terminal names section comes next.
+It contains the first line of the terminfo description,
+listing the various names for the terminal,
+separated by the `|' character.
+The section is terminated with an \s-1ASCII NUL\s+1 character.
+.PP
+The boolean flags have one byte for each flag.
+This byte is either 0 or 1 as the flag is present or absent.
+The capabilities are in the same order as the file <term.h>.
+.PP
+Between the boolean section and the number section,
+a null byte will be inserted, if necessary,
+to ensure that the number section begins on an even byte (this is a
+relic of the PDP-11's word-addressed architecture, originally
+designed in to avoid IOT traps induced by addressing a word on an
+odd byte boundary).
+All short integers are aligned on a short word boundary.
+.PP
+The numbers section is similar to the flags section.
+Each capability takes up two bytes,
+and is stored as a little-endian short integer.
+If the value represented is -1, the capability is taken to be missing.
+.PP
+The strings section is also similar.
+Each capability is stored as a short integer, in the format above.
+A value of -1 means the capability is missing.
+Otherwise, the value is taken as an offset from the beginning
+of the string table.
+Special characters in ^X or \ec notation are stored in their
+interpreted form, not the printing representation.
+Padding information $<nn> and parameter information %x are
+stored intact in uninterpreted form.
+.PP
+The final section is the string table.
+It contains all the values of string capabilities referenced in
+the string section.
+Each string is null terminated.
+.SS EXTENDED STORAGE FORMAT
+The previous section describes the conventional terminfo binary format.
+With some minor variations of the offsets (see PORTABILITY),
+the same binary format is used in all modern UNIX systems.
+Each system uses a predefined set of boolean, number or string capabilities.
+.PP
+The ncurses libraries and applications support extended terminfo binary format,
+allowing users to define capabilities which are loaded at runtime.  This
+extension is made possible by using the fact that the other implementations
+stop reading the terminfo data when they have reached the end of the size given
+in the header.
+ncurses checks the size, and if it exceeds that due to the predefined data,
+continues to parse according to its own scheme.
+.PP
+First, it reads the extended header (5 short integers):
+.RS 5
+.TP 5
+(1)
+count of extended boolean capabilities
+.TP 5
+(2)
+count of extended numeric capabilities
+.TP 5
+(3)
+count of extended string capabilities
+.TP 5
+(4)
+size of the extended string table in bytes.
+.TP 5
+(5)
+last offset of the extended string table in bytes.
+.RE
+.PP
+Using the counts and sizes, ncurses allocates arrays and reads data
+for the extended capabilties in the same order as the header information.
+.PP
+The extended string table contains values for string capabilities.
+After the end of these values, it contains the names for each of
+the extended capabilities in order, e.g., booleans, then numbers and
+finally strings.
+.
+.SH PORTABILITY
+Note that it is possible for
+.I setupterm
+to expect a different set of capabilities
+than are actually present in the file.
+Either the database may have been updated since
+.I setupterm
+has been recompiled
+(resulting in extra unrecognized entries in the file)
+or the program may have been recompiled more recently
+than the database was updated
+(resulting in missing entries).
+The routine
+.I setupterm
+must be prepared for both possibilities \-
+this is why the numbers and sizes are included.
+Also, new capabilities must always be added at the end of the lists
+of boolean, number, and string capabilities.
+.PP
+Despite the consistent use of little-endian for numbers and the otherwise
+self-describing format, it is not wise to count on portability of binary
+terminfo entries between commercial UNIX versions.  The problem is that there
+are at least three versions of terminfo (under HP-UX, AIX, and OSF/1) which
+diverged from System V terminfo after SVr1, and have added extension
+capabilities to the string table that (in the binary format) collide with
+System V and XSI Curses extensions.  See \fBterminfo\fR(\*n) for detailed
+discussion of terminfo source compatibility issues.
+.SH EXAMPLE
+As an example, here is a hex dump of the description for the Lear-Siegler
+ADM-3, a popular though rather stupid early terminal:
+.nf
+.sp
+adm3a|lsi adm3a,
+        am,
+        cols#80, lines#24,
+        bel=^G, clear=\032$<1>, cr=^M, cub1=^H, cud1=^J,
+        cuf1=^L, cup=\\E=%p1%{32}%+%c%p2%{32}%+%c, cuu1=^K,
+        home=^^, ind=^J,
+.sp
+.ft CW
+\s-20000  1a 01 10 00 02 00 03 00  82 00 31 00 61 64 6d 33  ........ ..1.adm3
+0010  61 7c 6c 73 69 20 61 64  6d 33 61 00 00 01 50 00  a|lsi ad m3a...P.
+0020  ff ff 18 00 ff ff 00 00  02 00 ff ff ff ff 04 00  ........ ........
+0030  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  0a 00 25 00 27 00 ff ff  ........ ..%.'...
+0040  29 00 ff ff ff ff 2b 00  ff ff 2d 00 ff ff ff ff  ).....+. ..-.....
+0050  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
+0060  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
+0070  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
+0080  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
+0090  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
+00a0  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
+00b0  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
+00c0  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
+00d0  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
+00e0  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
+00f0  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
+0100  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
+0110  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
+0120  ff ff ff ff ff ff 2f 00  07 00 0d 00 1a 24 3c 31  ....../. .....$<1
+0130  3e 00 1b 3d 25 70 31 25  7b 33 32 7d 25 2b 25 63  >..=%p1% {32}%+%c
+0140  25 70 32 25 7b 33 32 7d  25 2b 25 63 00 0a 00 1e  %p2%{32} %+%c....
+0150  00 08 00 0c 00 0b 00 0a  00                       ........ .\s+2
+.ft R
+.fi
+.sp
+.SH LIMITS
+Some limitations: total compiled entries cannot exceed 4096 bytes.
+The name field cannot exceed 128 bytes.
+.SH FILES
+\*d/*/*	compiled terminal capability data base
+.SH SEE ALSO
+\fBcurses\fR(3X), \fBterminfo\fR(\*n).
+.SH AUTHORS
+Thomas E. Dickey
+.br
+extended terminfo format for ncurses 5.0
+.br
+hashed database support for ncurses 5.6
+.sp
+Eric S. Raymond
+.\"#
+.\"# The following sets edit modes for GNU EMACS
+.\"# Local Variables:
+.\"# mode:nroff
+.\"# fill-column:79
+.\"# End: