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@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-<!-- 
+<!--
   * t
   ****************************************************************************
-  * Copyright (c) 1998-2014,2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.              *
+  * Copyright 2018-2023,2024 Thomas E. Dickey                                *
+  * Copyright 1998-2015,2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.                  *
   *                                                                          *
   * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a  *
   * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the            *
@@ -27,1019 +28,996 @@
   * sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written       *
   * authorization.                                                           *
   ****************************************************************************
-  * @Id: ncurses.3x,v 1.124 2015/08/08 14:57:51 tom Exp @
+  * @Id: ncurses.3x,v 1.214 2024/04/27 17:55:43 tom Exp @
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-<H1 class="no-header">ncurses 3x</H1>
+<H1 class="no-header">ncurses 3x 2024-04-27 ncurses 6.5 Library calls</H1>
 <PRE>
-<STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">ncurses(3x)</A></STRONG>                                                 <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">ncurses(3x)</A></STRONG>
+<STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">ncurses(3x)</A></STRONG>                      Library calls                     <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">ncurses(3x)</A></STRONG>
 
 
 
 
-</PRE>
-<H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
-       <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> - CRT screen handling and optimization package
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
+       <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> - character-cell terminal interface with optimized output
 
 
-</PRE>
-<H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
        <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG>&lt;curses.h&gt;</STRONG>
 
 
-</PRE>
-<H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
-       The  <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>  library  routines  give the user a terminal-
-       independent method of updating character screens with rea-
-       sonable optimization.  This implementation is "new curses"
-       (ncurses) and is the approved replacement for 4.4BSD clas-
-       sic  curses,  which has been discontinued.  This describes
-       <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> version 6.0 (patch 20150808).
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
+       The  "new  curses" library offers the programmer a terminal-independent
+       means of reading keyboard and mouse input and  updating  character-cell
+       terminals  with  output  optimized to minimize screen updates.  <EM>ncurses</EM>
+       replaces the <EM>curses</EM> libraries from System V Release 4 Unix ("SVr4") and
+       4.4BSD  Unix,  the  development  of  which  ceased  in the 1990s.  This
+       document describes <EM>ncurses</EM> version 6.5 (patch 20240427).
 
-       The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library emulates the curses library of  System
-       V  Release  4  UNIX,  and  XPG4 (X/Open Portability Guide)
-       curses (also known as XSI curses).  XSI stands for  X/Open
-       System  Interfaces  Extension.   The  <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>  library  is
-       freely redistributable in source form.   Differences  from
-       the  SVr4  curses  are summarized under the <STRONG>EXTENSIONS</STRONG> and
-       <STRONG>PORTABILITY</STRONG> sections below and described in detail in  the
-       respective  <STRONG>EXTENSIONS</STRONG>,  <STRONG>PORTABILITY</STRONG>  and <STRONG>BUGS</STRONG> sections of
-       individual man pages.
+       <EM>ncurses</EM> permits control of the terminal screen's contents;  abstraction
+       and  subdivision thereof with <EM>windows</EM> and <EM>pads</EM>; the reading of terminal
+       input; control of terminal input and output options; environment  query
+       routines;  color  manipulation;  the  definition  and use of <EM>soft</EM> <EM>label</EM>
+       keys; <EM>terminfo</EM> capability access; a  <EM>termcap</EM>  compatibility  interface;
+       and  an  abstraction  of the system's API for manipulating the terminal
+       (such as <STRONG>termios(3)</STRONG>).
 
-       The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library also provides many useful  extensions,
-       i.e.,  features  which  cannot  be implemented by a simple
-       add-on library but which require access to  the  internals
-       of the library.
+       <EM>ncurses</EM> implements the standard interface described  by  X/Open  Curses
+       Issue 7.   In  many  behavioral  details  not  standardized  by X/Open,
+       <EM>ncurses</EM> emulates the <EM>curses</EM>  library  of  SVr4  and  provides  numerous
+       useful extensions.
 
-       A  program  using  these  routines must be linked with the
-       <STRONG>-lncurses</STRONG> option, or (if it has been generated)  with  the
-       debugging  library  <STRONG>-lncurses_g</STRONG>.   (Your system integrator
-       may also have installed these libraries  under  the  names
-       <STRONG>-lcurses</STRONG> and <STRONG>-lcurses_g</STRONG>.)  The ncurses_g library generates
-       trace logs (in a file called 'trace' in the current direc-
-       tory)  that describe curses actions.  See also the section
-       on <STRONG>ALTERNATE</STRONG> <STRONG>CONFIGURATIONS</STRONG>.
+       <EM>ncurses</EM>  man  pages employ several sections to clarify matters of usage
+       and interoperability with other <EM>curses</EM> implementations.
 
-       The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> package supports: overall screen,  window  and
-       pad manipulation; output to windows and pads; reading ter-
-       minal input; control over terminal and  <STRONG>curses</STRONG>  input  and
-       output  options; environment query routines; color manipu-
-       lation; use of soft label keys; terminfo capabilities; and
-       access to low-level terminal-manipulation routines.
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   "NOTES" describes issues and caveats  of  which  any  user  of  the
+           <EM>ncurses</EM>  API should be aware, such as limitations on the size of an
+           underlying integral type or  the  availability  of  a  preprocessor
+           macro  exclusive  of  a  function  definition  (which  prevents its
+           address  from  being   taken).    This   section   also   describes
+           implementation  details  that will be significant to the programmer
+           but which are not standardized.
 
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   "EXTENSIONS" presents <EM>ncurses</EM> innovations beyond the X/Open  Curses
+           standard  and/or  the  SVr4 <EM>curses</EM> implementation.  They are termed
+           <EM>extensions</EM> to indicate that they cannot be  implemented  solely  by
+           using the library API, but require access to the library's internal
+           state.
 
-</PRE>
-<H3><a name="h3-Initialization">Initialization</a></H3><PRE>
-       The  library uses the locale which the calling program has
-       initialized.  That is normally done with <STRONG>setlocale</STRONG>:
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   "PORTABILITY" discusses matters (beyond the exercise of extensions)
+           that should be considered when writing to a <EM>curses</EM> standard, or for
+           multiple implementations.
 
-             <STRONG>setlocale(LC_ALL,</STRONG> <STRONG>"");</STRONG>
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   "HISTORY" examines points of detail in  <EM>ncurses</EM>  and  other  <EM>curses</EM>
+           implementations over the decades of their development, particularly
+           where precedent or inertia have frustrated better design (and, in a
+           few cases, where such inertia has been overcome).
 
-       If the locale is not initialized, the library assumes that
-       characters  are  printable  as in ISO-8859-1, to work with
-       certain legacy programs.  You should initialize the locale
-       and  not  rely on specific details of the library when the
-       locale has not been setup.
+       A <EM>curses</EM> application must be linked with the library; use the <STRONG>-lncurses</STRONG>
+       option to your compiler or linker.  A debugging version of the  library
+       may  be available; if so, link with it using <STRONG>-lncurses_g</STRONG>.  (Your system
+       integrator may have installed these libraries such that you can use the
+       options  <STRONG>-lcurses</STRONG> and <STRONG>-lcurses_g</STRONG>, respectively.)  The <EM>ncurses</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>g</EM> library
+       generates trace logs (in a file called <EM>trace</EM> in the current  directory)
+       that  describe <EM>ncurses</EM> actions.  See section "ALTERNATE CONFIGURATIONS"
+       below.
 
-       The function <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> or <STRONG>newterm</STRONG> must be called to initial-
-       ize the library before any of the other routines that deal
-       with windows and screens are  used.   The  routine  <STRONG>endwin</STRONG>
-       must be called before exiting.
 
-       To  get  character-at-a-time  input  without echoing (most
-       interactive, screen oriented programs want this), the fol-
-       lowing sequence should be used:
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Application-Structure">Application Structure</a></H3><PRE>
+       A  <EM>curses</EM>  application  uses  information  from  the   system   locale;
+       <STRONG>setlocale(3)</STRONG> prepares it for <EM>curses</EM> library calls.
 
-             <STRONG>initscr();</STRONG> <STRONG>cbreak();</STRONG> <STRONG>noecho();</STRONG>
+           setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
 
-       Most programs would additionally use the sequence:
+       If  the  locale  is  not  thus  initialized,  the  library assumes that
+       characters are printable as in ISO 8859-1, to work with certain  legacy
+       programs.   You  should initialize the locale; do not expect consistent
+       behavior from the library when the locale has not been set up.
 
-             <STRONG>nonl();</STRONG>
-             <STRONG>intrflush(stdscr,</STRONG> <STRONG>FALSE);</STRONG>
-             <STRONG>keypad(stdscr,</STRONG> <STRONG>TRUE);</STRONG>
+       <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">initscr(3x)</A></STRONG> or <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">newterm(3x)</A></STRONG> must be called to initialize  <EM>curses</EM>  before
+       use of any functions that deal with windows and screens.
 
-       Before  a <STRONG>curses</STRONG> program is run, the tab stops of the ter-
-       minal should be set and  its  initialization  strings,  if
-       defined,  must  be  output.  This can be done by executing
-       the <STRONG>tput</STRONG> <STRONG>init</STRONG> command after the shell environment variable
-       <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>  has  been  exported.  <STRONG>tset(1)</STRONG> is usually responsible
-       for doing this.  [See <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG> for further details.]
+       To  get  character-at-a-time  input  without echoing--most interactive,
+       screen-oriented programs want this--use the following sequence.
 
+           initscr(); cbreak(); noecho();
 
-</PRE>
-<H3><a name="h3-Datatypes">Datatypes</a></H3><PRE>
-       The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library permits manipulation  of  data  struc-
-       tures,  called  <EM>windows</EM>,  which  can be thought of as two-
-       dimensional arrays of characters representing all or  part
-       of a CRT screen.  A default window called <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>, which is
-       the size of the terminal screen, is supplied.  Others  may
-       be created with <STRONG>newwin</STRONG>.
+       Most applications perform further setup as follows.
 
-       Note  that  <STRONG>curses</STRONG>  does  not  handle overlapping windows,
-       that's done by the <STRONG><A HREF="panel.3x.html">panel(3x)</A></STRONG> library.  This means that you
-       can either use <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG> or divide the screen into tiled win-
-       dows and not using <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG> at all.   Mixing  the  two  will
-       result in unpredictable, and undesired, effects.
+           intrflush(stdscr, FALSE);
+           keypad(stdscr, TRUE);
 
-       Windows are referred to by variables declared as <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG>.
-       These  data  structures  are  manipulated  with   routines
-       described  here and elsewhere in the <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> manual pages.
-       Among those, the most basic routines are <STRONG>move</STRONG>  and  <STRONG>addch</STRONG>.
-       More  general versions of these routines are included with
-       names beginning with <STRONG>w</STRONG>, allowing the  user  to  specify  a
-       window.  The routines not beginning with <STRONG>w</STRONG> affect <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>.
+       A <EM>curses</EM> program then often enters an event loop of  some  sort.   Call
+       <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">endwin(3x)</A></STRONG> before exiting.
 
-       After  using  routines  to manipulate a window, <STRONG>refresh</STRONG> is
-       called, telling <STRONG>curses</STRONG> to make the user's CRT screen  look
-       like  <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>.   The characters in a window are actually of
-       type <STRONG>chtype</STRONG>, (character and attribute data) so that  other
-       information  about  the  character may also be stored with
-       each character.
 
-       Special windows  called  <EM>pads</EM>  may  also  be  manipulated.
-       These are windows which are not constrained to the size of
-       the screen and whose contents need not be completely  dis-
-       played.  See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG> for more information.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Overview">Overview</a></H3><PRE>
+       A  <EM>curses</EM>  library abstracts the terminal screen by representing all or
+       part of it as a <EM>WINDOW</EM> data structure.  A <EM>window</EM> is a rectangular  grid
+       of  character  cells,  addressed  by row and column coordinates (<EM>y</EM>, <EM>x</EM>),
+       with the upper left corner as (0, 0).  A window called <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>, the same
+       size  as  the terminal screen, is always available.  Create others with
+       <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">newwin(3x)</A></STRONG>.
 
-       In  addition  to  drawing  characters on the screen, video
-       attributes and colors may be supported, causing the  char-
-       acters  to show up in such modes as underlined, in reverse
-       video, or in color on terminals that support such  display
-       enhancements.  Line drawing characters may be specified to
-       be output.  On input, <STRONG>curses</STRONG> is  also  able  to  translate
-       arrow  and  function  keys  that transmit escape sequences
-       into single values.  The video  attributes,  line  drawing
-       characters,   and  input  values  use  names,  defined  in
-       <STRONG>&lt;curses.h&gt;</STRONG>, such as <STRONG>A_REVERSE</STRONG>, <STRONG>ACS_HLINE</STRONG>, and <STRONG>KEY_LEFT</STRONG>.
+       A <EM>curses</EM> library does not manage overlapping windows (but  see  below).
+       You  can either use <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG> to manage one screen-filling window, or tile
+       the screen into non-overlapping windows and  not  use  <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>  at  all.
+       Mixing  the  two  approaches will result in unpredictable and undesired
+       effects.
 
+       Functions permit manipulation of a window and  the  <EM>cursor</EM>  identifying
+       the  cell  within  it  at  which  the next output operation will occur.
+       Among those, the most basic are <STRONG><A HREF="curs_move.3x.html">move(3x)</A></STRONG> and <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">addch(3x)</A></STRONG>: these place the
+       cursor and write a character to <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>, respectively.
 
-</PRE>
-<H3><a name="h3-Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></H3><PRE>
-       If the environment variables <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> and <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> are set, or
-       if  the program is executing in a window environment, line
-       and column information in the  environment  will  override
-       information read by <EM>terminfo</EM>.  This would affect a program
-       running in an AT&amp;T 630 layer, for example, where the  size
-       of a screen is changeable (see <STRONG>ENVIRONMENT</STRONG>).
+       Frequent changes to the terminal screen can cause unpleasant flicker or
+       inefficient use of the communication channel  to  the  device,  so  the
+       library  does  not generally update it automatically.  Therefore, after
+       using <EM>curses</EM> functions to accumulate a set of desired updates that make
+       sense to present together, call <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">refresh(3x)</A></STRONG> to tell the library to make
+       the user's screen look like <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>.  The library <EM>optimizes</EM>  its  output
+       by  computing  a minimal number of operations to mutate the screen from
+       its  state  at  the  previous  refresh  to  the  new  one.    Effective
+       optimization  demands  accurate  information about the terminal device:
+       the management of such information is the province of the  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
+       API, a feature of every standard <EM>curses</EM> implementation.
 
-       If  the environment variable <STRONG>TERMINFO</STRONG> is defined, any pro-
-       gram using <STRONG>curses</STRONG> checks for a local  terminal  definition
-       before  checking  in  the standard place.  For example, if
-       <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> is set to <STRONG>att4424</STRONG>, then the compiled terminal defini-
-       tion is found in
+       Special windows called <EM>pads</EM> may also be manipulated.  These are windows
+       that are not constrained to the size of the terminal screen  and  whose
+       contents need not be completely displayed.  See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>.
 
-             <STRONG>/usr/share/terminfo/a/att4424</STRONG>.
+       In  addition  to drawing characters on the screen, rendering attributes
+       and colors may be supported, causing the characters to show up in  such
+       modes  as  underlined,  in reverse video, or in color on terminals that
+       support such display enhancements.  See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>.
 
-       (The <STRONG>a</STRONG> is copied from the first letter of <STRONG>att4424</STRONG> to avoid
-       creation of huge directories.)  However,  if  <STRONG>TERMINFO</STRONG>  is
-       set to <STRONG>$HOME/myterms</STRONG>, <STRONG>curses</STRONG> first checks
+       <EM>curses</EM> predefines constants for a small set of  forms-drawing  graphics
+       corresponding  to  the  DEC Alternate Character Set (ACS), a feature of
+       VT100 and other terminals.  See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">waddch(3x)</A></STRONG>.
 
-             <STRONG>$HOME/myterms/a/att4424</STRONG>,
+       <EM>curses</EM> is implemented using the  operating  system's  terminal  driver;
+       keystroke  events are received not as scan codes but as byte sequences.
+       Graphical keycaps (alphanumeric and punctuation keys,  and  the  space)
+       appear  as-is.   Everything  else,  including  the  tab,  enter/return,
+       keypad, arrow, and function keys, appears as a control character  or  a
+       multibyte  <EM>escape</EM>  <EM>sequence.</EM>   <EM>curses</EM>  translates these into unique <EM>key</EM>
+       <EM>codes.</EM>  See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">getch(3x)</A></STRONG>.
 
-       and if that fails, it then checks
+       <EM>ncurses</EM> provides reimplementations of the SVr4 <STRONG><A HREF="panel.3x.html">panel(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="form.3x.html">form(3x)</A></STRONG>, and
+       <STRONG><A HREF="menu.3x.html">menu(3x)</A></STRONG> libraries to ease construction of user interfaces with <EM>curses</EM>.
 
-             <STRONG>/usr/share/terminfo/a/att4424</STRONG>.
 
-       This  is useful for developing experimental definitions or
-       when write permission in <STRONG>/usr/share/terminfo</STRONG> is not avail-
-       able.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Initialization">Initialization</a></H3><PRE>
+       The   selection  of  an  appropriate  value  of  <EM>TERM</EM>  in  the  process
+       environment  is  essential  to  correct  <EM>curses</EM>  and  <EM>terminfo</EM>  library
+       operation.   A  well-configured  system  selects  a  correct <EM>TERM</EM> value
+       automatically;  <STRONG><A HREF="tset.1.html">tset(1)</A></STRONG>  may   assist   with   troubleshooting   exotic
+       situations.
 
-       The  integer  variables  <STRONG>LINES</STRONG>  and  <STRONG>COLS</STRONG>  are  defined in
-       <STRONG>&lt;curses.h&gt;</STRONG> and will be filled in by <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> with the  size
-       of the screen.  The constants <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG> and <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG> have the val-
-       ues <STRONG>1</STRONG> and <STRONG>0</STRONG>, respectively.
+       If  you  change the terminal type, export the <EM>TERM</EM> environment variable
+       in the shell, then  run  <STRONG><A HREF="tset.1.html">tset(1)</A></STRONG>  or  the  "<STRONG>tput</STRONG>  <STRONG>init</STRONG>"  command.   See
+       subsection "Tabs and Initialization" of <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>.
 
-       The <STRONG>curses</STRONG> routines also  define  the  <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG>  <STRONG>*</STRONG>  variable
-       <STRONG>curscr</STRONG> which is used for certain low-level operations like
-       clearing and redrawing a screen containing  garbage.   The
-       <STRONG>curscr</STRONG> can be used in only a few routines.
+       If  the  environment  variables  <EM>LINES</EM>  and  <EM>COLUMNS</EM> are set, or if the
+       <EM>curses</EM> program is executing in a graphical windowing  environment,  the
+       information  obtained  thence  overrides that obtained by <EM>terminfo</EM>.  An
+       <EM>ncurses</EM> extension supports resizable terminals; see <STRONG><A HREF="wresize.3x.html">wresize(3x)</A></STRONG>.
 
+       If the environment variable  <EM>TERMINFO</EM>  is  defined,  a  <EM>curses</EM>  program
+       checks  first  for  a  terminal  type  description  in  the location it
+       identifies.   <EM>TERMINFO</EM>  is  useful  for  developing  experimental  type
+       descriptions  or  when  write  permission to <EM>/usr/share/terminfo</EM> is not
+       available.
 
-</PRE>
-<H3><a name="h3-Routine-and-Argument-Names">Routine and Argument Names</a></H3><PRE>
-       Many  <STRONG>curses</STRONG> routines have two or more versions.  The rou-
-       tines prefixed with <STRONG>w</STRONG> require a window argument.  The rou-
-       tines prefixed with <STRONG>p</STRONG> require a pad argument.  Those with-
-       out a prefix generally use <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>.
+       See section "ENVIRONMENT" below.
 
-       The routines prefixed with <STRONG>mv</STRONG> require a <EM>y</EM> and <EM>x</EM> coordinate
-       to  move to before performing the appropriate action.  The
-       <STRONG>mv</STRONG> routines imply a call to <STRONG>move</STRONG> before the  call  to  the
-       other  routine.  The coordinate <EM>y</EM> always refers to the row
-       (of the window), and <EM>x</EM> always refers to the  column.   The
-       upper left-hand corner is always (0,0), not (1,1).
 
-       The routines prefixed with <STRONG>mvw</STRONG> take both a window argument
-       and <EM>x</EM> and <EM>y</EM> coordinates.  The window  argument  is  always
-       specified before the coordinates.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Naming-Conventions">Naming Conventions</a></H3><PRE>
+       <EM>curses</EM> offers many functions in variant forms using a  regular  set  of
+       alternatives  to the name of an elemental one.  Those prefixed with "w"
+       require a <EM>WINDOW</EM> pointer argument;  those  with  a  "mv"  prefix  first
+       perform cursor movement using <STRONG><A HREF="curs_move.3x.html">wmove(3x)</A></STRONG>; a "mvw" prefix indicates both.
+       The "w" function is typically the elemental one; the  removal  of  this
+       prefix usually indicates operation on <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>.
 
-       In  each  case, <EM>win</EM> is the window affected, and <EM>pad</EM> is the
-       pad affected; <EM>win</EM> and <EM>pad</EM> are always pointers to type <STRONG>WIN-</STRONG>
-       <STRONG>DOW</STRONG>.
+       Four functions prefixed with "p" require a pad argument.
 
-       Option setting routines require a Boolean flag <EM>bf</EM> with the
-       value <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG> or <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>; <EM>bf</EM> is always of type <STRONG>bool</STRONG>.   Most  of
-       the  data types used in the library routines, such as <STRONG>WIN-</STRONG>
-       <STRONG>DOW</STRONG>, <STRONG>SCREEN</STRONG>, <STRONG>bool</STRONG>, and <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> are defined  in  <STRONG>&lt;curses.h&gt;</STRONG>.
-       Types  used for the terminfo routines such as <STRONG>TERMINAL</STRONG> are
-       defined in <STRONG>&lt;term.h&gt;</STRONG>.
+       In  function  synopses,  <EM>ncurses</EM> man pages apply the following names to
+       parameters.
 
-       This manual page describes functions which may  appear  in
-       any  configuration  of  the library.  There are two common
-       configurations of the library:
+                       <EM>bf</EM>    <EM>bool</EM> (<STRONG>TRUE</STRONG> or <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>)
+                       <EM>c</EM>     a <EM>char</EM> or <EM>int</EM>
+                       <EM>ch</EM>    a <EM>chtype</EM>
+                       <EM>wc</EM>    a <EM>wchar</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>t</EM> or <EM>wint</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>t</EM>
+                       <EM>wch</EM>   a <EM>cchar</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>t</EM>
+                       <EM>win</EM>   pointer to a <EM>WINDOW</EM>
+                       <EM>pad</EM>   pointer to a <EM>WINDOW</EM> that is a pad
 
-          <EM>ncurses</EM>
-               the "normal" library, which handles 8-bit  charac-
-               ters.   The  normal (8-bit) library stores charac-
-               ters combined with attributes in <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> data.
 
-               Attributes alone (no corresponding character)  may
-               be stored in <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> or the equivalent <STRONG>attr_t</STRONG> data.
-               In either case, the data is  stored  in  something
-               like an integer.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Wide-and-Non-wide-Character-Configurations">Wide and Non-wide Character Configurations</a></H3><PRE>
+       This manual page describes functions that appear in  any  configuration
+       of  the  library.   There  are  two  common configurations; see section
+       "ALTERNATE CONFIGURATIONS" below.
 
-               Each  cell  (row and column) in a <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> is stored
-               as a <STRONG>chtype</STRONG>.
+       <EM>ncurses</EM>   is the library in its "non-wide" configuration, handling only
+                 eight-bit  characters.   It  stores a character combined with
+                 attributes in a <EM>chtype</EM> datum, which is often an alias of <EM>int</EM>.
 
-          <EM>ncursesw</EM>
-               the so-called "wide" library, which handles multi-
-               byte characters (see the section on <STRONG>ALTERNATE</STRONG> <STRONG>CON-</STRONG>
-               <STRONG>FIGURATIONS</STRONG>).  The "wide" library includes all  of
-               the  calls  from  the  "normal"  library.  It adds
-               about one third more calls using data types  which
-               store multibyte characters:
+                 Attributes alone (with no  corresponding  character)  can  be
+                 stored  in  variables  of  <EM>chtype</EM>  or <EM>attr</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>t</EM> type.  In either
+                 case, they are represented as an integral bit mask.
 
-               <STRONG>cchar_t</STRONG>
-                    corresponds  to  <STRONG>chtype</STRONG>.   However  it  is  a
-                    structure, because more data is  stored  than
-                    can  fit into an integer.  The characters are
-                    large enough to require a full integer  value
-                    -  and  there  may be more than one character
-                    per cell.  The video attributes and color are
-                    stored in separate fields of the structure.
+                 Each cell of a <EM>WINDOW</EM> is stored as a <EM>chtype</EM>.
 
-                    Each  cell  (row  and  column) in a <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> is
-                    stored as a <STRONG>cchar_t</STRONG>.
+       <EM>ncursesw</EM>  is the library in its  "wide"  configuration,  which  handles
+                 character encodings requiring a larger data type than <EM>char</EM> (a
+                 byte-sized type) can represent.  It adds about one third more
+                 calls  using  additional  data  types  that  can  store  such
+                 <EM>multibyte</EM> characters.
 
-               <STRONG>wchar_t</STRONG>
-                    stores a "wide" character.  Like <STRONG>chtype</STRONG>, this
-                    may be an integer.
+                 <EM>cchar</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>t</EM>  corresponds to the non-wide configuration's  <EM>chtype</EM>.
+                          It  always  a structure type, because it stores more
+                          data than  fit  into  a  standard  scalar  type.   A
+                          character  code  may not be representable as a <EM>char</EM>,
+                          and moreover more than one character  may  occupy  a
+                          cell  (as  with  accent marks and other diacritics).
+                          Each  character  is  of  type  <EM>wchar</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>t</EM>;  a   complex
+                          character contains one spacing character and zero or
+                          more non-spacing characters (see below).  Attributes
+                          and  color data are stored in separate fields of the
+                          structure, not combined as in <EM>chtype</EM>.
 
-               <STRONG>wint_t</STRONG>
-                    stores  a  <STRONG>wchar_t</STRONG>  or  <STRONG>WEOF</STRONG>  - not the same,
-                    though both may have the same size.
+                 Each cell of a <EM>WINDOW</EM> is stored as a <EM>cchar</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>t</EM>.
 
-               The "wide" library provides  new  functions  which
-               are   analogous   to  functions  in  the  "normal"
-               library.   There  is  a  naming  convention  which
-               relates  many  of the normal/wide variants: a "_w"
-               is inserted into the name.   For  example,  <STRONG>waddch</STRONG>
-               becomes <STRONG>wadd_wch</STRONG>.
+                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getcchar.3x.html">setcchar(3x)</A></STRONG> and  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getcchar.3x.html">getcchar(3x)</A></STRONG>  store  and  retrieve  <EM>cchar</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>t</EM>
+                 data.   The  wide  library API of <EM>ncurses</EM> depends on two data
+                 types standardized by ISO C95.
 
+                 <EM>wchar</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>t</EM>  stores a wide character.  Like <EM>chtype</EM>, it may be  an
+                          alias  of <EM>int</EM>.  Depending on the character encoding,
+                          a wide character may be  <EM>spacing</EM>,  meaning  that  it
+                          occupies  a  character  cell by itself and typically
+                          accompanies  cursor  advancement,  or   <EM>non-spacing</EM>,
+                          meaning  that it occupies the same cell as a spacing
+                          character, is often regarded as a "modifier" of  the
+                          base  glyph  with  which  it combines, and typically
+                          does not advance the cursor.
 
-</PRE>
-<H3><a name="h3-Routine-Name-Index">Routine Name Index</a></H3><PRE>
-       The following table lists each <STRONG>curses</STRONG> routine and the name
-       of the manual page on which  it  is  described.   Routines
-       flagged  with  `*'  are ncurses-specific, not described by
-       XPG4 or present in SVr4.
+                 <EM>wint</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>t</EM>   can  store  a  <EM>wchar</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>t</EM>   or   the   constant   <STRONG>WEOF</STRONG>,
+                          analogously  to the <EM>int</EM>-sized character manipulation
+                          functions of ISO C and its constant <STRONG>EOF</STRONG>.
 
-              <STRONG>curses</STRONG> Routine Name     Manual Page Name
-              --------------------------------------------
-              COLOR_PAIR              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              PAIR_NUMBER             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              _nc_free_and_exit       <STRONG><A HREF="curs_memleaks.3x.html">curs_memleaks(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              _nc_freeall             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_memleaks.3x.html">curs_memleaks(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              _nc_tracebits           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              _traceattr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              _traceattr2             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              _tracechar              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                 The  wide  library   provides   additional   functions   that
+                 complement  those  in  the non-wide library where the size of
+                 the underlying character type  is  significant.   A  somewhat
+                 regular  naming  convention relates many of the wide variants
+                 to their non-wide counterparts;  where  a  non-wide  function
+                 name  contains  "ch"  or "str", prefix it with "_w" to obtain
+                 the wide counterpart.  For example, <STRONG>waddch</STRONG> becomes  <STRONG>wadd_wch</STRONG>.
+                 (Exceptions  that  add only "w" comprise <STRONG>addwstr</STRONG>, <STRONG>inwstr</STRONG>, and
+                 their variants.)
 
-              _tracechtype            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              _tracechtype2           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              _tracedump              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              _tracef                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              _tracemouse             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              add_wch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              add_wchnstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              add_wchstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              addch                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              addchnstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              addchstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              addnstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              addnwstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              addstr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              addwstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              assume_default_colors   <STRONG><A HREF="default_colors.3x.html">default_colors(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              attr_get                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              attr_off                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              attr_on                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              attr_set                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              attroff                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              attron                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              attrset                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              baudrate                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              beep                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_beep.3x.html">curs_beep(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              bkgd                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              bkgdset                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              bkgrnd                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              bkgrndset               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              border                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              border_set              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              box                     <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              box_set                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              can_change_color        <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              cbreak                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              chgat                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              clear                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              clearok                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              clrtobot                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              clrtoeol                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              color_content           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              color_set               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              copywin                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_overlay.3x.html">curs_overlay(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              curs_set                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              curses_version          <STRONG><A HREF="curs_extend.3x.html">curs_extend(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              def_prog_mode           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              def_shell_mode          <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              define_key              <STRONG><A HREF="define_key.3x.html">define_key(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              del_curterm             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              delay_output            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              delch                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_delch.3x.html">curs_delch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              deleteln                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_deleteln.3x.html">curs_deleteln(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              delscreen               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              delwin                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              derwin                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              doupdate                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              dupwin                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              echo                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              echo_wchar              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              echochar                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              endwin                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              erase                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              erasechar               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              erasewchar              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              filter                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              flash                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_beep.3x.html">curs_beep(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                 This convention is inapplicable  to  some  non-wide  function
+                 names,  so  other  transformations  are  used  for  the  wide
+                 configuration:  the  window  background  management  function
+                 "bkgd"   becomes  "bkgrnd";  the  window  border-drawing  and
+                 -clearing functions are suffixed with "_set";  and  character
+                 attribute   manipulation   functions   like  "attron"  become
+                 "attr_on".
 
-              flushinp                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              get_wch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wch.3x.html">curs_get_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              get_wstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              getattrs                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              getbegx                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              getbegy                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              getbegyx                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getyx.3x.html">curs_getyx(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              getbkgd                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              getbkgrnd               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              getcchar                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getcchar.3x.html">curs_getcchar(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              getch                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              getcurx                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              getcury                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              getmaxx                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              getmaxy                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              getmaxyx                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getyx.3x.html">curs_getyx(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              getmouse                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              getn_wstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              getnstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              getparx                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              getpary                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              getparyx                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getyx.3x.html">curs_getyx(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              getstr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              getsyx                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              getwin                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              getyx                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getyx.3x.html">curs_getyx(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              halfdelay               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              has_colors              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              has_ic                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              has_il                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              has_key                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              hline                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              hline_set               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              idcok                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              idlok                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              immedok                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              in_wch                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wch.3x.html">curs_in_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              in_wchnstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              in_wchstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              inch                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">curs_inch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              inchnstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              inchstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              init_color              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              init_pair               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              initscr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              innstr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              innwstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              ins_nwstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              ins_wch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wch.3x.html">curs_ins_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              ins_wstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              insch                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insch.3x.html">curs_insch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              insdelln                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_deleteln.3x.html">curs_deleteln(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              insertln                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_deleteln.3x.html">curs_deleteln(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              insnstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              insstr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              instr                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              intrflush               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              inwstr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              is_cleared              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              is_idcok                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              is_idlok                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              is_immedok              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              is_keypad               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              is_leaveok              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              is_linetouched          <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              is_nodelay              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
 
-              is_notimeout            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              is_pad                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              is_scrollok             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              is_subwin               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              is_syncok               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              is_term_resized         <STRONG><A HREF="resizeterm.3x.html">resizeterm(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              is_wintouched           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              isendwin                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              key_defined             <STRONG><A HREF="key_defined.3x.html">key_defined(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              key_name                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              keybound                <STRONG><A HREF="keybound.3x.html">keybound(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              keyname                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              keyok                   <STRONG><A HREF="keyok.3x.html">keyok(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              keypad                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              killchar                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              killwchar               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              leaveok                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              longname                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mcprint                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_print.3x.html">curs_print(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              meta                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mouse_trafo             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              mouseinterval           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              mousemask               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              move                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_move.3x.html">curs_move(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvadd_wch               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvadd_wchnstr           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvadd_wchstr            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvaddch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvaddchnstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvaddchstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvaddnstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvaddnwstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvaddstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvaddwstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvchgat                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvcur                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvdelch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_delch.3x.html">curs_delch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvderwin                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvget_wch               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wch.3x.html">curs_get_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvget_wstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvgetch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvgetn_wstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvgetnstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvgetstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvhline                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvhline_set             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvin_wch                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wch.3x.html">curs_in_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvin_wchnstr            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvin_wchstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvinch                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">curs_inch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvinchnstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvinchstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvinnstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvinnwstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvins_nwstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvins_wch               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wch.3x.html">curs_ins_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvins_wstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvinsch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insch.3x.html">curs_insch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvinsnstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvinsstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvinstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvinwstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvprintw                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvscanw                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scanw.3x.html">curs_scanw(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvvline                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvvline_set             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Function-Name-Index">Function Name Index</a></H3><PRE>
+       The following table lists the <EM>curses</EM> functions provided in the non-wide
+       and  wide  APIs  and  the  corresponding  man pages that describe them.
+       Those flagged with  "*"  are  <EM>ncurses</EM>-specific,  neither  described  by
+       X/Open Curses nor present in SVr4.
 
-              mvwadd_wch              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwadd_wchnstr          <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwadd_wchstr           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwaddch                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwaddchnstr            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwaddchstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwaddnstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwaddnwstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwaddstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwaddwstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwchgat                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwdelch                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_delch.3x.html">curs_delch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwget_wch              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wch.3x.html">curs_get_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwget_wstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwgetch                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwgetn_wstr            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwgetnstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwgetstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwhline                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwhline_set            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwin                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwin_wch               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wch.3x.html">curs_in_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwin_wchnstr           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwin_wchstr            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwinch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">curs_inch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwinchnstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwinchstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwinnstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwinnwstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwins_nwstr            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwins_wch              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wch.3x.html">curs_ins_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwins_wstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwinsch                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insch.3x.html">curs_insch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwinsnstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwinsstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwinstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwinwstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwprintw               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwscanw                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scanw.3x.html">curs_scanw(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwvline                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              mvwvline_set            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              napms                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              newpad                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              newterm                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              newwin                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              nl                      <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              nocbreak                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              nodelay                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              noecho                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              nofilter                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              nonl                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              noqiflush               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              noraw                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              notimeout               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              overlay                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_overlay.3x.html">curs_overlay(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              overwrite               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_overlay.3x.html">curs_overlay(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              pair_content            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              pechochar               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              pnoutrefresh            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              prefresh                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              printw                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              putp                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              putwin                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              qiflush                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              raw                     <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              redrawwin               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    <STRONG><EM>curses</EM></STRONG> Function Name     Man Page
+                    ---------------------------------------------
+                    COLOR_PAIR               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    PAIR_NUMBER              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    add_wch                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    add_wchnstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    add_wchstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    addch                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    addchnstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    addchstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    addnstr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    addnwstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    addstr                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    addwstr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    alloc_pair               <STRONG><A HREF="new_pair.3x.html">new_pair(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    assume_default_colors    <STRONG><A HREF="default_colors.3x.html">default_colors(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    attr_get                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    attr_off                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    attr_on                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    attr_set                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    attroff                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    attron                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    attrset                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    baudrate                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    beep                     <STRONG><A HREF="curs_beep.3x.html">curs_beep(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    bkgd                     <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    bkgdset                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    bkgrnd                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    bkgrndset                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    border                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    border_set               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    box                      <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    box_set                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    can_change_color         <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    cbreak                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    chgat                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    clear                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    clearok                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    clrtobot                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    clrtoeol                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    color_content            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    color_set                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    copywin                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_overlay.3x.html">curs_overlay(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    curs_set                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    curses_trace             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    curses_version           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_extend.3x.html">curs_extend(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    def_prog_mode            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    def_shell_mode           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    define_key               <STRONG><A HREF="define_key.3x.html">define_key(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    del_curterm              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    delay_output             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    delch                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_delch.3x.html">curs_delch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    deleteln                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_deleteln.3x.html">curs_deleteln(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    delscreen                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    delwin                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    derwin                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    doupdate                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    dupwin                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    echo                     <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
 
-              refresh                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              reset_prog_mode         <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              reset_shell_mode        <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              resetty                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              resize_term             <STRONG><A HREF="resizeterm.3x.html">resizeterm(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              resizeterm              <STRONG><A HREF="resizeterm.3x.html">resizeterm(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              restartterm             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              ripoffline              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              savetty                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              scanw                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scanw.3x.html">curs_scanw(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              scr_dump                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scr_dump.3x.html">curs_scr_dump(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              scr_init                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scr_dump.3x.html">curs_scr_dump(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              scr_restore             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scr_dump.3x.html">curs_scr_dump(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              scr_set                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scr_dump.3x.html">curs_scr_dump(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              scrl                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scroll.3x.html">curs_scroll(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              scroll                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scroll.3x.html">curs_scroll(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              scrollok                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              set_curterm             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              set_term                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              setcchar                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getcchar.3x.html">curs_getcchar(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              setscrreg               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              setsyx                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              setterm                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              setupterm               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              slk_attr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              slk_attr_off            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              slk_attr_on             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              slk_attr_set            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              slk_attroff             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              slk_attron              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              slk_attrset             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              slk_clear               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              slk_color               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              slk_init                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              slk_label               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              slk_noutrefresh         <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              slk_refresh             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              slk_restore             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              slk_set                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              slk_touch               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              standend                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              standout                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              start_color             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              subpad                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              subwin                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              syncok                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              term_attrs              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              termattrs               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              termname                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              tgetent                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              tgetflag                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              tgetnum                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              tgetstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              tgoto                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              tigetflag               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              tigetnum                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              tigetstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              tiparm                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              timeout                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              touchline               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              touchwin                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              tparm                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              tputs                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              tputs                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              trace                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              typeahead               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-
-              unctrl                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              unget_wch               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wch.3x.html">curs_get_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              ungetch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              ungetmouse              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              untouchwin              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              use_default_colors      <STRONG><A HREF="default_colors.3x.html">default_colors(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              use_env                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              use_extended_names      <STRONG><A HREF="curs_extend.3x.html">curs_extend(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              use_legacy_coding       <STRONG><A HREF="legacy_coding.3x.html">legacy_coding(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              use_tioctl              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              vid_attr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              vid_puts                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              vidattr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              vidputs                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              vline                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              vline_set               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              vw_printw               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              vw_scanw                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scanw.3x.html">curs_scanw(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              vwprintw                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              vwscanw                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scanw.3x.html">curs_scanw(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wadd_wch                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wadd_wchnstr            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wadd_wchstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              waddch                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              waddchnstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              waddchstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              waddnstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              waddnwstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              waddstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              waddwstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wattr_get               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wattr_off               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wattr_on                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wattr_set               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wattroff                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wattron                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wattrset                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wbkgd                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wbkgdset                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wbkgrnd                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wbkgrndset              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wborder                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wborder_set             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wchgat                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wclear                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wclrtobot               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wclrtoeol               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wcolor_set              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wcursyncup              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wdelch                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_delch.3x.html">curs_delch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wdeleteln               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_deleteln.3x.html">curs_deleteln(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wecho_wchar             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wechochar               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wenclose                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              werase                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wget_wch                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wch.3x.html">curs_get_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wget_wstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wgetbkgrnd              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wgetch                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wgetdelay               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              wgetn_wstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wgetnstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wgetparent              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              wgetscrreg              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              wgetstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              whline                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
-
-              whline_set              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              win_wch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wch.3x.html">curs_in_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              win_wchnstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              win_wchstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              winch                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">curs_inch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              winchnstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              winchstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              winnstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              winnwstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wins_nwstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wins_wch                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wch.3x.html">curs_ins_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wins_wstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              winsch                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insch.3x.html">curs_insch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              winsdelln               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_deleteln.3x.html">curs_deleteln(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              winsertln               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_deleteln.3x.html">curs_deleteln(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              winsnstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              winsstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              winstr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              winwstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wmouse_trafo            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              wmove                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_move.3x.html">curs_move(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wnoutrefresh            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wprintw                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wredrawln               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wrefresh                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wresize                 <STRONG><A HREF="wresize.3x.html">wresize(3x)</A></STRONG>*
-              wscanw                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scanw.3x.html">curs_scanw(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wscrl                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scroll.3x.html">curs_scroll(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wsetscrreg              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wstandend               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wstandout               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wsyncdown               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wsyncup                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wtimeout                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wtouchln                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wunctrl                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wvline                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
-              wvline_set              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
-
+                    echo_wchar               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    echochar                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    endwin                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    erase                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    erasechar                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    erasewchar               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    exit_curses              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_memleaks.3x.html">curs_memleaks(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    exit_terminfo            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_memleaks.3x.html">curs_memleaks(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    extended_color_content   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    extended_pair_content    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    extended_slk_color       <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    filter                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    find_pair                <STRONG><A HREF="new_pair.3x.html">new_pair(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    flash                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_beep.3x.html">curs_beep(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    flushinp                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    free_pair                <STRONG><A HREF="new_pair.3x.html">new_pair(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    get_escdelay             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_threads.3x.html">curs_threads(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    get_wch                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wch.3x.html">curs_get_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    get_wstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    getattrs                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    getbegx                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    getbegy                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    getbegyx                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getyx.3x.html">curs_getyx(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    getbkgd                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    getbkgrnd                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    getcchar                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getcchar.3x.html">curs_getcchar(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    getch                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    getcurx                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    getcury                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    getmaxx                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    getmaxy                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    getmaxyx                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getyx.3x.html">curs_getyx(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    getmouse                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    getn_wstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    getnstr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    getparx                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    getpary                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_legacy.3x.html">curs_legacy(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    getparyx                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getyx.3x.html">curs_getyx(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    getstr                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    getsyx                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    getwin                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    getyx                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getyx.3x.html">curs_getyx(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    halfdelay                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    has_colors               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    has_ic                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    has_il                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    has_key                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    has_mouse                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    hline                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    hline_set                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    idcok                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    idlok                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    immedok                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    in_wch                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wch.3x.html">curs_in_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    in_wchnstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    in_wchstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    inch                     <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">curs_inch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    inchnstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    inchstr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    init_color               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    init_extended_color      <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    init_extended_pair       <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    init_pair                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    initscr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    innstr                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
 
-</PRE>
-<H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
-       Routines that return an integer return  <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>  upon  failure
-       and  an  integer value other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon successful com-
-       pletion, unless otherwise noted in  the  routine  descrip-
-       tions.
+                    innwstr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    ins_nwstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    ins_wch                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wch.3x.html">curs_ins_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    ins_wstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    insch                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insch.3x.html">curs_insch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    insdelln                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_deleteln.3x.html">curs_deleteln(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    insertln                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_deleteln.3x.html">curs_deleteln(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    insnstr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    insstr                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    instr                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    intrflush                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    inwstr                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    is_cbreak                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    is_cleared               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    is_echo                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    is_idcok                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    is_idlok                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    is_immedok               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    is_keypad                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    is_leaveok               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    is_linetouched           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    is_nl                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    is_nodelay               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    is_notimeout             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    is_pad                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    is_raw                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    is_scrollok              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    is_subwin                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    is_syncok                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    is_term_resized          <STRONG><A HREF="resizeterm.3x.html">resizeterm(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    is_wintouched            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    isendwin                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    key_defined              <STRONG><A HREF="key_defined.3x.html">key_defined(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    key_name                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    keybound                 <STRONG><A HREF="keybound.3x.html">keybound(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    keyname                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    keyok                    <STRONG><A HREF="keyok.3x.html">keyok(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    keypad                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    killchar                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    killwchar                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    leaveok                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    longname                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mcprint                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_print.3x.html">curs_print(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    meta                     <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mouse_trafo              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    mouseinterval            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    mousemask                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    move                     <STRONG><A HREF="curs_move.3x.html">curs_move(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvadd_wch                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvadd_wchnstr            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvadd_wchstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvaddch                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvaddchnstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvaddchstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvaddnstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvaddnwstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvaddstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvaddwstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvchgat                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvcur                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvdelch                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_delch.3x.html">curs_delch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvderwin                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvget_wch                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wch.3x.html">curs_get_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvget_wstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvgetch                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
 
-       As a general rule, routines check for null pointers passed
-       as parameters, and handle this as an error.
+                    mvgetn_wstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvgetnstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvgetstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvhline                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvhline_set              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvin_wch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wch.3x.html">curs_in_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvin_wchnstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvin_wchstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvinch                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">curs_inch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvinchnstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvinchstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvinnstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvinnwstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvins_nwstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvins_wch                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wch.3x.html">curs_ins_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvins_wstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvinsch                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insch.3x.html">curs_insch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvinsnstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvinsstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvinstr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvinwstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvprintw                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvscanw                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scanw.3x.html">curs_scanw(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvvline                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvvline_set              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwadd_wch               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwadd_wchnstr           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwadd_wchstr            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwaddch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwaddchnstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwaddchstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwaddnstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwaddnwstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwaddstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwaddwstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwchgat                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwdelch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_delch.3x.html">curs_delch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwget_wch               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wch.3x.html">curs_get_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwget_wstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwgetch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwgetn_wstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwgetnstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwgetstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwhline                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwhline_set             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwin                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwin_wch                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wch.3x.html">curs_in_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwin_wchnstr            <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwin_wchstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwinch                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">curs_inch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwinchnstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwinchstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwinnstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwinnwstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwins_nwstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwins_wch               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wch.3x.html">curs_ins_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwins_wstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwinsch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insch.3x.html">curs_insch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwinsnstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwinsstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwinstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwinwstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwprintw                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwscanw                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scanw.3x.html">curs_scanw(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    mvwvline                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
 
-       All macros return the  value  of  the  <STRONG>w</STRONG>  version,  except
-       <STRONG>setscrreg</STRONG>, <STRONG>wsetscrreg</STRONG>, <STRONG>getyx</STRONG>, <STRONG>getbegyx</STRONG>, and <STRONG>getmaxyx</STRONG>.  The
-       return values of <STRONG>setscrreg</STRONG>, <STRONG>wsetscrreg</STRONG>,  <STRONG>getyx</STRONG>,  <STRONG>getbegyx</STRONG>,
-       and <STRONG>getmaxyx</STRONG> are undefined (i.e., these should not be used
-       as the right-hand side of assignment statements).
+                    mvwvline_set             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    napms                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    newpad                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    newterm                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    newwin                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    nl                       <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    nocbreak                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    nodelay                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    noecho                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    nofilter                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    nonl                     <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    noqiflush                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    noraw                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    notimeout                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    overlay                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_overlay.3x.html">curs_overlay(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    overwrite                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_overlay.3x.html">curs_overlay(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    pair_content             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    pecho_wchar              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    pechochar                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    pnoutrefresh             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    prefresh                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    printw                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    putp                     <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    putwin                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    qiflush                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    raw                      <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    redrawwin                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    refresh                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    reset_color_pairs        <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    reset_prog_mode          <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    reset_shell_mode         <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    resetty                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    resize_term              <STRONG><A HREF="resizeterm.3x.html">resizeterm(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    resizeterm               <STRONG><A HREF="resizeterm.3x.html">resizeterm(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    restartterm              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    ripoffline               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    savetty                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    scanw                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scanw.3x.html">curs_scanw(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    scr_dump                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scr_dump.3x.html">curs_scr_dump(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    scr_init                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scr_dump.3x.html">curs_scr_dump(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    scr_restore              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scr_dump.3x.html">curs_scr_dump(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    scr_set                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scr_dump.3x.html">curs_scr_dump(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    scrl                     <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scroll.3x.html">curs_scroll(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    scroll                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scroll.3x.html">curs_scroll(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    scrollok                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    set_curterm              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    set_escdelay             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_threads.3x.html">curs_threads(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    set_tabsize              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_threads.3x.html">curs_threads(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    set_term                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    setcchar                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getcchar.3x.html">curs_getcchar(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    setscrreg                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    setsyx                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    setupterm                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    slk_attr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    slk_attr_off             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    slk_attr_on              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    slk_attr_set             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    slk_attroff              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    slk_attron               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    slk_attrset              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    slk_clear                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    slk_color                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    slk_init                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    slk_label                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    slk_noutrefresh          <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
 
-       Routines that return pointers return <STRONG>NULL</STRONG> on error.
+                    slk_refresh              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    slk_restore              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    slk_set                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    slk_touch                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    slk_wset                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    standend                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    standout                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    start_color              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_color.3x.html">curs_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    subpad                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_pad.3x.html">curs_pad(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    subwin                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    syncok                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    term_attrs               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    termattrs                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    termname                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    tgetent                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    tgetflag                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    tgetnum                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    tgetstr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    tgoto                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    tigetflag                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    tigetnum                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    tigetstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    timeout                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    tiparm                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    tiparm_s                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    tiscan_s                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    touchline                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    touchwin                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    tparm                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    tputs                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    tputs                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    trace                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    typeahead                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    unctrl                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    unget_wch                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wch.3x.html">curs_get_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    ungetch                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    ungetmouse               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    untouchwin               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    use_default_colors       <STRONG><A HREF="default_colors.3x.html">default_colors(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    use_env                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    use_extended_names       <STRONG><A HREF="curs_extend.3x.html">curs_extend(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    use_legacy_coding        <STRONG><A HREF="legacy_coding.3x.html">legacy_coding(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    use_screen               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_threads.3x.html">curs_threads(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    use_tioctl               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    use_window               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_threads.3x.html">curs_threads(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    vid_attr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    vid_puts                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    vidattr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    vidputs                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    vline                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    vline_set                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    vw_printw                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    vw_scanw                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scanw.3x.html">curs_scanw(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    vwprintw                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    vwscanw                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scanw.3x.html">curs_scanw(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wadd_wch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wadd_wchnstr             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wadd_wchstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wchstr.3x.html">curs_add_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    waddch                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    waddchnstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    waddchstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addchstr.3x.html">curs_addchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    waddnstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    waddnwstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    waddstr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    waddwstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">curs_addwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
 
+                    wattr_get                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wattr_off                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wattr_on                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wattr_set                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wattroff                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wattron                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wattrset                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wbkgd                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wbkgdset                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgd.3x.html">curs_bkgd(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wbkgrnd                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wbkgrndset               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wborder                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wborder_set              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wchgat                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wclear                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wclrtobot                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wclrtoeol                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wcolor_set               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wcursyncup               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wdelch                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_delch.3x.html">curs_delch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wdeleteln                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_deleteln.3x.html">curs_deleteln(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wecho_wchar              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wechochar                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wenclose                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    werase                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wget_wch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wch.3x.html">curs_get_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wget_wstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wgetbkgrnd               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_bkgrnd.3x.html">curs_bkgrnd(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wgetch                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wgetdelay                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    wgetn_wstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_get_wstr.3x.html">curs_get_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wgetnstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wgetparent               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    wgetscrreg               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    wgetstr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getstr.3x.html">curs_getstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    whline                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    whline_set               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    win_wch                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wch.3x.html">curs_in_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    win_wchnstr              <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    win_wchstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_in_wchstr.3x.html">curs_in_wchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    winch                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">curs_inch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    winchnstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    winchstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inchstr.3x.html">curs_inchstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    winnstr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    winnwstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wins_nwstr               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wins_wch                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wch.3x.html">curs_ins_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wins_wstr                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_ins_wstr.3x.html">curs_ins_wstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    winsch                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insch.3x.html">curs_insch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    winsdelln                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_deleteln.3x.html">curs_deleteln(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    winsertln                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_deleteln.3x.html">curs_deleteln(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    winsnstr                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    winsstr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_insstr.3x.html">curs_insstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    winstr                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_instr.3x.html">curs_instr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    winwstr                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inwstr.3x.html">curs_inwstr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wmouse_trafo             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    wmove                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_move.3x.html">curs_move(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wnoutrefresh             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wprintw                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wredrawln                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wrefresh                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wresize                  <STRONG><A HREF="wresize.3x.html">wresize(3x)</A></STRONG>*
+                    wscanw                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scanw.3x.html">curs_scanw(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wscrl                    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scroll.3x.html">curs_scroll(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wsetscrreg               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
 
-</PRE>
-<H2><a name="h2-ENVIRONMENT">ENVIRONMENT</a></H2><PRE>
-       The following environment symbols are useful for customiz-
-       ing the runtime behavior of the <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library.  The most
-       important ones have been already discussed in detail.
+                    wstandend                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wstandout                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wsyncdown                <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wsyncup                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_window.3x.html">curs_window(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wtimeout                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wtouchln                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_touch.3x.html">curs_touch(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wunctrl                  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wvline                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border.3x.html">curs_border(3x)</A></STRONG>
+                    wvline_set               <STRONG><A HREF="curs_border_set.3x.html">curs_border_set(3x)</A></STRONG>
 
-   <STRONG>CC</STRONG>
-       When set,  change  occurrences  of  the  command_character
-       (i.e.,  the  <STRONG>cmdch</STRONG>  capability)  of  the  loaded  terminfo
-       entries to the value of this variable.  Very few  terminfo
-       entries provide this feature.
+       <EM>ncurses</EM>'s    <EM>screen-pointer</EM>   <EM>extension</EM>   adds   additional   functions
+       corresponding to many of the above, each  with  an  "_sp"  suffix;  see
+       <STRONG><A HREF="curs_sp_funcs.3x.html">curs_sp_funcs(3x)</A></STRONG>.
 
-       Because this name is also used in development environments
-       to represent the C compiler's name, <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> ignores it  if
-       it does not happen to be a single character.
+       The  availability  of  some  extensions is configurable when <EM>ncurses</EM> is
+       compiled; see  sections  "ALTERNATE  CONFIGURATIONS"  and  "EXTENSIONS"
+       below.
 
 
-</PRE>
-<H3><a name="h3-BAUDRATE">BAUDRATE</a></H3><PRE>
-       The  debugging  library  checks  this environment variable
-       when the application has redirected output to a file.  The
-       variable's  numeric value is used for the baudrate.  If no
-       value is found, <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> uses 9600.  This allows testers to
-       construct  repeatable  test-cases  that  take into account
-       costs that depend on baudrate.
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
+       Unless  otherwise  noted, functions that return an integer return <STRONG>OK</STRONG> on
+       success and <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> on failure.  Functions that return pointers return <STRONG>NULL</STRONG>
+       on  failure.   Typically,  <EM>ncurses</EM>  treats  a  null pointer passed as a
+       function parameter as a failure.  Functions prefixed  with  "mv"  first
+       perform  cursor movement and fail if the position (<EM>y</EM>, <EM>x</EM>) is outside the
+       window boundaries.
 
 
-</PRE>
-<H3><a name="h3-COLUMNS">COLUMNS</a></H3><PRE>
-       Specify the width of the screen in  characters.   Applica-
-       tions  running in a windowing environment usually are able
-       to obtain the width of the window in which they  are  exe-
-       cuting.   If  neither the <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> value nor the terminal's
-       screen size is available, <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> uses the size which  may
-       be  specified  in  the  terminfo  database (i.e., the <STRONG>cols</STRONG>
-       capability).
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-ENVIRONMENT">ENVIRONMENT</a></H2><PRE>
+       The following  symbols  from  the  process  environment  customize  the
+       runtime   behavior   of  <EM>ncurses</EM>  applications.   The  library  may  be
+       configured  to  disregard  the   variables   <EM>TERMINFO</EM>,   <EM>TERMINFO</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>DIRS</EM>,
+       <EM>TERMPATH</EM>,  and  <EM>HOME</EM>,  if  the  user  is  the  superuser (root), or the
+       application uses <STRONG>setuid(2)</STRONG> or <STRONG>setgid(2)</STRONG>.
 
-       It is important that your application use a  correct  size
-       for  the screen.  This is not always possible because your
-       application may be running on a host which does not  honor
-       NAWS  (Negotiations About Window Size), or because you are
-       temporarily running as  another  user.   However,  setting
-       <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG>  and/or  <STRONG>LINES</STRONG>  overrides the library's use of the
-       screen size obtained from the operating system.
 
-       Either <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> or <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> symbols may be specified  indepen-
-       dently.   This  is mainly useful to circumvent legacy mis-
-       features of terminal descriptions, e.g., xterm which  com-
-       monly specifies a 65 line screen.  For best results, <STRONG>lines</STRONG>
-       and <STRONG>cols</STRONG> should not be specified in a terminal description
-       for terminals which are run as emulations.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-BAUDRATE"><EM>BAUDRATE</EM></a></H3><PRE>
+       The debugging library checks this variable  when  the  application  has
+       redirected  output  to a file.  Its integral value is used for the baud
+       rate.  If that value is absent or invalid,  <EM>ncurses</EM>  uses  9600.   This
+       feature  allows  testers  to  construct repeatable test cases that take
+       into account optimization decisions that depend on baud rate.
 
-       Use  the  <STRONG>use_env</STRONG>  function to disable all use of external
-       environment (but not including system calls) to  determine
-       the  screen  size.   Use the <STRONG>use_tioctl</STRONG> function to update
-       <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> or <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> to match the screen  size  obtained  from
-       system calls or the terminal database.
 
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-CC-_command-character_"><EM>CC</EM> (command character)</a></H3><PRE>
+       When set, the <STRONG>command_character</STRONG>  (<STRONG>cmdch</STRONG>)  capability  value  of  loaded
+       <EM>terminfo</EM> entries changes to the value of this variable.  Very few <EM>term-</EM>
+       <EM>info</EM> entries provide this feature.
 
-</PRE>
-<H3><a name="h3-ESCDELAY">ESCDELAY</a></H3><PRE>
-       Specifies  the  total  time,  in  milliseconds,  for which
-       ncurses will await a character sequence, e.g., a  function
-       key.   The default value, 1000 milliseconds, is enough for
-       most uses.  However, it is made a variable to  accommodate
-       unusual applications.
+       Because this name is also used in development environments to represent
+       the  C  compiler's  name,  <EM>ncurses</EM>  ignores  its value if it is not one
+       character in length.
 
-       The most common instance where you may wish to change this
-       value is to work with slow hosts, e.g., running on a  net-
-       work.   If the host cannot read characters rapidly enough,
-       it will have the same effect as if the  terminal  did  not
-       send  characters  rapidly  enough.  The library will still
-       see a timeout.
 
-       Note that xterm mouse events are built up  from  character
-       sequences  received  from  the xterm.  If your application
-       makes heavy use of  multiple-clicking,  you  may  wish  to
-       lengthen this default value because the timeout applies to
-       the composed multi-click event as well as  the  individual
-       clicks.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-COLUMNS"><EM>COLUMNS</EM></a></H3><PRE>
+       This  variable  specifies  the  width  of  the  screen  in  characters.
+       Applications  running  in  a  windowing environment usually are able to
+       obtain the width of the window in which they are executing.  If <EM>COLUMNS</EM>
+       is not defined and the terminal's screen size is not available from the
+       terminal driver, <EM>ncurses</EM> uses the size specified by the <STRONG>columns</STRONG>  (<STRONG>cols</STRONG>)
+       capability  of  the  terminal type's entry in the <EM>terminfo</EM> database, if
+       any.
 
-       In  addition to the environment variable, this implementa-
-       tion provides a global variable with the same name.   Por-
-       table  applications  should  not rely upon the presence of
-       ESCDELAY in either form, but setting the environment vari-
-       able rather than the global variable does not create prob-
-       lems when compiling an application.
+       It is important that your application  use  the  correct  screen  size.
+       Automatic   detection   thereof  is  not  always  possible  because  an
+       application may  be  running  on  a  host  that  does  not  honor  NAWS
+       (Negotiations  About  Window  Size)  or as a different user ID than the
+       owner of the  terminal  device  file.   Setting  <EM>COLUMNS</EM>  and/or  <EM>LINES</EM>
+       overrides  the  library's  use  of  the  screen  size obtained from the
+       operating system.
 
+       The <EM>COLUMNS</EM> and <EM>LINES</EM> variables may be specified  independently.   This
+       property  is  useful  to circumvent misfeatures of legacy terminal type
+       descriptions; <STRONG>xterm(1)</STRONG>  descriptions  specifying  65  lines  were  once
+       notorious.    For   best  results,  avoid  specifying  <STRONG>cols</STRONG>  and  <STRONG>lines</STRONG>
+       capability codes in <EM>terminfo</EM> descriptions of terminal emulators.
 
-</PRE>
-<H3><a name="h3-HOME">HOME</a></H3><PRE>
-       Tells <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> where your home directory is.  That is where
-       it may read and write auxiliary terminal descriptions:
+       <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">use_env(3x)</A></STRONG> can disable use of the process environment  in  determining
+       the  screen size.  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">use_tioctl(3x)</A></STRONG> can update <EM>COLUMNS</EM> and <EM>LINES</EM> to match
+       the screen size obtained from system calls or the terminal database.
 
-       $HOME/.termcap
-       $HOME/.terminfo
 
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-ESCDELAY"><EM>ESCDELAY</EM></a></H3><PRE>
+       For <EM>curses</EM> to distinguish the ESC character  resulting  from  a  user's
+       press  of  the  "Escape"  key on the input device from one beginning an
+       <EM>escape</EM> <EM>sequence</EM> (as commonly produced by function keys), it waits after
+       receiving  the  escape  character  to  see  if  further  characters are
+       available on the input  stream  within  a  short  interval.   A  global
+       variable  <STRONG>ESCDELAY</STRONG>  stores  this interval in milliseconds.  The default
+       value of 1000 (one second) is adequate for most uses.  This environment
+       variable overrides it.
 
-</PRE>
-<H3><a name="h3-LINES">LINES</a></H3><PRE>
-       Like  COLUMNS, specify the height of the screen in charac-
-       ters.  See COLUMNS for a detailed description.
+       The  most common instance where you may wish to change this value is to
+       work with a remote host over a slow communication channel.  If the host
+       running  a  <EM>curses</EM>  application  does  not receive the characters of an
+       escape sequence in a timely manner, the library can interpret  them  as
+       multiple key stroke events.
 
+       <STRONG>xterm(1)</STRONG> mouse events are a form of escape sequence; therefore, if your
+       application makes heavy use  of  multiple-clicking,  you  may  wish  to
+       lengthen  the  default value because the delay applies to the composite
+       multi-click event as well as the individual clicks.
 
-</PRE>
-<H3><a name="h3-MOUSE_BUTTONS_123">MOUSE_BUTTONS_123</a></H3><PRE>
-       This applies only to the OS/2 EMX port.  It specifies  the
-       order  of  buttons  on the mouse.  OS/2 numbers a 3-button
-       mouse inconsistently from other platforms:
+       Portable applications should not rely upon the presence of <STRONG>ESCDELAY</STRONG>  in
+       either  form,  but  setting  the  environment  variable rather than the
+       global variable does not create problems when compiling an application.
 
-       1 = left
-       2 = right
-       3 = middle.
+       If <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">keypad(3x)</A></STRONG> is disabled for the  <EM>curses</EM>  window  receiving  input,  a
+       program must disambiguate escape sequences itself.
 
-       This variable lets you customize the mouse.  The  variable
-       must  be  three numeric digits 1-3 in any order, e.g., 123
-       or 321.  If it is not specified, <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> uses 132.
 
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-HOME"><EM>HOME</EM></a></H3><PRE>
+       <EM>ncurses</EM>  may read and write auxiliary terminal descriptions in <EM>.termcap</EM>
+       and <EM>.terminfo</EM> files in the user's home directory.
 
-</PRE>
-<H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_ASSUMED_COLORS">NCURSES_ASSUMED_COLORS</a></H3><PRE>
-       Override the compiled-in assumption  that  the  terminal's
-       default   colors   are  white-on-black  (see  <STRONG>default_col-</STRONG>
-       <STRONG><A HREF="default_colors.3x.html">ors(3x)</A></STRONG>).  You may set the foreground and background color
-       values  with this environment variable by proving a 2-ele-
-       ment list: foreground,background.  For  example,  to  tell
-       ncurses  to not assume anything about the colors, set this
-       to "-1,-1".  To make it green-on-black, set it  to  "2,0".
-       Any  positive  value  from zero to the terminfo <STRONG>max_colors</STRONG>
-       value is allowed.
 
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-LINES"><EM>LINES</EM></a></H3><PRE>
+       This counterpart to <EM>COLUMNS</EM> specifies  the  height  of  the  screen  in
+       characters.   The  corresponding <EM>terminfo</EM> capability and code is <STRONG>lines</STRONG>.
+       See the description of the <EM>COLUMNS</EM> variable above.
 
-</PRE>
-<H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_CONSOLE2">NCURSES_CONSOLE2</a></H3><PRE>
-       This applies only to the MinGW port of ncurses.
 
-       The <STRONG>Console2</STRONG> program's handling of the  Microsoft  Console
-       API call <STRONG>CreateConsoleScreenBuffer</STRONG> is defective.  Applica-
-       tions which use this will hang.  However, it  is  possible
-       to  simulate  the  action  of this call by mapping coordi-
-       nates, explicitly saving and restoring the original screen
-       contents.   Setting the environment variable <STRONG>NCGDB</STRONG> has the
-       same effect.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-MOUSE_BUTTONS_123"><EM>MOUSE_BUTTONS_123</EM></a></H3><PRE>
+       (OS/2 EMX port only) OS/2 numbers a three-button  mouse  inconsistently
+       with  other platforms, such that 1 is the left button, 2 the right, and
+       3 the middle.  This variable customizes  the  mouse  button  numbering.
+       Its  value  must be three digits 1-3 in any order.  By default, <EM>ncurses</EM>
+       assumes a numbering of "132".
 
 
-</PRE>
-<H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_GPM_TERMS">NCURSES_GPM_TERMS</a></H3><PRE>
-       This applies only to ncurses configured  to  use  the  GPM
-       interface.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_ASSUMED_COLORS"><EM>NCURSES_ASSUMED_COLORS</EM></a></H3><PRE>
+       If set, this  variable  overrides  the  <EM>ncurses</EM>  library's  compiled-in
+       assumption  that  the terminal's default colors are white on black; see
+       <STRONG><A HREF="default_colors.3x.html">default_colors(3x)</A></STRONG>.  Set the foreground  and  background  color  values
+       with  this  environment  variable  by  assigning  it two integer values
+       separated  by  a  comma,  indicating  foregound  and  background  color
+       numbers, respectively.
 
-       If  present,  the environment variable is a list of one or
-       more terminal names against  which  the  TERM  environment
-       variable  is  matched.   Setting it to an empty value dis-
-       ables the GPM interface; using the  built-in  support  for
-       xterm, etc.
+       For  example,  to tell <EM>ncurses</EM> not to assume anything about the colors,
+       use a value of "-1,-1".  To make the  default  color  scheme  green  on
+       black,  use  "2,0".   <EM>ncurses</EM> accepts integral values from -1 up to the
+       value of the <EM>terminfo</EM> <STRONG>max_colors</STRONG> (<STRONG>colors</STRONG>) capability.
 
-       If  the  environment  variable  is  absent,  ncurses  will
-       attempt to open GPM if TERM contains "linux".
 
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_CONSOLE2"><EM>NCURSES_CONSOLE2</EM></a></H3><PRE>
+       (MinGW  port  only)  The  <EM>Console2</EM>  program  defectively  handles   the
+       Microsoft  Console  API  call  <EM>CreateConsoleScreenBuffer</EM>.  Applications
+       that use it will hang.  However, it is possible to simulate the  action
+       of  this  call  by mapping coordinates, explicitly saving and restoring
+       the original screen contents.  Setting the environment  variable  <EM>NCGDB</EM>
+       has the same effect.
 
-</PRE>
-<H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_NO_HARD_TABS">NCURSES_NO_HARD_TABS</a></H3><PRE>
-       <STRONG>Ncurses</STRONG> may use tabs as part of the cursor movement  opti-
-       mization.   In  some  cases,  your terminal driver may not
-       handle these properly.  Set this environment  variable  to
-       disable  the  feature.  You can also adjust your <STRONG>stty</STRONG> set-
-       tings to avoid the problem.  NCURSES_NO_MAGIC_COOKIE  Some
-       terminals  use  a magic-cookie feature which requires spe-
-       cial  handling  to  make  highlighting  and  other   video
-       attributes  display  properly.  You can suppress the high-
-       lighting entirely for  these  terminals  by  setting  this
-       environment variable.
 
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_GPM_TERMS"><EM>NCURSES_GPM_TERMS</EM></a></H3><PRE>
+       (Linux  only) When <EM>ncurses</EM> is configured to use the GPM interface, this
+       variable may list one or more terminal names  against  which  the  <EM>TERM</EM>
+       variable  (see  below)  is  matched.   An  empty value disables the GPM
+       interface,  using  <EM>ncurses</EM>'s  built-in  support  for   <STRONG>xterm(1)</STRONG>   mouse
+       protocols instead.  If the variable is absent, <EM>ncurses</EM> attempts to open
+       GPM if <EM>TERM</EM> contains "linux".
 
-</PRE>
-<H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_NO_PADDING">NCURSES_NO_PADDING</a></H3><PRE>
-       Most of the terminal descriptions in the terminfo database
-       are written for real "hardware"  terminals.   Many  people
-       use  terminal  emulators which run in a windowing environ-
-       ment and use curses-based applications.   Terminal  emula-
-       tors can duplicate all of the important aspects of a hard-
-       ware terminal, but they do not have the same  limitations.
-       The  chief  limitation  of  a  hardware  terminal from the
-       standpoint  of  your  application  is  the  management  of
-       dataflow,  i.e.,  timing.   Unless  a hardware terminal is
-       interfaced into a terminal concentrator (which  does  flow
-       control),  it  (or your application) must manage dataflow,
-       preventing overruns.  The cheapest solution  (no  hardware
-       cost)  is  for  your  program  to do this by pausing after
-       operations that the terminal does slowly, such as clearing
-       the display.
 
-       As  a  result,  many  terminal descriptions (including the
-       vt100) have delay times embedded.  You  may  wish  to  use
-       these  descriptions,  but  not want to pay the performance
-       penalty.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_NO_HARD_TABS"><EM>NCURSES_NO_HARD_TABS</EM></a></H3><PRE>
+       <EM>ncurses</EM> may use tab characters in  cursor  movement  optimization.   In
+       some  cases,  your  terminal  driver may not handle them properly.  Set
+       this environment variable to any value to disable the feature.  You can
+       also adjust your <STRONG>stty(1)</STRONG> settings to avoid the problem.
 
-       Set the NCURSES_NO_PADDING environment variable to disable
-       all but mandatory padding.  Mandatory padding is used as a
-       part of special control sequences such as <EM>flash</EM>.
 
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_NO_MAGIC_COOKIE"><EM>NCURSES_NO_MAGIC_COOKIE</EM></a></H3><PRE>
+       Many  terminals  store  video  attributes  as a property of a character
+       cell, as <EM>curses</EM> does.  Historically, some  recorded  changes  in  video
+       attributes  as  data  that  logically  <EM>occupies</EM>  character cells on the
+       display, switching attributes on or off, similarly to tags in a  markup
+       language;  these  are  termed "magic cookies", and must be subsequently
+       overprinted.  If the <EM>terminfo</EM> entry for your  terminal  type  does  not
+       adequately describe its handling of magic cookies, set this variable to
+       any value to instruct <EM>ncurses</EM> to disable attributes entirely.
 
-</PRE>
-<H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_NO_SETBUF">NCURSES_NO_SETBUF</a></H3><PRE>
-       This setting is obsolete.  Before changes
 
-          <STRONG>o</STRONG>   started with 5.9 patch 20120825 and
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_NO_PADDING"><EM>NCURSES_NO_PADDING</EM></a></H3><PRE>
+       Most  terminal  type  descriptions  in  the  <EM>terminfo</EM>  database  detail
+       hardware   devices.   Many  people  use  <EM>curses</EM>-based  applications  in
+       terminal emulator programs that run in a windowing environment.   These
+       programs  can  duplicate  all  of  the important features of a hardware
+       terminal, but often lack their limitations.  Chief among  these  absent
+       drawbacks is the problem of data flow management; that is, limiting the
+       speed of communication to what the hardware  could  handle.   Unless  a
+       hardware  terminal  is  interfaced  into a terminal concentrator (which
+       does flow control), an application must manage flow control  itself  to
+       prevent overruns and data loss.
 
-          <STRONG>o</STRONG>   continued though 5.9 patch 20130126
+       A  solution  that  comes  at  no hardware cost is for an application to
+       pause after directing a  terminal  to  execute  an  operation  that  it
+       performs  slowly,  such  as  clearing  the display.  Many terminal type
+       descriptions, including that for the VT100, embed delay  specifications
+       in  capabilities.   You  may  wish  to  use these terminal descriptions
+       without paying the performance penalty.  Set <EM>NCURSES</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>NO</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>PADDING</EM> to  any
+       value  to disable all but mandatory padding.  Mandatory padding is used
+       by such terminal capabilities as <STRONG>flash_screen</STRONG> (<STRONG>flash</STRONG>).
 
-       <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> enabled buffered output during  terminal  initial-
-       ization.   This  was  done (as in SVr4 curses) for perfor-
-       mance reasons.  For testing purposes, both of <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>  and
-       certain  applications,  this  feature  was  made optional.
-       Setting the  NCURSES_NO_SETBUF  variable  disabled  output
-       buffering,  leaving  the  output  in the original (usually
-       line buffered) mode.
 
-       In the current implementation, ncurses  performs  its  own
-       buffering  and  does not require this workaround.  It does
-       not modify the buffering of the standard output.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_NO_SETBUF"><EM>NCURSES_NO_SETBUF</EM></a></H3><PRE>
+       (Obsolete) Prior to internal changes developed in <EM>ncurses</EM> 5.9  (patches
+       20120825  through 20130126), the library used <STRONG>setbuf(3)</STRONG> to enable fully
+       buffered output when initializing the terminal.  This was done,  as  in
+       SVr4  <EM>curses</EM>,  to  increase performance.  For testing purposes, both of
+       <EM>ncurses</EM> and of certain applications, this feature  was  made  optional.
+       Setting  this  variable  disabled  output buffering, leaving the output
+       stream in the original (usually line-buffered) mode.
 
-       The reason for the change was to  make  the  behavior  for
-       interrupts and other signals more robust.  One drawback is
-       that certain nonconventional programs would  mix  ordinary
-       stdio  calls  with ncurses calls and (usually) work.  This
-       is no longer possible  since  ncurses  is  not  using  the
-       buffered  standard  output but its own output (to the same
-       file descriptor).  As a special case, the low-level  calls
-       such  as  <STRONG>putp</STRONG>  still  use the standard output.  But high-
-       level curses calls do not.
+       Nowadays, <EM>ncurses</EM> performs its own buffering and does not require  this
+       workaround;  it  does  not  modify the buffering of the standard output
+       stream.  This approach makes signal handling, as for  interrupts,  more
+       robust.   A  drawback  is  that  certain  unconventional programs mixed
+       <STRONG>stdio(3)</STRONG> calls with <EM>ncurses</EM> calls and (usually) got the  behavior  they
+       expected.   This  is  no longer the case; <EM>ncurses</EM> does not write to the
+       standard output file descriptor through a <EM>stdio</EM>-buffered stream.
 
+       As a special case, low-level API calls such as <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">putp(3x)</A></STRONG> still  use  the
+       standard  output stream.  High-level <EM>curses</EM> calls such as <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">printw(3x)</A></STRONG> do
+       not.
 
-</PRE>
-<H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS">NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS</a></H3><PRE>
-       During initialization, the <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library checks for spe-
-       cial cases where VT100 line-drawing (and the corresponding
-       alternate character set  capabilities)  described  in  the
-       terminfo are known to be missing.  Specifically, when run-
-       ning in a UTF-8 locale, the Linux console emulator and the
-       GNU  screen program ignore these.  Ncurses checks the TERM
-       environment variable for these.  For other special  cases,
-       you  should  set  this  environment  variable.  Doing this
-       tells ncurses to use Unicode values  which  correspond  to
-       the VT100 line-drawing glyphs.  That works for the special
-       cases cited, and is likely to work for terminal emulators.
 
-       When setting this variable, you should set it to a nonzero
-       value.   Setting  it  to zero (or to a nonnumber) disables
-       the special check for "linux" and "screen".
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS"><EM>NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS</EM></a></H3><PRE>
+       At initialization, <EM>ncurses</EM> inspects the <EM>TERM</EM> environment  variable  for
+       special   cases   where   VT100   forms-drawing   characters  (and  the
+       corresponding alternate character set <EM>terminfo</EM> capabilities) are  known
+       to  be  unsupported  by  terminal  types  that  otherwise  claim  VT100
+       compatibility.  Specifically, when running in a UTF-8 locale, the Linux
+       virtual  console device and the GNU <STRONG>screen(1)</STRONG> program ignore them.  Set
+       this  variable  to  a  nonzero  value  to  instruct  <EM>ncurses</EM>  that  the
+       terminal's ACS support is broken; the library then outputs Unicode code
+       points that correspond to the forms-drawing characters.  Set it to zero
+       (or a non-integer) to disable the special check for terminal type names
+       matching "linux" or "screen", directing <EM>ncurses</EM> to assume that the  ACS
+       feature works if the terminal type description advertises it.
 
-       As an alternative to  the  environment  variable,  ncurses
-       checks  for an extended terminfo capability <STRONG>U8</STRONG>.  This is a
-       numeric capability which can  be  compiled  using  <STRONG>tic</STRONG> <STRONG>-x</STRONG>.
-       For example
+       As  an  alternative  to  use  of  this  variable, <EM>ncurses</EM> checks for an
+       extended <EM>terminfo</EM> numeric capability <STRONG>U8</STRONG> that can be compiled using "<STRONG>tic</STRONG>
+       <STRONG>-x</STRONG>".  Examples follow.
 
           # linux console, if patched to provide working
           # VT100 shift-in/shift-out, with corresponding font.
@@ -1050,349 +1028,455 @@
           xterm-utf8|xterm relying on UTF-8 line-graphics,
                   U8#1, use=xterm,
 
-       The name "U8" is chosen to be two characters, to permit it
-       to be used  by  applications  that  use  ncurses'  termcap
-       interface.
+       The  two-character name "U8" was chosen to permit its use via <EM>ncurses</EM>'s
+       <EM>termcap</EM> interface.
 
 
-</PRE>
-<H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_TRACE">NCURSES_TRACE</a></H3><PRE>
-       During   initialization,  the  <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>  debugging  library
-       checks the NCURSES_TRACE environment variable.  If  it  is
-       defined, to a numeric value, <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> calls the <STRONG>trace</STRONG> func-
-       tion, using that value as the argument.
-
-       The argument values, which are defined in  <STRONG>curses.h</STRONG>,  pro-
-       vide  several  types  of  information.   When running with
-       traces enabled, your application will write the file <STRONG>trace</STRONG>
-       to the current directory.
-
-       See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG> for more information.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-NCURSES_TRACE"><EM>NCURSES_TRACE</EM></a></H3><PRE>
+       At initialization, <EM>ncurses</EM> (in its debugging configuration) checks  for
+       this  variable's  presence.   If  defined  with  an integral value, the
+       library calls <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curses_trace(3x)</A></STRONG> with that value as the argument.
 
 
-</PRE>
-<H3><a name="h3-TERM">TERM</a></H3><PRE>
-       Denotes  your  terminal  type.  Each terminal type is dis-
-       tinct, though many are similar.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-TERM"><EM>TERM</EM></a></H3><PRE>
+       The <EM>TERM</EM> variable denotes the terminal type.  Each is distinct,  though
+       many  are  similar.   It  is commonly set by terminal emulators to help
+       applications find a  workable  terminal  description.   Some  choose  a
+       popular  approximation  such as "ansi", "vt100", or "xterm" rather than
+       an exact fit to their capabilities.  Not infrequently,  an  application
+       will  have  problems  with that approach; for example, a key stroke may
+       not operate  correctly,  or  produce  no  effect  but  seeming  garbage
+       characters on the screen.
 
-       <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> is commonly set by terminal emulators to help  appli-
-       cations  find  a  workable  terminal description.  Some of
-       those  choose  a  popular  approximation,  e.g.,   "ansi",
-       "vt100",  "xterm"  rather  than  an exact fit.  Not infre-
-       quently, your application will  have  problems  with  that
-       approach, e.g., incorrect function-key definitions.
-
-       If  you  set <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> in your environment, it has no effect on
-       the operation of the terminal emulator.  It  only  affects
-       the  way applications work within the terminal.  Likewise,
-       as a general rule (<STRONG>xterm</STRONG> being a rare exception), terminal
-       emulators  which  allow you to specify <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> as a parameter
-       or configuration value do not  change  their  behavior  to
-       match that setting.
+       Setting  <EM>TERM</EM>  has  no effect on hardware operation; it affects the way
+       applications communicate with the terminal.   Likewise,  as  a  general
+       rule  (<STRONG>xterm(1)</STRONG>  being a rare exception), terminal emulators that allow
+       you to specify <EM>TERM</EM> as a parameter or configuration value do not change
+       their behavior to match that setting.
 
 
-</PRE>
-<H3><a name="h3-TERMCAP">TERMCAP</a></H3><PRE>
-       If  the  <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>  library has been configured with <EM>termcap</EM>
-       support, <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> will check for a  terminal's  description
-       in  termcap  form  if  it is not available in the terminfo
-       database.
-
-       The TERMCAP environment variable contains either a  termi-
-       nal  description  (with  newlines stripped out), or a file
-       name telling where the information  denoted  by  the  TERM
-       environment  variable  exists.  In either case, setting it
-       directs <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> to ignore the usual place for this  infor-
-       mation, e.g., /etc/termcap.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-TERMCAP"><EM>TERMCAP</EM></a></H3><PRE>
+       If <EM>ncurses</EM> is configured with <EM>termcap</EM> support, it checks for a terminal
+       type description in <EM>termcap</EM> format if one in  <EM>terminfo</EM>  format  is  not
+       available.   Setting  this variable directs <EM>ncurses</EM> to ignore the usual
+       <EM>termcap</EM> database location, <EM>/etc/termcap</EM>; see <EM>TERMPATH</EM>  below.   <EM>TERMCAP</EM>
+       should  contain  either  a terminal description (with newlines stripped
+       out), or a file name indicating where the information required  by  the
+       <EM>TERM</EM> environment variable is stored.
 
 
-</PRE>
-<H3><a name="h3-TERMINFO">TERMINFO</a></H3><PRE>
-       Overrides the directory in which <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> searches for your
-       terminal description.  This is the simplest, but  not  the
-       only  way to change the list of directories.  The complete
-       list of directories in order follows:
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-TERMINFO"><EM>TERMINFO</EM></a></H3><PRE>
+       <EM>ncurses</EM>  can  be configured to read terminal type description databases
+       in various locations using different formats.  This variable  overrides
+       the default location.
 
-          <STRONG>o</STRONG>   the last directory to which <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> wrote, if  any,
-              is searched first
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   Descriptions  in <EM>terminfo</EM> format are normally stored in a directory
+           tree using subdirectories named by the common first letters of  the
+           terminal types named therein.  This is the scheme used in System V.
 
-          <STRONG>o</STRONG>   the directory specified by the TERMINFO environment
-              variable
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   If <EM>ncurses</EM> is configured to use hashed databases, then <EM>TERMINFO</EM> may
+           name its location,  such  as  <EM>/usr/share/terminfo.db</EM>,  rather  than
+           <EM>/usr/share/terminfo/</EM>.
 
-          <STRONG>o</STRONG>   $HOME/.terminfo
+       The  hashed  database  uses less disk space and is a little faster than
+       the directory tree.  However, some applications assume the existence of
+       the directory tree, and read it directly rather than using the <EM>terminfo</EM>
+       API.
 
-          <STRONG>o</STRONG>   directories listed in the TERMINFO_DIRS environment
-              variable
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   If <EM>ncurses</EM> is configured with <EM>termcap</EM> support,  this  variable  may
+           contain the location of a <EM>termcap</EM> file.
 
-          <STRONG>o</STRONG>   one  or more directories whose names are configured
-              and compiled into the ncurses library, i.e.,
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   If the value of <EM>TERMINFO</EM> begins with "hex:" or "b64:", <EM>ncurses</EM> uses
+           the remainder of the value as a compiled <EM>terminfo</EM> description.  You
+           might produce the base64 format using <STRONG><A HREF="infocmp.1m.html">infocmp(1m)</A></STRONG>.
 
-             <STRONG>o</STRONG>   /usr/local/ncurses/share/ter-
-                 minfo:/usr/share/terminfo  (corresponding to the
-                 TERMINFO_DIRS variable)
+                  TERMINFO=$(infocmp -0 -Q2 -q)
+                  export TERMINFO
 
-             <STRONG>o</STRONG>   /usr/share/terminfo (corresponding to  the  TER-
-                 MINFO variable)
+           The  compiled  description  is  used  only if it corresponds to the
+           terminal type identified by <EM>TERM</EM>.
+
+       Setting <EM>TERMINFO</EM> is the simplest, but  not  the  only,  way  to  direct
+       <EM>ncurses</EM> to a terminal database.  The search path is as follows.
+
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   the last terminal database to which the running <EM>ncurses</EM> application
+           wrote, if any
+
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   the location specified by the <EM>TERMINFO</EM> environment variable
+
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   <EM>$HOME/.terminfo</EM>
+
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   locations listed in the <EM>TERMINFO</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>DIRS</EM> environment variable
+
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   location(s) configured and compiled into <EM>ncurses</EM>
+
+          <STRONG>o</STRONG>   <EM>/usr/share/terminfo</EM>
 
 
-</PRE>
-<H3><a name="h3-TERMINFO_DIRS">TERMINFO_DIRS</a></H3><PRE>
-       Specifies  a  list  of  directories to search for terminal
-       descriptions.  The list is separated by colons (i.e., ":")
-       on Unix, semicolons on OS/2 EMX.
-
-       All  of  the  terminal  descriptions are in terminfo form.
-       Normally these are stored in a directory tree, using  sub-
-       directories  named  by  the  first  letter of the terminal
-       names therein.
-
-       If <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> is built with  a  hashed  database,  then  each
-       entry in this list can also be the path of the correspond-
-       ing database file.
-
-       If <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> is built with a  support  for  reading  termcap
-       files directly, then an entry in this list may be the path
-       of a termcap file.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-TERMINFO_DIRS"><EM>TERMINFO_DIRS</EM></a></H3><PRE>
+       This variable specifies a list of locations, akin  to  <EM>PATH</EM>,  in  which
+       <EM>ncurses</EM>  searches  for  the  terminal  type  descriptions  described by
+       <EM>TERMINFO</EM> above.  The list items are separated by  colons  on  Unix  and
+       semicolons  on  OS/2  EMX.   System V  <EM>terminfo</EM>  lacks  a corresponding
+       feature; <EM>TERMINFO</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>DIRS</EM> is an <EM>ncurses</EM> extension.
 
 
-</PRE>
-<H3><a name="h3-TERMPATH">TERMPATH</a></H3><PRE>
-       If TERMCAP does not hold a file name then  <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>  checks
-       the  TERMPATH  environment  variable.   This  is a list of
-       filenames separated by spaces or  colons  (i.e.,  ":")  on
-       Unix, semicolons on OS/2 EMX.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-TERMPATH"><EM>TERMPATH</EM></a></H3><PRE>
+       If <EM>TERMCAP</EM> does not hold a terminal type description or file name, then
+       <EM>ncurses</EM>  checks  the contents of <EM>TERMPATH</EM>, a list of locations, akin to
+       <EM>PATH</EM>, in which it searches for <EM>termcap</EM> terminal type descriptions.  The
+       list items are separated by colons on Unix and semicolons on OS/2 EMX.
 
-       If  the  TERMPATH environment variable is not set, <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>
-       looks in the files  /etc/termcap,  /usr/share/misc/termcap
-       and $HOME/.termcap, in that order.
-
-       The  library  may be configured to disregard the following
-       variables when the current user is the  superuser  (root),
-       or if the application uses setuid or setgid permissions:
-
-       $TERMINFO, $TERMINFO_DIRS, $TERMPATH, as well as $HOME.
+       If both <EM>TERMCAP</EM> and <EM>TERMPATH</EM> are unset or invalid, <EM>ncurses</EM> searches for
+       the files <EM>/etc/termcap</EM>, <EM>/usr/share/misc/termcap</EM>, and <EM>$HOME/.termcap</EM>, in
+       that order.
 
 
-</PRE>
-<H2><a name="h2-ALTERNATE-CONFIGURATIONS">ALTERNATE CONFIGURATIONS</a></H2><PRE>
-       Several  different  configurations are possible, depending
-       on  the  configure  script  options  used  when   building
-       <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>.   There  are a few main options whose effects are
-       visible to the applications developer using <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>:
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-ALTERNATE-CONFIGURATIONS">ALTERNATE CONFIGURATIONS</a></H2><PRE>
+       Many  different  <EM>ncurses</EM> configurations are possible, determined by the
+       options given to the <EM>configure</EM> script when building the  library.   Run
+       the  script  with  the  <STRONG>--help</STRONG> option to peruse them all.  A few are of
+       particular significance to the application developer employing <EM>ncurses</EM>.
 
-       --disable-overwrite
-            The standard include for <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> is as noted in  <STRONG>SYN-</STRONG>
-            <STRONG>OPSIS</STRONG>:
+       <STRONG>--disable-overwrite</STRONG>
+            The standard include for <EM>ncurses</EM> is as noted in <STRONG>SYNOPSIS</STRONG>:
 
-          <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG>&lt;curses.h&gt;</STRONG>
+                <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG>&lt;curses.h&gt;</STRONG>
 
-            This  option is used to avoid filename conflicts when
-            <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> is not the main implementation of  curses  of
-            the  computer.   If  <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>  is  installed disabling
-            overwrite, it puts its  headers  in  a  subdirectory,
-            e.g.,
+            This option is used to avoid filename conflicts  when  <EM>ncurses</EM>  is
+            not the main implementation of curses of the computer.  If <EM>ncurses</EM>
+            is installed  disabling  overwrite,  it  puts  its  headers  in  a
+            subdirectory, e.g.,
 
-          <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG>&lt;ncurses/curses.h&gt;</STRONG>
+                <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG>&lt;ncurses/curses.h&gt;</STRONG>
 
-            It  also  omits a symbolic link which would allow you
-            to use <STRONG>-lcurses</STRONG> to build executables.
+            It  also  omits  a  symbolic  link  which  would  allow you to use
+            <STRONG>-lcurses</STRONG> to build executables.
 
-       --enable-widec
-            The configure script renames the library and (if  the
-            <STRONG>--disable-overwrite</STRONG>  option  is used) puts the header
-            files  in  a  different  subdirectory.   All  of  the
-            library  names  have  a  "w"  appended to them, i.e.,
-            instead of
+       <STRONG>--enable-widec</STRONG>
+            The  configure  script   renames   the   library   and   (if   the
+            <STRONG>--disable-overwrite</STRONG>  option  is  used)  puts the header files in a
+            different subdirectory.  All of  the  library  names  have  a  "w"
+            appended to them, i.e., instead of
 
-          <STRONG>-lncurses</STRONG>
+                <STRONG>-lncurses</STRONG>
 
             you link with
 
-          <STRONG>-lncursesw</STRONG>
+                <STRONG>-lncursesw</STRONG>
 
-            You must also define <STRONG>_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED</STRONG> when com-
-            piling  for  the  wide-character  library  to use the
-            extended (wide-character)  functions.   The  <STRONG>curses.h</STRONG>
-            file   which  is  installed  for  the  wide-character
-            library is designed to be compatible with the  normal
-            library's header.  Only the size of the <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> struc-
-            ture differs, and very few applications require  more
-            than  a  pointer  to  <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG>s.   If  the  headers are
-            installed  allowing  overwrite,  the   wide-character
-            library's  headers should be installed last, to allow
-            applications to be built using  either  library  from
-            the same set of headers.
+            You  must  also  enable  the wide-character features in the header
+            file when compiling for the  wide-character  library  to  use  the
+            extended  (wide-character)  functions.   The  symbol which enables
+            these features has changed since X/Open Curses, Issue 4:
 
-       --with-pthread
-            The configure script renames the library.  All of the
-            library names have a "t" appended to them (before any
-            "w" added by <STRONG>--enable-widec</STRONG>).
+            <STRONG>o</STRONG>   Originally, the wide-character  feature  required  the  symbol
+                <STRONG>_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED</STRONG>  but  that  was  only  valid  for  XPG4
+                (1996).
 
-            The  global  variables  such as <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> are replaced by
-            macros to allow read-only access.  At the same  time,
-            setter-functions  are  provided  to set these values.
-            Some applications (very few) may require  changes  to
-            work with this convention.
+            <STRONG>o</STRONG>   Later, that was deemed conflicting with <STRONG>_XOPEN_SOURCE</STRONG>  defined
+                to 500.
 
-       --with-shared
+            <STRONG>o</STRONG>   As  of  mid-2018,  none of the features in this implementation
+                require a <STRONG>_XOPEN_SOURCE</STRONG> feature greater  than  600.   However,
+                X/Open Curses, Issue 7 (2009) recommends defining it to 700.
 
-       --with-normal
+            <STRONG>o</STRONG>   Alternatively,   you   can  enable  the  feature  by  defining
+                <STRONG>NCURSES_WIDECHAR</STRONG> with the caveat that some other  header  file
+                than  <STRONG>curses.h</STRONG>  may require a specific value for <STRONG>_XOPEN_SOURCE</STRONG>
+                (or a system-specific symbol).
 
-       --with-debug
+            The <EM>curses.h</EM> header file installed for the wide-character  library
+            is  designed  to be compatible with the non-wide library's header.
+            Only the size of the <EM>WINDOW</EM> structure  differs;  few  applications
+            require more than pointers to <EM>WINDOW</EM>s.
 
-       --with-profile
-            The  shared  and normal (static) library names differ
-            by their  suffixes,  e.g.,  <STRONG>libncurses.so</STRONG>  and  <STRONG>libn-</STRONG>
-            <STRONG>curses.a</STRONG>.   The  debug  and profiling libraries add a
-            "_g" and a "_p" to the root names respectively, e.g.,
-            <STRONG>libncurses_g.a</STRONG> and <STRONG>libncurses_p.a</STRONG>.
+            If  the  headers  are  installed  allowing  overwrite,  the  wide-
+            character library's headers should be  installed  last,  to  allow
+            applications to be built using either library from the same set of
+            headers.
 
-       --with-trace
-            The  <STRONG>trace</STRONG>  function  normally  resides  in the debug
-            library, but it is sometimes useful to configure this
-            in  the  shared  library.   Configure  scripts should
-            check for the function's existence rather than assum-
-            ing it is always in the debug library.
+       <STRONG>--with-pthread</STRONG>
+            The configure script renames the  library.   All  of  the  library
+            names  have  a  "t"  appended  to  them  (before  any "w" added by
+            <STRONG>--enable-widec</STRONG>).
+
+            The global variables such as <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> are replaced by macros to allow
+            read-only access.  At the same time, setter-functions are provided
+            to set these values.  Some applications  (very  few)  may  require
+            changes to work with this convention.
+
+       <STRONG>--with-shared</STRONG>
+       <STRONG>--with-normal</STRONG>
+       <STRONG>--with-debug</STRONG>
+       <STRONG>--with-profile</STRONG>
+            The  shared  and  normal  (static)  library  names differ by their
+            suffixes, e.g., <STRONG>libncurses.so</STRONG> and  <STRONG>libncurses.a</STRONG>.   The  debug  and
+            profiling  libraries  add  a  "_g"  and  a  "_p" to the root names
+            respectively, e.g., <STRONG>libncurses_g.a</STRONG> and <STRONG>libncurses_p.a</STRONG>.
+
+       <STRONG>--with-termlib</STRONG>
+            Low-level functions which do not depend upon whether  the  library
+            supports wide-characters, are provided in the tinfo library.
+
+            By  doing  this, it is possible to share the tinfo library between
+            wide/normal configurations as well  as  reduce  the  size  of  the
+            library when only low-level functions are needed.
+
+            Those functions are described in these pages:
+
+            <STRONG>o</STRONG>   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_extend.3x.html">curs_extend(3x)</A></STRONG> - miscellaneous <EM>curses</EM> extensions
+
+            <STRONG>o</STRONG>   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG> - <EM>curses</EM> input options
+
+            <STRONG>o</STRONG>   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG> - low-level <EM>curses</EM> routines
+
+            <STRONG>o</STRONG>   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termattrs.3x.html">curs_termattrs(3x)</A></STRONG> - <EM>curses</EM> environment query routines
+
+            <STRONG>o</STRONG>   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">curs_termcap(3x)</A></STRONG> - <EM>curses</EM> emulation of <EM>termcap</EM>
+
+            <STRONG>o</STRONG>   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG> - <EM>curses</EM> interface to <EM>terminfo</EM> database
+
+            <STRONG>o</STRONG>   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG> - miscellaneous <EM>curses</EM> utility routines
+
+       <STRONG>--with-trace</STRONG>
+            The  <STRONG>trace</STRONG>  function normally resides in the debug library, but it
+            is sometimes useful to  configure  this  in  the  shared  library.
+            Configure scripts should check for the function's existence rather
+            than assuming it is always in the debug library.
 
 
-</PRE>
-<H2><a name="h2-FILES">FILES</a></H2><PRE>
-       /usr/share/tabset
-            directory  containing  initialization  files  for the
-            terminal capability database /usr/share/terminfo ter-
-            minal capability database
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-FILES">FILES</a></H2><PRE>
+       <EM>/usr/share/tabset</EM>
+              tab stop initialization database
+
+       <EM>/usr/share/terminfo</EM>
+              compiled terminal capability database
 
 
-</PRE>
-<H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
-       <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>  and  related  pages whose names begin "curs_"
-       for detailed routine descriptions.
-       <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></H2><PRE>
+       X/Open Curses permits most functions it specifies to be made  available
+       as macros as well.  <EM>ncurses</EM> does so
+
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   for functions that return values via their parameters,
+
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   to support obsolete features,
+
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   to  reuse functions (for example, those that move the cursor before
+           another operation), and
+
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   a few special cases.
+
+       If the standard  output  file  descriptor  of  an  <EM>ncurses</EM>  program  is
+       redirected  to  something  that  is  not a terminal device, the library
+       writes screen updates to the standard error file descriptor.  This  was
+       an undocumented feature of SVr3 <EM>curses</EM>.
+
+       See  subsection  "Header  Files"  below  regarding  symbols  exposed by
+       inclusion of <EM>curses.h</EM>.
 
 
-</PRE>
-<H2><a name="h2-EXTENSIONS">EXTENSIONS</a></H2><PRE>
-       The  <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>  library  can  be  compiled  with  an  option
-       (<STRONG>-DUSE_GETCAP</STRONG>) that falls back to the old-style /etc/term-
-       cap file if the terminal setup code cannot find a terminfo
-       entry  corresponding  to <STRONG>TERM</STRONG>.  Use of this feature is not
-       recommended, as it essentially includes an entire  termcap
-       compiler  in the <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> startup code, at significant cost
-       in core and startup cycles.
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-EXTENSIONS">EXTENSIONS</a></H2><PRE>
+       <EM>ncurses</EM> enables an application  to  capture  mouse  events  on  certain
+       terminals, including <STRONG>xterm(1)</STRONG>; see <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG>.
 
-       The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>  library  includes  facilities  for  capturing
-       mouse  events on certain terminals (including xterm).  See
-       the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG> manual page for details.
+       <EM>ncurses</EM>  provides  a  means of responding to window resizing events, as
+       when running in a GUI terminal emulator application such as <EM>xterm</EM>;  see
+       <STRONG><A HREF="resizeterm.3x.html">resizeterm(3x)</A></STRONG> and <STRONG><A HREF="wresize.3x.html">wresize(3x)</A></STRONG>.
 
-       The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library includes facilities for responding  to
-       window  resizing  events,  e.g., when running in an xterm.
-       See the <STRONG><A HREF="resizeterm.3x.html">resizeterm(3x)</A></STRONG> and <STRONG><A HREF="wresize.3x.html">wresize(3x)</A></STRONG>  manual  pages  for
-       details.   In addition, the library may be configured with
-       a SIGWINCH handler.
+       <EM>ncurses</EM> allows an application to query the terminal for the presence of
+       a wide variety of special keys; see <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">has_key(3x)</A></STRONG>.
 
-       The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library extends the fixed set of function  key
-       capabilities  of  terminals  by  allowing  the application
-       designer to define additional key  sequences  at  runtime.
-       See the <STRONG><A HREF="define_key.3x.html">define_key(3x)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="key_defined.3x.html">key_defined(3x)</A></STRONG>, and <STRONG><A HREF="keyok.3x.html">keyok(3x)</A></STRONG> man-
-       ual pages for details.
+       <EM>ncurses</EM> extends the fixed set of function key capabilities specified by
+       X/Open   Curses  by  allowing  the  application  programmer  to  define
+       additional key events at runtime; see <STRONG><A HREF="define_key.3x.html">define_key(3x)</A></STRONG>,  <STRONG><A HREF="key_defined.3x.html">key_defined(3x)</A></STRONG>,
+       <STRONG><A HREF="keybound.3x.html">keybound(3x)</A></STRONG>, and <STRONG><A HREF="keyok.3x.html">keyok(3x)</A></STRONG>.
 
-       The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library can exploit the capabilities of termi-
-       nals  which  implement the ISO-6429 SGR 39 and SGR 49 con-
-       trols, which allow an application to reset the terminal to
-       its  original  foreground and background colors.  From the
-       users' perspective, the application is able to  draw  col-
-       ored  text  on  a  background  whose color is set indepen-
-       dently, providing better  control  over  color  contrasts.
-       See the <STRONG><A HREF="default_colors.3x.html">default_colors(3x)</A></STRONG> manual page for details.
+       <EM>ncurses</EM>   can   exploit  the  capabilities  of  terminals  implementing
+       ISO 6429/ECMA-48  SGR 39  and  SGR 49   sequences,   which   allow   an
+       application  to  reset  the  terminal  to  its  original foreground and
+       background colors.  From a user's perspective, the application is  able
+       to  draw colored text on a background whose color is set independently,
+       providing better control over color contrasts.  See <STRONG><A HREF="default_colors.3x.html">default_colors(3x)</A></STRONG>.
 
-       The  <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>  library  includes  a  function for directing
-       application output to a printer attached to  the  terminal
-       device.  See the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_print.3x.html">curs_print(3x)</A></STRONG> manual page for details.
+       An  <EM>ncurses</EM>  application  can  eschew  knowledge  of  <EM>WINDOW</EM>  structure
+       internals, instead using accessor functions such as <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">is_scrollok(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+
+       <EM>ncurses</EM>  enables  an  application  to  direct  application  output to a
+       printer attached to the terminal device; see <STRONG><A HREF="curs_print.3x.html">curs_print(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+
+       <EM>ncurses</EM> offers <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">slk_attr(3x)</A></STRONG> as a counterpart of <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">attr_get(3x)</A></STRONG> for  soft-
+       label  key lines, and <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">extended_slk_color(3x)</A></STRONG> as a form of <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">slk_color(3x)</A></STRONG>
+       that can gather color  information  from  them  when  many  colors  are
+       supported.
+
+       Some  extensions  are available only if <EM>ncurses</EM> permits modification of
+       <STRONG><A HREF="unctrl.3x.html">unctrl(3x)</A></STRONG>'s behavior; see <STRONG><A HREF="legacy_coding.3x.html">use_legacy_coding(3x)</A></STRONG>.  <EM>ncurses</EM> is  compiled
+       to support them; section "ALTERNATE CONFIGURATIONS" describes how.
+
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   Rudimentary   support   for   multi-threaded  applications  may  be
+           available; see <STRONG><A HREF="curs_threads.3x.html">curs_threads(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   Functions that ease the  management  of  multiple  screens  can  be
+           exposed; see <STRONG><A HREF="curs_sp_funcs.3x.html">curs_sp_funcs(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   To aid applications to debug their memory usage, <EM>ncurses</EM> optionally
+           offers functions to more aggressively free  memory  it  dynamically
+           allocates itself; see <STRONG><A HREF="curs_memleaks.3x.html">curs_memleaks(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   The   library  facilitates  auditing  and  troubleshooting  of  its
+           behavior; see <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>.
+
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   The compiler option <STRONG>-DUSE_GETCAP</STRONG> causes the library to fall back to
+           reading <EM>/etc/termcap</EM> if the terminal setup code cannot find a <EM>term-</EM>
+           <EM>info</EM> entry corresponding to <EM>TERM</EM>.   Use  of  this  feature  is  not
+           recommended,  as it essentially includes an entire <EM>termcap</EM> compiler
+           in the <EM>ncurses</EM>  startup  code,  at  a  cost  in  memory  usage  and
+           application launch latency.
+
+       <EM>PDCurses</EM>   and  NetBSD  <EM>curses</EM>  incorporate  some  <EM>ncurses</EM>  extensions.
+       Individual man pages indicate where this is the case.
 
 
-</PRE>
-<H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
-       The  <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>  library is intended to be BASE-level confor-
-       mant with XSI Curses.  The EXTENDED XSI Curses functional-
-       ity (including color support) is supported.
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
+       X/Open Curses defines two levels of conformance, "base" and "enhanced".
+       The latter includes several additional features, such as wide-character
+       and color support.  <EM>ncurses</EM> intends base-level conformance with  X/Open
+       Curses,  and  supports  all  features  of its enhanced level except the
+       <STRONG>untic</STRONG> utility.
 
-       A  small  number of local differences (that is, individual
-       differences between the XSI Curses and <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> calls)  are
-       described  in  <STRONG>PORTABILITY</STRONG>  sections  of  the  library man
-       pages.
-
-       Unlike other implementations, this one  checks  parameters
-       such  as  pointers to WINDOW structures to ensure they are
-       not null.  The main reason for providing this behavior  is
-       to guard against programmer error.  The standard interface
-       does not provide a way for the library to tell an applica-
-       tion  which  of  several  possible  errors  were detected.
-       Relying on this (or some other) extension  will  adversely
-       affect the portability of curses applications.
-
-       This implementation also contains several extensions:
-
-       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   The  routine  <STRONG>has_key</STRONG>  is  not part of XPG4, nor is it
-           present in SVr4.  See the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>  manual  page
-           for details.
-
-       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   The  routine  <STRONG>slk_attr</STRONG>  is not part of XPG4, nor is it
-           present in SVr4.  See the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_slk.3x.html">curs_slk(3x)</A></STRONG> manual page for
-           details.
-
-       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   The routines <STRONG>getmouse</STRONG>, <STRONG>mousemask</STRONG>, <STRONG>ungetmouse</STRONG>, <STRONG>mousein-</STRONG>
-           <STRONG>terval</STRONG>, and <STRONG>wenclose</STRONG> relating to mouse interfacing are
-           not  part  of XPG4, nor are they present in SVr4.  See
-           the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></STRONG> manual page for details.
-
-       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   The routine <STRONG>mcprint</STRONG> was not present  in  any  previous
-           curses  implementation.  See the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_print.3x.html">curs_print(3x)</A></STRONG> manual
-           page for details.
-
-       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   The routine <STRONG>wresize</STRONG> is not part of  XPG4,  nor  is  it
-           present  in SVr4.  See the <STRONG><A HREF="wresize.3x.html">wresize(3x)</A></STRONG> manual page for
-           details.
-
-       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   The WINDOW structure's internal details can be  hidden
-           from  application  programs.   See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_opaque.3x.html">curs_opaque(3x)</A></STRONG> for
-           the discussion of <STRONG>is_scrollok</STRONG>, etc.
-
-       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   This implementation can be configured to provide rudi-
-           mentary  support for multi-threaded applications.  See
-           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_threads.3x.html">curs_threads(3x)</A></STRONG> for details.
-
-       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   This implementation can also be configured to  provide
-           a set of functions which improve the ability to manage
-           multiple screens.  See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_sp_funcs.3x.html">curs_sp_funcs(3x)</A></STRONG> for details.
-
-       In historic curses versions, delays embedded in the  capa-
-       bilities <STRONG>cr</STRONG>, <STRONG>ind</STRONG>, <STRONG>cub1</STRONG>, <STRONG>ff</STRONG> and <STRONG>tab</STRONG> activated corresponding
-       delay bits in the UNIX tty driver.   In  this  implementa-
-       tion,  all  padding  is  done  by sending NUL bytes.  This
-       method is slightly more expensive, but narrows the  inter-
-       face  to  the  UNIX kernel significantly and increases the
-       package's portability correspondingly.
+       Differences between X/Open Curses and <EM>ncurses</EM>  are  documented  in  the
+       "PORTABILITY" sections of applicable man pages.
 
 
-</PRE>
-<H2><a name="h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></H2><PRE>
-       The header  file  <STRONG>&lt;curses.h&gt;</STRONG>  automatically  includes  the
-       header files <STRONG>&lt;stdio.h&gt;</STRONG> and <STRONG>&lt;unctrl.h&gt;</STRONG>.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Error-Checking">Error Checking</a></H3><PRE>
+       In  many cases, X/Open Curses is vague about error conditions, omitting
+       some of the SVr4 documentation.
 
-       If  standard  output from a <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> program is re-directed
-       to something which is not a tty, screen  updates  will  be
-       directed to standard error.  This was an undocumented fea-
-       ture of AT&amp;T System V Release 3 curses.
+       Unlike other implementations, <EM>ncurses</EM> checks pointer  parameters,  such
+       as  those to <EM>WINDOW</EM> structures, to ensure that they are not null.  This
+       is done primarily to guard  against  programmer  error.   The  standard
+       interface does not provide a way for the library to tell an application
+       which of several possible errors occurred.  Relying on  this  (or  some
+       other)   extension   adversely   affects   the  portability  of  <EM>curses</EM>
+       applications.
 
 
-</PRE>
-<H2><a name="h2-AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></H2><PRE>
-       Zeyd M. Ben-Halim, Eric  S.  Raymond,  Thomas  E.  Dickey.
-       Based on pcurses by Pavel Curtis.
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Padding-Differences">Padding Differences</a></H3><PRE>
+       In historical <EM>curses</EM> implementations, delays embedded in  the  <EM>terminfo</EM>
+       capabilities  <STRONG>carriage_return</STRONG>  (<STRONG>cr</STRONG>),  <STRONG>scroll_forward</STRONG> (<STRONG>ind</STRONG>), <STRONG>cursor_left</STRONG>
+       (<STRONG>cub1</STRONG>), <STRONG>form_feed</STRONG> (<STRONG>ff</STRONG>), and <STRONG>tab</STRONG> (<STRONG>ht</STRONG>) activated corresponding delay bits
+       in  the  Unix terminal driver.  <EM>ncurses</EM> performs all padding by sending
+       NUL bytes to the device.  This method is slightly more  expensive,  but
+       narrows   the   interface   to   the   Unix  kernel  significantly  and
+       correspondingly increases the package's portability.
+
+
+</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Header-Files">Header Files</a></H3><PRE>
+       The header file <EM>curses.h</EM> itself includes the header files  <EM>stdio.h</EM>  and
+       <EM>unctrl.h</EM>.
+
+       X/Open Curses has more to say,
+
+           The  inclusion  of  <EM>curses.h</EM>  may make visible all symbols from the
+           headers <EM>stdio.h</EM>, <EM>term.h</EM>, <EM>termios.h</EM>, and <EM>wchar.h</EM>.
+
+       but does not finish the story.  A more complete account follows.
+
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   Starting with 4BSD <EM>curses</EM> (1980) all implementations have  provided
+           a <EM>curses.h</EM> file.
+
+           BSD  <EM>curses</EM>  code  included  <EM>curses.h</EM> and <EM>unctrl.h</EM> from an internal
+           header file <EM>curses.ext</EM>, where "ext" abbreviated "externs".
+
+           The implementations of <EM>printw</EM> and <EM>scanw</EM> used undocumented  internal
+           functions  of  the  standard I/O library (<STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>doprnt</EM> and <STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>doscan</EM>), but
+           nothing in <EM>curses.h</EM> itself relied upon <EM>stdio.h</EM>.
+
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   SVr2 <EM>curses</EM> added <EM>newterm</EM>, which relies upon  <EM>stdio.h</EM>  because  its
+           function prototype employs the <EM>FILE</EM> type.
+
+           SVr4 <EM>curses</EM> added <EM>putwin</EM> and <EM>getwin</EM>, which also use <EM>stdio.h</EM>.
+
+           X/Open Curses specifies all three of these functions.
+
+           SVr4  <EM>curses</EM>  and  X/Open  Curses  do  not require the developer to
+           include <EM>stdio.h</EM> before <EM>curses.h</EM>.  Both document use  of  <EM>curses</EM>  as
+           requiring only <EM>curses.h</EM>.
+
+           As a result, standard <EM>curses.h</EM> always includes <EM>stdio.h</EM>.
+
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   X/Open  Curses  and  SVr4  <EM>curses</EM>  are inconsistent with respect to
+           <EM>unctrl.h</EM>.
+
+           As noted in <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>, <EM>ncurses</EM> includes <EM>unctrl.h</EM> from  <EM>curses.h</EM>
+           (as SVr4 does).
+
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   X/Open  Curses's  comments  about <EM>term.h</EM> and <EM>termios.h</EM> may refer to
+           HP-UX and AIX.
+
+           HP-UX <EM>curses</EM> includes <EM>term.h</EM> from <EM>curses.h</EM> to declare <EM>setupterm</EM>  in
+           <EM>curses.h</EM>, but <EM>ncurses</EM> and Solaris <EM>curses</EM> do not.
+
+           AIX  <EM>curses</EM>  includes  <EM>term.h</EM>  and  termios.h<EM>.</EM>   Again, <EM>ncurses</EM> and
+           Solaris <EM>curses</EM> do not.
+
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   X/Open Curses says that <EM>curses.h</EM> <STRONG>may</STRONG> include <EM>term.h</EM>, but  does  not
+           require it to do so.
+
+           Some  programs  use functions declared in both <EM>curses.h</EM> and <EM>term.h</EM>,
+           and must include both header files in the same  module.   Very  old
+           versions  of  AIX  <EM>curses</EM>  required  inclusion  of  <EM>curses.h</EM> before
+           <EM>term.h</EM>.
+
+           The header files supplied by <EM>ncurses</EM> include the  standard  library
+           headers  required  for  its  declarations,  so <EM>ncurses</EM>'s own header
+           files can be included in  any  order.   But  for  portability,  you
+           should include <EM>curses.h</EM> before <EM>term.h</EM>.
+
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   X/Open  Curses  says  "may make visible" because including a header
+           file does not necessarily make visible all of  the  symbols  in  it
+           (consider <STRONG>#ifdef</STRONG> and similar).
+
+           For  instance, <EM>ncurses</EM>'s <EM>curses.h</EM> <STRONG>may</STRONG> include <EM>wchar.h</EM> if the proper
+           symbol is defined, and if <EM>ncurses</EM> is configured for  wide-character
+           support.   If  <EM>wchar.h</EM> is included, its symbols <STRONG>may</STRONG> be made visible
+           depending on the value of the <STRONG>_XOPEN_SOURCE</STRONG> feature test macro.
+
+       <STRONG>o</STRONG>   X/Open Curses mandates an application's inclusion of one standard C
+           library  header  in  a  special  case:  <EM>stdarg.h</EM> before <EM>curses.h</EM> to
+           prototype the functions <EM>vw</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>printw</EM> and  <EM>vw</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>scanw</EM>  (as  well  as  the
+           obsolete  <EM>vwprintw</EM>  and  <EM>vwscanw</EM>).   Each of these takes a variadic
+           argument list, a <EM>va</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>list</EM> parameter, like that of <STRONG>printf(3)</STRONG>.
+
+           SVr3 <EM>curses</EM> introduced  the  two  obsolete  functions,  and  X/Open
+           Curses  the  others.   In  between,  SVr4  <EM>curses</EM>  provided for the
+           possibility that an application might include either  <EM>varargs.h</EM>  or
+           <EM>stdarg.h</EM>.   These  represented  contrasting  approaches to handling
+           variadic argument lists.  The older interface,  <EM>varargs.h</EM>,  used  a
+           pointer  to <EM>char</EM> for variadic functions' <EM>va</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>list</EM> parameter.  Later,
+           the list acquired its own standard data type, <EM>va</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>list</EM>,  defined  in
+           <EM>stdarg.h</EM>,  empowering the compiler to check the types of a function
+           call's actual parameters against the formal ones  declared  in  its
+           prototype.
+
+           No   conforming   implementations   of  X/Open  Curses  require  an
+           application to include <EM>stdarg.h</EM> before <EM>curses.h</EM> because they either
+           have  allowed  for  a  special type, or, like <EM>ncurses</EM>, they include
+           <EM>stdarg.h</EM> themselves to provide a portable interface.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></H2><PRE>
+       Zeyd M. Ben-Halim, Eric S. Raymond, Thomas E. Dickey.  Based on <EM>pcurses</EM>
+       by Pavel Curtis.
+
+
+</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
+       <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="user_caps.5.html">user_caps(5)</A></STRONG>
 
 
 
-                                                            <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">ncurses(3x)</A></STRONG>
+ncurses 6.5                       2024-04-27                       <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">ncurses(3x)</A></STRONG>
 </PRE>
 <div class="nav">
 <ul>
@@ -1400,17 +1484,19 @@
 <li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
 <li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
 <ul>
+<li><a href="#h3-Application-Structure">Application Structure</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Overview">Overview</a></li>
 <li><a href="#h3-Initialization">Initialization</a></li>
-<li><a href="#h3-Datatypes">Datatypes</a></li>
-<li><a href="#h3-Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
-<li><a href="#h3-Routine-and-Argument-Names">Routine and Argument Names</a></li>
-<li><a href="#h3-Routine-Name-Index">Routine Name Index</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Naming-Conventions">Naming Conventions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Wide-and-Non-wide-Character-Configurations">Wide and Non-wide Character Configurations</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Function-Name-Index">Function Name Index</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
 <li><a href="#h2-ENVIRONMENT">ENVIRONMENT</a>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#h3-BAUDRATE">BAUDRATE</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-CC-_command-character_">CC (command character)</a></li>
 <li><a href="#h3-COLUMNS">COLUMNS</a></li>
 <li><a href="#h3-ESCDELAY">ESCDELAY</a></li>
 <li><a href="#h3-HOME">HOME</a></li>
@@ -1420,6 +1506,7 @@
 <li><a href="#h3-NCURSES_CONSOLE2">NCURSES_CONSOLE2</a></li>
 <li><a href="#h3-NCURSES_GPM_TERMS">NCURSES_GPM_TERMS</a></li>
 <li><a href="#h3-NCURSES_NO_HARD_TABS">NCURSES_NO_HARD_TABS</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-NCURSES_NO_MAGIC_COOKIE">NCURSES_NO_MAGIC_COOKIE</a></li>
 <li><a href="#h3-NCURSES_NO_PADDING">NCURSES_NO_PADDING</a></li>
 <li><a href="#h3-NCURSES_NO_SETBUF">NCURSES_NO_SETBUF</a></li>
 <li><a href="#h3-NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS">NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS</a></li>
@@ -1433,11 +1520,17 @@
 </li>
 <li><a href="#h2-ALTERNATE-CONFIGURATIONS">ALTERNATE CONFIGURATIONS</a></li>
 <li><a href="#h2-FILES">FILES</a></li>
-<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
-<li><a href="#h2-EXTENSIONS">EXTENSIONS</a></li>
-<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
 <li><a href="#h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-EXTENSIONS">EXTENSIONS</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#h3-Error-Checking">Error Checking</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Padding-Differences">Padding Differences</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h3-Header-Files">Header Files</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
 <li><a href="#h2-AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </BODY>