android/fixture.go

// Copyright 2021 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package android

import (
	"reflect"
	"strings"
	"testing"
)

// Provides support for creating test fixtures on which tests can be run. Reduces duplication
// of test setup by allow tests to easily reuse setup code.
//
// Fixture
// =======
// These determine the environment within which a test can be run. Fixtures are mutable and are
// created by FixtureFactory instances and mutated by FixturePreparer instances. They are created by
// first creating a base Fixture (which is essentially empty) and then applying FixturePreparer
// instances to it to modify the environment.
//
// FixtureFactory
// ==============
// These are responsible for creating fixtures. Factories are immutable and are intended to be
// initialized once and reused to create multiple fixtures. Each factory has a list of fixture
// preparers that prepare a fixture for running a test. Factories can also be used to create other
// factories by extending them with additional fixture preparers.
//
// FixturePreparer
// ===============
// These are responsible for modifying a Fixture in preparation for it to run a test. Preparers are
// intended to be immutable and able to prepare multiple Fixture objects simultaneously without
// them sharing any data.
//
// FixturePreparers are only ever invoked once per test fixture. Prior to invocation the list of
// FixturePreparers are flattened and deduped while preserving the order they first appear in the
// list. This makes it easy to reuse, group and combine FixturePreparers together.
//
// Each small self contained piece of test setup should be their own FixturePreparer. e.g.
// * A group of related modules.
// * A group of related mutators.
// * A combination of both.
// * Configuration.
//
// They should not overlap, e.g. the same module type should not be registered by different
// FixturePreparers as using them both would cause a build error. In that case the preparer should
// be split into separate parts and combined together using FixturePreparers(...).
//
// e.g. attempting to use AllPreparers in preparing a Fixture would break as it would attempt to
// register module bar twice:
//   var Preparer1 = FixtureRegisterWithContext(RegisterModuleFooAndBar)
//   var Preparer2 = FixtureRegisterWithContext(RegisterModuleBarAndBaz)
//   var AllPreparers = GroupFixturePreparers(Preparer1, Preparer2)
//
// However, when restructured like this it would work fine:
//   var PreparerFoo = FixtureRegisterWithContext(RegisterModuleFoo)
//   var PreparerBar = FixtureRegisterWithContext(RegisterModuleBar)
//   var PreparerBaz = FixtureRegisterWithContext(RegisterModuleBaz)
//   var Preparer1 = GroupFixturePreparers(RegisterModuleFoo, RegisterModuleBar)
//   var Preparer2 = GroupFixturePreparers(RegisterModuleBar, RegisterModuleBaz)
//   var AllPreparers = GroupFixturePreparers(Preparer1, Preparer2)
//
// As after deduping and flattening AllPreparers would result in the following preparers being
// applied:
// 1. PreparerFoo
// 2. PreparerBar
// 3. PreparerBaz
//
// Preparers can be used for both integration and unit tests.
//
// Integration tests typically use all the module types, mutators and singletons that are available
// for that package to try and replicate the behavior of the runtime build as closely as possible.
// However, that realism comes at a cost of increased fragility (as they can be broken by changes in
// many different parts of the build) and also increased runtime, especially if they use lots of
// singletons and mutators.
//
// Unit tests on the other hand try and minimize the amount of code being tested which makes them
// less susceptible to changes elsewhere in the build and quick to run but at a cost of potentially
// not testing realistic scenarios.
//
// Supporting unit tests effectively require that preparers are available at the lowest granularity
// possible. Supporting integration tests effectively require that the preparers are organized into
// groups that provide all the functionality available.
//
// At least in terms of tests that check the behavior of build components via processing
// `Android.bp` there is no clear separation between a unit test and an integration test. Instead
// they vary from one end that tests a single module (e.g. filegroup) to the other end that tests a
// whole system of modules, mutators and singletons (e.g. apex + hiddenapi).
//
// TestResult
// ==========
// These are created by running tests in a Fixture and provide access to the Config and TestContext
// in which the tests were run.
//
// Example
// =======
//
// An exported preparer for use by other packages that need to use java modules.
//
// package java
// var PrepareForIntegrationTestWithJava = GroupFixturePreparers(
//    android.PrepareForIntegrationTestWithAndroid,
//    FixtureRegisterWithContext(RegisterAGroupOfRelatedModulesMutatorsAndSingletons),
//    FixtureRegisterWithContext(RegisterAnotherGroupOfRelatedModulesMutatorsAndSingletons),
//    ...
// )
//
// Some files to use in tests in the java package.
//
// var javaMockFS = android.MockFS{
//		"api/current.txt":        nil,
//		"api/removed.txt":        nil,
//    ...
// }
//
// A package private factory for use for testing java within the java package.
//
// var javaFixtureFactory = NewFixtureFactory(
//    PrepareForIntegrationTestWithJava,
//    FixtureRegisterWithContext(func(ctx android.RegistrationContext) {
//      ctx.RegisterModuleType("test_module", testModule)
//    }),
//    javaMockFS.AddToFixture(),
//    ...
// }
//
// func TestJavaStuff(t *testing.T) {
//   result := javaFixtureFactory.RunTest(t,
//       android.FixtureWithRootAndroidBp(`java_library {....}`),
//       android.MockFS{...}.AddToFixture(),
//   )
//   ... test result ...
// }
//
// package cc
// var PrepareForTestWithCC = GroupFixturePreparers(
//    android.PrepareForArchMutator,
//	  android.prepareForPrebuilts,
//    FixtureRegisterWithContext(RegisterRequiredBuildComponentsForTest),
//    ...
// )
//
// package apex
//
// var PrepareForApex = GroupFixturePreparers(
//    ...
// )
//
// Use modules and mutators from java, cc and apex. Any duplicate preparers (like
// android.PrepareForArchMutator) will be automatically deduped.
//
// var apexFixtureFactory = android.NewFixtureFactory(
//    PrepareForJava,
//    PrepareForCC,
//    PrepareForApex,
// )

// Factory for Fixture objects.
//
// This is configured with a set of FixturePreparer objects that are used to
// initialize each Fixture instance this creates.
type FixtureFactory interface {

	// Creates a copy of this instance and adds some additional preparers.
	//
	// Before the preparers are used they are combined with the preparers provided when the factory
	// was created, any groups of preparers are flattened, and the list is deduped so that each
	// preparer is only used once. See the file documentation in android/fixture.go for more details.
	Extend(preparers ...FixturePreparer) FixtureFactory

	// Create a Fixture.
	Fixture(t *testing.T, preparers ...FixturePreparer) Fixture

	// Set the error handler that will be used to check any errors reported by the test.
	//
	// The default handlers is FixtureExpectsNoErrors which will fail the go test immediately if any
	// errors are reported.
	SetErrorHandler(errorHandler FixtureErrorHandler) FixtureFactory

	// Run the test, checking any errors reported and returning a TestResult instance.
	//
	// Shorthand for Fixture(t, preparers...).RunTest()
	RunTest(t *testing.T, preparers ...FixturePreparer) *TestResult

	// Run the test with the supplied Android.bp file.
	//
	// Shorthand for RunTest(t, android.FixtureWithRootAndroidBp(bp))
	RunTestWithBp(t *testing.T, bp string) *TestResult
}

// Create a new FixtureFactory that will apply the supplied preparers.
//
// The buildDirSupplier is a pointer to the package level buildDir variable that is initialized by
// the package level setUp method. It has to be a pointer to the variable as the variable will not
// have been initialized at the time the factory is created.
func NewFixtureFactory(buildDirSupplier *string, preparers ...FixturePreparer) FixtureFactory {
	return &fixtureFactory{
		buildDirSupplier: buildDirSupplier,
		preparers:        dedupAndFlattenPreparers(nil, preparers),

		// Set the default error handler.
		errorHandler: FixtureExpectsNoErrors,
	}
}

// A set of mock files to add to the mock file system.
type MockFS map[string][]byte

func (fs MockFS) Merge(extra map[string][]byte) {
	for p, c := range extra {
		fs[p] = c
	}
}

func (fs MockFS) AddToFixture() FixturePreparer {
	return FixtureMergeMockFs(fs)
}

// Modify the config
func FixtureModifyConfig(mutator func(config Config)) FixturePreparer {
	return newSimpleFixturePreparer(func(f *fixture) {
		mutator(f.config)
	})
}

// Modify the config and context
func FixtureModifyConfigAndContext(mutator func(config Config, ctx *TestContext)) FixturePreparer {
	return newSimpleFixturePreparer(func(f *fixture) {
		mutator(f.config, f.ctx)
	})
}

// Modify the context
func FixtureModifyContext(mutator func(ctx *TestContext)) FixturePreparer {
	return newSimpleFixturePreparer(func(f *fixture) {
		mutator(f.ctx)
	})
}

func FixtureRegisterWithContext(registeringFunc func(ctx RegistrationContext)) FixturePreparer {
	return FixtureModifyContext(func(ctx *TestContext) { registeringFunc(ctx) })
}

// Modify the mock filesystem
func FixtureModifyMockFS(mutator func(fs MockFS)) FixturePreparer {
	return newSimpleFixturePreparer(func(f *fixture) {
		mutator(f.mockFS)
	})
}

// Merge the supplied file system into the mock filesystem.
//
// Paths that already exist in the mock file system are overridden.
func FixtureMergeMockFs(mockFS MockFS) FixturePreparer {
	return FixtureModifyMockFS(func(fs MockFS) {
		fs.Merge(mockFS)
	})
}

// Add a file to the mock filesystem
func FixtureAddFile(path string, contents []byte) FixturePreparer {
	return FixtureModifyMockFS(func(fs MockFS) {
		fs[path] = contents
	})
}

// Add a text file to the mock filesystem
func FixtureAddTextFile(path string, contents string) FixturePreparer {
	return FixtureAddFile(path, []byte(contents))
}

// Add the root Android.bp file with the supplied contents.
func FixtureWithRootAndroidBp(contents string) FixturePreparer {
	return FixtureAddTextFile("Android.bp", contents)
}

// GroupFixturePreparers creates a composite FixturePreparer that is equivalent to applying each of
// the supplied FixturePreparer instances in order.
//
// Before preparing the fixture the list of preparers is flattened by replacing each
// instance of GroupFixturePreparers with its contents.
func GroupFixturePreparers(preparers ...FixturePreparer) FixturePreparer {
	return &compositeFixturePreparer{dedupAndFlattenPreparers(nil, preparers)}
}

type simpleFixturePreparerVisitor func(preparer *simpleFixturePreparer)

// FixturePreparer is an opaque interface that can change a fixture.
type FixturePreparer interface {
	// visit calls the supplied visitor with each *simpleFixturePreparer instances in this preparer,
	visit(simpleFixturePreparerVisitor)
}

type fixturePreparers []FixturePreparer

func (f fixturePreparers) visit(visitor simpleFixturePreparerVisitor) {
	for _, p := range f {
		p.visit(visitor)
	}
}

// dedupAndFlattenPreparers removes any duplicates and flattens any composite FixturePreparer
// instances.
//
// base      - a list of already flattened and deduped preparers that will be applied first before
//             the list of additional preparers. Any duplicates of these in the additional preparers
//             will be ignored.
//
// preparers - a list of additional unflattened, undeduped preparers that will be applied after the
//             base preparers.
//
// Returns a deduped and flattened list of the preparers minus any that exist in the base preparers.
func dedupAndFlattenPreparers(base []*simpleFixturePreparer, preparers fixturePreparers) []*simpleFixturePreparer {
	var list []*simpleFixturePreparer
	visited := make(map[*simpleFixturePreparer]struct{})

	// Mark the already flattened and deduped preparers, if any, as having been seen so that
	// duplicates of these in the additional preparers will be discarded.
	for _, s := range base {
		visited[s] = struct{}{}
	}

	preparers.visit(func(preparer *simpleFixturePreparer) {
		if _, seen := visited[preparer]; !seen {
			visited[preparer] = struct{}{}
			list = append(list, preparer)
		}
	})
	return list
}

// compositeFixturePreparer is a FixturePreparer created from a list of fixture preparers.
type compositeFixturePreparer struct {
	preparers []*simpleFixturePreparer
}

func (c *compositeFixturePreparer) visit(visitor simpleFixturePreparerVisitor) {
	for _, p := range c.preparers {
		p.visit(visitor)
	}
}

// simpleFixturePreparer is a FixturePreparer that applies a function to a fixture.
type simpleFixturePreparer struct {
	function func(fixture *fixture)
}

func (s *simpleFixturePreparer) visit(visitor simpleFixturePreparerVisitor) {
	visitor(s)
}

func newSimpleFixturePreparer(preparer func(fixture *fixture)) FixturePreparer {
	return &simpleFixturePreparer{function: preparer}
}

// FixtureErrorHandler determines how to respond to errors reported by the code under test.
//
// Some possible responses:
// * Fail the test if any errors are reported, see FixtureExpectsNoErrors.
// * Fail the test if at least one error that matches a pattern is not reported see
//   FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern
// * Fail the test if any unexpected errors are reported.
//
// Although at the moment all the error handlers are implemented as simply a wrapper around a
// function this is defined as an interface to allow future enhancements, e.g. provide different
// ways other than patterns to match an error and to combine handlers together.
type FixtureErrorHandler interface {
	// CheckErrors checks the errors reported.
	//
	// The supplied result can be used to access the state of the code under test just as the main
	// body of the test would but if any errors other than ones expected are reported the state may
	// be indeterminate.
	CheckErrors(result *TestResult, errs []error)
}

type simpleErrorHandler struct {
	function func(result *TestResult, errs []error)
}

func (h simpleErrorHandler) CheckErrors(result *TestResult, errs []error) {
	h.function(result, errs)
}

// The default fixture error handler.
//
// Will fail the test immediately if any errors are reported.
var FixtureExpectsNoErrors = FixtureCustomErrorHandler(
	func(result *TestResult, errs []error) {
		FailIfErrored(result.T, errs)
	},
)

// FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneMatchingError returns an error handler that will cause the test to fail
// if at least one error that matches the regular expression is not found.
//
// The test will be failed if:
// * No errors are reported.
// * One or more errors are reported but none match the pattern.
//
// The test will not fail if:
// * Multiple errors are reported that do not match the pattern as long as one does match.
func FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(pattern string) FixtureErrorHandler {
	return FixtureCustomErrorHandler(func(result *TestResult, errs []error) {
		FailIfNoMatchingErrors(result.T, pattern, errs)
	})
}

// FixtureExpectsOneErrorToMatchPerPattern returns an error handler that will cause the test to fail
// if there are any unexpected errors.
//
// The test will be failed if:
// * The number of errors reported does not exactly match the patterns.
// * One or more of the reported errors do not match a pattern.
// * No patterns are provided and one or more errors are reported.
//
// The test will not fail if:
// * One or more of the patterns does not match an error.
func FixtureExpectsAllErrorsToMatchAPattern(patterns []string) FixtureErrorHandler {
	return FixtureCustomErrorHandler(func(result *TestResult, errs []error) {
		CheckErrorsAgainstExpectations(result.T, errs, patterns)
	})
}

// FixtureCustomErrorHandler creates a custom error handler
func FixtureCustomErrorHandler(function func(result *TestResult, errs []error)) FixtureErrorHandler {
	return simpleErrorHandler{
		function: function,
	}
}

// Fixture defines the test environment.
type Fixture interface {
	// Run the test, checking any errors reported and returning a TestResult instance.
	RunTest() *TestResult
}

// Provides general test support.
type TestHelper struct {
	*testing.T
}

// AssertBoolEquals checks if the expected and actual values are equal and if they are not then it
// reports an error prefixed with the supplied message and including a reason for why it failed.
func (h *TestHelper) AssertBoolEquals(message string, expected bool, actual bool) {
	h.Helper()
	if actual != expected {
		h.Errorf("%s: expected %t, actual %t", message, expected, actual)
	}
}

// AssertStringEquals checks if the expected and actual values are equal and if they are not then
// it reports an error prefixed with the supplied message and including a reason for why it failed.
func (h *TestHelper) AssertStringEquals(message string, expected string, actual string) {
	h.Helper()
	if actual != expected {
		h.Errorf("%s: expected %s, actual %s", message, expected, actual)
	}
}

// AssertTrimmedStringEquals checks if the expected and actual values are the same after trimming
// leading and trailing spaces from them both. If they are not then it reports an error prefixed
// with the supplied message and including a reason for why it failed.
func (h *TestHelper) AssertTrimmedStringEquals(message string, expected string, actual string) {
	h.Helper()
	h.AssertStringEquals(message, strings.TrimSpace(expected), strings.TrimSpace(actual))
}

// AssertStringDoesContain checks if the string contains the expected substring. If it does not
// then it reports an error prefixed with the supplied message and including a reason for why it
// failed.
func (h *TestHelper) AssertStringDoesContain(message string, s string, expectedSubstring string) {
	h.Helper()
	if !strings.Contains(s, expectedSubstring) {
		h.Errorf("%s: could not find %q within %q", message, expectedSubstring, s)
	}
}

// AssertStringDoesNotContain checks if the string contains the expected substring. If it does then
// it reports an error prefixed with the supplied message and including a reason for why it failed.
func (h *TestHelper) AssertStringDoesNotContain(message string, s string, unexpectedSubstring string) {
	h.Helper()
	if strings.Contains(s, unexpectedSubstring) {
		h.Errorf("%s: unexpectedly found %q within %q", message, unexpectedSubstring, s)
	}
}

// AssertArrayString checks if the expected and actual values are equal and if they are not then it
// reports an error prefixed with the supplied message and including a reason for why it failed.
func (h *TestHelper) AssertArrayString(message string, expected, actual []string) {
	h.Helper()
	if len(actual) != len(expected) {
		h.Errorf("%s: expected %d (%q), actual (%d) %q", message, len(expected), expected, len(actual), actual)
		return
	}
	for i := range actual {
		if actual[i] != expected[i] {
			h.Errorf("%s: expected %d-th, %q (%q), actual %q (%q)",
				message, i, expected[i], expected, actual[i], actual)
			return
		}
	}
}

// AssertArrayString checks if the expected and actual values are equal using reflect.DeepEqual and
// if they are not then it reports an error prefixed with the supplied message and including a
// reason for why it failed.
func (h *TestHelper) AssertDeepEquals(message string, expected interface{}, actual interface{}) {
	h.Helper()
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(actual, expected) {
		h.Errorf("%s: expected:\n  %#v\n got:\n  %#v", message, expected, actual)
	}
}

// Struct to allow TestResult to embed a *TestContext and allow call forwarding to its methods.
type testContext struct {
	*TestContext
}

// The result of running a test.
type TestResult struct {
	TestHelper
	testContext

	fixture *fixture
	Config  Config
}

var _ FixtureFactory = (*fixtureFactory)(nil)

type fixtureFactory struct {
	buildDirSupplier *string
	preparers        []*simpleFixturePreparer
	errorHandler     FixtureErrorHandler
}

func (f *fixtureFactory) Extend(preparers ...FixturePreparer) FixtureFactory {
	all := append(f.preparers, dedupAndFlattenPreparers(f.preparers, preparers)...)
	// Copy the existing factory.
	extendedFactory := &fixtureFactory{}
	*extendedFactory = *f
	// Use the extended list of preparers.
	extendedFactory.preparers = all
	return extendedFactory
}

func (f *fixtureFactory) Fixture(t *testing.T, preparers ...FixturePreparer) Fixture {
	config := TestConfig(*f.buildDirSupplier, nil, "", nil)
	ctx := NewTestContext(config)
	fixture := &fixture{
		factory:      f,
		t:            t,
		config:       config,
		ctx:          ctx,
		mockFS:       make(MockFS),
		errorHandler: f.errorHandler,
	}

	for _, preparer := range f.preparers {
		preparer.function(fixture)
	}

	for _, preparer := range dedupAndFlattenPreparers(f.preparers, preparers) {
		preparer.function(fixture)
	}

	return fixture
}

func (f *fixtureFactory) SetErrorHandler(errorHandler FixtureErrorHandler) FixtureFactory {
	f.errorHandler = errorHandler
	return f
}

func (f *fixtureFactory) RunTest(t *testing.T, preparers ...FixturePreparer) *TestResult {
	t.Helper()
	fixture := f.Fixture(t, preparers...)
	return fixture.RunTest()
}

func (f *fixtureFactory) RunTestWithBp(t *testing.T, bp string) *TestResult {
	t.Helper()
	return f.RunTest(t, FixtureWithRootAndroidBp(bp))
}

type fixture struct {
	// The factory used to create this fixture.
	factory *fixtureFactory

	// The gotest state of the go test within which this was created.
	t *testing.T

	// The configuration prepared for this fixture.
	config Config

	// The test context prepared for this fixture.
	ctx *TestContext

	// The mock filesystem prepared for this fixture.
	mockFS MockFS

	// The error handler used to check the errors, if any, that are reported.
	errorHandler FixtureErrorHandler
}

func (f *fixture) RunTest() *TestResult {
	f.t.Helper()

	ctx := f.ctx

	// The TestConfig() method assumes that the mock filesystem is available when creating so creates
	// the mock file system immediately. Similarly, the NewTestContext(Config) method assumes that the
	// supplied Config's FileSystem has been properly initialized before it is called and so it takes
	// its own reference to the filesystem. However, fixtures create the Config and TestContext early
	// so they can be modified by preparers at which time the mockFS has not been populated (because
	// it too is modified by preparers). So, this reinitializes the Config and TestContext's
	// FileSystem using the now populated mockFS.
	f.config.mockFileSystem("", f.mockFS)
	ctx.SetFs(ctx.config.fs)
	if ctx.config.mockBpList != "" {
		ctx.SetModuleListFile(ctx.config.mockBpList)
	}

	ctx.Register()
	_, errs := ctx.ParseBlueprintsFiles("ignored")
	if len(errs) == 0 {
		_, errs = ctx.PrepareBuildActions(f.config)
	}

	result := &TestResult{
		TestHelper:  TestHelper{T: f.t},
		testContext: testContext{ctx},
		fixture:     f,
		Config:      f.config,
	}

	f.errorHandler.CheckErrors(result, errs)

	return result
}

// NormalizePathForTesting removes the test invocation specific build directory from the supplied
// path.
//
// If the path is within the build directory (e.g. an OutputPath) then this returns the relative
// path to avoid tests having to deal with the dynamically generated build directory.
//
// Otherwise, this returns the supplied path as it is almost certainly a source path that is
// relative to the root of the source tree.
//
// Even though some information is removed from some paths and not others it should be possible to
// differentiate between them by the paths themselves, e.g. output paths will likely include
// ".intermediates" but source paths won't.
func (r *TestResult) NormalizePathForTesting(path Path) string {
	pathContext := PathContextForTesting(r.Config)
	pathAsString := path.String()
	if rel, isRel := MaybeRel(pathContext, r.Config.BuildDir(), pathAsString); isRel {
		return rel
	}
	return pathAsString
}

// NormalizePathsForTesting normalizes each path in the supplied list and returns their normalized
// forms.
func (r *TestResult) NormalizePathsForTesting(paths Paths) []string {
	var result []string
	for _, path := range paths {
		result = append(result, r.NormalizePathForTesting(path))
	}
	return result
}

// NewFixture creates a new test fixture that is based on the one that created this result. It is
// intended to test the output of module types that generate content to be processed by the build,
// e.g. sdk snapshots.
func (r *TestResult) NewFixture(preparers ...FixturePreparer) Fixture {
	return r.fixture.factory.Fixture(r.T, preparers...)
}

// RunTest is shorthand for NewFixture(preparers...).RunTest().
func (r *TestResult) RunTest(preparers ...FixturePreparer) *TestResult {
	r.Helper()
	return r.fixture.factory.Fixture(r.T, preparers...).RunTest()
}

// Module returns the module with the specific name and of the specified variant.
func (r *TestResult) Module(name string, variant string) Module {
	return r.ModuleForTests(name, variant).Module()
}

// Create a *TestResult object suitable for use within a subtest.
//
// This ensures that any errors reported by the TestResult, e.g. from within one of its
// Assert... methods, will be associated with the sub test and not the main test.
//
// result := ....RunTest()
// t.Run("subtest", func(t *testing.T) {
//    subResult := result.ResultForSubTest(t)
//    subResult.AssertStringEquals("something", ....)
// })
func (r *TestResult) ResultForSubTest(t *testing.T) *TestResult {
	subTestResult := *r
	r.T = t
	return &subTestResult
}