diff --git a/cc/cc.go b/cc/cc.go
index 26250a7..ac6a258 100644
--- a/cc/cc.go
+++ b/cc/cc.go
@@ -1076,11 +1076,27 @@
 			c.BaseModuleName() != "libft2")
 }
 
+// Returns true for LLNDK-private, VNDK-SP-private, and VNDK-core-private.
 func (c *Module) IsVndkPrivate() bool {
-	// Returns true for LLNDK-private, VNDK-SP-private, and VNDK-core-private.
-	library, _ := c.library.(*libraryDecorator)
-	return library != nil && !Bool(library.Properties.Llndk.Vendor_available) &&
-		!Bool(c.VendorProperties.Vendor_available) && !c.IsVndkExt()
+	// Check if VNDK-core-private or VNDK-SP-private
+	if c.IsVndk() {
+		if Bool(c.vndkdep.Properties.Vndk.Private) {
+			return true
+		}
+		// TODO(b/175768895) remove this when we clean up "vendor_available: false" use cases.
+		if c.VendorProperties.Vendor_available != nil && !Bool(c.VendorProperties.Vendor_available) {
+			return true
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Check if LLNDK-private
+	if library, ok := c.library.(*libraryDecorator); ok && c.IsLlndk() {
+		// TODO(b/175768895) replace this with 'private' property.
+		return !Bool(library.Properties.Llndk.Vendor_available)
+	}
+
+	return false
 }
 
 func (c *Module) IsVndk() bool {
diff --git a/cc/cc_test.go b/cc/cc_test.go
index 071e813..fb85336 100644
--- a/cc/cc_test.go
+++ b/cc/cc_test.go
@@ -334,9 +334,10 @@
 
 		cc_library {
 			name: "libvndk_private",
-			vendor_available: false,
+			vendor_available: true,
 			vndk: {
 				enabled: true,
+				private: true,
 			},
 			nocrt: true,
 			stem: "libvndk-private",
@@ -373,10 +374,11 @@
 
 		cc_library {
 			name: "libvndk_sp_private",
-			vendor_available: false,
+			vendor_available: true,
 			vndk: {
 				enabled: true,
 				support_system_process: true,
+				private: true,
 			},
 			nocrt: true,
 			target: {
@@ -388,11 +390,12 @@
 
 		cc_library {
 			name: "libvndk_sp_product_private",
-			vendor_available: false,
-			product_available: false,
+			vendor_available: true,
+			product_available: true,
 			vndk: {
 				enabled: true,
 				support_system_process: true,
+				private: true,
 			},
 			nocrt: true,
 			target: {
@@ -574,10 +577,11 @@
 
 		cc_library {
 			name: "libvndk2",
-			vendor_available: false,
-			product_available: false,
+			vendor_available: true,
+			product_available: true,
 			vndk: {
 				enabled: true,
+				private: true,
 			},
 			nocrt: true,
 		}
@@ -743,18 +747,6 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	testCcErrorProductVndk(t, "product_available: may not have different value than `vendor_available` for a VNDK", `
-		cc_library {
-			name: "libvndk",
-			vendor_available: true,
-			product_available: false,
-			vndk: {
-				enabled: true,
-			},
-			nocrt: true,
-		}
-	`)
-
 	testCcErrorProductVndk(t, "product properties must have the same values with the vendor properties for VNDK modules", `
 		cc_library {
 			name: "libvndkprop",
@@ -903,10 +895,11 @@
 	testCcError(t, "module \".*\" variant \".*\": \\(.*\\) should not link to \".*\"", `
 		cc_library {
 			name: "libvndkprivate",
-			vendor_available: false,
-			product_available: false,
+			vendor_available: true,
+			product_available: true,
 			vndk: {
 				enabled: true,
+				private: true,
 			},
 			shared_libs: ["libnonvndk"],
 			nocrt: true,
@@ -944,11 +937,12 @@
 	testCcError(t, "module \".*\" variant \".*\": \\(.*\\) should not link to \".*\"", `
 		cc_library {
 			name: "libvndkspprivate",
-			vendor_available: false,
-			product_available: false,
+			vendor_available: true,
+			product_available: true,
 			vndk: {
 				enabled: true,
 				support_system_process: true,
+				private: true,
 			},
 			shared_libs: ["libnonvndk"],
 			nocrt: true,
@@ -1039,10 +1033,11 @@
 
 		cc_library {
 			name: "libnondoubleloadable",
-			vendor_available: false,
-			product_available: false,
+			vendor_available: true,
+			product_available: true,
 			vndk: {
 				enabled: true,
+				private: true,
 			},
 			double_loadable: true,
 		}
@@ -1908,10 +1903,11 @@
 
 		cc_library {
 			name: "libnondoubleloadable",
-			vendor_available: false,
-			product_available: false,
+			vendor_available: true,
+			product_available: true,
 			vndk: {
 				enabled: true,
+				private: true,
 			},
 		}
 	`)
@@ -2262,14 +2258,15 @@
 
 func TestVndkExtVendorAvailableFalseError(t *testing.T) {
 	// This test ensures an error is emitted when a VNDK-Ext library extends a VNDK library
-	// with `vendor_available: false`.
-	testCcError(t, "`extends` refers module \".*\" which does not have `vendor_available: true`", `
+	// with `private: true`.
+	testCcError(t, "`extends` refers module \".*\" which has `private: true`", `
 		cc_library {
 			name: "libvndk",
-			vendor_available: false,
-			product_available: false,
+			vendor_available: true,
+			product_available: true,
 			vndk: {
 				enabled: true,
+				private: true,
 			},
 			nocrt: true,
 		}
@@ -2285,13 +2282,14 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	testCcErrorProductVndk(t, "`extends` refers module \".*\" which does not have `product_available: true`", `
+	testCcErrorProductVndk(t, "`extends` refers module \".*\" which has `private: true`", `
 		cc_library {
 			name: "libvndk",
-			vendor_available: false,
-			product_available: false,
+			vendor_available: true,
+			product_available: true,
 			vndk: {
 				enabled: true,
+				private: true,
 			},
 			nocrt: true,
 		}
@@ -2873,7 +2871,7 @@
 			nocrt: true,
 		}
 	`)
-	testCcErrorProductVndk(t, "product module that is not VNDK should not link to \".*\" which is marked as `product_available: false`", `
+	testCcErrorProductVndk(t, "non-VNDK module should not link to \".*\" which has `private: true`", `
 		cc_library {
 			name: "libprod",
 			product_specific: true,
@@ -2884,10 +2882,11 @@
 		}
 		cc_library {
 			name: "libvndk_private",
-			vendor_available: false,
-			product_available: false,
+			vendor_available: true,
+			product_available: true,
 			vndk: {
 				enabled: true,
+				private: true,
 			},
 			nocrt: true,
 		}
@@ -2945,10 +2944,11 @@
 		}
 		cc_library {
 			name: "libvndkprivate",
-			vendor_available: false,
-			product_available: false,
+			vendor_available: true,
+			product_available: true,
 			vndk: {
 				enabled: true,
+				private: true,
 			},
 		}
 		cc_library {
diff --git a/cc/image.go b/cc/image.go
index b55e1f4..13d77cc 100644
--- a/cc/image.go
+++ b/cc/image.go
@@ -245,13 +245,9 @@
 						"vendor_available must be set to either true or false when `vndk: {enabled: true}`")
 				}
 				if m.VendorProperties.Product_available != nil {
-					// If product_available is defined for a VNDK, make sure vendor_available and
-					// product_available has the same value since `false` for these properties
-					// means the module is VNDK-private.
-					if Bool(m.VendorProperties.Vendor_available) != Bool(m.VendorProperties.Product_available) {
-						mctx.PropertyErrorf("product_available", "may not have different value than `vendor_available` for a VNDK")
-					}
-					// Also, both variants must have the same properties since they share a single VNDK library on runtime.
+					// If a VNDK module creates both product and vendor variants, they
+					// must have the same properties since they share a single VNDK
+					// library on runtime.
 					if !m.compareVendorAndProductProps() {
 						mctx.ModuleErrorf("product properties must have the same values with the vendor properties for VNDK modules")
 					}
diff --git a/cc/vndk.go b/cc/vndk.go
index 1708841..6bc7131 100644
--- a/cc/vndk.go
+++ b/cc/vndk.go
@@ -78,6 +78,13 @@
 		// VNDK-SP or LL-NDK modules only.
 		Support_system_process *bool
 
+		// declared as a VNDK-private module.
+		// This module still creates the vendor and product variants refering
+		// to the `vendor_available: true` and `product_available: true`
+		// properties. However, it is only available to the other VNDK modules
+		// but not to the non-VNDK vendor or product modules.
+		Private *bool
+
 		// Extending another module
 		Extends *string
 	}
@@ -135,31 +142,11 @@
 		return
 	}
 	if !vndk.isVndk() {
-		// Non-VNDK modules those installed to /vendor or /system/vendor
-		// can't depend on modules marked with vendor_available: false;
-		// or those installed to /product or /system/product can't depend
-		// on modules marked with product_available: false.
-		violation := false
-		variant := "vendor"
-		if lib, ok := to.linker.(*llndkStubDecorator); ok && !Bool(lib.Properties.Vendor_available) {
-			violation = true
-			if to.InProduct() {
-				variant = "product"
-			}
-		} else if _, ok := to.linker.(libraryInterface); ok {
-			if to.inVendor() && to.VendorProperties.Vendor_available != nil && !Bool(to.VendorProperties.Vendor_available) {
-				// A vendor module with Vendor_available == nil should be okay since it means a
-				// vendor-only library which is a valid dependency for non-VNDK vendor modules.
-				violation = true
-			} else if to.InProduct() && to.VendorProperties.Product_available != nil && !Bool(to.VendorProperties.Product_available) {
-				// A product module with Product_available == nil should be okay since it means a
-				// product-only library which is a valid dependency for non-VNDK product modules.
-				violation = true
-				variant = "product"
-			}
-		}
-		if violation {
-			ctx.ModuleErrorf("%s module that is not VNDK should not link to %q which is marked as `%s_available: false`", variant, to.Name(), variant)
+		// Non-VNDK modules those installed to /vendor, /system/vendor,
+		// /product or /system/product cannot depend on VNDK-private modules
+		// that include VNDK-core-private, VNDK-SP-private and LLNDK-private.
+		if to.IsVndkPrivate() {
+			ctx.ModuleErrorf("non-VNDK module should not link to %q which has `private: true`", to.Name())
 		}
 	}
 	if lib, ok := to.linker.(*libraryDecorator); !ok || !lib.shared() {
@@ -191,15 +178,9 @@
 				to.Name())
 			return
 		}
-		if to.inVendor() && !Bool(to.VendorProperties.Vendor_available) {
+		if to.IsVndkPrivate() {
 			ctx.ModuleErrorf(
-				"`extends` refers module %q which does not have `vendor_available: true`",
-				to.Name())
-			return
-		}
-		if to.InProduct() && !Bool(to.VendorProperties.Product_available) {
-			ctx.ModuleErrorf(
-				"`extends` refers module %q which does not have `product_available: true`",
+				"`extends` refers module %q which has `private: true`",
 				to.Name())
 			return
 		}
@@ -355,9 +336,7 @@
 	} else {
 		vndkCoreLibraries(mctx.Config())[name] = filename
 	}
-	// As `vendor_available` and `product_available` has the same value for VNDK modules,
-	// we don't need to check both values.
-	if !Bool(m.VendorProperties.Vendor_available) {
+	if m.IsVndkPrivate() {
 		vndkPrivateLibraries(mctx.Config())[name] = filename
 	}
 }