diff --git a/java/kotlin.go b/java/kotlin.go
index 3e5cec0..ce79bae 100644
--- a/java/kotlin.go
+++ b/java/kotlin.go
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
 	})
 }
 
-var kapt = pctx.AndroidRemoteStaticRule("kapt", android.RemoteRuleSupports{Goma: true},
+var kaptStubs = pctx.AndroidRemoteStaticRule("kaptStubs", android.RemoteRuleSupports{Goma: true},
 	blueprint.RuleParams{
 		Command: `rm -rf "$srcJarDir" "$kotlinBuildFile" "$kaptDir" && ` +
 			`mkdir -p "$srcJarDir" "$kaptDir/sources" "$kaptDir/classes" && ` +
@@ -133,13 +133,12 @@
 			`-P plugin:org.jetbrains.kotlin.kapt3:classes=$kaptDir/classes ` +
 			`-P plugin:org.jetbrains.kotlin.kapt3:stubs=$kaptDir/stubs ` +
 			`-P plugin:org.jetbrains.kotlin.kapt3:correctErrorTypes=true ` +
-			`-P plugin:org.jetbrains.kotlin.kapt3:aptMode=stubsAndApt ` +
+			`-P plugin:org.jetbrains.kotlin.kapt3:aptMode=stubs ` +
 			`-P plugin:org.jetbrains.kotlin.kapt3:javacArguments=$encodedJavacFlags ` +
 			`$kaptProcessorPath ` +
 			`$kaptProcessor ` +
 			`-Xbuild-file=$kotlinBuildFile && ` +
-			`${config.SoongZipCmd} -jar -o $out -C $kaptDir/sources -D $kaptDir/sources && ` +
-			`${config.SoongZipCmd} -jar -o $classesJarOut -C $kaptDir/classes -D $kaptDir/classes && ` +
+			`${config.SoongZipCmd} -jar -o $out -C $kaptDir/stubs -D $kaptDir/stubs && ` +
 			`rm -rf "$srcJarDir"`,
 		CommandDeps: []string{
 			"${config.KotlincCmd}",
@@ -197,13 +196,14 @@
 	kotlinName := filepath.Join(ctx.ModuleDir(), ctx.ModuleSubDir(), ctx.ModuleName())
 	kotlinName = strings.ReplaceAll(kotlinName, "/", "__")
 
+	// First run kapt to generate .java stubs from .kt files
+	kaptStubsJar := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "kapt", "stubs.jar")
 	ctx.Build(pctx, android.BuildParams{
-		Rule:           kapt,
-		Description:    "kapt",
-		Output:         srcJarOutputFile,
-		ImplicitOutput: resJarOutputFile,
-		Inputs:         srcFiles,
-		Implicits:      deps,
+		Rule:        kaptStubs,
+		Description: "kapt stubs",
+		Output:      kaptStubsJar,
+		Inputs:      srcFiles,
+		Implicits:   deps,
 		Args: map[string]string{
 			"classpath":         flags.kotlincClasspath.FormJavaClassPath(""),
 			"kotlincFlags":      flags.kotlincFlags,
@@ -219,6 +219,11 @@
 			"classesJarOut":     resJarOutputFile.String(),
 		},
 	})
+
+	// Then run turbine to perform annotation processing on the stubs and any .java srcFiles.
+	javaSrcFiles := srcFiles.FilterByExt(".java")
+	turbineSrcJars := append(android.Paths{kaptStubsJar}, srcJars...)
+	TurbineApt(ctx, srcJarOutputFile, resJarOutputFile, javaSrcFiles, turbineSrcJars, flags)
 }
 
 // kapt converts a list of key, value pairs into a base64 encoded Java serialization, which is what kapt expects.