diff --git a/java/base.go b/java/base.go
index 58c1649..89776d8 100644
--- a/java/base.go
+++ b/java/base.go
@@ -649,6 +649,10 @@
 	return false
 }
 
+func (j *Module) setInstrument(value bool) {
+	j.properties.Instrument = value
+}
+
 func (j *Module) SdkVersion(ctx android.EarlyModuleContext) android.SdkSpec {
 	return android.SdkSpecFrom(ctx, String(j.deviceProperties.Sdk_version))
 }
@@ -783,9 +787,6 @@
 	} else if j.shouldInstrumentStatic(ctx) {
 		ctx.AddVariationDependencies(nil, staticLibTag, "jacocoagent")
 	}
-	if j.shouldInstrument(ctx) {
-		ctx.AddVariationDependencies(nil, libTag, "jacocoagent")
-	}
 
 	if j.useCompose() {
 		ctx.AddVariationDependencies(ctx.Config().BuildOSCommonTarget.Variations(), kotlinPluginTag,
@@ -1414,10 +1415,6 @@
 		j.headerJarFile = j.implementationJarFile
 	}
 
-	if j.shouldInstrumentInApex(ctx) {
-		j.properties.Instrument = true
-	}
-
 	// enforce syntax check to jacoco filters for any build (http://b/183622051)
 	specs := j.jacocoModuleToZipCommand(ctx)
 	if ctx.Failed() {
diff --git a/java/bootclasspath_fragment_test.go b/java/bootclasspath_fragment_test.go
index 2bfb255..c63df59 100644
--- a/java/bootclasspath_fragment_test.go
+++ b/java/bootclasspath_fragment_test.go
@@ -96,23 +96,6 @@
 }
 
 func TestBootclasspathFragment_Coverage(t *testing.T) {
-	prepareForTestWithFrameworkCoverage := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
-		android.FixtureMergeEnv(map[string]string{
-			"EMMA_INSTRUMENT":           "true",
-			"EMMA_INSTRUMENT_FRAMEWORK": "true",
-		}),
-		// need to mock jacocoagent here to satisfy dependency added for
-		// instrumented libraries at build time
-		android.FixtureAddFile("jacocoagent/Android.bp", []byte(`
-			java_library {
-				name: "jacocoagent",
-				srcs: ["Test.java"],
-				system_modules: "none",
-				sdk_version: "none",
-			}
-		`)),
-	)
-
 	prepareWithBp := android.FixtureWithRootAndroidBp(`
 		bootclasspath_fragment {
 			name: "myfragment",
@@ -191,7 +174,7 @@
 
 	t.Run("with coverage", func(t *testing.T) {
 		result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
-			prepareForTestWithFrameworkCoverage,
+			prepareForTestWithFrameworkJacocoInstrumentation,
 			preparer,
 		).RunTest(t)
 		checkContents(t, result, "mybootlib", "coveragelib")
diff --git a/java/jacoco.go b/java/jacoco.go
index e11c2ce..f8012b8 100644
--- a/java/jacoco.go
+++ b/java/jacoco.go
@@ -47,6 +47,34 @@
 		"strippedJar", "stripSpec", "tmpDir", "tmpJar")
 )
 
+func jacocoDepsMutator(ctx android.BottomUpMutatorContext) {
+	type instrumentable interface {
+		shouldInstrument(ctx android.BaseModuleContext) bool
+		shouldInstrumentInApex(ctx android.BaseModuleContext) bool
+		setInstrument(value bool)
+	}
+
+	j, ok := ctx.Module().(instrumentable)
+	if !ctx.Module().Enabled() || !ok {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if j.shouldInstrumentInApex(ctx) {
+		j.setInstrument(true)
+	}
+
+	if j.shouldInstrument(ctx) && ctx.ModuleName() != "jacocoagent" {
+		// We can use AddFarVariationDependencies here because, since this dep
+		// is added as libs only (i.e. a compiletime CLASSPATH entry only),
+		// the first variant of jacocoagent is sufficient to prevent
+		// compile time errors.
+		// At this stage in the build, AddVariationDependencies is not always
+		// able to procure a variant of jacocoagent that matches the calling
+		// module.
+		ctx.AddFarVariationDependencies(ctx.Module().Target().Variations(), libTag, "jacocoagent")
+	}
+}
+
 // Instruments a jar using the Jacoco command line interface.  Uses stripSpec to extract a subset
 // of the classes in inputJar into strippedJar, instruments strippedJar into tmpJar, and then
 // combines the classes in tmpJar with inputJar (preferring the instrumented classes in tmpJar)
diff --git a/java/java.go b/java/java.go
index f98f1e8..e467123 100644
--- a/java/java.go
+++ b/java/java.go
@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@
 	// to support the checks in dexpreoptDisabled().
 	ctx.FinalDepsMutators(func(ctx android.RegisterMutatorsContext) {
 		ctx.BottomUp("dexpreopt_tool_deps", dexpreoptToolDepsMutator).Parallel()
+		// needs access to ApexInfoProvider which is available after variant creation
+		ctx.BottomUp("jacoco_deps", jacocoDepsMutator).Parallel()
 	})
 
 	ctx.RegisterSingletonType("logtags", LogtagsSingleton)
diff --git a/java/testing.go b/java/testing.go
index 511cc5d..1f41191 100644
--- a/java/testing.go
+++ b/java/testing.go
@@ -59,11 +59,9 @@
 	}.AddToFixture(),
 )
 
-// Test fixture preparer that will define all default java modules except the
-// fake_tool_binary for dex2oatd.
-var PrepareForTestWithJavaDefaultModulesWithoutFakeDex2oatd = android.GroupFixturePreparers(
-	// Make sure that all the module types used in the defaults are registered.
-	PrepareForTestWithJavaBuildComponents,
+var prepareForTestWithFrameworkDeps = android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+	// The java default module definitions.
+	android.FixtureAddTextFile(defaultJavaDir+"/Android.bp", gatherRequiredDepsForTest()),
 	// Additional files needed when test disallows non-existent source.
 	android.MockFS{
 		// Needed for framework-res
@@ -77,8 +75,14 @@
 		"build/make/core/proguard.flags":             nil,
 		"build/make/core/proguard_basic_keeps.flags": nil,
 	}.AddToFixture(),
-	// The java default module definitions.
-	android.FixtureAddTextFile(defaultJavaDir+"/Android.bp", gatherRequiredDepsForTest()),
+)
+
+// Test fixture preparer that will define all default java modules except the
+// fake_tool_binary for dex2oatd.
+var PrepareForTestWithJavaDefaultModulesWithoutFakeDex2oatd = android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+	// Make sure that all the module types used in the defaults are registered.
+	PrepareForTestWithJavaBuildComponents,
+	prepareForTestWithFrameworkDeps,
 	// Add dexpreopt compat libs (android.test.base, etc.) and a fake dex2oatd module.
 	dexpreopt.PrepareForTestWithDexpreoptCompatLibs,
 )
@@ -141,6 +145,30 @@
 	"30": {},
 })
 
+var prepareForTestWithFrameworkJacocoInstrumentation = android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+	android.FixtureMergeEnv(map[string]string{
+		"EMMA_INSTRUMENT_FRAMEWORK": "true",
+	}),
+	PrepareForTestWithJacocoInstrumentation,
+)
+
+// PrepareForTestWithJacocoInstrumentation creates a mock jacocoagent library that can be
+// depended on as part of the build process for instrumented Java modules.
+var PrepareForTestWithJacocoInstrumentation = android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+	android.FixtureMergeEnv(map[string]string{
+		"EMMA_INSTRUMENT": "true",
+	}),
+	android.FixtureAddFile("jacocoagent/Test.java", nil),
+	android.FixtureAddFile("jacocoagent/Android.bp", []byte(`
+		java_library {
+			name: "jacocoagent",
+			host_supported: true,
+			srcs: ["Test.java"],
+			sdk_version: "current",
+		}
+	`)),
+)
+
 // FixtureWithPrebuiltApis creates a preparer that will define prebuilt api modules for the
 // specified releases and modules.
 //