diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index df428c2..ad282a5 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -594,12 +594,6 @@
 by all of the vendor's other modules using the normal namespace and visibility
 rules.
 
-`soongConfigTraceMutator` enables modules affected by soong config variables to
-write outputs into a hashed directory path. It does this by recording accesses
-to soong config variables on each module, and then accumulating records of each
-module's all dependencies. `m soong_config_trace` builds information about
-hashes to `$OUT_DIR/soong/soong_config_trace.json`.
-
 ## Build logic
 
 The build logic is written in Go using the
diff --git a/android/Android.bp b/android/Android.bp
index 985ffa9..774d24a 100644
--- a/android/Android.bp
+++ b/android/Android.bp
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
         "buildinfo_prop.go",
         "compliance_metadata.go",
         "config.go",
+        "container.go",
         "test_config.go",
         "configurable_properties.go",
         "configured_jars.go",
@@ -113,6 +114,7 @@
         "androidmk_test.go",
         "apex_test.go",
         "arch_test.go",
+        "blueprint_e2e_test.go",
         "config_test.go",
         "configured_jars_test.go",
         "csuite_config_test.go",
diff --git a/android/androidmk_test.go b/android/androidmk_test.go
index ae2187f..72b8654 100644
--- a/android/androidmk_test.go
+++ b/android/androidmk_test.go
@@ -36,10 +36,6 @@
 	data       AndroidMkData
 	distFiles  TaggedDistFiles
 	outputFile OptionalPath
-
-	// The paths that will be used as the default dist paths if no tag is
-	// specified.
-	defaultDistPaths Paths
 }
 
 const (
@@ -51,6 +47,7 @@
 func (m *customModule) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ctx ModuleContext) {
 
 	m.base().licenseMetadataFile = PathForOutput(ctx, "meta_lic")
+	var defaultDistPaths Paths
 
 	// If the dist_output_file: true then create an output file that is stored in
 	// the OutputFile property of the AndroidMkEntry.
@@ -62,7 +59,7 @@
 		// property in AndroidMkEntry when determining the default dist paths.
 		// Setting this first allows it to be overridden based on the
 		// default_dist_files setting replicating that previous behavior.
-		m.defaultDistPaths = Paths{path}
+		defaultDistPaths = Paths{path}
 	}
 
 	// Based on the setting of the default_dist_files property possibly create a
@@ -71,29 +68,40 @@
 	defaultDistFiles := proptools.StringDefault(m.properties.Default_dist_files, defaultDistFiles_Tagged)
 	switch defaultDistFiles {
 	case defaultDistFiles_None:
-		// Do nothing
+		m.setOutputFiles(ctx, defaultDistPaths)
 
 	case defaultDistFiles_Default:
 		path := PathForTesting("default-dist.out")
-		m.defaultDistPaths = Paths{path}
+		defaultDistPaths = Paths{path}
+		m.setOutputFiles(ctx, defaultDistPaths)
 		m.distFiles = MakeDefaultDistFiles(path)
 
 	case defaultDistFiles_Tagged:
 		// Module types that set AndroidMkEntry.DistFiles to the result of calling
 		// GenerateTaggedDistFiles(ctx) relied on no tag being treated as "" which
-		// meant that the default dist paths would be whatever was returned by
-		// OutputFiles(""). In order to preserve that behavior when treating no tag
-		// as being equal to DefaultDistTag this ensures that
-		// OutputFiles(DefaultDistTag) will return the same as OutputFiles("").
-		m.defaultDistPaths = PathsForTesting("one.out")
+		// meant that the default dist paths would be the same as empty-string-tag
+		// output files. In order to preserve that behavior when treating no tag
+		// as being equal to DefaultDistTag this ensures that DefaultDistTag output
+		// will be the same as empty-string-tag output.
+		defaultDistPaths = PathsForTesting("one.out")
+		m.setOutputFiles(ctx, defaultDistPaths)
 
 		// This must be called after setting defaultDistPaths/outputFile as
-		// GenerateTaggedDistFiles calls into OutputFiles(tag) which may use those
-		// fields.
+		// GenerateTaggedDistFiles calls into outputFiles property which may use
+		// those fields.
 		m.distFiles = m.GenerateTaggedDistFiles(ctx)
 	}
 }
 
+func (m *customModule) setOutputFiles(ctx ModuleContext, defaultDistPaths Paths) {
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles(PathsForTesting("one.out"), "")
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles(PathsForTesting("two.out", "three/four.out"), ".multiple")
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles(PathsForTesting("another.out"), ".another-tag")
+	if defaultDistPaths != nil {
+		ctx.SetOutputFiles(defaultDistPaths, DefaultDistTag)
+	}
+}
+
 func (m *customModule) AndroidMk() AndroidMkData {
 	return AndroidMkData{
 		Custom: func(w io.Writer, name, prefix, moduleDir string, data AndroidMkData) {
@@ -102,25 +110,6 @@
 	}
 }
 
-func (m *customModule) OutputFiles(tag string) (Paths, error) {
-	switch tag {
-	case DefaultDistTag:
-		if m.defaultDistPaths != nil {
-			return m.defaultDistPaths, nil
-		} else {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("default dist tag is not available")
-		}
-	case "":
-		return PathsForTesting("one.out"), nil
-	case ".multiple":
-		return PathsForTesting("two.out", "three/four.out"), nil
-	case ".another-tag":
-		return PathsForTesting("another.out"), nil
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported module reference tag %q", tag)
-	}
-}
-
 func (m *customModule) AndroidMkEntries() []AndroidMkEntries {
 	return []AndroidMkEntries{
 		{
diff --git a/android/apex.go b/android/apex.go
index 683e501..ecab8e3 100644
--- a/android/apex.go
+++ b/android/apex.go
@@ -610,9 +610,15 @@
 		return ""
 	}
 
-	// If this module has no apex variations the use the platform variation.
 	if len(apexInfos) == 0 {
-		return ""
+		if ctx.IsAddingDependency() {
+			// If this module has no apex variations we can't do any mapping on the incoming variation, just return it
+			// and let the caller get a "missing variant" error.
+			return incomingVariation
+		} else {
+			// If this module has no apex variations the use the platform variation.
+			return ""
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Convert the list of apex infos into from the AllApexInfoProvider into the merged list
diff --git a/android/arch_list.go b/android/arch_list.go
index f4409a9..4233456 100644
--- a/android/arch_list.go
+++ b/android/arch_list.go
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@
 		"kryo385",
 		"exynos-m1",
 		"exynos-m2",
+		"oryon",
 	},
 	X86:    {},
 	X86_64: {},
diff --git a/android/blueprint_e2e_test.go b/android/blueprint_e2e_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b274512
--- /dev/null
+++ b/android/blueprint_e2e_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+// Copyright 2024 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package android
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+var testCases []struct {
+	name          string
+	fs            MockFS
+	expectedError string
+} = []struct {
+	name          string
+	fs            MockFS
+	expectedError string
+}{
+	{
+		name: "Can't reference variable before assignment",
+		fs: map[string][]byte{
+			"Android.bp": []byte(`
+x = foo
+foo = "hello"
+`),
+		},
+		expectedError: "undefined variable foo",
+	},
+	{
+		name: "Can't append to variable before assigned to",
+		fs: map[string][]byte{
+			"Android.bp": []byte(`
+foo += "world"
+foo = "hello"
+`),
+		},
+		expectedError: "modified non-existent variable \"foo\" with \\+=",
+	},
+	{
+		name: "Can't reassign variable",
+		fs: map[string][]byte{
+			"Android.bp": []byte(`
+foo = "hello"
+foo = "world"
+`),
+		},
+		expectedError: "variable already set, previous assignment:",
+	},
+	{
+		name: "Can't reassign variable in inherited scope",
+		fs: map[string][]byte{
+			"Android.bp": []byte(`
+foo = "hello"
+`),
+			"foo/Android.bp": []byte(`
+foo = "world"
+`),
+		},
+		expectedError: "variable already set in inherited scope, previous assignment:",
+	},
+	{
+		name: "Can't modify variable in inherited scope",
+		fs: map[string][]byte{
+			"Android.bp": []byte(`
+foo = "hello"
+`),
+			"foo/Android.bp": []byte(`
+foo += "world"
+`),
+		},
+		expectedError: "modified non-local variable \"foo\" with \\+=",
+	},
+	{
+		name: "Can't modify variable after referencing",
+		fs: map[string][]byte{
+			"Android.bp": []byte(`
+foo = "hello"
+x = foo
+foo += "world"
+`),
+		},
+		expectedError: "modified variable \"foo\" with \\+= after referencing",
+	},
+}
+
+func TestBlueprintErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			fixtures := FixtureMergeMockFs(tc.fs)
+			fixtures = fixtures.ExtendWithErrorHandler(FixtureExpectsOneErrorPattern(tc.expectedError))
+			fixtures.RunTest(t)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/android/buildinfo_prop.go b/android/buildinfo_prop.go
index defbff0..bba4c0d 100644
--- a/android/buildinfo_prop.go
+++ b/android/buildinfo_prop.go
@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@
 package android
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
-
 	"github.com/google/blueprint/proptools"
 )
 
@@ -41,20 +39,10 @@
 	installPath    InstallPath
 }
 
-var _ OutputFileProducer = (*buildinfoPropModule)(nil)
-
 func (p *buildinfoPropModule) installable() bool {
 	return proptools.BoolDefault(p.properties.Installable, true)
 }
 
-// OutputFileProducer
-func (p *buildinfoPropModule) OutputFiles(tag string) (Paths, error) {
-	if tag != "" {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported tag %q", tag)
-	}
-	return Paths{p.outputFilePath}, nil
-}
-
 func shouldAddBuildThumbprint(config Config) bool {
 	knownOemProperties := []string{
 		"ro.product.brand",
@@ -76,6 +64,8 @@
 		return
 	}
 	p.outputFilePath = PathForModuleOut(ctx, p.Name()).OutputPath
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles(Paths{p.outputFilePath}, "")
+
 	if !ctx.Config().KatiEnabled() {
 		WriteFileRule(ctx, p.outputFilePath, "# no buildinfo.prop if kati is disabled")
 		return
diff --git a/android/config.go b/android/config.go
index cda01f0..d16377d 100644
--- a/android/config.go
+++ b/android/config.go
@@ -1055,6 +1055,22 @@
 	return defaultDir.Join(ctx, "testkey.x509.pem"), defaultDir.Join(ctx, "testkey.pk8")
 }
 
+func (c *config) ExtraOtaKeys(ctx PathContext, recovery bool) []SourcePath {
+	var otaKeys []string
+	if recovery {
+		otaKeys = c.productVariables.ExtraOtaRecoveryKeys
+	} else {
+		otaKeys = c.productVariables.ExtraOtaKeys
+	}
+
+	otaPaths := make([]SourcePath, len(otaKeys))
+	for i, key := range otaKeys {
+		otaPaths[i] = PathForSource(ctx, key+".x509.pem")
+	}
+
+	return otaPaths
+}
+
 func (c *config) BuildKeys() string {
 	defaultCert := String(c.productVariables.DefaultAppCertificate)
 	if defaultCert == "" || defaultCert == filepath.Join(testKeyDir, "testkey") {
diff --git a/android/container.go b/android/container.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4fdd9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/android/container.go
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+// Copyright 2024 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package android
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"slices"
+
+	"github.com/google/blueprint"
+)
+
+type StubsAvailableModule interface {
+	IsStubsModule() bool
+}
+
+// Returns true if the dependency module is a stubs module
+var depIsStubsModule = func(_ ModuleContext, _, dep Module) bool {
+	if stubsModule, ok := dep.(StubsAvailableModule); ok {
+		return stubsModule.IsStubsModule()
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// Labels of exception functions, which are used to determine special dependencies that allow
+// otherwise restricted inter-container dependencies
+type exceptionHandleFuncLabel int
+
+const (
+	checkStubs exceptionHandleFuncLabel = iota
+)
+
+// Functions cannot be used as a value passed in providers, because functions are not
+// hashable. As a workaround, the exceptionHandleFunc enum values are passed using providers,
+// and the corresponding functions are called from this map.
+var exceptionHandleFunctionsTable = map[exceptionHandleFuncLabel]func(ModuleContext, Module, Module) bool{
+	checkStubs: depIsStubsModule,
+}
+
+type InstallableModule interface {
+	EnforceApiContainerChecks() bool
+}
+
+type restriction struct {
+	// container of the dependency
+	dependency *container
+
+	// Error message to be emitted to the user when the dependency meets this restriction
+	errorMessage string
+
+	// List of labels of allowed exception functions that allows bypassing this restriction.
+	// If any of the functions mapped to each labels returns true, this dependency would be
+	// considered allowed and an error will not be thrown.
+	allowedExceptions []exceptionHandleFuncLabel
+}
+type container struct {
+	// The name of the container i.e. partition, api domain
+	name string
+
+	// Map of dependency restricted containers.
+	restricted []restriction
+}
+
+var (
+	VendorContainer = &container{
+		name:       VendorVariation,
+		restricted: nil,
+	}
+	SystemContainer = &container{
+		name: "system",
+		restricted: []restriction{
+			{
+				dependency: VendorContainer,
+				errorMessage: "Module belonging to the system partition other than HALs is " +
+					"not allowed to depend on the vendor partition module, in order to support " +
+					"independent development/update cycles and to support the Generic System " +
+					"Image. Try depending on HALs, VNDK or AIDL instead.",
+				allowedExceptions: []exceptionHandleFuncLabel{},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	ProductContainer = &container{
+		name: ProductVariation,
+		restricted: []restriction{
+			{
+				dependency: VendorContainer,
+				errorMessage: "Module belonging to the product partition is not allowed to " +
+					"depend on the vendor partition module, as this may lead to security " +
+					"vulnerabilities. Try depending on the HALs or utilize AIDL instead.",
+				allowedExceptions: []exceptionHandleFuncLabel{},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	ApexContainer = initializeApexContainer()
+	CtsContainer  = &container{
+		name: "cts",
+		restricted: []restriction{
+			{
+				dependency: SystemContainer,
+				errorMessage: "CTS module should not depend on the modules belonging to the " +
+					"system partition, including \"framework\". Depending on the system " +
+					"partition may lead to disclosure of implementation details and regression " +
+					"due to API changes across platform versions. Try depending on the stubs instead.",
+				allowedExceptions: []exceptionHandleFuncLabel{checkStubs},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+)
+
+func initializeApexContainer() *container {
+	apexContainer := &container{
+		name: "apex",
+		restricted: []restriction{
+			{
+				dependency: SystemContainer,
+				errorMessage: "Module belonging to Apex(es) is not allowed to depend on the " +
+					"modules belonging to the system partition. Either statically depend on the " +
+					"module or convert the depending module to java_sdk_library and depend on " +
+					"the stubs.",
+				allowedExceptions: []exceptionHandleFuncLabel{checkStubs},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	apexContainer.restricted = append(apexContainer.restricted, restriction{
+		dependency: apexContainer,
+		errorMessage: "Module belonging to Apex(es) is not allowed to depend on the " +
+			"modules belonging to other Apex(es). Either include the depending " +
+			"module in the Apex or convert the depending module to java_sdk_library " +
+			"and depend on its stubs.",
+		allowedExceptions: []exceptionHandleFuncLabel{checkStubs},
+	})
+
+	return apexContainer
+}
+
+type ContainersInfo struct {
+	belongingContainers []*container
+
+	belongingApexes []ApexInfo
+}
+
+func (c *ContainersInfo) BelongingContainers() []*container {
+	return c.belongingContainers
+}
+
+var ContainersInfoProvider = blueprint.NewProvider[ContainersInfo]()
+
+// Determines if the module can be installed in the system partition or not.
+// Logic is identical to that of modulePartition(...) defined in paths.go
+func installInSystemPartition(ctx ModuleContext) bool {
+	module := ctx.Module()
+	return !module.InstallInTestcases() &&
+		!module.InstallInData() &&
+		!module.InstallInRamdisk() &&
+		!module.InstallInVendorRamdisk() &&
+		!module.InstallInDebugRamdisk() &&
+		!module.InstallInRecovery() &&
+		!module.InstallInVendor() &&
+		!module.InstallInOdm() &&
+		!module.InstallInProduct() &&
+		determineModuleKind(module.base(), ctx.blueprintBaseModuleContext()) == platformModule
+}
+
+func generateContainerInfo(ctx ModuleContext) ContainersInfo {
+	inSystem := installInSystemPartition(ctx)
+	inProduct := ctx.Module().InstallInProduct()
+	inVendor := ctx.Module().InstallInVendor()
+	inCts := false
+	inApex := false
+
+	if m, ok := ctx.Module().(ImageInterface); ok {
+		inProduct = inProduct || m.ProductVariantNeeded(ctx)
+		inVendor = inVendor || m.VendorVariantNeeded(ctx)
+	}
+
+	props := ctx.Module().GetProperties()
+	for _, prop := range props {
+		val := reflect.ValueOf(prop).Elem()
+		if val.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+			testSuites := val.FieldByName("Test_suites")
+			if testSuites.IsValid() && testSuites.Kind() == reflect.Slice && slices.Contains(testSuites.Interface().([]string), "cts") {
+				inCts = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	var belongingApexes []ApexInfo
+	if apexInfo, ok := ModuleProvider(ctx, AllApexInfoProvider); ok {
+		belongingApexes = apexInfo.ApexInfos
+		inApex = true
+	}
+
+	containers := []*container{}
+	if inSystem {
+		containers = append(containers, SystemContainer)
+	}
+	if inProduct {
+		containers = append(containers, ProductContainer)
+	}
+	if inVendor {
+		containers = append(containers, VendorContainer)
+	}
+	if inCts {
+		containers = append(containers, CtsContainer)
+	}
+	if inApex {
+		containers = append(containers, ApexContainer)
+	}
+
+	return ContainersInfo{
+		belongingContainers: containers,
+		belongingApexes:     belongingApexes,
+	}
+}
+
+func setContainerInfo(ctx ModuleContext) {
+	if _, ok := ctx.Module().(InstallableModule); ok {
+		containersInfo := generateContainerInfo(ctx)
+		SetProvider(ctx, ContainersInfoProvider, containersInfo)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/android/image.go b/android/image.go
index c278dcd..0f03107 100644
--- a/android/image.go
+++ b/android/image.go
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 	// VendorVariantNeeded should return true if the module needs a vendor variant (installed on the vendor image).
 	VendorVariantNeeded(ctx BaseModuleContext) bool
 
-	// ProductVariantNeeded should return true if the module needs a product variant (unstalled on the product image).
+	// ProductVariantNeeded should return true if the module needs a product variant (installed on the product image).
 	ProductVariantNeeded(ctx BaseModuleContext) bool
 
 	// CoreVariantNeeded should return true if the module needs a core variant (installed on the system image).
diff --git a/android/license_metadata.go b/android/license_metadata.go
index 3fea029..8056189 100644
--- a/android/license_metadata.go
+++ b/android/license_metadata.go
@@ -45,8 +45,7 @@
 	}
 
 	var outputFiles Paths
-	if outputFileProducer, ok := ctx.Module().(OutputFileProducer); ok {
-		outputFiles, _ = outputFileProducer.OutputFiles("")
+	if outputFiles, err := outputFilesForModule(ctx, ctx.Module(), ""); err == nil {
 		outputFiles = PathsIfNonNil(outputFiles...)
 	}
 
diff --git a/android/module.go b/android/module.go
index e2c24bf..75e73c6 100644
--- a/android/module.go
+++ b/android/module.go
@@ -15,9 +15,6 @@
 package android
 
 import (
-	"crypto/md5"
-	"encoding/hex"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/url"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -247,31 +244,6 @@
 	return l[:k+1]
 }
 
-// soongConfigTrace holds all references to VendorVars. Uses []string for blueprint:"mutated"
-type soongConfigTrace struct {
-	Bools   []string `json:",omitempty"`
-	Strings []string `json:",omitempty"`
-	IsSets  []string `json:",omitempty"`
-}
-
-func (c *soongConfigTrace) isEmpty() bool {
-	return len(c.Bools) == 0 && len(c.Strings) == 0 && len(c.IsSets) == 0
-}
-
-// Returns hash of serialized trace records (empty string if there's no trace recorded)
-func (c *soongConfigTrace) hash() string {
-	// Use MD5 for speed. We don't care collision or preimage attack
-	if c.isEmpty() {
-		return ""
-	}
-	j, err := json.Marshal(c)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(fmt.Errorf("json marshal of %#v failed: %#v", *c, err))
-	}
-	hash := md5.Sum(j)
-	return hex.EncodeToString(hash[:])
-}
-
 type nameProperties struct {
 	// The name of the module.  Must be unique across all modules.
 	Name *string
@@ -523,14 +495,6 @@
 	// constants in image.go, but can also be set to a custom value by individual module types.
 	ImageVariation string `blueprint:"mutated"`
 
-	// SoongConfigTrace records accesses to VendorVars (soong_config). The trace will be hashed
-	// and used as a subdir of PathForModuleOut.  Note that we mainly focus on incremental
-	// builds among similar products (e.g. aosp_cf_x86_64_phone and aosp_cf_x86_64_foldable),
-	// and there are variables other than soong_config, which isn't captured by soong config
-	// trace, but influence modules among products.
-	SoongConfigTrace     soongConfigTrace `blueprint:"mutated"`
-	SoongConfigTraceHash string           `blueprint:"mutated"`
-
 	// The team (defined by the owner/vendor) who owns the property.
 	Team *string `android:"path"`
 }
@@ -1234,17 +1198,28 @@
 		// the special tag name which represents that.
 		tag := proptools.StringDefault(dist.Tag, DefaultDistTag)
 
+		distFileForTagFromProvider, err := outputFilesForModuleFromProvider(ctx, m.module, tag)
+		if err != OutputFilesProviderNotSet {
+			if err != nil && tag != DefaultDistTag {
+				ctx.PropertyErrorf("dist.tag", "%s", err.Error())
+			} else {
+				distFiles = distFiles.addPathsForTag(tag, distFileForTagFromProvider...)
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+
+		// if the tagged dist file cannot be obtained from OutputFilesProvider,
+		// fall back to use OutputFileProducer
+		// TODO: remove this part after OutputFilesProvider fully replaces OutputFileProducer
 		if outputFileProducer, ok := m.module.(OutputFileProducer); ok {
 			// Call the OutputFiles(tag) method to get the paths associated with the tag.
 			distFilesForTag, err := outputFileProducer.OutputFiles(tag)
-
 			// If the tag was not supported and is not DefaultDistTag then it is an error.
 			// Failing to find paths for DefaultDistTag is not an error. It just means
 			// that the module type requires the legacy behavior.
 			if err != nil && tag != DefaultDistTag {
 				ctx.PropertyErrorf("dist.tag", "%s", err.Error())
 			}
-
 			distFiles = distFiles.addPathsForTag(tag, distFilesForTag...)
 		} else if tag != DefaultDistTag {
 			// If the tag was specified then it is an error if the module does not
@@ -1771,7 +1746,11 @@
 	}
 }
 
-func (m *ModuleBase) archModuleContextFactory(ctx blueprint.IncomingTransitionContext) archModuleContext {
+type archModuleContextFactoryContext interface {
+	Config() interface{}
+}
+
+func (m *ModuleBase) archModuleContextFactory(ctx archModuleContextFactoryContext) archModuleContext {
 	config := ctx.Config().(Config)
 	target := m.Target()
 	primaryArch := false
@@ -1800,6 +1779,8 @@
 		variables:         make(map[string]string),
 	}
 
+	setContainerInfo(ctx)
+
 	m.licenseMetadataFile = PathForModuleOut(ctx, "meta_lic")
 
 	dependencyInstallFiles, dependencyPackagingSpecs := m.computeInstallDeps(ctx)
@@ -2513,24 +2494,17 @@
 
 func outputFilesForModule(ctx PathContext, module blueprint.Module, tag string) (Paths, error) {
 	outputFilesFromProvider, err := outputFilesForModuleFromProvider(ctx, module, tag)
-	if outputFilesFromProvider != nil || err != nil {
+	if outputFilesFromProvider != nil || err != OutputFilesProviderNotSet {
 		return outputFilesFromProvider, err
 	}
-	if outputFileProducer, ok := module.(OutputFileProducer); ok {
-		paths, err := outputFileProducer.OutputFiles(tag)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get output file from module %q at tag %q: %s",
-				pathContextName(ctx, module), tag, err.Error())
-		}
-		return paths, nil
-	} else if sourceFileProducer, ok := module.(SourceFileProducer); ok {
+	if sourceFileProducer, ok := module.(SourceFileProducer); ok {
 		if tag != "" {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("module %q is a SourceFileProducer, not an OutputFileProducer, and so does not support tag %q", pathContextName(ctx, module), tag)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("module %q is a SourceFileProducer, which does not support tag %q", pathContextName(ctx, module), tag)
 		}
 		paths := sourceFileProducer.Srcs()
 		return paths, nil
 	} else {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("module %q is not an OutputFileProducer or SourceFileProducer", pathContextName(ctx, module))
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("module %q is not a SourceFileProducer or having valid output file for tag %q", pathContextName(ctx, module), tag)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -2541,38 +2515,42 @@
 // reading OutputFilesProvider before GenerateBuildActions is finished.
 // If a module doesn't have the OutputFilesProvider, nil is returned.
 func outputFilesForModuleFromProvider(ctx PathContext, module blueprint.Module, tag string) (Paths, error) {
-	var outputFilesProvider OutputFilesInfo
+	var outputFiles OutputFilesInfo
+	fromProperty := false
 
-	if mctx, isMctx := ctx.(ModuleContext); isMctx {
+	type OutputFilesProviderModuleContext interface {
+		OtherModuleProviderContext
+		Module() Module
+	}
+
+	if mctx, isMctx := ctx.(OutputFilesProviderModuleContext); isMctx {
 		if mctx.Module() != module {
-			outputFilesProvider, _ = OtherModuleProvider(mctx, module, OutputFilesProvider)
+			outputFiles, _ = OtherModuleProvider(mctx, module, OutputFilesProvider)
 		} else {
-			if tag == "" {
-				return mctx.Module().base().outputFiles.DefaultOutputFiles, nil
-			} else if taggedOutputFiles, hasTag := mctx.Module().base().outputFiles.TaggedOutputFiles[tag]; hasTag {
-				return taggedOutputFiles, nil
-			} else {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported tag %q for module getting its own output files", tag)
-			}
+			outputFiles = mctx.Module().base().outputFiles
+			fromProperty = true
 		}
 	} else if cta, isCta := ctx.(*singletonContextAdaptor); isCta {
 		providerData, _ := cta.moduleProvider(module, OutputFilesProvider)
-		outputFilesProvider, _ = providerData.(OutputFilesInfo)
+		outputFiles, _ = providerData.(OutputFilesInfo)
 	}
 	// TODO: Add a check for skipped context
 
-	if !outputFilesProvider.isEmpty() {
-		if tag == "" {
-			return outputFilesProvider.DefaultOutputFiles, nil
-		} else if taggedOutputFiles, hasTag := outputFilesProvider.TaggedOutputFiles[tag]; hasTag {
-			return taggedOutputFiles, nil
+	if outputFiles.isEmpty() {
+		return nil, OutputFilesProviderNotSet
+	}
+
+	if tag == "" {
+		return outputFiles.DefaultOutputFiles, nil
+	} else if taggedOutputFiles, hasTag := outputFiles.TaggedOutputFiles[tag]; hasTag {
+		return taggedOutputFiles, nil
+	} else {
+		if fromProperty {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported tag %q for module getting its own output files", tag)
 		} else {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported module reference tag %q", tag)
 		}
 	}
-
-	// TODO: Add a check for param module not having OutputFilesProvider set
-	return nil, nil
 }
 
 func (o OutputFilesInfo) isEmpty() bool {
@@ -2589,6 +2567,9 @@
 
 var OutputFilesProvider = blueprint.NewProvider[OutputFilesInfo]()
 
+// This is used to mark the case where OutputFilesProvider is not set on some modules.
+var OutputFilesProviderNotSet = fmt.Errorf("No output files from provider")
+
 // Modules can implement HostToolProvider and return a valid OptionalPath from HostToolPath() to
 // specify that they can be used as a tool by a genrule module.
 type HostToolProvider interface {
@@ -2600,8 +2581,6 @@
 
 func init() {
 	RegisterParallelSingletonType("buildtarget", BuildTargetSingleton)
-	RegisterParallelSingletonType("soongconfigtrace", soongConfigTraceSingletonFunc)
-	FinalDepsMutators(registerSoongConfigTraceMutator)
 }
 
 func BuildTargetSingleton() Singleton {
@@ -2763,54 +2742,3 @@
 	bpctx := ctx.blueprintBaseModuleContext()
 	return blueprint.CheckBlueprintSyntax(bpctx.ModuleFactories(), filename, contents)
 }
-
-func registerSoongConfigTraceMutator(ctx RegisterMutatorsContext) {
-	ctx.BottomUp("soongconfigtrace", soongConfigTraceMutator).Parallel()
-}
-
-// soongConfigTraceMutator accumulates recorded soong_config trace from children. Also it normalizes
-// SoongConfigTrace to make it consistent.
-func soongConfigTraceMutator(ctx BottomUpMutatorContext) {
-	trace := &ctx.Module().base().commonProperties.SoongConfigTrace
-	ctx.VisitDirectDeps(func(m Module) {
-		childTrace := &m.base().commonProperties.SoongConfigTrace
-		trace.Bools = append(trace.Bools, childTrace.Bools...)
-		trace.Strings = append(trace.Strings, childTrace.Strings...)
-		trace.IsSets = append(trace.IsSets, childTrace.IsSets...)
-	})
-	trace.Bools = SortedUniqueStrings(trace.Bools)
-	trace.Strings = SortedUniqueStrings(trace.Strings)
-	trace.IsSets = SortedUniqueStrings(trace.IsSets)
-
-	ctx.Module().base().commonProperties.SoongConfigTraceHash = trace.hash()
-}
-
-// soongConfigTraceSingleton writes a map from each module's config hash value to trace data.
-func soongConfigTraceSingletonFunc() Singleton {
-	return &soongConfigTraceSingleton{}
-}
-
-type soongConfigTraceSingleton struct {
-}
-
-func (s *soongConfigTraceSingleton) GenerateBuildActions(ctx SingletonContext) {
-	outFile := PathForOutput(ctx, "soong_config_trace.json")
-
-	traces := make(map[string]*soongConfigTrace)
-	ctx.VisitAllModules(func(module Module) {
-		trace := &module.base().commonProperties.SoongConfigTrace
-		if !trace.isEmpty() {
-			hash := module.base().commonProperties.SoongConfigTraceHash
-			traces[hash] = trace
-		}
-	})
-
-	j, err := json.Marshal(traces)
-	if err != nil {
-		ctx.Errorf("json marshal to %q failed: %#v", outFile, err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	WriteFileRule(ctx, outFile, string(j))
-	ctx.Phony("soong_config_trace", outFile)
-}
diff --git a/android/module_context.go b/android/module_context.go
index 2e16a24..253bebd 100644
--- a/android/module_context.go
+++ b/android/module_context.go
@@ -188,7 +188,6 @@
 	TargetRequiredModuleNames() []string
 
 	ModuleSubDir() string
-	SoongConfigTraceHash() string
 
 	Variable(pctx PackageContext, name, value string)
 	Rule(pctx PackageContext, name string, params blueprint.RuleParams, argNames ...string) blueprint.Rule
@@ -382,10 +381,6 @@
 	return m.bp.ModuleSubDir()
 }
 
-func (m *moduleContext) SoongConfigTraceHash() string {
-	return m.module.base().commonProperties.SoongConfigTraceHash
-}
-
 func (m *moduleContext) InstallInData() bool {
 	return m.module.InstallInData()
 }
diff --git a/android/module_test.go b/android/module_test.go
index 1f3db5c..922ea21 100644
--- a/android/module_test.go
+++ b/android/module_test.go
@@ -935,31 +935,54 @@
 	}
 }
 
-type fakeBlueprintModule struct{}
-
-func (fakeBlueprintModule) Name() string { return "foo" }
-
-func (fakeBlueprintModule) GenerateBuildActions(blueprint.ModuleContext) {}
-
 type sourceProducerTestModule struct {
-	fakeBlueprintModule
-	source Path
+	ModuleBase
+	props struct {
+		// A represents the source file
+		A string
+	}
 }
 
-func (s sourceProducerTestModule) Srcs() Paths { return Paths{s.source} }
-
-type outputFileProducerTestModule struct {
-	fakeBlueprintModule
-	output map[string]Path
-	error  map[string]error
+func sourceProducerTestModuleFactory() Module {
+	module := &sourceProducerTestModule{}
+	module.AddProperties(&module.props)
+	InitAndroidModule(module)
+	return module
 }
 
-func (o outputFileProducerTestModule) OutputFiles(tag string) (Paths, error) {
-	return PathsIfNonNil(o.output[tag]), o.error[tag]
+func (s sourceProducerTestModule) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ModuleContext) {}
+
+func (s sourceProducerTestModule) Srcs() Paths { return PathsForTesting(s.props.A) }
+
+type outputFilesTestModule struct {
+	ModuleBase
+	props struct {
+		// A represents the tag
+		A string
+		// B represents the output file for tag A
+		B string
+	}
+}
+
+func outputFilesTestModuleFactory() Module {
+	module := &outputFilesTestModule{}
+	module.AddProperties(&module.props)
+	InitAndroidModule(module)
+	return module
+}
+
+func (o outputFilesTestModule) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ctx ModuleContext) {
+	if o.props.A != "" || o.props.B != "" {
+		ctx.SetOutputFiles(PathsForTesting(o.props.B), o.props.A)
+	}
+	// This is to simulate the case that some module uses an object to set its
+	// OutputFilesProvider, but the object itself is empty.
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles(Paths{}, "missing")
 }
 
 type pathContextAddMissingDependenciesWrapper struct {
 	PathContext
+	OtherModuleProviderContext
 	missingDeps []string
 }
 
@@ -970,52 +993,87 @@
 	return module.Name()
 }
 
+func (p *pathContextAddMissingDependenciesWrapper) Module() Module { return nil }
+
 func TestOutputFileForModule(t *testing.T) {
 	testcases := []struct {
 		name        string
-		module      blueprint.Module
+		bp          string
 		tag         string
-		env         map[string]string
-		config      func(*config)
 		expected    string
 		missingDeps []string
+		env         map[string]string
+		config      func(*config)
 	}{
 		{
-			name:     "SourceFileProducer",
-			module:   &sourceProducerTestModule{source: PathForTesting("foo.txt")},
-			expected: "foo.txt",
+			name: "SourceFileProducer",
+			bp: `spt_module {
+					name: "test_module",
+					a: "spt.txt",
+				}
+			`,
+			tag:      "",
+			expected: "spt.txt",
 		},
 		{
-			name:     "OutputFileProducer",
-			module:   &outputFileProducerTestModule{output: map[string]Path{"": PathForTesting("foo.txt")}},
-			expected: "foo.txt",
+			name: "OutputFileProviderEmptyStringTag",
+			bp: `oft_module {
+					name: "test_module",
+					a: "",
+					b: "empty.txt",
+				}
+		`,
+			tag:      "",
+			expected: "empty.txt",
 		},
 		{
-			name:     "OutputFileProducer_tag",
-			module:   &outputFileProducerTestModule{output: map[string]Path{"foo": PathForTesting("foo.txt")}},
+			name: "OutputFileProviderTag",
+			bp: `oft_module {
+					name: "test_module",
+					a: "foo",
+					b: "foo.txt",
+				}
+			`,
 			tag:      "foo",
 			expected: "foo.txt",
 		},
 		{
-			name: "OutputFileProducer_AllowMissingDependencies",
+			name: "OutputFileAllowMissingDependencies",
+			bp: `oft_module {
+				name: "test_module",
+			}
+		`,
+			tag:         "missing",
+			expected:    "missing_output_file/test_module",
+			missingDeps: []string{"test_module"},
 			config: func(config *config) {
 				config.TestProductVariables.Allow_missing_dependencies = boolPtr(true)
 			},
-			module:      &outputFileProducerTestModule{},
-			missingDeps: []string{"foo"},
-			expected:    "missing_output_file/foo",
 		},
 	}
+
 	for _, tt := range testcases {
-		config := TestConfig(buildDir, tt.env, "", nil)
-		if tt.config != nil {
-			tt.config(config.config)
-		}
-		ctx := &pathContextAddMissingDependenciesWrapper{
-			PathContext: PathContextForTesting(config),
-		}
-		got := OutputFileForModule(ctx, tt.module, tt.tag)
-		AssertPathRelativeToTopEquals(t, "expected source path", tt.expected, got)
-		AssertArrayString(t, "expected missing deps", tt.missingDeps, ctx.missingDeps)
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := GroupFixturePreparers(
+				PrepareForTestWithDefaults,
+				FixtureRegisterWithContext(func(ctx RegistrationContext) {
+					ctx.RegisterModuleType("spt_module", sourceProducerTestModuleFactory)
+					ctx.RegisterModuleType("oft_module", outputFilesTestModuleFactory)
+				}),
+				FixtureWithRootAndroidBp(tt.bp),
+			).RunTest(t)
+
+			config := TestConfig(buildDir, tt.env, tt.bp, nil)
+			if tt.config != nil {
+				tt.config(config.config)
+			}
+			ctx := &pathContextAddMissingDependenciesWrapper{
+				PathContext:                PathContextForTesting(config),
+				OtherModuleProviderContext: result.TestContext.OtherModuleProviderAdaptor(),
+			}
+			got := OutputFileForModule(ctx, result.ModuleForTests("test_module", "").Module(), tt.tag)
+			AssertPathRelativeToTopEquals(t, "expected output path", tt.expected, got)
+			AssertArrayString(t, "expected missing deps", tt.missingDeps, ctx.missingDeps)
+		})
 	}
 }
diff --git a/android/mutator.go b/android/mutator.go
index 440b906..b81dd12 100644
--- a/android/mutator.go
+++ b/android/mutator.go
@@ -400,6 +400,12 @@
 	Config() Config
 
 	DeviceConfig() DeviceConfig
+
+	// IsAddingDependency returns true if the transition is being called while adding a dependency
+	// after the transition mutator has already run, or false if it is being called when the transition
+	// mutator is running.  This should be used sparingly, all uses will have to be removed in order
+	// to support creating variants on demand.
+	IsAddingDependency() bool
 }
 
 type OutgoingTransitionContext interface {
@@ -574,6 +580,10 @@
 	return DeviceConfig{c.bp.Config().(Config).deviceConfig}
 }
 
+func (c *incomingTransitionContextImpl) IsAddingDependency() bool {
+	return c.bp.IsAddingDependency()
+}
+
 func (c *incomingTransitionContextImpl) provider(provider blueprint.AnyProviderKey) (any, bool) {
 	return c.bp.Provider(provider)
 }
diff --git a/android/neverallow.go b/android/neverallow.go
index 62c5e59..ef4b8b8 100644
--- a/android/neverallow.go
+++ b/android/neverallow.go
@@ -237,6 +237,7 @@
 			Without("name", "init_first_stage").
 			Without("name", "init_first_stage.microdroid").
 			With("install_in_root", "true").
+			NotModuleType("prebuilt_root").
 			Because("install_in_root is only for init_first_stage."),
 	}
 }
diff --git a/android/packaging.go b/android/packaging.go
index ae412e1..c247ed2 100644
--- a/android/packaging.go
+++ b/android/packaging.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/google/blueprint"
@@ -377,31 +378,59 @@
 // CopySpecsToDir is a helper that will add commands to the rule builder to copy the PackagingSpec
 // entries into the specified directory.
 func (p *PackagingBase) CopySpecsToDir(ctx ModuleContext, builder *RuleBuilder, specs map[string]PackagingSpec, dir WritablePath) (entries []string) {
-	if len(specs) == 0 {
+	dirsToSpecs := make(map[WritablePath]map[string]PackagingSpec)
+	dirsToSpecs[dir] = specs
+	return p.CopySpecsToDirs(ctx, builder, dirsToSpecs)
+}
+
+// CopySpecsToDirs is a helper that will add commands to the rule builder to copy the PackagingSpec
+// entries into corresponding directories.
+func (p *PackagingBase) CopySpecsToDirs(ctx ModuleContext, builder *RuleBuilder, dirsToSpecs map[WritablePath]map[string]PackagingSpec) (entries []string) {
+	empty := true
+	for _, specs := range dirsToSpecs {
+		if len(specs) > 0 {
+			empty = false
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if empty {
 		return entries
 	}
+
 	seenDir := make(map[string]bool)
 	preparerPath := PathForModuleOut(ctx, "preparer.sh")
 	cmd := builder.Command().Tool(preparerPath)
 	var sb strings.Builder
 	sb.WriteString("set -e\n")
-	for _, k := range SortedKeys(specs) {
-		ps := specs[k]
-		destPath := filepath.Join(dir.String(), ps.relPathInPackage)
-		destDir := filepath.Dir(destPath)
-		entries = append(entries, ps.relPathInPackage)
-		if _, ok := seenDir[destDir]; !ok {
-			seenDir[destDir] = true
-			sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("mkdir -p %s\n", destDir))
-		}
-		if ps.symlinkTarget == "" {
-			cmd.Implicit(ps.srcPath)
-			sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("cp %s %s\n", ps.srcPath, destPath))
-		} else {
-			sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("ln -sf %s %s\n", ps.symlinkTarget, destPath))
-		}
-		if ps.executable {
-			sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("chmod a+x %s\n", destPath))
+
+	dirs := make([]WritablePath, 0, len(dirsToSpecs))
+	for dir, _ := range dirsToSpecs {
+		dirs = append(dirs, dir)
+	}
+	sort.Slice(dirs, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return dirs[i].String() < dirs[j].String()
+	})
+
+	for _, dir := range dirs {
+		specs := dirsToSpecs[dir]
+		for _, k := range SortedKeys(specs) {
+			ps := specs[k]
+			destPath := filepath.Join(dir.String(), ps.relPathInPackage)
+			destDir := filepath.Dir(destPath)
+			entries = append(entries, ps.relPathInPackage)
+			if _, ok := seenDir[destDir]; !ok {
+				seenDir[destDir] = true
+				sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("mkdir -p %s\n", destDir))
+			}
+			if ps.symlinkTarget == "" {
+				cmd.Implicit(ps.srcPath)
+				sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("cp %s %s\n", ps.srcPath, destPath))
+			} else {
+				sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("ln -sf %s %s\n", ps.symlinkTarget, destPath))
+			}
+			if ps.executable {
+				sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("chmod a+x %s\n", destPath))
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/android/paths.go b/android/paths.go
index adbee70..03772eb 100644
--- a/android/paths.go
+++ b/android/paths.go
@@ -1604,11 +1604,10 @@
 	ModuleName() string
 	ModuleDir() string
 	ModuleSubDir() string
-	SoongConfigTraceHash() string
 }
 
 func pathForModuleOut(ctx ModuleOutPathContext) OutputPath {
-	return PathForOutput(ctx, ".intermediates", ctx.ModuleDir(), ctx.ModuleName(), ctx.ModuleSubDir(), ctx.SoongConfigTraceHash())
+	return PathForOutput(ctx, ".intermediates", ctx.ModuleDir(), ctx.ModuleName(), ctx.ModuleSubDir())
 }
 
 // PathForModuleOut returns a Path representing the paths... under the module's
diff --git a/android/paths_test.go b/android/paths_test.go
index 93b9b9a..941f0ca 100644
--- a/android/paths_test.go
+++ b/android/paths_test.go
@@ -1183,9 +1183,6 @@
 		Outs   []string
 		Tagged []string
 	}
-
-	outs   Paths
-	tagged Paths
 }
 
 func pathForModuleSrcOutputFileProviderModuleFactory() Module {
@@ -1196,24 +1193,17 @@
 }
 
 func (p *pathForModuleSrcOutputFileProviderModule) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ctx ModuleContext) {
+	var outs, taggedOuts Paths
 	for _, out := range p.props.Outs {
-		p.outs = append(p.outs, PathForModuleOut(ctx, out))
+		outs = append(outs, PathForModuleOut(ctx, out))
 	}
 
 	for _, tagged := range p.props.Tagged {
-		p.tagged = append(p.tagged, PathForModuleOut(ctx, tagged))
+		taggedOuts = append(taggedOuts, PathForModuleOut(ctx, tagged))
 	}
-}
 
-func (p *pathForModuleSrcOutputFileProviderModule) OutputFiles(tag string) (Paths, error) {
-	switch tag {
-	case "":
-		return p.outs, nil
-	case ".tagged":
-		return p.tagged, nil
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported tag %q", tag)
-	}
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles(outs, "")
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles(taggedOuts, ".tagged")
 }
 
 type pathForModuleSrcTestCase struct {
diff --git a/android/prebuilt_test.go b/android/prebuilt_test.go
index d775ac3..6e4fc0c 100644
--- a/android/prebuilt_test.go
+++ b/android/prebuilt_test.go
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 package android
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/google/blueprint"
@@ -494,7 +493,6 @@
 	properties struct {
 		Srcs []string `android:"path,arch_variant"`
 	}
-	src Path
 }
 
 func newPrebuiltModule() Module {
@@ -510,24 +508,17 @@
 }
 
 func (p *prebuiltModule) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ctx ModuleContext) {
+	var src Path
 	if len(p.properties.Srcs) >= 1 {
-		p.src = p.prebuilt.SingleSourcePath(ctx)
+		src = p.prebuilt.SingleSourcePath(ctx)
 	}
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles(Paths{src}, "")
 }
 
 func (p *prebuiltModule) Prebuilt() *Prebuilt {
 	return &p.prebuilt
 }
 
-func (p *prebuiltModule) OutputFiles(tag string) (Paths, error) {
-	switch tag {
-	case "":
-		return Paths{p.src}, nil
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported module reference tag %q", tag)
-	}
-}
-
 type sourceModuleProperties struct {
 	Deps []string `android:"path,arch_variant"`
 }
diff --git a/android/sdk.go b/android/sdk.go
index 121470d..4bcbe2e 100644
--- a/android/sdk.go
+++ b/android/sdk.go
@@ -513,6 +513,9 @@
 	// SupportedLinkages returns the names of the linkage variants supported by this module.
 	SupportedLinkages() []string
 
+	// DisablesStrip returns true if the stripping needs to be disabled for this module.
+	DisablesStrip() bool
+
 	// ArePrebuiltsRequired returns true if prebuilts are required in the sdk snapshot, false
 	// otherwise.
 	ArePrebuiltsRequired() bool
@@ -618,6 +621,9 @@
 	// The names of linkage variants supported by this module.
 	SupportedLinkageNames []string
 
+	// StripDisabled returns true if the stripping needs to be disabled for this module.
+	StripDisabled bool
+
 	// When set to true BpPropertyNotRequired indicates that the member type does not require the
 	// property to be specifiable in an Android.bp file.
 	BpPropertyNotRequired bool
@@ -689,6 +695,10 @@
 	return b.SupportedLinkageNames
 }
 
+func (b *SdkMemberTypeBase) DisablesStrip() bool {
+	return b.StripDisabled
+}
+
 // registeredModuleExportsMemberTypes is the set of registered SdkMemberTypes for module_exports
 // modules.
 var registeredModuleExportsMemberTypes = &sdkRegistry{}
diff --git a/android/selects_test.go b/android/selects_test.go
index e2dc403..fc020a4 100644
--- a/android/selects_test.go
+++ b/android/selects_test.go
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 	testCases := []struct {
 		name           string
 		bp             string
+		fs             MockFS
 		provider       selectsTestProvider
 		providers      map[string]selectsTestProvider
 		vendorVars     map[string]map[string]string
@@ -98,6 +99,26 @@
 			},
 		},
 		{
+			name: "Expression in select",
+			bp: `
+			my_module_type {
+				name: "foo",
+				my_string: select(soong_config_variable("my_namespace", "my_variable"), {
+					"a": "foo" + "bar",
+					default: "baz",
+				}),
+			}
+			`,
+			provider: selectsTestProvider{
+				my_string: proptools.StringPtr("foobar"),
+			},
+			vendorVars: map[string]map[string]string{
+				"my_namespace": {
+					"my_variable": "a",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
 			name: "paths with module references",
 			bp: `
 			my_module_type {
@@ -112,20 +133,6 @@
 			expectedError: `"foo" depends on undefined module "c"`,
 		},
 		{
-			name: "Differing types",
-			bp: `
-			my_module_type {
-				name: "foo",
-				my_string: select(soong_config_variable("my_namespace", "my_variable"), {
-					"a": "a.cpp",
-					"b": true,
-					default: "c.cpp",
-				}),
-			}
-			`,
-			expectedError: `Android.bp:8:5: Found select statement with differing types "string" and "bool" in its cases`,
-		},
-		{
 			name: "Select type doesn't match property type",
 			bp: `
 			my_module_type {
@@ -137,7 +144,7 @@
 				}),
 			}
 			`,
-			expectedError: `can't assign bool value to string property "my_string\[0\]"`,
+			expectedError: `can't assign bool value to string property`,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "String list non-default",
@@ -825,10 +832,194 @@
 				my_string_list: &[]string{"a.cpp", "c.cpp", "foo.cpp"},
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			name: "Arch variant bool",
+			bp: `
+			my_variable = ["b.cpp"]
+			my_module_type {
+				name: "foo",
+				arch_variant_configurable_bool: false,
+				target: {
+					bionic_arm64: {
+						enabled: true,
+					},
+				},
+			}
+			`,
+			provider: selectsTestProvider{
+				arch_variant_configurable_bool: proptools.BoolPtr(false),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Simple string binding",
+			bp: `
+			my_module_type {
+				name: "foo",
+				my_string: select(soong_config_variable("my_namespace", "my_variable"), {
+					any @ my_binding: "hello " + my_binding,
+					default: "goodbye",
+				})
+			}
+			`,
+			vendorVars: map[string]map[string]string{
+				"my_namespace": {
+					"my_variable": "world!",
+				},
+			},
+			provider: selectsTestProvider{
+				my_string: proptools.StringPtr("hello world!"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Any branch with binding not taken",
+			bp: `
+			my_module_type {
+				name: "foo",
+				my_string: select(soong_config_variable("my_namespace", "my_variable"), {
+					any @ my_binding: "hello " + my_binding,
+					default: "goodbye",
+				})
+			}
+			`,
+			provider: selectsTestProvider{
+				my_string: proptools.StringPtr("goodbye"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Any branch without binding",
+			bp: `
+			my_module_type {
+				name: "foo",
+				my_string: select(soong_config_variable("my_namespace", "my_variable"), {
+					any: "hello",
+					default: "goodbye",
+				})
+			}
+			`,
+			vendorVars: map[string]map[string]string{
+				"my_namespace": {
+					"my_variable": "world!",
+				},
+			},
+			provider: selectsTestProvider{
+				my_string: proptools.StringPtr("hello"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Binding conflicts with file-level variable",
+			bp: `
+			my_binding = "asdf"
+			my_module_type {
+				name: "foo",
+				my_string: select(soong_config_variable("my_namespace", "my_variable"), {
+					any @ my_binding: "hello",
+					default: "goodbye",
+				})
+			}
+			`,
+			vendorVars: map[string]map[string]string{
+				"my_namespace": {
+					"my_variable": "world!",
+				},
+			},
+			expectedError: "variable already set in inherited scope, previous assignment",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Binding in combination with file-level variable",
+			bp: `
+			my_var = " there "
+			my_module_type {
+				name: "foo",
+				my_string: select(soong_config_variable("my_namespace", "my_variable"), {
+					any @ my_binding: "hello" + my_var + my_binding,
+					default: "goodbye",
+				})
+			}
+			`,
+			vendorVars: map[string]map[string]string{
+				"my_namespace": {
+					"my_variable": "world!",
+				},
+			},
+			provider: selectsTestProvider{
+				my_string: proptools.StringPtr("hello there world!"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Bindings in subdirectory inherits variable",
+			fs: map[string][]byte{
+				"Android.bp": []byte(`
+my_var = "abcd"
+`),
+				"directoryB/Android.bp": []byte(`
+my_module_type {
+	name: "foo",
+	my_string: select(soong_config_variable("my_namespace", "variable_a"), {
+		any @ my_binding: my_var + my_binding,
+		default: "",
+	}),
+}
+`),
+			},
+			vendorVars: map[string]map[string]string{
+				"my_namespace": {
+					"variable_a": "e",
+				},
+			},
+			provider: selectsTestProvider{
+				my_string: proptools.StringPtr("abcde"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Cannot modify variable after referenced by select",
+			bp: `
+my_var = "foo"
+my_module_type {
+	name: "foo",
+	my_string: select(soong_config_variable("my_namespace", "variable_a"), {
+		"a": my_var,
+		default: "",
+	}),
+}
+my_var += "bar"
+`,
+			vendorVars: map[string]map[string]string{
+				"my_namespace": {
+					"variable_a": "b", // notably not the value that causes my_var to be referenced
+				},
+			},
+			expectedError: `modified variable "my_var" with \+= after referencing`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Cannot shadow variable with binding",
+			bp: `
+my_var = "foo"
+my_module_type {
+	name: "foo",
+	my_string: select(soong_config_variable("my_namespace", "variable_a"), {
+		any @ my_var: my_var,
+		default: "",
+	}),
+}
+`,
+			vendorVars: map[string]map[string]string{
+				"my_namespace": {
+					"variable_a": "a",
+				},
+			},
+			expectedError: `variable already set in inherited scope, previous assignment:`,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			fs := tc.fs
+			if fs == nil {
+				fs = make(MockFS)
+			}
+			if tc.bp != "" {
+				fs["Android.bp"] = []byte(tc.bp)
+			}
 			fixtures := GroupFixturePreparers(
 				PrepareForTestWithDefaults,
 				PrepareForTestWithArchMutator,
@@ -841,11 +1032,12 @@
 					variables.VendorVars = tc.vendorVars
 					variables.VendorVarTypes = tc.vendorVarTypes
 				}),
+				FixtureMergeMockFs(fs),
 			)
 			if tc.expectedError != "" {
 				fixtures = fixtures.ExtendWithErrorHandler(FixtureExpectsOneErrorPattern(tc.expectedError))
 			}
-			result := fixtures.RunTestWithBp(t, tc.bp)
+			result := fixtures.RunTest(t)
 
 			if tc.expectedError == "" {
 				if len(tc.providers) == 0 {
@@ -873,6 +1065,7 @@
 	my_string_list                 *[]string
 	my_paths                       *[]string
 	replacing_string_list          *[]string
+	arch_variant_configurable_bool *bool
 	my_nonconfigurable_bool        *bool
 	my_nonconfigurable_string      *string
 	my_nonconfigurable_string_list []string
@@ -897,6 +1090,7 @@
     my_string_list: %s,
     my_paths: %s,
 	replacing_string_list %s,
+	arch_variant_configurable_bool %v
 	my_nonconfigurable_bool: %v,
 	my_nonconfigurable_string: %s,
 	my_nonconfigurable_string_list: %s,
@@ -906,6 +1100,7 @@
 		p.my_string_list,
 		p.my_paths,
 		p.replacing_string_list,
+		p.arch_variant_configurable_bool,
 		p.my_nonconfigurable_bool,
 		myNonconfigurableStringStr,
 		p.my_nonconfigurable_string_list,
@@ -920,6 +1115,7 @@
 	My_string_list                 proptools.Configurable[[]string]
 	My_paths                       proptools.Configurable[[]string] `android:"path"`
 	Replacing_string_list          proptools.Configurable[[]string] `android:"replace_instead_of_append,arch_variant"`
+	Arch_variant_configurable_bool proptools.Configurable[bool]     `android:"replace_instead_of_append,arch_variant"`
 	My_nonconfigurable_bool        *bool
 	My_nonconfigurable_string      *string
 	My_nonconfigurable_string_list []string
@@ -950,6 +1146,7 @@
 		my_string_list:                 optionalToPtr(p.properties.My_string_list.Get(ctx)),
 		my_paths:                       optionalToPtr(p.properties.My_paths.Get(ctx)),
 		replacing_string_list:          optionalToPtr(p.properties.Replacing_string_list.Get(ctx)),
+		arch_variant_configurable_bool: optionalToPtr(p.properties.Arch_variant_configurable_bool.Get(ctx)),
 		my_nonconfigurable_bool:        p.properties.My_nonconfigurable_bool,
 		my_nonconfigurable_string:      p.properties.My_nonconfigurable_string,
 		my_nonconfigurable_string_list: p.properties.My_nonconfigurable_string_list,
diff --git a/android/soong_config_modules.go b/android/soong_config_modules.go
index 38db929..e0b1d7c 100644
--- a/android/soong_config_modules.go
+++ b/android/soong_config_modules.go
@@ -463,57 +463,6 @@
 	}).(map[string]blueprint.ModuleFactory)
 }
 
-// tracingConfig is a wrapper to soongconfig.SoongConfig which records all accesses to SoongConfig.
-type tracingConfig struct {
-	config    soongconfig.SoongConfig
-	boolSet   map[string]bool
-	stringSet map[string]string
-	isSetSet  map[string]bool
-}
-
-func (c *tracingConfig) Bool(name string) bool {
-	c.boolSet[name] = c.config.Bool(name)
-	return c.boolSet[name]
-}
-
-func (c *tracingConfig) String(name string) string {
-	c.stringSet[name] = c.config.String(name)
-	return c.stringSet[name]
-}
-
-func (c *tracingConfig) IsSet(name string) bool {
-	c.isSetSet[name] = c.config.IsSet(name)
-	return c.isSetSet[name]
-}
-
-func (c *tracingConfig) getTrace() soongConfigTrace {
-	ret := soongConfigTrace{}
-
-	for k, v := range c.boolSet {
-		ret.Bools = append(ret.Bools, fmt.Sprintf("%q:%t", k, v))
-	}
-	for k, v := range c.stringSet {
-		ret.Strings = append(ret.Strings, fmt.Sprintf("%q:%q", k, v))
-	}
-	for k, v := range c.isSetSet {
-		ret.IsSets = append(ret.IsSets, fmt.Sprintf("%q:%t", k, v))
-	}
-
-	return ret
-}
-
-func newTracingConfig(config soongconfig.SoongConfig) *tracingConfig {
-	c := tracingConfig{
-		config:    config,
-		boolSet:   make(map[string]bool),
-		stringSet: make(map[string]string),
-		isSetSet:  make(map[string]bool),
-	}
-	return &c
-}
-
-var _ soongconfig.SoongConfig = (*tracingConfig)(nil)
-
 // configModuleFactory takes an existing soongConfigModuleFactory and a
 // ModuleType to create a new ModuleFactory that uses a custom loadhook.
 func configModuleFactory(factory blueprint.ModuleFactory, moduleType *soongconfig.ModuleType) blueprint.ModuleFactory {
@@ -561,8 +510,8 @@
 		// conditional on Soong config variables by reading the product
 		// config variables from Make.
 		AddLoadHook(module, func(ctx LoadHookContext) {
-			tracingConfig := newTracingConfig(ctx.Config().VendorConfig(moduleType.ConfigNamespace))
-			newProps, err := soongconfig.PropertiesToApply(moduleType, conditionalProps, tracingConfig)
+			config := ctx.Config().VendorConfig(moduleType.ConfigNamespace)
+			newProps, err := soongconfig.PropertiesToApply(moduleType, conditionalProps, config)
 			if err != nil {
 				ctx.ModuleErrorf("%s", err)
 				return
@@ -570,8 +519,6 @@
 			for _, ps := range newProps {
 				ctx.AppendProperties(ps)
 			}
-
-			module.(Module).base().commonProperties.SoongConfigTrace = tracingConfig.getTrace()
 		})
 		return module, props
 	}
diff --git a/android/soong_config_modules_test.go b/android/soong_config_modules_test.go
index a6b2c51..04aafde 100644
--- a/android/soong_config_modules_test.go
+++ b/android/soong_config_modules_test.go
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 )
 
@@ -506,197 +505,3 @@
 		})
 	}
 }
-
-func TestSoongConfigModuleTrace(t *testing.T) {
-	bp := `
-		soong_config_module_type {
-			name: "acme_test",
-			module_type: "test",
-			config_namespace: "acme",
-			variables: ["board", "feature1", "FEATURE3", "unused_string_var"],
-			bool_variables: ["feature2", "unused_feature", "always_true"],
-			value_variables: ["size", "unused_size"],
-			properties: ["cflags", "srcs", "defaults"],
-		}
-
-		soong_config_module_type {
-			name: "acme_test_defaults",
-			module_type: "test_defaults",
-			config_namespace: "acme",
-			variables: ["board", "feature1", "FEATURE3", "unused_string_var"],
-			bool_variables: ["feature2", "unused_feature", "always_true"],
-			value_variables: ["size", "unused_size"],
-			properties: ["cflags", "srcs", "defaults"],
-		}
-
-		soong_config_string_variable {
-			name: "board",
-			values: ["soc_a", "soc_b", "soc_c"],
-		}
-
-		soong_config_string_variable {
-			name: "unused_string_var",
-			values: ["a", "b"],
-		}
-
-		soong_config_bool_variable {
-			name: "feature1",
-		}
-
-		soong_config_bool_variable {
-			name: "FEATURE3",
-		}
-
-		test_defaults {
-			name: "test_defaults",
-			cflags: ["DEFAULT"],
-		}
-
-		test {
-			name: "normal",
-			defaults: ["test_defaults"],
-		}
-
-		acme_test {
-			name: "board_1",
-			defaults: ["test_defaults"],
-			soong_config_variables: {
-				board: {
-					soc_a: {
-						cflags: ["-DSOC_A"],
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		}
-
-		acme_test {
-			name: "board_2",
-			defaults: ["test_defaults"],
-			soong_config_variables: {
-				board: {
-					soc_a: {
-						cflags: ["-DSOC_A"],
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		}
-
-		acme_test {
-			name: "size",
-			defaults: ["test_defaults"],
-			soong_config_variables: {
-				size: {
-					cflags: ["-DSIZE=%s"],
-				},
-			},
-		}
-
-		acme_test {
-			name: "board_and_size",
-			defaults: ["test_defaults"],
-			soong_config_variables: {
-				board: {
-					soc_a: {
-						cflags: ["-DSOC_A"],
-					},
-				},
-				size: {
-					cflags: ["-DSIZE=%s"],
-				},
-			},
-		}
-
-		acme_test_defaults {
-			name: "board_defaults",
-			soong_config_variables: {
-				board: {
-					soc_a: {
-						cflags: ["-DSOC_A"],
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		}
-
-		acme_test_defaults {
-			name: "size_defaults",
-			soong_config_variables: {
-				size: {
-					cflags: ["-DSIZE=%s"],
-				},
-			},
-		}
-
-		test {
-			name: "board_and_size_with_defaults",
-			defaults: ["board_defaults", "size_defaults"],
-		}
-    `
-
-	fixtureForVendorVars := func(vars map[string]map[string]string) FixturePreparer {
-		return FixtureModifyProductVariables(func(variables FixtureProductVariables) {
-			variables.VendorVars = vars
-		})
-	}
-
-	preparer := fixtureForVendorVars(map[string]map[string]string{
-		"acme": {
-			"board":    "soc_a",
-			"size":     "42",
-			"feature1": "true",
-			"feature2": "false",
-			// FEATURE3 unset
-			"unused_feature":    "true", // unused
-			"unused_size":       "1",    // unused
-			"unused_string_var": "a",    // unused
-			"always_true":       "true",
-		},
-	})
-
-	t.Run("soong config trace hash", func(t *testing.T) {
-		result := GroupFixturePreparers(
-			preparer,
-			PrepareForTestWithDefaults,
-			PrepareForTestWithSoongConfigModuleBuildComponents,
-			prepareForSoongConfigTestModule,
-			FixtureRegisterWithContext(func(ctx RegistrationContext) {
-				ctx.FinalDepsMutators(registerSoongConfigTraceMutator)
-			}),
-			FixtureWithRootAndroidBp(bp),
-		).RunTest(t)
-
-		// Hashes of modules not using soong config should be empty
-		normal := result.ModuleForTests("normal", "").Module().(*soongConfigTestModule)
-		AssertDeepEquals(t, "normal hash", normal.base().commonProperties.SoongConfigTraceHash, "")
-		AssertDeepEquals(t, "normal hash out", normal.outputPath.RelativeToTop().String(), "out/soong/.intermediates/normal/test")
-
-		board1 := result.ModuleForTests("board_1", "").Module().(*soongConfigTestModule)
-		board2 := result.ModuleForTests("board_2", "").Module().(*soongConfigTestModule)
-		size := result.ModuleForTests("size", "").Module().(*soongConfigTestModule)
-
-		// Trace mutator sets soong config trace hash correctly
-		board1Hash := board1.base().commonProperties.SoongConfigTrace.hash()
-		board1Output := board1.outputPath.RelativeToTop().String()
-		AssertDeepEquals(t, "board hash calc", board1Hash, board1.base().commonProperties.SoongConfigTraceHash)
-		AssertDeepEquals(t, "board hash path", board1Output, filepath.Join("out/soong/.intermediates/board_1", board1Hash, "test"))
-
-		sizeHash := size.base().commonProperties.SoongConfigTrace.hash()
-		sizeOutput := size.outputPath.RelativeToTop().String()
-		AssertDeepEquals(t, "size hash calc", sizeHash, size.base().commonProperties.SoongConfigTraceHash)
-		AssertDeepEquals(t, "size hash path", sizeOutput, filepath.Join("out/soong/.intermediates/size", sizeHash, "test"))
-
-		// Trace should be identical for modules using the same set of variables
-		AssertDeepEquals(t, "board trace", board1.base().commonProperties.SoongConfigTrace, board2.base().commonProperties.SoongConfigTrace)
-		AssertDeepEquals(t, "board hash", board1.base().commonProperties.SoongConfigTraceHash, board2.base().commonProperties.SoongConfigTraceHash)
-
-		// Trace hash should be different for different sets of soong variables
-		AssertBoolEquals(t, "board hash not equal to size hash", board1.base().commonProperties.SoongConfigTraceHash == size.commonProperties.SoongConfigTraceHash, false)
-
-		boardSize := result.ModuleForTests("board_and_size", "").Module().(*soongConfigTestModule)
-		boardSizeDefaults := result.ModuleForTests("board_and_size_with_defaults", "").Module()
-
-		// Trace should propagate
-		AssertDeepEquals(t, "board_size hash calc", boardSize.base().commonProperties.SoongConfigTrace.hash(), boardSize.base().commonProperties.SoongConfigTraceHash)
-		AssertDeepEquals(t, "board_size trace", boardSize.base().commonProperties.SoongConfigTrace, boardSizeDefaults.base().commonProperties.SoongConfigTrace)
-		AssertDeepEquals(t, "board_size hash", boardSize.base().commonProperties.SoongConfigTraceHash, boardSizeDefaults.base().commonProperties.SoongConfigTraceHash)
-	})
-}
diff --git a/android/testing.go b/android/testing.go
index 8dd467d..18fd3b3 100644
--- a/android/testing.go
+++ b/android/testing.go
@@ -1025,9 +1025,12 @@
 // otherwise returns the result of calling Paths.RelativeToTop
 // on the returned Paths.
 func (m TestingModule) OutputFiles(t *testing.T, tag string) Paths {
-	// TODO: add non-empty-string tag case and remove OutputFileProducer part
-	if tag == "" && m.module.base().outputFiles.DefaultOutputFiles != nil {
-		return m.module.base().outputFiles.DefaultOutputFiles.RelativeToTop()
+	// TODO: remove OutputFileProducer part
+	outputFiles := m.Module().base().outputFiles
+	if tag == "" && outputFiles.DefaultOutputFiles != nil {
+		return outputFiles.DefaultOutputFiles.RelativeToTop()
+	} else if taggedOutputFiles, hasTag := outputFiles.TaggedOutputFiles[tag]; hasTag {
+		return taggedOutputFiles
 	}
 
 	producer, ok := m.module.(OutputFileProducer)
diff --git a/android/util.go b/android/util.go
index e21e66b..3c0af2f 100644
--- a/android/util.go
+++ b/android/util.go
@@ -201,6 +201,12 @@
 	return listsDiffer, diff1, diff2
 }
 
+// Returns true if the two lists have common elements.
+func HasIntersection[T comparable](l1, l2 []T) bool {
+	_, a, b := ListSetDifference(l1, l2)
+	return len(a)+len(b) < len(setFromList(l1))+len(setFromList(l2))
+}
+
 // Returns true if the given string s is prefixed with any string in the given prefix list.
 func HasAnyPrefix(s string, prefixList []string) bool {
 	for _, prefix := range prefixList {
diff --git a/android/util_test.go b/android/util_test.go
index 8e73d83..6537d69 100644
--- a/android/util_test.go
+++ b/android/util_test.go
@@ -818,3 +818,52 @@
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+var hasIntersectionTestCases = []struct {
+	name     string
+	l1       []string
+	l2       []string
+	expected bool
+}{
+	{
+		name:     "empty",
+		l1:       []string{"a", "b", "c"},
+		l2:       []string{},
+		expected: false,
+	},
+	{
+		name:     "both empty",
+		l1:       []string{},
+		l2:       []string{},
+		expected: false,
+	},
+	{
+		name:     "identical",
+		l1:       []string{"a", "b", "c"},
+		l2:       []string{"a", "b", "c"},
+		expected: true,
+	},
+	{
+		name:     "duplicates",
+		l1:       []string{"a", "a", "a"},
+		l2:       []string{"a", "b", "c"},
+		expected: true,
+	},
+	{
+		name:     "duplicates with no intersection",
+		l1:       []string{"d", "d", "d", "d"},
+		l2:       []string{"a", "b", "c"},
+		expected: false,
+	},
+}
+
+func TestHasIntersection(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, testCase := range hasIntersectionTestCases {
+		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			hasIntersection := HasIntersection(testCase.l1, testCase.l2)
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(hasIntersection, testCase.expected) {
+				t.Errorf("expected %#v, got %#v", testCase.expected, hasIntersection)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/android/variable.go b/android/variable.go
index a331439..d144f7d 100644
--- a/android/variable.go
+++ b/android/variable.go
@@ -274,8 +274,10 @@
 	AAPTPreferredConfig *string  `json:",omitempty"`
 	AAPTPrebuiltDPI     []string `json:",omitempty"`
 
-	DefaultAppCertificate           *string `json:",omitempty"`
-	MainlineSepolicyDevCertificates *string `json:",omitempty"`
+	DefaultAppCertificate           *string  `json:",omitempty"`
+	ExtraOtaKeys                    []string `json:",omitempty"`
+	ExtraOtaRecoveryKeys            []string `json:",omitempty"`
+	MainlineSepolicyDevCertificates *string  `json:",omitempty"`
 
 	AppsDefaultVersionName *string `json:",omitempty"`
 
diff --git a/androidmk/androidmk/android.go b/androidmk/androidmk/android.go
index 8a8bb2e..570f36c 100644
--- a/androidmk/androidmk/android.go
+++ b/androidmk/androidmk/android.go
@@ -341,9 +341,6 @@
 
 		firstOperand := v.Args[0]
 		secondOperand := v.Args[1]
-		if firstOperand.Type() != bpparser.StringType {
-			return "global", value, nil
-		}
 
 		if _, ok := firstOperand.(*bpparser.Operator); ok {
 			return "global", value, nil
diff --git a/androidmk/androidmk/androidmk.go b/androidmk/androidmk/androidmk.go
index 2e8810f..6fb20dc 100644
--- a/androidmk/androidmk/androidmk.go
+++ b/androidmk/androidmk/androidmk.go
@@ -493,7 +493,6 @@
 				Name:      name,
 				NamePos:   pos,
 				Value:     value,
-				OrigValue: value,
 				EqualsPos: pos,
 				Assigner:  "+=",
 			}
@@ -506,7 +505,6 @@
 				Name:      name,
 				NamePos:   pos,
 				Value:     value,
-				OrigValue: value,
 				EqualsPos: pos,
 				Assigner:  "=",
 			}
diff --git a/androidmk/androidmk/values.go b/androidmk/androidmk/values.go
index 9618142..701c708 100644
--- a/androidmk/androidmk/values.go
+++ b/androidmk/androidmk/values.go
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
 			}
 			tmp := &bpparser.Variable{
 				Name:  name,
-				Value: &bpparser.String{},
+				Type_: bpparser.StringType,
 			}
 
 			if tmp.Name == "TOP" {
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@
 					}
 					listOfListValues = append(listOfListValues, &bpparser.Variable{
 						Name:  name,
-						Value: &bpparser.List{},
+						Type_: bpparser.ListType,
 					})
 					listValue = &bpparser.List{}
 				}
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@
 			}
 			return &bpparser.Variable{
 				Name:  name,
-				Value: &bpparser.Bool{},
+				Type_: bpparser.BoolType,
 			}, nil
 		} else {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("non-const bool expression %s", ms.Dump())
diff --git a/apex/Android.bp b/apex/Android.bp
index abae9e2..17fdfc3 100644
--- a/apex/Android.bp
+++ b/apex/Android.bp
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
         "apex_test.go",
         "bootclasspath_fragment_test.go",
         "classpath_element_test.go",
+        "container_test.go",
         "dexpreopt_bootjars_test.go",
         "platform_bootclasspath_test.go",
         "systemserver_classpath_fragment_test.go",
diff --git a/apex/apex.go b/apex/apex.go
index 9fa48a8..10fe372 100644
--- a/apex/apex.go
+++ b/apex/apex.go
@@ -157,8 +157,7 @@
 	// Default: true.
 	Installable *bool
 
-	// If set true, VNDK libs are considered as stable libs and are not included in this APEX.
-	// Should be only used in non-system apexes (e.g. vendor: true). Default is false.
+	// Deprecated. Do not use. TODO(b/350644693) remove this after removing all usage
 	Use_vndk_as_stable *bool
 
 	// The type of filesystem to use. Either 'ext4', 'f2fs' or 'erofs'. Default 'ext4'.
@@ -950,24 +949,6 @@
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Special casing for APEXes on non-system (e.g., vendor, odm, etc.) partitions. They are
-	// provided with a property named use_vndk_as_stable, which when set to true doesn't collect
-	// VNDK libraries as transitive dependencies. This option is useful for reducing the size of
-	// the non-system APEXes because the VNDK libraries won't be included (and duped) in the
-	// APEX, but shared across APEXes via the VNDK APEX.
-	useVndk := a.SocSpecific() || a.DeviceSpecific() || (a.ProductSpecific() && mctx.Config().EnforceProductPartitionInterface())
-	if proptools.Bool(a.properties.Use_vndk_as_stable) {
-		if !useVndk {
-			mctx.PropertyErrorf("use_vndk_as_stable", "not supported for system/system_ext APEXes")
-		}
-		if a.minSdkVersionValue(mctx) != "" {
-			mctx.PropertyErrorf("use_vndk_as_stable", "not supported when min_sdk_version is set")
-		}
-		if mctx.Failed() {
-			return
-		}
-	}
-
 	continueApexDepsWalk := func(child, parent android.Module) bool {
 		am, ok := child.(android.ApexModule)
 		if !ok || !am.CanHaveApexVariants() {
@@ -985,10 +966,6 @@
 			return false
 		}
 
-		if useVndk && child.Name() == "libbinder" {
-			mctx.ModuleErrorf("Module %s in the vendor APEX %s should not use libbinder. Use libbinder_ndk instead.", parent.Name(), a.Name())
-		}
-
 		// By default, all the transitive dependencies are collected, unless filtered out
 		// above.
 		return true
@@ -1172,6 +1149,7 @@
 		"test_com.android.os.statsd",
 		"test_com.android.permission",
 		"test_com.android.wifi",
+		"test_imgdiag_com.android.art",
 		"test_jitzygote_com.android.art",
 		// go/keep-sorted end
 	}
@@ -1385,7 +1363,7 @@
 var _ cc.Coverage = (*apexBundle)(nil)
 
 // Implements cc.Coverage
-func (a *apexBundle) IsNativeCoverageNeeded(ctx android.IncomingTransitionContext) bool {
+func (a *apexBundle) IsNativeCoverageNeeded(ctx cc.IsNativeCoverageNeededContext) bool {
 	return ctx.DeviceConfig().NativeCoverageEnabled()
 }
 
@@ -2117,20 +2095,10 @@
 			}
 		case testTag:
 			if ccTest, ok := child.(*cc.Module); ok {
-				if ccTest.IsTestPerSrcAllTestsVariation() {
-					// Multiple-output test module (where `test_per_src: true`).
-					//
-					// `ccTest` is the "" ("all tests") variation of a `test_per_src` module.
-					// We do not add this variation to `filesInfo`, as it has no output;
-					// however, we do add the other variations of this module as indirect
-					// dependencies (see below).
-				} else {
-					// Single-output test module (where `test_per_src: false`).
-					af := apexFileForExecutable(ctx, ccTest)
-					af.class = nativeTest
-					vctx.filesInfo = append(vctx.filesInfo, af)
-					addAconfigFiles(vctx, ctx, child)
-				}
+				af := apexFileForExecutable(ctx, ccTest)
+				af.class = nativeTest
+				vctx.filesInfo = append(vctx.filesInfo, af)
+				addAconfigFiles(vctx, ctx, child)
 				return true // track transitive dependencies
 			} else {
 				ctx.PropertyErrorf("tests", "%q is not a cc module", depName)
@@ -2219,19 +2187,6 @@
 			addAconfigFiles(vctx, ctx, child)
 			return true // track transitive dependencies
 		}
-	} else if cc.IsTestPerSrcDepTag(depTag) {
-		if ch, ok := child.(*cc.Module); ok {
-			af := apexFileForExecutable(ctx, ch)
-			// Handle modules created as `test_per_src` variations of a single test module:
-			// use the name of the generated test binary (`fileToCopy`) instead of the name
-			// of the original test module (`depName`, shared by all `test_per_src`
-			// variations of that module).
-			af.androidMkModuleName = filepath.Base(af.builtFile.String())
-			// these are not considered transitive dep
-			af.transitiveDep = false
-			vctx.filesInfo = append(vctx.filesInfo, af)
-			return true // track transitive dependencies
-		}
 	} else if cc.IsHeaderDepTag(depTag) {
 		// nothing
 	} else if java.IsJniDepTag(depTag) {
@@ -2717,9 +2672,6 @@
 		if a.UsePlatformApis() {
 			ctx.PropertyErrorf("updatable", "updatable APEXes can't use platform APIs")
 		}
-		if proptools.Bool(a.properties.Use_vndk_as_stable) {
-			ctx.PropertyErrorf("use_vndk_as_stable", "updatable APEXes can't use external VNDK libs")
-		}
 		if a.FutureUpdatable() {
 			ctx.PropertyErrorf("future_updatable", "Already updatable. Remove `future_updatable: true:`")
 		}
diff --git a/apex/apex_singleton.go b/apex/apex_singleton.go
index e6ebff2..a8d89b1 100644
--- a/apex/apex_singleton.go
+++ b/apex/apex_singleton.go
@@ -46,6 +46,9 @@
 		Command: "cat $out.rsp | xargs cat" +
 			// Only track non-external dependencies, i.e. those that end up in the binary
 			" | grep -v '(external)'" +
+			// Allowlist androidx deps
+			" | grep -v '^androidx\\.'" +
+			" | grep -v '^prebuilt_androidx\\.'" +
 			// Ignore comments in any of the files
 			" | grep -v '^#'" +
 			" | sort -u -f >$out",
diff --git a/apex/apex_test.go b/apex/apex_test.go
index 3bb3966..15c713b 100644
--- a/apex/apex_test.go
+++ b/apex/apex_test.go
@@ -5728,7 +5728,6 @@
 			updatable: false,
 			tests: [
 				"mytest",
-				"mytests",
 			],
 		}
 
@@ -5771,25 +5770,6 @@
 				"testdata/baz"
 			],
 		}
-
-		cc_test {
-			name: "mytests",
-			gtest: false,
-			srcs: [
-				"mytest1.cpp",
-				"mytest2.cpp",
-				"mytest3.cpp",
-			],
-			test_per_src: true,
-			relative_install_path: "test",
-			system_shared_libs: [],
-			static_executable: true,
-			stl: "none",
-			data: [
-				":fg",
-				":fg2",
-			],
-		}
 	`)
 
 	apexRule := ctx.ModuleForTests("myapex", "android_common_myapex").Rule("apexRule")
@@ -5803,11 +5783,6 @@
 	ensureContains(t, copyCmds, "image.apex/bin/test/baz")
 	ensureContains(t, copyCmds, "image.apex/bin/test/bar/baz")
 
-	// Ensure that test deps built with `test_per_src` are copied into apex.
-	ensureContains(t, copyCmds, "image.apex/bin/test/mytest1")
-	ensureContains(t, copyCmds, "image.apex/bin/test/mytest2")
-	ensureContains(t, copyCmds, "image.apex/bin/test/mytest3")
-
 	// Ensure the module is correctly translated.
 	bundle := ctx.ModuleForTests("myapex", "android_common_myapex").Module().(*apexBundle)
 	data := android.AndroidMkDataForTest(t, ctx, bundle)
@@ -5817,9 +5792,6 @@
 	data.Custom(&builder, name, prefix, "", data)
 	androidMk := builder.String()
 	ensureContains(t, androidMk, "LOCAL_MODULE := mytest.myapex\n")
-	ensureContains(t, androidMk, "LOCAL_MODULE := mytest1.myapex\n")
-	ensureContains(t, androidMk, "LOCAL_MODULE := mytest2.myapex\n")
-	ensureContains(t, androidMk, "LOCAL_MODULE := mytest3.myapex\n")
 	ensureContains(t, androidMk, "LOCAL_MODULE := myapex\n")
 }
 
@@ -8278,60 +8250,6 @@
 	`)
 }
 
-func Test_use_vndk_as_stable_shouldnt_be_used_for_updatable_vendor_apexes(t *testing.T) {
-	testApexError(t, `"myapex" .*: use_vndk_as_stable: updatable APEXes can't use external VNDK libs`, `
-		apex {
-			name: "myapex",
-			key: "myapex.key",
-			updatable: true,
-			use_vndk_as_stable: true,
-			soc_specific: true,
-		}
-
-		apex_key {
-			name: "myapex.key",
-			public_key: "testkey.avbpubkey",
-			private_key: "testkey.pem",
-		}
-	`)
-}
-
-func Test_use_vndk_as_stable_shouldnt_be_used_with_min_sdk_version(t *testing.T) {
-	testApexError(t, `"myapex" .*: use_vndk_as_stable: not supported when min_sdk_version is set`, `
-		apex {
-			name: "myapex",
-			key: "myapex.key",
-			updatable: false,
-			min_sdk_version: "29",
-			use_vndk_as_stable: true,
-			vendor: true,
-		}
-
-		apex_key {
-			name: "myapex.key",
-			public_key: "testkey.avbpubkey",
-			private_key: "testkey.pem",
-		}
-	`)
-}
-
-func Test_use_vndk_as_stable_shouldnt_be_used_for_non_vendor_apexes(t *testing.T) {
-	testApexError(t, `"myapex" .*: use_vndk_as_stable: not supported for system/system_ext APEXes`, `
-		apex {
-			name: "myapex",
-			key: "myapex.key",
-			updatable: false,
-			use_vndk_as_stable: true,
-		}
-
-		apex_key {
-			name: "myapex.key",
-			public_key: "testkey.avbpubkey",
-			private_key: "testkey.pem",
-		}
-	`)
-}
-
 func TestUpdatable_should_not_set_generate_classpaths_proto(t *testing.T) {
 	testApexError(t, `"mysystemserverclasspathfragment" .* it must not set generate_classpaths_proto to false`, `
 		apex {
diff --git a/apex/container_test.go b/apex/container_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3931174
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apex/container_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+// Copyright 2024 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package apex
+
+import (
+	"android/soong/android"
+	"android/soong/java"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+var checkContainerMatch = func(t *testing.T, name string, container string, expected bool, actual bool) {
+	errorMessage := fmt.Sprintf("module %s container %s value differ", name, container)
+	android.AssertBoolEquals(t, errorMessage, expected, actual)
+}
+
+func TestApexDepsContainers(t *testing.T) {
+	result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		prepareForApexTest,
+		java.PrepareForTestWithJavaSdkLibraryFiles,
+		java.FixtureWithLastReleaseApis("mybootclasspathlib"),
+	).RunTestWithBp(t, `
+		apex {
+			name: "myapex",
+			key: "myapex.key",
+			bootclasspath_fragments: [
+				"mybootclasspathfragment",
+			],
+			updatable: true,
+			min_sdk_version: "30",
+		}
+		apex_key {
+			name: "myapex.key",
+			public_key: "testkey.avbpubkey",
+			private_key: "testkey.pem",
+		}
+		bootclasspath_fragment {
+			name: "mybootclasspathfragment",
+			contents: [
+				"mybootclasspathlib",
+			],
+			apex_available: [
+				"myapex",
+			],
+			hidden_api: {
+				split_packages: ["*"],
+			},
+		}
+		java_sdk_library {
+			name: "mybootclasspathlib",
+			srcs: [
+				"mybootclasspathlib.java",
+			],
+			apex_available: [
+				"myapex",
+			],
+			compile_dex: true,
+			static_libs: [
+				"foo",
+				"baz",
+			],
+			libs: [
+				"bar",
+			],
+			min_sdk_version: "30",
+		}
+		java_library {
+			name: "foo",
+			srcs:[
+				"A.java",
+			],
+			apex_available: [
+				"myapex",
+			],
+			min_sdk_version: "30",
+		}
+		java_library {
+			name: "bar",
+			srcs:[
+				"A.java",
+			],
+			min_sdk_version: "30",
+		}
+		java_library {
+			name: "baz",
+			srcs:[
+				"A.java",
+			],
+			apex_available: [
+				"//apex_available:platform",
+				"myapex",
+			],
+			min_sdk_version: "30",
+		}
+	`)
+	testcases := []struct {
+		moduleName        string
+		variant           string
+		isSystemContainer bool
+		isApexContainer   bool
+	}{
+		{
+			moduleName:        "mybootclasspathlib",
+			variant:           "android_common_myapex",
+			isSystemContainer: true,
+			isApexContainer:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			moduleName:        "mybootclasspathlib.impl",
+			variant:           "android_common_apex30",
+			isSystemContainer: true,
+			isApexContainer:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			moduleName:        "mybootclasspathlib.stubs",
+			variant:           "android_common",
+			isSystemContainer: true,
+			isApexContainer:   false,
+		},
+		{
+			moduleName:        "foo",
+			variant:           "android_common_apex30",
+			isSystemContainer: true,
+			isApexContainer:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			moduleName:        "bar",
+			variant:           "android_common",
+			isSystemContainer: true,
+			isApexContainer:   false,
+		},
+		{
+			moduleName:        "baz",
+			variant:           "android_common_apex30",
+			isSystemContainer: true,
+			isApexContainer:   true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, c := range testcases {
+		m := result.ModuleForTests(c.moduleName, c.variant)
+		containers, _ := android.OtherModuleProvider(result.TestContext.OtherModuleProviderAdaptor(), m.Module(), android.ContainersInfoProvider)
+		belongingContainers := containers.BelongingContainers()
+		checkContainerMatch(t, c.moduleName, "system", c.isSystemContainer, android.InList(android.SystemContainer, belongingContainers))
+		checkContainerMatch(t, c.moduleName, "apex", c.isApexContainer, android.InList(android.ApexContainer, belongingContainers))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNonUpdatableApexDepsContainers(t *testing.T) {
+	result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		prepareForApexTest,
+		java.PrepareForTestWithJavaSdkLibraryFiles,
+		java.FixtureWithLastReleaseApis("mybootclasspathlib"),
+	).RunTestWithBp(t, `
+		apex {
+			name: "myapex",
+			key: "myapex.key",
+			bootclasspath_fragments: [
+				"mybootclasspathfragment",
+			],
+			updatable: false,
+		}
+		apex_key {
+			name: "myapex.key",
+			public_key: "testkey.avbpubkey",
+			private_key: "testkey.pem",
+		}
+		bootclasspath_fragment {
+			name: "mybootclasspathfragment",
+			contents: [
+				"mybootclasspathlib",
+			],
+			apex_available: [
+				"myapex",
+			],
+			hidden_api: {
+				split_packages: ["*"],
+			},
+		}
+		java_sdk_library {
+			name: "mybootclasspathlib",
+			srcs: [
+				"mybootclasspathlib.java",
+			],
+			apex_available: [
+				"myapex",
+			],
+			compile_dex: true,
+			static_libs: [
+				"foo",
+			],
+			libs: [
+				"bar",
+			],
+		}
+		java_library {
+			name: "foo",
+			srcs:[
+				"A.java",
+			],
+			apex_available: [
+				"myapex",
+			],
+		}
+		java_library {
+			name: "bar",
+			srcs:[
+				"A.java",
+			],
+		}
+	`)
+	testcases := []struct {
+		moduleName        string
+		variant           string
+		isSystemContainer bool
+		isApexContainer   bool
+	}{
+		{
+			moduleName:        "mybootclasspathlib",
+			variant:           "android_common_myapex",
+			isSystemContainer: true,
+			isApexContainer:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			moduleName:        "mybootclasspathlib.impl",
+			variant:           "android_common_apex10000",
+			isSystemContainer: true,
+			isApexContainer:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			moduleName:        "mybootclasspathlib.stubs",
+			variant:           "android_common",
+			isSystemContainer: true,
+			isApexContainer:   false,
+		},
+		{
+			moduleName:        "foo",
+			variant:           "android_common_apex10000",
+			isSystemContainer: true,
+			isApexContainer:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			moduleName:        "bar",
+			variant:           "android_common",
+			isSystemContainer: true,
+			isApexContainer:   false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, c := range testcases {
+		m := result.ModuleForTests(c.moduleName, c.variant)
+		containers, _ := android.OtherModuleProvider(result.TestContext.OtherModuleProviderAdaptor(), m.Module(), android.ContainersInfoProvider)
+		belongingContainers := containers.BelongingContainers()
+		checkContainerMatch(t, c.moduleName, "system", c.isSystemContainer, android.InList(android.SystemContainer, belongingContainers))
+		checkContainerMatch(t, c.moduleName, "apex", c.isApexContainer, android.InList(android.ApexContainer, belongingContainers))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdatableAndNonUpdatableApexesIdenticalMinSdkVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		prepareForApexTest,
+		java.PrepareForTestWithJavaSdkLibraryFiles,
+		android.FixtureMergeMockFs(android.MockFS{
+			"system/sepolicy/apex/myapex_non_updatable-file_contexts": nil,
+			"system/sepolicy/apex/myapex_updatable-file_contexts":     nil,
+		}),
+	).RunTestWithBp(t, `
+		apex {
+			name: "myapex_non_updatable",
+			key: "myapex_non_updatable.key",
+			java_libs: [
+				"foo",
+			],
+			updatable: false,
+			min_sdk_version: "30",
+		}
+		apex_key {
+			name: "myapex_non_updatable.key",
+			public_key: "testkey.avbpubkey",
+			private_key: "testkey.pem",
+		}
+
+		apex {
+			name: "myapex_updatable",
+			key: "myapex_updatable.key",
+			java_libs: [
+				"foo",
+			],
+			updatable: true,
+			min_sdk_version: "30",
+		}
+		apex_key {
+			name: "myapex_updatable.key",
+			public_key: "testkey.avbpubkey",
+			private_key: "testkey.pem",
+		}
+
+		java_library {
+			name: "foo",
+			srcs:[
+				"A.java",
+			],
+			apex_available: [
+				"myapex_non_updatable",
+				"myapex_updatable",
+			],
+			min_sdk_version: "30",
+			sdk_version: "current",
+		}
+	`)
+
+	fooApexVariant := result.ModuleForTests("foo", "android_common_apex30")
+	containers, _ := android.OtherModuleProvider(result.TestContext.OtherModuleProviderAdaptor(), fooApexVariant.Module(), android.ContainersInfoProvider)
+	belongingContainers := containers.BelongingContainers()
+	checkContainerMatch(t, "foo", "system", true, android.InList(android.SystemContainer, belongingContainers))
+	checkContainerMatch(t, "foo", "apex", true, android.InList(android.ApexContainer, belongingContainers))
+}
diff --git a/bin/afind b/bin/afind
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..080f06a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/afind
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+dir=${1:-.}
+
+shift
+
+args=( $@ )
+if [[ ${#args[@]} -eq 0 ]] ; then
+    args=( -print )
+fi
+
+find "$dir" -name .repo -prune -o -name .git -prune -o -name out -prune -o ${args[@]}
+
+exit $?
diff --git a/bin/aninja b/bin/aninja
index cceb794..5acb968 100755
--- a/bin/aninja
+++ b/bin/aninja
@@ -20,6 +20,19 @@
 require_top
 require_lunch
 
+case $(uname -s) in
+    Darwin)
+        host_arch=darwin-x86
+        ;;
+    Linux)
+        host_arch=linux-x86
+        ;;
+    *)
+        >&2 echo Unknown host $(uname -s)
+        exit 1
+        ;;
+esac
+
 cd $(gettop)
-prebuilts/build-tools/linux-x86/bin/ninja -f out/combined-${TARGET_PRODUCT}.ninja "$@"
+prebuilts/build-tools/${host_arch}/bin/ninja -f out/combined-${TARGET_PRODUCT}.ninja "$@"
 
diff --git a/bpfix/bpfix/bpfix.go b/bpfix/bpfix/bpfix.go
index ddaa98a..9163ab7 100644
--- a/bpfix/bpfix/bpfix.go
+++ b/bpfix/bpfix/bpfix.go
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@
 }
 
 func parse(name string, r io.Reader) (*parser.File, error) {
-	tree, errs := parser.Parse(name, r, parser.NewScope(nil))
+	tree, errs := parser.Parse(name, r)
 	if errs != nil {
 		s := "parse error: "
 		for _, err := range errs {
diff --git a/bpfix/bpfix/bpfix_test.go b/bpfix/bpfix/bpfix_test.go
index b5b49b1..f487d3c 100644
--- a/bpfix/bpfix/bpfix_test.go
+++ b/bpfix/bpfix/bpfix_test.go
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 	}
 	`,
 		printListOfStrings(local_include_dirs), printListOfStrings(export_include_dirs))
-	tree, errs := parser.Parse("", strings.NewReader(input), parser.NewScope(nil))
+	tree, errs := parser.Parse("", strings.NewReader(input))
 	if len(errs) > 0 {
 		errs = append([]error{fmt.Errorf("failed to parse:\n%s", input)}, errs...)
 	}
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@
 		return fixer, err
 	}
 
-	tree, errs := parser.Parse("<testcase>", bytes.NewBufferString(in), parser.NewScope(nil))
+	tree, errs := parser.Parse("<testcase>", bytes.NewBufferString(in))
 	if errs != nil {
 		return fixer, err
 	}
diff --git a/bpfix/cmd_lib/bpfix.go b/bpfix/cmd_lib/bpfix.go
index 1106d4a..41430f8 100644
--- a/bpfix/cmd_lib/bpfix.go
+++ b/bpfix/cmd_lib/bpfix.go
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
 		return err
 	}
 	r := bytes.NewBuffer(append([]byte(nil), src...))
-	file, errs := parser.Parse(filename, r, parser.NewScope(nil))
+	file, errs := parser.Parse(filename, r)
 	if len(errs) > 0 {
 		for _, err := range errs {
 			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
diff --git a/cc/afdo.go b/cc/afdo.go
index 00b2245..6921edf 100644
--- a/cc/afdo.go
+++ b/cc/afdo.go
@@ -176,6 +176,9 @@
 
 func (a *afdoTransitionMutator) Mutate(ctx android.BottomUpMutatorContext, variation string) {
 	if m, ok := ctx.Module().(*Module); ok && m.afdo != nil {
+		if !m.Enabled(ctx) {
+			return
+		}
 		if variation == "" {
 			// The empty variation is either a module that has enabled AFDO for itself, or the non-AFDO
 			// variant of a dependency.
diff --git a/cc/androidmk.go b/cc/androidmk.go
index 143e86f..4134653 100644
--- a/cc/androidmk.go
+++ b/cc/androidmk.go
@@ -351,9 +351,6 @@
 	ctx.subAndroidMk(entries, test.testDecorator)
 
 	entries.Class = "NATIVE_TESTS"
-	if Bool(test.Properties.Test_per_src) {
-		entries.SubName = "_" + String(test.binaryDecorator.Properties.Stem)
-	}
 	entries.ExtraEntries = append(entries.ExtraEntries, func(ctx android.AndroidMkExtraEntriesContext, entries *android.AndroidMkEntries) {
 		if test.testConfig != nil {
 			entries.SetString("LOCAL_FULL_TEST_CONFIG", test.testConfig.String())
diff --git a/cc/binary.go b/cc/binary.go
index 3ff35de..2ac9a45 100644
--- a/cc/binary.go
+++ b/cc/binary.go
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@
 }
 
 func (binary *binaryDecorator) strippedAllOutputFilePath() android.Path {
-	panic("Not implemented.")
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (binary *binaryDecorator) setSymlinkList(ctx ModuleContext) {
diff --git a/cc/builder.go b/cc/builder.go
index 8719d4f..367bda3 100644
--- a/cc/builder.go
+++ b/cc/builder.go
@@ -798,9 +798,12 @@
 // Generate a Rust staticlib from a list of rlibDeps. Returns nil if TransformRlibstoStaticlib is nil or rlibDeps is empty.
 func generateRustStaticlib(ctx android.ModuleContext, rlibDeps []RustRlibDep) android.Path {
 	if TransformRlibstoStaticlib == nil && len(rlibDeps) > 0 {
-		// This should only be reachable if a module defines static_rlibs and
+		// This should only be reachable if a module defines Rust deps in static_libs and
 		// soong-rust hasn't been loaded alongside soong-cc (e.g. in soong-cc tests).
-		panic(fmt.Errorf("TransformRlibstoStaticlib is not set and static_rlibs is defined in %s", ctx.ModuleName()))
+		panic(fmt.Errorf(
+			"TransformRlibstoStaticlib is not set and rust deps are defined in static_libs for %s",
+			ctx.ModuleName()))
+
 	} else if len(rlibDeps) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -829,6 +832,7 @@
 func genRustStaticlibSrcFile(crateNames []string) string {
 	lines := []string{
 		"// @Soong generated Source",
+		"#![no_std]", // pre-emptively set no_std to support both std and no_std.
 	}
 	for _, crate := range crateNames {
 		lines = append(lines, fmt.Sprintf("extern crate %s;", crate))
diff --git a/cc/cc.go b/cc/cc.go
index d8fe319..740be3a 100644
--- a/cc/cc.go
+++ b/cc/cc.go
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@
 		ctx.BottomUp("sdk", sdkMutator).Parallel()
 		ctx.BottomUp("llndk", llndkMutator).Parallel()
 		ctx.BottomUp("link", LinkageMutator).Parallel()
-		ctx.BottomUp("test_per_src", TestPerSrcMutator).Parallel()
 		ctx.BottomUp("version", versionMutator).Parallel()
 		ctx.BottomUp("begin", BeginMutator).Parallel()
 	})
@@ -99,7 +98,6 @@
 	StaticLibs, LateStaticLibs, WholeStaticLibs []string
 	HeaderLibs                                  []string
 	RuntimeLibs                                 []string
-	Rlibs                                       []string
 
 	// UnexportedStaticLibs are static libraries that are also passed to -Wl,--exclude-libs= to
 	// prevent automatically exporting symbols.
@@ -746,11 +744,6 @@
 	return d.Kind == staticLibraryDependency
 }
 
-// rlib returns true if the libraryDependencyTag is tagging an rlib dependency.
-func (d libraryDependencyTag) rlib() bool {
-	return d.Kind == rlibLibraryDependency
-}
-
 func (d libraryDependencyTag) LicenseAnnotations() []android.LicenseAnnotation {
 	if d.shared() {
 		return []android.LicenseAnnotation{android.LicenseAnnotationSharedDependency}
@@ -805,7 +798,6 @@
 	dataLibDepTag         = dependencyTag{name: "data lib"}
 	dataBinDepTag         = dependencyTag{name: "data bin"}
 	runtimeDepTag         = installDependencyTag{name: "runtime lib"}
-	testPerSrcDepTag      = dependencyTag{name: "test_per_src"}
 	stubImplDepTag        = dependencyTag{name: "stub_impl"}
 	JniFuzzLibTag         = dependencyTag{name: "jni_fuzz_lib_tag"}
 	FdoProfileTag         = dependencyTag{name: "fdo_profile"}
@@ -832,11 +824,6 @@
 	return depTag == runtimeDepTag
 }
 
-func IsTestPerSrcDepTag(depTag blueprint.DependencyTag) bool {
-	ccDepTag, ok := depTag.(dependencyTag)
-	return ok && ccDepTag == testPerSrcDepTag
-}
-
 // Module contains the properties and members used by all C/C++ module types, and implements
 // the blueprint.Module interface.  It delegates to compiler, linker, and installer interfaces
 // to construct the output file.  Behavior can be customized with a Customizer, or "decorator",
@@ -917,6 +904,8 @@
 	hideApexVariantFromMake bool
 
 	logtagsPaths android.Paths
+
+	WholeRustStaticlib bool
 }
 
 func (c *Module) AddJSONData(d *map[string]interface{}) {
@@ -1192,6 +1181,16 @@
 	panic(fmt.Errorf("BuildSharedVariant called on non-library module: %q", c.BaseModuleName()))
 }
 
+func (c *Module) BuildRlibVariant() bool {
+	// cc modules can never build rlib variants
+	return false
+}
+
+func (c *Module) IsRustFFI() bool {
+	// cc modules are not Rust modules
+	return false
+}
+
 func (c *Module) Module() android.Module {
 	return c
 }
@@ -1380,17 +1379,11 @@
 }
 
 func (c *Module) isCfi() bool {
-	if sanitize := c.sanitize; sanitize != nil {
-		return Bool(sanitize.Properties.SanitizeMutated.Cfi)
-	}
-	return false
+	return c.sanitize.isSanitizerEnabled(cfi)
 }
 
 func (c *Module) isFuzzer() bool {
-	if sanitize := c.sanitize; sanitize != nil {
-		return Bool(sanitize.Properties.SanitizeMutated.Fuzzer)
-	}
-	return false
+	return c.sanitize.isSanitizerEnabled(Fuzzer)
 }
 
 func (c *Module) isNDKStubLibrary() bool {
@@ -1780,11 +1773,6 @@
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (c *Module) IsTestPerSrcAllTestsVariation() bool {
-	test, ok := c.linker.(testPerSrc)
-	return ok && test.isAllTestsVariation()
-}
-
 func (c *Module) DataPaths() []android.DataPath {
 	if p, ok := c.installer.(interface {
 		dataPaths() []android.DataPath
@@ -1937,16 +1925,6 @@
 		TopLevelTarget: c.testModule,
 	})
 
-	// Handle the case of a test module split by `test_per_src` mutator.
-	//
-	// The `test_per_src` mutator adds an extra variation named "", depending on all the other
-	// `test_per_src` variations of the test module. Set `outputFile` to an empty path for this
-	// module and return early, as this module does not produce an output file per se.
-	if c.IsTestPerSrcAllTestsVariation() {
-		c.outputFile = android.OptionalPath{}
-		return
-	}
-
 	c.Properties.SubName = GetSubnameProperty(actx, c)
 	apexInfo, _ := android.ModuleProvider(actx, android.ApexInfoProvider)
 	if !apexInfo.IsForPlatform() {
@@ -2119,10 +2097,23 @@
 		if c.Properties.IsSdkVariant && c.Properties.SdkAndPlatformVariantVisibleToMake {
 			moduleInfoJSON.Uninstallable = true
 		}
-
 	}
 
 	buildComplianceMetadataInfo(ctx, c, deps)
+
+	c.setOutputFiles(ctx)
+}
+
+func (c *Module) setOutputFiles(ctx ModuleContext) {
+	if c.outputFile.Valid() {
+		ctx.SetOutputFiles(android.Paths{c.outputFile.Path()}, "")
+	} else {
+		ctx.SetOutputFiles(android.Paths{}, "")
+	}
+	if c.linker != nil {
+		ctx.SetOutputFiles(android.PathsIfNonNil(c.linker.unstrippedOutputFilePath()), "unstripped")
+		ctx.SetOutputFiles(android.PathsIfNonNil(c.linker.strippedAllOutputFilePath()), "stripped_all")
+	}
 }
 
 func buildComplianceMetadataInfo(ctx ModuleContext, c *Module, deps PathDeps) {
@@ -2267,7 +2258,6 @@
 
 	deps.WholeStaticLibs = android.LastUniqueStrings(deps.WholeStaticLibs)
 	deps.StaticLibs = android.LastUniqueStrings(deps.StaticLibs)
-	deps.Rlibs = android.LastUniqueStrings(deps.Rlibs)
 	deps.LateStaticLibs = android.LastUniqueStrings(deps.LateStaticLibs)
 	deps.SharedLibs = android.LastUniqueStrings(deps.SharedLibs)
 	deps.LateSharedLibs = android.LastUniqueStrings(deps.LateSharedLibs)
@@ -2562,28 +2552,20 @@
 	}
 
 	for _, lib := range deps.StaticLibs {
+		// Some dependencies listed in static_libs might actually be rust_ffi rlib variants.
 		depTag := libraryDependencyTag{Kind: staticLibraryDependency}
+
 		if inList(lib, deps.ReexportStaticLibHeaders) {
 			depTag.reexportFlags = true
 		}
 		if inList(lib, deps.ExcludeLibsForApex) {
 			depTag.excludeInApex = true
 		}
-
 		actx.AddVariationDependencies([]blueprint.Variation{
 			{Mutator: "link", Variation: "static"},
 		}, depTag, lib)
 	}
 
-	for _, lib := range deps.Rlibs {
-		depTag := libraryDependencyTag{Kind: rlibLibraryDependency}
-		actx.AddVariationDependencies([]blueprint.Variation{
-			{Mutator: "link", Variation: ""},
-			{Mutator: "rust_libraries", Variation: "rlib"},
-			{Mutator: "rust_stdlinkage", Variation: "rlib-std"},
-		}, depTag, lib)
-	}
-
 	// staticUnwinderDep is treated as staticDep for Q apexes
 	// so that native libraries/binaries are linked with static unwinder
 	// because Q libc doesn't have unwinder APIs
@@ -3171,78 +3153,86 @@
 					panic(fmt.Errorf("unexpected library dependency order %d", libDepTag.Order))
 				}
 
-			case libDepTag.rlib():
-				rlibDep := RustRlibDep{LibPath: linkFile.Path(), CrateName: ccDep.CrateName(), LinkDirs: ccDep.ExportedCrateLinkDirs()}
-				depPaths.ReexportedRustRlibDeps = append(depPaths.ReexportedRustRlibDeps, rlibDep)
-				depPaths.RustRlibDeps = append(depPaths.RustRlibDeps, rlibDep)
-				depPaths.IncludeDirs = append(depPaths.IncludeDirs, depExporterInfo.IncludeDirs...)
-				depPaths.ReexportedDirs = append(depPaths.ReexportedDirs, depExporterInfo.IncludeDirs...)
-
 			case libDepTag.static():
-				staticLibraryInfo, isStaticLib := android.OtherModuleProvider(ctx, dep, StaticLibraryInfoProvider)
-				if !isStaticLib {
-					if !ctx.Config().AllowMissingDependencies() {
-						ctx.ModuleErrorf("module %q is not a static library", depName)
-					} else {
-						ctx.AddMissingDependencies([]string{depName})
-					}
-					return
-				}
+				if ccDep.RustLibraryInterface() {
+					rlibDep := RustRlibDep{LibPath: linkFile.Path(), CrateName: ccDep.CrateName(), LinkDirs: ccDep.ExportedCrateLinkDirs()}
+					depPaths.RustRlibDeps = append(depPaths.RustRlibDeps, rlibDep)
+					depPaths.IncludeDirs = append(depPaths.IncludeDirs, depExporterInfo.IncludeDirs...)
+					if libDepTag.wholeStatic {
+						depPaths.ReexportedDirs = append(depPaths.ReexportedDirs, depExporterInfo.IncludeDirs...)
+						depPaths.ReexportedRustRlibDeps = append(depPaths.ReexportedRustRlibDeps, rlibDep)
 
-				// Stubs lib doesn't link to the static lib dependencies. Don't set
-				// linkFile, depFile, and ptr.
-				if c.IsStubs() {
-					break
-				}
-
-				linkFile = android.OptionalPathForPath(staticLibraryInfo.StaticLibrary)
-				if libDepTag.wholeStatic {
-					ptr = &depPaths.WholeStaticLibs
-					if len(staticLibraryInfo.Objects.objFiles) > 0 {
-						depPaths.WholeStaticLibObjs = depPaths.WholeStaticLibObjs.Append(staticLibraryInfo.Objects)
-					} else {
-						// This case normally catches prebuilt static
-						// libraries, but it can also occur when
-						// AllowMissingDependencies is on and the
-						// dependencies has no sources of its own
-						// but has a whole_static_libs dependency
-						// on a missing library.  We want to depend
-						// on the .a file so that there is something
-						// in the dependency tree that contains the
-						// error rule for the missing transitive
-						// dependency.
-						depPaths.WholeStaticLibsFromPrebuilts = append(depPaths.WholeStaticLibsFromPrebuilts, linkFile.Path())
+						// If whole_static, track this as we want to make sure that in a final linkage for a shared library,
+						// exported functions from the rust generated staticlib still exported.
+						if c.CcLibrary() && c.Shared() {
+							c.WholeRustStaticlib = true
+						}
 					}
-					depPaths.WholeStaticLibsFromPrebuilts = append(depPaths.WholeStaticLibsFromPrebuilts,
-						staticLibraryInfo.WholeStaticLibsFromPrebuilts...)
+
 				} else {
-					switch libDepTag.Order {
-					case earlyLibraryDependency:
-						panic(fmt.Errorf("early static libs not suppported"))
-					case normalLibraryDependency:
-						// static dependencies will be handled separately so they can be ordered
-						// using transitive dependencies.
-						ptr = nil
-						directStaticDeps = append(directStaticDeps, staticLibraryInfo)
-					case lateLibraryDependency:
-						ptr = &depPaths.LateStaticLibs
-					default:
-						panic(fmt.Errorf("unexpected library dependency order %d", libDepTag.Order))
+					staticLibraryInfo, isStaticLib := android.OtherModuleProvider(ctx, dep, StaticLibraryInfoProvider)
+					if !isStaticLib {
+						if !ctx.Config().AllowMissingDependencies() {
+							ctx.ModuleErrorf("module %q is not a static library", depName)
+						} else {
+							ctx.AddMissingDependencies([]string{depName})
+						}
+						return
 					}
-				}
 
-				// We re-export the Rust static_rlibs so rlib dependencies don't need to be redeclared by cc_library_static dependents.
-				// E.g. libfoo (cc_library_static) depends on libfoo.ffi (a rust_ffi rlib), libbar depending on libfoo shouldn't have to also add libfoo.ffi to static_rlibs.
-				depPaths.ReexportedRustRlibDeps = append(depPaths.ReexportedRustRlibDeps, depExporterInfo.RustRlibDeps...)
-				depPaths.RustRlibDeps = append(depPaths.RustRlibDeps, depExporterInfo.RustRlibDeps...)
+					// Stubs lib doesn't link to the static lib dependencies. Don't set
+					// linkFile, depFile, and ptr.
+					if c.IsStubs() {
+						break
+					}
 
-				if libDepTag.unexportedSymbols {
-					depPaths.LdFlags = append(depPaths.LdFlags,
-						"-Wl,--exclude-libs="+staticLibraryInfo.StaticLibrary.Base())
+					linkFile = android.OptionalPathForPath(staticLibraryInfo.StaticLibrary)
+					if libDepTag.wholeStatic {
+						ptr = &depPaths.WholeStaticLibs
+						if len(staticLibraryInfo.Objects.objFiles) > 0 {
+							depPaths.WholeStaticLibObjs = depPaths.WholeStaticLibObjs.Append(staticLibraryInfo.Objects)
+						} else {
+							// This case normally catches prebuilt static
+							// libraries, but it can also occur when
+							// AllowMissingDependencies is on and the
+							// dependencies has no sources of its own
+							// but has a whole_static_libs dependency
+							// on a missing library.  We want to depend
+							// on the .a file so that there is something
+							// in the dependency tree that contains the
+							// error rule for the missing transitive
+							// dependency.
+							depPaths.WholeStaticLibsFromPrebuilts = append(depPaths.WholeStaticLibsFromPrebuilts, linkFile.Path())
+						}
+						depPaths.WholeStaticLibsFromPrebuilts = append(depPaths.WholeStaticLibsFromPrebuilts,
+							staticLibraryInfo.WholeStaticLibsFromPrebuilts...)
+					} else {
+						switch libDepTag.Order {
+						case earlyLibraryDependency:
+							panic(fmt.Errorf("early static libs not supported"))
+						case normalLibraryDependency:
+							// static dependencies will be handled separately so they can be ordered
+							// using transitive dependencies.
+							ptr = nil
+							directStaticDeps = append(directStaticDeps, staticLibraryInfo)
+						case lateLibraryDependency:
+							ptr = &depPaths.LateStaticLibs
+						default:
+							panic(fmt.Errorf("unexpected library dependency order %d", libDepTag.Order))
+						}
+					}
+
+					// Collect any exported Rust rlib deps from static libraries which have been included as whole_static_libs
+					depPaths.RustRlibDeps = append(depPaths.RustRlibDeps, depExporterInfo.RustRlibDeps...)
+
+					if libDepTag.unexportedSymbols {
+						depPaths.LdFlags = append(depPaths.LdFlags,
+							"-Wl,--exclude-libs="+staticLibraryInfo.StaticLibrary.Base())
+					}
 				}
 			}
 
-			if libDepTag.static() && !libDepTag.wholeStatic {
+			if libDepTag.static() && !libDepTag.wholeStatic && !ccDep.RustLibraryInterface() {
 				if !ccDep.CcLibraryInterface() || !ccDep.Static() {
 					ctx.ModuleErrorf("module %q not a static library", depName)
 					return
@@ -3329,12 +3319,14 @@
 				c.Properties.AndroidMkSharedLibs = append(
 					c.Properties.AndroidMkSharedLibs, makeLibName)
 			case libDepTag.static():
-				if libDepTag.wholeStatic {
-					c.Properties.AndroidMkWholeStaticLibs = append(
-						c.Properties.AndroidMkWholeStaticLibs, makeLibName)
-				} else {
-					c.Properties.AndroidMkStaticLibs = append(
-						c.Properties.AndroidMkStaticLibs, makeLibName)
+				if !ccDep.RustLibraryInterface() {
+					if libDepTag.wholeStatic {
+						c.Properties.AndroidMkWholeStaticLibs = append(
+							c.Properties.AndroidMkWholeStaticLibs, makeLibName)
+					} else {
+						c.Properties.AndroidMkStaticLibs = append(
+							c.Properties.AndroidMkStaticLibs, makeLibName)
+					}
 				}
 			}
 		} else if !c.IsStubs() {
@@ -3615,28 +3607,6 @@
 	return c.outputFile
 }
 
-func (c *Module) OutputFiles(tag string) (android.Paths, error) {
-	switch tag {
-	case "":
-		if c.outputFile.Valid() {
-			return android.Paths{c.outputFile.Path()}, nil
-		}
-		return android.Paths{}, nil
-	case "unstripped":
-		if c.linker != nil {
-			return android.PathsIfNonNil(c.linker.unstrippedOutputFilePath()), nil
-		}
-		return nil, nil
-	case "stripped_all":
-		if c.linker != nil {
-			return android.PathsIfNonNil(c.linker.strippedAllOutputFilePath()), nil
-		}
-		return nil, nil
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported module reference tag %q", tag)
-	}
-}
-
 func (c *Module) static() bool {
 	if static, ok := c.linker.(interface {
 		static() bool
@@ -3760,14 +3730,12 @@
 }
 
 // Overrides ApexModule.IsInstallabeToApex()
-// Only shared/runtime libraries and "test_per_src" tests are installable to APEX.
+// Only shared/runtime libraries .
 func (c *Module) IsInstallableToApex() bool {
 	if lib := c.library; lib != nil {
 		// Stub libs and prebuilt libs in a versioned SDK are not
 		// installable to APEX even though they are shared libs.
 		return lib.shared() && !lib.buildStubs()
-	} else if _, ok := c.linker.(testPerSrc); ok {
-		return true
 	}
 	return false
 }
diff --git a/cc/cc_test.go b/cc/cc_test.go
index 776d133..ccdaae5 100644
--- a/cc/cc_test.go
+++ b/cc/cc_test.go
@@ -300,13 +300,9 @@
 	config := TestConfig(t.TempDir(), android.Android, nil, bp, nil)
 
 	ctx := testCcWithConfig(t, config)
-	module := ctx.ModuleForTests("main_test", "android_arm_armv7-a-neon").Module()
-	testBinary := module.(*Module).linker.(*testBinary)
-	outputFiles, err := module.(android.OutputFileProducer).OutputFiles("")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Expected cc_test to produce output files, error: %s", err)
-		return
-	}
+	testingModule := ctx.ModuleForTests("main_test", "android_arm_armv7-a-neon")
+	testBinary := testingModule.Module().(*Module).linker.(*testBinary)
+	outputFiles := testingModule.OutputFiles(t, "")
 	if len(outputFiles) != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("expected exactly one output file. output files: [%s]", outputFiles)
 		return
@@ -356,12 +352,10 @@
 	config := TestConfig(t.TempDir(), android.Android, nil, bp, nil)
 
 	ctx := testCcWithConfig(t, config)
-	module := ctx.ModuleForTests("main_test", "android_arm_armv7-a-neon").Module()
+	testingModule := ctx.ModuleForTests("main_test", "android_arm_armv7-a-neon")
+	module := testingModule.Module()
 	testBinary := module.(*Module).linker.(*testBinary)
-	outputFiles, err := module.(android.OutputFileProducer).OutputFiles("")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected cc_test to produce output files, error: %s", err)
-	}
+	outputFiles := testingModule.OutputFiles(t, "")
 	if len(outputFiles) != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("expected exactly one output file. output files: [%s]", outputFiles)
 	}
@@ -1407,12 +1401,10 @@
 	config := TestConfig(t.TempDir(), android.Android, nil, bp, nil)
 
 	ctx := testCcWithConfig(t, config)
-	module := ctx.ModuleForTests("main_test", "android_arm_armv7-a-neon").Module()
+	testingModule := ctx.ModuleForTests("main_test", "android_arm_armv7-a-neon")
+	module := testingModule.Module()
 	testBinary := module.(*Module).linker.(*testBinary)
-	outputFiles, err := module.(android.OutputFileProducer).OutputFiles("")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected cc_test to produce output files, error: %s", err)
-	}
+	outputFiles := testingModule.OutputFiles(t, "")
 	if len(outputFiles) != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("expected exactly one output file. output files: [%s]", outputFiles)
 	}
@@ -3118,12 +3110,8 @@
  `
 	config := TestConfig(t.TempDir(), android.Android, nil, bp, nil)
 	ctx := testCcWithConfig(t, config)
-	module := ctx.ModuleForTests("test_lib", "android_arm_armv7-a-neon_shared").Module()
-	outputFile, err := module.(android.OutputFileProducer).OutputFiles("stripped_all")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Expected cc_library to produce output files, error: %s", err)
-		return
-	}
+	testingModule := ctx.ModuleForTests("test_lib", "android_arm_armv7-a-neon_shared")
+	outputFile := testingModule.OutputFiles(t, "stripped_all")
 	if !strings.HasSuffix(outputFile.Strings()[0], "/stripped_all/test_lib.so") {
 		t.Errorf("Unexpected output file: %s", outputFile.Strings()[0])
 		return
diff --git a/cc/cc_test_only_property_test.go b/cc/cc_test_only_property_test.go
index c14f34e..972e86b 100644
--- a/cc/cc_test_only_property_test.go
+++ b/cc/cc_test_only_property_test.go
@@ -78,38 +78,6 @@
 	}
 }
 
-func TestTestOnlyValueWithTestPerSrcProp(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	ctx := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
-		prepareForCcTest,
-	).RunTestWithBp(t, `
-                // These should be test-only
-                cc_test { name: "cc-test",
-                          gtest: false,
-                          test_per_src: true,
-                          srcs: ["foo_test.cpp"],
-                          test_options: { unit_test: false, },
-                         }
-	`)
-
-	// Ensure all variation of test-per-src tests are marked test-only.
-	ctx.VisitAllModules(func(m blueprint.Module) {
-		testOnly := false
-		if provider, ok := android.OtherModuleProvider(ctx.TestContext.OtherModuleProviderAdaptor(), m, android.TestOnlyProviderKey); ok {
-			if provider.TestOnly {
-				testOnly = true
-			}
-		}
-		if module, ok := m.(*Module); ok {
-			if testModule, ok := module.installer.(*testBinary); ok {
-				if !testOnly && *testModule.Properties.Test_per_src {
-					t.Errorf("%v is not test-only but should be", m)
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	})
-}
-
 func TestTestOnlyInTeamsProto(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	ctx := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
diff --git a/cc/check.go b/cc/check.go
index 32d1f06..e3af3b2 100644
--- a/cc/check.go
+++ b/cc/check.go
@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@
 				ctx.PropertyErrorf(prop, "-Weverything is not allowed in Android.bp files.  "+
 					"Build with `m ANDROID_TEMPORARILY_ALLOW_WEVERYTHING=true` to experiment locally with -Weverything.")
 			}
-		} else if strings.HasPrefix(flag, "-target") || strings.HasPrefix(flag, "--target") {
+		} else if strings.HasPrefix(flag, "-target ") || strings.HasPrefix(flag, "--target ") ||
+			strings.HasPrefix(flag, "-target=") || strings.HasPrefix(flag, "--target=") {
 			ctx.PropertyErrorf(prop, "Bad flag: `%s`, use the correct target soong rule.", flag)
 		} else if strings.Contains(flag, " ") {
 			args := strings.Split(flag, " ")
@@ -63,6 +64,10 @@
 				if len(args) > 2 {
 					ctx.PropertyErrorf(prop, "`-mllvm` only takes one argument: `%s`", flag)
 				}
+			} else if args[0] == "-Xclang" {
+				if len(args) > 2 {
+					ctx.PropertyErrorf(prop, "`-Xclang` only takes one argument: `%s`", flag)
+				}
 			} else if strings.HasPrefix(flag, "-D") && strings.Contains(flag, "=") {
 				// Do nothing in this case.
 				// For now, we allow space characters in -DNAME=def form to allow use cases
diff --git a/cc/cmake_ext_add_aidl_library.txt b/cc/cmake_ext_add_aidl_library.txt
index aa3235e3..d5c134e 100644
--- a/cc/cmake_ext_add_aidl_library.txt
+++ b/cc/cmake_ext_add_aidl_library.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
+if ("${CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR}" MATCHES "^(arm|aarch)")
+    set(PREBUILTS_BIN_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/prebuilts/host/linux_musl-arm64/bin")
+else()
+    set(PREBUILTS_BIN_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/prebuilts/host/linux-x86/bin")
+endif()
+if (NOT AIDL_BIN)
+    find_program(AIDL_BIN aidl REQUIRED HINTS "${PREBUILTS_BIN_DIR}")
+endif()
+
 function(add_aidl_library NAME LANG AIDLROOT SOURCES AIDLFLAGS)
     if (${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "3.20")
         cmake_policy(SET CMP0116 NEW)
diff --git a/cc/cmake_main.txt b/cc/cmake_main.txt
index f6e21a6..eeabf53 100644
--- a/cc/cmake_main.txt
+++ b/cc/cmake_main.txt
@@ -6,20 +6,12 @@
 set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${CMAKE_MODULE_PATH} "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake")
 include(AddAidlLibrary)
 include(AppendCxxFlagsIfSupported)
+include(FindThreads)
 
 if (NOT ANDROID_BUILD_TOP)
     set(ANDROID_BUILD_TOP "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}")
 endif()
 
-if ("${CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR}" MATCHES "^(arm|aarch)")
-    set(PREBUILTS_BIN_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/prebuilts/host/linux_musl-arm64/bin")
-else()
-    set(PREBUILTS_BIN_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/prebuilts/host/linux-x86/bin")
-endif()
-if (NOT AIDL_BIN)
-    find_program(AIDL_BIN aidl REQUIRED HINTS "${PREBUILTS_BIN_DIR}")
-endif()
-
 <<cflagsList .M.Name "_CFLAGS" .M.Properties.Cflags .M.Properties.Unportable_flags .M.Properties.Cflags_ignored>>
 
 <<range .Pprop.SystemPackages ->>
@@ -29,6 +21,7 @@
 add_subdirectory("${ANDROID_BUILD_TOP}/<<.>>" "<<.>>/build" EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
 <<end>>
 add_compile_options(${<<.M.Name>>_CFLAGS})
+link_libraries(${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
 <<range $moduleDir, $value := .ModuleDirs ->>
 add_subdirectory(<<$moduleDir>>)
 <<end>>
diff --git a/cc/cmake_snapshot.go b/cc/cmake_snapshot.go
index 1284da4..fb2924a 100644
--- a/cc/cmake_snapshot.go
+++ b/cc/cmake_snapshot.go
@@ -51,8 +51,10 @@
 var cmakeExtAppendFlags string
 
 var defaultUnportableFlags []string = []string{
+	"-Wno-c99-designator",
 	"-Wno-class-memaccess",
 	"-Wno-exit-time-destructors",
+	"-Winconsistent-missing-override",
 	"-Wno-inconsistent-missing-override",
 	"-Wreorder-init-list",
 	"-Wno-reorder-init-list",
@@ -67,6 +69,12 @@
 	"libc",
 	"libc++",
 	"libc++_static",
+	"libc++demangle",
+	"libc_musl",
+	"libc_musl_crtbegin_so",
+	"libc_musl_crtbegin_static",
+	"libc_musl_crtend",
+	"libc_musl_crtend_so",
 	"libdl",
 	"libm",
 	"prebuilt_libclang_rt.builtins",
@@ -89,8 +97,14 @@
 }
 
 type CmakeSnapshotProperties struct {
-	// Modules to add to the snapshot package. Their dependencies are pulled in automatically.
-	Modules []string
+	// Host modules to add to the snapshot package. Their dependencies are pulled in automatically.
+	Modules_host []string
+
+	// System modules to add to the snapshot package. Their dependencies are pulled in automatically.
+	Modules_system []string
+
+	// Vendor modules to add to the snapshot package. Their dependencies are pulled in automatically.
+	Modules_vendor []string
 
 	// Host prebuilts to bundle with the snapshot. These are tools needed to build outside Android.
 	Prebuilts []string
@@ -147,11 +161,7 @@
 			return list.String()
 		},
 		"toStrings": func(files android.Paths) []string {
-			strings := make([]string, len(files))
-			for idx, file := range files {
-				strings[idx] = file.String()
-			}
-			return strings
+			return files.Strings()
 		},
 		"concat5": func(list1 []string, list2 []string, list3 []string, list4 []string, list5 []string) []string {
 			return append(append(append(append(list1, list2...), list3...), list4...), list5...)
@@ -272,15 +282,18 @@
 }
 
 func (m *CmakeSnapshot) DepsMutator(ctx android.BottomUpMutatorContext) {
-	variations := []blueprint.Variation{
-		{"os", "linux_glibc"},
-		{"arch", "x86_64"},
-	}
-	ctx.AddVariationDependencies(variations, cmakeSnapshotModuleTag, m.Properties.Modules...)
+	deviceVariations := ctx.Config().AndroidFirstDeviceTarget.Variations()
+	deviceSystemVariations := append(deviceVariations, blueprint.Variation{"image", ""})
+	deviceVendorVariations := append(deviceVariations, blueprint.Variation{"image", "vendor"})
+	hostVariations := ctx.Config().BuildOSTarget.Variations()
+
+	ctx.AddVariationDependencies(hostVariations, cmakeSnapshotModuleTag, m.Properties.Modules_host...)
+	ctx.AddVariationDependencies(deviceSystemVariations, cmakeSnapshotModuleTag, m.Properties.Modules_system...)
+	ctx.AddVariationDependencies(deviceVendorVariations, cmakeSnapshotModuleTag, m.Properties.Modules_vendor...)
 
 	if len(m.Properties.Prebuilts) > 0 {
 		prebuilts := append(m.Properties.Prebuilts, "libc++")
-		ctx.AddVariationDependencies(variations, cmakeSnapshotPrebuiltTag, prebuilts...)
+		ctx.AddVariationDependencies(hostVariations, cmakeSnapshotPrebuiltTag, prebuilts...)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -399,7 +412,8 @@
 
 	// Merging CMakeLists.txt contents for every module directory
 	var makefilesList android.Paths
-	for moduleDir, fragments := range moduleDirs {
+	for _, moduleDir := range android.SortedKeys(moduleDirs) {
+		fragments := moduleDirs[moduleDir]
 		moduleCmakePath := android.PathForModuleGen(ctx, moduleDir, "CMakeLists.txt")
 		makefilesList = append(makefilesList, moduleCmakePath)
 		sort.Strings(fragments)
@@ -439,8 +453,9 @@
 	// Packaging all sources into the zip file
 	if m.Properties.Include_sources {
 		var sourcesList android.Paths
-		for _, file := range sourceFiles {
-			sourcesList = append(sourcesList, file)
+		for _, file := range android.SortedKeys(sourceFiles) {
+			path := sourceFiles[file]
+			sourcesList = append(sourcesList, path)
 		}
 
 		sourcesRspFile := android.PathForModuleObj(ctx, ctx.ModuleName()+"_sources.rsp")
diff --git a/cc/cmake_snapshot_test.go b/cc/cmake_snapshot_test.go
index 8fca6c1..b6f4369 100644
--- a/cc/cmake_snapshot_test.go
+++ b/cc/cmake_snapshot_test.go
@@ -38,7 +38,9 @@
 	result := PrepareForIntegrationTestWithCc.RunTestWithBp(t, `
 		cc_cmake_snapshot {
 			name: "foo",
-			modules: [],
+			modules_host: [],
+			modules_system: [],
+			modules_vendor: [],
 			prebuilts: ["libc++"],
 			include_sources: true,
 		}`)
@@ -65,7 +67,7 @@
 	result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(PrepareForIntegrationTestWithCc, xtra).RunTestWithBp(t, `
 		cc_cmake_snapshot {
 			name: "foo",
-			modules: [
+			modules_system: [
 				"foo_binary",
 			],
 			include_sources: true,
@@ -99,7 +101,7 @@
 
 		cc_cmake_snapshot {
 			name: "foo",
-			modules: [],
+			modules_system: [],
 			prebuilts: ["libc++"],
 			include_sources: true,
 		}`)
diff --git a/cc/compiler.go b/cc/compiler.go
index d8446fb..03f9899 100644
--- a/cc/compiler.go
+++ b/cc/compiler.go
@@ -539,12 +539,10 @@
 		flags.Global.CommonFlags = append(flags.Global.CommonFlags, "${config.ExternalCflags}")
 	}
 
-	if tc.Bionic() {
-		if Bool(compiler.Properties.Rtti) {
-			flags.Local.CppFlags = append(flags.Local.CppFlags, "-frtti")
-		} else {
-			flags.Local.CppFlags = append(flags.Local.CppFlags, "-fno-rtti")
-		}
+	if Bool(compiler.Properties.Rtti) {
+		flags.Local.CppFlags = append(flags.Local.CppFlags, "-frtti")
+	} else {
+		flags.Local.CppFlags = append(flags.Local.CppFlags, "-fno-rtti")
 	}
 
 	flags.Global.AsFlags = append(flags.Global.AsFlags, "${config.CommonGlobalAsflags}")
@@ -796,9 +794,6 @@
 	// be added to the include path using -I
 	Local_include_dirs []string `android:"arch_variant,variant_prepend"`
 
-	// list of Rust static libraries.
-	Static_rlibs []string `android:"arch_variant,variant_prepend"`
-
 	// list of static libraries that provide headers for this binding.
 	Static_libs []string `android:"arch_variant,variant_prepend"`
 
diff --git a/cc/config/riscv64_device.go b/cc/config/riscv64_device.go
index 724676a..6a5293f 100644
--- a/cc/config/riscv64_device.go
+++ b/cc/config/riscv64_device.go
@@ -29,14 +29,10 @@
 		// This is already the driver's Android default, but duplicated here (and
 		// below) for ease of experimentation with additional extensions.
 		"-march=rv64gcv_zba_zbb_zbs",
-		// TODO: move to driver (https://github.com/google/android-riscv64/issues/111)
-		"-mno-strict-align",
 		// TODO: remove when qemu V works (https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu/-/issues/1976)
 		// (Note that we'll probably want to wait for berberis to be good enough
 		// that most people don't care about qemu's V performance either!)
 		"-mno-implicit-float",
-		// TODO: remove when clang default changed (https://github.com/google/android-riscv64/issues/124)
-		"-mllvm -jump-is-expensive=false",
 	}
 
 	riscv64ArchVariantCflags = map[string][]string{}
diff --git a/cc/coverage.go b/cc/coverage.go
index f6092e4..a7618dd 100644
--- a/cc/coverage.go
+++ b/cc/coverage.go
@@ -23,26 +23,26 @@
 )
 
 var (
- 	clangCoverageHostLdFlags = []string{
- 		"-Wl,--no-as-needed",
- 		"-Wl,--wrap,open",
- 	}
- 	clangContinuousCoverageFlags = []string{
- 		"-mllvm",
- 		"-runtime-counter-relocation",
- 	}
- 	clangCoverageCFlags = []string{
- 		"-Wno-frame-larger-than=",
- 	}
- 	clangCoverageCommonFlags = []string{
- 		"-fcoverage-mapping",
- 		"-Wno-pass-failed",
- 		"-D__ANDROID_CLANG_COVERAGE__",
- 	}
- 	clangCoverageHWASanFlags = []string{
- 		"-mllvm",
- 		"-hwasan-globals=0",
- 	}
+	clangCoverageHostLdFlags = []string{
+		"-Wl,--no-as-needed",
+		"-Wl,--wrap,open",
+	}
+	clangContinuousCoverageFlags = []string{
+		"-mllvm",
+		"-runtime-counter-relocation",
+	}
+	clangCoverageCFlags = []string{
+		"-Wno-frame-larger-than=",
+	}
+	clangCoverageCommonFlags = []string{
+		"-fcoverage-mapping",
+		"-Wno-pass-failed",
+		"-D__ANDROID_CLANG_COVERAGE__",
+	}
+	clangCoverageHWASanFlags = []string{
+		"-mllvm",
+		"-hwasan-globals=0",
+	}
 )
 
 const profileInstrFlag = "-fprofile-instr-generate=/data/misc/trace/clang-%p-%m.profraw"
@@ -247,9 +247,19 @@
 	return properties
 }
 
+type IsNativeCoverageNeededContext interface {
+	Config() android.Config
+	DeviceConfig() android.DeviceConfig
+	Device() bool
+}
+
+var _ IsNativeCoverageNeededContext = android.IncomingTransitionContext(nil)
+var _ IsNativeCoverageNeededContext = android.BaseModuleContext(nil)
+var _ IsNativeCoverageNeededContext = android.BottomUpMutatorContext(nil)
+
 type UseCoverage interface {
 	android.Module
-	IsNativeCoverageNeeded(ctx android.IncomingTransitionContext) bool
+	IsNativeCoverageNeeded(ctx IsNativeCoverageNeededContext) bool
 }
 
 // Coverage is an interface for non-CC modules to implement to be mutated for coverage
diff --git a/cc/library.go b/cc/library.go
index e49f50c..560b1ae 100644
--- a/cc/library.go
+++ b/cc/library.go
@@ -1135,8 +1135,12 @@
 	linkerDeps = append(linkerDeps, deps.SharedLibsDeps...)
 	linkerDeps = append(linkerDeps, deps.LateSharedLibsDeps...)
 
-	if generatedLib := generateRustStaticlib(ctx, deps.RustRlibDeps); generatedLib != nil {
-		deps.StaticLibs = append(deps.StaticLibs, generatedLib)
+	if generatedLib := generateRustStaticlib(ctx, deps.RustRlibDeps); generatedLib != nil && !library.buildStubs() {
+		if ctx.Module().(*Module).WholeRustStaticlib {
+			deps.WholeStaticLibs = append(deps.WholeStaticLibs, generatedLib)
+		} else {
+			deps.StaticLibs = append(deps.StaticLibs, generatedLib)
+		}
 	}
 
 	transformObjToDynamicBinary(ctx, objs.objFiles, sharedLibs,
@@ -2149,7 +2153,6 @@
 			modules := mctx.CreateLocalVariations(variations...)
 			static := modules[0].(LinkableInterface)
 			shared := modules[1].(LinkableInterface)
-
 			static.SetStatic()
 			shared.SetShared()
 
@@ -2173,6 +2176,12 @@
 			mctx.CreateLocalVariations(variations...)
 			mctx.AliasVariation(variations[0])
 		}
+		if library.BuildRlibVariant() && library.IsRustFFI() && !buildStatic {
+			// Rust modules do not build static libs, but rlibs are used as if they
+			// were via `static_libs`. Thus we need to alias the BuildRlibVariant
+			// to "static" for Rust FFI libraries.
+			mctx.CreateAliasVariation("static", "")
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -2211,8 +2220,12 @@
 		if variants[i] != "" || isLLNDK || isVendorPublicLibrary || isImportedApiLibrary {
 			// A stubs or LLNDK stubs variant.
 			c := m.(*Module)
-			c.sanitize = nil
-			c.stl = nil
+			if c.sanitize != nil {
+				c.sanitize.Properties.ForceDisable = true
+			}
+			if c.stl != nil {
+				c.stl.Properties.Stl = StringPtr("none")
+			}
 			c.Properties.PreventInstall = true
 			lib := moduleLibraryInterface(m)
 			isLatest := i == (len(versions) - 1)
diff --git a/cc/library_sdk_member.go b/cc/library_sdk_member.go
index a65b1ba..1f71c19 100644
--- a/cc/library_sdk_member.go
+++ b/cc/library_sdk_member.go
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 		SupportsSdk:           true,
 		HostOsDependent:       true,
 		SupportedLinkageNames: []string{"shared"},
+		StripDisabled:         true,
 	},
 	prebuiltModuleType: "cc_prebuilt_library_shared",
 }
diff --git a/cc/linkable.go b/cc/linkable.go
index 2309fe8..1672366 100644
--- a/cc/linkable.go
+++ b/cc/linkable.go
@@ -94,12 +94,16 @@
 	SelectedStl() string
 
 	BuildStaticVariant() bool
+	BuildRlibVariant() bool
 	BuildSharedVariant() bool
 	SetStatic()
 	SetShared()
 	IsPrebuilt() bool
 	Toc() android.OptionalPath
 
+	// IsRustFFI returns true if this is a Rust FFI library.
+	IsRustFFI() bool
+
 	// IsFuzzModule returns true if this a *_fuzz module.
 	IsFuzzModule() bool
 
diff --git a/cc/linker.go b/cc/linker.go
index 1675df6..d2974c2 100644
--- a/cc/linker.go
+++ b/cc/linker.go
@@ -39,9 +39,6 @@
 	// the dependency's .a file will be linked into this module using -Wl,--whole-archive.
 	Whole_static_libs []string `android:"arch_variant,variant_prepend"`
 
-	// list of Rust libs that should be statically linked into this module.
-	Static_rlibs []string `android:"arch_variant"`
-
 	// list of modules that should be statically linked into this module.
 	Static_libs []string `android:"arch_variant,variant_prepend"`
 
@@ -127,10 +124,6 @@
 			// variant of the C/C++ module.
 			Header_libs []string
 
-			// list of Rust libs that should be statically linked to build vendor or product
-			// variant.
-			Static_rlibs []string
-
 			// list of shared libs that should not be used to build vendor or
 			// product variant of the C/C++ module.
 			Exclude_shared_libs []string
@@ -159,10 +152,6 @@
 			// variant of the C/C++ module.
 			Static_libs []string
 
-			// list of Rust libs that should be statically linked to build the recovery
-			// variant.
-			Static_rlibs []string
-
 			// list of shared libs that should not be used to build
 			// the recovery variant of the C/C++ module.
 			Exclude_shared_libs []string
@@ -184,10 +173,6 @@
 			// variant of the C/C++ module.
 			Static_libs []string
 
-			// list of Rust libs that should be statically linked to build the ramdisk
-			// variant.
-			Static_rlibs []string
-
 			// list of shared libs that should not be used to build
 			// the ramdisk variant of the C/C++ module.
 			Exclude_shared_libs []string
@@ -205,10 +190,6 @@
 			// the vendor ramdisk variant of the C/C++ module.
 			Exclude_shared_libs []string
 
-			// list of Rust libs that should be statically linked to build the vendor ramdisk
-			// variant.
-			Static_rlibs []string
-
 			// list of static libs that should not be used to build
 			// the vendor ramdisk variant of the C/C++ module.
 			Exclude_static_libs []string
@@ -224,10 +205,6 @@
 			// variants.
 			Shared_libs []string
 
-			// list of Rust libs that should be statically linked to build the vendor ramdisk
-			// variant.
-			Static_rlibs []string
-
 			// list of ehader libs that only should be used to build platform variant of
 			// the C/C++ module.
 			Header_libs []string
@@ -322,7 +299,6 @@
 	deps.WholeStaticLibs = append(deps.WholeStaticLibs, linker.Properties.Whole_static_libs...)
 	deps.HeaderLibs = append(deps.HeaderLibs, linker.Properties.Header_libs...)
 	deps.StaticLibs = append(deps.StaticLibs, linker.Properties.Static_libs...)
-	deps.Rlibs = append(deps.Rlibs, linker.Properties.Static_rlibs...)
 	deps.SharedLibs = append(deps.SharedLibs, linker.Properties.Shared_libs...)
 	deps.RuntimeLibs = append(deps.RuntimeLibs, linker.Properties.Runtime_libs...)
 
@@ -366,7 +342,6 @@
 		deps.ReexportStaticLibHeaders = removeListFromList(deps.ReexportStaticLibHeaders, linker.Properties.Target.Vendor.Exclude_static_libs)
 		deps.WholeStaticLibs = removeListFromList(deps.WholeStaticLibs, linker.Properties.Target.Vendor.Exclude_static_libs)
 		deps.RuntimeLibs = removeListFromList(deps.RuntimeLibs, linker.Properties.Target.Vendor.Exclude_runtime_libs)
-		deps.Rlibs = append(deps.Rlibs, linker.Properties.Target.Vendor.Static_rlibs...)
 	}
 
 	if ctx.inProduct() {
@@ -380,7 +355,6 @@
 		deps.ReexportStaticLibHeaders = removeListFromList(deps.ReexportStaticLibHeaders, linker.Properties.Target.Product.Exclude_static_libs)
 		deps.WholeStaticLibs = removeListFromList(deps.WholeStaticLibs, linker.Properties.Target.Product.Exclude_static_libs)
 		deps.RuntimeLibs = removeListFromList(deps.RuntimeLibs, linker.Properties.Target.Product.Exclude_runtime_libs)
-		deps.Rlibs = append(deps.Rlibs, linker.Properties.Target.Product.Static_rlibs...)
 	}
 
 	if ctx.inRecovery() {
@@ -394,7 +368,6 @@
 		deps.ReexportStaticLibHeaders = removeListFromList(deps.ReexportStaticLibHeaders, linker.Properties.Target.Recovery.Exclude_static_libs)
 		deps.WholeStaticLibs = removeListFromList(deps.WholeStaticLibs, linker.Properties.Target.Recovery.Exclude_static_libs)
 		deps.RuntimeLibs = removeListFromList(deps.RuntimeLibs, linker.Properties.Target.Recovery.Exclude_runtime_libs)
-		deps.Rlibs = append(deps.Rlibs, linker.Properties.Target.Recovery.Static_rlibs...)
 	}
 
 	if ctx.inRamdisk() {
@@ -405,7 +378,6 @@
 		deps.ReexportStaticLibHeaders = removeListFromList(deps.ReexportStaticLibHeaders, linker.Properties.Target.Ramdisk.Exclude_static_libs)
 		deps.WholeStaticLibs = removeListFromList(deps.WholeStaticLibs, linker.Properties.Target.Ramdisk.Exclude_static_libs)
 		deps.RuntimeLibs = removeListFromList(deps.RuntimeLibs, linker.Properties.Target.Ramdisk.Exclude_runtime_libs)
-		deps.Rlibs = append(deps.Rlibs, linker.Properties.Target.Ramdisk.Static_rlibs...)
 	}
 
 	if ctx.inVendorRamdisk() {
@@ -415,7 +387,6 @@
 		deps.ReexportStaticLibHeaders = removeListFromList(deps.ReexportStaticLibHeaders, linker.Properties.Target.Vendor_ramdisk.Exclude_static_libs)
 		deps.WholeStaticLibs = removeListFromList(deps.WholeStaticLibs, linker.Properties.Target.Vendor_ramdisk.Exclude_static_libs)
 		deps.RuntimeLibs = removeListFromList(deps.RuntimeLibs, linker.Properties.Target.Vendor_ramdisk.Exclude_runtime_libs)
-		deps.Rlibs = append(deps.Rlibs, linker.Properties.Target.Vendor_ramdisk.Static_rlibs...)
 	}
 
 	if !ctx.useSdk() {
diff --git a/cc/llndk_library.go b/cc/llndk_library.go
index 632c76d..85c3edf 100644
--- a/cc/llndk_library.go
+++ b/cc/llndk_library.go
@@ -184,10 +184,6 @@
 	return ""
 }
 
-func (txt *llndkLibrariesTxtModule) OutputFiles(tag string) (android.Paths, error) {
-	return android.Paths{txt.outputFile}, nil
-}
-
 func llndkMutator(mctx android.BottomUpMutatorContext) {
 	m, ok := mctx.Module().(*Module)
 	if !ok {
diff --git a/cc/makevars.go b/cc/makevars.go
index 9d29aff..cd13965 100644
--- a/cc/makevars.go
+++ b/cc/makevars.go
@@ -138,7 +138,6 @@
 	ctx.Strict("CLANG_COVERAGE_HWASAN_FLAGS", strings.Join(clangCoverageHWASanFlags, " "))
 
 	ctx.Strict("ADDRESS_SANITIZER_CONFIG_EXTRA_CFLAGS", strings.Join(asanCflags, " "))
-	ctx.Strict("ADDRESS_SANITIZER_CONFIG_EXTRA_LDFLAGS", strings.Join(asanLdflags, " "))
 
 	ctx.Strict("HWADDRESS_SANITIZER_CONFIG_EXTRA_CFLAGS", strings.Join(hwasanCflags, " "))
 	ctx.Strict("HWADDRESS_SANITIZER_GLOBAL_OPTIONS", strings.Join(hwasanGlobalOptions, ","))
diff --git a/cc/object.go b/cc/object.go
index 6c0391f..8b23295 100644
--- a/cc/object.go
+++ b/cc/object.go
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@
 }
 
 func (object *objectLinker) strippedAllOutputFilePath() android.Path {
-	panic("Not implemented.")
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (object *objectLinker) nativeCoverage() bool {
diff --git a/cc/sanitize.go b/cc/sanitize.go
index d72d7d3..64a313b 100644
--- a/cc/sanitize.go
+++ b/cc/sanitize.go
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@
 	asanCflags = []string{
 		"-fno-omit-frame-pointer",
 	}
-	asanLdflags = []string{"-Wl,-u,__asan_preinit"}
 
 	// DO NOT ADD MLLVM FLAGS HERE! ADD THEM BELOW TO hwasanCommonFlags.
 	hwasanCflags = []string{
@@ -383,7 +382,19 @@
 	Sanitize        SanitizeUserProps         `android:"arch_variant"`
 	SanitizeMutated sanitizeMutatedProperties `blueprint:"mutated"`
 
-	SanitizerEnabled  bool     `blueprint:"mutated"`
+	// ForceDisable is set by the version mutator to disable sanitization of stubs variants
+	ForceDisable bool `blueprint:"mutated"`
+
+	// SanitizerEnabled is set by begin() if any of the sanitize boolean properties are set after
+	// applying the logic that enables globally enabled sanitizers and disables any unsupported
+	// sanitizers.
+	// TODO(b/349906293): this has some unintuitive behavior.  It is set in begin() before the sanitize
+	//  mutator is run if any of the individual sanitizes  properties are set, and then the individual
+	//  sanitize properties are cleared in the non-sanitized variants, but this value is never cleared.
+	//  That results in SanitizerEnabled being set in variants that have no sanitizers enabled, causing
+	//  some of the sanitizer logic in flags() to be applied to the non-sanitized variant.
+	SanitizerEnabled bool `blueprint:"mutated"`
+
 	MinimalRuntimeDep bool     `blueprint:"mutated"`
 	BuiltinsDep       bool     `blueprint:"mutated"`
 	UbsanRuntimeDep   bool     `blueprint:"mutated"`
@@ -455,6 +466,10 @@
 	s := &sanitize.Properties.SanitizeMutated
 	s.copyUserPropertiesToMutated(&sanitize.Properties.Sanitize)
 
+	if sanitize.Properties.ForceDisable {
+		return
+	}
+
 	// Don't apply sanitizers to NDK code.
 	if ctx.useSdk() {
 		s.Never = BoolPtr(true)
@@ -765,6 +780,10 @@
 }
 
 func (s *sanitize) flags(ctx ModuleContext, flags Flags) Flags {
+	if s.Properties.ForceDisable {
+		return flags
+	}
+
 	if !s.Properties.SanitizerEnabled && !s.Properties.UbsanRuntimeDep {
 		return flags
 	}
@@ -777,16 +796,17 @@
 			flags.RequiredInstructionSet = "arm"
 		}
 		flags.Local.CFlags = append(flags.Local.CFlags, asanCflags...)
-		flags.Local.LdFlags = append(flags.Local.LdFlags, asanLdflags...)
 
 		if Bool(sanProps.Writeonly) {
 			flags.Local.CFlags = append(flags.Local.CFlags, "-mllvm", "-asan-instrument-reads=0")
 		}
 
 		if ctx.Host() {
-			// -nodefaultlibs (provided with libc++) prevents the driver from linking
-			// libraries needed with -fsanitize=address. http://b/18650275 (WAI)
-			flags.Local.LdFlags = append(flags.Local.LdFlags, "-Wl,--no-as-needed")
+			if !ctx.Darwin() { // ld64.lld doesn't know about '--no-as-needed'
+				// -nodefaultlibs (provided with libc++) prevents the driver from linking
+				// libraries needed with -fsanitize=address. http://b/18650275 (WAI)
+				flags.Local.LdFlags = append(flags.Local.LdFlags, "-Wl,--no-as-needed")
+			}
 		} else {
 			flags.Local.CFlags = append(flags.Local.CFlags, "-mllvm", "-asan-globals=0")
 			if ctx.bootstrap() {
@@ -1104,7 +1124,7 @@
 	if s == nil {
 		return false
 	}
-	if proptools.Bool(s.Properties.SanitizeMutated.Never) {
+	if s.Properties.ForceDisable || proptools.Bool(s.Properties.SanitizeMutated.Never) {
 		return false
 	}
 
@@ -1329,7 +1349,7 @@
 }
 
 func (c *Module) SanitizeNever() bool {
-	return Bool(c.sanitize.Properties.SanitizeMutated.Never)
+	return c.sanitize.Properties.ForceDisable || Bool(c.sanitize.Properties.SanitizeMutated.Never)
 }
 
 func (c *Module) IsSanitizerExplicitlyDisabled(t SanitizerType) bool {
@@ -1340,6 +1360,9 @@
 func sanitizerRuntimeDepsMutator(mctx android.TopDownMutatorContext) {
 	// Change this to PlatformSanitizable when/if non-cc modules support ubsan sanitizers.
 	if c, ok := mctx.Module().(*Module); ok && c.sanitize != nil {
+		if c.sanitize.Properties.ForceDisable {
+			return
+		}
 		isSanitizableDependencyTag := c.SanitizableDepTagChecker()
 		mctx.WalkDeps(func(child, parent android.Module) bool {
 			if !isSanitizableDependencyTag(mctx.OtherModuleDependencyTag(child)) {
@@ -1350,7 +1373,7 @@
 			if !ok || !d.static() {
 				return false
 			}
-			if d.sanitize != nil {
+			if d.sanitize != nil && !d.sanitize.Properties.ForceDisable {
 				if enableMinimalRuntime(d.sanitize) {
 					// If a static dependency is built with the minimal runtime,
 					// make sure we include the ubsan minimal runtime.
@@ -1385,6 +1408,10 @@
 		if !c.Enabled(mctx) {
 			return
 		}
+		if c.sanitize.Properties.ForceDisable {
+			return
+		}
+
 		var sanitizers []string
 		var diagSanitizers []string
 
@@ -1899,7 +1926,3 @@
 func (txt *sanitizerLibrariesTxtModule) SubDir() string {
 	return ""
 }
-
-func (txt *sanitizerLibrariesTxtModule) OutputFiles(tag string) (android.Paths, error) {
-	return android.Paths{txt.outputFile}, nil
-}
diff --git a/cc/test.go b/cc/test.go
index a96af31..f5bb761 100644
--- a/cc/test.go
+++ b/cc/test.go
@@ -15,11 +15,9 @@
 package cc
 
 import (
+	"github.com/google/blueprint/proptools"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/google/blueprint/proptools"
 
 	"android/soong/android"
 	"android/soong/tradefed"
@@ -75,13 +73,9 @@
 }
 
 type TestBinaryProperties struct {
-	// Create a separate binary for each source file.  Useful when there is
-	// global state that can not be torn down and reset between each test suite.
-	Test_per_src *bool
-
 	// Disables the creation of a test-specific directory when used with
 	// relative_install_path. Useful if several tests need to be in the same
-	// directory, but test_per_src doesn't work.
+	// directory.
 	No_named_install_directory *bool
 
 	// list of files or filegroup modules that provide data that should be installed alongside
@@ -174,86 +168,14 @@
 	return module.Init()
 }
 
-type testPerSrc interface {
-	testPerSrc() bool
-	srcs() []string
-	isAllTestsVariation() bool
-	setSrc(string, string)
-	unsetSrc()
-}
-
-func (test *testBinary) testPerSrc() bool {
-	return Bool(test.Properties.Test_per_src)
-}
-
-func (test *testBinary) srcs() []string {
-	return test.baseCompiler.Properties.Srcs
-}
-
 func (test *testBinary) dataPaths() []android.DataPath {
 	return test.data
 }
 
-func (test *testBinary) isAllTestsVariation() bool {
-	stem := test.binaryDecorator.Properties.Stem
-	return stem != nil && *stem == ""
-}
-
-func (test *testBinary) setSrc(name, src string) {
-	test.baseCompiler.Properties.Srcs = []string{src}
-	test.binaryDecorator.Properties.Stem = StringPtr(name)
-}
-
-func (test *testBinary) unsetSrc() {
-	test.baseCompiler.Properties.Srcs = nil
-	test.binaryDecorator.Properties.Stem = StringPtr("")
-}
-
 func (test *testBinary) testBinary() bool {
 	return true
 }
 
-var _ testPerSrc = (*testBinary)(nil)
-
-func TestPerSrcMutator(mctx android.BottomUpMutatorContext) {
-	if m, ok := mctx.Module().(*Module); ok {
-		if test, ok := m.linker.(testPerSrc); ok {
-			numTests := len(test.srcs())
-			if test.testPerSrc() && numTests > 0 {
-				if duplicate, found := android.CheckDuplicate(test.srcs()); found {
-					mctx.PropertyErrorf("srcs", "found a duplicate entry %q", duplicate)
-					return
-				}
-				testNames := make([]string, numTests)
-				for i, src := range test.srcs() {
-					testNames[i] = strings.TrimSuffix(filepath.Base(src), filepath.Ext(src))
-				}
-				// In addition to creating one variation per test source file,
-				// create an additional "all tests" variation named "", and have it
-				// depends on all other test_per_src variations. This is useful to
-				// create subsequent dependencies of a given module on all
-				// test_per_src variations created above: by depending on
-				// variation "", that module will transitively depend on all the
-				// other test_per_src variations without the need to know their
-				// name or even their number.
-				testNames = append(testNames, "")
-				tests := mctx.CreateLocalVariations(testNames...)
-				allTests := tests[numTests]
-				allTests.(*Module).linker.(testPerSrc).unsetSrc()
-				// Prevent the "all tests" variation from being installable nor
-				// exporting to Make, as it won't create any output file.
-				allTests.(*Module).Properties.PreventInstall = true
-				allTests.(*Module).Properties.HideFromMake = true
-				for i, src := range test.srcs() {
-					tests[i].(*Module).linker.(testPerSrc).setSrc(testNames[i], src)
-					mctx.AddInterVariantDependency(testPerSrcDepTag, allTests, tests[i])
-				}
-				mctx.AliasVariation("")
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 type testDecorator struct {
 	LinkerProperties    TestLinkerProperties
 	InstallerProperties TestInstallerProperties
@@ -382,10 +304,6 @@
 	}
 	moduleInfoJSON.TestConfig = append(moduleInfoJSON.TestConfig, test.extraTestConfigs.Strings()...)
 
-	if Bool(test.Properties.Test_per_src) {
-		moduleInfoJSON.SubName = "_" + String(test.binaryDecorator.Properties.Stem)
-	}
-
 	moduleInfoJSON.DataDependencies = append(moduleInfoJSON.DataDependencies, test.Properties.Data_bins...)
 
 	if len(test.InstallerProperties.Test_suites) > 0 {
diff --git a/cmd/release_config/release_config_lib/flag_artifact.go b/cmd/release_config/release_config_lib/flag_artifact.go
index cfac7d7..93c50cd 100644
--- a/cmd/release_config/release_config_lib/flag_artifact.go
+++ b/cmd/release_config/release_config_lib/flag_artifact.go
@@ -116,20 +116,20 @@
 	if path != "" {
 		LoadMessage(path, ret)
 	} else {
-		ret.FlagDeclarationArtifacts = []*rc_proto.FlagDeclarationArtifact{}
+		ret.FlagDeclarationArtifactList = []*rc_proto.FlagDeclarationArtifact{}
 	}
 	return ret
 }
 
 func (fas *FlagArtifacts) GenerateFlagDeclarationArtifacts(intermediates []*rc_proto.FlagDeclarationArtifacts) *rc_proto.FlagDeclarationArtifacts {
-	ret := &rc_proto.FlagDeclarationArtifacts{FlagDeclarationArtifacts: []*rc_proto.FlagDeclarationArtifact{}}
+	ret := &rc_proto.FlagDeclarationArtifacts{FlagDeclarationArtifactList: []*rc_proto.FlagDeclarationArtifact{}}
 	for _, fa := range *fas {
-		ret.FlagDeclarationArtifacts = append(ret.FlagDeclarationArtifacts, fa.GenerateFlagDeclarationArtifact())
+		ret.FlagDeclarationArtifactList = append(ret.FlagDeclarationArtifactList, fa.GenerateFlagDeclarationArtifact())
 	}
 	for _, fda := range intermediates {
-		ret.FlagDeclarationArtifacts = append(ret.FlagDeclarationArtifacts, fda.FlagDeclarationArtifacts...)
+		ret.FlagDeclarationArtifactList = append(ret.FlagDeclarationArtifactList, fda.FlagDeclarationArtifactList...)
 	}
-	slices.SortFunc(ret.FlagDeclarationArtifacts, func(a, b *rc_proto.FlagDeclarationArtifact) int {
+	slices.SortFunc(ret.FlagDeclarationArtifactList, func(a, b *rc_proto.FlagDeclarationArtifact) int {
 		return cmp.Compare(*a.Name, *b.Name)
 	})
 	return ret
diff --git a/cmd/release_config/release_config_lib/release_config.go b/cmd/release_config/release_config_lib/release_config.go
index 6d71d93..adf0e62 100644
--- a/cmd/release_config/release_config_lib/release_config.go
+++ b/cmd/release_config/release_config_lib/release_config.go
@@ -192,6 +192,7 @@
 
 	workflowManual := rc_proto.Workflow(rc_proto.Workflow_MANUAL)
 	myDirsMap := make(map[int]bool)
+	myValueDirsMap := make(map[int]bool)
 	if isBuildPrefix && releasePlatformVersion != nil {
 		if MarshalValue(releasePlatformVersion.Value) != strings.ToUpper(config.Name) {
 			value := FlagValue{
@@ -226,6 +227,8 @@
 			config.PriorStagesMap[priorStage] = true
 		}
 		myDirsMap[contrib.DeclarationIndex] = true
+		// This path *could* provide a value for this release config.
+		myValueDirsMap[contrib.DeclarationIndex] = true
 		if config.AconfigFlagsOnly {
 			// AconfigFlagsOnly allows very very few build flag values, all of them are part of aconfig flags.
 			allowedFlags := map[string]bool{
@@ -243,10 +246,13 @@
 			if !ok {
 				return fmt.Errorf("Setting value for undefined flag %s in %s\n", name, value.path)
 			}
+			// Record that flag declarations from fa.DeclarationIndex were included in this release config.
 			myDirsMap[fa.DeclarationIndex] = true
+			// Do not set myValueDirsMap, since it just records that we *could* provide values here.
 			if fa.DeclarationIndex > contrib.DeclarationIndex {
 				// Setting location is to the left of declaration.
-				return fmt.Errorf("Setting value for flag %s not allowed in %s\n", name, value.path)
+				return fmt.Errorf("Setting value for flag %s (declared in %s) not allowed in %s\n",
+					name, filepath.Dir(configs.ReleaseConfigMaps[fa.DeclarationIndex].path), value.path)
 			}
 			if isRoot && *fa.FlagDeclaration.Workflow != workflowManual {
 				// The "root" release config can only contain workflow: MANUAL flags.
@@ -273,10 +279,14 @@
 	releaseAconfigValueSets.Value = &rc_proto.Value{Val: &rc_proto.Value_StringValue{strings.TrimSpace(strings.Join(myAconfigValueSets, " "))}}
 
 	directories := []string{}
+	valueDirectories := []string{}
 	for idx, confDir := range configs.configDirs {
 		if _, ok := myDirsMap[idx]; ok {
 			directories = append(directories, confDir)
 		}
+		if _, ok := myValueDirsMap[idx]; ok {
+			valueDirectories = append(valueDirectories, confDir)
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Now build the per-partition artifacts
@@ -316,6 +326,7 @@
 		AconfigValueSets: myAconfigValueSets,
 		Inherits:         myInherits,
 		Directories:      directories,
+		ValueDirectories: valueDirectories,
 		PriorStages:      SortedMapKeys(config.PriorStagesMap),
 	}
 
diff --git a/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_declarations.pb.go b/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_declarations.pb.go
index 73a7e87..d2de89a 100644
--- a/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_declarations.pb.go
+++ b/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_declarations.pb.go
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 
 	// The artifacts
-	FlagDeclarationArtifacts []*FlagDeclarationArtifact `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=flag_declaration_artifacts,json=flagDeclarationArtifacts" json:"flag_declaration_artifacts,omitempty"`
+	FlagDeclarationArtifactList []*FlagDeclarationArtifact `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=flag_declaration_artifact_list,json=flagDeclarationArtifactList" json:"flag_declaration_artifact_list,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *FlagDeclarationArtifacts) Reset() {
@@ -172,9 +172,9 @@
 	return file_build_flags_declarations_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{1}
 }
 
-func (x *FlagDeclarationArtifacts) GetFlagDeclarationArtifacts() []*FlagDeclarationArtifact {
+func (x *FlagDeclarationArtifacts) GetFlagDeclarationArtifactList() []*FlagDeclarationArtifact {
 	if x != nil {
-		return x.FlagDeclarationArtifacts
+		return x.FlagDeclarationArtifactList
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -204,20 +204,20 @@
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+	0x64, 0x2f, 0x73, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x2f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x5f,
+	0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x2f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x5f, 0x63,
+	0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x5f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f,
 }
 
 var (
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@
 }
 var file_build_flags_declarations_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	2, // 0: android.release_config_proto.flag_declaration_artifact.workflow:type_name -> android.release_config_proto.workflow
-	0, // 1: android.release_config_proto.flag_declaration_artifacts.flag_declaration_artifacts:type_name -> android.release_config_proto.flag_declaration_artifact
+	0, // 1: android.release_config_proto.flag_declaration_artifacts.flag_declaration_artifact_list:type_name -> android.release_config_proto.flag_declaration_artifact
 	2, // [2:2] is the sub-list for method output_type
 	2, // [2:2] is the sub-list for method input_type
 	2, // [2:2] is the sub-list for extension type_name
diff --git a/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_declarations.proto b/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_declarations.proto
index e0cf099..233158e 100644
--- a/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_declarations.proto
+++ b/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_declarations.proto
@@ -71,5 +71,5 @@
 
 message flag_declaration_artifacts {
   // The artifacts
-  repeated flag_declaration_artifact flag_declaration_artifacts = 1;
+  repeated flag_declaration_artifact flag_declaration_artifact_list = 1;
 }
diff --git a/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_out.pb.go b/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_out.pb.go
index b246eb6..c63ea26 100644
--- a/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_out.pb.go
+++ b/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_out.pb.go
@@ -223,12 +223,18 @@
 	// The names of the release_config_artifacts from which we inherited.
 	// Included for reference only.
 	Inherits []string `protobuf:"bytes,5,rep,name=inherits" json:"inherits,omitempty"`
-	// The release config directories used for this config.
+	// The release config directories used for this config.  This includes
+	// directories that provide flag declarations, but do not provide any flag
+	// values specific to this release config.
 	// For example, "build/release".
 	Directories []string `protobuf:"bytes,6,rep,name=directories" json:"directories,omitempty"`
 	// Prior stage(s) for flag advancement (during development).
 	// Once a flag has met criteria in a prior stage, it can advance to this one.
 	PriorStages []string `protobuf:"bytes,7,rep,name=prior_stages,json=priorStages" json:"prior_stages,omitempty"`
+	// The release config directories that contribute directly to this release
+	// config.  The listed directories contain at least a `release_config` message
+	// for this release config.
+	ValueDirectories []string `protobuf:"bytes,8,rep,name=value_directories,json=valueDirectories" json:"value_directories,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *ReleaseConfigArtifact) Reset() {
@@ -312,6 +318,13 @@
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (x *ReleaseConfigArtifact) GetValueDirectories() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.ValueDirectories
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 type ReleaseConfigsArtifact struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
@@ -412,7 +425,7 @@
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@@ -431,42 +444,44 @@
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-	0x70, 0x52, 0x05, 0x76, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x75, 0x65, 0x3a, 0x02, 0x38, 0x01, 0x42, 0x33, 0x5a, 0x31,
-	0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x69, 0x64, 0x2f, 0x73, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x2f, 0x72, 0x65,
-	0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x5f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x2f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6c,
-	0x65, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x5f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x5f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74,
-	0x6f,
+	0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x73, 0x5f, 0x61, 0x72, 0x74, 0x69, 0x66, 0x61, 0x63, 0x74, 0x2e, 0x52,
+	0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x4d, 0x61, 0x70, 0x73,
+	0x4d, 0x61, 0x70, 0x45, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x72, 0x79, 0x52, 0x14, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73,
+	0x65, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x4d, 0x61, 0x70, 0x73, 0x4d, 0x61, 0x70, 0x1a, 0x79,
+	0x0a, 0x19, 0x52, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x4d,
+	0x61, 0x70, 0x73, 0x4d, 0x61, 0x70, 0x45, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x72, 0x79, 0x12, 0x10, 0x0a, 0x03, 0x6b,
+	0x65, 0x79, 0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x03, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x79, 0x12, 0x46, 0x0a,
+	0x05, 0x76, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x75, 0x65, 0x18, 0x02, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x0b, 0x32, 0x30, 0x2e, 0x61,
+	0x6e, 0x64, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x69, 0x64, 0x2e, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x5f, 0x63,
+	0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x5f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x2e, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65,
+	0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x5f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x5f, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x70, 0x52, 0x05,
+	0x76, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x75, 0x65, 0x3a, 0x02, 0x38, 0x01, 0x42, 0x33, 0x5a, 0x31, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64,
+	0x72, 0x6f, 0x69, 0x64, 0x2f, 0x73, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x2f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61,
+	0x73, 0x65, 0x5f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x2f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73,
+	0x65, 0x5f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x5f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f,
 }
 
 var (
diff --git a/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_out.proto b/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_out.proto
index 2f1715b..4dc84e9 100644
--- a/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_out.proto
+++ b/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_out.proto
@@ -82,13 +82,20 @@
   // Included for reference only.
   repeated string inherits = 5;
 
-  // The release config directories used for this config.
+  // The release config directories used for this config.  This includes
+  // directories that provide flag declarations, but do not provide any flag
+  // values specific to this release config.
   // For example, "build/release".
   repeated string directories = 6;
 
   // Prior stage(s) for flag advancement (during development).
   // Once a flag has met criteria in a prior stage, it can advance to this one.
   repeated string prior_stages = 7;
+
+  // The release config directories that contribute directly to this release
+  // config.  The listed directories contain at least a `release_config` message
+  // for this release config.
+  repeated string value_directories = 8;
 }
 
 message release_configs_artifact {
diff --git a/dexpreopt/dexpreopt.go b/dexpreopt/dexpreopt.go
index 93351f1..201515f 100644
--- a/dexpreopt/dexpreopt.go
+++ b/dexpreopt/dexpreopt.go
@@ -527,12 +527,12 @@
 		return false
 	}
 
-	if contains(global.SpeedApps, name) || contains(global.SystemServerApps, name) {
+	if contains(global.SystemServerApps, name) {
 		return false
 	}
 
 	for _, f := range global.PatternsOnSystemOther {
-		if makefileMatch(filepath.Join(SystemPartition, f), dexLocation) {
+		if makefileMatch("/" + f, dexLocation) || makefileMatch(filepath.Join(SystemPartition, f), dexLocation) {
 			return true
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/dexpreopt/dexpreopt_test.go b/dexpreopt/dexpreopt_test.go
index eff2416..6f7d3bb 100644
--- a/dexpreopt/dexpreopt_test.go
+++ b/dexpreopt/dexpreopt_test.go
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@
 			moduleTests: []moduleTest{
 				{module: systemModule, expectedPartition: "system_other/system"},
 				{module: systemProductModule, expectedPartition: "system_other/system/product"},
-				{module: productModule, expectedPartition: "product"},
+				{module: productModule, expectedPartition: "system_other/product"},
 			},
 		},
 	}
diff --git a/docs/java.dot b/docs/java.dot
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad7628d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/java.dot
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+digraph java {
+	//rankdir="LR";
+	//splines="false";
+	//cluster=true;
+	//node [ ordering="in" ];
+	node [ shape="rect" style="rounded" color="blue" ];
+
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib_java_sources [ label="library\njava sources" group="lib" ];
+		lib2_java_sources [ label="library\njava sources" group="lib2" ];
+		app_java_sources [ label="app\njava sources" group="app" ];
+	}
+
+	node [ group="lib"];
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib_java_classes [ label="library java\n.class files" ];
+		lib_java_headers [ label="library java\nheader .class files" ];
+	}
+
+	node [ group="lib2"];
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib_spacer [ style=invis width=4 ];
+		lib2_java_classes [ label="library java\n.class files" ];
+		lib2_java_headers [ label="library java\nheader .class files" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib2_combined_classes [ label="combined library\n.class files" ];
+		lib2_combined_headers [ label="combined library\nheader .class files" ];
+	}
+
+	node [ group="app"];
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib2_spacer [ style=invis width=4 ];
+		app_java_classes [ label="app java\n.class files" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		app_combined_classes [ label="combined app and library\n.class files" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		app_dex [ label="app classes.dex files" ];
+	}
+
+
+	node [ shape="rect" style="" color="black" ];
+	node [ group="lib"];
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib_turbine_action [ label="turbine" ];
+		lib_javac_action [ label="javac" ];
+	}
+
+	node [ group="lib2"];
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib2_turbine_action [ label="turbine" ];
+		lib2_javac_action [ label="javac" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib2_combine_action [ label="merge_zips" ];
+		lib2_combine_headers_action [ label="merge_zips" ];
+	}
+
+	node [ group="app"];
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		app_javac_action [ label="javac" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		app_combine_action [ label="merge_zips" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		app_r8_action [ label="r8" ];
+	}
+
+	// library
+
+	lib_java_sources -> lib_turbine_action [ weight=100 ];
+	lib_turbine_action -> lib_java_headers [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_java_sources -> lib_javac_action [ weight=1000 ];
+	lib_javac_action -> lib_java_classes [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_java_headers -> lib_spacer [ style=invis ];
+
+	// library 2
+
+	lib_java_headers -> lib2_turbine_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_java_sources -> lib2_turbine_action [ weight=100 ];
+	lib2_turbine_action -> lib2_java_headers [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_java_headers -> lib2_javac_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_java_sources -> lib2_javac_action [ weight=1000 ];
+	lib2_javac_action ->lib2_java_classes [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_java_classes -> lib2_combine_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_java_classes -> lib2_combine_action [ weight=100 ];
+	lib2_combine_action -> lib2_combined_classes [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_java_headers -> lib2_combine_headers_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_java_headers -> lib2_combine_headers_action [ weight=100 ];
+	lib2_combine_headers_action -> lib2_combined_headers [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib2_combined_headers -> lib2_spacer [ style=invis ];
+
+	// app
+
+	lib2_combined_headers -> app_javac_action [ weight=0 ];
+	app_java_sources -> app_javac_action [ weight=1000 ];
+	app_javac_action -> app_java_classes [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib2_combined_classes -> app_combine_action [ weight=0 ];
+	app_java_classes -> app_combine_action [ weight=100 ];
+	app_combine_action -> app_combined_classes [ weight=100 ];
+
+	app_combined_classes -> app_r8_action;
+	app_r8_action -> app_dex [ weight=100 ];
+}
diff --git a/docs/kotlin.dot b/docs/kotlin.dot
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a23c16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/kotlin.dot
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+digraph java {
+	//rankdir="LR";
+	//splines="false";
+	//cluster=true;
+	ranksep="0.75 equally"
+	//node [ ordering="in" ];
+	node [ shape="rect" style="rounded" color="blue" ];
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib_java_sources [ label="library\njava sources" group="lib" ];
+		lib_kotlin_sources [ label="library\nkotlin sources" group="lib" ];
+		lib2_java_sources [ label="library\njava sources" group="lib2" ];
+		lib2_kotlin_sources [ label="library\nkotlin sources" group="lib2" ];
+		app_java_sources [ label="app\njava sources" group="app" ];
+		app_kotlin_sources [ label="app\nkotlin sources" group="app" ];
+	}
+
+	node [ group="lib"];
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib_kotlin_classes [ label="library kotlin\n.class files" ];
+		lib_kotlin_headers [ label="library kotlin\nheader .class files" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib_java_classes [ label="library java\n.class files" ];
+		lib_java_headers [ label="library java\nheader .class files" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib_combined_classes [ label="combined library\n.class files" ];
+		lib_combined_headers [ label="combined library\nheader .class files" ];
+	}
+
+	node [ group="lib2"];
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib_spacer [ style=invis width=4 ];
+		lib2_kotlin_classes [ label="library kotlin\n.class files" ];
+		lib2_kotlin_headers [ label="library kotlin\nheader .class files" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib2_java_classes [ label="library java\n.class files" ];
+		lib2_java_headers [ label="library java\nheader .class files" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib2_combined_classes [ label="combined library\n.class files" ];
+		lib2_combined_headers [ label="combined library\nheader .class files" ];
+	}
+
+	node [ group="app"];
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib2_spacer [ style=invis width=4 ];
+		app_kotlin_classes [ label="app kotlin\n.class files" ];
+		app_kotlin_headers [ label="app kotlin\nheader .class files" ]	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		app_java_classes [ label="app java\n.class files" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		app_combined_classes [ label="combined app and library\n.class files" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		app_dex [ label="app classes.dex files" ];
+	}
+
+
+	node [ shape="rect" style="" color="black" ];
+	node [ group="lib"];
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib_kotlinc_action [ label="kotlinc" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib_turbine_action [ label="turbine" ];
+		lib_javac_action [ label="javac" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib_combine_action [ label="merge_zips" ];
+		lib_combine_headers_action [ label="merge_zips" ];
+	}
+
+	node [ group="lib2"];
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib2_kotlinc_action [ label="kotlinc" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib2_turbine_action [ label="turbine" ];
+		lib2_javac_action [ label="javac" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib2_combine_action [ label="merge_zips" ];
+		lib2_combine_headers_action [ label="merge_zips" ];
+	}
+
+	node [ group="app"];
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		app_kotlinc_action [ label="kotlinc" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		app_javac_action [ label="javac" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		app_combine_action [ label="merge_zips" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		app_r8_action [ label="r8" ];
+	}
+
+	// library
+
+	lib_kotlin_sources -> lib_kotlinc_action [ weight=100 ];
+	lib_java_sources -> lib_kotlinc_action;
+	lib_kotlinc_action -> lib_kotlin_classes, lib_kotlin_headers [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_kotlin_headers -> lib_turbine_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib_java_sources -> lib_turbine_action [ weight=100 ];
+	lib_turbine_action -> lib_java_headers [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_kotlin_headers -> lib_javac_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib_java_sources -> lib_javac_action [ weight=1000 ];
+	lib_javac_action -> lib_java_classes [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_kotlin_classes -> lib_combine_action [ weight = 0 ];
+	lib_java_classes -> lib_combine_action [ weight = 100 ];
+	lib_combine_action -> lib_combined_classes [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_kotlin_headers -> lib_combine_headers_action [ weight = 0 ];
+	lib_java_headers -> lib_combine_headers_action [ weight = 100 ];
+	lib_combine_headers_action -> lib_combined_headers [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_combined_headers -> lib_spacer [ style=invis ];
+
+	// library 2
+
+	lib_combined_headers -> lib2_kotlinc_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_kotlin_sources -> lib2_kotlinc_action [ weight=100 ];
+	lib2_java_sources  -> lib2_kotlinc_action;
+	lib2_kotlinc_action -> lib2_kotlin_classes, lib2_kotlin_headers [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_combined_headers -> lib2_turbine_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_kotlin_headers -> lib2_turbine_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_java_sources -> lib2_turbine_action [ weight=100 ];
+	lib2_turbine_action -> lib2_java_headers [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_combined_headers -> lib2_javac_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_kotlin_headers -> lib2_javac_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_java_sources -> lib2_javac_action [ weight=1000 ];
+	lib2_javac_action ->lib2_java_classes [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_combined_classes -> lib2_combine_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_kotlin_classes -> lib2_combine_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_java_classes -> lib2_combine_action [ weight=100 ];
+	lib2_combine_action -> lib2_combined_classes [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_combined_headers -> lib2_combine_headers_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_kotlin_headers -> lib2_combine_headers_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_java_headers -> lib2_combine_headers_action [ weight=100 ];
+	lib2_combine_headers_action -> lib2_combined_headers [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib2_combined_headers -> lib2_spacer [ style=invis ];
+
+	// app
+
+	lib2_combined_headers -> app_kotlinc_action [ weight=0 ];
+	app_kotlin_sources -> app_kotlinc_action [ weight=100 ];
+	app_java_sources -> app_kotlinc_action;
+	app_kotlinc_action -> app_kotlin_headers, app_kotlin_classes [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib2_combined_headers -> app_javac_action [ weight=0 ];
+	app_kotlin_headers -> app_javac_action [ weight=0 ];
+	app_java_sources -> app_javac_action [ weight=1000 ];
+	app_javac_action -> app_java_classes [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib2_combined_classes -> app_combine_action [ weight=0 ];
+	app_kotlin_classes -> app_combine_action [ weight=0 ];
+	app_java_classes -> app_combine_action [ weight=100 ];
+	app_combine_action -> app_combined_classes [ weight=100 ];
+
+	app_combined_classes -> app_r8_action;
+	app_r8_action -> app_dex [ weight=100 ];
+}
diff --git a/docs/kotlin_with_annotation_processors.dot b/docs/kotlin_with_annotation_processors.dot
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70c9bf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/kotlin_with_annotation_processors.dot
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+digraph java {
+	//rankdir="LR";
+	//splines="false";
+	//cluster=true;
+	ranksep="0.75 equally"
+	//node [ ordering="in" ];
+	node [ shape="rect" style="rounded" color="blue" ];
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib_java_sources [ label="library\njava sources" group="lib" ];
+		lib_kotlin_sources [ label="library\nkotlin sources" group="lib" ];
+		lib2_java_sources [ label="library\njava sources" group="lib2" ];
+		lib2_kotlin_sources [ label="library\nkotlin sources" group="lib2" ];
+		app_java_sources [ label="app\njava sources" group="app" ];
+		app_kotlin_sources [ label="app\nkotlin sources" group="app" ];
+	}
+
+	node [ group="lib"];
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib_kotlin_stubs [ label="library\nkotlin stubs" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib_apt_src_jar [ label="library annotation\nprocessor sources" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib_kotlin_classes [ label="library kotlin\n.class files" ];
+		lib_kotlin_headers [ label="library kotlin\nheader .class files" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib_java_classes [ label="library java\n.class files" ];
+		lib_java_headers [ label="library java\nheader .class files" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib_combined_classes [ label="combined library\n.class files" ];
+		lib_combined_headers [ label="combined library\nheader .class files" ];
+	}
+
+	node [ group="lib2"];
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib_spacer [ style=invis width=4 ];
+		lib2_kotlin_stubs [ label="library\nkotlin stubs" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib2_apt_src_jar [ label="library annotation\nprocessor sources" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib2_kotlin_classes [ label="library kotlin\n.class files" ];
+		lib2_kotlin_headers [ label="library kotlin\nheader .class files" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib2_java_classes [ label="library java\n.class files" ];
+		lib2_java_headers [ label="library java\nheader .class files" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib2_combined_classes [ label="combined library\n.class files" ];
+		lib2_combined_headers [ label="combined library\nheader .class files" ];
+	}
+
+	node [ group="app"];
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib2_spacer [ style=invis width=4 ];
+		app_kotlin_stubs [ label="app\nkotlin stubs" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		app_apt_src_jar [ label="app annotation\nprocessor sources" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		app_kotlin_classes [ label="app kotlin\n.class files" ];
+		app_kotlin_headers [ label="app kotlin\nheader .class files" ]	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		app_java_classes [ label="app java\n.class files" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		app_combined_classes [ label="combined app and library\n.class files" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		app_dex [ label="app classes.dex files" ];
+	}
+
+
+	node [ shape="rect" style="" color="black" ];
+	node [ group="lib"];
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib_kapt_action [ label="kapt" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib_turbine_apt_action [ label="turbine apt" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib_kotlinc_action [ label="kotlinc" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib_turbine_action [ label="turbine" ];
+		lib_javac_action [ label="javac" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib_combine_action [ label="merge_zips" ];
+		lib_combine_headers_action [ label="merge_zips" ];
+	}
+
+	node [ group="lib2"];
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib2_kapt_action [ label="kapt" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib2_turbine_apt_action [ label="turbine apt" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib2_kotlinc_action [ label="kotlinc" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib2_turbine_action [ label="turbine" ];
+		lib2_javac_action [ label="javac" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		lib2_combine_action [ label="merge_zips" ];
+		lib2_combine_headers_action [ label="merge_zips" ];
+	}
+
+	node [ group="app"];
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		app_kapt_action [ label="kapt" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		app_turbine_apt_action [ label="turbine apt" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		app_kotlinc_action [ label="kotlinc" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		app_javac_action [ label="javac" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		app_combine_action [ label="merge_zips" ];
+	}
+	{
+		rank="same";
+		app_r8_action [ label="r8" ];
+	}
+
+	// library
+
+	lib_kotlin_sources -> lib_kapt_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib_java_sources -> lib_kapt_action;
+	lib_kapt_action -> lib_kotlin_stubs [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_kotlin_stubs -> lib_turbine_apt_action [ weight=100 ];
+	lib_turbine_apt_action -> lib_apt_src_jar [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_apt_src_jar -> lib_kotlinc_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib_kotlin_sources -> lib_kotlinc_action [ weight=100 ];
+	lib_java_sources -> lib_kotlinc_action;
+	lib_kotlinc_action -> lib_kotlin_classes, lib_kotlin_headers [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_apt_src_jar -> lib_turbine_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib_kotlin_headers -> lib_turbine_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib_java_sources -> lib_turbine_action [ weight=100 ];
+	lib_turbine_action -> lib_java_headers [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_apt_src_jar -> lib_javac_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib_kotlin_headers -> lib_javac_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib_java_sources -> lib_javac_action [ weight=1000 ];
+	lib_javac_action -> lib_java_classes [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_kotlin_classes -> lib_combine_action [ weight = 0 ];
+	lib_java_classes -> lib_combine_action [ weight = 100 ];
+	lib_combine_action -> lib_combined_classes [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_kotlin_headers -> lib_combine_headers_action [ weight = 0 ];
+	lib_java_headers -> lib_combine_headers_action [ weight = 100 ];
+	lib_combine_headers_action -> lib_combined_headers [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_combined_headers -> lib_spacer [ style=invis ];
+
+	// library 2
+
+	lib_combined_headers -> lib2_kapt_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_kotlin_sources -> lib2_kapt_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_java_sources -> lib2_kapt_action;
+	lib2_kapt_action -> lib2_kotlin_stubs [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_combined_headers -> lib2_turbine_apt_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_kotlin_stubs -> lib2_turbine_apt_action [ weight=100 ];
+	lib2_turbine_apt_action -> lib2_apt_src_jar [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_combined_headers -> lib2_kotlinc_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_apt_src_jar -> lib2_kotlinc_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_kotlin_sources -> lib2_kotlinc_action [ weight=100 ];
+	lib2_java_sources  -> lib2_kotlinc_action;
+	lib2_kotlinc_action -> lib2_kotlin_classes, lib2_kotlin_headers [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_combined_headers -> lib2_turbine_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_apt_src_jar -> lib2_turbine_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_kotlin_headers -> lib2_turbine_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_java_sources -> lib2_turbine_action [ weight=100 ];
+	lib2_turbine_action -> lib2_java_headers [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_combined_headers -> lib2_javac_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_apt_src_jar -> lib2_javac_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_kotlin_headers -> lib2_javac_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_java_sources -> lib2_javac_action [ weight=1000 ];
+	lib2_javac_action ->lib2_java_classes [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_combined_classes -> lib2_combine_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_kotlin_classes -> lib2_combine_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_java_classes -> lib2_combine_action [ weight=100 ];
+	lib2_combine_action -> lib2_combined_classes [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib_combined_headers -> lib2_combine_headers_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_kotlin_headers -> lib2_combine_headers_action [ weight=0 ];
+	lib2_java_headers -> lib2_combine_headers_action [ weight=100 ];
+	lib2_combine_headers_action -> lib2_combined_headers [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib2_combined_headers -> lib2_spacer [ style=invis ];
+
+	// app
+
+	lib2_combined_headers -> app_kapt_action [ weight=0 ];
+	app_kotlin_sources -> app_kapt_action [ weight=0 ];
+	app_java_sources -> app_kapt_action;
+	app_kapt_action -> app_kotlin_stubs [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib2_combined_headers -> app_turbine_apt_action [ weight=0 ];
+	app_kotlin_stubs -> app_turbine_apt_action [ weight=100 ];
+	app_turbine_apt_action -> app_apt_src_jar [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib2_combined_headers -> app_kotlinc_action [ weight=0 ];
+	app_apt_src_jar -> app_kotlinc_action [ weight=0 ];
+	app_kotlin_sources -> app_kotlinc_action [ weight=100 ];
+	app_java_sources -> app_kotlinc_action;
+	app_kotlinc_action -> app_kotlin_headers, app_kotlin_classes [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib2_combined_headers -> app_javac_action [ weight=0 ];
+	app_apt_src_jar -> app_javac_action [ weight=0 ];
+	app_kotlin_headers -> app_javac_action [ weight=0 ];
+	app_java_sources -> app_javac_action [ weight=1000 ];
+	app_javac_action -> app_java_classes [ weight=100 ];
+
+	lib2_combined_classes -> app_combine_action [ weight=0 ];
+	app_kotlin_classes -> app_combine_action [ weight=0 ];
+	app_java_classes -> app_combine_action [ weight=100 ];
+	app_combine_action -> app_combined_classes [ weight=100 ];
+
+	app_combined_classes -> app_r8_action;
+	app_r8_action -> app_dex [ weight=100 ];
+}
diff --git a/etc/Android.bp b/etc/Android.bp
index 97788e4..f02c12a 100644
--- a/etc/Android.bp
+++ b/etc/Android.bp
@@ -11,8 +11,9 @@
         "soong-android",
     ],
     srcs: [
-        "prebuilt_etc.go",
         "install_symlink.go",
+        "otacerts_zip.go",
+        "prebuilt_etc.go",
     ],
     testSrcs: [
         "prebuilt_etc_test.go",
diff --git a/etc/otacerts_zip.go b/etc/otacerts_zip.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6f175a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/etc/otacerts_zip.go
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+// Copyright 2024 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package etc
+
+import (
+	"android/soong/android"
+
+	"github.com/google/blueprint/proptools"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	RegisterOtacertsZipBuildComponents(android.InitRegistrationContext)
+}
+
+func RegisterOtacertsZipBuildComponents(ctx android.RegistrationContext) {
+	ctx.RegisterModuleType("otacerts_zip", otacertsZipFactory)
+}
+
+type otacertsZipProperties struct {
+	// Make this module available when building for recovery.
+	// Only the recovery partition is available.
+	Recovery_available *bool
+
+	// Optional subdirectory under which the zip file is installed into.
+	Relative_install_path *string
+
+	// Optional name for the installed file. If unspecified, otacerts.zip is used.
+	Filename *string
+}
+
+type otacertsZipModule struct {
+	android.ModuleBase
+
+	properties otacertsZipProperties
+	outputPath android.OutputPath
+}
+
+// otacerts_zip collects key files defined in PRODUCT_DEFAULT_DEV_CERTIFICATE
+// and PRODUCT_EXTRA_OTA_KEYS for system or PRODUCT_EXTRA_RECOVERY_KEYS for
+// recovery image. The output file (otacerts.zip by default) is installed into
+// the relative_install_path directory under the etc directory of the target
+// partition.
+func otacertsZipFactory() android.Module {
+	module := &otacertsZipModule{}
+	module.AddProperties(&module.properties)
+	android.InitAndroidArchModule(module, android.DeviceSupported, android.MultilibCommon)
+	return module
+}
+
+var _ android.ImageInterface = (*otacertsZipModule)(nil)
+
+func (m *otacertsZipModule) ImageMutatorBegin(ctx android.BaseModuleContext) {}
+
+func (m *otacertsZipModule) VendorVariantNeeded(ctx android.BaseModuleContext) bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+func (m *otacertsZipModule) ProductVariantNeeded(ctx android.BaseModuleContext) bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+func (m *otacertsZipModule) CoreVariantNeeded(ctx android.BaseModuleContext) bool {
+	return !m.ModuleBase.InstallInRecovery()
+}
+
+func (m *otacertsZipModule) RamdiskVariantNeeded(ctx android.BaseModuleContext) bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+func (m *otacertsZipModule) VendorRamdiskVariantNeeded(ctx android.BaseModuleContext) bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+func (m *otacertsZipModule) DebugRamdiskVariantNeeded(ctx android.BaseModuleContext) bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+func (m *otacertsZipModule) RecoveryVariantNeeded(ctx android.BaseModuleContext) bool {
+	return proptools.Bool(m.properties.Recovery_available) || m.ModuleBase.InstallInRecovery()
+}
+
+func (m *otacertsZipModule) ExtraImageVariations(ctx android.BaseModuleContext) []string {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *otacertsZipModule) SetImageVariation(ctx android.BaseModuleContext, variation string) {
+}
+
+func (m *otacertsZipModule) InRecovery() bool {
+	return m.ModuleBase.InRecovery() || m.ModuleBase.InstallInRecovery()
+}
+
+func (m *otacertsZipModule) InstallInRecovery() bool {
+	return m.InRecovery()
+}
+
+func (m *otacertsZipModule) outputFileName() string {
+	// Use otacerts.zip if not specified.
+	return proptools.StringDefault(m.properties.Filename, "otacerts.zip")
+}
+
+func (m *otacertsZipModule) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext) {
+	// Read .x509.pem file defined in PRODUCT_DEFAULT_DEV_CERTIFICATE or the default test key.
+	pem, _ := ctx.Config().DefaultAppCertificate(ctx)
+	// Read .x509.pem files listed  in PRODUCT_EXTRA_OTA_KEYS or PRODUCT_EXTRA_RECOVERY_KEYS.
+	extras := ctx.Config().ExtraOtaKeys(ctx, m.InRecovery())
+	srcPaths := append([]android.SourcePath{pem}, extras...)
+	m.outputPath = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, m.outputFileName()).OutputPath
+
+	rule := android.NewRuleBuilder(pctx, ctx)
+	cmd := rule.Command().BuiltTool("soong_zip").
+		FlagWithOutput("-o ", m.outputPath).
+		Flag("-j ").
+		Flag("-symlinks=false ")
+	for _, src := range srcPaths {
+		cmd.FlagWithInput("-f ", src)
+	}
+	rule.Build(ctx.ModuleName(), "Generating the otacerts zip file")
+
+	installPath := android.PathForModuleInstall(ctx, "etc", proptools.String(m.properties.Relative_install_path))
+	ctx.InstallFile(installPath, m.outputFileName(), m.outputPath)
+}
+
+func (m *otacertsZipModule) AndroidMkEntries() []android.AndroidMkEntries {
+	nameSuffix := ""
+	if m.InRecovery() {
+		nameSuffix = ".recovery"
+	}
+	return []android.AndroidMkEntries{android.AndroidMkEntries{
+		Class:      "ETC",
+		SubName:    nameSuffix,
+		OutputFile: android.OptionalPathForPath(m.outputPath),
+	}}
+}
diff --git a/etc/prebuilt_etc.go b/etc/prebuilt_etc.go
index 5a4818f..fc6d1f7 100644
--- a/etc/prebuilt_etc.go
+++ b/etc/prebuilt_etc.go
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("prebuilt_etc", PrebuiltEtcFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("prebuilt_etc_host", PrebuiltEtcHostFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("prebuilt_etc_cacerts", PrebuiltEtcCaCertsFactory)
+	ctx.RegisterModuleType("prebuilt_avb", PrebuiltAvbFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("prebuilt_root", PrebuiltRootFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("prebuilt_root_host", PrebuiltRootHostFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("prebuilt_usr_share", PrebuiltUserShareFactory)
@@ -125,6 +126,15 @@
 	Relative_install_path *string `android:"arch_variant"`
 }
 
+type prebuiltRootProperties struct {
+	// Install this module to the root directory, without partition subdirs.  When this module is
+	// added to PRODUCT_PACKAGES, this module will be installed to $PRODUCT_OUT/root, which will
+	// then be copied to the root of system.img. When this module is packaged by other modules like
+	// android_filesystem, this module will be installed to the root ("/"), unlike normal
+	// prebuilt_root modules which are installed to the partition subdir (e.g. "/system/").
+	Install_in_root *bool
+}
+
 type PrebuiltEtcModule interface {
 	android.Module
 
@@ -139,7 +149,12 @@
 	android.ModuleBase
 	android.DefaultableModuleBase
 
-	properties       prebuiltEtcProperties
+	properties prebuiltEtcProperties
+
+	// rootProperties is used to return the value of the InstallInRoot() method. Currently, only
+	// prebuilt_avb and prebuilt_root modules use this.
+	rootProperties prebuiltRootProperties
+
 	subdirProperties prebuiltSubdirProperties
 
 	sourceFilePaths android.Paths
@@ -241,6 +256,10 @@
 	return proptools.Bool(p.properties.Debug_ramdisk_available) || p.ModuleBase.InstallInDebugRamdisk()
 }
 
+func (p *PrebuiltEtc) InstallInRoot() bool {
+	return proptools.Bool(p.rootProperties.Install_in_root)
+}
+
 func (p *PrebuiltEtc) RecoveryVariantNeeded(ctx android.BaseModuleContext) bool {
 	return proptools.Bool(p.properties.Recovery_available) || p.ModuleBase.InstallInRecovery()
 }
@@ -501,6 +520,13 @@
 func InitPrebuiltRootModule(p *PrebuiltEtc) {
 	p.installDirBase = "."
 	p.AddProperties(&p.properties)
+	p.AddProperties(&p.rootProperties)
+}
+
+func InitPrebuiltAvbModule(p *PrebuiltEtc) {
+	p.installDirBase = "avb"
+	p.AddProperties(&p.properties)
+	p.rootProperties.Install_in_root = proptools.BoolPtr(true)
 }
 
 // prebuilt_etc is for a prebuilt artifact that is installed in
@@ -553,6 +579,20 @@
 	return module
 }
 
+// Generally, a <partition> directory will contain a `system` subdirectory, but the <partition> of
+// `prebuilt_avb` will not have a `system` subdirectory.
+// Ultimately, prebuilt_avb will install the prebuilt artifact to the `avb` subdirectory under the
+// root directory of the partition: <partition_root>/avb.
+// prebuilt_avb does not allow adding any other subdirectories.
+func PrebuiltAvbFactory() android.Module {
+	module := &PrebuiltEtc{}
+	InitPrebuiltAvbModule(module)
+	// This module is device-only
+	android.InitAndroidArchModule(module, android.DeviceSupported, android.MultilibFirst)
+	android.InitDefaultableModule(module)
+	return module
+}
+
 // prebuilt_root is for a prebuilt artifact that is installed in
 // <partition>/ directory. Can't have any sub directories.
 func PrebuiltRootFactory() android.Module {
diff --git a/etc/prebuilt_etc_test.go b/etc/prebuilt_etc_test.go
index c44574a..e739afe 100644
--- a/etc/prebuilt_etc_test.go
+++ b/etc/prebuilt_etc_test.go
@@ -244,6 +244,31 @@
 	`)
 }
 
+func TestPrebuiltAvbInstallDirPath(t *testing.T) {
+	result := prepareForPrebuiltEtcTest.RunTestWithBp(t, `
+		prebuilt_avb {
+			name: "foo.conf",
+			src: "foo.conf",
+			filename: "foo.conf",
+			//recovery: true,
+		}
+	`)
+
+	p := result.Module("foo.conf", "android_arm64_armv8-a").(*PrebuiltEtc)
+	expected := "out/soong/target/product/test_device/root/avb"
+	android.AssertPathRelativeToTopEquals(t, "install dir", expected, p.installDirPath)
+}
+
+func TestPrebuiltAvdInstallDirPathValidate(t *testing.T) {
+	prepareForPrebuiltEtcTest.ExtendWithErrorHandler(android.FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern("filename cannot contain separator")).RunTestWithBp(t, `
+		prebuilt_avb {
+			name: "foo.conf",
+			src: "foo.conf",
+			filename: "foo/bar.conf",
+		}
+	`)
+}
+
 func TestPrebuiltUserShareInstallDirPath(t *testing.T) {
 	result := prepareForPrebuiltEtcTest.RunTestWithBp(t, `
 		prebuilt_usr_share {
diff --git a/filesystem/aconfig_files.go b/filesystem/aconfig_files.go
index 8daee85..5c047bc 100644
--- a/filesystem/aconfig_files.go
+++ b/filesystem/aconfig_files.go
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 import (
 	"android/soong/android"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/google/blueprint/proptools"
@@ -56,6 +55,7 @@
 	sb.WriteString(" \\\n")
 	sb.WriteString(sbCaches.String())
 	cmd.ImplicitOutput(installAconfigFlagsPath)
+	f.appendToEntry(ctx, installAconfigFlagsPath)
 
 	installAconfigStorageDir := dir.Join(ctx, "etc", "aconfig")
 	sb.WriteString("mkdir -p ")
@@ -63,16 +63,18 @@
 	sb.WriteRune('\n')
 
 	generatePartitionAconfigStorageFile := func(fileType, fileName string) {
+		outputPath := installAconfigStorageDir.Join(ctx, fileName)
 		sb.WriteString(aconfigToolPath.String())
 		sb.WriteString(" create-storage --container ")
 		sb.WriteString(f.PartitionType())
 		sb.WriteString(" --file ")
 		sb.WriteString(fileType)
 		sb.WriteString(" --out ")
-		sb.WriteString(filepath.Join(installAconfigStorageDir.String(), fileName))
+		sb.WriteString(outputPath.String())
 		sb.WriteString(" \\\n")
 		sb.WriteString(sbCaches.String())
-		cmd.ImplicitOutput(installAconfigStorageDir.Join(ctx, fileName))
+		cmd.ImplicitOutput(outputPath)
+		f.appendToEntry(ctx, outputPath)
 	}
 	generatePartitionAconfigStorageFile("package_map", "package.map")
 	generatePartitionAconfigStorageFile("flag_map", "flag.map")
diff --git a/filesystem/filesystem.go b/filesystem/filesystem.go
index c889dd6..5c7ef43 100644
--- a/filesystem/filesystem.go
+++ b/filesystem/filesystem.go
@@ -60,7 +60,9 @@
 	output     android.OutputPath
 	installDir android.InstallPath
 
-	// For testing. Keeps the result of CopySpecsToDir()
+	fileListFile android.OutputPath
+
+	// Keeps the entries installed from this filesystem
 	entries []string
 }
 
@@ -221,8 +223,26 @@
 
 	f.installDir = android.PathForModuleInstall(ctx, "etc")
 	ctx.InstallFile(f.installDir, f.installFileName(), f.output)
-
 	ctx.SetOutputFiles([]android.Path{f.output}, "")
+
+	f.fileListFile = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "fileList").OutputPath
+	android.WriteFileRule(ctx, f.fileListFile, f.installedFilesList())
+}
+
+func (f *filesystem) appendToEntry(ctx android.ModuleContext, installedFile android.OutputPath) {
+	partitionBaseDir := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "root", f.partitionName()).String() + "/"
+
+	relPath, inTargetPartition := strings.CutPrefix(installedFile.String(), partitionBaseDir)
+	if inTargetPartition {
+		f.entries = append(f.entries, relPath)
+	}
+}
+
+func (f *filesystem) installedFilesList() string {
+	installedFilePaths := android.FirstUniqueStrings(f.entries)
+	slices.Sort(installedFilePaths)
+
+	return strings.Join(installedFilePaths, "\n")
 }
 
 func validatePartitionType(ctx android.ModuleContext, p partition) {
@@ -269,17 +289,19 @@
 		builder.Command().Textf("(! [ -e %s -o -L %s ] || (echo \"%s already exists from an earlier stage of the build\" && exit 1))", dst, dst, dst)
 		builder.Command().Text("mkdir -p").Text(filepath.Dir(dst.String()))
 		builder.Command().Text("ln -sf").Text(proptools.ShellEscape(target)).Text(dst.String())
+		f.appendToEntry(ctx, dst)
 	}
 
 	// create extra files if there's any
 	if f.buildExtraFiles != nil {
 		rootForExtraFiles := android.PathForModuleGen(ctx, "root-extra").OutputPath
 		extraFiles := f.buildExtraFiles(ctx, rootForExtraFiles)
-		for _, f := range extraFiles {
-			rel, err := filepath.Rel(rootForExtraFiles.String(), f.String())
+		for _, extraFile := range extraFiles {
+			rel, err := filepath.Rel(rootForExtraFiles.String(), extraFile.String())
 			if err != nil || strings.HasPrefix(rel, "..") {
-				ctx.ModuleErrorf("can't make %q relative to %q", f, rootForExtraFiles)
+				ctx.ModuleErrorf("can't make %q relative to %q", extraFile, rootForExtraFiles)
 			}
+			f.appendToEntry(ctx, rootDir.Join(ctx, rel))
 		}
 		if len(extraFiles) > 0 {
 			builder.Command().BuiltTool("merge_directories").
@@ -290,6 +312,25 @@
 	}
 }
 
+func (f *filesystem) copyPackagingSpecs(ctx android.ModuleContext, builder *android.RuleBuilder, specs map[string]android.PackagingSpec, rootDir, rebasedDir android.WritablePath) []string {
+	rootDirSpecs := make(map[string]android.PackagingSpec)
+	rebasedDirSpecs := make(map[string]android.PackagingSpec)
+
+	for rel, spec := range specs {
+		if spec.Partition() == "root" {
+			rootDirSpecs[rel] = spec
+		} else {
+			rebasedDirSpecs[rel] = spec
+		}
+	}
+
+	dirsToSpecs := make(map[android.WritablePath]map[string]android.PackagingSpec)
+	dirsToSpecs[rootDir] = rootDirSpecs
+	dirsToSpecs[rebasedDir] = rebasedDirSpecs
+
+	return f.CopySpecsToDirs(ctx, builder, dirsToSpecs)
+}
+
 func (f *filesystem) buildImageUsingBuildImage(ctx android.ModuleContext) android.OutputPath {
 	rootDir := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "root").OutputPath
 	rebasedDir := rootDir
@@ -300,7 +341,7 @@
 	// Wipe the root dir to get rid of leftover files from prior builds
 	builder.Command().Textf("rm -rf %s && mkdir -p %s", rootDir, rootDir)
 	specs := f.gatherFilteredPackagingSpecs(ctx)
-	f.entries = f.CopySpecsToDir(ctx, builder, specs, rebasedDir)
+	f.entries = f.copyPackagingSpecs(ctx, builder, specs, rootDir, rebasedDir)
 
 	f.buildNonDepsFiles(ctx, builder, rootDir)
 	f.addMakeBuiltFiles(ctx, builder, rootDir)
@@ -443,7 +484,7 @@
 	// Wipe the root dir to get rid of leftover files from prior builds
 	builder.Command().Textf("rm -rf %s && mkdir -p %s", rootDir, rootDir)
 	specs := f.gatherFilteredPackagingSpecs(ctx)
-	f.entries = f.CopySpecsToDir(ctx, builder, specs, rebasedDir)
+	f.entries = f.copyPackagingSpecs(ctx, builder, specs, rootDir, rebasedDir)
 
 	f.buildNonDepsFiles(ctx, builder, rootDir)
 	f.buildFsverityMetadataFiles(ctx, builder, specs, rootDir, rebasedDir)
@@ -535,6 +576,8 @@
 	for _, path := range android.SortedKeys(logtagsFilePaths) {
 		cmd.Text(path)
 	}
+
+	f.appendToEntry(ctx, eventLogtagsPath)
 }
 
 type partition interface {
@@ -558,6 +601,7 @@
 			func(ctx android.AndroidMkExtraEntriesContext, entries *android.AndroidMkEntries) {
 				entries.SetString("LOCAL_MODULE_PATH", f.installDir.String())
 				entries.SetString("LOCAL_INSTALLED_MODULE_STEM", f.installFileName())
+				entries.SetString("LOCAL_FILESYSTEM_FILELIST", f.fileListFile.String())
 			},
 		},
 	}}
@@ -607,7 +651,7 @@
 
 var _ cc.UseCoverage = (*filesystem)(nil)
 
-func (*filesystem) IsNativeCoverageNeeded(ctx android.IncomingTransitionContext) bool {
+func (*filesystem) IsNativeCoverageNeeded(ctx cc.IsNativeCoverageNeededContext) bool {
 	return ctx.Device() && ctx.DeviceConfig().NativeCoverageEnabled()
 }
 
diff --git a/filesystem/fsverity_metadata.go b/filesystem/fsverity_metadata.go
index 3e50ff7..d7bb654 100644
--- a/filesystem/fsverity_metadata.go
+++ b/filesystem/fsverity_metadata.go
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@
 		sb.WriteRune(' ')
 		sb.WriteString(srcPath.String())
 		sb.WriteRune('\n')
+		f.appendToEntry(ctx, destPath)
 	}
 
 	// STEP 2: generate signed BuildManifest.apk
@@ -108,6 +109,7 @@
 	sb.WriteString(" --output ")
 	sb.WriteString(manifestPbPath.String())
 	sb.WriteRune(' ')
+	f.appendToEntry(ctx, manifestPbPath)
 
 	manifestGeneratorListPath := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "fsverity_manifest.list")
 	f.writeManifestGeneratorListFile(ctx, manifestGeneratorListPath.OutputPath, matchedSpecs, rebasedDir)
@@ -115,15 +117,18 @@
 	sb.WriteString(manifestGeneratorListPath.String())
 	sb.WriteRune('\n')
 	cmd.Implicit(manifestGeneratorListPath)
+	f.appendToEntry(ctx, manifestGeneratorListPath.OutputPath)
 
 	// STEP 2-2: generate BuildManifest.apk (unsigned)
 	aapt2Path := ctx.Config().HostToolPath(ctx, "aapt2")
 	apkPath := rebasedDir.Join(ctx, "etc", "security", "fsverity", "BuildManifest.apk")
+	idsigPath := rebasedDir.Join(ctx, "etc", "security", "fsverity", "BuildManifest.apk.idsig")
 	manifestTemplatePath := android.PathForSource(ctx, "system/security/fsverity/AndroidManifest.xml")
 	libs := android.PathsForModuleSrc(ctx, f.properties.Fsverity.Libs)
 	cmd.Implicit(aapt2Path)
 	cmd.Implicit(manifestTemplatePath)
 	cmd.Implicits(libs)
+	cmd.ImplicitOutput(apkPath)
 
 	sb.WriteString(aapt2Path.String())
 	sb.WriteString(" link -o ")
@@ -150,12 +155,15 @@
 	sb.WriteString(f.partitionName())
 	sb.WriteRune('\n')
 
+	f.appendToEntry(ctx, apkPath)
+
 	// STEP 2-3: sign BuildManifest.apk
 	apksignerPath := ctx.Config().HostToolPath(ctx, "apksigner")
 	pemPath, keyPath := ctx.Config().DefaultAppCertificate(ctx)
 	cmd.Implicit(apksignerPath)
 	cmd.Implicit(pemPath)
 	cmd.Implicit(keyPath)
+	cmd.ImplicitOutput(idsigPath)
 	sb.WriteString(apksignerPath.String())
 	sb.WriteString(" sign --in ")
 	sb.WriteString(apkPath.String())
@@ -165,5 +173,7 @@
 	sb.WriteString(keyPath.String())
 	sb.WriteRune('\n')
 
+	f.appendToEntry(ctx, idsigPath)
+
 	android.WriteExecutableFileRuleVerbatim(ctx, fsverityBuilderPath, sb.String())
 }
diff --git a/filesystem/system_image.go b/filesystem/system_image.go
index 15cacfb..69d922d 100644
--- a/filesystem/system_image.go
+++ b/filesystem/system_image.go
@@ -94,9 +94,10 @@
 	return output
 }
 
-// Filter the result of GatherPackagingSpecs to discard items targeting outside "system" partition.
-// Note that "apex" module installs its contents to "apex"(fake partition) as well
+// Filter the result of GatherPackagingSpecs to discard items targeting outside "system" / "root"
+// partition.  Note that "apex" module installs its contents to "apex"(fake partition) as well
 // for symbol lookup by imitating "activated" paths.
 func (s *systemImage) filterPackagingSpec(ps android.PackagingSpec) bool {
-	return s.filesystem.filterInstallablePackagingSpec(ps) && ps.Partition() == "system"
+	return s.filesystem.filterInstallablePackagingSpec(ps) &&
+		(ps.Partition() == "system" || ps.Partition() == "root")
 }
diff --git a/genrule/genrule.go b/genrule/genrule.go
index c0942d3..5b40768 100644
--- a/genrule/genrule.go
+++ b/genrule/genrule.go
@@ -754,6 +754,7 @@
 func GenSrcsFactory() android.Module {
 	m := NewGenSrcs()
 	android.InitAndroidModule(m)
+	android.InitDefaultableModule(m)
 	return m
 }
 
diff --git a/java/Android.bp b/java/Android.bp
index 54b36ab..a941754 100644
--- a/java/Android.bp
+++ b/java/Android.bp
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@
         "app_set_test.go",
         "app_test.go",
         "code_metadata_test.go",
+        "container_test.go",
         "bootclasspath_fragment_test.go",
         "device_host_converter_test.go",
         "dex_test.go",
diff --git a/java/aar.go b/java/aar.go
index 3168d9b..2f49a95 100644
--- a/java/aar.go
+++ b/java/aar.go
@@ -798,18 +798,6 @@
 	aarFile android.WritablePath
 }
 
-var _ android.OutputFileProducer = (*AndroidLibrary)(nil)
-
-// For OutputFileProducer interface
-func (a *AndroidLibrary) OutputFiles(tag string) (android.Paths, error) {
-	switch tag {
-	case ".aar":
-		return []android.Path{a.aarFile}, nil
-	default:
-		return a.Library.OutputFiles(tag)
-	}
-}
-
 var _ AndroidLibraryDependency = (*AndroidLibrary)(nil)
 
 func (a *AndroidLibrary) DepsMutator(ctx android.BottomUpMutatorContext) {
@@ -911,6 +899,13 @@
 	android.SetProvider(ctx, FlagsPackagesProvider, FlagsPackages{
 		AconfigTextFiles: aconfigTextFilePaths,
 	})
+
+	a.setOutputFiles(ctx)
+}
+
+func (a *AndroidLibrary) setOutputFiles(ctx android.ModuleContext) {
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles([]android.Path{a.aarFile}, ".aar")
+	setOutputFiles(ctx, a.Library.Module)
 }
 
 func (a *AndroidLibrary) IDEInfo(dpInfo *android.IdeInfo) {
@@ -1021,20 +1016,6 @@
 	classLoaderContexts dexpreopt.ClassLoaderContextMap
 }
 
-var _ android.OutputFileProducer = (*AARImport)(nil)
-
-// For OutputFileProducer interface
-func (a *AARImport) OutputFiles(tag string) (android.Paths, error) {
-	switch tag {
-	case ".aar":
-		return []android.Path{a.aarPath}, nil
-	case "":
-		return []android.Path{a.implementationAndResourcesJarFile}, nil
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported module reference tag %q", tag)
-	}
-}
-
 func (a *AARImport) SdkVersion(ctx android.EarlyModuleContext) android.SdkSpec {
 	return android.SdkSpecFrom(ctx, String(a.properties.Sdk_version))
 }
@@ -1388,6 +1369,9 @@
 	android.SetProvider(ctx, JniPackageProvider, JniPackageInfo{
 		JniPackages: a.jniPackages,
 	})
+
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles([]android.Path{a.implementationAndResourcesJarFile}, "")
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles([]android.Path{a.aarPath}, ".aar")
 }
 
 func (a *AARImport) HeaderJars() android.Paths {
diff --git a/java/aar_test.go b/java/aar_test.go
index 18efd20..ebad310 100644
--- a/java/aar_test.go
+++ b/java/aar_test.go
@@ -159,21 +159,21 @@
 	bar := result.ModuleForTests("bar", "android_common")
 	baz := result.ModuleForTests("baz", "android_common")
 
-	fooOutputPath := android.OutputFileForModule(android.PathContext(nil), foo.Module(), "")
-	barOutputPath := android.OutputFileForModule(android.PathContext(nil), bar.Module(), "")
-	bazOutputPath := android.OutputFileForModule(android.PathContext(nil), baz.Module(), "")
+	fooOutputPaths := foo.OutputFiles(t, "")
+	barOutputPaths := bar.OutputFiles(t, "")
+	bazOutputPaths := baz.OutputFiles(t, "")
 
-	android.AssertPathRelativeToTopEquals(t, "foo output path",
-		"out/soong/.intermediates/foo/android_common/withres/foo.jar", fooOutputPath)
-	android.AssertPathRelativeToTopEquals(t, "bar output path",
-		"out/soong/.intermediates/bar/android_common/aar/bar.jar", barOutputPath)
-	android.AssertPathRelativeToTopEquals(t, "baz output path",
-		"out/soong/.intermediates/baz/android_common/withres/baz.jar", bazOutputPath)
+	android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "foo output path",
+		[]string{"out/soong/.intermediates/foo/android_common/withres/foo.jar"}, fooOutputPaths)
+	android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "bar output path",
+		[]string{"out/soong/.intermediates/bar/android_common/aar/bar.jar"}, barOutputPaths)
+	android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "baz output path",
+		[]string{"out/soong/.intermediates/baz/android_common/withres/baz.jar"}, bazOutputPaths)
 
 	android.AssertStringEquals(t, "foo relative output path",
-		"foo.jar", fooOutputPath.Rel())
+		"foo.jar", fooOutputPaths[0].Rel())
 	android.AssertStringEquals(t, "bar relative output path",
-		"bar.jar", barOutputPath.Rel())
+		"bar.jar", barOutputPaths[0].Rel())
 	android.AssertStringEquals(t, "baz relative output path",
-		"baz.jar", bazOutputPath.Rel())
+		"baz.jar", bazOutputPaths[0].Rel())
 }
diff --git a/java/app.go b/java/app.go
index f35e4c3..19dc8d5 100644
--- a/java/app.go
+++ b/java/app.go
@@ -583,7 +583,11 @@
 	a.aapt.splitNames = a.appProperties.Package_splits
 	a.aapt.LoggingParent = String(a.overridableAppProperties.Logging_parent)
 	if a.Updatable() {
-		a.aapt.defaultManifestVersion = android.DefaultUpdatableModuleVersion
+		if override := ctx.Config().Getenv("OVERRIDE_APEX_MANIFEST_DEFAULT_VERSION"); override != "" {
+			a.aapt.defaultManifestVersion = override
+		} else {
+			a.aapt.defaultManifestVersion = android.DefaultUpdatableModuleVersion
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Use non final ids if we are doing optimized shrinking and are using R8.
@@ -1013,6 +1017,22 @@
 			isPrebuilt:     false,
 		},
 	)
+
+	a.setOutputFiles(ctx)
+}
+
+func (a *AndroidApp) setOutputFiles(ctx android.ModuleContext) {
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles([]android.Path{a.proguardOptionsFile}, ".aapt.proguardOptionsFile")
+	if a.aaptSrcJar != nil {
+		ctx.SetOutputFiles([]android.Path{a.aaptSrcJar}, ".aapt.srcjar")
+	}
+	if a.rJar != nil {
+		ctx.SetOutputFiles([]android.Path{a.rJar}, ".aapt.jar")
+	}
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles([]android.Path{a.outputFile}, ".apk")
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles([]android.Path{a.exportPackage}, ".export-package.apk")
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles([]android.Path{a.aapt.manifestPath}, ".manifest.xml")
+	setOutputFiles(ctx, a.Library.Module)
 }
 
 type appDepsInterface interface {
@@ -1203,36 +1223,11 @@
 	return a.Library.DepIsInSameApex(ctx, dep)
 }
 
-// For OutputFileProducer interface
-func (a *AndroidApp) OutputFiles(tag string) (android.Paths, error) {
-	switch tag {
-	// In some instances, it can be useful to reference the aapt-generated flags from another
-	// target, e.g., system server implements services declared in the framework-res manifest.
-	case ".aapt.proguardOptionsFile":
-		return []android.Path{a.proguardOptionsFile}, nil
-	case ".aapt.srcjar":
-		if a.aaptSrcJar != nil {
-			return []android.Path{a.aaptSrcJar}, nil
-		}
-	case ".aapt.jar":
-		if a.rJar != nil {
-			return []android.Path{a.rJar}, nil
-		}
-	case ".apk":
-		return []android.Path{a.outputFile}, nil
-	case ".export-package.apk":
-		return []android.Path{a.exportPackage}, nil
-	case ".manifest.xml":
-		return []android.Path{a.aapt.manifestPath}, nil
-	}
-	return a.Library.OutputFiles(tag)
-}
-
 func (a *AndroidApp) Privileged() bool {
 	return Bool(a.appProperties.Privileged)
 }
 
-func (a *AndroidApp) IsNativeCoverageNeeded(ctx android.IncomingTransitionContext) bool {
+func (a *AndroidApp) IsNativeCoverageNeeded(ctx cc.IsNativeCoverageNeededContext) bool {
 	return ctx.Device() && ctx.DeviceConfig().NativeCoverageEnabled()
 }
 
diff --git a/java/app_import.go b/java/app_import.go
index dc8470d..fa87997 100644
--- a/java/app_import.go
+++ b/java/app_import.go
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 // This file contains the module implementations for android_app_import and android_test_import.
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -422,6 +421,8 @@
 		},
 	)
 
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles([]android.Path{a.outputFile}, "")
+
 	// TODO: androidmk converter jni libs
 }
 
@@ -461,15 +462,6 @@
 	return a.outputFile
 }
 
-func (a *AndroidAppImport) OutputFiles(tag string) (android.Paths, error) {
-	switch tag {
-	case "":
-		return []android.Path{a.outputFile}, nil
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported module reference tag %q", tag)
-	}
-}
-
 func (a *AndroidAppImport) JacocoReportClassesFile() android.Path {
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/java/app_test.go b/java/app_test.go
index 9e2d19e..e878ccf 100644
--- a/java/app_test.go
+++ b/java/app_test.go
@@ -119,10 +119,7 @@
 		foo.Output(expectedOutput)
 	}
 
-	outputFiles, err := foo.Module().(*AndroidApp).OutputFiles("")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
+	outputFiles := foo.OutputFiles(t, "")
 	android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, `OutputFiles("")`, expectedOutputs, outputFiles)
 }
 
@@ -519,6 +516,49 @@
 	testJavaError(t, `"libjni" .*: links "libbar" built against newer API version "current"`, bp)
 }
 
+func TestUpdatableApps_ApplyDefaultUpdatableModuleVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		PrepareForTestWithJavaDefaultModules,
+	).RunTestWithBp(t, `
+		android_app {
+			name: "com.android.foo",
+			srcs: ["a.java"],
+			sdk_version: "current",
+			min_sdk_version: "31",
+			updatable: true,
+		}
+	`)
+	foo := result.ModuleForTests("com.android.foo", "android_common").Rule("manifestFixer")
+	android.AssertStringDoesContain(t,
+		"com.android.foo: expected manifest fixer to set override-placeholder-version to android.DefaultUpdatableModuleVersion",
+		foo.BuildParams.Args["args"],
+		fmt.Sprintf("--override-placeholder-version %s", android.DefaultUpdatableModuleVersion),
+	)
+}
+
+func TestUpdatableApps_ApplyOverrideApexManifestDefaultVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		PrepareForTestWithJavaDefaultModules,
+		android.FixtureMergeEnv(map[string]string{
+			"OVERRIDE_APEX_MANIFEST_DEFAULT_VERSION": "1234",
+		}),
+	).RunTestWithBp(t, `
+		android_app {
+			name: "com.android.foo",
+			srcs: ["a.java"],
+			sdk_version: "current",
+			min_sdk_version: "31",
+			updatable: true,
+		}
+	`)
+	foo := result.ModuleForTests("com.android.foo", "android_common").Rule("manifestFixer")
+	android.AssertStringDoesContain(t,
+		"com.android.foo: expected manifest fixer to set override-placeholder-version to 1234",
+		foo.BuildParams.Args["args"],
+		"--override-placeholder-version 1234",
+	)
+}
+
 func TestResourceDirs(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
 		name      string
@@ -4556,3 +4596,44 @@
 	)
 
 }
+
+func TestNotApplyDefaultUpdatableModuleVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		PrepareForTestWithJavaDefaultModules,
+	).RunTestWithBp(t, `
+		android_app {
+			name: "com.android.foo",
+			srcs: ["a.java"],
+			sdk_version: "current",
+			min_sdk_version: "31",
+		}
+	`)
+	foo := result.ModuleForTests("com.android.foo", "android_common").Rule("manifestFixer")
+	android.AssertStringDoesNotContain(t,
+		"com.android.foo: expected manifest fixer to not set override-placeholder-version",
+		foo.BuildParams.Args["args"],
+		"--override-placeholder-version",
+	)
+}
+
+func TestNotApplyOverrideApexManifestDefaultVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		PrepareForTestWithJavaDefaultModules,
+		android.FixtureMergeEnv(map[string]string{
+			"OVERRIDE_APEX_MANIFEST_DEFAULT_VERSION": "1234",
+		}),
+	).RunTestWithBp(t, `
+		android_app {
+			name: "com.android.foo",
+			srcs: ["a.java"],
+			sdk_version: "current",
+			min_sdk_version: "31",
+		}
+	`)
+	foo := result.ModuleForTests("com.android.foo", "android_common").Rule("manifestFixer")
+	android.AssertStringDoesNotContain(t,
+		"com.android.foo: expected manifest fixer to not set override-placeholder-version",
+		foo.BuildParams.Args["args"],
+		"--override-placeholder-version",
+	)
+}
diff --git a/java/base.go b/java/base.go
index ee8df3e..02dc3e3 100644
--- a/java/base.go
+++ b/java/base.go
@@ -552,6 +552,18 @@
 	aconfigCacheFiles android.Paths
 }
 
+var _ android.InstallableModule = (*Module)(nil)
+
+// To satisfy the InstallableModule interface
+func (j *Module) EnforceApiContainerChecks() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+// Overrides android.ModuleBase.InstallInProduct()
+func (j *Module) InstallInProduct() bool {
+	return j.ProductSpecific()
+}
+
 func (j *Module) CheckStableSdkVersion(ctx android.BaseModuleContext) error {
 	sdkVersion := j.SdkVersion(ctx)
 	if sdkVersion.Stable() {
@@ -652,35 +664,21 @@
 	android.SetProvider(ctx, hiddenAPIPropertyInfoProvider, hiddenAPIInfo)
 }
 
-func (j *Module) OutputFiles(tag string) (android.Paths, error) {
-	switch tag {
-	case "":
-		return append(android.Paths{j.outputFile}, j.extraOutputFiles...), nil
-	case android.DefaultDistTag:
-		return android.Paths{j.outputFile}, nil
-	case ".jar":
-		return android.Paths{j.implementationAndResourcesJar}, nil
-	case ".hjar":
-		return android.Paths{j.headerJarFile}, nil
-	case ".proguard_map":
-		if j.dexer.proguardDictionary.Valid() {
-			return android.Paths{j.dexer.proguardDictionary.Path()}, nil
-		}
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q was requested, but no output file was found.", tag)
-	case ".generated_srcjars":
-		return j.properties.Generated_srcjars, nil
-	case ".lint":
-		if j.linter.outputs.xml != nil {
-			return android.Paths{j.linter.outputs.xml}, nil
-		}
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q was requested, but no output file was found.", tag)
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported module reference tag %q", tag)
+// helper method for java modules to set OutputFilesProvider
+func setOutputFiles(ctx android.ModuleContext, m Module) {
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles(append(android.Paths{m.outputFile}, m.extraOutputFiles...), "")
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles(android.Paths{m.outputFile}, android.DefaultDistTag)
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles(android.Paths{m.implementationAndResourcesJar}, ".jar")
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles(android.Paths{m.headerJarFile}, ".hjar")
+	if m.dexer.proguardDictionary.Valid() {
+		ctx.SetOutputFiles(android.Paths{m.dexer.proguardDictionary.Path()}, ".proguard_map")
+	}
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles(m.properties.Generated_srcjars, ".generated_srcjars")
+	if m.linter.outputs.xml != nil {
+		ctx.SetOutputFiles(android.Paths{m.linter.outputs.xml}, ".lint")
 	}
 }
 
-var _ android.OutputFileProducer = (*Module)(nil)
-
 func InitJavaModule(module android.DefaultableModule, hod android.HostOrDeviceSupported) {
 	initJavaModule(module, hod, false)
 }
diff --git a/java/container_test.go b/java/container_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3441855
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/container_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+// Copyright 2024 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package java
+
+import (
+	"android/soong/android"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+var checkContainerMatch = func(t *testing.T, name string, container string, expected bool, actual bool) {
+	errorMessage := fmt.Sprintf("module %s container %s value differ", name, container)
+	android.AssertBoolEquals(t, errorMessage, expected, actual)
+}
+
+func TestJavaContainersModuleProperties(t *testing.T) {
+	result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		prepareForJavaTest,
+	).RunTestWithBp(t, `
+		java_library {
+			name: "foo",
+			srcs: ["A.java"],
+		}
+		java_library {
+			name: "foo_vendor",
+			srcs: ["A.java"],
+			vendor: true,
+			sdk_version: "current",
+		}
+		java_library {
+			name: "foo_soc_specific",
+			srcs: ["A.java"],
+			soc_specific: true,
+			sdk_version: "current",
+		}
+		java_library {
+			name: "foo_product_specific",
+			srcs: ["A.java"],
+			product_specific: true,
+			sdk_version: "current",
+		}
+		java_test {
+			name: "foo_cts_test",
+			srcs: ["A.java"],
+			test_suites: [
+				"cts",
+			],
+		}
+		java_test {
+			name: "foo_non_cts_test",
+			srcs: ["A.java"],
+			test_suites: [
+				"general-tests",
+			],
+		}
+	`)
+
+	testcases := []struct {
+		moduleName         string
+		isSystemContainer  bool
+		isVendorContainer  bool
+		isProductContainer bool
+		isCts              bool
+	}{
+		{
+			moduleName:         "foo",
+			isSystemContainer:  true,
+			isVendorContainer:  false,
+			isProductContainer: false,
+			isCts:              false,
+		},
+		{
+			moduleName:         "foo_vendor",
+			isSystemContainer:  false,
+			isVendorContainer:  true,
+			isProductContainer: false,
+			isCts:              false,
+		},
+		{
+			moduleName:         "foo_soc_specific",
+			isSystemContainer:  false,
+			isVendorContainer:  true,
+			isProductContainer: false,
+			isCts:              false,
+		},
+		{
+			moduleName:         "foo_product_specific",
+			isSystemContainer:  false,
+			isVendorContainer:  false,
+			isProductContainer: true,
+			isCts:              false,
+		},
+		{
+			moduleName:         "foo_cts_test",
+			isSystemContainer:  false,
+			isVendorContainer:  false,
+			isProductContainer: false,
+			isCts:              true,
+		},
+		{
+			moduleName:         "foo_non_cts_test",
+			isSystemContainer:  false,
+			isVendorContainer:  false,
+			isProductContainer: false,
+			isCts:              false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, c := range testcases {
+		m := result.ModuleForTests(c.moduleName, "android_common")
+		containers, _ := android.OtherModuleProvider(result.TestContext.OtherModuleProviderAdaptor(), m.Module(), android.ContainersInfoProvider)
+		belongingContainers := containers.BelongingContainers()
+		checkContainerMatch(t, c.moduleName, "system", c.isSystemContainer, android.InList(android.SystemContainer, belongingContainers))
+		checkContainerMatch(t, c.moduleName, "vendor", c.isVendorContainer, android.InList(android.VendorContainer, belongingContainers))
+		checkContainerMatch(t, c.moduleName, "product", c.isProductContainer, android.InList(android.ProductContainer, belongingContainers))
+	}
+}
diff --git a/java/droiddoc.go b/java/droiddoc.go
index 176779e..730f236 100644
--- a/java/droiddoc.go
+++ b/java/droiddoc.go
@@ -223,17 +223,6 @@
 	exportableStubsSrcJar android.WritablePath
 }
 
-func (j *Javadoc) OutputFiles(tag string) (android.Paths, error) {
-	switch tag {
-	case "":
-		return android.Paths{j.stubsSrcJar}, nil
-	case ".docs.zip":
-		return android.Paths{j.docZip}, nil
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported module reference tag %q", tag)
-	}
-}
-
 // javadoc converts .java source files to documentation using javadoc.
 func JavadocFactory() android.Module {
 	module := &Javadoc{}
@@ -254,8 +243,6 @@
 	return module
 }
 
-var _ android.OutputFileProducer = (*Javadoc)(nil)
-
 func (j *Javadoc) SdkVersion(ctx android.EarlyModuleContext) android.SdkSpec {
 	return android.SdkSpecFrom(ctx, String(j.properties.Sdk_version))
 }
@@ -585,6 +572,9 @@
 	zipSyncCleanupCmd(rule, srcJarDir)
 
 	rule.Build("javadoc", "javadoc")
+
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles(android.Paths{j.stubsSrcJar}, "")
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles(android.Paths{j.docZip}, ".docs.zip")
 }
 
 // Droiddoc
@@ -616,15 +606,6 @@
 	return module
 }
 
-func (d *Droiddoc) OutputFiles(tag string) (android.Paths, error) {
-	switch tag {
-	case "", ".docs.zip":
-		return android.Paths{d.Javadoc.docZip}, nil
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported module reference tag %q", tag)
-	}
-}
-
 func (d *Droiddoc) DepsMutator(ctx android.BottomUpMutatorContext) {
 	d.Javadoc.addDeps(ctx)
 
@@ -876,6 +857,9 @@
 	zipSyncCleanupCmd(rule, srcJarDir)
 
 	rule.Build("javadoc", desc)
+
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles(android.Paths{d.Javadoc.docZip}, "")
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles(android.Paths{d.Javadoc.docZip}, ".docs.zip")
 }
 
 // Exported Droiddoc Directory
diff --git a/java/droiddoc_test.go b/java/droiddoc_test.go
index 8d1f591..e584640 100644
--- a/java/droiddoc_test.go
+++ b/java/droiddoc_test.go
@@ -69,11 +69,7 @@
 			"bar-doc/a.java": nil,
 			"bar-doc/b.java": nil,
 		})
-	barStubs := ctx.ModuleForTests("bar-stubs", "android_common")
-	barStubsOutputs, err := barStubs.Module().(*Droidstubs).OutputFiles("")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Unexpected error %q retrieving \"bar-stubs\" output file", err)
-	}
+	barStubsOutputs := ctx.ModuleForTests("bar-stubs", "android_common").OutputFiles(t, "")
 	if len(barStubsOutputs) != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("Expected one output from \"bar-stubs\" got %s", barStubsOutputs)
 	}
diff --git a/java/droidstubs.go b/java/droidstubs.go
index b32b754..a8e0a22 100644
--- a/java/droidstubs.go
+++ b/java/droidstubs.go
@@ -283,66 +283,6 @@
 	return module
 }
 
-func getStubsTypeAndTag(tag string) (StubsType, string, error) {
-	if len(tag) == 0 {
-		return Everything, "", nil
-	}
-	if tag[0] != '.' {
-		return Unavailable, "", fmt.Errorf("tag must begin with \".\"")
-	}
-
-	stubsType := Everything
-	// Check if the tag has a stubs type prefix (e.g. ".exportable")
-	for st := Everything; st <= Exportable; st++ {
-		if strings.HasPrefix(tag, "."+st.String()) {
-			stubsType = st
-		}
-	}
-
-	return stubsType, strings.TrimPrefix(tag, "."+stubsType.String()), nil
-}
-
-// Droidstubs' tag supports specifying with the stubs type.
-// While supporting the pre-existing tags, it also supports tags with
-// the stubs type prefix. Some examples are shown below:
-// {.annotations.zip} - pre-existing behavior. Returns the path to the
-// annotation zip.
-// {.exportable} - Returns the path to the exportable stubs src jar.
-// {.exportable.annotations.zip} - Returns the path to the exportable
-// annotations zip file.
-// {.runtime.api_versions.xml} - Runtime stubs does not generate api versions
-// xml file. For unsupported combinations, the default everything output file
-// is returned.
-func (d *Droidstubs) OutputFiles(tag string) (android.Paths, error) {
-	stubsType, prefixRemovedTag, err := getStubsTypeAndTag(tag)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	switch prefixRemovedTag {
-	case "":
-		stubsSrcJar, err := d.StubsSrcJar(stubsType)
-		return android.Paths{stubsSrcJar}, err
-	case ".docs.zip":
-		docZip, err := d.DocZip(stubsType)
-		return android.Paths{docZip}, err
-	case ".api.txt", android.DefaultDistTag:
-		// This is the default dist path for dist properties that have no tag property.
-		apiFilePath, err := d.ApiFilePath(stubsType)
-		return android.Paths{apiFilePath}, err
-	case ".removed-api.txt":
-		removedApiFilePath, err := d.RemovedApiFilePath(stubsType)
-		return android.Paths{removedApiFilePath}, err
-	case ".annotations.zip":
-		annotationsZip, err := d.AnnotationsZip(stubsType)
-		return android.Paths{annotationsZip}, err
-	case ".api_versions.xml":
-		apiVersionsXmlFilePath, err := d.ApiVersionsXmlFilePath(stubsType)
-		return android.Paths{apiVersionsXmlFilePath}, err
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported module reference tag %q", tag)
-	}
-}
-
 func (d *Droidstubs) AnnotationsZip(stubsType StubsType) (ret android.Path, err error) {
 	switch stubsType {
 	case Everything:
@@ -1363,6 +1303,46 @@
 
 		rule.Build("nullabilityWarningsCheck", "nullability warnings check")
 	}
+
+	d.setOutputFiles(ctx)
+}
+
+// This method sets the outputFiles property, which is used to set the
+// OutputFilesProvider later.
+// Droidstubs' tag supports specifying with the stubs type.
+// While supporting the pre-existing tags, it also supports tags with
+// the stubs type prefix. Some examples are shown below:
+// {.annotations.zip} - pre-existing behavior. Returns the path to the
+// annotation zip.
+// {.exportable} - Returns the path to the exportable stubs src jar.
+// {.exportable.annotations.zip} - Returns the path to the exportable
+// annotations zip file.
+// {.runtime.api_versions.xml} - Runtime stubs does not generate api versions
+// xml file. For unsupported combinations, the default everything output file
+// is returned.
+func (d *Droidstubs) setOutputFiles(ctx android.ModuleContext) {
+	tagToOutputFileFunc := map[string]func(StubsType) (android.Path, error){
+		"":                     d.StubsSrcJar,
+		".docs.zip":            d.DocZip,
+		".api.txt":             d.ApiFilePath,
+		android.DefaultDistTag: d.ApiFilePath,
+		".removed-api.txt":     d.RemovedApiFilePath,
+		".annotations.zip":     d.AnnotationsZip,
+		".api_versions.xml":    d.ApiVersionsXmlFilePath,
+	}
+	stubsTypeToPrefix := map[StubsType]string{
+		Everything: "",
+		Exportable: ".exportable",
+	}
+	for _, tag := range android.SortedKeys(tagToOutputFileFunc) {
+		for _, stubType := range android.SortedKeys(stubsTypeToPrefix) {
+			tagWithPrefix := stubsTypeToPrefix[stubType] + tag
+			outputFile, err := tagToOutputFileFunc[tag](stubType)
+			if err == nil {
+				ctx.SetOutputFiles(android.Paths{outputFile}, tagWithPrefix)
+			}
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 func (d *Droidstubs) createApiContribution(ctx android.DefaultableHookContext) {
@@ -1453,17 +1433,6 @@
 	stubsSrcJar android.Path
 }
 
-func (p *PrebuiltStubsSources) OutputFiles(tag string) (android.Paths, error) {
-	switch tag {
-	// prebuilt droidstubs does not output "exportable" stubs.
-	// Output the "everything" stubs srcjar file if the tag is ".exportable".
-	case "", ".exportable":
-		return android.Paths{p.stubsSrcJar}, nil
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported module reference tag %q", tag)
-	}
-}
-
 func (d *PrebuiltStubsSources) StubsSrcJar(_ StubsType) (android.Path, error) {
 	return d.stubsSrcJar, nil
 }
@@ -1502,6 +1471,11 @@
 		rule.Build("zip src", "Create srcjar from prebuilt source")
 		p.stubsSrcJar = outPath
 	}
+
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles(android.Paths{p.stubsSrcJar}, "")
+	// prebuilt droidstubs does not output "exportable" stubs.
+	// Output the "everything" stubs srcjar file if the tag is ".exportable".
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles(android.Paths{p.stubsSrcJar}, ".exportable")
 }
 
 func (p *PrebuiltStubsSources) Prebuilt() *android.Prebuilt {
diff --git a/java/hiddenapi_modular.go b/java/hiddenapi_modular.go
index cab5402..4144de8 100644
--- a/java/hiddenapi_modular.go
+++ b/java/hiddenapi_modular.go
@@ -1255,8 +1255,9 @@
 	rule := android.NewRuleBuilder(pctx, ctx)
 	rule.Command().
 		BuiltTool("metalava").
+		Text("signature-to-dex").
 		Inputs(removedTxtFiles).
-		FlagWithOutput("--dex-api ", output)
+		FlagWithOutput("--out ", output)
 	rule.Build("modular-hiddenapi-removed-dex-signatures"+suffix, "modular hiddenapi removed dex signatures"+suffix)
 	return android.OptionalPathForPath(output)
 }
diff --git a/java/java.go b/java/java.go
index a2fc5fb..88b31b5 100644
--- a/java/java.go
+++ b/java/java.go
@@ -977,6 +977,8 @@
 		TestOnly:       Bool(j.sourceProperties.Test_only),
 		TopLevelTarget: j.sourceProperties.Top_level_test_target,
 	})
+
+	setOutputFiles(ctx, j.Module)
 }
 
 func (j *Library) setInstallRules(ctx android.ModuleContext, installModuleName string) {
@@ -1356,7 +1358,7 @@
 	return true
 }
 
-func (j *TestHost) IsNativeCoverageNeeded(ctx android.IncomingTransitionContext) bool {
+func (j *TestHost) IsNativeCoverageNeeded(ctx cc.IsNativeCoverageNeededContext) bool {
 	return ctx.DeviceConfig().NativeCoverageEnabled()
 }
 
@@ -1836,6 +1838,8 @@
 		// libraries.  This is verified by TestBinary.
 		j.binaryFile = ctx.InstallExecutable(android.PathForModuleInstall(ctx, "bin"),
 			ctx.ModuleName()+ext, j.wrapperFile)
+
+		setOutputFiles(ctx, j.Library.Module)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -2752,6 +2756,9 @@
 		StubsLinkType:                  j.stubsLinkType,
 		// TODO(b/289117800): LOCAL_ACONFIG_FILES for prebuilts
 	})
+
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles(android.Paths{j.combinedImplementationFile}, "")
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles(android.Paths{j.combinedImplementationFile}, ".jar")
 }
 
 func (j *Import) maybeInstall(ctx android.ModuleContext, jarName string, outputFile android.Path) {
@@ -2772,17 +2779,6 @@
 	ctx.InstallFile(installDir, jarName, outputFile)
 }
 
-func (j *Import) OutputFiles(tag string) (android.Paths, error) {
-	switch tag {
-	case "", ".jar":
-		return android.Paths{j.combinedImplementationFile}, nil
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported module reference tag %q", tag)
-	}
-}
-
-var _ android.OutputFileProducer = (*Import)(nil)
-
 func (j *Import) HeaderJars() android.Paths {
 	return android.PathsIfNonNil(j.combinedHeaderFile)
 }
diff --git a/java/java_test.go b/java/java_test.go
index 2f27932..33079f3 100644
--- a/java/java_test.go
+++ b/java/java_test.go
@@ -2993,23 +2993,23 @@
 	bar := result.ModuleForTests("bar", "android_common")
 	baz := result.ModuleForTests("baz", "android_common")
 
-	fooOutputPath := android.OutputFileForModule(android.PathContext(nil), foo.Module(), "")
-	barOutputPath := android.OutputFileForModule(android.PathContext(nil), bar.Module(), "")
-	bazOutputPath := android.OutputFileForModule(android.PathContext(nil), baz.Module(), "")
+	fooOutputPaths := foo.OutputFiles(t, "")
+	barOutputPaths := bar.OutputFiles(t, "")
+	bazOutputPaths := baz.OutputFiles(t, "")
 
-	android.AssertPathRelativeToTopEquals(t, "foo output path",
-		"out/soong/.intermediates/foo/android_common/javac/foo.jar", fooOutputPath)
-	android.AssertPathRelativeToTopEquals(t, "bar output path",
-		"out/soong/.intermediates/bar/android_common/combined/bar.jar", barOutputPath)
-	android.AssertPathRelativeToTopEquals(t, "baz output path",
-		"out/soong/.intermediates/baz/android_common/combined/baz.jar", bazOutputPath)
+	android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "foo output path",
+		[]string{"out/soong/.intermediates/foo/android_common/javac/foo.jar"}, fooOutputPaths)
+	android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "bar output path",
+		[]string{"out/soong/.intermediates/bar/android_common/combined/bar.jar"}, barOutputPaths)
+	android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "baz output path",
+		[]string{"out/soong/.intermediates/baz/android_common/combined/baz.jar"}, bazOutputPaths)
 
 	android.AssertStringEquals(t, "foo relative output path",
-		"foo.jar", fooOutputPath.Rel())
+		"foo.jar", fooOutputPaths[0].Rel())
 	android.AssertStringEquals(t, "bar relative output path",
-		"bar.jar", barOutputPath.Rel())
+		"bar.jar", barOutputPaths[0].Rel())
 	android.AssertStringEquals(t, "baz relative output path",
-		"baz.jar", bazOutputPath.Rel())
+		"baz.jar", bazOutputPaths[0].Rel())
 }
 
 func assertTestOnlyAndTopLevel(t *testing.T, ctx *android.TestResult, expectedTestOnly []string, expectedTopLevel []string) {
diff --git a/java/platform_bootclasspath.go b/java/platform_bootclasspath.go
index 8d4cf68..38553a6 100644
--- a/java/platform_bootclasspath.go
+++ b/java/platform_bootclasspath.go
@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@
 package java
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
-
 	"android/soong/android"
 	"android/soong/dexpreopt"
 )
@@ -57,9 +55,6 @@
 
 	// Path to the monolithic hiddenapi-unsupported.csv file.
 	hiddenAPIMetadataCSV android.OutputPath
-
-	// Path to a srcjar containing all the transitive sources of the bootclasspath.
-	srcjar android.OutputPath
 }
 
 type platformBootclasspathProperties struct {
@@ -76,8 +71,6 @@
 	return m
 }
 
-var _ android.OutputFileProducer = (*platformBootclasspathModule)(nil)
-
 func (b *platformBootclasspathModule) AndroidMkEntries() (entries []android.AndroidMkEntries) {
 	entries = append(entries, android.AndroidMkEntries{
 		Class: "FAKE",
@@ -89,22 +82,6 @@
 	return
 }
 
-// Make the hidden API files available from the platform-bootclasspath module.
-func (b *platformBootclasspathModule) OutputFiles(tag string) (android.Paths, error) {
-	switch tag {
-	case "hiddenapi-flags.csv":
-		return android.Paths{b.hiddenAPIFlagsCSV}, nil
-	case "hiddenapi-index.csv":
-		return android.Paths{b.hiddenAPIIndexCSV}, nil
-	case "hiddenapi-metadata.csv":
-		return android.Paths{b.hiddenAPIMetadataCSV}, nil
-	case ".srcjar":
-		return android.Paths{b.srcjar}, nil
-	}
-
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown tag %s", tag)
-}
-
 func (b *platformBootclasspathModule) DepsMutator(ctx android.BottomUpMutatorContext) {
 	// Create a dependency on all_apex_contributions to determine the selected mainline module
 	ctx.AddDependency(ctx.Module(), apexContributionsMetadataDepTag, "all_apex_contributions")
@@ -198,8 +175,8 @@
 	}
 	jarArgs := resourcePathsToJarArgs(transitiveSrcFiles)
 	jarArgs = append(jarArgs, "-srcjar") // Move srcfiles to the right package
-	b.srcjar = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, ctx.ModuleName()+"-transitive.srcjar").OutputPath
-	TransformResourcesToJar(ctx, b.srcjar, jarArgs, transitiveSrcFiles)
+	srcjar := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, ctx.ModuleName()+"-transitive.srcjar").OutputPath
+	TransformResourcesToJar(ctx, srcjar, jarArgs, transitiveSrcFiles)
 
 	// Gather all the fragments dependencies.
 	b.fragments = gatherApexModulePairDepsWithTag(ctx, bootclasspathFragmentDepTag)
@@ -213,6 +190,11 @@
 
 	bootDexJarByModule := b.generateHiddenAPIBuildActions(ctx, b.configuredModules, b.fragments)
 	buildRuleForBootJarsPackageCheck(ctx, bootDexJarByModule)
+
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles(android.Paths{b.hiddenAPIFlagsCSV}, "hiddenapi-flags.csv")
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles(android.Paths{b.hiddenAPIIndexCSV}, "hiddenapi-index.csv")
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles(android.Paths{b.hiddenAPIMetadataCSV}, "hiddenapi-metadata.csv")
+	ctx.SetOutputFiles(android.Paths{srcjar}, ".srcjar")
 }
 
 // Generate classpaths.proto config
diff --git a/java/robolectric.go b/java/robolectric.go
index 18386c9..4cad5b1 100644
--- a/java/robolectric.go
+++ b/java/robolectric.go
@@ -29,8 +29,12 @@
 )
 
 func init() {
-	android.RegisterModuleType("android_robolectric_test", RobolectricTestFactory)
-	android.RegisterModuleType("android_robolectric_runtimes", robolectricRuntimesFactory)
+	RegisterRobolectricBuildComponents(android.InitRegistrationContext)
+}
+
+func RegisterRobolectricBuildComponents(ctx android.RegistrationContext) {
+	ctx.RegisterModuleType("android_robolectric_test", RobolectricTestFactory)
+	ctx.RegisterModuleType("android_robolectric_runtimes", robolectricRuntimesFactory)
 }
 
 var robolectricDefaultLibs = []string{
@@ -74,6 +78,8 @@
 
 	// Use strict mode to limit access of Robolectric API directly. See go/roboStrictMode
 	Strict_mode *bool
+
+	Jni_libs []string
 }
 
 type robolectricTest struct {
@@ -116,7 +122,7 @@
 
 	if v := String(r.robolectricProperties.Robolectric_prebuilt_version); v != "" {
 		ctx.AddVariationDependencies(nil, libTag, fmt.Sprintf(robolectricPrebuiltLibPattern, v))
-	} else if !proptools.Bool(r.robolectricProperties.Strict_mode) {
+	} else if !proptools.BoolDefault(r.robolectricProperties.Strict_mode, true) {
 		if proptools.Bool(r.robolectricProperties.Upstream) {
 			ctx.AddVariationDependencies(nil, libTag, robolectricCurrentLib+"_upstream")
 		} else {
@@ -124,8 +130,11 @@
 		}
 	}
 
-	if proptools.Bool(r.robolectricProperties.Strict_mode) {
+	if proptools.BoolDefault(r.robolectricProperties.Strict_mode, true) {
 		ctx.AddVariationDependencies(nil, roboRuntimeOnlyTag, robolectricCurrentLib+"_upstream")
+	} else {
+		// opting out from strict mode, robolectric_non_strict_mode_permission lib should be added
+		ctx.AddVariationDependencies(nil, libTag, "robolectric_non_strict_mode_permission")
 	}
 
 	ctx.AddVariationDependencies(nil, libTag, robolectricDefaultLibs...)
@@ -134,6 +143,10 @@
 
 	ctx.AddFarVariationDependencies(ctx.Config().BuildOSCommonTarget.Variations(),
 		roboRuntimesTag, "robolectric-android-all-prebuilts")
+
+	for _, lib := range r.robolectricProperties.Jni_libs {
+		ctx.AddVariationDependencies(ctx.Config().BuildOSTarget.Variations(), jniLibTag, lib)
+	}
 }
 
 func (r *robolectricTest) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext) {
@@ -267,6 +280,12 @@
 		installDeps = append(installDeps, installedData)
 	}
 
+	soInstallPath := installPath.Join(ctx, getLibPath(r.forceArchType))
+	for _, jniLib := range collectTransitiveJniDeps(ctx) {
+		installJni := ctx.InstallFile(soInstallPath, jniLib.path.Base(), jniLib.path)
+		installDeps = append(installDeps, installJni)
+	}
+
 	r.installFile = ctx.InstallFile(installPath, ctx.ModuleName()+".jar", r.combinedJar, installDeps...)
 	android.SetProvider(ctx, testing.TestModuleProviderKey, testing.TestModuleProviderData{})
 }
diff --git a/java/robolectric_test.go b/java/robolectric_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4775bac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/robolectric_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+// Copyright 2024 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package java
+
+import (
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+
+	"android/soong/android"
+)
+
+var prepareRobolectricRuntime = android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+	android.FixtureRegisterWithContext(func(ctx android.RegistrationContext) {
+		RegisterRobolectricBuildComponents(ctx)
+	}),
+	android.FixtureAddTextFile("robolectric/Android.bp", `
+	java_library {
+		name: "Robolectric_all-target_upstream",
+		srcs: ["Robo.java"]
+	}
+
+	java_library {
+		name: "mockito-robolectric-prebuilt",
+		srcs: ["Mockito.java"]
+	}
+
+	java_library {
+		name: "truth",
+		srcs: ["Truth.java"]
+	}
+
+	java_library {
+		name: "junitxml",
+		srcs: ["JUnitXml.java"]
+	}
+
+	java_library_host {
+		name: "robolectric-host-android_all",
+		srcs: ["Runtime.java"]
+	}
+
+	android_robolectric_runtimes {
+		name: "robolectric-android-all-prebuilts",
+		jars: ["android-all/Runtime.jar"],
+		lib: "robolectric-host-android_all",
+	}
+	`),
+)
+
+func TestRobolectricJniTest(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS != "linux" {
+		t.Skip("requires linux")
+	}
+
+	ctx := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		PrepareForIntegrationTestWithJava,
+		prepareRobolectricRuntime,
+	).RunTestWithBp(t, `
+	android_app {
+		name: "inst-target",
+		srcs: ["App.java"],
+		platform_apis: true,
+	}
+
+	cc_library_shared {
+		name: "jni-lib1",
+		host_supported: true,
+		srcs: ["jni.cpp"],
+	}
+
+	android_robolectric_test {
+		name: "robo-test",
+		instrumentation_for: "inst-target",
+		srcs: ["FooTest.java"],
+		jni_libs: [
+			"jni-lib1"
+		],
+	}
+	`)
+
+	CheckModuleHasDependency(t, ctx.TestContext, "robo-test", "android_common", "jni-lib1")
+
+	// Check that the .so files make it into the output.
+	module := ctx.ModuleForTests("robo-test", "android_common")
+	module.Output(installPathPrefix + "/robo-test/lib64/jni-lib1.so")
+}
diff --git a/java/sdk_library.go b/java/sdk_library.go
index e6cb6c4..1eb7ab8 100644
--- a/java/sdk_library.go
+++ b/java/sdk_library.go
@@ -538,9 +538,6 @@
 	// of the API.
 	Api_packages []string
 
-	// list of package names that must be hidden from the API
-	Hidden_api_packages []string
-
 	// the relative path to the directory containing the api specification files.
 	// Defaults to "api".
 	Api_dir *string
@@ -1086,57 +1083,26 @@
 	return regexp.MustCompile(fmt.Sprintf(`^\.(%s)\.(%s)$`, scopesRegexp, componentsRegexp))
 }()
 
-// For OutputFileProducer interface
-//
-// .<scope>.<component name>, for all ComponentNames (for example: .public.removed-api.txt)
-func (c *commonToSdkLibraryAndImport) commonOutputFiles(tag string) (android.Paths, error) {
-	if groups := tagSplitter.FindStringSubmatch(tag); groups != nil {
-		scopeName := groups[1]
-		component := groups[2]
-
-		if scope, ok := scopeByName[scopeName]; ok {
-			paths := c.findScopePaths(scope)
-			if paths == nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q does not provide api scope %s", c.module.RootLibraryName(), scopeName)
-			}
-
-			switch component {
-			case stubsSourceComponentName:
-				if paths.stubsSrcJar.Valid() {
-					return android.Paths{paths.stubsSrcJar.Path()}, nil
-				}
-
-			case apiTxtComponentName:
-				if paths.currentApiFilePath.Valid() {
-					return android.Paths{paths.currentApiFilePath.Path()}, nil
-				}
-
-			case removedApiTxtComponentName:
-				if paths.removedApiFilePath.Valid() {
-					return android.Paths{paths.removedApiFilePath.Path()}, nil
-				}
-
-			case annotationsComponentName:
-				if paths.annotationsZip.Valid() {
-					return android.Paths{paths.annotationsZip.Path()}, nil
-				}
-			}
-
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s not available for api scope %s", component, scopeName)
-		} else {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown scope %s in %s", scope, tag)
+func (module *commonToSdkLibraryAndImport) setOutputFiles(ctx android.ModuleContext) {
+	if module.doctagPaths != nil {
+		ctx.SetOutputFiles(module.doctagPaths, ".doctags")
+	}
+	for _, scopeName := range android.SortedKeys(scopeByName) {
+		paths := module.findScopePaths(scopeByName[scopeName])
+		if paths == nil {
+			continue
 		}
-
-	} else {
-		switch tag {
-		case ".doctags":
-			if c.doctagPaths != nil {
-				return c.doctagPaths, nil
-			} else {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("no doctag_files specified on %s", c.module.RootLibraryName())
+		componentToOutput := map[string]android.OptionalPath{
+			stubsSourceComponentName:   paths.stubsSrcJar,
+			apiTxtComponentName:        paths.currentApiFilePath,
+			removedApiTxtComponentName: paths.removedApiFilePath,
+			annotationsComponentName:   paths.annotationsZip,
+		}
+		for _, component := range android.SortedKeys(componentToOutput) {
+			if componentToOutput[component].Valid() {
+				ctx.SetOutputFiles(android.Paths{componentToOutput[component].Path()}, "."+scopeName+"."+component)
 			}
 		}
-		return nil, nil
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1579,20 +1545,6 @@
 	}
 }
 
-func (module *SdkLibrary) OutputFiles(tag string) (android.Paths, error) {
-	paths, err := module.commonOutputFiles(tag)
-	if paths != nil || err != nil {
-		return paths, err
-	}
-	if module.requiresRuntimeImplementationLibrary() {
-		return module.implLibraryModule.OutputFiles(tag)
-	}
-	if tag == "" {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported module reference tag %q", tag)
-}
-
 func (module *SdkLibrary) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext) {
 	if disableSourceApexVariant(ctx) {
 		// Prebuilts are active, do not create the installation rules for the source javalib.
@@ -1702,6 +1654,10 @@
 		}
 	}
 	android.SetProvider(ctx, android.AdditionalSdkInfoProvider, android.AdditionalSdkInfo{additionalSdkInfo})
+	module.setOutputFiles(ctx)
+	if module.requiresRuntimeImplementationLibrary() && module.implLibraryModule != nil {
+		setOutputFiles(ctx, module.implLibraryModule.Module)
+	}
 }
 
 func (module *SdkLibrary) BuiltInstalledForApex() []dexpreopterInstall {
@@ -2007,10 +1963,6 @@
 	if len(module.sdkLibraryProperties.Api_packages) != 0 {
 		droidstubsArgs = append(droidstubsArgs, "--stub-packages "+strings.Join(module.sdkLibraryProperties.Api_packages, ":"))
 	}
-	if len(module.sdkLibraryProperties.Hidden_api_packages) != 0 {
-		droidstubsArgs = append(droidstubsArgs,
-			android.JoinWithPrefix(module.sdkLibraryProperties.Hidden_api_packages, " --hide-package "))
-	}
 	droidstubsArgs = append(droidstubsArgs, module.sdkLibraryProperties.Droiddoc_options...)
 	disabledWarnings := []string{"HiddenSuperclass"}
 	if proptools.BoolDefault(module.sdkLibraryProperties.Api_lint.Legacy_errors_allowed, true) {
@@ -2937,18 +2889,6 @@
 
 var _ hiddenAPIModule = (*SdkLibraryImport)(nil)
 
-func (module *SdkLibraryImport) OutputFiles(tag string) (android.Paths, error) {
-	paths, err := module.commonOutputFiles(tag)
-	if paths != nil || err != nil {
-		return paths, err
-	}
-	if module.implLibraryModule != nil {
-		return module.implLibraryModule.OutputFiles(tag)
-	} else {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-}
-
 func (module *SdkLibraryImport) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext) {
 	module.generateCommonBuildActions(ctx)
 
@@ -3031,6 +2971,11 @@
 			}
 		}
 	}
+
+	module.setOutputFiles(ctx)
+	if module.implLibraryModule != nil {
+		setOutputFiles(ctx, module.implLibraryModule.Module)
+	}
 }
 
 func (module *SdkLibraryImport) sdkJars(ctx android.BaseModuleContext, sdkVersion android.SdkSpec, headerJars bool) android.Paths {
diff --git a/java/sdk_library_test.go b/java/sdk_library_test.go
index 39f8c76..a8a1494 100644
--- a/java/sdk_library_test.go
+++ b/java/sdk_library_test.go
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@
 		PrepareForTestWithJavaSdkLibraryFiles,
 		FixtureWithLastReleaseApis("foo"),
 	).
-		ExtendWithErrorHandler(android.FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(`module "bar" variant "android_common": failed to get output file from module "foo" at tag ".public.annotations.zip": annotations.zip not available for api scope public`)).
+		ExtendWithErrorHandler(android.FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(`module "bar" variant "android_common": unsupported module reference tag ".public.annotations.zip"`)).
 		RunTestWithBp(t, `
 		java_sdk_library {
 			name: "foo",
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@
 		PrepareForTestWithJavaSdkLibraryFiles,
 		FixtureWithLastReleaseApis("foo"),
 	).
-		ExtendWithErrorHandler(android.FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(`"foo" does not provide api scope system`)).
+		ExtendWithErrorHandler(android.FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(`module "bar" variant "android_common": unsupported module reference tag ".system.stubs.source"`)).
 		RunTestWithBp(t, `
 		java_sdk_library {
 			name: "foo",
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@
 
 	t.Run("stubs.source", func(t *testing.T) {
 		prepareForJavaTest.
-			ExtendWithErrorHandler(android.FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(`stubs.source not available for api scope public`)).
+			ExtendWithErrorHandler(android.FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(`module "foo" is not a SourceFileProducer or having valid output file for tag ".public.stubs.source"`)).
 			RunTestWithBp(t, bp+`
 				java_library {
 					name: "bar",
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@
 
 	t.Run("api.txt", func(t *testing.T) {
 		prepareForJavaTest.
-			ExtendWithErrorHandler(android.FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(`api.txt not available for api scope public`)).
+			ExtendWithErrorHandler(android.FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(`module "foo" is not a SourceFileProducer or having valid output file for tag ".public.api.txt"`)).
 			RunTestWithBp(t, bp+`
 				java_library {
 					name: "bar",
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@
 
 	t.Run("removed-api.txt", func(t *testing.T) {
 		prepareForJavaTest.
-			ExtendWithErrorHandler(android.FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(`removed-api.txt not available for api scope public`)).
+			ExtendWithErrorHandler(android.FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(`module "foo" is not a SourceFileProducer or having valid output file for tag ".public.removed-api.txt"`)).
 			RunTestWithBp(t, bp+`
 				java_library {
 					name: "bar",
diff --git a/linkerconfig/linkerconfig.go b/linkerconfig/linkerconfig.go
index 3a8d3cf..87c0814 100644
--- a/linkerconfig/linkerconfig.go
+++ b/linkerconfig/linkerconfig.go
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
 	// Secondly, if there's provideLibs gathered from provideModules, append them
 	var provideLibs []string
 	for _, m := range provideModules {
-		if c, ok := m.(*cc.Module); ok && cc.IsStubTarget(c) {
+		if c, ok := m.(*cc.Module); ok && (cc.IsStubTarget(c) || c.HasLlndkStubs()) {
 			for _, ps := range c.PackagingSpecs() {
 				provideLibs = append(provideLibs, ps.FileName())
 			}
diff --git a/rust/benchmark.go b/rust/benchmark.go
index c0f1e24..8c3e515 100644
--- a/rust/benchmark.go
+++ b/rust/benchmark.go
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 type BenchmarkProperties struct {
 	// Disables the creation of a test-specific directory when used with
 	// relative_install_path. Useful if several tests need to be in the same
-	// directory, but test_per_src doesn't work.
+	// directory.
 	No_named_install_directory *bool
 
 	// the name of the test configuration (for example "AndroidBenchmark.xml") that should be
diff --git a/rust/binary.go b/rust/binary.go
index 9969513..cba29a0 100644
--- a/rust/binary.go
+++ b/rust/binary.go
@@ -134,6 +134,9 @@
 	ret := buildOutput{outputFile: outputFile}
 	crateRootPath := crateRootPath(ctx, binary)
 
+	// Ensure link dirs are not duplicated
+	deps.linkDirs = android.FirstUniqueStrings(deps.linkDirs)
+
 	flags.RustFlags = append(flags.RustFlags, deps.depFlags...)
 	flags.LinkFlags = append(flags.LinkFlags, deps.depLinkFlags...)
 	flags.LinkFlags = append(flags.LinkFlags, deps.linkObjects...)
diff --git a/rust/builder.go b/rust/builder.go
index 1ce92f4..f469f56 100644
--- a/rust/builder.go
+++ b/rust/builder.go
@@ -520,6 +520,9 @@
 	// this flag.
 	rustdocFlags = append(rustdocFlags, "-Z", "unstable-options", "--enable-index-page")
 
+	// Ensure we use any special-case code-paths for Soong.
+	rustdocFlags = append(rustdocFlags, "--cfg", "soong")
+
 	targetTriple := ctx.toolchain().RustTriple()
 
 	// Collect rustc flags
diff --git a/rust/builder_test.go b/rust/builder_test.go
index c093ac4..ae5ccde 100644
--- a/rust/builder_test.go
+++ b/rust/builder_test.go
@@ -65,6 +65,11 @@
 			crate_name: "rust_ffi",
 			srcs: ["lib.rs"],
 		}
+		rust_ffi_static {
+			name: "librust_ffi_static",
+			crate_name: "rust_ffi",
+			srcs: ["lib.rs"],
+		}
 	`)
 	testcases := []struct {
 		testName      string
@@ -118,14 +123,14 @@
 			},
 		},
 		{
-			testName:   "rust_ffi static",
-			moduleName: "librust_ffi",
-			variant:    "android_arm64_armv8-a_static",
+			testName:   "rust_ffi_static rlib",
+			moduleName: "librust_ffi_static",
+			variant:    "android_arm64_armv8-a_rlib_rlib-std",
 			expectedFiles: []string{
-				"out/soong/.intermediates/librust_ffi/android_arm64_armv8-a_static/librust_ffi.a",
-				"out/soong/.intermediates/librust_ffi/android_arm64_armv8-a_static/librust_ffi.a.clippy",
-				"out/soong/.intermediates/librust_ffi/android_arm64_armv8-a_static/meta_lic",
-				"out/soong/.intermediates/librust_ffi/android_arm64_armv8-a_static/rustdoc.timestamp",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/librust_ffi_static/android_arm64_armv8-a_rlib_rlib-std/librust_ffi_static.rlib",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/librust_ffi_static/android_arm64_armv8-a_rlib_rlib-std/librust_ffi_static.rlib.clippy",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/librust_ffi_static/android_arm64_armv8-a_rlib_rlib-std/meta_lic",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/librust_ffi_static/android_arm64_armv8-a_rlib_rlib-std/rustdoc.timestamp",
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -148,6 +153,7 @@
 				"out/soong/.intermediates/librust_ffi/android_arm64_armv8-a_shared/unstripped/librust_ffi.so",
 				"out/soong/.intermediates/librust_ffi/android_arm64_armv8-a_shared/unstripped/librust_ffi.so.toc",
 				"out/soong/.intermediates/librust_ffi/android_arm64_armv8-a_shared/meta_lic",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/librust_ffi/android_arm64_armv8-a_shared/rustdoc.timestamp",
 				"out/soong/target/product/test_device/system/lib64/librust_ffi.so",
 			},
 		},
diff --git a/rust/config/darwin_host.go b/rust/config/darwin_host.go
index 03bea82..a4bc187 100644
--- a/rust/config/darwin_host.go
+++ b/rust/config/darwin_host.go
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 )
 
 var (
-	DarwinRustFlags     = []string{}
+	DarwinRustFlags     = []string{"-C split-debuginfo=off"}
 	DarwinRustLinkFlags = []string{
 		"-B${cc_config.MacToolPath}",
 	}
diff --git a/rust/fuzz_test.go b/rust/fuzz_test.go
index 0d4622a..6cb8b93 100644
--- a/rust/fuzz_test.go
+++ b/rust/fuzz_test.go
@@ -114,17 +114,23 @@
 				srcs: ["foo.rs"],
 				shared_libs: ["libcc_transitive_dep"],
 			}
+			rust_ffi_static {
+				name: "libtest_fuzzing_static",
+				crate_name: "test_fuzzing",
+				srcs: ["foo.rs"],
+				shared_libs: ["libcc_transitive_dep"],
+			}
 			cc_fuzz {
 				name: "fuzz_shared_libtest",
 				shared_libs: ["libtest_fuzzing"],
 			}
 			cc_fuzz {
 				name: "fuzz_static_libtest",
-				static_rlibs: ["libtest_fuzzing"],
+				static_libs: ["libtest_fuzzing"],
 			}
 			cc_fuzz {
 				name: "fuzz_staticffi_libtest",
-				static_libs: ["libtest_fuzzing"],
+				static_libs: ["libtest_fuzzing_static"],
 			}
 	`)
 
diff --git a/rust/image_test.go b/rust/image_test.go
index 71e271c..d84eb10 100644
--- a/rust/image_test.go
+++ b/rust/image_test.go
@@ -22,18 +22,20 @@
 	"android/soong/cc"
 )
 
-// Test that cc modules can link against vendor_available rust_ffi_rlib/rust_ffi_static libraries.
+// Test that cc modules can depend on vendor_available rust_ffi_rlib/rust_ffi_static libraries.
 func TestVendorLinkage(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := testRust(t, `
 			cc_binary {
 				name: "fizz_vendor_available",
-				static_libs: ["libfoo_vendor_static"],
-				static_rlibs: ["libfoo_vendor"],
+				static_libs: [
+					"libfoo_vendor",
+					"libfoo_vendor_static"
+				],
 				vendor_available: true,
 			}
 			cc_binary {
 				name: "fizz_soc_specific",
-				static_rlibs: ["libfoo_vendor"],
+				static_libs: ["libfoo_vendor"],
 				soc_specific: true,
 			}
 			rust_ffi_rlib {
@@ -52,8 +54,8 @@
 
 	vendorBinary := ctx.ModuleForTests("fizz_vendor_available", "android_vendor_arm64_armv8-a").Module().(*cc.Module)
 
-	if !android.InList("libfoo_vendor_static.vendor", vendorBinary.Properties.AndroidMkStaticLibs) {
-		t.Errorf("vendorBinary should have a dependency on libfoo_vendor_static.vendor: %#v", vendorBinary.Properties.AndroidMkStaticLibs)
+	if android.InList("libfoo_vendor_static.vendor", vendorBinary.Properties.AndroidMkStaticLibs) {
+		t.Errorf("vendorBinary should not have a staticlib dependency on libfoo_vendor_static.vendor: %#v", vendorBinary.Properties.AndroidMkStaticLibs)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -110,8 +112,10 @@
 	ctx := testRust(t, `
 			cc_library_shared {
 				name: "libcc_vendor_ramdisk",
-				static_rlibs: ["libfoo_vendor_ramdisk"],
-				static_libs: ["libfoo_static_vendor_ramdisk"],
+				static_libs: [
+					"libfoo_vendor_ramdisk",
+					"libfoo_static_vendor_ramdisk"
+				],
 				system_shared_libs: [],
 				vendor_ramdisk_available: true,
 			}
@@ -131,8 +135,8 @@
 
 	vendorRamdiskLibrary := ctx.ModuleForTests("libcc_vendor_ramdisk", "android_vendor_ramdisk_arm64_armv8-a_shared").Module().(*cc.Module)
 
-	if !android.InList("libfoo_static_vendor_ramdisk.vendor_ramdisk", vendorRamdiskLibrary.Properties.AndroidMkStaticLibs) {
-		t.Errorf("libcc_vendor_ramdisk should have a dependency on libfoo_static_vendor_ramdisk")
+	if android.InList("libfoo_static_vendor_ramdisk.vendor_ramdisk", vendorRamdiskLibrary.Properties.AndroidMkStaticLibs) {
+		t.Errorf("libcc_vendor_ramdisk should not have a dependency on the libfoo_static_vendor_ramdisk static library")
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/rust/library.go b/rust/library.go
index 2a21263..ba73f27 100644
--- a/rust/library.go
+++ b/rust/library.go
@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@
 	android.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_host_rlib", RustFFIRlibHostFactory)
 
 	// TODO: Remove when all instances of rust_ffi_static have been switched to rust_ffi_rlib
-	// Alias rust_ffi_static to the combined rust_ffi_rlib factory
-	android.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_static", RustFFIStaticRlibFactory)
-	android.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_host_static", RustFFIStaticRlibHostFactory)
+	// Alias rust_ffi_static to the rust_ffi_rlib factory
+	android.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_static", RustFFIRlibFactory)
+	android.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_host_static", RustFFIRlibHostFactory)
 }
 
 type VariantLibraryProperties struct {
@@ -86,8 +86,6 @@
 	VariantIsRlib bool `blueprint:"mutated"`
 	// This variant is a shared library
 	VariantIsShared bool `blueprint:"mutated"`
-	// This variant is a static library
-	VariantIsStatic bool `blueprint:"mutated"`
 	// This variant is a source provider
 	VariantIsSource bool `blueprint:"mutated"`
 
@@ -179,7 +177,7 @@
 }
 
 func (library *libraryDecorator) static() bool {
-	return library.MutatedProperties.VariantIsStatic
+	return false
 }
 
 func (library *libraryDecorator) source() bool {
@@ -205,14 +203,12 @@
 func (library *libraryDecorator) setRlib() {
 	library.MutatedProperties.VariantIsRlib = true
 	library.MutatedProperties.VariantIsDylib = false
-	library.MutatedProperties.VariantIsStatic = false
 	library.MutatedProperties.VariantIsShared = false
 }
 
 func (library *libraryDecorator) setDylib() {
 	library.MutatedProperties.VariantIsRlib = false
 	library.MutatedProperties.VariantIsDylib = true
-	library.MutatedProperties.VariantIsStatic = false
 	library.MutatedProperties.VariantIsShared = false
 }
 
@@ -229,17 +225,13 @@
 }
 
 func (library *libraryDecorator) setShared() {
-	library.MutatedProperties.VariantIsStatic = false
 	library.MutatedProperties.VariantIsShared = true
 	library.MutatedProperties.VariantIsRlib = false
 	library.MutatedProperties.VariantIsDylib = false
 }
 
 func (library *libraryDecorator) setStatic() {
-	library.MutatedProperties.VariantIsStatic = true
-	library.MutatedProperties.VariantIsShared = false
-	library.MutatedProperties.VariantIsRlib = false
-	library.MutatedProperties.VariantIsDylib = false
+	panic(fmt.Errorf("static variant is not supported for rust modules, use the rlib variant instead"))
 }
 
 func (library *libraryDecorator) setSource() {
@@ -353,7 +345,7 @@
 // type "rlib").
 func RustFFIRlibHostFactory() android.Module {
 	module, library := NewRustLibrary(android.HostSupported)
-	library.BuildOnlyRlibStatic()
+	library.BuildOnlyRlib()
 
 	library.isFFI = true
 	return module.Init()
@@ -368,30 +360,12 @@
 	return module.Init()
 }
 
-// rust_ffi_static produces a staticlib and an rlib variant
-func RustFFIStaticRlibFactory() android.Module {
-	module, library := NewRustLibrary(android.HostAndDeviceSupported)
-	library.BuildOnlyRlibStatic()
-
-	library.isFFI = true
-	return module.Init()
-}
-
-// rust_ffi_static_host produces a staticlib and an rlib variant for the host
-func RustFFIStaticRlibHostFactory() android.Module {
-	module, library := NewRustLibrary(android.HostSupported)
-	library.BuildOnlyRlibStatic()
-
-	library.isFFI = true
-	return module.Init()
-}
-
 func (library *libraryDecorator) BuildOnlyFFI() {
 	library.MutatedProperties.BuildDylib = false
 	// we build rlibs for later static ffi linkage.
 	library.MutatedProperties.BuildRlib = true
 	library.MutatedProperties.BuildShared = true
-	library.MutatedProperties.BuildStatic = true
+	library.MutatedProperties.BuildStatic = false
 
 	library.isFFI = true
 }
@@ -417,14 +391,6 @@
 	library.MutatedProperties.BuildStatic = false
 }
 
-func (library *libraryDecorator) BuildOnlyRlibStatic() {
-	library.MutatedProperties.BuildDylib = false
-	library.MutatedProperties.BuildRlib = true
-	library.MutatedProperties.BuildShared = false
-	library.MutatedProperties.BuildStatic = true
-	library.isFFI = true
-}
-
 func (library *libraryDecorator) BuildOnlyStatic() {
 	library.MutatedProperties.BuildRlib = false
 	library.MutatedProperties.BuildDylib = false
@@ -766,10 +732,13 @@
 
 	// The order of the variations (modules) matches the variant names provided. Iterate
 	// through the new variation modules and set their mutated properties.
+	var emptyVariant = false
+	var rlibVariant = false
 	for i, v := range modules {
 		switch variants[i] {
 		case rlibVariation:
 			v.(*Module).compiler.(libraryInterface).setRlib()
+			rlibVariant = true
 		case dylibVariation:
 			v.(*Module).compiler.(libraryInterface).setDylib()
 			if v.(*Module).ModuleBase.ImageVariation().Variation == android.VendorRamdiskVariation {
@@ -784,11 +753,19 @@
 			// Disable the compilation steps.
 			v.(*Module).compiler.SetDisabled()
 		case "":
-			// if there's an empty variant, alias it so it is the default variant
-			mctx.AliasVariation("")
+			emptyVariant = true
 		}
 	}
 
+	if rlibVariant && library.isFFILibrary() {
+		// If an rlib variant is set and this is an FFI library, make it the
+		// default variant so CC can link against it appropriately.
+		mctx.AliasVariation(rlibVariation)
+	} else if emptyVariant {
+		// If there's an empty variant, alias it so it is the default variant
+		mctx.AliasVariation("")
+	}
+
 	// If a source variant is created, add an inter-variant dependency
 	// between the other variants and the source variant.
 	if sourceVariant {
@@ -817,6 +794,7 @@
 					rlib := modules[0].(*Module)
 					rlib.compiler.(libraryInterface).setRlibStd()
 					rlib.Properties.RustSubName += RlibStdlibSuffix
+					mctx.AliasVariation("rlib-std")
 				} else {
 					variants := []string{"rlib-std", "dylib-std"}
 					modules := mctx.CreateLocalVariations(variants...)
diff --git a/rust/library_test.go b/rust/library_test.go
index 1133c28..35a420c 100644
--- a/rust/library_test.go
+++ b/rust/library_test.go
@@ -34,10 +34,14 @@
 			name: "libfoo.ffi",
 			srcs: ["foo.rs"],
 			crate_name: "foo"
+		}
+		rust_ffi_host_static {
+			name: "libfoo.ffi_static",
+			srcs: ["foo.rs"],
+			crate_name: "foo"
 		}`)
 
 	// Test all variants are being built.
-	libfooStatic := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo.ffi", "linux_glibc_x86_64_static").Rule("rustc")
 	libfooRlib := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo", "linux_glibc_x86_64_rlib_rlib-std").Rule("rustc")
 	libfooDylib := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo", "linux_glibc_x86_64_dylib").Rule("rustc")
 	libfooFFIRlib := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo.ffi", "linux_glibc_x86_64_rlib_rlib-std").Rule("rustc")
@@ -46,7 +50,6 @@
 	rlibCrateType := "rlib"
 	dylibCrateType := "dylib"
 	sharedCrateType := "cdylib"
-	staticCrateType := "staticlib"
 
 	// Test crate type for rlib is correct.
 	if !strings.Contains(libfooRlib.Args["rustcFlags"], "crate-type="+rlibCrateType) {
@@ -58,11 +61,6 @@
 		t.Errorf("missing crate-type for static variant, expecting %#v, rustcFlags: %#v", dylibCrateType, libfooDylib.Args["rustcFlags"])
 	}
 
-	// Test crate type for C static libraries is correct.
-	if !strings.Contains(libfooStatic.Args["rustcFlags"], "crate-type="+staticCrateType) {
-		t.Errorf("missing crate-type for static variant, expecting %#v, rustcFlags: %#v", staticCrateType, libfooStatic.Args["rustcFlags"])
-	}
-
 	// Test crate type for FFI rlibs is correct
 	if !strings.Contains(libfooFFIRlib.Args["rustcFlags"], "crate-type="+rlibCrateType) {
 		t.Errorf("missing crate-type for static variant, expecting %#v, rustcFlags: %#v", rlibCrateType, libfooFFIRlib.Args["rustcFlags"])
@@ -188,23 +186,18 @@
 
 func TestStaticLibraryLinkage(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := testRust(t, `
-		rust_ffi {
+		rust_ffi_static {
 			name: "libfoo",
 			srcs: ["foo.rs"],
 			crate_name: "foo",
 		}`)
 
 	libfoo := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo", "android_arm64_armv8-a_rlib_rlib-std")
-	libfooStatic := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo", "android_arm64_armv8-a_static")
 
 	if !android.InList("libstd", libfoo.Module().(*Module).Properties.AndroidMkRlibs) {
 		t.Errorf("Static libstd rlib expected to be a dependency of Rust rlib libraries. Rlib deps are: %#v",
 			libfoo.Module().(*Module).Properties.AndroidMkDylibs)
 	}
-	if !android.InList("libstd", libfooStatic.Module().(*Module).Properties.AndroidMkRlibs) {
-		t.Errorf("Static libstd rlib expected to be a dependency of Rust static libraries. Rlib deps are: %#v",
-			libfoo.Module().(*Module).Properties.AndroidMkDylibs)
-	}
 }
 
 func TestNativeDependencyOfRlib(t *testing.T) {
@@ -215,39 +208,31 @@
 			rlibs: ["librust_rlib"],
 			srcs: ["foo.rs"],
 		}
-		rust_ffi_static {
-			name: "libffi_static",
-			crate_name: "ffi_static",
-			rlibs: ["librust_rlib"],
-			srcs: ["foo.rs"],
-		}
 		rust_library_rlib {
 			name: "librust_rlib",
 			crate_name: "rust_rlib",
 			srcs: ["foo.rs"],
-			shared_libs: ["shared_cc_dep"],
-			static_libs: ["static_cc_dep"],
+			shared_libs: ["libshared_cc_dep"],
+			static_libs: ["libstatic_cc_dep"],
 		}
 		cc_library_shared {
-			name: "shared_cc_dep",
+			name: "libshared_cc_dep",
 			srcs: ["foo.cpp"],
 		}
 		cc_library_static {
-			name: "static_cc_dep",
+			name: "libstatic_cc_dep",
 			srcs: ["foo.cpp"],
 		}
 		`)
 
 	rustRlibRlibStd := ctx.ModuleForTests("librust_rlib", "android_arm64_armv8-a_rlib_rlib-std")
 	rustRlibDylibStd := ctx.ModuleForTests("librust_rlib", "android_arm64_armv8-a_rlib_dylib-std")
-	ffiStatic := ctx.ModuleForTests("libffi_static", "android_arm64_armv8-a_static")
 	ffiRlib := ctx.ModuleForTests("libffi_rlib", "android_arm64_armv8-a_rlib_rlib-std")
 
 	modules := []android.TestingModule{
 		rustRlibRlibStd,
 		rustRlibDylibStd,
 		ffiRlib,
-		ffiStatic,
 	}
 
 	// librust_rlib specifies -L flag to cc deps output directory on rustc command
@@ -258,17 +243,17 @@
 	// TODO: We could consider removing these flags
 	for _, module := range modules {
 		if !strings.Contains(module.Rule("rustc").Args["libFlags"],
-			"-L out/soong/.intermediates/shared_cc_dep/android_arm64_armv8-a_shared/") {
+			"-L out/soong/.intermediates/libshared_cc_dep/android_arm64_armv8-a_shared/") {
 			t.Errorf(
-				"missing -L flag for shared_cc_dep, rustcFlags: %#v",
-				rustRlibRlibStd.Rule("rustc").Args["libFlags"],
+				"missing -L flag for libshared_cc_dep of %s, rustcFlags: %#v",
+				module.Module().Name(), rustRlibRlibStd.Rule("rustc").Args["libFlags"],
 			)
 		}
 		if !strings.Contains(module.Rule("rustc").Args["libFlags"],
-			"-L out/soong/.intermediates/static_cc_dep/android_arm64_armv8-a_static/") {
+			"-L out/soong/.intermediates/libstatic_cc_dep/android_arm64_armv8-a_static/") {
 			t.Errorf(
-				"missing -L flag for static_cc_dep, rustcFlags: %#v",
-				rustRlibRlibStd.Rule("rustc").Args["libFlags"],
+				"missing -L flag for libstatic_cc_dep of %s, rustcFlags: %#v",
+				module.Module().Name(), rustRlibRlibStd.Rule("rustc").Args["libFlags"],
 			)
 		}
 	}
@@ -305,15 +290,23 @@
 				"libbar",
 				"librlib_only",
 			],
+		}
+		rust_ffi_host_static {
+			name: "libfoo.ffi.static",
+			srcs: ["foo.rs"],
+			crate_name: "foo",
+			rustlibs: [
+				"libbar",
+				"librlib_only",
+			],
 		}`)
 
 	libfooRlib := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo", "linux_glibc_x86_64_rlib_rlib-std")
 	libfooDylib := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo", "linux_glibc_x86_64_dylib")
 	libfooFFIRlib := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo.ffi", "linux_glibc_x86_64_rlib_rlib-std")
-	libfooStatic := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo.ffi", "linux_glibc_x86_64_static")
 	libfooShared := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo.ffi", "linux_glibc_x86_64_shared")
 
-	for _, static := range []android.TestingModule{libfooRlib, libfooStatic, libfooFFIRlib} {
+	for _, static := range []android.TestingModule{libfooRlib, libfooFFIRlib} {
 		if !android.InList("libbar.rlib-std", static.Module().(*Module).Properties.AndroidMkRlibs) {
 			t.Errorf("libbar not present as rlib dependency in static lib: %s", static.Module().Name())
 		}
@@ -381,6 +374,12 @@
 			crate_name: "bar",
 			rustlibs: ["libfoo"],
 		}
+		rust_ffi_static {
+			name: "libbar_static",
+			srcs: ["foo.rs"],
+			crate_name: "bar",
+			rustlibs: ["libfoo"],
+		}
 		rust_ffi {
 			name: "libbar.prefer_rlib",
 			srcs: ["foo.rs"],
@@ -394,7 +393,6 @@
 	libfooRlibDynamic := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo", "android_arm64_armv8-a_rlib_dylib-std").Module().(*Module)
 
 	libbarShared := ctx.ModuleForTests("libbar", "android_arm64_armv8-a_shared").Module().(*Module)
-	libbarStatic := ctx.ModuleForTests("libbar", "android_arm64_armv8-a_static").Module().(*Module)
 	libbarFFIRlib := ctx.ModuleForTests("libbar", "android_arm64_armv8-a_rlib_rlib-std").Module().(*Module)
 
 	// prefer_rlib works the same for both rust_library and rust_ffi, so a single check is sufficient here.
@@ -413,12 +411,6 @@
 	if !android.InList("libstd", libbarShared.Properties.AndroidMkDylibs) {
 		t.Errorf("Device rust_ffi_shared does not link libstd as an dylib")
 	}
-	if !android.InList("libstd", libbarStatic.Properties.AndroidMkRlibs) {
-		t.Errorf("Device rust_ffi_static does not link libstd as an rlib")
-	}
-	if !android.InList("libfoo.rlib-std", libbarStatic.Properties.AndroidMkRlibs) {
-		t.Errorf("Device rust_ffi_static does not link dependent rustlib rlib-std variant")
-	}
 	if !android.InList("libstd", libbarFFIRlib.Properties.AndroidMkRlibs) {
 		t.Errorf("Device rust_ffi_rlib does not link libstd as an rlib")
 	}
diff --git a/rust/rust.go b/rust/rust.go
index 3a3ca4d..9dae75e 100644
--- a/rust/rust.go
+++ b/rust/rust.go
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@
 	depFlags     []string
 	depLinkFlags []string
 
-	// linkDirs are link paths passed via -L to rustc. linkObjects are objects passed directly to the linker.
+	// linkDirs are link paths passed via -L to rustc. linkObjects are objects passed directly to the linker
 	// Both of these are exported and propagate to dependencies.
 	linkDirs    []string
 	linkObjects []string
@@ -442,9 +442,6 @@
 	// Paths to generated source files
 	SrcDeps          android.Paths
 	srcProviderFiles android.Paths
-
-	// Used by Generated Libraries
-	depExportedRlibs []cc.RustRlibDep
 }
 
 type RustLibraries []RustLibrary
@@ -465,6 +462,7 @@
 
 type flagExporter struct {
 	linkDirs    []string
+	ccLinkDirs  []string
 	linkObjects []string
 }
 
@@ -503,7 +501,7 @@
 
 var _ cc.Coverage = (*Module)(nil)
 
-func (mod *Module) IsNativeCoverageNeeded(ctx android.IncomingTransitionContext) bool {
+func (mod *Module) IsNativeCoverageNeeded(ctx cc.IsNativeCoverageNeededContext) bool {
 	return mod.coverage != nil && mod.coverage.Properties.NeedCoverageVariant
 }
 
@@ -658,6 +656,24 @@
 	panic(fmt.Errorf("BuildStaticVariant called on non-library module: %q", mod.BaseModuleName()))
 }
 
+func (mod *Module) BuildRlibVariant() bool {
+	if mod.compiler != nil {
+		if library, ok := mod.compiler.(libraryInterface); ok {
+			return library.buildRlib()
+		}
+	}
+	panic(fmt.Errorf("BuildRlibVariant called on non-library module: %q", mod.BaseModuleName()))
+}
+
+func (mod *Module) IsRustFFI() bool {
+	if mod.compiler != nil {
+		if library, ok := mod.compiler.(libraryInterface); ok {
+			return library.isFFILibrary()
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 func (mod *Module) BuildSharedVariant() bool {
 	if mod.compiler != nil {
 		if library, ok := mod.compiler.(libraryInterface); ok {
@@ -1091,7 +1107,6 @@
 	rlibDepTag          = dependencyTag{name: "rlibTag", library: true}
 	dylibDepTag         = dependencyTag{name: "dylib", library: true, dynamic: true}
 	procMacroDepTag     = dependencyTag{name: "procMacro", procMacro: true}
-	testPerSrcDepTag    = dependencyTag{name: "rust_unit_tests"}
 	sourceDepTag        = dependencyTag{name: "source"}
 	dataLibDepTag       = dependencyTag{name: "data lib"}
 	dataBinDepTag       = dependencyTag{name: "data bin"}
@@ -1237,7 +1252,6 @@
 	ctx.VisitDirectDeps(func(dep android.Module) {
 		depName := ctx.OtherModuleName(dep)
 		depTag := ctx.OtherModuleDependencyTag(dep)
-
 		if _, exists := skipModuleList[depName]; exists {
 			return
 		}
@@ -1250,8 +1264,8 @@
 			//Handle Rust Modules
 			makeLibName := rustMakeLibName(ctx, mod, rustDep, depName+rustDep.Properties.RustSubName)
 
-			switch depTag {
-			case dylibDepTag:
+			switch {
+			case depTag == dylibDepTag:
 				dylib, ok := rustDep.compiler.(libraryInterface)
 				if !ok || !dylib.dylib() {
 					ctx.ModuleErrorf("mod %q not an dylib library", depName)
@@ -1261,8 +1275,7 @@
 				mod.Properties.AndroidMkDylibs = append(mod.Properties.AndroidMkDylibs, makeLibName)
 				mod.Properties.SnapshotDylibs = append(mod.Properties.SnapshotDylibs, cc.BaseLibName(depName))
 
-			case rlibDepTag:
-
+			case depTag == rlibDepTag:
 				rlib, ok := rustDep.compiler.(libraryInterface)
 				if !ok || !rlib.rlib() {
 					ctx.ModuleErrorf("mod %q not an rlib library", makeLibName)
@@ -1277,16 +1290,25 @@
 				depPaths.depIncludePaths = append(depPaths.depIncludePaths, exportedInfo.IncludeDirs...)
 				depPaths.exportedLinkDirs = append(depPaths.exportedLinkDirs, linkPathFromFilePath(rustDep.OutputFile().Path()))
 
-			case procMacroDepTag:
+			case depTag == procMacroDepTag:
 				directProcMacroDeps = append(directProcMacroDeps, rustDep)
 				mod.Properties.AndroidMkProcMacroLibs = append(mod.Properties.AndroidMkProcMacroLibs, makeLibName)
 				// proc_macro link dirs need to be exported, so collect those here.
 				depPaths.exportedLinkDirs = append(depPaths.exportedLinkDirs, linkPathFromFilePath(rustDep.OutputFile().Path()))
 
-			case sourceDepTag:
+			case depTag == sourceDepTag:
 				if _, ok := mod.sourceProvider.(*protobufDecorator); ok {
 					collectIncludedProtos(mod, rustDep)
 				}
+			case cc.IsStaticDepTag(depTag):
+				// Rust FFI rlibs should not be declared in a Rust modules
+				// "static_libs" list as we can't handle them properly at the
+				// moment (for example, they only produce an rlib-std variant).
+				// Instead, a normal rust_library variant should be used.
+				ctx.PropertyErrorf("static_libs",
+					"found '%s' in static_libs; use a rust_library module in rustlibs instead of a rust_ffi module in static_libs",
+					depName)
+
 			}
 
 			transitiveAndroidMkSharedLibs = append(transitiveAndroidMkSharedLibs, rustDep.transitiveAndroidMkSharedLibs)
diff --git a/rust/rust_test.go b/rust/rust_test.go
index 8b96df8..0d005d0 100644
--- a/rust/rust_test.go
+++ b/rust/rust_test.go
@@ -447,23 +447,30 @@
 			export_include_dirs: ["foo_includes"]
 		}
 
+		rust_ffi_rlib {
+			name: "libbuzz",
+			crate_name: "buzz",
+			srcs: ["src/lib.rs"],
+			export_include_dirs: ["buzz_includes"]
+		}
+
 		cc_library_shared {
 			name: "libcc_shared",
 			srcs:["foo.c"],
-			static_rlibs: ["libbar"],
+			static_libs: ["libbar"],
 		}
 
 		cc_library_static {
 			name: "libcc_static",
 			srcs:["foo.c"],
-			static_rlibs: ["libfoo"],
+			static_libs: ["libbuzz"],
+			whole_static_libs: ["libfoo"],
 		}
 
 		cc_binary {
 			name: "ccBin",
 			srcs:["foo.c"],
-			static_rlibs: ["libbar"],
-			static_libs: ["libcc_static"],
+			static_libs: ["libcc_static", "libbar"],
 		}
 		`)
 
@@ -514,10 +521,13 @@
 			"-Ibar_includes", ccbin_cc.Args)
 	}
 
-	// Make sure that direct dependencies and indirect dependencies are
+	// Make sure that direct dependencies and indirect whole static dependencies are
 	// propagating correctly to the generated rlib.
 	if !strings.Contains(ccbin_rustc.Args["libFlags"], "--extern foo=") {
-		t.Errorf("Missing indirect dependency libfoo when writing generated Rust staticlib: %#v", ccbin_rustc.Args["libFlags"])
+		t.Errorf("Missing indirect whole_static_lib dependency libfoo when writing generated Rust staticlib: %#v", ccbin_rustc.Args["libFlags"])
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(ccbin_rustc.Args["libFlags"], "--extern buzz=") {
+		t.Errorf("Indirect static_lib dependency libbuzz found when writing generated Rust staticlib: %#v", ccbin_rustc.Args["libFlags"])
 	}
 	if !strings.Contains(ccbin_rustc.Args["libFlags"], "--extern bar=") {
 		t.Errorf("Missing direct dependency libbar when writing generated Rust staticlib: %#v", ccbin_rustc.Args["libFlags"])
diff --git a/rust/test.go b/rust/test.go
index 2583893..3087d8d 100644
--- a/rust/test.go
+++ b/rust/test.go
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 type TestProperties struct {
 	// Disables the creation of a test-specific directory when used with
 	// relative_install_path. Useful if several tests need to be in the same
-	// directory, but test_per_src doesn't work.
+	// directory.
 	No_named_install_directory *bool
 
 	// the name of the test configuration (for example "AndroidTest.xml") that should be
diff --git a/rust/testing.go b/rust/testing.go
index f31c591..6ee49a9 100644
--- a/rust/testing.go
+++ b/rust/testing.go
@@ -189,11 +189,11 @@
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi", RustFFIFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_shared", RustFFISharedFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_rlib", RustFFIRlibFactory)
-	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_static", RustFFIStaticRlibFactory)
+	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_static", RustFFIRlibFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_host", RustFFIHostFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_host_shared", RustFFISharedHostFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_host_rlib", RustFFIRlibHostFactory)
-	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_host_static", RustFFIStaticRlibHostFactory)
+	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_host_static", RustFFIRlibHostFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_proc_macro", ProcMacroFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_protobuf", RustProtobufFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_protobuf_host", RustProtobufHostFactory)
diff --git a/scripts/gen_build_prop.py b/scripts/gen_build_prop.py
index 42e3207..799e00b 100644
--- a/scripts/gen_build_prop.py
+++ b/scripts/gen_build_prop.py
@@ -19,9 +19,12 @@
 import argparse
 import contextlib
 import json
+import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
 
+TEST_KEY_DIR = "build/make/target/product/security"
+
 def get_build_variant(product_config):
   if product_config["Eng"]:
     return "eng"
diff --git a/sdk/cc_sdk_test.go b/sdk/cc_sdk_test.go
index 9490d12..5d76930 100644
--- a/sdk/cc_sdk_test.go
+++ b/sdk/cc_sdk_test.go
@@ -148,6 +148,9 @@
             srcs: ["linux_glibc/x86_64/lib/sdkmember.so"],
         },
     },
+    strip: {
+        none: true,
+    },
 }
 `),
 		checkAllCopyRules(`
@@ -368,6 +371,9 @@
             srcs: ["arm/lib/mynativelib.so"],
         },
     },
+    strip: {
+        none: true,
+    },
 }
 `),
 		checkAllCopyRules(`
@@ -455,6 +461,9 @@
             },
         },
     },
+    strip: {
+        none: true,
+    },
 }
 `),
 		checkAllCopyRules(`
@@ -697,6 +706,9 @@
             srcs: ["x86_64/lib/mynativelib.so"],
         },
     },
+    strip: {
+        none: true,
+    },
 }
 `),
 		checkAllCopyRules(`
@@ -824,6 +836,9 @@
             export_include_dirs: ["arm/include_gen/mynativelib/android_arm_armv7-a-neon_shared/gen/aidl"],
         },
     },
+    strip: {
+        none: true,
+    },
 }
 `),
 		checkAllCopyRules(`
@@ -932,6 +947,9 @@
             srcs: ["arm/lib/mynativelib.so"],
         },
     },
+    strip: {
+        none: true,
+    },
 }
 
 cc_prebuilt_library_shared {
@@ -950,6 +968,9 @@
             srcs: ["arm/lib/myothernativelib.so"],
         },
     },
+    strip: {
+        none: true,
+    },
 }
 
 cc_prebuilt_library_shared {
@@ -967,6 +988,9 @@
             srcs: ["arm/lib/mysystemnativelib.so"],
         },
     },
+    strip: {
+        none: true,
+    },
 }
 `),
 		checkAllCopyRules(`
@@ -1041,6 +1065,9 @@
             export_include_dirs: ["x86/include_gen/mynativelib/linux_glibc_x86_shared/gen/aidl"],
         },
     },
+    strip: {
+        none: true,
+    },
 }
 `),
 		checkAllCopyRules(`
@@ -1127,6 +1154,9 @@
             srcs: ["windows/x86_64/lib/mynativelib.dll"],
         },
     },
+    strip: {
+        none: true,
+    },
 }
 `),
 		checkAllCopyRules(`
@@ -2021,6 +2051,9 @@
             srcs: ["arm/lib/sslnil.so"],
         },
     },
+    strip: {
+        none: true,
+    },
 }
 
 cc_prebuilt_library_shared {
@@ -2038,6 +2071,9 @@
             srcs: ["arm/lib/sslempty.so"],
         },
     },
+    strip: {
+        none: true,
+    },
 }
 
 cc_prebuilt_library_shared {
@@ -2055,6 +2091,9 @@
             srcs: ["arm/lib/sslnonempty.so"],
         },
     },
+    strip: {
+        none: true,
+    },
 }
 `))
 
@@ -2114,6 +2153,9 @@
             srcs: ["linux_glibc/x86/lib/sslvariants.so"],
         },
     },
+    strip: {
+        none: true,
+    },
 }
 `),
 	)
@@ -2154,6 +2196,7 @@
     prefer: false,
     visibility: ["//visibility:public"],
     apex_available: ["//apex_available:platform"],
+    stl: "none",
     compile_multilib: "both",
     stubs: {
         versions: [
@@ -2171,6 +2214,9 @@
             srcs: ["arm/lib/stubslib.so"],
         },
     },
+    strip: {
+        none: true,
+    },
 }
 `))
 }
@@ -2242,6 +2288,9 @@
             srcs: ["linux_glibc/x86/lib/stubslib.so"],
         },
     },
+    strip: {
+        none: true,
+    },
 }
 `),
 	)
@@ -2298,6 +2347,9 @@
             srcs: ["linux_glibc/x86/lib/mylib-host.so"],
         },
     },
+    strip: {
+        none: true,
+    },
 }
 `),
 		checkAllCopyRules(`
@@ -2355,6 +2407,9 @@
             srcs: ["arm/lib/mynativelib.so"],
         },
     },
+    strip: {
+        none: true,
+    },
 }
 `),
 		checkAllCopyRules(`
diff --git a/sdk/update.go b/sdk/update.go
index 0a97fd9..198c8d4 100644
--- a/sdk/update.go
+++ b/sdk/update.go
@@ -434,6 +434,14 @@
 		prebuiltModule := memberType.AddPrebuiltModule(memberCtx, member)
 		s.createMemberSnapshot(memberCtx, member, prebuiltModule.(*bpModule))
 
+		// Set stripper to none to skip stripping for generated snapshots.
+		// Mainline prebuilts (cc_prebuilt_library_shared) are not strippable in older platforms.
+		// Thus, stripping should be skipped when being used as prebuilts.
+		if memberType.DisablesStrip() {
+			stripPropertySet := prebuiltModule.(*bpModule).AddPropertySet("strip")
+			stripPropertySet.AddProperty("none", true)
+		}
+
 		if member.memberType != android.LicenseModuleSdkMemberType && !builder.isInternalMember(member.name) {
 			// More exceptions
 			// 1. Skip BCP and SCCP fragments
diff --git a/ui/build/config.go b/ui/build/config.go
index 1d5269c..2470f84 100644
--- a/ui/build/config.go
+++ b/ui/build/config.go
@@ -121,6 +121,10 @@
 	// There's quite a bit of overlap with module-info.json and soong module graph. We
 	// could consider merging them.
 	moduleDebugFile string
+
+	// Whether to use n2 instead of ninja.  This is controlled with the
+	// environment variable SOONG_USE_N2
+	useN2 bool
 }
 
 type NinjaWeightListSource uint
@@ -283,6 +287,10 @@
 		ret.moduleDebugFile, _ = filepath.Abs(shared.JoinPath(ret.SoongOutDir(), "soong-debug-info.json"))
 	}
 
+	if os.Getenv("SOONG_USE_N2") == "true" {
+		ret.useN2 = true
+	}
+
 	ret.environ.Unset(
 		// We're already using it
 		"USE_SOONG_UI",
@@ -313,6 +321,7 @@
 		"DISPLAY",
 		"GREP_OPTIONS",
 		"JAVAC",
+		"LEX",
 		"NDK_ROOT",
 		"POSIXLY_CORRECT",
 
@@ -338,6 +347,9 @@
 
 		// We read it here already, don't let others share in the fun
 		"GENERATE_SOONG_DEBUG",
+
+		// Use config.useN2 instead.
+		"SOONG_USE_N2",
 	)
 
 	if ret.UseGoma() || ret.ForceUseGoma() {
diff --git a/ui/build/ninja.go b/ui/build/ninja.go
index ae27330..1935e72 100644
--- a/ui/build/ninja.go
+++ b/ui/build/ninja.go
@@ -56,6 +56,17 @@
 		"-d", "stats",
 		"--frontend_file", fifo,
 	}
+	if config.useN2 {
+		executable = config.PrebuiltBuildTool("n2")
+		args = []string{
+			"-d", "trace",
+			// TODO: implement these features, or remove them.
+			//"-d", "keepdepfile",
+			//"-d", "keeprsp",
+			//"-d", "stats",
+			"--frontend-file", fifo,
+		}
+	}
 
 	args = append(args, config.NinjaArgs()...)
 
@@ -72,17 +83,21 @@
 
 	args = append(args, "-f", config.CombinedNinjaFile())
 
-	args = append(args,
-		"-o", "usesphonyoutputs=yes",
-		"-w", "dupbuild=err",
-		"-w", "missingdepfile=err")
+	if !config.useN2 {
+		args = append(args,
+			"-o", "usesphonyoutputs=yes",
+			"-w", "dupbuild=err",
+			"-w", "missingdepfile=err")
+	}
 
 	if !config.BuildBrokenMissingOutputs() {
 		// Missing outputs will be treated as errors.
 		// BUILD_BROKEN_MISSING_OUTPUTS can be used to bypass this check.
-		args = append(args,
-			"-w", "missingoutfile=err",
-		)
+		if !config.useN2 {
+			args = append(args,
+				"-w", "missingoutfile=err",
+			)
+		}
 	}
 
 	cmd := Command(ctx, config, "ninja", executable, args...)
@@ -97,16 +112,22 @@
 
 	switch config.NinjaWeightListSource() {
 	case NINJA_LOG:
-		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "-o", "usesninjalogasweightlist=yes")
+		if !config.useN2 {
+			cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "-o", "usesninjalogasweightlist=yes")
+		}
 	case EVENLY_DISTRIBUTED:
 		// pass empty weight list means ninja considers every tasks's weight as 1(default value).
-		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "-o", "usesweightlist=/dev/null")
+		if !config.useN2 {
+			cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "-o", "usesweightlist=/dev/null")
+		}
 	case EXTERNAL_FILE:
 		fallthrough
 	case HINT_FROM_SOONG:
 		// The weight list is already copied/generated.
-		ninjaWeightListPath := filepath.Join(config.OutDir(), ninjaWeightListFileName)
-		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "-o", "usesweightlist="+ninjaWeightListPath)
+		if !config.useN2 {
+			ninjaWeightListPath := filepath.Join(config.OutDir(), ninjaWeightListFileName)
+			cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "-o", "usesweightlist="+ninjaWeightListPath)
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Allow both NINJA_ARGS and NINJA_EXTRA_ARGS, since both have been
@@ -206,11 +227,16 @@
 			// We don't want this build broken flag to cause reanalysis, so allow it through to the
 			// actions.
 			"BUILD_BROKEN_INCORRECT_PARTITION_IMAGES",
+			"SOONG_USE_N2",
+			"RUST_BACKTRACE",
 		}, config.BuildBrokenNinjaUsesEnvVars()...)...)
 	}
 
 	cmd.Environment.Set("DIST_DIR", config.DistDir())
 	cmd.Environment.Set("SHELL", "/bin/bash")
+	if config.useN2 {
+		cmd.Environment.Set("RUST_BACKTRACE", "1")
+	}
 
 	// Print the environment variables that Ninja is operating in.
 	ctx.Verboseln("Ninja environment: ")
diff --git a/ui/build/soong.go b/ui/build/soong.go
index 77fee0a..e18cc25 100644
--- a/ui/build/soong.go
+++ b/ui/build/soong.go
@@ -638,6 +638,22 @@
 			"--frontend_file", fifo,
 			"-f", filepath.Join(config.SoongOutDir(), "bootstrap.ninja"),
 		}
+		if config.useN2 {
+			ninjaArgs = []string{
+				// TODO: implement these features, or remove them.
+				//"-d", "keepdepfile",
+				//"-d", "stats",
+				//"-o", "usesphonyoutputs=yes",
+				//"-o", "preremoveoutputs=yes",
+				//"-w", "dupbuild=err",
+				//"-w", "outputdir=err",
+				//"-w", "missingoutfile=err",
+				"-v",
+				"-j", strconv.Itoa(config.Parallel()),
+				"--frontend-file", fifo,
+				"-f", filepath.Join(config.SoongOutDir(), "bootstrap.ninja"),
+			}
+		}
 
 		if extra, ok := config.Environment().Get("SOONG_UI_NINJA_ARGS"); ok {
 			ctx.Printf(`CAUTION: arguments in $SOONG_UI_NINJA_ARGS=%q, e.g. "-n", can make soong_build FAIL or INCORRECT`, extra)
@@ -645,8 +661,13 @@
 		}
 
 		ninjaArgs = append(ninjaArgs, targets...)
+		ninjaCmd := config.PrebuiltBuildTool("ninja")
+		if config.useN2 {
+			ninjaCmd = config.PrebuiltBuildTool("n2")
+		}
+
 		cmd := Command(ctx, config, "soong bootstrap",
-			config.PrebuiltBuildTool("ninja"), ninjaArgs...)
+			ninjaCmd, ninjaArgs...)
 
 		var ninjaEnv Environment