diff --git a/android/Android.bp b/android/Android.bp
index 4da0f4e..773aa6a 100644
--- a/android/Android.bp
+++ b/android/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
         "soong-bazel",
         "soong-cquery",
         "soong-remoteexec",
+        "soong-response",
         "soong-shared",
         "soong-ui-metrics_proto",
     ],
diff --git a/android/bazel.go b/android/bazel.go
index 9a14e70..5bb3879 100644
--- a/android/bazel.go
+++ b/android/bazel.go
@@ -137,7 +137,6 @@
 		"libc_init_static":              true,
 		"libc_init_dynamic":             true,
 		"libc_tzcode":                   true,
-		"lib_dns":                       true,
 		"libc_freebsd":                  true,
 		"libc_freebsd_large_stack":      true,
 		"libc_netbsd":                   true,
@@ -169,6 +168,7 @@
 		"liblinker_malloc":              true,
 		"liblinker_debuggerd_stub":      true,
 		"libbionic_tests_headers_posix": true,
+		"libc_dns":                      true,
 	}
 )
 
diff --git a/android/prebuilt.go b/android/prebuilt.go
index 04864a1..ebccaa7 100644
--- a/android/prebuilt.go
+++ b/android/prebuilt.go
@@ -272,11 +272,9 @@
 	}
 }
 
-// PrebuiltPostDepsMutator does two operations.  It replace dependencies on the
-// source module with dependencies on the prebuilt when both modules exist and
-// the prebuilt should be used.  When the prebuilt should not be used, disable
-// installing it.  Secondly, it also adds a sourcegroup to any filegroups found
-// in the prebuilt's 'Srcs' property.
+// PrebuiltPostDepsMutator replaces dependencies on the source module with dependencies on the
+// prebuilt when both modules exist and the prebuilt should be used.  When the prebuilt should not
+// be used, disable installing it.
 func PrebuiltPostDepsMutator(ctx BottomUpMutatorContext) {
 	if m, ok := ctx.Module().(PrebuiltInterface); ok && m.Prebuilt() != nil {
 		p := m.Prebuilt()
diff --git a/android/rule_builder.go b/android/rule_builder.go
index 0d8e2b7..06e82c8 100644
--- a/android/rule_builder.go
+++ b/android/rule_builder.go
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 
 	"android/soong/cmd/sbox/sbox_proto"
 	"android/soong/remoteexec"
+	"android/soong/response"
 	"android/soong/shared"
 )
 
@@ -408,30 +409,21 @@
 func (r *RuleBuilder) RspFileInputs() Paths {
 	var rspFileInputs Paths
 	for _, c := range r.commands {
-		if c.rspFileInputs != nil {
-			if rspFileInputs != nil {
-				panic("Multiple commands in a rule may not have rsp file inputs")
-			}
-			rspFileInputs = c.rspFileInputs
+		for _, rspFile := range c.rspFiles {
+			rspFileInputs = append(rspFileInputs, rspFile.paths...)
 		}
 	}
 
 	return rspFileInputs
 }
 
-// RspFile returns the path to the rspfile that was passed to the RuleBuilderCommand.FlagWithRspFileInputList method.
-func (r *RuleBuilder) RspFile() WritablePath {
-	var rspFile WritablePath
+func (r *RuleBuilder) rspFiles() []rspFileAndPaths {
+	var rspFiles []rspFileAndPaths
 	for _, c := range r.commands {
-		if c.rspFile != nil {
-			if rspFile != nil {
-				panic("Multiple commands in a rule may not have rsp file inputs")
-			}
-			rspFile = c.rspFile
-		}
+		rspFiles = append(rspFiles, c.rspFiles...)
 	}
 
-	return rspFile
+	return rspFiles
 }
 
 // Commands returns a slice containing the built command line for each call to RuleBuilder.Command.
@@ -459,26 +451,6 @@
 		Inputs(depFiles.Paths())
 }
 
-// composeRspFileContent returns a string that will serve as the contents of the rsp file to pass
-// the listed input files to the command running in the sandbox.
-func (r *RuleBuilder) composeRspFileContent(rspFileInputs Paths) string {
-	if r.sboxInputs {
-		if len(rspFileInputs) > 0 {
-			// When SandboxInputs is used the paths need to be rewritten to be relative to the sandbox
-			// directory so that they are valid after sbox chdirs into the sandbox directory.
-			return proptools.NinjaEscape(strings.Join(r.sboxPathsForInputsRel(rspFileInputs), " "))
-		} else {
-			// If the list of inputs is empty fall back to "$in" so that the rspfilecontent Ninja
-			// variable is set to something non-empty, otherwise ninja will complain.  The inputs
-			// will be empty (all the non-rspfile inputs are implicits), so $in will evaluate to
-			// an empty string.
-			return "$in"
-		}
-	} else {
-		return "$in"
-	}
-}
-
 // Build adds the built command line to the build graph, with dependencies on Inputs and Tools, and output files for
 // Outputs.
 func (r *RuleBuilder) Build(name string, desc string) {
@@ -520,8 +492,7 @@
 	commands := r.Commands()
 	outputs := r.Outputs()
 	inputs := r.Inputs()
-	rspFileInputs := r.RspFileInputs()
-	rspFilePath := r.RspFile()
+	rspFiles := r.rspFiles()
 
 	if len(commands) == 0 {
 		return
@@ -575,11 +546,22 @@
 				})
 			}
 
-			// If using an rsp file copy it into the sbox directory.
-			if rspFilePath != nil {
-				command.CopyBefore = append(command.CopyBefore, &sbox_proto.Copy{
-					From: proto.String(rspFilePath.String()),
-					To:   proto.String(r.sboxPathForInputRel(rspFilePath)),
+			// If using rsp files copy them and their contents into the sbox directory with
+			// the appropriate path mappings.
+			for _, rspFile := range rspFiles {
+				command.RspFiles = append(command.RspFiles, &sbox_proto.RspFile{
+					File: proto.String(rspFile.file.String()),
+					// These have to match the logic in sboxPathForInputRel
+					PathMappings: []*sbox_proto.PathMapping{
+						{
+							From: proto.String(r.outDir.String()),
+							To:   proto.String(sboxOutSubDir),
+						},
+						{
+							From: proto.String(PathForOutput(r.ctx).String()),
+							To:   proto.String(sboxOutSubDir),
+						},
+					},
 				})
 			}
 
@@ -641,20 +623,30 @@
 		inputs = append(inputs, sboxCmd.inputs...)
 
 		if r.rbeParams != nil {
-			var remoteInputs []string
-			remoteInputs = append(remoteInputs, inputs.Strings()...)
-			remoteInputs = append(remoteInputs, tools.Strings()...)
-			remoteInputs = append(remoteInputs, rspFileInputs.Strings()...)
-			if rspFilePath != nil {
-				remoteInputs = append(remoteInputs, rspFilePath.String())
+			// RBE needs a list of input files to copy to the remote builder.  For inputs already
+			// listed in an rsp file, pass the rsp file directly to rewrapper.  For the rest,
+			// create a new rsp file to pass to rewrapper.
+			var remoteRspFiles Paths
+			var remoteInputs Paths
+
+			remoteInputs = append(remoteInputs, inputs...)
+			remoteInputs = append(remoteInputs, tools...)
+
+			for _, rspFile := range rspFiles {
+				remoteInputs = append(remoteInputs, rspFile.file)
+				remoteRspFiles = append(remoteRspFiles, rspFile.file)
 			}
-			inputsListFile := r.sboxManifestPath.ReplaceExtension(r.ctx, "rbe_inputs.list")
-			inputsListContents := rspFileForInputs(remoteInputs)
-			WriteFileRule(r.ctx, inputsListFile, inputsListContents)
-			inputs = append(inputs, inputsListFile)
+
+			if len(remoteInputs) > 0 {
+				inputsListFile := r.sboxManifestPath.ReplaceExtension(r.ctx, "rbe_inputs.list")
+				writeRspFileRule(r.ctx, inputsListFile, remoteInputs)
+				remoteRspFiles = append(remoteRspFiles, inputsListFile)
+				// Add the new rsp file as an extra input to the rule.
+				inputs = append(inputs, inputsListFile)
+			}
 
 			r.rbeParams.OutputFiles = outputs.Strings()
-			r.rbeParams.RSPFile = inputsListFile.String()
+			r.rbeParams.RSPFiles = remoteRspFiles.Strings()
 			rewrapperCommand := r.rbeParams.NoVarTemplate(r.ctx.Config().RBEWrapper())
 			commandString = rewrapperCommand + " bash -c '" + strings.ReplaceAll(commandString, `'`, `'\''`) + "'"
 		}
@@ -672,9 +664,24 @@
 	implicitOutputs := outputs[1:]
 
 	var rspFile, rspFileContent string
-	if rspFilePath != nil {
-		rspFile = rspFilePath.String()
-		rspFileContent = r.composeRspFileContent(rspFileInputs)
+	var rspFileInputs Paths
+	if len(rspFiles) > 0 {
+		// The first rsp files uses Ninja's rsp file support for the rule
+		rspFile = rspFiles[0].file.String()
+		// Use "$in" for rspFileContent to avoid duplicating the list of files in the dependency
+		// list and in the contents of the rsp file.  Inputs to the rule that are not in the
+		// rsp file will be listed in Implicits instead of Inputs so they don't show up in "$in".
+		rspFileContent = "$in"
+		rspFileInputs = append(rspFileInputs, rspFiles[0].paths...)
+
+		for _, rspFile := range rspFiles[1:] {
+			// Any additional rsp files need an extra rule to write the file.
+			writeRspFileRule(r.ctx, rspFile.file, rspFile.paths)
+			// The main rule needs to depend on the inputs listed in the extra rsp file.
+			inputs = append(inputs, rspFile.paths...)
+			// The main rule needs to depend on the extra rsp file.
+			inputs = append(inputs, rspFile.file)
+		}
 	}
 
 	var pool blueprint.Pool
@@ -725,8 +732,12 @@
 	depFiles       WritablePaths
 	tools          Paths
 	packagedTools  []PackagingSpec
-	rspFileInputs  Paths
-	rspFile        WritablePath
+	rspFiles       []rspFileAndPaths
+}
+
+type rspFileAndPaths struct {
+	file  WritablePath
+	paths Paths
 }
 
 func (c *RuleBuilderCommand) addInput(path Path) string {
@@ -782,13 +793,6 @@
 	return path.String()
 }
 
-// SboxPathForTool takes a path to a tool, which may be an output file or a source file, and returns
-// the corresponding path for the tool in the sbox sandbox.  It assumes that sandboxing and tool
-// sandboxing are enabled.
-func SboxPathForTool(ctx BuilderContext, path Path) string {
-	return filepath.Join(sboxSandboxBaseDir, sboxPathForToolRel(ctx, path))
-}
-
 func sboxPathForToolRel(ctx BuilderContext, path Path) string {
 	// Errors will be handled in RuleBuilder.Build where we have a context to report them
 	relOut, isRelOut, _ := maybeRelErr(PathForOutput(ctx, "host", ctx.Config().PrebuiltOS()).String(), path.String())
@@ -831,17 +835,21 @@
 	return ret
 }
 
-// SboxPathForPackagedTool takes a PackageSpec for a tool and returns the corresponding path for the
-// tool after copying it into the sandbox.  This can be used  on the RuleBuilder command line to
-// reference the tool.
-func SboxPathForPackagedTool(spec PackagingSpec) string {
-	return filepath.Join(sboxSandboxBaseDir, sboxPathForPackagedToolRel(spec))
-}
-
 func sboxPathForPackagedToolRel(spec PackagingSpec) string {
 	return filepath.Join(sboxToolsSubDir, "out", spec.relPathInPackage)
 }
 
+// PathForPackagedTool takes a PackageSpec for a tool and returns the corresponding path for the
+// tool after copying it into the sandbox.  This can be used  on the RuleBuilder command line to
+// reference the tool.
+func (c *RuleBuilderCommand) PathForPackagedTool(spec PackagingSpec) string {
+	if !c.rule.sboxTools {
+		panic("PathForPackagedTool() requires SandboxTools()")
+	}
+
+	return filepath.Join(sboxSandboxBaseDir, sboxPathForPackagedToolRel(spec))
+}
+
 // PathForTool takes a path to a tool, which may be an output file or a source file, and returns
 // the corresponding path for the tool in the sbox sandbox if sbox is enabled, or the original path
 // if it is not.  This can be used  on the RuleBuilder command line to reference the tool.
@@ -852,6 +860,20 @@
 	return path.String()
 }
 
+// PathsForTools takes a list of paths to tools, which may be output files or source files, and
+// returns the corresponding paths for the tools in the sbox sandbox if sbox is enabled, or the
+// original paths if it is not.  This can be used  on the RuleBuilder command line to reference the tool.
+func (c *RuleBuilderCommand) PathsForTools(paths Paths) []string {
+	if c.rule.sbox && c.rule.sboxTools {
+		var ret []string
+		for _, path := range paths {
+			ret = append(ret, filepath.Join(sboxSandboxBaseDir, sboxPathForToolRel(c.rule.ctx, path)))
+		}
+		return ret
+	}
+	return paths.Strings()
+}
+
 // PackagedTool adds the specified tool path to the command line.  It can only be used with tool
 // sandboxing enabled by SandboxTools(), and will copy the tool into the sandbox.
 func (c *RuleBuilderCommand) PackagedTool(spec PackagingSpec) *RuleBuilderCommand {
@@ -1170,22 +1192,19 @@
 	return c.Text(flag + c.PathForOutput(path))
 }
 
-// FlagWithRspFileInputList adds the specified flag and path to an rspfile to the command line, with no separator
-// between them.  The paths will be written to the rspfile.  If sbox is enabled, the rspfile must
-// be outside the sbox directory.
+// FlagWithRspFileInputList adds the specified flag and path to an rspfile to the command line, with
+// no separator between them.  The paths will be written to the rspfile.  If sbox is enabled, the
+// rspfile must be outside the sbox directory.  The first use of FlagWithRspFileInputList in any
+// RuleBuilderCommand of a RuleBuilder will use Ninja's rsp file support for the rule, additional
+// uses will result in an auxiliary rules to write the rspFile contents.
 func (c *RuleBuilderCommand) FlagWithRspFileInputList(flag string, rspFile WritablePath, paths Paths) *RuleBuilderCommand {
-	if c.rspFileInputs != nil {
-		panic("FlagWithRspFileInputList cannot be called if rsp file inputs have already been provided")
-	}
-
 	// Use an empty slice if paths is nil, the non-nil slice is used as an indicator that the rsp file must be
 	// generated.
 	if paths == nil {
 		paths = Paths{}
 	}
 
-	c.rspFileInputs = paths
-	c.rspFile = rspFile
+	c.rspFiles = append(c.rspFiles, rspFileAndPaths{rspFile, paths})
 
 	if c.rule.sbox {
 		if _, isRel, _ := maybeRelErr(c.rule.outDir.String(), rspFile.String()); isRel {
@@ -1264,13 +1283,12 @@
 }
 func (builderContextForTests) Build(PackageContext, BuildParams) {}
 
-func rspFileForInputs(paths []string) string {
-	s := strings.Builder{}
-	for i, path := range paths {
-		if i != 0 {
-			s.WriteByte(' ')
-		}
-		s.WriteString(proptools.ShellEscape(path))
+func writeRspFileRule(ctx BuilderContext, rspFile WritablePath, paths Paths) {
+	buf := &strings.Builder{}
+	err := response.WriteRspFile(buf, paths.Strings())
+	if err != nil {
+		// There should never be I/O errors writing to a bytes.Buffer.
+		panic(err)
 	}
-	return s.String()
+	WriteFileRule(ctx, rspFile, buf.String())
 }
diff --git a/android/rule_builder_test.go b/android/rule_builder_test.go
index 9cd60a2..9c5ca41 100644
--- a/android/rule_builder_test.go
+++ b/android/rule_builder_test.go
@@ -376,8 +376,6 @@
 		wantDepMergerCommand := "out_local/host/" + ctx.Config().PrebuiltOS() + "/bin/dep_fixer " +
 			"out_local/module/DepFile out_local/module/depfile out_local/module/ImplicitDepFile out_local/module/depfile2"
 
-		wantRspFileContent := "$in"
-
 		AssertDeepEquals(t, "rule.Commands()", wantCommands, rule.Commands())
 
 		AssertDeepEquals(t, "rule.Inputs()", wantInputs, rule.Inputs())
@@ -389,8 +387,6 @@
 		AssertDeepEquals(t, "rule.OrderOnlys()", wantOrderOnlys, rule.OrderOnlys())
 
 		AssertSame(t, "rule.depFileMergerCmd()", wantDepMergerCommand, rule.depFileMergerCmd(rule.DepFiles()).String())
-
-		AssertSame(t, "rule.composeRspFileContent()", wantRspFileContent, rule.composeRspFileContent(rule.RspFileInputs()))
 	})
 
 	t.Run("sbox", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -409,8 +405,6 @@
 
 		wantDepMergerCommand := "out_local/host/" + ctx.Config().PrebuiltOS() + "/bin/dep_fixer __SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/out/DepFile __SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/out/depfile __SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/out/ImplicitDepFile __SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/out/depfile2"
 
-		wantRspFileContent := "$in"
-
 		AssertDeepEquals(t, "rule.Commands()", wantCommands, rule.Commands())
 
 		AssertDeepEquals(t, "rule.Inputs()", wantInputs, rule.Inputs())
@@ -422,8 +416,6 @@
 		AssertDeepEquals(t, "rule.OrderOnlys()", wantOrderOnlys, rule.OrderOnlys())
 
 		AssertSame(t, "rule.depFileMergerCmd()", wantDepMergerCommand, rule.depFileMergerCmd(rule.DepFiles()).String())
-
-		AssertSame(t, "rule.composeRspFileContent()", wantRspFileContent, rule.composeRspFileContent(rule.RspFileInputs()))
 	})
 
 	t.Run("sbox tools", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -442,7 +434,34 @@
 
 		wantDepMergerCommand := "__SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/tools/out/bin/dep_fixer __SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/out/DepFile __SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/out/depfile __SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/out/ImplicitDepFile __SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/out/depfile2"
 
-		wantRspFileContent := "$in"
+		AssertDeepEquals(t, "rule.Commands()", wantCommands, rule.Commands())
+
+		AssertDeepEquals(t, "rule.Inputs()", wantInputs, rule.Inputs())
+		AssertDeepEquals(t, "rule.RspfileInputs()", wantRspFileInputs, rule.RspFileInputs())
+		AssertDeepEquals(t, "rule.Outputs()", wantOutputs, rule.Outputs())
+		AssertDeepEquals(t, "rule.SymlinkOutputs()", wantSymlinkOutputs, rule.SymlinkOutputs())
+		AssertDeepEquals(t, "rule.DepFiles()", wantDepFiles, rule.DepFiles())
+		AssertDeepEquals(t, "rule.Tools()", wantTools, rule.Tools())
+		AssertDeepEquals(t, "rule.OrderOnlys()", wantOrderOnlys, rule.OrderOnlys())
+
+		AssertSame(t, "rule.depFileMergerCmd()", wantDepMergerCommand, rule.depFileMergerCmd(rule.DepFiles()).String())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("sbox inputs", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rule := NewRuleBuilder(pctx, ctx).Sbox(PathForOutput(ctx, "module"),
+			PathForOutput(ctx, "sbox.textproto")).SandboxInputs()
+		addCommands(rule)
+
+		wantCommands := []string{
+			"__SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/out/DepFile Flag FlagWithArg=arg FlagWithDepFile=__SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/out/depfile " +
+				"FlagWithInput=input FlagWithOutput=__SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/out/output " +
+				"FlagWithRspFileInputList=__SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/out/rsp Input __SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/out/Output " +
+				"__SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/out/SymlinkOutput Text __SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/tools/src/Tool after command2 old cmd",
+			"command2 __SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/out/depfile2 input2 __SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/out/output2 __SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/tools/src/tool2",
+			"command3 input3 __SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/out/output2 __SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/out/output3 input3 __SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/out/output2",
+		}
+
+		wantDepMergerCommand := "__SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/tools/out/bin/dep_fixer __SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/out/DepFile __SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/out/depfile __SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/out/ImplicitDepFile __SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/out/depfile2"
 
 		AssertDeepEquals(t, "rule.Commands()", wantCommands, rule.Commands())
 
@@ -455,8 +474,6 @@
 		AssertDeepEquals(t, "rule.OrderOnlys()", wantOrderOnlys, rule.OrderOnlys())
 
 		AssertSame(t, "rule.depFileMergerCmd()", wantDepMergerCommand, rule.depFileMergerCmd(rule.DepFiles()).String())
-
-		AssertSame(t, "rule.composeRspFileContent()", wantRspFileContent, rule.composeRspFileContent(rule.RspFileInputs()))
 	})
 }
 
@@ -472,8 +489,9 @@
 	properties struct {
 		Srcs []string
 
-		Restat bool
-		Sbox   bool
+		Restat      bool
+		Sbox        bool
+		Sbox_inputs bool
 	}
 }
 
@@ -482,9 +500,15 @@
 	out := PathForModuleOut(ctx, "gen", ctx.ModuleName())
 	outDep := PathForModuleOut(ctx, "gen", ctx.ModuleName()+".d")
 	outDir := PathForModuleOut(ctx, "gen")
+	rspFile := PathForModuleOut(ctx, "rsp")
+	rspFile2 := PathForModuleOut(ctx, "rsp2")
+	rspFileContents := PathsForSource(ctx, []string{"rsp_in"})
+	rspFileContents2 := PathsForSource(ctx, []string{"rsp_in2"})
 	manifestPath := PathForModuleOut(ctx, "sbox.textproto")
 
-	testRuleBuilder_Build(ctx, in, out, outDep, outDir, manifestPath, t.properties.Restat, t.properties.Sbox)
+	testRuleBuilder_Build(ctx, in, out, outDep, outDir, manifestPath, t.properties.Restat,
+		t.properties.Sbox, t.properties.Sbox_inputs, rspFile, rspFileContents,
+		rspFile2, rspFileContents2)
 }
 
 type testRuleBuilderSingleton struct{}
@@ -498,18 +522,35 @@
 	out := PathForOutput(ctx, "singleton/gen/baz")
 	outDep := PathForOutput(ctx, "singleton/gen/baz.d")
 	outDir := PathForOutput(ctx, "singleton/gen")
+	rspFile := PathForOutput(ctx, "singleton/rsp")
+	rspFile2 := PathForOutput(ctx, "singleton/rsp2")
+	rspFileContents := PathsForSource(ctx, []string{"rsp_in"})
+	rspFileContents2 := PathsForSource(ctx, []string{"rsp_in2"})
 	manifestPath := PathForOutput(ctx, "singleton/sbox.textproto")
-	testRuleBuilder_Build(ctx, Paths{in}, out, outDep, outDir, manifestPath, true, false)
+	testRuleBuilder_Build(ctx, Paths{in}, out, outDep, outDir, manifestPath, true, false, false,
+		rspFile, rspFileContents, rspFile2, rspFileContents2)
 }
 
-func testRuleBuilder_Build(ctx BuilderContext, in Paths, out, outDep, outDir, manifestPath WritablePath, restat, sbox bool) {
+func testRuleBuilder_Build(ctx BuilderContext, in Paths, out, outDep, outDir, manifestPath WritablePath,
+	restat, sbox, sboxInputs bool,
+	rspFile WritablePath, rspFileContents Paths, rspFile2 WritablePath, rspFileContents2 Paths) {
+
 	rule := NewRuleBuilder(pctx, ctx)
 
 	if sbox {
 		rule.Sbox(outDir, manifestPath)
+		if sboxInputs {
+			rule.SandboxInputs()
+		}
 	}
 
-	rule.Command().Tool(PathForSource(ctx, "cp")).Inputs(in).Output(out).ImplicitDepFile(outDep)
+	rule.Command().
+		Tool(PathForSource(ctx, "cp")).
+		Inputs(in).
+		Output(out).
+		ImplicitDepFile(outDep).
+		FlagWithRspFileInputList("@", rspFile, rspFileContents).
+		FlagWithRspFileInputList("@", rspFile2, rspFileContents2)
 
 	if restat {
 		rule.Restat()
@@ -540,6 +581,12 @@
 			srcs: ["bar"],
 			sbox: true,
 		}
+		rule_builder_test {
+			name: "foo_sbox_inputs",
+			srcs: ["bar"],
+			sbox: true,
+			sbox_inputs: true,
+		}
 	`
 
 	result := GroupFixturePreparers(
@@ -548,7 +595,10 @@
 		fs.AddToFixture(),
 	).RunTest(t)
 
-	check := func(t *testing.T, params TestingBuildParams, wantCommand, wantOutput, wantDepfile string, wantRestat bool, extraImplicits, extraCmdDeps []string) {
+	check := func(t *testing.T, params TestingBuildParams, rspFile2Params TestingBuildParams,
+		wantCommand, wantOutput, wantDepfile, wantRspFile, wantRspFile2 string,
+		wantRestat bool, extraImplicits, extraCmdDeps []string) {
+
 		t.Helper()
 		command := params.RuleParams.Command
 		re := regexp.MustCompile(" # hash of input list: [a-z0-9]*$")
@@ -561,9 +611,19 @@
 
 		AssertBoolEquals(t, "RuleParams.Restat", wantRestat, params.RuleParams.Restat)
 
+		wantInputs := []string{"rsp_in"}
+		AssertArrayString(t, "Inputs", wantInputs, params.Inputs.Strings())
+
 		wantImplicits := append([]string{"bar"}, extraImplicits...)
+		// The second rsp file and the files listed in it should be in implicits
+		wantImplicits = append(wantImplicits, "rsp_in2", wantRspFile2)
 		AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "Implicits", wantImplicits, params.Implicits)
 
+		wantRspFileContent := "$in"
+		AssertStringEquals(t, "RspfileContent", wantRspFileContent, params.RuleParams.RspfileContent)
+
+		AssertStringEquals(t, "Rspfile", wantRspFile, params.RuleParams.Rspfile)
+
 		AssertPathRelativeToTopEquals(t, "Output", wantOutput, params.Output)
 
 		if len(params.ImplicitOutputs) != 0 {
@@ -575,18 +635,42 @@
 		if params.Deps != blueprint.DepsGCC {
 			t.Errorf("want Deps = %q, got %q", blueprint.DepsGCC, params.Deps)
 		}
+
+		rspFile2Content := ContentFromFileRuleForTests(t, rspFile2Params)
+		AssertStringEquals(t, "rspFile2 content", "rsp_in2\n", rspFile2Content)
 	}
 
 	t.Run("module", func(t *testing.T) {
 		outFile := "out/soong/.intermediates/foo/gen/foo"
-		check(t, result.ModuleForTests("foo", "").Rule("rule").RelativeToTop(),
-			"cp bar "+outFile,
-			outFile, outFile+".d", true, nil, nil)
+		rspFile := "out/soong/.intermediates/foo/rsp"
+		rspFile2 := "out/soong/.intermediates/foo/rsp2"
+		module := result.ModuleForTests("foo", "")
+		check(t, module.Rule("rule").RelativeToTop(), module.Output(rspFile2).RelativeToTop(),
+			"cp bar "+outFile+" @"+rspFile+" @"+rspFile2,
+			outFile, outFile+".d", rspFile, rspFile2, true, nil, nil)
 	})
 	t.Run("sbox", func(t *testing.T) {
 		outDir := "out/soong/.intermediates/foo_sbox"
 		outFile := filepath.Join(outDir, "gen/foo_sbox")
 		depFile := filepath.Join(outDir, "gen/foo_sbox.d")
+		rspFile := filepath.Join(outDir, "rsp")
+		rspFile2 := filepath.Join(outDir, "rsp2")
+		manifest := filepath.Join(outDir, "sbox.textproto")
+		sbox := filepath.Join("out", "soong", "host", result.Config.PrebuiltOS(), "bin/sbox")
+		sandboxPath := shared.TempDirForOutDir("out/soong")
+
+		cmd := `rm -rf ` + outDir + `/gen && ` +
+			sbox + ` --sandbox-path ` + sandboxPath + ` --manifest ` + manifest
+		module := result.ModuleForTests("foo_sbox", "")
+		check(t, module.Output("gen/foo_sbox").RelativeToTop(), module.Output(rspFile2).RelativeToTop(),
+			cmd, outFile, depFile, rspFile, rspFile2, false, []string{manifest}, []string{sbox})
+	})
+	t.Run("sbox_inputs", func(t *testing.T) {
+		outDir := "out/soong/.intermediates/foo_sbox_inputs"
+		outFile := filepath.Join(outDir, "gen/foo_sbox_inputs")
+		depFile := filepath.Join(outDir, "gen/foo_sbox_inputs.d")
+		rspFile := filepath.Join(outDir, "rsp")
+		rspFile2 := filepath.Join(outDir, "rsp2")
 		manifest := filepath.Join(outDir, "sbox.textproto")
 		sbox := filepath.Join("out", "soong", "host", result.Config.PrebuiltOS(), "bin/sbox")
 		sandboxPath := shared.TempDirForOutDir("out/soong")
@@ -594,13 +678,18 @@
 		cmd := `rm -rf ` + outDir + `/gen && ` +
 			sbox + ` --sandbox-path ` + sandboxPath + ` --manifest ` + manifest
 
-		check(t, result.ModuleForTests("foo_sbox", "").Output("gen/foo_sbox").RelativeToTop(),
-			cmd, outFile, depFile, false, []string{manifest}, []string{sbox})
+		module := result.ModuleForTests("foo_sbox_inputs", "")
+		check(t, module.Output("gen/foo_sbox_inputs").RelativeToTop(), module.Output(rspFile2).RelativeToTop(),
+			cmd, outFile, depFile, rspFile, rspFile2, false, []string{manifest}, []string{sbox})
 	})
 	t.Run("singleton", func(t *testing.T) {
 		outFile := filepath.Join("out/soong/singleton/gen/baz")
-		check(t, result.SingletonForTests("rule_builder_test").Rule("rule").RelativeToTop(),
-			"cp bar "+outFile, outFile, outFile+".d", true, nil, nil)
+		rspFile := filepath.Join("out/soong/singleton/rsp")
+		rspFile2 := filepath.Join("out/soong/singleton/rsp2")
+		singleton := result.SingletonForTests("rule_builder_test")
+		check(t, singleton.Rule("rule").RelativeToTop(), singleton.Output(rspFile2).RelativeToTop(),
+			"cp bar "+outFile+" @"+rspFile+" @"+rspFile2,
+			outFile, outFile+".d", rspFile, rspFile2, true, nil, nil)
 	})
 }
 
diff --git a/android/testing.go b/android/testing.go
index 3f3f769..27573d5 100644
--- a/android/testing.go
+++ b/android/testing.go
@@ -539,8 +539,7 @@
 // The parts of this structure which are changed are:
 // * BuildParams
 //   * Args
-//   * Path instances are intentionally not modified, use AssertPathRelativeToTopEquals or
-//     AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals instead which do something similar.
+//   * All Path, Paths, WritablePath and WritablePaths fields.
 //
 // * RuleParams
 //   * Command
@@ -564,6 +563,20 @@
 	// Take a copy of the build params and replace any args that contains test specific temporary
 	// paths with paths relative to the top.
 	bparams := p.BuildParams
+	bparams.Depfile = normalizeWritablePathRelativeToTop(bparams.Depfile)
+	bparams.Output = normalizeWritablePathRelativeToTop(bparams.Output)
+	bparams.Outputs = bparams.Outputs.RelativeToTop()
+	bparams.SymlinkOutput = normalizeWritablePathRelativeToTop(bparams.SymlinkOutput)
+	bparams.SymlinkOutputs = bparams.SymlinkOutputs.RelativeToTop()
+	bparams.ImplicitOutput = normalizeWritablePathRelativeToTop(bparams.ImplicitOutput)
+	bparams.ImplicitOutputs = bparams.ImplicitOutputs.RelativeToTop()
+	bparams.Input = normalizePathRelativeToTop(bparams.Input)
+	bparams.Inputs = bparams.Inputs.RelativeToTop()
+	bparams.Implicit = normalizePathRelativeToTop(bparams.Implicit)
+	bparams.Implicits = bparams.Implicits.RelativeToTop()
+	bparams.OrderOnly = bparams.OrderOnly.RelativeToTop()
+	bparams.Validation = normalizePathRelativeToTop(bparams.Validation)
+	bparams.Validations = bparams.Validations.RelativeToTop()
 	bparams.Args = normalizeStringMapRelativeToTop(p.config, bparams.Args)
 
 	// Ditto for any fields in the RuleParams.
@@ -582,6 +595,20 @@
 	}
 }
 
+func normalizeWritablePathRelativeToTop(path WritablePath) WritablePath {
+	if path == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return path.RelativeToTop().(WritablePath)
+}
+
+func normalizePathRelativeToTop(path Path) Path {
+	if path == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return path.RelativeToTop()
+}
+
 // baseTestingComponent provides functionality common to both TestingModule and TestingSingleton.
 type baseTestingComponent struct {
 	config   Config
diff --git a/apex/apex.go b/apex/apex.go
index dca5595..80d9615 100644
--- a/apex/apex.go
+++ b/apex/apex.go
@@ -93,8 +93,14 @@
 	Multilib apexMultilibProperties
 
 	// List of boot images that are embedded inside this APEX bundle.
+	//
+	// deprecated: Use Bootclasspath_fragments
+	// TODO(b/177892522): Remove after has been replaced by Bootclasspath_fragments
 	Boot_images []string
 
+	// List of bootclasspath fragments that are embedded inside this APEX bundle.
+	Bootclasspath_fragments []string
+
 	// List of java libraries that are embedded inside this APEX bundle.
 	Java_libs []string
 
@@ -567,7 +573,7 @@
 	certificateTag  = dependencyTag{name: "certificate"}
 	executableTag   = dependencyTag{name: "executable", payload: true}
 	fsTag           = dependencyTag{name: "filesystem", payload: true}
-	bootImageTag    = dependencyTag{name: "bootImage", payload: true}
+	bootImageTag    = dependencyTag{name: "bootImage", payload: true, sourceOnly: true}
 	compatConfigTag = dependencyTag{name: "compatConfig", payload: true, sourceOnly: true}
 	javaLibTag      = dependencyTag{name: "javaLib", payload: true}
 	jniLibTag       = dependencyTag{name: "jniLib", payload: true}
@@ -748,6 +754,7 @@
 	// Common-arch dependencies come next
 	commonVariation := ctx.Config().AndroidCommonTarget.Variations()
 	ctx.AddFarVariationDependencies(commonVariation, bootImageTag, a.properties.Boot_images...)
+	ctx.AddFarVariationDependencies(commonVariation, bootImageTag, a.properties.Bootclasspath_fragments...)
 	ctx.AddFarVariationDependencies(commonVariation, javaLibTag, a.properties.Java_libs...)
 	ctx.AddFarVariationDependencies(commonVariation, bpfTag, a.properties.Bpfs...)
 	ctx.AddFarVariationDependencies(commonVariation, fsTag, a.properties.Filesystems...)
diff --git a/apex/apex_test.go b/apex/apex_test.go
index e0cefa1..bcbbb28 100644
--- a/apex/apex_test.go
+++ b/apex/apex_test.go
@@ -140,13 +140,13 @@
 			],
 		}
 	`),
+	prepareForTestWithMyapex,
 	android.FixtureMergeMockFs(android.MockFS{
-		"a.java":                                    nil,
-		"PrebuiltAppFoo.apk":                        nil,
-		"PrebuiltAppFooPriv.apk":                    nil,
-		"apex_manifest.json":                        nil,
-		"AndroidManifest.xml":                       nil,
-		"system/sepolicy/apex/myapex-file_contexts": nil,
+		"a.java":                 nil,
+		"PrebuiltAppFoo.apk":     nil,
+		"PrebuiltAppFooPriv.apk": nil,
+		"apex_manifest.json":     nil,
+		"AndroidManifest.xml":    nil,
 		"system/sepolicy/apex/myapex.updatable-file_contexts":         nil,
 		"system/sepolicy/apex/myapex2-file_contexts":                  nil,
 		"system/sepolicy/apex/otherapex-file_contexts":                nil,
@@ -204,6 +204,10 @@
 	}),
 )
 
+var prepareForTestWithMyapex = android.FixtureMergeMockFs(android.MockFS{
+	"system/sepolicy/apex/myapex-file_contexts": nil,
+})
+
 func setUp() {
 	var err error
 	buildDir, err = ioutil.TempDir("", "soong_apex_test")
diff --git a/apex/boot_image_test.go b/apex/boot_image_test.go
index 7e37e42..678a4cd 100644
--- a/apex/boot_image_test.go
+++ b/apex/boot_image_test.go
@@ -26,23 +26,32 @@
 // Contains tests for boot_image logic from java/boot_image.go as the ART boot image requires
 // modules from the ART apex.
 
+var prepareForTestWithBootImage = android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+	java.PrepareForTestWithDexpreopt,
+	PrepareForTestWithApexBuildComponents,
+)
+
+// Some additional files needed for the art apex.
+var prepareForTestWithArtApex = android.FixtureMergeMockFs(android.MockFS{
+	"com.android.art.avbpubkey":                          nil,
+	"com.android.art.pem":                                nil,
+	"system/sepolicy/apex/com.android.art-file_contexts": nil,
+})
+
 func TestBootImages(t *testing.T) {
-	result := apexFixtureFactory.Extend(
+	result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		prepareForTestWithBootImage,
 		// Configure some libraries in the art and framework boot images.
 		dexpreopt.FixtureSetArtBootJars("com.android.art:baz", "com.android.art:quuz"),
 		dexpreopt.FixtureSetBootJars("platform:foo", "platform:bar"),
-		filesForSdkLibrary.AddToFixture(),
-		// Some additional files needed for the art apex.
-		android.FixtureMergeMockFs(android.MockFS{
-			"com.android.art.avbpubkey":                          nil,
-			"com.android.art.pem":                                nil,
-			"system/sepolicy/apex/com.android.art-file_contexts": nil,
-		}),
+		prepareForTestWithArtApex,
+
+		java.PrepareForTestWithJavaSdkLibraryFiles,
+		java.FixtureWithLastReleaseApis("foo"),
 	).RunTestWithBp(t, `
 		java_sdk_library {
 			name: "foo",
 			srcs: ["b.java"],
-			unsafe_ignore_missing_latest_api: true,
 		}
 
 		java_library {
@@ -86,6 +95,9 @@
 		boot_image {
 			name: "art-boot-image",
 			image_name: "art",
+			apex_available: [
+				"com.android.art",
+			],
 		}
 
 		boot_image {
@@ -151,22 +163,29 @@
 	android.AssertTrimmedStringEquals(t, "invalid paths for "+moduleName, expectedBootImageFiles, strings.Join(allPaths, "\n"))
 }
 
-func TestBootImageInApex(t *testing.T) {
-	result := apexFixtureFactory.Extend(
-		// Configure some libraries in the framework boot image.
-		dexpreopt.FixtureSetBootJars("platform:foo", "platform:bar"),
+func TestBootImageInArtApex(t *testing.T) {
+	result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		prepareForTestWithBootImage,
+		prepareForTestWithArtApex,
+
+		// Configure some libraries in the art boot image.
+		dexpreopt.FixtureSetArtBootJars("com.android.art:foo", "com.android.art:bar"),
 	).RunTestWithBp(t, `
 		apex {
-			name: "myapex",
-			key: "myapex.key",
+			name: "com.android.art",
+			key: "com.android.art.key",
 			boot_images: [
 				"mybootimage",
 			],
+			java_libs: [
+				"foo",
+				"bar",
+			],
 			updatable: false,
 		}
 
 		apex_key {
-			name: "myapex.key",
+			name: "com.android.art.key",
 			public_key: "testkey.avbpubkey",
 			private_key: "testkey.pem",
 		}
@@ -175,36 +194,124 @@
 			name: "foo",
 			srcs: ["b.java"],
 			installable: true,
+			apex_available: [
+				"com.android.art",
+			],
 		}
 
 		java_library {
 			name: "bar",
 			srcs: ["b.java"],
 			installable: true,
+			apex_available: [
+				"com.android.art",
+			],
 		}
 
 		boot_image {
 			name: "mybootimage",
-			image_name: "boot",
+			image_name: "art",
 			apex_available: [
-				"myapex",
+				"com.android.art",
+			],
+		}
+
+		// Make sure that a preferred prebuilt doesn't affect the apex.
+		prebuilt_boot_image {
+			name: "mybootimage",
+			image_name: "art",
+			prefer: true,
+			apex_available: [
+				"com.android.art",
 			],
 		}
 	`)
 
-	ensureExactContents(t, result.TestContext, "myapex", "android_common_myapex_image", []string{
+	ensureExactContents(t, result.TestContext, "com.android.art", "android_common_com.android.art_image", []string{
+		"javalib/arm/boot.art",
+		"javalib/arm/boot.oat",
+		"javalib/arm/boot.vdex",
 		"javalib/arm/boot-bar.art",
 		"javalib/arm/boot-bar.oat",
 		"javalib/arm/boot-bar.vdex",
-		"javalib/arm/boot-foo.art",
-		"javalib/arm/boot-foo.oat",
-		"javalib/arm/boot-foo.vdex",
+		"javalib/arm64/boot.art",
+		"javalib/arm64/boot.oat",
+		"javalib/arm64/boot.vdex",
 		"javalib/arm64/boot-bar.art",
 		"javalib/arm64/boot-bar.oat",
 		"javalib/arm64/boot-bar.vdex",
-		"javalib/arm64/boot-foo.art",
-		"javalib/arm64/boot-foo.oat",
-		"javalib/arm64/boot-foo.vdex",
+		"javalib/bar.jar",
+		"javalib/foo.jar",
+	})
+
+	java.CheckModuleDependencies(t, result.TestContext, "com.android.art", "android_common_com.android.art_image", []string{
+		`bar`,
+		`com.android.art.key`,
+		`foo`,
+		`mybootimage`,
+	})
+}
+
+func TestBootImageInPrebuiltArtApex(t *testing.T) {
+	result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		prepareForTestWithBootImage,
+		prepareForTestWithArtApex,
+
+		android.FixtureMergeMockFs(android.MockFS{
+			"com.android.art-arm64.apex": nil,
+			"com.android.art-arm.apex":   nil,
+		}),
+
+		// Configure some libraries in the art boot image.
+		dexpreopt.FixtureSetArtBootJars("com.android.art:foo", "com.android.art:bar"),
+	).RunTestWithBp(t, `
+		prebuilt_apex {
+			name: "com.android.art",
+			arch: {
+				arm64: {
+					src: "com.android.art-arm64.apex",
+				},
+				arm: {
+					src: "com.android.art-arm.apex",
+				},
+			},
+			exported_java_libs: ["foo", "bar"],
+		}
+
+		java_import {
+			name: "foo",
+			jars: ["foo.jar"],
+			apex_available: [
+				"com.android.art",
+			],
+		}
+
+		java_import {
+			name: "bar",
+			jars: ["bar.jar"],
+			apex_available: [
+				"com.android.art",
+			],
+		}
+
+		prebuilt_boot_image {
+			name: "mybootimage",
+			image_name: "art",
+			apex_available: [
+				"com.android.art",
+			],
+		}
+	`)
+
+	java.CheckModuleDependencies(t, result.TestContext, "com.android.art", "android_common", []string{
+		`prebuilt_bar`,
+		`prebuilt_foo`,
+	})
+
+	java.CheckModuleDependencies(t, result.TestContext, "mybootimage", "android_common", []string{
+		`dex2oatd`,
+		`prebuilt_bar`,
+		`prebuilt_foo`,
 	})
 }
 
diff --git a/apex/testing.go b/apex/testing.go
index e662cad..926125f 100644
--- a/apex/testing.go
+++ b/apex/testing.go
@@ -19,4 +19,11 @@
 var PrepareForTestWithApexBuildComponents = android.GroupFixturePreparers(
 	android.FixtureRegisterWithContext(registerApexBuildComponents),
 	android.FixtureRegisterWithContext(registerApexKeyBuildComponents),
+	// Additional files needed in tests that disallow non-existent source files.
+	// This includes files that are needed by all, or at least most, instances of an apex module type.
+	android.MockFS{
+		// Needed by apex.
+		"system/core/rootdir/etc/public.libraries.android.txt": nil,
+		"build/soong/scripts/gen_ndk_backedby_apex.sh":         nil,
+	}.AddToFixture(),
 )
diff --git a/bp2build/Android.bp b/bp2build/Android.bp
index c74f902..cc616f2 100644
--- a/bp2build/Android.bp
+++ b/bp2build/Android.bp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
         "build_conversion_test.go",
         "bzl_conversion_test.go",
         "cc_library_headers_conversion_test.go",
+        "cc_library_static_conversion_test.go",
         "cc_object_conversion_test.go",
         "conversion_test.go",
         "python_binary_conversion_test.go",
diff --git a/bp2build/cc_library_headers_conversion_test.go b/bp2build/cc_library_headers_conversion_test.go
index 5bf5c80..049f84a 100644
--- a/bp2build/cc_library_headers_conversion_test.go
+++ b/bp2build/cc_library_headers_conversion_test.go
@@ -123,7 +123,8 @@
     name: "foo_headers",
     export_include_dirs: ["dir-1", "dir-2"],
     header_libs: ["lib-1", "lib-2"],
-    export_header_lib_headers: ["lib-1", "lib-2"],
+
+    // TODO: Also support export_header_lib_headers
     bazel_module: { bp2build_available: true },
 }`,
 			expectedBazelTargets: []string{`cc_library_headers(
diff --git a/bp2build/cc_library_static_conversion_test.go b/bp2build/cc_library_static_conversion_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bf5fd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bp2build/cc_library_static_conversion_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package bp2build
+
+import (
+	"android/soong/android"
+	"android/soong/cc"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+const (
+	// See cc/testing.go for more context
+	soongCcLibraryStaticPreamble = `
+cc_defaults {
+	name: "linux_bionic_supported",
+}
+
+toolchain_library {
+	name: "libclang_rt.builtins-x86_64-android",
+	defaults: ["linux_bionic_supported"],
+	vendor_available: true,
+	vendor_ramdisk_available: true,
+	product_available: true,
+	recovery_available: true,
+	native_bridge_supported: true,
+	src: "",
+}
+
+toolchain_library {
+	name: "libatomic",
+	defaults: ["linux_bionic_supported"],
+	vendor_available: true,
+	vendor_ramdisk_available: true,
+	product_available: true,
+	recovery_available: true,
+	native_bridge_supported: true,
+	src: "",
+}`
+)
+
+func TestCcLibraryStaticLoadStatement(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		bazelTargets           BazelTargets
+		expectedLoadStatements string
+	}{
+		{
+			bazelTargets: BazelTargets{
+				BazelTarget{
+					name:      "cc_library_static_target",
+					ruleClass: "cc_library_static",
+					// NOTE: No bzlLoadLocation for native rules
+				},
+			},
+			expectedLoadStatements: ``,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, testCase := range testCases {
+		actual := testCase.bazelTargets.LoadStatements()
+		expected := testCase.expectedLoadStatements
+		if actual != expected {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected load statements to be %s, got %s", expected, actual)
+		}
+	}
+
+}
+
+func TestCcLibraryStaticBp2Build(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		description                        string
+		moduleTypeUnderTest                string
+		moduleTypeUnderTestFactory         android.ModuleFactory
+		moduleTypeUnderTestBp2BuildMutator func(android.TopDownMutatorContext)
+		preArchMutators                    []android.RegisterMutatorFunc
+		depsMutators                       []android.RegisterMutatorFunc
+		bp                                 string
+		expectedBazelTargets               []string
+		filesystem                         map[string]string
+		dir                                string
+	}{
+		{
+			description:                        "cc_library_static test",
+			moduleTypeUnderTest:                "cc_library_static",
+			moduleTypeUnderTestFactory:         cc.LibraryStaticFactory,
+			moduleTypeUnderTestBp2BuildMutator: cc.CcLibraryStaticBp2Build,
+			filesystem: map[string]string{
+				// NOTE: include_dir headers *should not* appear in Bazel hdrs later (?)
+				"include_dir_1/include_dir_1_a.h": "",
+				"include_dir_1/include_dir_1_b.h": "",
+				"include_dir_2/include_dir_2_a.h": "",
+				"include_dir_2/include_dir_2_b.h": "",
+				// NOTE: local_include_dir headers *should not* appear in Bazel hdrs later (?)
+				"local_include_dir_1/local_include_dir_1_a.h": "",
+				"local_include_dir_1/local_include_dir_1_b.h": "",
+				"local_include_dir_2/local_include_dir_2_a.h": "",
+				"local_include_dir_2/local_include_dir_2_b.h": "",
+				// NOTE: export_include_dir headers *should* appear in Bazel hdrs later
+				"export_include_dir_1/export_include_dir_1_a.h": "",
+				"export_include_dir_1/export_include_dir_1_b.h": "",
+				"export_include_dir_2/export_include_dir_2_a.h": "",
+				"export_include_dir_2/export_include_dir_2_b.h": "",
+			},
+			bp: soongCcLibraryStaticPreamble + `
+cc_library_headers {
+    name: "header_lib_1",
+    export_include_dirs: ["header_lib_1"],
+}
+
+cc_library_headers {
+    name: "header_lib_2",
+    export_include_dirs: ["header_lib_2"],
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "static_lib_1",
+    srcs: ["static_lib_1.cc"],
+    bazel_module: { bp2build_available: true },
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "static_lib_2",
+    srcs: ["static_lib_2.cc"],
+    bazel_module: { bp2build_available: true },
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "whole_static_lib_1",
+    srcs: ["whole_static_lib_1.cc"],
+    bazel_module: { bp2build_available: true },
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "whole_static_lib_2",
+    srcs: ["whole_static_lib_2.cc"],
+    bazel_module: { bp2build_available: true },
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "foo_static",
+    srcs: [
+        "foo_static1.cc",
+	"foo_static2.cc",
+    ],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Dflag1",
+	"-Dflag2"
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "static_lib_1",
+	"static_lib_2"
+    ],
+    whole_static_libs: [
+        "whole_static_lib_1",
+	"whole_static_lib_2"
+    ],
+    include_dirs: [
+	"include_dir_1",
+	"include_dir_2",
+    ],
+    local_include_dirs: [
+        "local_include_dir_1",
+	"local_include_dir_2",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: [
+	"export_include_dir_1",
+	"export_include_dir_2"
+    ],
+    header_libs: [
+        "header_lib_1",
+	"header_lib_2"
+    ],
+
+    // TODO: Also support export_header_lib_headers
+
+    bazel_module: { bp2build_available: true },
+}`,
+			expectedBazelTargets: []string{`cc_library_static(
+    name = "foo_static",
+    copts = [
+        "-Dflag1",
+        "-Dflag2",
+    ],
+    deps = [
+        ":header_lib_1",
+        ":header_lib_2",
+        ":static_lib_1",
+        ":static_lib_2",
+        ":whole_static_lib_1",
+        ":whole_static_lib_2",
+    ],
+    hdrs = [
+        "export_include_dir_1/export_include_dir_1_a.h",
+        "export_include_dir_1/export_include_dir_1_b.h",
+        "export_include_dir_2/export_include_dir_2_a.h",
+        "export_include_dir_2/export_include_dir_2_b.h",
+    ],
+    includes = [
+        "export_include_dir_1",
+        "export_include_dir_2",
+        "include_dir_1",
+        "include_dir_2",
+        "local_include_dir_1",
+        "local_include_dir_2",
+    ],
+    linkstatic = True,
+    srcs = [
+        "foo_static1.cc",
+        "foo_static2.cc",
+    ],
+)`, `cc_library_static(
+    name = "static_lib_1",
+    linkstatic = True,
+    srcs = [
+        "static_lib_1.cc",
+    ],
+)`, `cc_library_static(
+    name = "static_lib_2",
+    linkstatic = True,
+    srcs = [
+        "static_lib_2.cc",
+    ],
+)`, `cc_library_static(
+    name = "whole_static_lib_1",
+    linkstatic = True,
+    srcs = [
+        "whole_static_lib_1.cc",
+    ],
+)`, `cc_library_static(
+    name = "whole_static_lib_2",
+    linkstatic = True,
+    srcs = [
+        "whole_static_lib_2.cc",
+    ],
+)`},
+		},
+	}
+
+	dir := "."
+	for _, testCase := range testCases {
+		filesystem := make(map[string][]byte)
+		toParse := []string{
+			"Android.bp",
+		}
+		for f, content := range testCase.filesystem {
+			if strings.HasSuffix(f, "Android.bp") {
+				toParse = append(toParse, f)
+			}
+			filesystem[f] = []byte(content)
+		}
+		config := android.TestConfig(buildDir, nil, testCase.bp, filesystem)
+		ctx := android.NewTestContext(config)
+
+		cc.RegisterCCBuildComponents(ctx)
+		ctx.RegisterModuleType("toolchain_library", cc.ToolchainLibraryFactory)
+		ctx.RegisterModuleType("cc_library_headers", cc.LibraryHeaderFactory)
+
+		ctx.RegisterModuleType(testCase.moduleTypeUnderTest, testCase.moduleTypeUnderTestFactory)
+		for _, m := range testCase.depsMutators {
+			ctx.DepsBp2BuildMutators(m)
+		}
+		ctx.RegisterBp2BuildMutator(testCase.moduleTypeUnderTest, testCase.moduleTypeUnderTestBp2BuildMutator)
+		ctx.RegisterForBazelConversion()
+
+		_, errs := ctx.ParseFileList(dir, toParse)
+		if Errored(t, testCase.description, errs) {
+			continue
+		}
+		_, errs = ctx.ResolveDependencies(config)
+		if Errored(t, testCase.description, errs) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		checkDir := dir
+		if testCase.dir != "" {
+			checkDir = testCase.dir
+		}
+		codegenCtx := NewCodegenContext(config, *ctx.Context, Bp2Build)
+		bazelTargets := generateBazelTargetsForDir(codegenCtx, checkDir)
+		if actualCount, expectedCount := len(bazelTargets), len(testCase.expectedBazelTargets); actualCount != expectedCount {
+			t.Errorf("%s: Expected %d bazel target, got %d", testCase.description, expectedCount, actualCount)
+		} else {
+			for i, target := range bazelTargets {
+				if w, g := testCase.expectedBazelTargets[i], target.content; w != g {
+					t.Errorf(
+						"%s: Expected generated Bazel target to be '%s', got '%s'",
+						testCase.description,
+						w,
+						g,
+					)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/bp2build/constants.go b/bp2build/constants.go
index 23bca83..70f320e 100644
--- a/bp2build/constants.go
+++ b/bp2build/constants.go
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 	// When both a BUILD and BUILD.bazel file are exist in the same package, the BUILD.bazel file will
 	// be preferred for use within a Bazel build.
 
-	// The file name used for automatically generated files. Files with this name are ignored by git.
+	// The file name used for automatically generated files.
 	GeneratedBuildFileName = "BUILD"
 	// The file name used for hand-crafted build targets.
 	HandcraftedBuildFileName = "BUILD.bazel"
diff --git a/cc/Android.bp b/cc/Android.bp
index bdbb3c0..79e92cb 100644
--- a/cc/Android.bp
+++ b/cc/Android.bp
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
         "blueprint-pathtools",
         "soong",
         "soong-android",
+        "soong-bazel",
         "soong-cc-config",
         "soong-etc",
         "soong-genrule",
diff --git a/cc/builder.go b/cc/builder.go
index 273cdd3..4771b89 100644
--- a/cc/builder.go
+++ b/cc/builder.go
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
 			Labels:          map[string]string{"type": "link", "tool": "clang"},
 			ExecStrategy:    "${config.RECXXLinksExecStrategy}",
 			Inputs:          []string{"${out}.rsp", "$implicitInputs"},
-			RSPFile:         "${out}.rsp",
+			RSPFiles:        []string{"${out}.rsp"},
 			OutputFiles:     []string{"${out}", "$implicitOutputs"},
 			ToolchainInputs: []string{"$ldCmd"},
 			Platform:        map[string]string{remoteexec.PoolKey: "${config.RECXXLinksPool}"},
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@
 			Labels:          map[string]string{"type": "tool", "name": "abi-linker"},
 			ExecStrategy:    "${config.REAbiLinkerExecStrategy}",
 			Inputs:          []string{"$sAbiLinkerLibs", "${out}.rsp", "$implicitInputs"},
-			RSPFile:         "${out}.rsp",
+			RSPFiles:        []string{"${out}.rsp"},
 			OutputFiles:     []string{"$out"},
 			ToolchainInputs: []string{"$sAbiLinker"},
 			Platform:        map[string]string{remoteexec.PoolKey: "${config.RECXXPool}"},
diff --git a/cc/cc.go b/cc/cc.go
index 0c46b24..f843b41 100644
--- a/cc/cc.go
+++ b/cc/cc.go
@@ -1363,6 +1363,19 @@
 	if ver == "apex_inherit" || ver == "" {
 		ver = ctx.sdkVersion()
 	}
+	// For crt objects, the meaning of min_sdk_version is very different from other types of
+	// module. For them, min_sdk_version defines the oldest version that the build system will
+	// create versioned variants for. For example, if min_sdk_version is 16, then sdk variant of
+	// the crt object has local variants of 16, 17, ..., up to the latest version. sdk_version
+	// and min_sdk_version properties of the variants are set to the corresponding version
+	// numbers. However, the platform (non-sdk) variant of the crt object is left untouched.
+	// min_sdk_version: 16 doesn't actually mean that the platform variant has to support such
+	// an old version. Since the variant is for the platform, it's preferred to target the
+	// latest version.
+	if ctx.mod.SplitPerApiLevel() && !ctx.isSdkVariant() {
+		ver = strconv.Itoa(android.FutureApiLevelInt)
+	}
+
 	// Also make sure that minSdkVersion is not greater than sdkVersion, if they are both numbers
 	sdkVersionInt, err := strconv.Atoi(ctx.sdkVersion())
 	minSdkVersionInt, err2 := strconv.Atoi(ver)
@@ -1927,9 +1940,14 @@
 		return nil
 	}
 	if m.UseSdk() {
+		// Choose the CRT that best satisfies the min_sdk_version requirement of this module
+		minSdkVersion := m.MinSdkVersion()
+		if minSdkVersion == "" || minSdkVersion == "apex_inherit" {
+			minSdkVersion = m.SdkVersion()
+		}
 		return []blueprint.Variation{
 			{Mutator: "sdk", Variation: "sdk"},
-			{Mutator: "version", Variation: m.SdkVersion()},
+			{Mutator: "version", Variation: minSdkVersion},
 		}
 	}
 	return []blueprint.Variation{
diff --git a/cc/cc_test.go b/cc/cc_test.go
index 7196615..f1efbff 100644
--- a/cc/cc_test.go
+++ b/cc/cc_test.go
@@ -166,6 +166,15 @@
 	recoveryVariant = "android_recovery_arm64_armv8-a_shared"
 )
 
+// Test that the PrepareForTestWithCcDefaultModules provides all the files that it uses by
+// running it in a fixture that requires all source files to exist.
+func TestPrepareForTestWithCcDefaultModules(t *testing.T) {
+	android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		PrepareForTestWithCcDefaultModules,
+		android.PrepareForTestDisallowNonExistentPaths,
+	).RunTest(t)
+}
+
 func TestFuchsiaDeps(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Helper()
 
@@ -3628,6 +3637,71 @@
 	}
 }
 
+func TestMinSdkVersionInClangTriple(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := testCc(t, `
+		cc_library_shared {
+			name: "libfoo",
+			srcs: ["foo.c"],
+			min_sdk_version: "29",
+		}`)
+
+	cFlags := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo", "android_arm64_armv8-a_shared").Rule("cc").Args["cFlags"]
+	android.AssertStringDoesContain(t, "min sdk version", cFlags, "-target aarch64-linux-android29")
+}
+
+func TestMinSdkVersionsOfCrtObjects(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := testCc(t, `
+		cc_object {
+			name: "crt_foo",
+			srcs: ["foo.c"],
+			crt: true,
+			stl: "none",
+			min_sdk_version: "28",
+
+		}`)
+
+	arch := "android_arm64_armv8-a"
+	for _, v := range []string{"", "28", "29", "30", "current"} {
+		var variant string
+		if v == "" {
+			variant = arch
+		} else {
+			variant = arch + "_sdk_" + v
+		}
+		cflags := ctx.ModuleForTests("crt_foo", variant).Rule("cc").Args["cFlags"]
+		vNum := v
+		if v == "current" || v == "" {
+			vNum = "10000"
+		}
+		expected := "-target aarch64-linux-android" + vNum + " "
+		android.AssertStringDoesContain(t, "cflag", cflags, expected)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUseCrtObjectOfCorrectVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := testCc(t, `
+		cc_binary {
+			name: "bin",
+			srcs: ["foo.c"],
+			stl: "none",
+			min_sdk_version: "29",
+			sdk_version: "current",
+		}
+		`)
+
+	// Sdk variant uses the crt object of the matching min_sdk_version
+	variant := "android_arm64_armv8-a_sdk"
+	crt := ctx.ModuleForTests("bin", variant).Rule("ld").Args["crtBegin"]
+	android.AssertStringDoesContain(t, "crt dep of sdk variant", crt,
+		variant+"_29/crtbegin_dynamic.o")
+
+	// platform variant uses the crt object built for platform
+	variant = "android_arm64_armv8-a"
+	crt = ctx.ModuleForTests("bin", variant).Rule("ld").Args["crtBegin"]
+	android.AssertStringDoesContain(t, "crt dep of platform variant", crt,
+		variant+"/crtbegin_dynamic.o")
+}
+
 type MemtagNoteType int
 
 const (
diff --git a/cc/compiler.go b/cc/compiler.go
index b09b58e..78a5a5d 100644
--- a/cc/compiler.go
+++ b/cc/compiler.go
@@ -414,12 +414,7 @@
 
 	target := "-target " + tc.ClangTriple()
 	if ctx.Os().Class == android.Device {
-		// When built for the non-updateble part of platform, minSdkVersion doesn't matter.
-		// It matters only when building we are building for modules that can be unbundled.
-		version := "current"
-		if !ctx.isForPlatform() || ctx.isSdkVariant() {
-			version = ctx.minSdkVersion()
-		}
+		version := ctx.minSdkVersion()
 		if version == "" || version == "current" {
 			target += strconv.Itoa(android.FutureApiLevelInt)
 		} else {
diff --git a/cc/library.go b/cc/library.go
index 22a36c6..9bec974 100644
--- a/cc/library.go
+++ b/cc/library.go
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 	"github.com/google/blueprint/pathtools"
 
 	"android/soong/android"
+	"android/soong/bazel"
 	"android/soong/cc/config"
 )
 
@@ -200,6 +201,8 @@
 
 func init() {
 	RegisterLibraryBuildComponents(android.InitRegistrationContext)
+
+	android.RegisterBp2BuildMutator("cc_library_static", CcLibraryStaticBp2Build)
 }
 
 func RegisterLibraryBuildComponents(ctx android.RegistrationContext) {
@@ -1914,6 +1917,7 @@
 
 	for i, module := range modules {
 		module.(*Module).Properties.Sdk_version = StringPtr(versionStrs[i])
+		module.(*Module).Properties.Min_sdk_version = StringPtr(versionStrs[i])
 	}
 }
 
@@ -2024,3 +2028,137 @@
 
 	return outputFile
 }
+
+func Bp2BuildParseHeaderLibs(ctx android.TopDownMutatorContext, module *Module) bazel.LabelList {
+	var headerLibs []string
+	for _, linkerProps := range module.linker.linkerProps() {
+		if baseLinkerProps, ok := linkerProps.(*BaseLinkerProperties); ok {
+			headerLibs = baseLinkerProps.Header_libs
+			// FIXME: re-export include dirs from baseLinkerProps.Export_header_lib_headers?
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	headerLibsLabels := android.BazelLabelForModuleDeps(ctx, headerLibs)
+	return headerLibsLabels
+}
+
+func Bp2BuildParseExportedIncludes(ctx android.TopDownMutatorContext, module *Module) (bazel.LabelList, bazel.LabelList) {
+	libraryDecorator := module.linker.(*libraryDecorator)
+
+	includeDirs := libraryDecorator.flagExporter.Properties.Export_system_include_dirs
+	includeDirs = append(includeDirs, libraryDecorator.flagExporter.Properties.Export_include_dirs...)
+
+	includeDirsLabels := android.BazelLabelForModuleSrc(ctx, includeDirs)
+
+	var includeDirGlobs []string
+	for _, includeDir := range includeDirs {
+		includeDirGlobs = append(includeDirGlobs, includeDir+"/**/*.h")
+		includeDirGlobs = append(includeDirGlobs, includeDir+"/**/*.inc")
+		includeDirGlobs = append(includeDirGlobs, includeDir+"/**/*.hpp")
+	}
+
+	headersLabels := android.BazelLabelForModuleSrc(ctx, includeDirGlobs)
+
+	return includeDirsLabels, headersLabels
+}
+
+type bazelCcLibraryStaticAttributes struct {
+	Copts      []string
+	Srcs       bazel.LabelList
+	Deps       bazel.LabelList
+	Linkstatic bool
+	Includes   bazel.LabelList
+	Hdrs       bazel.LabelList
+}
+
+type bazelCcLibraryStatic struct {
+	android.BazelTargetModuleBase
+	bazelCcLibraryStaticAttributes
+}
+
+func BazelCcLibraryStaticFactory() android.Module {
+	module := &bazelCcLibraryStatic{}
+	module.AddProperties(&module.bazelCcLibraryStaticAttributes)
+	android.InitBazelTargetModule(module)
+	return module
+}
+
+func CcLibraryStaticBp2Build(ctx android.TopDownMutatorContext) {
+	module, ok := ctx.Module().(*Module)
+	if !ok {
+		// Not a cc module
+		return
+	}
+	if !module.ConvertWithBp2build(ctx) {
+		return
+	}
+	if ctx.ModuleType() != "cc_library_static" {
+		return
+	}
+
+	var copts []string
+	var srcs []string
+	var includeDirs []string
+	var localIncludeDirs []string
+	for _, props := range module.compiler.compilerProps() {
+		if baseCompilerProps, ok := props.(*BaseCompilerProperties); ok {
+			copts = baseCompilerProps.Cflags
+			srcs = baseCompilerProps.Srcs
+			includeDirs = baseCompilerProps.Include_dirs
+			localIncludeDirs = baseCompilerProps.Local_include_dirs
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	srcsLabels := android.BazelLabelForModuleSrc(ctx, srcs)
+
+	var staticLibs []string
+	var wholeStaticLibs []string
+	for _, props := range module.linker.linkerProps() {
+		if baseLinkerProperties, ok := props.(*BaseLinkerProperties); ok {
+			staticLibs = baseLinkerProperties.Static_libs
+			wholeStaticLibs = baseLinkerProperties.Whole_static_libs
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	// FIXME: Treat Static_libs and Whole_static_libs differently?
+	allDeps := staticLibs
+	allDeps = append(allDeps, wholeStaticLibs...)
+
+	depsLabels := android.BazelLabelForModuleDeps(ctx, allDeps)
+
+	// FIXME: Unify absolute vs relative paths
+	// FIXME: Use -I copts instead of setting includes= ?
+	allIncludes := includeDirs
+	allIncludes = append(allIncludes, localIncludeDirs...)
+	includesLabels := android.BazelLabelForModuleSrc(ctx, allIncludes)
+
+	exportedIncludesLabels, exportedIncludesHeadersLabels := Bp2BuildParseExportedIncludes(ctx, module)
+	includesLabels.Append(exportedIncludesLabels)
+
+	headerLibsLabels := Bp2BuildParseHeaderLibs(ctx, module)
+	depsLabels.Append(headerLibsLabels)
+
+	attrs := &bazelCcLibraryStaticAttributes{
+		Copts:      copts,
+		Srcs:       bazel.UniqueBazelLabelList(srcsLabels),
+		Deps:       bazel.UniqueBazelLabelList(depsLabels),
+		Linkstatic: true,
+		Includes:   bazel.UniqueBazelLabelList(includesLabels),
+		Hdrs:       bazel.UniqueBazelLabelList(exportedIncludesHeadersLabels),
+	}
+
+	props := bazel.BazelTargetModuleProperties{
+		Rule_class:        "cc_library_static",
+		Bzl_load_location: "//build/bazel/rules:cc_library_static.bzl",
+	}
+
+	ctx.CreateBazelTargetModule(BazelCcLibraryStaticFactory, module.Name(), props, attrs)
+}
+
+func (m *bazelCcLibraryStatic) Name() string {
+	return m.BaseModuleName()
+}
+
+func (m *bazelCcLibraryStatic) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext) {}
diff --git a/cc/library_headers.go b/cc/library_headers.go
index 0f4d8a6..719d538 100644
--- a/cc/library_headers.go
+++ b/cc/library_headers.go
@@ -94,35 +94,14 @@
 		return
 	}
 
-	lib, _ := module.linker.(*libraryDecorator)
+	exportedIncludesLabels, exportedIncludesHeadersLabels := Bp2BuildParseExportedIncludes(ctx, module)
 
-	// list of directories that will be added to the include path (using -I) for this
-	// module and any module that links against this module.
-	includeDirs := lib.flagExporter.Properties.Export_system_include_dirs
-	includeDirs = append(includeDirs, lib.flagExporter.Properties.Export_include_dirs...)
-	includeDirLabels := android.BazelLabelForModuleSrc(ctx, includeDirs)
-
-	var includeDirGlobs []string
-	for _, includeDir := range includeDirs {
-		includeDirGlobs = append(includeDirGlobs, includeDir+"/**/*.h")
-	}
-
-	headerLabels := android.BazelLabelForModuleSrc(ctx, includeDirGlobs)
-
-	// list of modules that should only provide headers for this module.
-	var headerLibs []string
-	for _, linkerProps := range lib.linkerProps() {
-		if baseLinkerProps, ok := linkerProps.(*BaseLinkerProperties); ok {
-			headerLibs = baseLinkerProps.Export_header_lib_headers
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	headerLibLabels := android.BazelLabelForModuleDeps(ctx, headerLibs)
+	headerLibsLabels := Bp2BuildParseHeaderLibs(ctx, module)
 
 	attrs := &bazelCcLibraryHeadersAttributes{
-		Includes: includeDirLabels,
-		Hdrs:     headerLabels,
-		Deps:     headerLibLabels,
+		Includes: exportedIncludesLabels,
+		Hdrs:     exportedIncludesHeadersLabels,
+		Deps:     headerLibsLabels,
 	}
 
 	props := bazel.BazelTargetModuleProperties{
diff --git a/cc/linkable.go b/cc/linkable.go
index 58919a0..6aa238b 100644
--- a/cc/linkable.go
+++ b/cc/linkable.go
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@
 	InProduct() bool
 
 	SdkVersion() string
+	MinSdkVersion() string
 	AlwaysSdk() bool
 	IsSdkVariant() bool
 
@@ -157,8 +158,16 @@
 }
 
 // StaticDepTag returns the dependency tag for any C++ static libraries.
-func StaticDepTag() blueprint.DependencyTag {
-	return libraryDependencyTag{Kind: staticLibraryDependency}
+func StaticDepTag(wholeStatic bool) blueprint.DependencyTag {
+	return libraryDependencyTag{Kind: staticLibraryDependency, wholeStatic: wholeStatic}
+}
+
+// IsWholeStaticLib whether a dependency tag is a whole static library dependency.
+func IsWholeStaticLib(depTag blueprint.DependencyTag) bool {
+	if tag, ok := depTag.(libraryDependencyTag); ok {
+		return tag.wholeStatic
+	}
+	return false
 }
 
 // HeaderDepTag returns the dependency tag for any C++ "header-only" libraries.
diff --git a/cc/testing.go b/cc/testing.go
index d8adc61..6e35655 100644
--- a/cc/testing.go
+++ b/cc/testing.go
@@ -619,11 +619,26 @@
 
 		RegisterVndkLibraryTxtTypes(ctx)
 	}),
+
+	// Additional files needed in tests that disallow non-existent source files.
+	// This includes files that are needed by all, or at least most, instances of a cc module type.
+	android.MockFS{
+		// Needed for ndk_prebuilt_(shared|static)_stl.
+		"prebuilts/ndk/current/sources/cxx-stl/llvm-libc++/libs": nil,
+	}.AddToFixture(),
 )
 
 // Preparer that will define default cc modules, e.g. standard prebuilt modules.
 var PrepareForTestWithCcDefaultModules = android.GroupFixturePreparers(
 	PrepareForTestWithCcBuildComponents,
+
+	// Additional files needed in tests that disallow non-existent source.
+	android.MockFS{
+		"defaults/cc/common/libc.map.txt":  nil,
+		"defaults/cc/common/libdl.map.txt": nil,
+		"defaults/cc/common/libm.map.txt":  nil,
+	}.AddToFixture(),
+
 	// Place the default cc test modules that are common to all platforms in a location that will not
 	// conflict with default test modules defined by other packages.
 	android.FixtureAddTextFile(DefaultCcCommonTestModulesDir+"Android.bp", commonDefaultModules()),
diff --git a/cmd/merge_zips/Android.bp b/cmd/merge_zips/Android.bp
index 930d040..c516f99 100644
--- a/cmd/merge_zips/Android.bp
+++ b/cmd/merge_zips/Android.bp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
         "android-archive-zip",
         "blueprint-pathtools",
         "soong-jar",
-        "soong-zip",
+        "soong-response",
     ],
     srcs: [
         "merge_zips.go",
diff --git a/cmd/merge_zips/merge_zips.go b/cmd/merge_zips/merge_zips.go
index 274c8ee..712c7fc 100644
--- a/cmd/merge_zips/merge_zips.go
+++ b/cmd/merge_zips/merge_zips.go
@@ -25,12 +25,14 @@
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"sort"
+	"strings"
+
+	"android/soong/response"
 
 	"github.com/google/blueprint/pathtools"
 
 	"android/soong/jar"
 	"android/soong/third_party/zip"
-	soongZip "android/soong/zip"
 )
 
 // Input zip: we can open it, close it, and obtain an array of entries
@@ -690,15 +692,20 @@
 	inputs := make([]string, 0)
 	for _, input := range args[1:] {
 		if input[0] == '@' {
-			bytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile(input[1:])
+			f, err := os.Open(strings.TrimPrefix(input[1:], "@"))
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Fatal(err)
 			}
-			inputs = append(inputs, soongZip.ReadRespFile(bytes)...)
-			continue
+
+			rspInputs, err := response.ReadRspFile(f)
+			f.Close()
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			inputs = append(inputs, rspInputs...)
+		} else {
+			inputs = append(inputs, input)
 		}
-		inputs = append(inputs, input)
-		continue
 	}
 
 	log.SetFlags(log.Lshortfile)
diff --git a/cmd/sbox/Android.bp b/cmd/sbox/Android.bp
index d88505f..b8d75ed 100644
--- a/cmd/sbox/Android.bp
+++ b/cmd/sbox/Android.bp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
     deps: [
         "sbox_proto",
         "soong-makedeps",
+        "soong-response",
     ],
     srcs: [
         "sbox.go",
diff --git a/cmd/sbox/sbox.go b/cmd/sbox/sbox.go
index f47c601..fcc80a9 100644
--- a/cmd/sbox/sbox.go
+++ b/cmd/sbox/sbox.go
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 
 	"android/soong/cmd/sbox/sbox_proto"
 	"android/soong/makedeps"
+	"android/soong/response"
 
 	"github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
 )
@@ -218,6 +219,11 @@
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("command is required")
 	}
 
+	pathToTempDirInSbox := tempDir
+	if command.GetChdir() {
+		pathToTempDirInSbox = "."
+	}
+
 	err = os.MkdirAll(tempDir, 0777)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to create %q: %w", tempDir, err)
@@ -228,10 +234,9 @@
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
-
-	pathToTempDirInSbox := tempDir
-	if command.GetChdir() {
-		pathToTempDirInSbox = "."
+	err = copyRspFiles(command.RspFiles, tempDir, pathToTempDirInSbox)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
 	}
 
 	if strings.Contains(rawCommand, depFilePlaceholder) {
@@ -409,6 +414,83 @@
 	return nil
 }
 
+// copyRspFiles copies rsp files into the sandbox with path mappings, and also copies the files
+// listed into the sandbox.
+func copyRspFiles(rspFiles []*sbox_proto.RspFile, toDir, toDirInSandbox string) error {
+	for _, rspFile := range rspFiles {
+		err := copyOneRspFile(rspFile, toDir, toDirInSandbox)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// copyOneRspFiles copies an rsp file into the sandbox with path mappings, and also copies the files
+// listed into the sandbox.
+func copyOneRspFile(rspFile *sbox_proto.RspFile, toDir, toDirInSandbox string) error {
+	in, err := os.Open(rspFile.GetFile())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer in.Close()
+
+	files, err := response.ReadRspFile(in)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for i, from := range files {
+		// Convert the real path of the input file into the path inside the sandbox using the
+		// path mappings.
+		to := applyPathMappings(rspFile.PathMappings, from)
+
+		// Copy the file into the sandbox.
+		err := copyOneFile(from, joinPath(toDir, to), false)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// Rewrite the name in the list of files to be relative to the sandbox directory.
+		files[i] = joinPath(toDirInSandbox, to)
+	}
+
+	// Convert the real path of the rsp file into the path inside the sandbox using the path
+	// mappings.
+	outRspFile := joinPath(toDir, applyPathMappings(rspFile.PathMappings, rspFile.GetFile()))
+
+	err = os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(outRspFile), 0777)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	out, err := os.Create(outRspFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer out.Close()
+
+	// Write the rsp file with converted paths into the sandbox.
+	err = response.WriteRspFile(out, files)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// applyPathMappings takes a list of path mappings and a path, and returns the path with the first
+// matching path mapping applied.  If the path does not match any of the path mappings then it is
+// returned unmodified.
+func applyPathMappings(pathMappings []*sbox_proto.PathMapping, path string) string {
+	for _, mapping := range pathMappings {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(path, mapping.GetFrom()+"/") {
+			return joinPath(mapping.GetTo()+"/", strings.TrimPrefix(path, mapping.GetFrom()+"/"))
+		}
+	}
+	return path
+}
+
 // moveFiles moves files specified by a set of copy rules.  It uses os.Rename, so it is restricted
 // to moving files where the source and destination are in the same filesystem.  This is OK for
 // sbox because the temporary directory is inside the out directory.  It updates the timestamp
diff --git a/cmd/sbox/sbox_proto/sbox.pb.go b/cmd/sbox/sbox_proto/sbox.pb.go
index 79bb90c..b996481 100644
--- a/cmd/sbox/sbox_proto/sbox.pb.go
+++ b/cmd/sbox/sbox_proto/sbox.pb.go
@@ -86,10 +86,13 @@
 	CopyAfter []*Copy `protobuf:"bytes,4,rep,name=copy_after,json=copyAfter" json:"copy_after,omitempty"`
 	// An optional hash of the input files to ensure the textproto files and the sbox rule reruns
 	// when the lists of inputs changes, even if the inputs are not on the command line.
-	InputHash            *string  `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=input_hash,json=inputHash" json:"input_hash,omitempty"`
-	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
-	XXX_unrecognized     []byte   `json:"-"`
-	XXX_sizecache        int32    `json:"-"`
+	InputHash *string `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=input_hash,json=inputHash" json:"input_hash,omitempty"`
+	// A list of files that will be copied before the sandboxed command, and whose contents should be
+	// copied as if they were listed in copy_before.
+	RspFiles             []*RspFile `protobuf:"bytes,6,rep,name=rsp_files,json=rspFiles" json:"rsp_files,omitempty"`
+	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{}   `json:"-"`
+	XXX_unrecognized     []byte     `json:"-"`
+	XXX_sizecache        int32      `json:"-"`
 }
 
 func (m *Command) Reset()         { *m = Command{} }
@@ -152,6 +155,13 @@
 	return ""
 }
 
+func (m *Command) GetRspFiles() []*RspFile {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.RspFiles
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Copy describes a from-to pair of files to copy.  The paths may be relative, the root that they
 // are relative to is specific to the context the Copy is used in and will be different for
 // from and to.
@@ -211,10 +221,110 @@
 	return false
 }
 
+// RspFile describes an rspfile that should be copied into the sandbox directory.
+type RspFile struct {
+	// The path to the rsp file.
+	File *string `protobuf:"bytes,1,req,name=file" json:"file,omitempty"`
+	// A list of path mappings that should be applied to each file listed in the rsp file.
+	PathMappings         []*PathMapping `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=path_mappings,json=pathMappings" json:"path_mappings,omitempty"`
+	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{}       `json:"-"`
+	XXX_unrecognized     []byte         `json:"-"`
+	XXX_sizecache        int32          `json:"-"`
+}
+
+func (m *RspFile) Reset()         { *m = RspFile{} }
+func (m *RspFile) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
+func (*RspFile) ProtoMessage()    {}
+func (*RspFile) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return fileDescriptor_9d0425bf0de86ed1, []int{3}
+}
+
+func (m *RspFile) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
+	return xxx_messageInfo_RspFile.Unmarshal(m, b)
+}
+func (m *RspFile) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	return xxx_messageInfo_RspFile.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
+}
+func (m *RspFile) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
+	xxx_messageInfo_RspFile.Merge(m, src)
+}
+func (m *RspFile) XXX_Size() int {
+	return xxx_messageInfo_RspFile.Size(m)
+}
+func (m *RspFile) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
+	xxx_messageInfo_RspFile.DiscardUnknown(m)
+}
+
+var xxx_messageInfo_RspFile proto.InternalMessageInfo
+
+func (m *RspFile) GetFile() string {
+	if m != nil && m.File != nil {
+		return *m.File
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (m *RspFile) GetPathMappings() []*PathMapping {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.PathMappings
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// PathMapping describes a mapping from a path outside the sandbox to the path inside the sandbox.
+type PathMapping struct {
+	From                 *string  `protobuf:"bytes,1,req,name=from" json:"from,omitempty"`
+	To                   *string  `protobuf:"bytes,2,req,name=to" json:"to,omitempty"`
+	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
+	XXX_unrecognized     []byte   `json:"-"`
+	XXX_sizecache        int32    `json:"-"`
+}
+
+func (m *PathMapping) Reset()         { *m = PathMapping{} }
+func (m *PathMapping) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
+func (*PathMapping) ProtoMessage()    {}
+func (*PathMapping) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return fileDescriptor_9d0425bf0de86ed1, []int{4}
+}
+
+func (m *PathMapping) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
+	return xxx_messageInfo_PathMapping.Unmarshal(m, b)
+}
+func (m *PathMapping) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	return xxx_messageInfo_PathMapping.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
+}
+func (m *PathMapping) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
+	xxx_messageInfo_PathMapping.Merge(m, src)
+}
+func (m *PathMapping) XXX_Size() int {
+	return xxx_messageInfo_PathMapping.Size(m)
+}
+func (m *PathMapping) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
+	xxx_messageInfo_PathMapping.DiscardUnknown(m)
+}
+
+var xxx_messageInfo_PathMapping proto.InternalMessageInfo
+
+func (m *PathMapping) GetFrom() string {
+	if m != nil && m.From != nil {
+		return *m.From
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (m *PathMapping) GetTo() string {
+	if m != nil && m.To != nil {
+		return *m.To
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
 func init() {
 	proto.RegisterType((*Manifest)(nil), "sbox.Manifest")
 	proto.RegisterType((*Command)(nil), "sbox.Command")
 	proto.RegisterType((*Copy)(nil), "sbox.Copy")
+	proto.RegisterType((*RspFile)(nil), "sbox.RspFile")
+	proto.RegisterType((*PathMapping)(nil), "sbox.PathMapping")
 }
 
 func init() {
@@ -222,22 +332,27 @@
 }
 
 var fileDescriptor_9d0425bf0de86ed1 = []byte{
-	// 268 bytes of a gzipped FileDescriptorProto
-	0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xff, 0x64, 0x90, 0x4f, 0x4b, 0xc3, 0x40,
-	0x10, 0xc5, 0xc9, 0x9f, 0xd2, 0x64, 0x6a, 0x7b, 0x18, 0x3c, 0xec, 0x45, 0x09, 0x01, 0x21, 0x45,
-	0xe8, 0xc1, 0x6f, 0x60, 0xf5, 0x20, 0x82, 0x97, 0x1c, 0x45, 0x08, 0x9b, 0x64, 0x43, 0x02, 0x4d,
-	0x26, 0xec, 0x6e, 0xa0, 0xfd, 0x56, 0x7e, 0x44, 0xd9, 0x49, 0x2a, 0x82, 0xb7, 0x99, 0xdf, 0xe3,
-	0xcd, 0x7b, 0x0c, 0x80, 0x29, 0xe9, 0x7c, 0x18, 0x35, 0x59, 0xc2, 0xd0, 0xcd, 0xe9, 0x17, 0x44,
-	0x1f, 0x72, 0xe8, 0x1a, 0x65, 0x2c, 0xee, 0x21, 0xaa, 0xa8, 0xef, 0xe5, 0x50, 0x1b, 0xe1, 0x25,
-	0x41, 0xb6, 0x79, 0xda, 0x1e, 0xd8, 0xf0, 0x32, 0xd3, 0xfc, 0x57, 0xc6, 0x07, 0xd8, 0xd1, 0x64,
-	0xc7, 0xc9, 0x16, 0xb5, 0x1a, 0x9b, 0xee, 0xa4, 0x84, 0x9f, 0x78, 0x59, 0x9c, 0x6f, 0x67, 0xfa,
-	0x3a, 0xc3, 0xf4, 0xdb, 0x83, 0xf5, 0x62, 0xc6, 0x47, 0xd8, 0x54, 0x34, 0x5e, 0x8a, 0x52, 0x35,
-	0xa4, 0xd5, 0x12, 0x00, 0xd7, 0x80, 0xf1, 0x92, 0x83, 0x93, 0x8f, 0xac, 0xe2, 0x2d, 0xac, 0xaa,
-	0xb6, 0xee, 0x34, 0x9f, 0x8d, 0xf2, 0x79, 0x41, 0x01, 0xeb, 0xa5, 0x81, 0x08, 0x12, 0x3f, 0x8b,
-	0xf3, 0xeb, 0x8a, 0x7b, 0x60, 0x77, 0x21, 0x1b, 0xab, 0xb4, 0x08, 0xff, 0xdd, 0x8e, 0x9d, 0xfa,
-	0xec, 0x44, 0xbc, 0x03, 0xe8, 0x06, 0xd7, 0xbc, 0x95, 0xa6, 0x15, 0x2b, 0xae, 0x1d, 0x33, 0x79,
-	0x93, 0xa6, 0x4d, 0xdf, 0x21, 0x74, 0x0e, 0x44, 0x08, 0x1b, 0x4d, 0xbd, 0xf0, 0x38, 0x88, 0x67,
-	0xdc, 0x81, 0x6f, 0x49, 0xf8, 0x4c, 0x7c, 0x4b, 0x78, 0x0f, 0xa0, 0xce, 0xaa, 0x9a, 0xac, 0x2c,
-	0x4f, 0x4a, 0x04, 0x5c, 0xf5, 0x0f, 0x39, 0xde, 0x7c, 0xf2, 0xc3, 0x0b, 0x7e, 0xf8, 0x4f, 0x00,
-	0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x78, 0x37, 0x3e, 0x6a, 0x7d, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,
+	// 342 bytes of a gzipped FileDescriptorProto
+	0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xff, 0x8c, 0x92, 0x5f, 0x4b, 0xc3, 0x30,
+	0x14, 0xc5, 0x69, 0xd7, 0xb9, 0xf6, 0xee, 0x0f, 0x18, 0x7c, 0xc8, 0x8b, 0x32, 0x0a, 0xc2, 0xa6,
+	0x30, 0xd0, 0x07, 0xdf, 0x9d, 0x22, 0x22, 0x0c, 0x24, 0xe0, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x25, 0xeb, 0x52, 0x5b,
+	0x58, 0x9b, 0x90, 0x64, 0xb0, 0x7d, 0x57, 0x3f, 0x8c, 0xe4, 0xa6, 0xd3, 0x82, 0x2f, 0xbe, 0xdd,
+	0x7b, 0x0e, 0xf7, 0xdc, 0x5f, 0xc2, 0x05, 0x30, 0x6b, 0xb9, 0x5f, 0x28, 0x2d, 0xad, 0x24, 0x91,
+	0xab, 0xd3, 0x0f, 0x88, 0x57, 0xbc, 0xa9, 0x0a, 0x61, 0x2c, 0x99, 0x43, 0x9c, 0xcb, 0xba, 0xe6,
+	0xcd, 0xc6, 0xd0, 0x60, 0xda, 0x9b, 0x0d, 0x6f, 0xc7, 0x0b, 0x1c, 0x78, 0xf0, 0x2a, 0xfb, 0xb1,
+	0xc9, 0x25, 0x4c, 0xe4, 0xce, 0xaa, 0x9d, 0xcd, 0x36, 0x42, 0x15, 0xd5, 0x56, 0xd0, 0x70, 0x1a,
+	0xcc, 0x12, 0x36, 0xf6, 0xea, 0xa3, 0x17, 0xd3, 0xaf, 0x00, 0x06, 0xed, 0x30, 0xb9, 0x86, 0x61,
+	0x2e, 0xd5, 0x21, 0x5b, 0x8b, 0x42, 0x6a, 0xd1, 0x2e, 0x80, 0xe3, 0x02, 0x75, 0x60, 0xe0, 0xec,
+	0x25, 0xba, 0xe4, 0x0c, 0xfa, 0x79, 0xb9, 0xa9, 0x34, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xcc, 0x37, 0x84, 0xc2, 0xa0,
+	0x25, 0xa0, 0xbd, 0x69, 0x38, 0x4b, 0xd8, 0xb1, 0x25, 0x73, 0xc0, 0xe9, 0x8c, 0x17, 0x56, 0x68,
+	0x1a, 0xfd, 0xc9, 0x4e, 0x9c, 0x7b, 0xef, 0x4c, 0x72, 0x0e, 0x50, 0x35, 0x8e, 0xbc, 0xe4, 0xa6,
+	0xa4, 0x7d, 0xc4, 0x4e, 0x50, 0x79, 0xe6, 0xa6, 0x24, 0x57, 0x90, 0x68, 0xa3, 0x32, 0x87, 0x6f,
+	0xe8, 0x49, 0xf7, 0x17, 0x98, 0x51, 0x4f, 0xd5, 0x56, 0xb0, 0x58, 0xfb, 0xc2, 0xa4, 0x2f, 0x10,
+	0xb9, 0x74, 0x42, 0x20, 0x2a, 0xb4, 0xac, 0x69, 0x80, 0x50, 0x58, 0x93, 0x09, 0x84, 0x56, 0xd2,
+	0x10, 0x95, 0xd0, 0x4a, 0x72, 0x01, 0x20, 0xf6, 0x22, 0xdf, 0x59, 0xbe, 0xde, 0x0a, 0xda, 0xc3,
+	0x67, 0x75, 0x94, 0xf4, 0x0d, 0x06, 0xed, 0x02, 0x8c, 0x73, 0x5f, 0x7a, 0x8c, 0x73, 0xda, 0x1d,
+	0x8c, 0x15, 0xb7, 0x65, 0x56, 0x73, 0xa5, 0xaa, 0xe6, 0xd3, 0xd0, 0x10, 0xd1, 0x4e, 0x3d, 0xda,
+	0x2b, 0xb7, 0xe5, 0xca, 0x3b, 0x6c, 0xa4, 0x7e, 0x1b, 0x93, 0xde, 0xc0, 0xb0, 0x63, 0xfe, 0x87,
+	0x74, 0x39, 0x7a, 0xc7, 0x33, 0xc9, 0xf0, 0x4c, 0xbe, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x83, 0x82,
+	0xb0, 0xc3, 0x33, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00,
 }
diff --git a/cmd/sbox/sbox_proto/sbox.proto b/cmd/sbox/sbox_proto/sbox.proto
index 695b0e8..bdf92c6 100644
--- a/cmd/sbox/sbox_proto/sbox.proto
+++ b/cmd/sbox/sbox_proto/sbox.proto
@@ -47,6 +47,10 @@
   // An optional hash of the input files to ensure the textproto files and the sbox rule reruns
   // when the lists of inputs changes, even if the inputs are not on the command line.
   optional string input_hash = 5;
+
+  // A list of files that will be copied before the sandboxed command, and whose contents should be
+  // copied as if they were listed in copy_before.
+  repeated RspFile rsp_files = 6;
 }
 
 // Copy describes a from-to pair of files to copy.  The paths may be relative, the root that they
@@ -58,4 +62,19 @@
 
   // If true, make the file executable after copying it.
   optional bool executable = 3;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
+
+// RspFile describes an rspfile that should be copied into the sandbox directory.
+message RspFile {
+  // The path to the rsp file.
+  required string file = 1;
+
+  // A list of path mappings that should be applied to each file listed in the rsp file.
+  repeated PathMapping path_mappings = 2;
+}
+
+// PathMapping describes a mapping from a path outside the sandbox to the path inside the sandbox.
+message PathMapping {
+  required string from = 1;
+  required string to = 2;
+}
diff --git a/dexpreopt/dexpreopt.go b/dexpreopt/dexpreopt.go
index 4999bc7..81a63b0 100644
--- a/dexpreopt/dexpreopt.go
+++ b/dexpreopt/dexpreopt.go
@@ -259,35 +259,53 @@
 			Implicits(clcHost).
 			Text("stored_class_loader_context_arg=--stored-class-loader-context=PCL[" + strings.Join(clcTarget, ":") + "]")
 
-	} else if module.EnforceUsesLibraries {
-		// Generate command that saves target SDK version in a shell variable.
-		manifestOrApk := module.ManifestPath
-		if manifestOrApk == nil {
-			// No manifest to extract targetSdkVersion from, hope that dexjar is an APK.
+	} else {
+		// There are three categories of Java modules handled here:
+		//
+		// - Modules that have passed verify_uses_libraries check. They are AOT-compiled and
+		//   expected to be loaded on device without CLC mismatch errors.
+		//
+		// - Modules that have failed the check in relaxed mode, so it didn't cause a build error.
+		//   They are dexpreopted with "verify" filter and not AOT-compiled.
+		//   TODO(b/132357300): ensure that CLC mismatch errors are ignored with "verify" filter.
+		//
+		// - Modules that didn't run the check. They are AOT-compiled, but it's unknown if they
+		//   will have CLC mismatch errors on device (the check is disabled by default).
+		//
+		// TODO(b/132357300): enable the check by default and eliminate the last category, so that
+		// no time/space is wasted on AOT-compiling modules that will fail CLC check on device.
+
+		var manifestOrApk android.Path
+		if module.ManifestPath != nil {
+			// Ok, there is an XML manifest.
+			manifestOrApk = module.ManifestPath
+		} else if filepath.Ext(base) == ".apk" {
+			// Ok, there is is an APK with the manifest inside.
 			manifestOrApk = module.DexPath
 		}
-		rule.Command().Text(`target_sdk_version="$(`).
-			Tool(globalSoong.ManifestCheck).
-			Flag("--extract-target-sdk-version").
-			Input(manifestOrApk).
-			FlagWithInput("--aapt ", ctx.Config().HostToolPath(ctx, "aapt")).
-			Text(`)"`)
+
+		// Generate command that saves target SDK version in a shell variable.
+		if manifestOrApk == nil {
+			// There is neither an XML manifest nor APK => nowhere to extract targetSdkVersion from.
+			// Set the latest ("any") version: then construct_context will not add any compatibility
+			// libraries (if this is incorrect, there will be a CLC mismatch and dexopt on device).
+			rule.Command().Textf(`target_sdk_version=%d`, AnySdkVersion)
+		} else {
+			rule.Command().Text(`target_sdk_version="$(`).
+				Tool(globalSoong.ManifestCheck).
+				Flag("--extract-target-sdk-version").
+				Input(manifestOrApk).
+				FlagWithInput("--aapt ", globalSoong.Aapt).
+				Text(`)"`)
+		}
 
 		// Generate command that saves host and target class loader context in shell variables.
 		clc, paths := ComputeClassLoaderContext(module.ClassLoaderContexts)
 		rule.Command().
-			Text("if ! test -s ").Input(module.EnforceUsesLibrariesStatusFile).
-			Text(` ; then eval "$(`).Tool(globalSoong.ConstructContext).
+			Text(`eval "$(`).Tool(globalSoong.ConstructContext).
 			Text(` --target-sdk-version ${target_sdk_version}`).
 			Text(clc).Implicits(paths).
-			Text(`)" ; fi`)
-
-	} else {
-		// Other libraries or APKs for which the exact <uses-library> list is unknown.
-		// We assume the class loader context is empty.
-		rule.Command().
-			Text(`class_loader_context_arg=--class-loader-context=PCL[]`).
-			Text(`stored_class_loader_context_arg=""`)
+			Text(`)"`)
 	}
 
 	// Devices that do not have a product partition use a symlink from /product to /system/product.
diff --git a/genrule/Android.bp b/genrule/Android.bp
index 214940d..8fb5c40 100644
--- a/genrule/Android.bp
+++ b/genrule/Android.bp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
     ],
     srcs: [
         "genrule.go",
+        "locations.go",
     ],
     testSrcs: [
         "genrule_test.go",
diff --git a/genrule/genrule.go b/genrule/genrule.go
index cb841ed..9019a83 100644
--- a/genrule/genrule.go
+++ b/genrule/genrule.go
@@ -91,7 +91,6 @@
 
 func init() {
 	pctx.Import("android/soong/android")
-	pctx.HostBinToolVariable("sboxCmd", "sbox")
 
 	pctx.HostBinToolVariable("soongZip", "soong_zip")
 	pctx.HostBinToolVariable("zipSync", "zipsync")
@@ -254,18 +253,18 @@
 		g.exportedIncludeDirs = append(g.exportedIncludeDirs, android.PathForModuleGen(ctx, g.subDir))
 	}
 
-	locationLabels := map[string][]string{}
+	locationLabels := map[string]location{}
 	firstLabel := ""
 
-	addLocationLabel := func(label string, paths []string) {
+	addLocationLabel := func(label string, loc location) {
 		if firstLabel == "" {
 			firstLabel = label
 		}
 		if _, exists := locationLabels[label]; !exists {
-			locationLabels[label] = paths
+			locationLabels[label] = loc
 		} else {
 			ctx.ModuleErrorf("multiple labels for %q, %q and %q",
-				label, strings.Join(locationLabels[label], " "), strings.Join(paths, " "))
+				label, locationLabels[label], loc)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -303,17 +302,17 @@
 						// sandbox.
 						packagedTools = append(packagedTools, specs...)
 						// Assume that the first PackagingSpec of the module is the tool.
-						addLocationLabel(tag.label, []string{android.SboxPathForPackagedTool(specs[0])})
+						addLocationLabel(tag.label, packagedToolLocation{specs[0]})
 					} else {
 						tools = append(tools, path.Path())
-						addLocationLabel(tag.label, []string{android.SboxPathForTool(ctx, path.Path())})
+						addLocationLabel(tag.label, toolLocation{android.Paths{path.Path()}})
 					}
 				case bootstrap.GoBinaryTool:
 					// A GoBinaryTool provides the install path to a tool, which will be copied.
 					if s, err := filepath.Rel(android.PathForOutput(ctx).String(), t.InstallPath()); err == nil {
 						toolPath := android.PathForOutput(ctx, s)
 						tools = append(tools, toolPath)
-						addLocationLabel(tag.label, []string{android.SboxPathForTool(ctx, toolPath)})
+						addLocationLabel(tag.label, toolLocation{android.Paths{toolPath}})
 					} else {
 						ctx.ModuleErrorf("cannot find path for %q: %v", tool, err)
 						return
@@ -335,7 +334,7 @@
 		if ctx.Config().AllowMissingDependencies() {
 			for _, tool := range g.properties.Tools {
 				if !seenTools[tool] {
-					addLocationLabel(tool, []string{"***missing tool " + tool + "***"})
+					addLocationLabel(tool, errorLocation{"***missing tool " + tool + "***"})
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -348,11 +347,7 @@
 	for _, toolFile := range g.properties.Tool_files {
 		paths := android.PathsForModuleSrc(ctx, []string{toolFile})
 		tools = append(tools, paths...)
-		var sandboxPaths []string
-		for _, path := range paths {
-			sandboxPaths = append(sandboxPaths, android.SboxPathForTool(ctx, path))
-		}
-		addLocationLabel(toolFile, sandboxPaths)
+		addLocationLabel(toolFile, toolLocation{paths})
 	}
 
 	var srcFiles android.Paths
@@ -370,10 +365,10 @@
 			// The command that uses this placeholder file will never be executed because the rule will be
 			// replaced with an android.Error rule reporting the missing dependencies.
 			ctx.AddMissingDependencies(missingDeps)
-			addLocationLabel(in, []string{"***missing srcs " + in + "***"})
+			addLocationLabel(in, errorLocation{"***missing srcs " + in + "***"})
 		} else {
 			srcFiles = append(srcFiles, paths...)
-			addLocationLabel(in, paths.Strings())
+			addLocationLabel(in, inputLocation{paths})
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -408,7 +403,7 @@
 		cmd := rule.Command()
 
 		for _, out := range task.out {
-			addLocationLabel(out.Rel(), []string{cmd.PathForOutput(out)})
+			addLocationLabel(out.Rel(), outputLocation{out})
 		}
 
 		referencedDepfile := false
@@ -426,16 +421,17 @@
 				if len(g.properties.Tools) == 0 && len(g.properties.Tool_files) == 0 {
 					return reportError("at least one `tools` or `tool_files` is required if $(location) is used")
 				}
-				paths := locationLabels[firstLabel]
+				loc := locationLabels[firstLabel]
+				paths := loc.Paths(cmd)
 				if len(paths) == 0 {
 					return reportError("default label %q has no files", firstLabel)
 				} else if len(paths) > 1 {
 					return reportError("default label %q has multiple files, use $(locations %s) to reference it",
 						firstLabel, firstLabel)
 				}
-				return locationLabels[firstLabel][0], nil
+				return paths[0], nil
 			case "in":
-				return strings.Join(srcFiles.Strings(), " "), nil
+				return strings.Join(cmd.PathsForInputs(srcFiles), " "), nil
 			case "out":
 				var sandboxOuts []string
 				for _, out := range task.out {
@@ -453,7 +449,8 @@
 			default:
 				if strings.HasPrefix(name, "location ") {
 					label := strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(name, "location "))
-					if paths, ok := locationLabels[label]; ok {
+					if loc, ok := locationLabels[label]; ok {
+						paths := loc.Paths(cmd)
 						if len(paths) == 0 {
 							return reportError("label %q has no files", label)
 						} else if len(paths) > 1 {
@@ -466,7 +463,8 @@
 					}
 				} else if strings.HasPrefix(name, "locations ") {
 					label := strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(name, "locations "))
-					if paths, ok := locationLabels[label]; ok {
+					if loc, ok := locationLabels[label]; ok {
+						paths := loc.Paths(cmd)
 						if len(paths) == 0 {
 							return reportError("label %q has no files", label)
 						}
@@ -719,7 +717,7 @@
 				outputDepfile = android.PathForModuleGen(ctx, genSubDir, "gensrcs.d")
 				depFixerTool := ctx.Config().HostToolPath(ctx, "dep_fixer")
 				fullCommand += fmt.Sprintf(" && %s -o $(depfile) %s",
-					android.SboxPathForTool(ctx, depFixerTool),
+					rule.Command().PathForTool(depFixerTool),
 					strings.Join(commandDepFiles, " "))
 				extraTools = append(extraTools, depFixerTool)
 			}
diff --git a/genrule/locations.go b/genrule/locations.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2978b91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/genrule/locations.go
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package genrule
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	"android/soong/android"
+)
+
+// location is used to service $(location) and $(locations) entries in genrule commands.
+type location interface {
+	Paths(cmd *android.RuleBuilderCommand) []string
+	String() string
+}
+
+// inputLocation is a $(location) result for an entry in the srcs property.
+type inputLocation struct {
+	paths android.Paths
+}
+
+func (l inputLocation) String() string {
+	return strings.Join(l.paths.Strings(), " ")
+}
+
+func (l inputLocation) Paths(cmd *android.RuleBuilderCommand) []string {
+	return cmd.PathsForInputs(l.paths)
+}
+
+var _ location = inputLocation{}
+
+// outputLocation is a $(location) result for an entry in the out property.
+type outputLocation struct {
+	path android.WritablePath
+}
+
+func (l outputLocation) String() string {
+	return l.path.String()
+}
+
+func (l outputLocation) Paths(cmd *android.RuleBuilderCommand) []string {
+	return []string{cmd.PathForOutput(l.path)}
+}
+
+var _ location = outputLocation{}
+
+// toolLocation is a $(location) result for an entry in the tools or tool_files property.
+type toolLocation struct {
+	paths android.Paths
+}
+
+func (l toolLocation) String() string {
+	return strings.Join(l.paths.Strings(), " ")
+}
+
+func (l toolLocation) Paths(cmd *android.RuleBuilderCommand) []string {
+	return cmd.PathsForTools(l.paths)
+}
+
+var _ location = toolLocation{}
+
+// packagedToolLocation is a $(location) result for an entry in the tools or tool_files property
+// that has PackagingSpecs.
+type packagedToolLocation struct {
+	spec android.PackagingSpec
+}
+
+func (l packagedToolLocation) String() string {
+	return l.spec.FileName()
+}
+
+func (l packagedToolLocation) Paths(cmd *android.RuleBuilderCommand) []string {
+	return []string{cmd.PathForPackagedTool(l.spec)}
+}
+
+var _ location = packagedToolLocation{}
+
+// errorLocation is a placeholder for a $(location) result that returns garbage to break the command
+// when error reporting is delayed by ALLOW_MISSING_DEPENDENCIES=true.
+type errorLocation struct {
+	err string
+}
+
+func (l errorLocation) String() string {
+	return l.err
+}
+
+func (l errorLocation) Paths(cmd *android.RuleBuilderCommand) []string {
+	return []string{l.err}
+}
+
+var _ location = errorLocation{}
diff --git a/java/Android.bp b/java/Android.bp
index c67379c..b6c14ac 100644
--- a/java/Android.bp
+++ b/java/Android.bp
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
         "dexpreopt_bootjars.go",
         "dexpreopt_config.go",
         "droiddoc.go",
+        "droidstubs.go",
         "gen.go",
         "genrule.go",
         "hiddenapi.go",
@@ -72,6 +73,8 @@
         "device_host_converter_test.go",
         "dexpreopt_test.go",
         "dexpreopt_bootjars_test.go",
+        "droiddoc_test.go",
+        "droidstubs_test.go",
         "hiddenapi_singleton_test.go",
         "java_test.go",
         "jdeps_test.go",
diff --git a/java/app.go b/java/app.go
index 1b6e0e3..b849b98 100755
--- a/java/app.go
+++ b/java/app.go
@@ -1294,7 +1294,8 @@
 	// check is not necessary, and although it is good to have, it is difficult to maintain on
 	// non-linux build platforms where dexpreopt is generally disabled (the check may fail due to
 	// various unrelated reasons, such as a failure to get manifest from an APK).
-	if dexpreopt.GetGlobalConfig(ctx).DisablePreopt {
+	global := dexpreopt.GetGlobalConfig(ctx)
+	if global.DisablePreopt || global.OnlyPreoptBootImageAndSystemServer {
 		return inputFile
 	}
 
diff --git a/java/boot_image.go b/java/boot_image.go
index a14940d..8594792 100644
--- a/java/boot_image.go
+++ b/java/boot_image.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 	"android/soong/android"
 	"android/soong/dexpreopt"
+	"github.com/google/blueprint/proptools"
 
 	"github.com/google/blueprint"
 )
@@ -27,24 +28,58 @@
 func init() {
 	RegisterBootImageBuildComponents(android.InitRegistrationContext)
 
+	// TODO(b/177892522): Remove after has been replaced by bootclasspath_fragments
 	android.RegisterSdkMemberType(&bootImageMemberType{
 		SdkMemberTypeBase: android.SdkMemberTypeBase{
 			PropertyName: "boot_images",
 			SupportsSdk:  true,
 		},
 	})
+
+	android.RegisterSdkMemberType(&bootImageMemberType{
+		SdkMemberTypeBase: android.SdkMemberTypeBase{
+			PropertyName: "bootclasspath_fragments",
+			SupportsSdk:  true,
+		},
+	})
 }
 
 func RegisterBootImageBuildComponents(ctx android.RegistrationContext) {
+	// TODO(b/177892522): Remove after has been replaced by bootclasspath_fragment
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("boot_image", bootImageFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("prebuilt_boot_image", prebuiltBootImageFactory)
+
+	ctx.RegisterModuleType("bootclasspath_fragment", bootImageFactory)
+	ctx.RegisterModuleType("prebuilt_bootclasspath_fragment", prebuiltBootImageFactory)
 }
 
+type bootImageContentDependencyTag struct {
+	blueprint.BaseDependencyTag
+}
+
+// Avoid having to make boot image content visible to the boot image.
+//
+// This is a temporary workaround to make it easier to migrate to boot image modules with proper
+// dependencies.
+// TODO(b/177892522): Remove this and add needed visibility.
+func (b bootImageContentDependencyTag) ExcludeFromVisibilityEnforcement() {
+}
+
+// The tag used for the dependency between the boot image module and its contents.
+var bootImageContentDepTag = bootImageContentDependencyTag{}
+
+var _ android.ExcludeFromVisibilityEnforcementTag = bootImageContentDepTag
+
 type bootImageProperties struct {
 	// The name of the image this represents.
 	//
 	// Must be one of "art" or "boot".
-	Image_name string
+	Image_name *string
+
+	// The contents of this boot image, could be either java_library, java_sdk_library, or boot_image.
+	//
+	// The order of this list matters as it is the order that is used in the bootclasspath.
+	Contents []string `blueprint:"mutated"`
 }
 
 type BootImageModule struct {
@@ -60,9 +95,52 @@
 	android.InitApexModule(m)
 	android.InitSdkAwareModule(m)
 	android.InitAndroidArchModule(m, android.HostAndDeviceSupported, android.MultilibCommon)
+
+	// Perform some consistency checking to ensure that the configuration is correct.
+	android.AddLoadHook(m, func(ctx android.LoadHookContext) {
+		bootImageConsistencyCheck(ctx, m)
+	})
 	return m
 }
 
+func bootImageConsistencyCheck(ctx android.EarlyModuleContext, m *BootImageModule) {
+	imageName := proptools.String(m.properties.Image_name)
+	if imageName == "art" {
+		// Get the configuration for the art apex jars. Do not use getImageConfig(ctx) here as this is
+		// too early in the Soong processing for that to work.
+		global := dexpreopt.GetGlobalConfig(ctx)
+		modules := global.ArtApexJars
+
+		// Make sure that the apex specified in the configuration is consistent and is one for which
+		// this boot image is available.
+		jars := []string{}
+		commonApex := ""
+		for i := 0; i < modules.Len(); i++ {
+			apex := modules.Apex(i)
+			jar := modules.Jar(i)
+			if apex == "platform" {
+				ctx.ModuleErrorf("ArtApexJars is invalid as it requests a platform variant of %q", jar)
+				continue
+			}
+			if !m.AvailableFor(apex) {
+				ctx.ModuleErrorf("incompatible with ArtApexJars which expects this to be in apex %q but this is only in apexes %q",
+					apex, m.ApexAvailable())
+				continue
+			}
+			if commonApex == "" {
+				commonApex = apex
+			} else if commonApex != apex {
+				ctx.ModuleErrorf("ArtApexJars configuration is inconsistent, expected all jars to be in the same apex but it specifies apex %q and %q",
+					commonApex, apex)
+			}
+			jars = append(jars, jar)
+		}
+
+		// Store the jars in the Contents property so that they can be used to add dependencies.
+		m.properties.Contents = jars
+	}
+}
+
 var BootImageInfoProvider = blueprint.NewProvider(BootImageInfo{})
 
 type BootImageInfo struct {
@@ -96,6 +174,10 @@
 
 func (b *BootImageModule) DepIsInSameApex(ctx android.BaseModuleContext, dep android.Module) bool {
 	tag := ctx.OtherModuleDependencyTag(dep)
+	if tag == bootImageContentDepTag {
+		// Boot image contents are not automatically added to apex, yet.
+		return false
+	}
 	if android.IsMetaDependencyTag(tag) {
 		// Cross-cutting metadata dependencies are metadata.
 		return false
@@ -108,6 +190,8 @@
 }
 
 func (b *BootImageModule) DepsMutator(ctx android.BottomUpMutatorContext) {
+	ctx.AddDependency(ctx.Module(), bootImageContentDepTag, b.properties.Contents...)
+
 	if SkipDexpreoptBootJars(ctx) {
 		return
 	}
@@ -127,14 +211,8 @@
 	// GenerateSingletonBuildActions method as it cannot create it for itself.
 	dexpreopt.GetGlobalSoongConfig(ctx)
 
-	// Get a map of the image configs that are supported.
-	imageConfigs := genBootImageConfigs(ctx)
-
-	// Retrieve the config for this image.
-	imageName := b.properties.Image_name
-	imageConfig := imageConfigs[imageName]
+	imageConfig := b.getImageConfig(ctx)
 	if imageConfig == nil {
-		ctx.PropertyErrorf("image_name", "Unknown image name %q, expected one of %s", imageName, strings.Join(android.SortedStringKeys(imageConfigs), ", "))
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -145,6 +223,25 @@
 	ctx.SetProvider(BootImageInfoProvider, info)
 }
 
+func (b *BootImageModule) getImageConfig(ctx android.EarlyModuleContext) *bootImageConfig {
+	// Get a map of the image configs that are supported.
+	imageConfigs := genBootImageConfigs(ctx)
+
+	// Retrieve the config for this image.
+	imageNamePtr := b.properties.Image_name
+	if imageNamePtr == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	imageName := *imageNamePtr
+	imageConfig := imageConfigs[imageName]
+	if imageConfig == nil {
+		ctx.PropertyErrorf("image_name", "Unknown image name %q, expected one of %s", imageName, strings.Join(android.SortedStringKeys(imageConfigs), ", "))
+		return nil
+	}
+	return imageConfig
+}
+
 type bootImageMemberType struct {
 	android.SdkMemberTypeBase
 }
@@ -159,7 +256,11 @@
 }
 
 func (b *bootImageMemberType) AddPrebuiltModule(ctx android.SdkMemberContext, member android.SdkMember) android.BpModule {
-	return ctx.SnapshotBuilder().AddPrebuiltModule(member, "prebuilt_boot_image")
+	if b.PropertyName == "boot_images" {
+		return ctx.SnapshotBuilder().AddPrebuiltModule(member, "prebuilt_boot_image")
+	} else {
+		return ctx.SnapshotBuilder().AddPrebuiltModule(member, "prebuilt_bootclasspath_fragment")
+	}
 }
 
 func (b *bootImageMemberType) CreateVariantPropertiesStruct() android.SdkMemberProperties {
@@ -169,7 +270,7 @@
 type bootImageSdkMemberProperties struct {
 	android.SdkMemberPropertiesBase
 
-	Image_name string
+	Image_name *string
 }
 
 func (b *bootImageSdkMemberProperties) PopulateFromVariant(ctx android.SdkMemberContext, variant android.Module) {
@@ -179,8 +280,8 @@
 }
 
 func (b *bootImageSdkMemberProperties) AddToPropertySet(ctx android.SdkMemberContext, propertySet android.BpPropertySet) {
-	if b.Image_name != "" {
-		propertySet.AddProperty("image_name", b.Image_name)
+	if b.Image_name != nil {
+		propertySet.AddProperty("image_name", *b.Image_name)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -213,5 +314,10 @@
 	android.InitApexModule(m)
 	android.InitSdkAwareModule(m)
 	android.InitAndroidArchModule(m, android.HostAndDeviceSupported, android.MultilibCommon)
+
+	// Perform some consistency checking to ensure that the configuration is correct.
+	android.AddLoadHook(m, func(ctx android.LoadHookContext) {
+		bootImageConsistencyCheck(ctx, &m.BootImageModule)
+	})
 	return m
 }
diff --git a/java/boot_image_test.go b/java/boot_image_test.go
index 65e590d..a289df8 100644
--- a/java/boot_image_test.go
+++ b/java/boot_image_test.go
@@ -16,25 +16,88 @@
 
 import (
 	"testing"
+
+	"android/soong/android"
+	"android/soong/dexpreopt"
 )
 
 // Contains some simple tests for boot_image logic, additional tests can be found in
 // apex/boot_image_test.go as the ART boot image requires modules from the ART apex.
 
+var prepareForTestWithBootImage = android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+	PrepareForTestWithJavaDefaultModules,
+	dexpreopt.PrepareForTestByEnablingDexpreopt,
+)
+
 func TestUnknownBootImage(t *testing.T) {
-	testJavaError(t, "image_name: Unknown image name \\\"unknown\\\", expected one of art, boot", `
-		boot_image {
-			name: "unknown-boot-image",
-			image_name: "unknown",
-		}
-`)
+	prepareForTestWithBootImage.
+		ExtendWithErrorHandler(android.FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(
+			`\Qimage_name: Unknown image name "unknown", expected one of art, boot\E`)).
+		RunTestWithBp(t, `
+			boot_image {
+				name: "unknown-boot-image",
+				image_name: "unknown",
+			}
+		`)
+}
+
+func TestUnknownBootclasspathFragmentImageName(t *testing.T) {
+	prepareForTestWithBootImage.
+		ExtendWithErrorHandler(android.FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(
+			`\Qimage_name: Unknown image name "unknown", expected one of art, boot\E`)).
+		RunTestWithBp(t, `
+			bootclasspath_fragment {
+				name: "unknown-boot-image",
+				image_name: "unknown",
+			}
+		`)
 }
 
 func TestUnknownPrebuiltBootImage(t *testing.T) {
-	testJavaError(t, "image_name: Unknown image name \\\"unknown\\\", expected one of art, boot", `
-		prebuilt_boot_image {
-			name: "unknown-boot-image",
-			image_name: "unknown",
-		}
-`)
+	prepareForTestWithBootImage.
+		ExtendWithErrorHandler(android.FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(
+			`\Qimage_name: Unknown image name "unknown", expected one of art, boot\E`)).
+		RunTestWithBp(t, `
+			prebuilt_boot_image {
+				name: "unknown-boot-image",
+				image_name: "unknown",
+			}
+		`)
+}
+
+func TestBootImageInconsistentArtConfiguration_Platform(t *testing.T) {
+	android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		prepareForTestWithBootImage,
+		dexpreopt.FixtureSetArtBootJars("platform:foo", "apex:bar"),
+	).
+		ExtendWithErrorHandler(android.FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(
+			`\QArtApexJars is invalid as it requests a platform variant of "foo"\E`)).
+		RunTestWithBp(t, `
+			boot_image {
+				name: "boot-image",
+				image_name: "art",
+				apex_available: [
+					"apex",
+				],
+			}
+		`)
+}
+
+func TestBootImageInconsistentArtConfiguration_ApexMixture(t *testing.T) {
+	android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		prepareForTestWithBootImage,
+		dexpreopt.FixtureSetArtBootJars("apex1:foo", "apex2:bar"),
+	).
+		ExtendWithErrorHandler(android.FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(
+			`\QArtApexJars configuration is inconsistent, expected all jars to be in the same apex but it specifies apex "apex1" and "apex2"\E`)).
+		RunTestWithBp(t, `
+			boot_image {
+				name: "boot-image",
+				image_name: "art",
+				apex_available: [
+					"apex1",
+					"apex2",
+				],
+			}
+		`)
 }
diff --git a/java/builder.go b/java/builder.go
index fc740a8..cde8731 100644
--- a/java/builder.go
+++ b/java/builder.go
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@
 		&remoteexec.REParams{Labels: map[string]string{"type": "tool", "name": "turbine"},
 			ExecStrategy:      "${config.RETurbineExecStrategy}",
 			Inputs:            []string{"${config.TurbineJar}", "${out}.rsp", "$implicits"},
-			RSPFile:           "${out}.rsp",
+			RSPFiles:          []string{"${out}.rsp"},
 			OutputFiles:       []string{"$out.tmp"},
 			OutputDirectories: []string{"$outDir"},
 			ToolchainInputs:   []string{"${config.JavaCmd}"},
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@
 		&remoteexec.REParams{
 			ExecStrategy: "${config.REJarExecStrategy}",
 			Inputs:       []string{"${config.SoongZipCmd}", "${out}.rsp"},
-			RSPFile:      "${out}.rsp",
+			RSPFiles:     []string{"${out}.rsp"},
 			OutputFiles:  []string{"$out"},
 			Platform:     map[string]string{remoteexec.PoolKey: "${config.REJavaPool}"},
 		}, []string{"jarArgs"}, nil)
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
 		&remoteexec.REParams{
 			ExecStrategy: "${config.REZipExecStrategy}",
 			Inputs:       []string{"${config.SoongZipCmd}", "${out}.rsp", "$implicits"},
-			RSPFile:      "${out}.rsp",
+			RSPFiles:     []string{"${out}.rsp"},
 			OutputFiles:  []string{"$out"},
 			Platform:     map[string]string{remoteexec.PoolKey: "${config.REJavaPool}"},
 		}, []string{"jarArgs"}, []string{"implicits"})
diff --git a/java/droiddoc.go b/java/droiddoc.go
index a892b36..a8e2b0e 100644
--- a/java/droiddoc.go
+++ b/java/droiddoc.go
@@ -23,12 +23,10 @@
 
 	"android/soong/android"
 	"android/soong/java/config"
-	"android/soong/remoteexec"
 )
 
 func init() {
 	RegisterDocsBuildComponents(android.InitRegistrationContext)
-	RegisterStubsBuildComponents(android.InitRegistrationContext)
 }
 
 func RegisterDocsBuildComponents(ctx android.RegistrationContext) {
@@ -41,19 +39,6 @@
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("javadoc_host", JavadocHostFactory)
 }
 
-func RegisterStubsBuildComponents(ctx android.RegistrationContext) {
-	ctx.RegisterModuleType("stubs_defaults", StubsDefaultsFactory)
-
-	ctx.RegisterModuleType("droidstubs", DroidstubsFactory)
-	ctx.RegisterModuleType("droidstubs_host", DroidstubsHostFactory)
-
-	ctx.RegisterModuleType("prebuilt_stubs_sources", PrebuiltStubsSourcesFactory)
-}
-
-var (
-	srcsLibTag = dependencyTag{name: "sources from javalib"}
-)
-
 type JavadocProperties struct {
 	// list of source files used to compile the Java module.  May be .java, .logtags, .proto,
 	// or .aidl files.
@@ -177,80 +162,6 @@
 	Compat_config *string `android:"path"`
 }
 
-type DroidstubsProperties struct {
-	// The generated public API filename by Metalava, defaults to <module>_api.txt
-	Api_filename *string
-
-	// the generated removed API filename by Metalava, defaults to <module>_removed.txt
-	Removed_api_filename *string
-
-	// the generated removed Dex API filename by Metalava.
-	Removed_dex_api_filename *string
-
-	Check_api struct {
-		Last_released ApiToCheck
-
-		Current ApiToCheck
-
-		Api_lint struct {
-			Enabled *bool
-
-			// If set, performs api_lint on any new APIs not found in the given signature file
-			New_since *string `android:"path"`
-
-			// If not blank, path to the baseline txt file for approved API lint violations.
-			Baseline_file *string `android:"path"`
-		}
-	}
-
-	// user can specify the version of previous released API file in order to do compatibility check.
-	Previous_api *string `android:"path"`
-
-	// is set to true, Metalava will allow framework SDK to contain annotations.
-	Annotations_enabled *bool
-
-	// a list of top-level directories containing files to merge qualifier annotations (i.e. those intended to be included in the stubs written) from.
-	Merge_annotations_dirs []string
-
-	// a list of top-level directories containing Java stub files to merge show/hide annotations from.
-	Merge_inclusion_annotations_dirs []string
-
-	// a file containing a list of classes to do nullability validation for.
-	Validate_nullability_from_list *string
-
-	// a file containing expected warnings produced by validation of nullability annotations.
-	Check_nullability_warnings *string
-
-	// if set to true, allow Metalava to generate doc_stubs source files. Defaults to false.
-	Create_doc_stubs *bool
-
-	// if set to true, cause Metalava to output Javadoc comments in the stubs source files. Defaults to false.
-	// Has no effect if create_doc_stubs: true.
-	Output_javadoc_comments *bool
-
-	// if set to false then do not write out stubs. Defaults to true.
-	//
-	// TODO(b/146727827): Remove capability when we do not need to generate stubs and API separately.
-	Generate_stubs *bool
-
-	// if set to true, provides a hint to the build system that this rule uses a lot of memory,
-	// whicih can be used for scheduling purposes
-	High_mem *bool
-
-	// is set to true, Metalava will allow framework SDK to contain API levels annotations.
-	Api_levels_annotations_enabled *bool
-
-	// the dirs which Metalava extracts API levels annotations from.
-	Api_levels_annotations_dirs []string
-
-	// the filename which Metalava extracts API levels annotations from. Defaults to android.jar.
-	Api_levels_jar_filename *string
-
-	// if set to true, collect the values used by the Dev tools and
-	// write them in files packaged with the SDK. Defaults to false.
-	Write_sdk_values *bool
-}
-
 //
 // Common flags passed down to build rule
 //
@@ -947,669 +858,9 @@
 }
 
 //
-// Droidstubs
-//
-type Droidstubs struct {
-	Javadoc
-	android.SdkBase
-
-	properties              DroidstubsProperties
-	apiFile                 android.WritablePath
-	apiXmlFile              android.WritablePath
-	lastReleasedApiXmlFile  android.WritablePath
-	privateApiFile          android.WritablePath
-	removedApiFile          android.WritablePath
-	removedDexApiFile       android.WritablePath
-	nullabilityWarningsFile android.WritablePath
-
-	checkCurrentApiTimestamp      android.WritablePath
-	updateCurrentApiTimestamp     android.WritablePath
-	checkLastReleasedApiTimestamp android.WritablePath
-	apiLintTimestamp              android.WritablePath
-	apiLintReport                 android.WritablePath
-
-	checkNullabilityWarningsTimestamp android.WritablePath
-
-	annotationsZip android.WritablePath
-	apiVersionsXml android.WritablePath
-
-	apiFilePath        android.Path
-	removedApiFilePath android.Path
-
-	metadataZip android.WritablePath
-	metadataDir android.WritablePath
-}
-
-// droidstubs passes sources files through Metalava to generate stub .java files that only contain the API to be
-// documented, filtering out hidden classes and methods.  The resulting .java files are intended to be passed to
-// a droiddoc module to generate documentation.
-func DroidstubsFactory() android.Module {
-	module := &Droidstubs{}
-
-	module.AddProperties(&module.properties,
-		&module.Javadoc.properties)
-
-	InitDroiddocModule(module, android.HostAndDeviceSupported)
-	android.InitSdkAwareModule(module)
-	return module
-}
-
-// droidstubs_host passes sources files through Metalava to generate stub .java files that only contain the API
-// to be documented, filtering out hidden classes and methods.  The resulting .java files are intended to be
-// passed to a droiddoc_host module to generate documentation.  Use a droidstubs_host instead of a droidstubs
-// module when symbols needed by the source files are provided by java_library_host modules.
-func DroidstubsHostFactory() android.Module {
-	module := &Droidstubs{}
-
-	module.AddProperties(&module.properties,
-		&module.Javadoc.properties)
-
-	InitDroiddocModule(module, android.HostSupported)
-	return module
-}
-
-func (d *Droidstubs) OutputFiles(tag string) (android.Paths, error) {
-	switch tag {
-	case "":
-		return android.Paths{d.stubsSrcJar}, nil
-	case ".docs.zip":
-		return android.Paths{d.docZip}, nil
-	case ".api.txt", android.DefaultDistTag:
-		// This is the default dist path for dist properties that have no tag property.
-		return android.Paths{d.apiFilePath}, nil
-	case ".removed-api.txt":
-		return android.Paths{d.removedApiFilePath}, nil
-	case ".annotations.zip":
-		return android.Paths{d.annotationsZip}, nil
-	case ".api_versions.xml":
-		return android.Paths{d.apiVersionsXml}, nil
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported module reference tag %q", tag)
-	}
-}
-
-func (d *Droidstubs) ApiFilePath() android.Path {
-	return d.apiFilePath
-}
-
-func (d *Droidstubs) RemovedApiFilePath() android.Path {
-	return d.removedApiFilePath
-}
-
-func (d *Droidstubs) StubsSrcJar() android.Path {
-	return d.stubsSrcJar
-}
-
-func (d *Droidstubs) DepsMutator(ctx android.BottomUpMutatorContext) {
-	d.Javadoc.addDeps(ctx)
-
-	if len(d.properties.Merge_annotations_dirs) != 0 {
-		for _, mergeAnnotationsDir := range d.properties.Merge_annotations_dirs {
-			ctx.AddDependency(ctx.Module(), metalavaMergeAnnotationsDirTag, mergeAnnotationsDir)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(d.properties.Merge_inclusion_annotations_dirs) != 0 {
-		for _, mergeInclusionAnnotationsDir := range d.properties.Merge_inclusion_annotations_dirs {
-			ctx.AddDependency(ctx.Module(), metalavaMergeInclusionAnnotationsDirTag, mergeInclusionAnnotationsDir)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(d.properties.Api_levels_annotations_dirs) != 0 {
-		for _, apiLevelsAnnotationsDir := range d.properties.Api_levels_annotations_dirs {
-			ctx.AddDependency(ctx.Module(), metalavaAPILevelsAnnotationsDirTag, apiLevelsAnnotationsDir)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (d *Droidstubs) stubsFlags(ctx android.ModuleContext, cmd *android.RuleBuilderCommand, stubsDir android.OptionalPath) {
-	if apiCheckEnabled(ctx, d.properties.Check_api.Current, "current") ||
-		apiCheckEnabled(ctx, d.properties.Check_api.Last_released, "last_released") ||
-		String(d.properties.Api_filename) != "" {
-		filename := proptools.StringDefault(d.properties.Api_filename, ctx.ModuleName()+"_api.txt")
-		d.apiFile = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, filename)
-		cmd.FlagWithOutput("--api ", d.apiFile)
-		d.apiFilePath = d.apiFile
-	} else if sourceApiFile := proptools.String(d.properties.Check_api.Current.Api_file); sourceApiFile != "" {
-		// If check api is disabled then make the source file available for export.
-		d.apiFilePath = android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, sourceApiFile)
-	}
-
-	if apiCheckEnabled(ctx, d.properties.Check_api.Current, "current") ||
-		apiCheckEnabled(ctx, d.properties.Check_api.Last_released, "last_released") ||
-		String(d.properties.Removed_api_filename) != "" {
-		filename := proptools.StringDefault(d.properties.Removed_api_filename, ctx.ModuleName()+"_removed.txt")
-		d.removedApiFile = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, filename)
-		cmd.FlagWithOutput("--removed-api ", d.removedApiFile)
-		d.removedApiFilePath = d.removedApiFile
-	} else if sourceRemovedApiFile := proptools.String(d.properties.Check_api.Current.Removed_api_file); sourceRemovedApiFile != "" {
-		// If check api is disabled then make the source removed api file available for export.
-		d.removedApiFilePath = android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, sourceRemovedApiFile)
-	}
-
-	if String(d.properties.Removed_dex_api_filename) != "" {
-		d.removedDexApiFile = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, String(d.properties.Removed_dex_api_filename))
-		cmd.FlagWithOutput("--removed-dex-api ", d.removedDexApiFile)
-	}
-
-	if Bool(d.properties.Write_sdk_values) {
-		d.metadataDir = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metadata")
-		cmd.FlagWithArg("--sdk-values ", d.metadataDir.String())
-	}
-
-	if stubsDir.Valid() {
-		if Bool(d.properties.Create_doc_stubs) {
-			cmd.FlagWithArg("--doc-stubs ", stubsDir.String())
-		} else {
-			cmd.FlagWithArg("--stubs ", stubsDir.String())
-			if !Bool(d.properties.Output_javadoc_comments) {
-				cmd.Flag("--exclude-documentation-from-stubs")
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (d *Droidstubs) annotationsFlags(ctx android.ModuleContext, cmd *android.RuleBuilderCommand) {
-	if Bool(d.properties.Annotations_enabled) {
-		cmd.Flag("--include-annotations")
-
-		validatingNullability :=
-			android.InList("--validate-nullability-from-merged-stubs", d.Javadoc.args) ||
-				String(d.properties.Validate_nullability_from_list) != ""
-
-		migratingNullability := String(d.properties.Previous_api) != ""
-		if migratingNullability {
-			previousApi := android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, String(d.properties.Previous_api))
-			cmd.FlagWithInput("--migrate-nullness ", previousApi)
-		}
-
-		if s := String(d.properties.Validate_nullability_from_list); s != "" {
-			cmd.FlagWithInput("--validate-nullability-from-list ", android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, s))
-		}
-
-		if validatingNullability {
-			d.nullabilityWarningsFile = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, ctx.ModuleName()+"_nullability_warnings.txt")
-			cmd.FlagWithOutput("--nullability-warnings-txt ", d.nullabilityWarningsFile)
-		}
-
-		d.annotationsZip = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, ctx.ModuleName()+"_annotations.zip")
-		cmd.FlagWithOutput("--extract-annotations ", d.annotationsZip)
-
-		if len(d.properties.Merge_annotations_dirs) != 0 {
-			d.mergeAnnoDirFlags(ctx, cmd)
-		}
-
-		// TODO(tnorbye): find owners to fix these warnings when annotation was enabled.
-		cmd.FlagWithArg("--hide ", "HiddenTypedefConstant").
-			FlagWithArg("--hide ", "SuperfluousPrefix").
-			FlagWithArg("--hide ", "AnnotationExtraction")
-	}
-}
-
-func (d *Droidstubs) mergeAnnoDirFlags(ctx android.ModuleContext, cmd *android.RuleBuilderCommand) {
-	ctx.VisitDirectDepsWithTag(metalavaMergeAnnotationsDirTag, func(m android.Module) {
-		if t, ok := m.(*ExportedDroiddocDir); ok {
-			cmd.FlagWithArg("--merge-qualifier-annotations ", t.dir.String()).Implicits(t.deps)
-		} else {
-			ctx.PropertyErrorf("merge_annotations_dirs",
-				"module %q is not a metalava merge-annotations dir", ctx.OtherModuleName(m))
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func (d *Droidstubs) inclusionAnnotationsFlags(ctx android.ModuleContext, cmd *android.RuleBuilderCommand) {
-	ctx.VisitDirectDepsWithTag(metalavaMergeInclusionAnnotationsDirTag, func(m android.Module) {
-		if t, ok := m.(*ExportedDroiddocDir); ok {
-			cmd.FlagWithArg("--merge-inclusion-annotations ", t.dir.String()).Implicits(t.deps)
-		} else {
-			ctx.PropertyErrorf("merge_inclusion_annotations_dirs",
-				"module %q is not a metalava merge-annotations dir", ctx.OtherModuleName(m))
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func (d *Droidstubs) apiLevelsAnnotationsFlags(ctx android.ModuleContext, cmd *android.RuleBuilderCommand) {
-	if !Bool(d.properties.Api_levels_annotations_enabled) {
-		return
-	}
-
-	d.apiVersionsXml = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "api-versions.xml")
-
-	if len(d.properties.Api_levels_annotations_dirs) == 0 {
-		ctx.PropertyErrorf("api_levels_annotations_dirs",
-			"has to be non-empty if api levels annotations was enabled!")
-	}
-
-	cmd.FlagWithOutput("--generate-api-levels ", d.apiVersionsXml)
-	cmd.FlagWithInput("--apply-api-levels ", d.apiVersionsXml)
-	cmd.FlagWithArg("--current-version ", ctx.Config().PlatformSdkVersion().String())
-	cmd.FlagWithArg("--current-codename ", ctx.Config().PlatformSdkCodename())
-
-	filename := proptools.StringDefault(d.properties.Api_levels_jar_filename, "android.jar")
-
-	ctx.VisitDirectDepsWithTag(metalavaAPILevelsAnnotationsDirTag, func(m android.Module) {
-		if t, ok := m.(*ExportedDroiddocDir); ok {
-			for _, dep := range t.deps {
-				if strings.HasSuffix(dep.String(), filename) {
-					cmd.Implicit(dep)
-				}
-			}
-			cmd.FlagWithArg("--android-jar-pattern ", t.dir.String()+"/%/public/"+filename)
-		} else {
-			ctx.PropertyErrorf("api_levels_annotations_dirs",
-				"module %q is not a metalava api-levels-annotations dir", ctx.OtherModuleName(m))
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func metalavaCmd(ctx android.ModuleContext, rule *android.RuleBuilder, javaVersion javaVersion, srcs android.Paths,
-	srcJarList android.Path, bootclasspath, classpath classpath, sourcepaths android.Paths,
-	implicitsRsp, homeDir android.WritablePath, sandbox bool) *android.RuleBuilderCommand {
-	rule.Command().Text("rm -rf").Flag(homeDir.String())
-	rule.Command().Text("mkdir -p").Flag(homeDir.String())
-
-	cmd := rule.Command()
-	cmd.FlagWithArg("ANDROID_SDK_HOME=", homeDir.String())
-
-	if ctx.Config().UseRBE() && ctx.Config().IsEnvTrue("RBE_METALAVA") {
-		rule.Remoteable(android.RemoteRuleSupports{RBE: true})
-		pool := ctx.Config().GetenvWithDefault("RBE_METALAVA_POOL", "metalava")
-		execStrategy := ctx.Config().GetenvWithDefault("RBE_METALAVA_EXEC_STRATEGY", remoteexec.LocalExecStrategy)
-		labels := map[string]string{"type": "compile", "lang": "java", "compiler": "metalava"}
-		if !sandbox {
-			execStrategy = remoteexec.LocalExecStrategy
-			labels["shallow"] = "true"
-		}
-		inputs := []string{
-			ctx.Config().HostJavaToolPath(ctx, "metalava").String(),
-			homeDir.String(),
-		}
-		if v := ctx.Config().Getenv("RBE_METALAVA_INPUTS"); v != "" {
-			inputs = append(inputs, strings.Split(v, ",")...)
-		}
-		cmd.Text((&remoteexec.REParams{
-			Labels:               labels,
-			ExecStrategy:         execStrategy,
-			Inputs:               inputs,
-			RSPFile:              implicitsRsp.String(),
-			ToolchainInputs:      []string{config.JavaCmd(ctx).String()},
-			Platform:             map[string]string{remoteexec.PoolKey: pool},
-			EnvironmentVariables: []string{"ANDROID_SDK_HOME"},
-		}).NoVarTemplate(ctx.Config().RBEWrapper()))
-	}
-
-	cmd.BuiltTool("metalava").
-		Flag(config.JavacVmFlags).
-		Flag("-J--add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED").
-		FlagWithArg("-encoding ", "UTF-8").
-		FlagWithArg("-source ", javaVersion.String()).
-		FlagWithRspFileInputList("@", android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava.rsp"), srcs).
-		FlagWithInput("@", srcJarList)
-
-	if javaHome := ctx.Config().Getenv("ANDROID_JAVA_HOME"); javaHome != "" {
-		cmd.Implicit(android.PathForSource(ctx, javaHome))
-	}
-
-	if sandbox {
-		cmd.FlagWithOutput("--strict-input-files ", android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, ctx.ModuleName()+"-"+"violations.txt"))
-	} else {
-		cmd.FlagWithOutput("--strict-input-files:warn ", android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, ctx.ModuleName()+"-"+"violations.txt"))
-	}
-
-	if implicitsRsp != nil {
-		cmd.FlagWithArg("--strict-input-files-exempt ", "@"+implicitsRsp.String())
-	}
-
-	if len(bootclasspath) > 0 {
-		cmd.FlagWithInputList("-bootclasspath ", bootclasspath.Paths(), ":")
-	}
-
-	if len(classpath) > 0 {
-		cmd.FlagWithInputList("-classpath ", classpath.Paths(), ":")
-	}
-
-	if len(sourcepaths) > 0 {
-		cmd.FlagWithList("-sourcepath ", sourcepaths.Strings(), ":")
-	} else {
-		cmd.FlagWithArg("-sourcepath ", `""`)
-	}
-
-	cmd.Flag("--no-banner").
-		Flag("--color").
-		Flag("--quiet").
-		Flag("--format=v2").
-		FlagWithArg("--repeat-errors-max ", "10").
-		FlagWithArg("--hide ", "UnresolvedImport")
-
-	return cmd
-}
-
-func (d *Droidstubs) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext) {
-	deps := d.Javadoc.collectDeps(ctx)
-
-	javaVersion := getJavaVersion(ctx, String(d.Javadoc.properties.Java_version), sdkContext(d))
-
-	// Create rule for metalava
-
-	srcJarDir := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "srcjars")
-
-	rule := android.NewRuleBuilder(pctx, ctx)
-
-	if BoolDefault(d.properties.High_mem, false) {
-		// This metalava run uses lots of memory, restrict the number of metalava jobs that can run in parallel.
-		rule.HighMem()
-	}
-
-	generateStubs := BoolDefault(d.properties.Generate_stubs, true)
-	var stubsDir android.OptionalPath
-	if generateStubs {
-		d.Javadoc.stubsSrcJar = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, ctx.ModuleName()+"-"+"stubs.srcjar")
-		stubsDir = android.OptionalPathForPath(android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "stubsDir"))
-		rule.Command().Text("rm -rf").Text(stubsDir.String())
-		rule.Command().Text("mkdir -p").Text(stubsDir.String())
-	}
-
-	srcJarList := zipSyncCmd(ctx, rule, srcJarDir, d.Javadoc.srcJars)
-
-	implicitsRsp := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, ctx.ModuleName()+"-"+"implicits.rsp")
-	homeDir := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava-home")
-	cmd := metalavaCmd(ctx, rule, javaVersion, d.Javadoc.srcFiles, srcJarList,
-		deps.bootClasspath, deps.classpath, d.Javadoc.sourcepaths, implicitsRsp, homeDir,
-		Bool(d.Javadoc.properties.Sandbox))
-	cmd.Implicits(d.Javadoc.implicits)
-
-	d.stubsFlags(ctx, cmd, stubsDir)
-
-	d.annotationsFlags(ctx, cmd)
-	d.inclusionAnnotationsFlags(ctx, cmd)
-	d.apiLevelsAnnotationsFlags(ctx, cmd)
-
-	if android.InList("--generate-documentation", d.Javadoc.args) {
-		// Currently Metalava have the ability to invoke Javadoc in a seperate process.
-		// Pass "-nodocs" to suppress the Javadoc invocation when Metalava receives
-		// "--generate-documentation" arg. This is not needed when Metalava removes this feature.
-		d.Javadoc.args = append(d.Javadoc.args, "-nodocs")
-	}
-
-	cmd.Flag(strings.Join(d.Javadoc.args, " ")).Implicits(d.Javadoc.argFiles)
-	for _, o := range d.Javadoc.properties.Out {
-		cmd.ImplicitOutput(android.PathForModuleGen(ctx, o))
-	}
-
-	// Add options for the other optional tasks: API-lint and check-released.
-	// We generate separate timestamp files for them.
-
-	doApiLint := false
-	doCheckReleased := false
-
-	// Add API lint options.
-
-	if BoolDefault(d.properties.Check_api.Api_lint.Enabled, false) {
-		doApiLint = true
-
-		newSince := android.OptionalPathForModuleSrc(ctx, d.properties.Check_api.Api_lint.New_since)
-		if newSince.Valid() {
-			cmd.FlagWithInput("--api-lint ", newSince.Path())
-		} else {
-			cmd.Flag("--api-lint")
-		}
-		d.apiLintReport = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "api_lint_report.txt")
-		cmd.FlagWithOutput("--report-even-if-suppressed ", d.apiLintReport) // TODO:  Change to ":api-lint"
-
-		// TODO(b/154317059): Clean up this whitelist by baselining and/or checking in last-released.
-		if d.Name() != "android.car-system-stubs-docs" &&
-			d.Name() != "android.car-stubs-docs" {
-			cmd.Flag("--lints-as-errors")
-			cmd.Flag("--warnings-as-errors") // Most lints are actually warnings.
-		}
-
-		baselineFile := android.OptionalPathForModuleSrc(ctx, d.properties.Check_api.Api_lint.Baseline_file)
-		updatedBaselineOutput := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "api_lint_baseline.txt")
-		d.apiLintTimestamp = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "api_lint.timestamp")
-
-		// Note this string includes a special shell quote $' ... ', which decodes the "\n"s.
-		// However, because $' ... ' doesn't expand environmental variables, we can't just embed
-		// $PWD, so we have to terminate $'...', use "$PWD", then start $' ... ' again,
-		// which is why we have '"$PWD"$' in it.
-		//
-		// TODO: metalava also has a slightly different message hardcoded. Should we unify this
-		// message and metalava's one?
-		msg := `$'` + // Enclose with $' ... '
-			`************************************************************\n` +
-			`Your API changes are triggering API Lint warnings or errors.\n` +
-			`To make these errors go away, fix the code according to the\n` +
-			`error and/or warning messages above.\n` +
-			`\n` +
-			`If it is not possible to do so, there are workarounds:\n` +
-			`\n` +
-			`1. You can suppress the errors with @SuppressLint("<id>")\n`
-
-		if baselineFile.Valid() {
-			cmd.FlagWithInput("--baseline:api-lint ", baselineFile.Path())
-			cmd.FlagWithOutput("--update-baseline:api-lint ", updatedBaselineOutput)
-
-			msg += fmt.Sprintf(``+
-				`2. You can update the baseline by executing the following\n`+
-				`   command:\n`+
-				`       cp \\\n`+
-				`       "'"$PWD"$'/%s" \\\n`+
-				`       "'"$PWD"$'/%s"\n`+
-				`   To submit the revised baseline.txt to the main Android\n`+
-				`   repository, you will need approval.\n`, updatedBaselineOutput, baselineFile.Path())
-		} else {
-			msg += fmt.Sprintf(``+
-				`2. You can add a baseline file of existing lint failures\n`+
-				`   to the build rule of %s.\n`, d.Name())
-		}
-		// Note the message ends with a ' (single quote), to close the $' ... ' .
-		msg += `************************************************************\n'`
-
-		cmd.FlagWithArg("--error-message:api-lint ", msg)
-	}
-
-	// Add "check released" options. (Detect incompatible API changes from the last public release)
-
-	if apiCheckEnabled(ctx, d.properties.Check_api.Last_released, "last_released") {
-		doCheckReleased = true
-
-		if len(d.Javadoc.properties.Out) > 0 {
-			ctx.PropertyErrorf("out", "out property may not be combined with check_api")
-		}
-
-		apiFile := android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, String(d.properties.Check_api.Last_released.Api_file))
-		removedApiFile := android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, String(d.properties.Check_api.Last_released.Removed_api_file))
-		baselineFile := android.OptionalPathForModuleSrc(ctx, d.properties.Check_api.Last_released.Baseline_file)
-		updatedBaselineOutput := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "last_released_baseline.txt")
-
-		d.checkLastReleasedApiTimestamp = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "check_last_released_api.timestamp")
-
-		cmd.FlagWithInput("--check-compatibility:api:released ", apiFile)
-		cmd.FlagWithInput("--check-compatibility:removed:released ", removedApiFile)
-
-		if baselineFile.Valid() {
-			cmd.FlagWithInput("--baseline:compatibility:released ", baselineFile.Path())
-			cmd.FlagWithOutput("--update-baseline:compatibility:released ", updatedBaselineOutput)
-		}
-
-		// Note this string includes quote ($' ... '), which decodes the "\n"s.
-		msg := `$'\n******************************\n` +
-			`You have tried to change the API from what has been previously released in\n` +
-			`an SDK.  Please fix the errors listed above.\n` +
-			`******************************\n'`
-
-		cmd.FlagWithArg("--error-message:compatibility:released ", msg)
-	}
-
-	impRule := android.NewRuleBuilder(pctx, ctx)
-	impCmd := impRule.Command()
-	// An action that copies the ninja generated rsp file to a new location. This allows us to
-	// add a large number of inputs to a file without exceeding bash command length limits (which
-	// would happen if we use the WriteFile rule). The cp is needed because RuleBuilder sets the
-	// rsp file to be ${output}.rsp.
-	impCmd.Text("cp").
-		FlagWithRspFileInputList("", android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava-implicits.rsp"), cmd.GetImplicits()).
-		Output(implicitsRsp)
-	impRule.Build("implicitsGen", "implicits generation")
-	cmd.Implicit(implicitsRsp)
-
-	if generateStubs {
-		rule.Command().
-			BuiltTool("soong_zip").
-			Flag("-write_if_changed").
-			Flag("-jar").
-			FlagWithOutput("-o ", d.Javadoc.stubsSrcJar).
-			FlagWithArg("-C ", stubsDir.String()).
-			FlagWithArg("-D ", stubsDir.String())
-	}
-
-	if Bool(d.properties.Write_sdk_values) {
-		d.metadataZip = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, ctx.ModuleName()+"-metadata.zip")
-		rule.Command().
-			BuiltTool("soong_zip").
-			Flag("-write_if_changed").
-			Flag("-d").
-			FlagWithOutput("-o ", d.metadataZip).
-			FlagWithArg("-C ", d.metadataDir.String()).
-			FlagWithArg("-D ", d.metadataDir.String())
-	}
-
-	// TODO: We don't really need two separate API files, but this is a reminiscence of how
-	// we used to run metalava separately for API lint and the "last_released" check. Unify them.
-	if doApiLint {
-		rule.Command().Text("touch").Output(d.apiLintTimestamp)
-	}
-	if doCheckReleased {
-		rule.Command().Text("touch").Output(d.checkLastReleasedApiTimestamp)
-	}
-
-	rule.Restat()
-
-	zipSyncCleanupCmd(rule, srcJarDir)
-
-	rule.Build("metalava", "metalava merged")
-
-	if apiCheckEnabled(ctx, d.properties.Check_api.Current, "current") {
-
-		if len(d.Javadoc.properties.Out) > 0 {
-			ctx.PropertyErrorf("out", "out property may not be combined with check_api")
-		}
-
-		apiFile := android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, String(d.properties.Check_api.Current.Api_file))
-		removedApiFile := android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, String(d.properties.Check_api.Current.Removed_api_file))
-		baselineFile := android.OptionalPathForModuleSrc(ctx, d.properties.Check_api.Current.Baseline_file)
-
-		if baselineFile.Valid() {
-			ctx.PropertyErrorf("baseline_file", "current API check can't have a baseline file. (module %s)", ctx.ModuleName())
-		}
-
-		d.checkCurrentApiTimestamp = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "check_current_api.timestamp")
-
-		rule := android.NewRuleBuilder(pctx, ctx)
-
-		// Diff command line.
-		// -F matches the closest "opening" line, such as "package android {"
-		// and "  public class Intent {".
-		diff := `diff -u -F '{ *$'`
-
-		rule.Command().Text("( true")
-		rule.Command().
-			Text(diff).
-			Input(apiFile).Input(d.apiFile)
-
-		rule.Command().
-			Text(diff).
-			Input(removedApiFile).Input(d.removedApiFile)
-
-		msg := fmt.Sprintf(`\n******************************\n`+
-			`You have tried to change the API from what has been previously approved.\n\n`+
-			`To make these errors go away, you have two choices:\n`+
-			`   1. You can add '@hide' javadoc comments (and remove @SystemApi/@TestApi/etc)\n`+
-			`      to the new methods, etc. shown in the above diff.\n\n`+
-			`   2. You can update current.txt and/or removed.txt by executing the following command:\n`+
-			`         m %s-update-current-api\n\n`+
-			`      To submit the revised current.txt to the main Android repository,\n`+
-			`      you will need approval.\n`+
-			`******************************\n`, ctx.ModuleName())
-
-		rule.Command().
-			Text("touch").Output(d.checkCurrentApiTimestamp).
-			Text(") || (").
-			Text("echo").Flag("-e").Flag(`"` + msg + `"`).
-			Text("; exit 38").
-			Text(")")
-
-		rule.Build("metalavaCurrentApiCheck", "check current API")
-
-		d.updateCurrentApiTimestamp = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "update_current_api.timestamp")
-
-		// update API rule
-		rule = android.NewRuleBuilder(pctx, ctx)
-
-		rule.Command().Text("( true")
-
-		rule.Command().
-			Text("cp").Flag("-f").
-			Input(d.apiFile).Flag(apiFile.String())
-
-		rule.Command().
-			Text("cp").Flag("-f").
-			Input(d.removedApiFile).Flag(removedApiFile.String())
-
-		msg = "failed to update public API"
-
-		rule.Command().
-			Text("touch").Output(d.updateCurrentApiTimestamp).
-			Text(") || (").
-			Text("echo").Flag("-e").Flag(`"` + msg + `"`).
-			Text("; exit 38").
-			Text(")")
-
-		rule.Build("metalavaCurrentApiUpdate", "update current API")
-	}
-
-	if String(d.properties.Check_nullability_warnings) != "" {
-		if d.nullabilityWarningsFile == nil {
-			ctx.PropertyErrorf("check_nullability_warnings",
-				"Cannot specify check_nullability_warnings unless validating nullability")
-		}
-
-		checkNullabilityWarnings := android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, String(d.properties.Check_nullability_warnings))
-
-		d.checkNullabilityWarningsTimestamp = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "check_nullability_warnings.timestamp")
-
-		msg := fmt.Sprintf(`\n******************************\n`+
-			`The warnings encountered during nullability annotation validation did\n`+
-			`not match the checked in file of expected warnings. The diffs are shown\n`+
-			`above. You have two options:\n`+
-			`   1. Resolve the differences by editing the nullability annotations.\n`+
-			`   2. Update the file of expected warnings by running:\n`+
-			`         cp %s %s\n`+
-			`       and submitting the updated file as part of your change.`,
-			d.nullabilityWarningsFile, checkNullabilityWarnings)
-
-		rule := android.NewRuleBuilder(pctx, ctx)
-
-		rule.Command().
-			Text("(").
-			Text("diff").Input(checkNullabilityWarnings).Input(d.nullabilityWarningsFile).
-			Text("&&").
-			Text("touch").Output(d.checkNullabilityWarningsTimestamp).
-			Text(") || (").
-			Text("echo").Flag("-e").Flag(`"` + msg + `"`).
-			Text("; exit 38").
-			Text(")")
-
-		rule.Build("nullabilityWarningsCheck", "nullability warnings check")
-	}
-}
-
-//
 // Exported Droiddoc Directory
 //
 var droiddocTemplateTag = dependencyTag{name: "droiddoc-template"}
-var metalavaMergeAnnotationsDirTag = dependencyTag{name: "metalava-merge-annotations-dir"}
-var metalavaMergeInclusionAnnotationsDirTag = dependencyTag{name: "metalava-merge-inclusion-annotations-dir"}
-var metalavaAPILevelsAnnotationsDirTag = dependencyTag{name: "metalava-api-levels-annotations-dir"}
 
 type ExportedDroiddocDirProperties struct {
 	// path to the directory containing Droiddoc related files.
@@ -1662,19 +913,6 @@
 	return module
 }
 
-func StubsDefaultsFactory() android.Module {
-	module := &DocDefaults{}
-
-	module.AddProperties(
-		&JavadocProperties{},
-		&DroidstubsProperties{},
-	)
-
-	android.InitDefaultsModule(module)
-
-	return module
-}
-
 func zipSyncCmd(ctx android.ModuleContext, rule *android.RuleBuilder,
 	srcJarDir android.ModuleOutPath, srcJars android.Paths) android.OutputPath {
 
@@ -1699,94 +937,3 @@
 func zipSyncCleanupCmd(rule *android.RuleBuilder, srcJarDir android.ModuleOutPath) {
 	rule.Command().Text("rm -rf").Text(srcJarDir.String())
 }
-
-var _ android.PrebuiltInterface = (*PrebuiltStubsSources)(nil)
-
-type PrebuiltStubsSourcesProperties struct {
-	Srcs []string `android:"path"`
-}
-
-type PrebuiltStubsSources struct {
-	android.ModuleBase
-	android.DefaultableModuleBase
-	prebuilt android.Prebuilt
-	android.SdkBase
-
-	properties PrebuiltStubsSourcesProperties
-
-	stubsSrcJar android.ModuleOutPath
-}
-
-func (p *PrebuiltStubsSources) OutputFiles(tag string) (android.Paths, error) {
-	switch tag {
-	case "":
-		return android.Paths{p.stubsSrcJar}, nil
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported module reference tag %q", tag)
-	}
-}
-
-func (d *PrebuiltStubsSources) StubsSrcJar() android.Path {
-	return d.stubsSrcJar
-}
-
-func (p *PrebuiltStubsSources) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext) {
-	p.stubsSrcJar = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, ctx.ModuleName()+"-"+"stubs.srcjar")
-
-	if len(p.properties.Srcs) != 1 {
-		ctx.PropertyErrorf("srcs", "must only specify one directory path, contains %d paths", len(p.properties.Srcs))
-		return
-	}
-
-	localSrcDir := p.properties.Srcs[0]
-	// Although PathForModuleSrc can return nil if either the path doesn't exist or
-	// the path components are invalid it won't in this case because no components
-	// are specified and the module directory must exist in order to get this far.
-	srcDir := android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx).(android.SourcePath).Join(ctx, localSrcDir)
-
-	// Glob the contents of the directory just in case the directory does not exist.
-	srcGlob := localSrcDir + "/**/*"
-	srcPaths := android.PathsForModuleSrc(ctx, []string{srcGlob})
-
-	rule := android.NewRuleBuilder(pctx, ctx)
-	rule.Command().
-		BuiltTool("soong_zip").
-		Flag("-write_if_changed").
-		Flag("-jar").
-		FlagWithOutput("-o ", p.stubsSrcJar).
-		FlagWithArg("-C ", srcDir.String()).
-		FlagWithRspFileInputList("-r ", p.stubsSrcJar.ReplaceExtension(ctx, "rsp"), srcPaths)
-
-	rule.Restat()
-
-	rule.Build("zip src", "Create srcjar from prebuilt source")
-}
-
-func (p *PrebuiltStubsSources) Prebuilt() *android.Prebuilt {
-	return &p.prebuilt
-}
-
-func (p *PrebuiltStubsSources) Name() string {
-	return p.prebuilt.Name(p.ModuleBase.Name())
-}
-
-// prebuilt_stubs_sources imports a set of java source files as if they were
-// generated by droidstubs.
-//
-// By default, a prebuilt_stubs_sources has a single variant that expects a
-// set of `.java` files generated by droidstubs.
-//
-// Specifying `host_supported: true` will produce two variants, one for use as a dependency of device modules and one
-// for host modules.
-//
-// Intended only for use by sdk snapshots.
-func PrebuiltStubsSourcesFactory() android.Module {
-	module := &PrebuiltStubsSources{}
-
-	module.AddProperties(&module.properties)
-
-	android.InitPrebuiltModule(module, &module.properties.Srcs)
-	android.InitSdkAwareModule(module)
-	InitDroiddocModule(module, android.HostAndDeviceSupported)
-	return module
-}
diff --git a/java/droiddoc_test.go b/java/droiddoc_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b324ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/droiddoc_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package java
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"android/soong/android"
+)
+
+func TestDroiddoc(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, _ := testJavaWithFS(t, `
+		droiddoc_exported_dir {
+		    name: "droiddoc-templates-sdk",
+		    path: ".",
+		}
+		filegroup {
+		    name: "bar-doc-aidl-srcs",
+		    srcs: ["bar-doc/IBar.aidl"],
+		    path: "bar-doc",
+		}
+		droidstubs {
+		    name: "bar-stubs",
+		    srcs: [
+		        "bar-doc/a.java",
+		    ],
+		    exclude_srcs: [
+		        "bar-doc/b.java"
+		    ],
+		    api_levels_annotations_dirs: [
+		      "droiddoc-templates-sdk",
+		    ],
+		    api_levels_annotations_enabled: true,
+		}
+		droiddoc {
+		    name: "bar-doc",
+		    srcs: [
+		        ":bar-stubs",
+		        "bar-doc/IFoo.aidl",
+		        ":bar-doc-aidl-srcs",
+		    ],
+		    custom_template: "droiddoc-templates-sdk",
+		    hdf: [
+		        "android.whichdoc offline",
+		    ],
+		    knowntags: [
+		        "bar-doc/known_oj_tags.txt",
+		    ],
+		    proofread_file: "libcore-proofread.txt",
+		    todo_file: "libcore-docs-todo.html",
+		    flags: ["-offlinemode -title \"libcore\""],
+		}
+		`,
+		map[string][]byte{
+			"bar-doc/a.java": nil,
+			"bar-doc/b.java": nil,
+		})
+	barStubs := ctx.ModuleForTests("bar-stubs", "android_common")
+	barStubsOutputs, err := barStubs.Module().(*Droidstubs).OutputFiles("")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected error %q retrieving \"bar-stubs\" output file", err)
+	}
+	if len(barStubsOutputs) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected one output from \"bar-stubs\" got %s", barStubsOutputs)
+	}
+
+	barStubsOutput := barStubsOutputs[0]
+	barDoc := ctx.ModuleForTests("bar-doc", "android_common")
+	javaDoc := barDoc.Rule("javadoc").RelativeToTop()
+	if g, w := android.PathsRelativeToTop(javaDoc.Implicits), android.PathRelativeToTop(barStubsOutput); !inList(w, g) {
+		t.Errorf("implicits of bar-doc must contain %q, but was %q.", w, g)
+	}
+
+	expected := "-sourcepath out/soong/.intermediates/bar-doc/android_common/srcjars "
+	if !strings.Contains(javaDoc.RuleParams.Command, expected) {
+		t.Errorf("bar-doc command does not contain flag %q, but should\n%q", expected, javaDoc.RuleParams.Command)
+	}
+
+	aidl := barDoc.Rule("aidl")
+	if g, w := android.PathsRelativeToTop(javaDoc.Implicits), android.PathRelativeToTop(aidl.Output); !inList(w, g) {
+		t.Errorf("implicits of bar-doc must contain %q, but was %q.", w, g)
+	}
+
+	if g, w := aidl.Implicits.Strings(), []string{"bar-doc/IBar.aidl", "bar-doc/IFoo.aidl"}; !reflect.DeepEqual(w, g) {
+		t.Errorf("aidl inputs must be %q, but was %q", w, g)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDroiddocArgsAndFlagsCausesError(t *testing.T) {
+	testJavaError(t, "flags is set. Cannot set args", `
+		droiddoc_exported_dir {
+		    name: "droiddoc-templates-sdk",
+		    path: ".",
+		}
+		filegroup {
+		    name: "bar-doc-aidl-srcs",
+		    srcs: ["bar-doc/IBar.aidl"],
+		    path: "bar-doc",
+		}
+		droidstubs {
+		    name: "bar-stubs",
+		    srcs: [
+		        "bar-doc/a.java",
+		    ],
+		    exclude_srcs: [
+		        "bar-doc/b.java"
+		    ],
+		    api_levels_annotations_dirs: [
+		      "droiddoc-templates-sdk",
+		    ],
+		    api_levels_annotations_enabled: true,
+		}
+		droiddoc {
+		    name: "bar-doc",
+		    srcs: [
+		        ":bar-stubs",
+		        "bar-doc/IFoo.aidl",
+		        ":bar-doc-aidl-srcs",
+		    ],
+		    custom_template: "droiddoc-templates-sdk",
+		    hdf: [
+		        "android.whichdoc offline",
+		    ],
+		    knowntags: [
+		        "bar-doc/known_oj_tags.txt",
+		    ],
+		    proofread_file: "libcore-proofread.txt",
+		    todo_file: "libcore-docs-todo.html",
+		    flags: ["-offlinemode -title \"libcore\""],
+		    args: "-offlinemode -title \"libcore\"",
+		}
+		`)
+}
diff --git a/java/droidstubs.go b/java/droidstubs.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e453e62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/droidstubs.go
@@ -0,0 +1,900 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package java
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/google/blueprint/proptools"
+
+	"android/soong/android"
+	"android/soong/java/config"
+	"android/soong/remoteexec"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	RegisterStubsBuildComponents(android.InitRegistrationContext)
+}
+
+func RegisterStubsBuildComponents(ctx android.RegistrationContext) {
+	ctx.RegisterModuleType("stubs_defaults", StubsDefaultsFactory)
+
+	ctx.RegisterModuleType("droidstubs", DroidstubsFactory)
+	ctx.RegisterModuleType("droidstubs_host", DroidstubsHostFactory)
+
+	ctx.RegisterModuleType("prebuilt_stubs_sources", PrebuiltStubsSourcesFactory)
+}
+
+//
+// Droidstubs
+//
+type Droidstubs struct {
+	Javadoc
+	android.SdkBase
+
+	properties              DroidstubsProperties
+	apiFile                 android.WritablePath
+	apiXmlFile              android.WritablePath
+	lastReleasedApiXmlFile  android.WritablePath
+	privateApiFile          android.WritablePath
+	removedApiFile          android.WritablePath
+	removedDexApiFile       android.WritablePath
+	nullabilityWarningsFile android.WritablePath
+
+	checkCurrentApiTimestamp      android.WritablePath
+	updateCurrentApiTimestamp     android.WritablePath
+	checkLastReleasedApiTimestamp android.WritablePath
+	apiLintTimestamp              android.WritablePath
+	apiLintReport                 android.WritablePath
+
+	checkNullabilityWarningsTimestamp android.WritablePath
+
+	annotationsZip android.WritablePath
+	apiVersionsXml android.WritablePath
+
+	apiFilePath        android.Path
+	removedApiFilePath android.Path
+
+	metadataZip android.WritablePath
+	metadataDir android.WritablePath
+}
+
+type DroidstubsProperties struct {
+	// The generated public API filename by Metalava, defaults to <module>_api.txt
+	Api_filename *string
+
+	// the generated removed API filename by Metalava, defaults to <module>_removed.txt
+	Removed_api_filename *string
+
+	// the generated removed Dex API filename by Metalava.
+	Removed_dex_api_filename *string
+
+	Check_api struct {
+		Last_released ApiToCheck
+
+		Current ApiToCheck
+
+		Api_lint struct {
+			Enabled *bool
+
+			// If set, performs api_lint on any new APIs not found in the given signature file
+			New_since *string `android:"path"`
+
+			// If not blank, path to the baseline txt file for approved API lint violations.
+			Baseline_file *string `android:"path"`
+		}
+	}
+
+	// user can specify the version of previous released API file in order to do compatibility check.
+	Previous_api *string `android:"path"`
+
+	// is set to true, Metalava will allow framework SDK to contain annotations.
+	Annotations_enabled *bool
+
+	// a list of top-level directories containing files to merge qualifier annotations (i.e. those intended to be included in the stubs written) from.
+	Merge_annotations_dirs []string
+
+	// a list of top-level directories containing Java stub files to merge show/hide annotations from.
+	Merge_inclusion_annotations_dirs []string
+
+	// a file containing a list of classes to do nullability validation for.
+	Validate_nullability_from_list *string
+
+	// a file containing expected warnings produced by validation of nullability annotations.
+	Check_nullability_warnings *string
+
+	// if set to true, allow Metalava to generate doc_stubs source files. Defaults to false.
+	Create_doc_stubs *bool
+
+	// if set to true, cause Metalava to output Javadoc comments in the stubs source files. Defaults to false.
+	// Has no effect if create_doc_stubs: true.
+	Output_javadoc_comments *bool
+
+	// if set to false then do not write out stubs. Defaults to true.
+	//
+	// TODO(b/146727827): Remove capability when we do not need to generate stubs and API separately.
+	Generate_stubs *bool
+
+	// if set to true, provides a hint to the build system that this rule uses a lot of memory,
+	// whicih can be used for scheduling purposes
+	High_mem *bool
+
+	// is set to true, Metalava will allow framework SDK to contain API levels annotations.
+	Api_levels_annotations_enabled *bool
+
+	// the dirs which Metalava extracts API levels annotations from.
+	Api_levels_annotations_dirs []string
+
+	// the filename which Metalava extracts API levels annotations from. Defaults to android.jar.
+	Api_levels_jar_filename *string
+
+	// if set to true, collect the values used by the Dev tools and
+	// write them in files packaged with the SDK. Defaults to false.
+	Write_sdk_values *bool
+}
+
+// droidstubs passes sources files through Metalava to generate stub .java files that only contain the API to be
+// documented, filtering out hidden classes and methods.  The resulting .java files are intended to be passed to
+// a droiddoc module to generate documentation.
+func DroidstubsFactory() android.Module {
+	module := &Droidstubs{}
+
+	module.AddProperties(&module.properties,
+		&module.Javadoc.properties)
+
+	InitDroiddocModule(module, android.HostAndDeviceSupported)
+	android.InitSdkAwareModule(module)
+	return module
+}
+
+// droidstubs_host passes sources files through Metalava to generate stub .java files that only contain the API
+// to be documented, filtering out hidden classes and methods.  The resulting .java files are intended to be
+// passed to a droiddoc_host module to generate documentation.  Use a droidstubs_host instead of a droidstubs
+// module when symbols needed by the source files are provided by java_library_host modules.
+func DroidstubsHostFactory() android.Module {
+	module := &Droidstubs{}
+
+	module.AddProperties(&module.properties,
+		&module.Javadoc.properties)
+
+	InitDroiddocModule(module, android.HostSupported)
+	return module
+}
+
+func (d *Droidstubs) OutputFiles(tag string) (android.Paths, error) {
+	switch tag {
+	case "":
+		return android.Paths{d.stubsSrcJar}, nil
+	case ".docs.zip":
+		return android.Paths{d.docZip}, nil
+	case ".api.txt", android.DefaultDistTag:
+		// This is the default dist path for dist properties that have no tag property.
+		return android.Paths{d.apiFilePath}, nil
+	case ".removed-api.txt":
+		return android.Paths{d.removedApiFilePath}, nil
+	case ".annotations.zip":
+		return android.Paths{d.annotationsZip}, nil
+	case ".api_versions.xml":
+		return android.Paths{d.apiVersionsXml}, nil
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported module reference tag %q", tag)
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *Droidstubs) ApiFilePath() android.Path {
+	return d.apiFilePath
+}
+
+func (d *Droidstubs) RemovedApiFilePath() android.Path {
+	return d.removedApiFilePath
+}
+
+func (d *Droidstubs) StubsSrcJar() android.Path {
+	return d.stubsSrcJar
+}
+
+var metalavaMergeAnnotationsDirTag = dependencyTag{name: "metalava-merge-annotations-dir"}
+var metalavaMergeInclusionAnnotationsDirTag = dependencyTag{name: "metalava-merge-inclusion-annotations-dir"}
+var metalavaAPILevelsAnnotationsDirTag = dependencyTag{name: "metalava-api-levels-annotations-dir"}
+
+func (d *Droidstubs) DepsMutator(ctx android.BottomUpMutatorContext) {
+	d.Javadoc.addDeps(ctx)
+
+	if len(d.properties.Merge_annotations_dirs) != 0 {
+		for _, mergeAnnotationsDir := range d.properties.Merge_annotations_dirs {
+			ctx.AddDependency(ctx.Module(), metalavaMergeAnnotationsDirTag, mergeAnnotationsDir)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(d.properties.Merge_inclusion_annotations_dirs) != 0 {
+		for _, mergeInclusionAnnotationsDir := range d.properties.Merge_inclusion_annotations_dirs {
+			ctx.AddDependency(ctx.Module(), metalavaMergeInclusionAnnotationsDirTag, mergeInclusionAnnotationsDir)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(d.properties.Api_levels_annotations_dirs) != 0 {
+		for _, apiLevelsAnnotationsDir := range d.properties.Api_levels_annotations_dirs {
+			ctx.AddDependency(ctx.Module(), metalavaAPILevelsAnnotationsDirTag, apiLevelsAnnotationsDir)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *Droidstubs) stubsFlags(ctx android.ModuleContext, cmd *android.RuleBuilderCommand, stubsDir android.OptionalPath) {
+	if apiCheckEnabled(ctx, d.properties.Check_api.Current, "current") ||
+		apiCheckEnabled(ctx, d.properties.Check_api.Last_released, "last_released") ||
+		String(d.properties.Api_filename) != "" {
+		filename := proptools.StringDefault(d.properties.Api_filename, ctx.ModuleName()+"_api.txt")
+		d.apiFile = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava", filename)
+		cmd.FlagWithOutput("--api ", d.apiFile)
+		d.apiFilePath = d.apiFile
+	} else if sourceApiFile := proptools.String(d.properties.Check_api.Current.Api_file); sourceApiFile != "" {
+		// If check api is disabled then make the source file available for export.
+		d.apiFilePath = android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, sourceApiFile)
+	}
+
+	if apiCheckEnabled(ctx, d.properties.Check_api.Current, "current") ||
+		apiCheckEnabled(ctx, d.properties.Check_api.Last_released, "last_released") ||
+		String(d.properties.Removed_api_filename) != "" {
+		filename := proptools.StringDefault(d.properties.Removed_api_filename, ctx.ModuleName()+"_removed.txt")
+		d.removedApiFile = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava", filename)
+		cmd.FlagWithOutput("--removed-api ", d.removedApiFile)
+		d.removedApiFilePath = d.removedApiFile
+	} else if sourceRemovedApiFile := proptools.String(d.properties.Check_api.Current.Removed_api_file); sourceRemovedApiFile != "" {
+		// If check api is disabled then make the source removed api file available for export.
+		d.removedApiFilePath = android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, sourceRemovedApiFile)
+	}
+
+	if String(d.properties.Removed_dex_api_filename) != "" {
+		d.removedDexApiFile = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava", String(d.properties.Removed_dex_api_filename))
+		cmd.FlagWithOutput("--removed-dex-api ", d.removedDexApiFile)
+	}
+
+	if Bool(d.properties.Write_sdk_values) {
+		d.metadataDir = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava", "metadata")
+		cmd.FlagWithArg("--sdk-values ", d.metadataDir.String())
+	}
+
+	if stubsDir.Valid() {
+		if Bool(d.properties.Create_doc_stubs) {
+			cmd.FlagWithArg("--doc-stubs ", stubsDir.String())
+		} else {
+			cmd.FlagWithArg("--stubs ", stubsDir.String())
+			if !Bool(d.properties.Output_javadoc_comments) {
+				cmd.Flag("--exclude-documentation-from-stubs")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *Droidstubs) annotationsFlags(ctx android.ModuleContext, cmd *android.RuleBuilderCommand) {
+	if Bool(d.properties.Annotations_enabled) {
+		cmd.Flag("--include-annotations")
+
+		validatingNullability :=
+			android.InList("--validate-nullability-from-merged-stubs", d.Javadoc.args) ||
+				String(d.properties.Validate_nullability_from_list) != ""
+
+		migratingNullability := String(d.properties.Previous_api) != ""
+		if migratingNullability {
+			previousApi := android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, String(d.properties.Previous_api))
+			cmd.FlagWithInput("--migrate-nullness ", previousApi)
+		}
+
+		if s := String(d.properties.Validate_nullability_from_list); s != "" {
+			cmd.FlagWithInput("--validate-nullability-from-list ", android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, s))
+		}
+
+		if validatingNullability {
+			d.nullabilityWarningsFile = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava", ctx.ModuleName()+"_nullability_warnings.txt")
+			cmd.FlagWithOutput("--nullability-warnings-txt ", d.nullabilityWarningsFile)
+		}
+
+		d.annotationsZip = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava", ctx.ModuleName()+"_annotations.zip")
+		cmd.FlagWithOutput("--extract-annotations ", d.annotationsZip)
+
+		if len(d.properties.Merge_annotations_dirs) != 0 {
+			d.mergeAnnoDirFlags(ctx, cmd)
+		}
+
+		// TODO(tnorbye): find owners to fix these warnings when annotation was enabled.
+		cmd.FlagWithArg("--hide ", "HiddenTypedefConstant").
+			FlagWithArg("--hide ", "SuperfluousPrefix").
+			FlagWithArg("--hide ", "AnnotationExtraction")
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *Droidstubs) mergeAnnoDirFlags(ctx android.ModuleContext, cmd *android.RuleBuilderCommand) {
+	ctx.VisitDirectDepsWithTag(metalavaMergeAnnotationsDirTag, func(m android.Module) {
+		if t, ok := m.(*ExportedDroiddocDir); ok {
+			cmd.FlagWithArg("--merge-qualifier-annotations ", t.dir.String()).Implicits(t.deps)
+		} else {
+			ctx.PropertyErrorf("merge_annotations_dirs",
+				"module %q is not a metalava merge-annotations dir", ctx.OtherModuleName(m))
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func (d *Droidstubs) inclusionAnnotationsFlags(ctx android.ModuleContext, cmd *android.RuleBuilderCommand) {
+	ctx.VisitDirectDepsWithTag(metalavaMergeInclusionAnnotationsDirTag, func(m android.Module) {
+		if t, ok := m.(*ExportedDroiddocDir); ok {
+			cmd.FlagWithArg("--merge-inclusion-annotations ", t.dir.String()).Implicits(t.deps)
+		} else {
+			ctx.PropertyErrorf("merge_inclusion_annotations_dirs",
+				"module %q is not a metalava merge-annotations dir", ctx.OtherModuleName(m))
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func (d *Droidstubs) apiLevelsAnnotationsFlags(ctx android.ModuleContext, cmd *android.RuleBuilderCommand) {
+	if !Bool(d.properties.Api_levels_annotations_enabled) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	d.apiVersionsXml = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava", "api-versions.xml")
+
+	if len(d.properties.Api_levels_annotations_dirs) == 0 {
+		ctx.PropertyErrorf("api_levels_annotations_dirs",
+			"has to be non-empty if api levels annotations was enabled!")
+	}
+
+	cmd.FlagWithOutput("--generate-api-levels ", d.apiVersionsXml)
+	cmd.FlagWithInput("--apply-api-levels ", d.apiVersionsXml)
+	cmd.FlagWithArg("--current-version ", ctx.Config().PlatformSdkVersion().String())
+	cmd.FlagWithArg("--current-codename ", ctx.Config().PlatformSdkCodename())
+
+	filename := proptools.StringDefault(d.properties.Api_levels_jar_filename, "android.jar")
+
+	ctx.VisitDirectDepsWithTag(metalavaAPILevelsAnnotationsDirTag, func(m android.Module) {
+		if t, ok := m.(*ExportedDroiddocDir); ok {
+			for _, dep := range t.deps {
+				if strings.HasSuffix(dep.String(), filename) {
+					cmd.Implicit(dep)
+				}
+			}
+			cmd.FlagWithArg("--android-jar-pattern ", t.dir.String()+"/%/public/"+filename)
+		} else {
+			ctx.PropertyErrorf("api_levels_annotations_dirs",
+				"module %q is not a metalava api-levels-annotations dir", ctx.OtherModuleName(m))
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func metalavaCmd(ctx android.ModuleContext, rule *android.RuleBuilder, javaVersion javaVersion, srcs android.Paths,
+	srcJarList android.Path, bootclasspath, classpath classpath, sourcepaths android.Paths,
+	implicitsRsp, homeDir android.WritablePath, sandbox bool) *android.RuleBuilderCommand {
+	rule.Command().Text("rm -rf").Flag(homeDir.String())
+	rule.Command().Text("mkdir -p").Flag(homeDir.String())
+
+	cmd := rule.Command()
+	cmd.FlagWithArg("ANDROID_PREFS_ROOT=", homeDir.String())
+
+	if ctx.Config().UseRBE() && ctx.Config().IsEnvTrue("RBE_METALAVA") {
+		rule.Remoteable(android.RemoteRuleSupports{RBE: true})
+		if sandbox {
+			execStrategy := ctx.Config().GetenvWithDefault("RBE_METALAVA_EXEC_STRATEGY", remoteexec.LocalExecStrategy)
+			labels := map[string]string{"type": "tool", "name": "metalava"}
+			// TODO: metalava pool rejects these jobs
+			pool := ctx.Config().GetenvWithDefault("RBE_METALAVA_POOL", "java16")
+			rule.Rewrapper(&remoteexec.REParams{
+				Labels:          labels,
+				ExecStrategy:    execStrategy,
+				ToolchainInputs: []string{config.JavaCmd(ctx).String()},
+				Platform:        map[string]string{remoteexec.PoolKey: pool},
+			})
+		} else {
+			execStrategy := remoteexec.LocalExecStrategy
+			labels := map[string]string{"type": "compile", "lang": "java", "compiler": "metalava", "shallow": "true"}
+			pool := ctx.Config().GetenvWithDefault("RBE_METALAVA_POOL", "metalava")
+
+			inputs := []string{
+				ctx.Config().HostJavaToolPath(ctx, "metalava").String(),
+				homeDir.String(),
+			}
+			if v := ctx.Config().Getenv("RBE_METALAVA_INPUTS"); v != "" {
+				inputs = append(inputs, strings.Split(v, ",")...)
+			}
+			cmd.Text((&remoteexec.REParams{
+				Labels:               labels,
+				ExecStrategy:         execStrategy,
+				Inputs:               inputs,
+				RSPFiles:             []string{implicitsRsp.String()},
+				ToolchainInputs:      []string{config.JavaCmd(ctx).String()},
+				Platform:             map[string]string{remoteexec.PoolKey: pool},
+				EnvironmentVariables: []string{"ANDROID_PREFS_ROOT"},
+			}).NoVarTemplate(ctx.Config().RBEWrapper()))
+		}
+	}
+
+	cmd.BuiltTool("metalava").ImplicitTool(ctx.Config().HostJavaToolPath(ctx, "metalava.jar")).
+		Flag(config.JavacVmFlags).
+		Flag("-J--add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED").
+		FlagWithArg("-encoding ", "UTF-8").
+		FlagWithArg("-source ", javaVersion.String()).
+		FlagWithRspFileInputList("@", android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava.rsp"), srcs).
+		FlagWithInput("@", srcJarList)
+
+	if !sandbox {
+		if javaHome := ctx.Config().Getenv("ANDROID_JAVA_HOME"); javaHome != "" {
+			cmd.Implicit(android.PathForSource(ctx, javaHome))
+		}
+
+		cmd.FlagWithOutput("--strict-input-files:warn ", android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, ctx.ModuleName()+"-"+"violations.txt"))
+
+		if implicitsRsp != nil {
+			cmd.FlagWithArg("--strict-input-files-exempt ", "@"+implicitsRsp.String())
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(bootclasspath) > 0 {
+		cmd.FlagWithInputList("-bootclasspath ", bootclasspath.Paths(), ":")
+	}
+
+	if len(classpath) > 0 {
+		cmd.FlagWithInputList("-classpath ", classpath.Paths(), ":")
+	}
+
+	if len(sourcepaths) > 0 {
+		cmd.FlagWithList("-sourcepath ", sourcepaths.Strings(), ":")
+	} else {
+		cmd.FlagWithArg("-sourcepath ", `""`)
+	}
+
+	cmd.Flag("--no-banner").
+		Flag("--color").
+		Flag("--quiet").
+		Flag("--format=v2").
+		FlagWithArg("--repeat-errors-max ", "10").
+		FlagWithArg("--hide ", "UnresolvedImport")
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func (d *Droidstubs) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext) {
+	deps := d.Javadoc.collectDeps(ctx)
+
+	javaVersion := getJavaVersion(ctx, String(d.Javadoc.properties.Java_version), sdkContext(d))
+
+	// Create rule for metalava
+
+	srcJarDir := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava", "srcjars")
+
+	rule := android.NewRuleBuilder(pctx, ctx)
+
+	sandbox := proptools.Bool(d.Javadoc.properties.Sandbox)
+	if sandbox {
+		rule.Sbox(android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava"),
+			android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava.sbox.textproto")).
+			SandboxInputs()
+	}
+
+	if BoolDefault(d.properties.High_mem, false) {
+		// This metalava run uses lots of memory, restrict the number of metalava jobs that can run in parallel.
+		rule.HighMem()
+	}
+
+	generateStubs := BoolDefault(d.properties.Generate_stubs, true)
+	var stubsDir android.OptionalPath
+	if generateStubs {
+		d.Javadoc.stubsSrcJar = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava", ctx.ModuleName()+"-"+"stubs.srcjar")
+		stubsDir = android.OptionalPathForPath(android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava", "stubsDir"))
+		rule.Command().Text("rm -rf").Text(stubsDir.String())
+		rule.Command().Text("mkdir -p").Text(stubsDir.String())
+	}
+
+	srcJarList := zipSyncCmd(ctx, rule, srcJarDir, d.Javadoc.srcJars)
+
+	implicitsRsp := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, ctx.ModuleName()+"-"+"implicits.rsp")
+	homeDir := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava", "home")
+	cmd := metalavaCmd(ctx, rule, javaVersion, d.Javadoc.srcFiles, srcJarList,
+		deps.bootClasspath, deps.classpath, d.Javadoc.sourcepaths, implicitsRsp, homeDir,
+		sandbox)
+	cmd.Implicits(d.Javadoc.implicits)
+
+	d.stubsFlags(ctx, cmd, stubsDir)
+
+	d.annotationsFlags(ctx, cmd)
+	d.inclusionAnnotationsFlags(ctx, cmd)
+	d.apiLevelsAnnotationsFlags(ctx, cmd)
+
+	if android.InList("--generate-documentation", d.Javadoc.args) {
+		// Currently Metalava have the ability to invoke Javadoc in a separate process.
+		// Pass "-nodocs" to suppress the Javadoc invocation when Metalava receives
+		// "--generate-documentation" arg. This is not needed when Metalava removes this feature.
+		d.Javadoc.args = append(d.Javadoc.args, "-nodocs")
+	}
+
+	cmd.Flag(strings.Join(d.Javadoc.args, " ")).Implicits(d.Javadoc.argFiles)
+	for _, o := range d.Javadoc.properties.Out {
+		cmd.ImplicitOutput(android.PathForModuleGen(ctx, o))
+	}
+
+	// Add options for the other optional tasks: API-lint and check-released.
+	// We generate separate timestamp files for them.
+
+	doApiLint := false
+	doCheckReleased := false
+
+	// Add API lint options.
+
+	if BoolDefault(d.properties.Check_api.Api_lint.Enabled, false) {
+		doApiLint = true
+
+		newSince := android.OptionalPathForModuleSrc(ctx, d.properties.Check_api.Api_lint.New_since)
+		if newSince.Valid() {
+			cmd.FlagWithInput("--api-lint ", newSince.Path())
+		} else {
+			cmd.Flag("--api-lint")
+		}
+		d.apiLintReport = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava", "api_lint_report.txt")
+		cmd.FlagWithOutput("--report-even-if-suppressed ", d.apiLintReport) // TODO:  Change to ":api-lint"
+
+		// TODO(b/154317059): Clean up this allowlist by baselining and/or checking in last-released.
+		if d.Name() != "android.car-system-stubs-docs" &&
+			d.Name() != "android.car-stubs-docs" {
+			cmd.Flag("--lints-as-errors")
+			cmd.Flag("--warnings-as-errors") // Most lints are actually warnings.
+		}
+
+		baselineFile := android.OptionalPathForModuleSrc(ctx, d.properties.Check_api.Api_lint.Baseline_file)
+		updatedBaselineOutput := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava", "api_lint_baseline.txt")
+		d.apiLintTimestamp = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava", "api_lint.timestamp")
+
+		// Note this string includes a special shell quote $' ... ', which decodes the "\n"s.
+		// However, because $' ... ' doesn't expand environmental variables, we can't just embed
+		// $PWD, so we have to terminate $'...', use "$PWD", then start $' ... ' again,
+		// which is why we have '"$PWD"$' in it.
+		//
+		// TODO: metalava also has a slightly different message hardcoded. Should we unify this
+		// message and metalava's one?
+		msg := `$'` + // Enclose with $' ... '
+			`************************************************************\n` +
+			`Your API changes are triggering API Lint warnings or errors.\n` +
+			`To make these errors go away, fix the code according to the\n` +
+			`error and/or warning messages above.\n` +
+			`\n` +
+			`If it is not possible to do so, there are workarounds:\n` +
+			`\n` +
+			`1. You can suppress the errors with @SuppressLint("<id>")\n`
+
+		if baselineFile.Valid() {
+			cmd.FlagWithInput("--baseline:api-lint ", baselineFile.Path())
+			cmd.FlagWithOutput("--update-baseline:api-lint ", updatedBaselineOutput)
+
+			msg += fmt.Sprintf(``+
+				`2. You can update the baseline by executing the following\n`+
+				`   command:\n`+
+				`       cp \\\n`+
+				`       "'"$PWD"$'/%s" \\\n`+
+				`       "'"$PWD"$'/%s"\n`+
+				`   To submit the revised baseline.txt to the main Android\n`+
+				`   repository, you will need approval.\n`, updatedBaselineOutput, baselineFile.Path())
+		} else {
+			msg += fmt.Sprintf(``+
+				`2. You can add a baseline file of existing lint failures\n`+
+				`   to the build rule of %s.\n`, d.Name())
+		}
+		// Note the message ends with a ' (single quote), to close the $' ... ' .
+		msg += `************************************************************\n'`
+
+		cmd.FlagWithArg("--error-message:api-lint ", msg)
+	}
+
+	// Add "check released" options. (Detect incompatible API changes from the last public release)
+
+	if apiCheckEnabled(ctx, d.properties.Check_api.Last_released, "last_released") {
+		doCheckReleased = true
+
+		if len(d.Javadoc.properties.Out) > 0 {
+			ctx.PropertyErrorf("out", "out property may not be combined with check_api")
+		}
+
+		apiFile := android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, String(d.properties.Check_api.Last_released.Api_file))
+		removedApiFile := android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, String(d.properties.Check_api.Last_released.Removed_api_file))
+		baselineFile := android.OptionalPathForModuleSrc(ctx, d.properties.Check_api.Last_released.Baseline_file)
+		updatedBaselineOutput := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava", "last_released_baseline.txt")
+
+		d.checkLastReleasedApiTimestamp = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava", "check_last_released_api.timestamp")
+
+		cmd.FlagWithInput("--check-compatibility:api:released ", apiFile)
+		cmd.FlagWithInput("--check-compatibility:removed:released ", removedApiFile)
+
+		if baselineFile.Valid() {
+			cmd.FlagWithInput("--baseline:compatibility:released ", baselineFile.Path())
+			cmd.FlagWithOutput("--update-baseline:compatibility:released ", updatedBaselineOutput)
+		}
+
+		// Note this string includes quote ($' ... '), which decodes the "\n"s.
+		msg := `$'\n******************************\n` +
+			`You have tried to change the API from what has been previously released in\n` +
+			`an SDK.  Please fix the errors listed above.\n` +
+			`******************************\n'`
+
+		cmd.FlagWithArg("--error-message:compatibility:released ", msg)
+	}
+
+	if !sandbox {
+		// When sandboxing is enabled RuleBuilder tracks all the inputs needed for remote execution.
+		// Without it we have to do it manually.
+		impRule := android.NewRuleBuilder(pctx, ctx)
+		impCmd := impRule.Command()
+		// An action that copies the ninja generated rsp file to a new location. This allows us to
+		// add a large number of inputs to a file without exceeding bash command length limits (which
+		// would happen if we use the WriteFile rule). The cp is needed because RuleBuilder sets the
+		// rsp file to be ${output}.rsp.
+		impCmd.Text("cp").
+			FlagWithRspFileInputList("", android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava-implicits.rsp"), cmd.GetImplicits()).
+			Output(implicitsRsp)
+		impRule.Build("implicitsGen", "implicits generation")
+		cmd.Implicit(implicitsRsp)
+	}
+
+	if generateStubs {
+		rule.Command().
+			BuiltTool("soong_zip").
+			Flag("-write_if_changed").
+			Flag("-jar").
+			FlagWithOutput("-o ", d.Javadoc.stubsSrcJar).
+			FlagWithArg("-C ", stubsDir.String()).
+			FlagWithArg("-D ", stubsDir.String())
+	}
+
+	if Bool(d.properties.Write_sdk_values) {
+		d.metadataZip = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava", ctx.ModuleName()+"-metadata.zip")
+		rule.Command().
+			BuiltTool("soong_zip").
+			Flag("-write_if_changed").
+			Flag("-d").
+			FlagWithOutput("-o ", d.metadataZip).
+			FlagWithArg("-C ", d.metadataDir.String()).
+			FlagWithArg("-D ", d.metadataDir.String())
+	}
+
+	// TODO: We don't really need two separate API files, but this is a reminiscence of how
+	// we used to run metalava separately for API lint and the "last_released" check. Unify them.
+	if doApiLint {
+		rule.Command().Text("touch").Output(d.apiLintTimestamp)
+	}
+	if doCheckReleased {
+		rule.Command().Text("touch").Output(d.checkLastReleasedApiTimestamp)
+	}
+
+	// TODO(b/183630617): rewrapper doesn't support restat rules
+	if !sandbox {
+		rule.Restat()
+	}
+
+	zipSyncCleanupCmd(rule, srcJarDir)
+
+	rule.Build("metalava", "metalava merged")
+
+	if apiCheckEnabled(ctx, d.properties.Check_api.Current, "current") {
+
+		if len(d.Javadoc.properties.Out) > 0 {
+			ctx.PropertyErrorf("out", "out property may not be combined with check_api")
+		}
+
+		apiFile := android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, String(d.properties.Check_api.Current.Api_file))
+		removedApiFile := android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, String(d.properties.Check_api.Current.Removed_api_file))
+		baselineFile := android.OptionalPathForModuleSrc(ctx, d.properties.Check_api.Current.Baseline_file)
+
+		if baselineFile.Valid() {
+			ctx.PropertyErrorf("baseline_file", "current API check can't have a baseline file. (module %s)", ctx.ModuleName())
+		}
+
+		d.checkCurrentApiTimestamp = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava", "check_current_api.timestamp")
+
+		rule := android.NewRuleBuilder(pctx, ctx)
+
+		// Diff command line.
+		// -F matches the closest "opening" line, such as "package android {"
+		// and "  public class Intent {".
+		diff := `diff -u -F '{ *$'`
+
+		rule.Command().Text("( true")
+		rule.Command().
+			Text(diff).
+			Input(apiFile).Input(d.apiFile)
+
+		rule.Command().
+			Text(diff).
+			Input(removedApiFile).Input(d.removedApiFile)
+
+		msg := fmt.Sprintf(`\n******************************\n`+
+			`You have tried to change the API from what has been previously approved.\n\n`+
+			`To make these errors go away, you have two choices:\n`+
+			`   1. You can add '@hide' javadoc comments (and remove @SystemApi/@TestApi/etc)\n`+
+			`      to the new methods, etc. shown in the above diff.\n\n`+
+			`   2. You can update current.txt and/or removed.txt by executing the following command:\n`+
+			`         m %s-update-current-api\n\n`+
+			`      To submit the revised current.txt to the main Android repository,\n`+
+			`      you will need approval.\n`+
+			`******************************\n`, ctx.ModuleName())
+
+		rule.Command().
+			Text("touch").Output(d.checkCurrentApiTimestamp).
+			Text(") || (").
+			Text("echo").Flag("-e").Flag(`"` + msg + `"`).
+			Text("; exit 38").
+			Text(")")
+
+		rule.Build("metalavaCurrentApiCheck", "check current API")
+
+		d.updateCurrentApiTimestamp = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava", "update_current_api.timestamp")
+
+		// update API rule
+		rule = android.NewRuleBuilder(pctx, ctx)
+
+		rule.Command().Text("( true")
+
+		rule.Command().
+			Text("cp").Flag("-f").
+			Input(d.apiFile).Flag(apiFile.String())
+
+		rule.Command().
+			Text("cp").Flag("-f").
+			Input(d.removedApiFile).Flag(removedApiFile.String())
+
+		msg = "failed to update public API"
+
+		rule.Command().
+			Text("touch").Output(d.updateCurrentApiTimestamp).
+			Text(") || (").
+			Text("echo").Flag("-e").Flag(`"` + msg + `"`).
+			Text("; exit 38").
+			Text(")")
+
+		rule.Build("metalavaCurrentApiUpdate", "update current API")
+	}
+
+	if String(d.properties.Check_nullability_warnings) != "" {
+		if d.nullabilityWarningsFile == nil {
+			ctx.PropertyErrorf("check_nullability_warnings",
+				"Cannot specify check_nullability_warnings unless validating nullability")
+		}
+
+		checkNullabilityWarnings := android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, String(d.properties.Check_nullability_warnings))
+
+		d.checkNullabilityWarningsTimestamp = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava", "check_nullability_warnings.timestamp")
+
+		msg := fmt.Sprintf(`\n******************************\n`+
+			`The warnings encountered during nullability annotation validation did\n`+
+			`not match the checked in file of expected warnings. The diffs are shown\n`+
+			`above. You have two options:\n`+
+			`   1. Resolve the differences by editing the nullability annotations.\n`+
+			`   2. Update the file of expected warnings by running:\n`+
+			`         cp %s %s\n`+
+			`       and submitting the updated file as part of your change.`,
+			d.nullabilityWarningsFile, checkNullabilityWarnings)
+
+		rule := android.NewRuleBuilder(pctx, ctx)
+
+		rule.Command().
+			Text("(").
+			Text("diff").Input(checkNullabilityWarnings).Input(d.nullabilityWarningsFile).
+			Text("&&").
+			Text("touch").Output(d.checkNullabilityWarningsTimestamp).
+			Text(") || (").
+			Text("echo").Flag("-e").Flag(`"` + msg + `"`).
+			Text("; exit 38").
+			Text(")")
+
+		rule.Build("nullabilityWarningsCheck", "nullability warnings check")
+	}
+}
+
+func StubsDefaultsFactory() android.Module {
+	module := &DocDefaults{}
+
+	module.AddProperties(
+		&JavadocProperties{},
+		&DroidstubsProperties{},
+	)
+
+	android.InitDefaultsModule(module)
+
+	return module
+}
+
+var _ android.PrebuiltInterface = (*PrebuiltStubsSources)(nil)
+
+type PrebuiltStubsSourcesProperties struct {
+	Srcs []string `android:"path"`
+}
+
+type PrebuiltStubsSources struct {
+	android.ModuleBase
+	android.DefaultableModuleBase
+	prebuilt android.Prebuilt
+	android.SdkBase
+
+	properties PrebuiltStubsSourcesProperties
+
+	stubsSrcJar android.ModuleOutPath
+}
+
+func (p *PrebuiltStubsSources) OutputFiles(tag string) (android.Paths, error) {
+	switch tag {
+	case "":
+		return android.Paths{p.stubsSrcJar}, nil
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported module reference tag %q", tag)
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *PrebuiltStubsSources) StubsSrcJar() android.Path {
+	return d.stubsSrcJar
+}
+
+func (p *PrebuiltStubsSources) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext) {
+	p.stubsSrcJar = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, ctx.ModuleName()+"-"+"stubs.srcjar")
+
+	if len(p.properties.Srcs) != 1 {
+		ctx.PropertyErrorf("srcs", "must only specify one directory path, contains %d paths", len(p.properties.Srcs))
+		return
+	}
+
+	localSrcDir := p.properties.Srcs[0]
+	// Although PathForModuleSrc can return nil if either the path doesn't exist or
+	// the path components are invalid it won't in this case because no components
+	// are specified and the module directory must exist in order to get this far.
+	srcDir := android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx).(android.SourcePath).Join(ctx, localSrcDir)
+
+	// Glob the contents of the directory just in case the directory does not exist.
+	srcGlob := localSrcDir + "/**/*"
+	srcPaths := android.PathsForModuleSrc(ctx, []string{srcGlob})
+
+	rule := android.NewRuleBuilder(pctx, ctx)
+	rule.Command().
+		BuiltTool("soong_zip").
+		Flag("-write_if_changed").
+		Flag("-jar").
+		FlagWithOutput("-o ", p.stubsSrcJar).
+		FlagWithArg("-C ", srcDir.String()).
+		FlagWithRspFileInputList("-r ", p.stubsSrcJar.ReplaceExtension(ctx, "rsp"), srcPaths)
+
+	rule.Restat()
+
+	rule.Build("zip src", "Create srcjar from prebuilt source")
+}
+
+func (p *PrebuiltStubsSources) Prebuilt() *android.Prebuilt {
+	return &p.prebuilt
+}
+
+func (p *PrebuiltStubsSources) Name() string {
+	return p.prebuilt.Name(p.ModuleBase.Name())
+}
+
+// prebuilt_stubs_sources imports a set of java source files as if they were
+// generated by droidstubs.
+//
+// By default, a prebuilt_stubs_sources has a single variant that expects a
+// set of `.java` files generated by droidstubs.
+//
+// Specifying `host_supported: true` will produce two variants, one for use as a dependency of device modules and one
+// for host modules.
+//
+// Intended only for use by sdk snapshots.
+func PrebuiltStubsSourcesFactory() android.Module {
+	module := &PrebuiltStubsSources{}
+
+	module.AddProperties(&module.properties)
+
+	android.InitPrebuiltModule(module, &module.properties.Srcs)
+	android.InitSdkAwareModule(module)
+	InitDroiddocModule(module, android.HostAndDeviceSupported)
+	return module
+}
diff --git a/java/droidstubs_test.go b/java/droidstubs_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6db979
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/droidstubs_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package java
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"android/soong/android"
+)
+
+func TestDroidstubs(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, _ := testJavaWithFS(t, `
+		droiddoc_exported_dir {
+			name: "droiddoc-templates-sdk",
+			path: ".",
+		}
+
+		droidstubs {
+			name: "bar-stubs",
+			srcs: ["bar-doc/a.java"],
+			api_levels_annotations_dirs: ["droiddoc-templates-sdk"],
+			api_levels_annotations_enabled: true,
+		}
+
+		droidstubs {
+			name: "bar-stubs-other",
+			srcs: ["bar-doc/a.java"],
+			high_mem: true,
+			api_levels_annotations_dirs: ["droiddoc-templates-sdk"],
+			api_levels_annotations_enabled: true,
+			api_levels_jar_filename: "android.other.jar",
+		}
+		`,
+		map[string][]byte{
+			"bar-doc/a.java": nil,
+		})
+	testcases := []struct {
+		moduleName          string
+		expectedJarFilename string
+		high_mem            bool
+	}{
+		{
+			moduleName:          "bar-stubs",
+			expectedJarFilename: "android.jar",
+			high_mem:            false,
+		},
+		{
+			moduleName:          "bar-stubs-other",
+			expectedJarFilename: "android.other.jar",
+			high_mem:            true,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, c := range testcases {
+		m := ctx.ModuleForTests(c.moduleName, "android_common")
+		metalava := m.Rule("metalava")
+		rp := metalava.RuleParams
+		expected := "--android-jar-pattern ./%/public/" + c.expectedJarFilename
+		if actual := rp.Command; !strings.Contains(actual, expected) {
+			t.Errorf("For %q, expected metalava argument %q, but was not found %q", c.moduleName, expected, actual)
+		}
+
+		if actual := rp.Pool != nil && strings.Contains(rp.Pool.String(), "highmem"); actual != c.high_mem {
+			t.Errorf("Expected %q high_mem to be %v, was %v", c.moduleName, c.high_mem, actual)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDroidstubsSandbox(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, _ := testJavaWithFS(t, `
+		droidstubs {
+			name: "bar-stubs",
+			srcs: ["bar-doc/a.java"],
+			sandbox: true,
+		}
+		`,
+		map[string][]byte{
+			"bar-doc/a.java": nil,
+		})
+
+	m := ctx.ModuleForTests("bar-stubs", "android_common")
+	metalava := m.Rule("metalava")
+	if g, w := metalava.Inputs.Strings(), []string{"bar-doc/a.java"}; !reflect.DeepEqual(w, g) {
+		t.Errorf("Expected inputs %q, got %q", w, g)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDroidstubsWithSystemModules(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, _ := testJava(t, `
+		droidstubs {
+		    name: "stubs-source-system-modules",
+		    srcs: [
+		        "bar-doc/a.java",
+		    ],
+				sdk_version: "none",
+				system_modules: "source-system-modules",
+		}
+
+		java_library {
+				name: "source-jar",
+		    srcs: [
+		        "a.java",
+		    ],
+		}
+
+		java_system_modules {
+				name: "source-system-modules",
+				libs: ["source-jar"],
+		}
+
+		droidstubs {
+		    name: "stubs-prebuilt-system-modules",
+		    srcs: [
+		        "bar-doc/a.java",
+		    ],
+				sdk_version: "none",
+				system_modules: "prebuilt-system-modules",
+		}
+
+		java_import {
+				name: "prebuilt-jar",
+				jars: ["a.jar"],
+		}
+
+		java_system_modules_import {
+				name: "prebuilt-system-modules",
+				libs: ["prebuilt-jar"],
+		}
+		`)
+
+	checkSystemModulesUseByDroidstubs(t, ctx, "stubs-source-system-modules", "source-jar.jar")
+
+	checkSystemModulesUseByDroidstubs(t, ctx, "stubs-prebuilt-system-modules", "prebuilt-jar.jar")
+}
+
+func checkSystemModulesUseByDroidstubs(t *testing.T, ctx *android.TestContext, moduleName string, systemJar string) {
+	metalavaRule := ctx.ModuleForTests(moduleName, "android_common").Rule("metalava")
+	var systemJars []string
+	for _, i := range metalavaRule.Implicits {
+		systemJars = append(systemJars, i.Base())
+	}
+	if len(systemJars) < 1 || systemJars[0] != systemJar {
+		t.Errorf("inputs of %q must be []string{%q}, but was %#v.", moduleName, systemJar, systemJars)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/java/java_test.go b/java/java_test.go
index 13b3e2a..2ade0fe 100644
--- a/java/java_test.go
+++ b/java/java_test.go
@@ -628,7 +628,7 @@
 	}
 
 	t.Run("empty/missing directory", func(t *testing.T) {
-		test(t, "empty-directory", []string{})
+		test(t, "empty-directory", nil)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("non-empty set of sources", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1370,246 +1370,6 @@
 	}
 }
 
-func TestDroiddoc(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx, _ := testJavaWithFS(t, `
-		droiddoc_exported_dir {
-		    name: "droiddoc-templates-sdk",
-		    path: ".",
-		}
-		filegroup {
-		    name: "bar-doc-aidl-srcs",
-		    srcs: ["bar-doc/IBar.aidl"],
-		    path: "bar-doc",
-		}
-		droidstubs {
-		    name: "bar-stubs",
-		    srcs: [
-		        "bar-doc/a.java",
-		    ],
-		    exclude_srcs: [
-		        "bar-doc/b.java"
-		    ],
-		    api_levels_annotations_dirs: [
-		      "droiddoc-templates-sdk",
-		    ],
-		    api_levels_annotations_enabled: true,
-		}
-		droiddoc {
-		    name: "bar-doc",
-		    srcs: [
-		        ":bar-stubs",
-		        "bar-doc/IFoo.aidl",
-		        ":bar-doc-aidl-srcs",
-		    ],
-		    custom_template: "droiddoc-templates-sdk",
-		    hdf: [
-		        "android.whichdoc offline",
-		    ],
-		    knowntags: [
-		        "bar-doc/known_oj_tags.txt",
-		    ],
-		    proofread_file: "libcore-proofread.txt",
-		    todo_file: "libcore-docs-todo.html",
-		    flags: ["-offlinemode -title \"libcore\""],
-		}
-		`,
-		map[string][]byte{
-			"bar-doc/a.java": nil,
-			"bar-doc/b.java": nil,
-		})
-	barStubs := ctx.ModuleForTests("bar-stubs", "android_common")
-	barStubsOutputs, err := barStubs.Module().(*Droidstubs).OutputFiles("")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Unexpected error %q retrieving \"bar-stubs\" output file", err)
-	}
-	if len(barStubsOutputs) != 1 {
-		t.Errorf("Expected one output from \"bar-stubs\" got %s", barStubsOutputs)
-	}
-
-	barStubsOutput := barStubsOutputs[0]
-	barDoc := ctx.ModuleForTests("bar-doc", "android_common")
-	javaDoc := barDoc.Rule("javadoc").RelativeToTop()
-	if g, w := android.PathsRelativeToTop(javaDoc.Implicits), android.PathRelativeToTop(barStubsOutput); !inList(w, g) {
-		t.Errorf("implicits of bar-doc must contain %q, but was %q.", w, g)
-	}
-
-	expected := "-sourcepath out/soong/.intermediates/bar-doc/android_common/srcjars "
-	if !strings.Contains(javaDoc.RuleParams.Command, expected) {
-		t.Errorf("bar-doc command does not contain flag %q, but should\n%q", expected, javaDoc.RuleParams.Command)
-	}
-
-	aidl := barDoc.Rule("aidl")
-	if g, w := android.PathsRelativeToTop(javaDoc.Implicits), android.PathRelativeToTop(aidl.Output); !inList(w, g) {
-		t.Errorf("implicits of bar-doc must contain %q, but was %q.", w, g)
-	}
-
-	if g, w := aidl.Implicits.Strings(), []string{"bar-doc/IBar.aidl", "bar-doc/IFoo.aidl"}; !reflect.DeepEqual(w, g) {
-		t.Errorf("aidl inputs must be %q, but was %q", w, g)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDroiddocArgsAndFlagsCausesError(t *testing.T) {
-	testJavaError(t, "flags is set. Cannot set args", `
-		droiddoc_exported_dir {
-		    name: "droiddoc-templates-sdk",
-		    path: ".",
-		}
-		filegroup {
-		    name: "bar-doc-aidl-srcs",
-		    srcs: ["bar-doc/IBar.aidl"],
-		    path: "bar-doc",
-		}
-		droidstubs {
-		    name: "bar-stubs",
-		    srcs: [
-		        "bar-doc/a.java",
-		    ],
-		    exclude_srcs: [
-		        "bar-doc/b.java"
-		    ],
-		    api_levels_annotations_dirs: [
-		      "droiddoc-templates-sdk",
-		    ],
-		    api_levels_annotations_enabled: true,
-		}
-		droiddoc {
-		    name: "bar-doc",
-		    srcs: [
-		        ":bar-stubs",
-		        "bar-doc/IFoo.aidl",
-		        ":bar-doc-aidl-srcs",
-		    ],
-		    custom_template: "droiddoc-templates-sdk",
-		    hdf: [
-		        "android.whichdoc offline",
-		    ],
-		    knowntags: [
-		        "bar-doc/known_oj_tags.txt",
-		    ],
-		    proofread_file: "libcore-proofread.txt",
-		    todo_file: "libcore-docs-todo.html",
-		    flags: ["-offlinemode -title \"libcore\""],
-		    args: "-offlinemode -title \"libcore\"",
-		}
-		`)
-}
-
-func TestDroidstubs(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx, _ := testJavaWithFS(t, `
-		droiddoc_exported_dir {
-			name: "droiddoc-templates-sdk",
-			path: ".",
-		}
-
-		droidstubs {
-			name: "bar-stubs",
-			srcs: ["bar-doc/a.java"],
-			api_levels_annotations_dirs: ["droiddoc-templates-sdk"],
-			api_levels_annotations_enabled: true,
-		}
-
-		droidstubs {
-			name: "bar-stubs-other",
-			srcs: ["bar-doc/a.java"],
-			high_mem: true,
-			api_levels_annotations_dirs: ["droiddoc-templates-sdk"],
-			api_levels_annotations_enabled: true,
-			api_levels_jar_filename: "android.other.jar",
-		}
-		`,
-		map[string][]byte{
-			"bar-doc/a.java": nil,
-		})
-	testcases := []struct {
-		moduleName          string
-		expectedJarFilename string
-		high_mem            bool
-	}{
-		{
-			moduleName:          "bar-stubs",
-			expectedJarFilename: "android.jar",
-			high_mem:            false,
-		},
-		{
-			moduleName:          "bar-stubs-other",
-			expectedJarFilename: "android.other.jar",
-			high_mem:            true,
-		},
-	}
-	for _, c := range testcases {
-		m := ctx.ModuleForTests(c.moduleName, "android_common")
-		metalava := m.Rule("metalava")
-		rp := metalava.RuleParams
-		expected := "--android-jar-pattern ./%/public/" + c.expectedJarFilename
-		if actual := rp.Command; !strings.Contains(actual, expected) {
-			t.Errorf("For %q, expected metalava argument %q, but was not found %q", c.moduleName, expected, actual)
-		}
-
-		if actual := rp.Pool != nil && strings.Contains(rp.Pool.String(), "highmem"); actual != c.high_mem {
-			t.Errorf("Expected %q high_mem to be %v, was %v", c.moduleName, c.high_mem, actual)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDroidstubsWithSystemModules(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx, _ := testJava(t, `
-		droidstubs {
-		    name: "stubs-source-system-modules",
-		    srcs: [
-		        "bar-doc/a.java",
-		    ],
-				sdk_version: "none",
-				system_modules: "source-system-modules",
-		}
-
-		java_library {
-				name: "source-jar",
-		    srcs: [
-		        "a.java",
-		    ],
-		}
-
-		java_system_modules {
-				name: "source-system-modules",
-				libs: ["source-jar"],
-		}
-
-		droidstubs {
-		    name: "stubs-prebuilt-system-modules",
-		    srcs: [
-		        "bar-doc/a.java",
-		    ],
-				sdk_version: "none",
-				system_modules: "prebuilt-system-modules",
-		}
-
-		java_import {
-				name: "prebuilt-jar",
-				jars: ["a.jar"],
-		}
-
-		java_system_modules_import {
-				name: "prebuilt-system-modules",
-				libs: ["prebuilt-jar"],
-		}
-		`)
-
-	checkSystemModulesUseByDroidstubs(t, ctx, "stubs-source-system-modules", "source-jar.jar")
-
-	checkSystemModulesUseByDroidstubs(t, ctx, "stubs-prebuilt-system-modules", "prebuilt-jar.jar")
-}
-
-func checkSystemModulesUseByDroidstubs(t *testing.T, ctx *android.TestContext, moduleName string, systemJar string) {
-	metalavaRule := ctx.ModuleForTests(moduleName, "android_common").Rule("metalava")
-	var systemJars []string
-	for _, i := range metalavaRule.Implicits {
-		systemJars = append(systemJars, i.Base())
-	}
-	if len(systemJars) < 1 || systemJars[0] != systemJar {
-		t.Errorf("inputs of %q must be []string{%q}, but was %#v.", moduleName, systemJar, systemJars)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestJarGenrules(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, _ := testJava(t, `
 		java_library {
diff --git a/java/lint.go b/java/lint.go
index 938e2b0..475e8dc 100644
--- a/java/lint.go
+++ b/java/lint.go
@@ -182,11 +182,6 @@
 	cacheDir   android.WritablePath
 	homeDir    android.WritablePath
 	srcjarDir  android.WritablePath
-
-	deps android.Paths
-
-	remoteInputs    android.Paths
-	remoteRSPInputs android.Paths
 }
 
 func lintRBEExecStrategy(ctx android.ModuleContext) string {
@@ -194,39 +189,6 @@
 }
 
 func (l *linter) writeLintProjectXML(ctx android.ModuleContext, rule *android.RuleBuilder) lintPaths {
-	var deps android.Paths
-	var remoteInputs android.Paths
-	var remoteRSPInputs android.Paths
-
-	// Paths passed to trackInputDependency will be added as dependencies of the rule that runs
-	// lint and passed as inputs to the remote execution proxy.
-	trackInputDependency := func(paths ...android.Path) {
-		deps = append(deps, paths...)
-		remoteInputs = append(remoteInputs, paths...)
-	}
-
-	// Paths passed to trackRSPDependency will be added as dependencies of the rule that runs
-	// lint, but the RSP file will be used by the remote execution proxy to find the files so that
-	// it doesn't overflow command line limits.
-	trackRSPDependency := func(paths android.Paths, rsp android.Path) {
-		deps = append(deps, paths...)
-		remoteRSPInputs = append(remoteRSPInputs, rsp)
-	}
-
-	var resourcesList android.WritablePath
-	if len(l.resources) > 0 {
-		// The list of resources may be too long to put on the command line, but
-		// we can't use the rsp file because it is already being used for srcs.
-		// Insert a second rule to write out the list of resources to a file.
-		resourcesList = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "resources.list")
-		resListRule := android.NewRuleBuilder(pctx, ctx)
-		resListRule.Command().Text("cp").
-			FlagWithRspFileInputList("", resourcesList.ReplaceExtension(ctx, "rsp"), l.resources).
-			Output(resourcesList)
-		resListRule.Build("lint_resources_list", "lint resources list")
-		trackRSPDependency(l.resources, resourcesList)
-	}
-
 	projectXMLPath := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "lint", "project.xml")
 	// Lint looks for a lint.xml file next to the project.xml file, give it one.
 	configXMLPath := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "lint", "lint.xml")
@@ -235,20 +197,6 @@
 
 	srcJarDir := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "lint", "srcjars")
 	srcJarList := zipSyncCmd(ctx, rule, srcJarDir, l.srcJars)
-	// TODO(ccross): this is a little fishy.  The files extracted from the srcjars are referenced
-	// by the project.xml and used by the later lint rule, but the lint rule depends on the srcjars,
-	// not the extracted files.
-	trackRSPDependency(l.srcJars, srcJarList)
-
-	// TODO(ccross): some of the files in l.srcs are generated sources and should be passed to
-	// lint separately.
-	srcsList := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "lint", "srcs.list")
-	srcsListRsp := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "lint-srcs.list.rsp")
-	rule.Command().Text("cp").
-		FlagWithRspFileInputList("", srcsListRsp, l.srcs).
-		Output(srcsList)
-	trackRSPDependency(l.srcs, srcsList)
-	rule.Temporary(srcsList)
 
 	cmd := rule.Command().
 		BuiltTool("lint-project-xml").
@@ -263,32 +211,31 @@
 		cmd.Flag("--test")
 	}
 	if l.manifest != nil {
-		cmd.FlagWithArg("--manifest ", cmd.PathForInput(l.manifest))
-		trackInputDependency(l.manifest)
+		cmd.FlagWithInput("--manifest ", l.manifest)
 	}
 	if l.mergedManifest != nil {
-		cmd.FlagWithArg("--merged_manifest ", cmd.PathForInput(l.mergedManifest))
-		trackInputDependency(l.mergedManifest)
+		cmd.FlagWithInput("--merged_manifest ", l.mergedManifest)
 	}
 
-	cmd.FlagWithInput("--srcs ", srcsList)
+	// TODO(ccross): some of the files in l.srcs are generated sources and should be passed to
+	// lint separately.
+	srcsList := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "lint-srcs.list")
+	cmd.FlagWithRspFileInputList("--srcs ", srcsList, l.srcs)
 
 	cmd.FlagWithInput("--generated_srcs ", srcJarList)
 
-	if resourcesList != nil {
-		cmd.FlagWithInput("--resources ", resourcesList)
+	if len(l.resources) > 0 {
+		resourcesList := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "lint-resources.list")
+		cmd.FlagWithRspFileInputList("--resources ", resourcesList, l.resources)
 	}
 
 	if l.classes != nil {
-		cmd.FlagWithArg("--classes ", cmd.PathForInput(l.classes))
-		trackInputDependency(l.classes)
+		cmd.FlagWithInput("--classes ", l.classes)
 	}
 
-	cmd.FlagForEachArg("--classpath ", cmd.PathsForInputs(l.classpath))
-	trackInputDependency(l.classpath...)
+	cmd.FlagForEachInput("--classpath ", l.classpath)
 
-	cmd.FlagForEachArg("--extra_checks_jar ", cmd.PathsForInputs(l.extraLintCheckJars))
-	trackInputDependency(l.extraLintCheckJars...)
+	cmd.FlagForEachInput("--extra_checks_jar ", l.extraLintCheckJars)
 
 	cmd.FlagWithArg("--root_dir ", "$PWD")
 
@@ -309,11 +256,6 @@
 		configXML:  configXMLPath,
 		cacheDir:   cacheDir,
 		homeDir:    homeDir,
-
-		deps: deps,
-
-		remoteInputs:    remoteInputs,
-		remoteRSPInputs: remoteRSPInputs,
 	}
 
 }
@@ -424,8 +366,7 @@
 		Flag("--exitcode").
 		Flags(l.properties.Lint.Flags).
 		Implicit(annotationsZipPath).
-		Implicit(apiVersionsXMLPath).
-		Implicits(lintPaths.deps)
+		Implicit(apiVersionsXMLPath)
 
 	rule.Temporary(lintPaths.projectXML)
 	rule.Temporary(lintPaths.configXML)
diff --git a/java/platform_compat_config.go b/java/platform_compat_config.go
index 03e82c2..c3d13ae 100644
--- a/java/platform_compat_config.go
+++ b/java/platform_compat_config.go
@@ -221,12 +221,40 @@
 	metadata android.Path
 }
 
+// isModulePreferredByCompatConfig checks to see whether the module is preferred for use by
+// platform compat config.
+func isModulePreferredByCompatConfig(module android.Module) bool {
+	// A versioned prebuilt_platform_compat_config, i.e. foo-platform-compat-config@current should be
+	// ignored.
+	if s, ok := module.(android.SdkAware); ok {
+		if !s.ContainingSdk().Unversioned() {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	// A prebuilt module should only be used when it is preferred.
+	if pi, ok := module.(android.PrebuiltInterface); ok {
+		if p := pi.Prebuilt(); p != nil {
+			return p.UsePrebuilt()
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Otherwise, a module should only be used if it has not been replaced by a prebuilt.
+	return !module.IsReplacedByPrebuilt()
+}
+
 func (p *platformCompatConfigSingleton) GenerateBuildActions(ctx android.SingletonContext) {
 
 	var compatConfigMetadata android.Paths
 
 	ctx.VisitAllModules(func(module android.Module) {
+		if !module.Enabled() {
+			return
+		}
 		if c, ok := module.(platformCompatConfigMetadataProvider); ok {
+			if !isModulePreferredByCompatConfig(module) {
+				return
+			}
 			metadata := c.compatConfigMetadata()
 			compatConfigMetadata = append(compatConfigMetadata, metadata)
 		}
diff --git a/kernel/prebuilt_kernel_modules.go b/kernel/prebuilt_kernel_modules.go
index 14ac021..5bcca04 100644
--- a/kernel/prebuilt_kernel_modules.go
+++ b/kernel/prebuilt_kernel_modules.go
@@ -27,8 +27,12 @@
 )
 
 func init() {
-	android.RegisterModuleType("prebuilt_kernel_modules", prebuiltKernelModulesFactory)
 	pctx.Import("android/soong/cc/config")
+	registerKernelBuildComponents(android.InitRegistrationContext)
+}
+
+func registerKernelBuildComponents(ctx android.RegistrationContext) {
+	ctx.RegisterModuleType("prebuilt_kernel_modules", prebuiltKernelModulesFactory)
 }
 
 type prebuiltKernelModules struct {
diff --git a/kernel/prebuilt_kernel_modules_test.go b/kernel/prebuilt_kernel_modules_test.go
index 433548b..90b9886 100644
--- a/kernel/prebuilt_kernel_modules_test.go
+++ b/kernel/prebuilt_kernel_modules_test.go
@@ -15,73 +15,29 @@
 package kernel
 
 import (
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
-	"reflect"
-	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"android/soong/android"
 	"android/soong/cc"
 )
 
-func testKernelModules(t *testing.T, bp string, fs map[string][]byte) (*android.TestContext, android.Config) {
-	bp = bp + `
-		cc_binary_host {
-			name: "depmod",
-			srcs: ["depmod.cpp"],
-			stl: "none",
-			static_executable: true,
-			system_shared_libs: [],
-		}
-	`
-	bp = bp + cc.GatherRequiredDepsForTest(android.Android)
-
-	fs["depmod.cpp"] = nil
-	cc.GatherRequiredFilesForTest(fs)
-
-	config := android.TestArchConfig(buildDir, nil, bp, fs)
-
-	ctx := android.NewTestArchContext(config)
-	ctx.RegisterModuleType("prebuilt_kernel_modules", prebuiltKernelModulesFactory)
-	ctx.PreArchMutators(android.RegisterDefaultsPreArchMutators)
-	cc.RegisterRequiredBuildComponentsForTest(ctx)
-
-	ctx.Register()
-	_, errs := ctx.ParseFileList(".", []string{"Android.bp"})
-	android.FailIfErrored(t, errs)
-	_, errs = ctx.PrepareBuildActions(config)
-	android.FailIfErrored(t, errs)
-
-	return ctx, config
-}
-
-func ensureListContains(t *testing.T, result []string, expected string) {
-	t.Helper()
-	if !android.InList(expected, result) {
-		t.Errorf("%q is not found in %v", expected, result)
-	}
-}
-
-func ensureContains(t *testing.T, result string, expected string) {
-	t.Helper()
-	if !strings.Contains(result, expected) {
-		t.Errorf("%q is not found in %q", expected, result)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestKernelModulesFilelist(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx, _ := testKernelModules(t, `
+	ctx := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		cc.PrepareForTestWithCcDefaultModules,
+		android.FixtureRegisterWithContext(registerKernelBuildComponents),
+		android.MockFS{
+			"depmod.cpp": nil,
+			"mod1.ko":    nil,
+			"mod2.ko":    nil,
+		}.AddToFixture(),
+	).RunTestWithBp(t, `
 		prebuilt_kernel_modules {
 			name: "foo",
 			srcs: ["*.ko"],
 			kernel_version: "5.10",
 		}
-	`,
-		map[string][]byte{
-			"mod1.ko": nil,
-			"mod2.ko": nil,
-		})
+	`)
 
 	expected := []string{
 		"lib/modules/5.10/mod1.ko",
@@ -98,32 +54,9 @@
 	}
 	actual = android.SortedUniqueStrings(actual)
 	expected = android.SortedUniqueStrings(expected)
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(actual, expected) {
-		t.Errorf("\ngot: %v\nexpected: %v\n", actual, expected)
-	}
-}
-
-var buildDir string
-
-func setUp() {
-	var err error
-	buildDir, err = ioutil.TempDir("", "soong_kernel_test")
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-}
-
-func tearDown() {
-	os.RemoveAll(buildDir)
+	android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "foo packaging specs", expected, actual)
 }
 
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
-	run := func() int {
-		setUp()
-		defer tearDown()
-
-		return m.Run()
-	}
-
-	os.Exit(run())
+	os.Exit(m.Run())
 }
diff --git a/linkerconfig/linkerconfig.go b/linkerconfig/linkerconfig.go
index ff548e5..da80a47 100644
--- a/linkerconfig/linkerconfig.go
+++ b/linkerconfig/linkerconfig.go
@@ -27,7 +27,11 @@
 
 func init() {
 	pctx.HostBinToolVariable("conv_linker_config", "conv_linker_config")
-	android.RegisterModuleType("linker_config", linkerConfigFactory)
+	registerLinkerConfigBuildComponent(android.InitRegistrationContext)
+}
+
+func registerLinkerConfigBuildComponent(ctx android.RegistrationContext) {
+	ctx.RegisterModuleType("linker_config", linkerConfigFactory)
 }
 
 type linkerConfigProperties struct {
diff --git a/linkerconfig/linkerconfig_test.go b/linkerconfig/linkerconfig_test.go
index 8eed4b5..939e4bb 100644
--- a/linkerconfig/linkerconfig_test.go
+++ b/linkerconfig/linkerconfig_test.go
@@ -15,65 +15,29 @@
 package linkerconfig
 
 import (
-	"android/soong/android"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"reflect"
 	"testing"
+
+	"android/soong/android"
 )
 
-var buildDir string
-
-func setUp() {
-	var err error
-	buildDir, err = ioutil.TempDir("", "soong_etc_test")
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-}
-
-func tearDown() {
-	os.RemoveAll(buildDir)
-}
-
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
-	run := func() int {
-		setUp()
-		defer tearDown()
-
-		return m.Run()
-	}
-
-	os.Exit(run())
+	os.Exit(m.Run())
 }
 
-func testContext(t *testing.T, bp string) *android.TestContext {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	fs := map[string][]byte{
-		"linker.config.json": nil,
-	}
-
-	config := android.TestArchConfig(buildDir, nil, bp, fs)
-
-	ctx := android.NewTestArchContext(config)
-	ctx.RegisterModuleType("linker_config", linkerConfigFactory)
-	ctx.Register()
-
-	_, errs := ctx.ParseFileList(".", []string{"Android.bp"})
-	android.FailIfErrored(t, errs)
-	_, errs = ctx.PrepareBuildActions(config)
-	android.FailIfErrored(t, errs)
-
-	return ctx
-}
+var prepareForLinkerConfigTest = android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+	android.PrepareForTestWithAndroidBuildComponents,
+	android.FixtureRegisterWithContext(registerLinkerConfigBuildComponent),
+	android.FixtureAddFile("linker.config.json", nil),
+)
 
 func TestBaseLinkerConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := testContext(t, `
-	linker_config {
-		name: "linker-config-base",
-		src: "linker.config.json",
-	}
+	result := prepareForLinkerConfigTest.RunTestWithBp(t, `
+		linker_config {
+			name: "linker-config-base",
+			src: "linker.config.json",
+		}
 	`)
 
 	expected := map[string][]string{
@@ -82,13 +46,13 @@
 		"LOCAL_INSTALLED_MODULE_STEM": {"linker.config.pb"},
 	}
 
-	p := ctx.ModuleForTests("linker-config-base", "android_arm64_armv8-a").Module().(*linkerConfig)
+	p := result.ModuleForTests("linker-config-base", "android_arm64_armv8-a").Module().(*linkerConfig)
 
 	if p.outputFilePath.Base() != "linker.config.pb" {
 		t.Errorf("expected linker.config.pb, got %q", p.outputFilePath.Base())
 	}
 
-	entries := android.AndroidMkEntriesForTest(t, ctx, p)[0]
+	entries := android.AndroidMkEntriesForTest(t, result.TestContext, p)[0]
 	for k, expectedValue := range expected {
 		if value, ok := entries.EntryMap[k]; ok {
 			if !reflect.DeepEqual(value, expectedValue) {
@@ -105,18 +69,18 @@
 }
 
 func TestUninstallableLinkerConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := testContext(t, `
-	linker_config {
-		name: "linker-config-base",
-		src: "linker.config.json",
-		installable: false,
-	}
+	result := prepareForLinkerConfigTest.RunTestWithBp(t, `
+		linker_config {
+			name: "linker-config-base",
+			src: "linker.config.json",
+			installable: false,
+		}
 	`)
 
 	expected := []string{"true"}
 
-	p := ctx.ModuleForTests("linker-config-base", "android_arm64_armv8-a").Module().(*linkerConfig)
-	entries := android.AndroidMkEntriesForTest(t, ctx, p)[0]
+	p := result.ModuleForTests("linker-config-base", "android_arm64_armv8-a").Module().(*linkerConfig)
+	entries := android.AndroidMkEntriesForTest(t, result.TestContext, p)[0]
 	if value, ok := entries.EntryMap["LOCAL_UNINSTALLABLE_MODULE"]; ok {
 		if !reflect.DeepEqual(value, expected) {
 			t.Errorf("LOCAL_UNINSTALLABLE_MODULE is expected to be true but %s", value)
diff --git a/remoteexec/remoteexec.go b/remoteexec/remoteexec.go
index 166f68c..ef4672a 100644
--- a/remoteexec/remoteexec.go
+++ b/remoteexec/remoteexec.go
@@ -64,9 +64,8 @@
 	ExecStrategy string
 	// Inputs is a list of input paths or ninja variables.
 	Inputs []string
-	// RSPFile is the name of the ninja variable used by the rule as a placeholder for an rsp
-	// input.
-	RSPFile string
+	// RSPFiles is the name of the files used by the rule as a placeholder for an rsp input.
+	RSPFiles []string
 	// OutputFiles is a list of output file paths or ninja variables as placeholders for rule
 	// outputs.
 	OutputFiles []string
@@ -134,8 +133,8 @@
 		args += " --inputs=" + strings.Join(r.Inputs, ",")
 	}
 
-	if r.RSPFile != "" {
-		args += " --input_list_paths=" + r.RSPFile
+	if len(r.RSPFiles) > 0 {
+		args += " --input_list_paths=" + strings.Join(r.RSPFiles, ",")
 	}
 
 	if len(r.OutputFiles) > 0 {
diff --git a/remoteexec/remoteexec_test.go b/remoteexec/remoteexec_test.go
index 875aa6a..b117b89 100644
--- a/remoteexec/remoteexec_test.go
+++ b/remoteexec/remoteexec_test.go
@@ -45,14 +45,14 @@
 				Inputs:          []string{"$in"},
 				OutputFiles:     []string{"$out"},
 				ExecStrategy:    "remote",
-				RSPFile:         "$out.rsp",
+				RSPFiles:        []string{"$out.rsp", "out2.rsp"},
 				ToolchainInputs: []string{"clang++"},
 				Platform: map[string]string{
 					ContainerImageKey: DefaultImage,
 					PoolKey:           "default",
 				},
 			},
-			want: fmt.Sprintf("${android.RBEWrapper} --labels=compiler=clang,lang=cpp,type=compile --platform=\"Pool=default,container-image=%s\" --exec_strategy=remote --inputs=$in --input_list_paths=$out.rsp --output_files=$out --toolchain_inputs=clang++ -- ", DefaultImage),
+			want: fmt.Sprintf("${android.RBEWrapper} --labels=compiler=clang,lang=cpp,type=compile --platform=\"Pool=default,container-image=%s\" --exec_strategy=remote --inputs=$in --input_list_paths=$out.rsp,out2.rsp --output_files=$out --toolchain_inputs=clang++ -- ", DefaultImage),
 		},
 	}
 	for _, test := range tests {
diff --git a/response/Android.bp b/response/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e19981f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/response/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+bootstrap_go_package {
+    name: "soong-response",
+    pkgPath: "android/soong/response",
+    deps: [
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "response.go",
+    ],
+    testSrcs: [
+        "response_test.go",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/response/response.go b/response/response.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b65503e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/response/response.go
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package response
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"strings"
+	"unicode"
+)
+
+const noQuote = '\x00'
+
+// ReadRspFile reads a file in Ninja's response file format and returns its contents.
+func ReadRspFile(r io.Reader) ([]string, error) {
+	var files []string
+	var file []byte
+
+	buf, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	isEscaping := false
+	quotingStart := byte(noQuote)
+	for _, c := range buf {
+		switch {
+		case isEscaping:
+			if quotingStart == '"' {
+				if !(c == '"' || c == '\\') {
+					// '\"' or '\\' will be escaped under double quoting.
+					file = append(file, '\\')
+				}
+			}
+			file = append(file, c)
+			isEscaping = false
+		case c == '\\' && quotingStart != '\'':
+			isEscaping = true
+		case quotingStart == noQuote && (c == '\'' || c == '"'):
+			quotingStart = c
+		case quotingStart != noQuote && c == quotingStart:
+			quotingStart = noQuote
+		case quotingStart == noQuote && unicode.IsSpace(rune(c)):
+			// Current character is a space outside quotes
+			if len(file) != 0 {
+				files = append(files, string(file))
+			}
+			file = file[:0]
+		default:
+			file = append(file, c)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(file) != 0 {
+		files = append(files, string(file))
+	}
+
+	return files, nil
+}
+
+func rspUnsafeChar(r rune) bool {
+	switch {
+	case 'A' <= r && r <= 'Z',
+		'a' <= r && r <= 'z',
+		'0' <= r && r <= '9',
+		r == '_',
+		r == '+',
+		r == '-',
+		r == '.',
+		r == '/':
+		return false
+	default:
+		return true
+	}
+}
+
+var rspEscaper = strings.NewReplacer(`'`, `'\''`)
+
+// WriteRspFile writes a list of files to a file in Ninja's response file format.
+func WriteRspFile(w io.Writer, files []string) error {
+	for i, f := range files {
+		if i != 0 {
+			_, err := io.WriteString(w, " ")
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
+		if strings.IndexFunc(f, rspUnsafeChar) != -1 {
+			f = `'` + rspEscaper.Replace(f) + `'`
+		}
+
+		_, err := io.WriteString(w, f)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/response/response_test.go b/response/response_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d1fb41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/response/response_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package response
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestReadRspFile(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name, in string
+		out      []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "single quoting test case 1",
+			in:   `./cmd '"'-C`,
+			out:  []string{"./cmd", `"-C`},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "single quoting test case 2",
+			in:   `./cmd '-C`,
+			out:  []string{"./cmd", `-C`},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "single quoting test case 3",
+			in:   `./cmd '\"'-C`,
+			out:  []string{"./cmd", `\"-C`},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "single quoting test case 4",
+			in:   `./cmd '\\'-C`,
+			out:  []string{"./cmd", `\\-C`},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "none quoting test case 1",
+			in:   `./cmd \'-C`,
+			out:  []string{"./cmd", `'-C`},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "none quoting test case 2",
+			in:   `./cmd \\-C`,
+			out:  []string{"./cmd", `\-C`},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "none quoting test case 3",
+			in:   `./cmd \"-C`,
+			out:  []string{"./cmd", `"-C`},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "double quoting test case 1",
+			in:   `./cmd "'"-C`,
+			out:  []string{"./cmd", `'-C`},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "double quoting test case 2",
+			in:   `./cmd "\\"-C`,
+			out:  []string{"./cmd", `\-C`},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "double quoting test case 3",
+			in:   `./cmd "\""-C`,
+			out:  []string{"./cmd", `"-C`},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ninja rsp file",
+			in:   "'a'\nb\n'@'\n'foo'\\''bar'\n'foo\"bar'",
+			out:  []string{"a", "b", "@", "foo'bar", `foo"bar`},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, testCase := range testCases {
+		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := ReadRspFile(bytes.NewBuffer([]byte(testCase.in)))
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("unexpected error: %q", err)
+			}
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, testCase.out) {
+				t.Errorf("expected %q got %q", testCase.out, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteRspFile(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name string
+		in   []string
+		out  string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "ninja rsp file",
+			in:   []string{"a", "b", "@", "foo'bar", `foo"bar`},
+			out:  "a b '@' 'foo'\\''bar' 'foo\"bar'",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, testCase := range testCases {
+		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+			err := WriteRspFile(buf, testCase.in)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("unexpected error: %q", err)
+			}
+			if buf.String() != testCase.out {
+				t.Errorf("expected %q got %q", testCase.out, buf.String())
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/rust/compiler.go b/rust/compiler.go
index 200af90..41b7371 100644
--- a/rust/compiler.go
+++ b/rust/compiler.go
@@ -97,13 +97,25 @@
 	// list of C shared library dependencies
 	Shared_libs []string `android:"arch_variant"`
 
-	// list of C static library dependencies. Note, static libraries prefixed by "lib" will be passed to rustc
-	// along with "-lstatic=<name>". This will bundle the static library into rlib/static libraries so dependents do
-	// not need to also declare the static library as a dependency. Static libraries which are not prefixed by "lib"
-	// cannot be passed to rustc with this flag and will not be bundled into rlib/static libraries, and thus must
-	// be redeclared in dependents.
+	// list of C static library dependencies. These dependencies do not normally propagate to dependents
+	// and may need to be redeclared. See whole_static_libs for bundling static dependencies into a library.
 	Static_libs []string `android:"arch_variant"`
 
+	// Similar to static_libs, but will bundle the static library dependency into a library. This is helpful
+	// to avoid having to redeclare the dependency for dependents of this library, but in some cases may also
+	// result in bloat if multiple dependencies all include the same static library whole.
+	//
+	// The common use case for this is when the static library is unlikely to be a dependency of other modules to avoid
+	// having to redeclare the static library dependency for every dependent module.
+	// If you are not sure what to, for rust_library modules most static dependencies should go in static_libraries,
+	// and for rust_ffi modules most static dependencies should go into whole_static_libraries.
+	//
+	// For rust_ffi static variants, these libraries will be included in the resulting static library archive.
+	//
+	// For rust_library rlib variants, these libraries will be bundled into the resulting rlib library. This will
+	// include all of the static libraries symbols in any dylibs or binaries which use this rlib as well.
+	Whole_static_libs []string `android:"arch_variant"`
+
 	// crate name, required for modules which produce Rust libraries: rust_library, rust_ffi and SourceProvider
 	// modules which create library variants (rust_bindgen). This must be the expected extern crate name used in
 	// source, and is required to conform to an enforced format matching library output files (if the output file is
@@ -266,6 +278,7 @@
 	deps.Rustlibs = append(deps.Rustlibs, compiler.Properties.Rustlibs...)
 	deps.ProcMacros = append(deps.ProcMacros, compiler.Properties.Proc_macros...)
 	deps.StaticLibs = append(deps.StaticLibs, compiler.Properties.Static_libs...)
+	deps.WholeStaticLibs = append(deps.WholeStaticLibs, compiler.Properties.Whole_static_libs...)
 	deps.SharedLibs = append(deps.SharedLibs, compiler.Properties.Shared_libs...)
 
 	if !Bool(compiler.Properties.No_stdlibs) {
diff --git a/rust/project_json.go b/rust/project_json.go
index 8d3d250..c28bc7b 100644
--- a/rust/project_json.go
+++ b/rust/project_json.go
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 	RootModule  string            `json:"root_module"`
 	Edition     string            `json:"edition,omitempty"`
 	Deps        []rustProjectDep  `json:"deps"`
-	Cfgs        []string          `json:"cfgs"`
+	Cfg         []string          `json:"cfg"`
 	Env         map[string]string `json:"env"`
 }
 
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@
 		RootModule:  rootModule,
 		Edition:     comp.edition(),
 		Deps:        make([]rustProjectDep, 0),
-		Cfgs:        make([]string, 0),
+		Cfg:         make([]string, 0),
 		Env:         make(map[string]string),
 	}
 
@@ -238,6 +238,10 @@
 		crate.Env["OUT_DIR"] = comp.CargoOutDir().String()
 	}
 
+	for _, feature := range comp.Properties.Features {
+		crate.Cfg = append(crate.Cfg, "feature=\""+feature+"\"")
+	}
+
 	deps := make(map[string]int)
 	singleton.mergeDependencies(ctx, rModule, &crate, deps)
 
diff --git a/rust/project_json_test.go b/rust/project_json_test.go
index 8f64f56..7af4635 100644
--- a/rust/project_json_test.go
+++ b/rust/project_json_test.go
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 	"encoding/json"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -115,6 +116,41 @@
 	validateJsonCrates(t, jsonContent)
 }
 
+func TestProjectJsonFeature(t *testing.T) {
+	bp := `
+	rust_library {
+		name: "liba",
+		srcs: ["a/src/lib.rs"],
+		crate_name: "a",
+		features: ["f1", "f2"]
+	}
+	`
+	jsonContent := testProjectJson(t, bp)
+	crates := validateJsonCrates(t, jsonContent)
+	for _, c := range crates {
+		crate := validateCrate(t, c)
+		cfgs, ok := crate["cfg"].([]interface{})
+		if !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("Unexpected type for cfgs: %v", crate)
+		}
+		expectedCfgs := []string{"feature=\"f1\"", "feature=\"f2\""}
+		foundCfgs := []string{}
+		for _, cfg := range cfgs {
+			cfg, ok := cfg.(string)
+			if !ok {
+				t.Fatalf("Unexpected type for cfg: %v", cfg)
+			}
+			foundCfgs = append(foundCfgs, cfg)
+		}
+		sort.Strings(foundCfgs)
+		for i, foundCfg := range foundCfgs {
+			if foundCfg != expectedCfgs[i] {
+				t.Errorf("Incorrect features: got %v; want %v", foundCfg, expectedCfgs[i])
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestProjectJsonBinary(t *testing.T) {
 	bp := `
 	rust_binary {
diff --git a/rust/rust.go b/rust/rust.go
index 8ebdb72..f0d0e36 100644
--- a/rust/rust.go
+++ b/rust/rust.go
@@ -256,6 +256,10 @@
 	return ""
 }
 
+func (mod *Module) MinSdkVersion() string {
+	return ""
+}
+
 func (mod *Module) AlwaysSdk() bool {
 	return false
 }
@@ -269,14 +273,15 @@
 }
 
 type Deps struct {
-	Dylibs     []string
-	Rlibs      []string
-	Rustlibs   []string
-	Stdlibs    []string
-	ProcMacros []string
-	SharedLibs []string
-	StaticLibs []string
-	HeaderLibs []string
+	Dylibs          []string
+	Rlibs           []string
+	Rustlibs        []string
+	Stdlibs         []string
+	ProcMacros      []string
+	SharedLibs      []string
+	StaticLibs      []string
+	WholeStaticLibs []string
+	HeaderLibs      []string
 
 	CrtBegin, CrtEnd string
 }
@@ -751,7 +756,7 @@
 	deps.ProcMacros = android.LastUniqueStrings(deps.ProcMacros)
 	deps.SharedLibs = android.LastUniqueStrings(deps.SharedLibs)
 	deps.StaticLibs = android.LastUniqueStrings(deps.StaticLibs)
-
+	deps.WholeStaticLibs = android.LastUniqueStrings(deps.WholeStaticLibs)
 	return deps
 
 }
@@ -911,16 +916,13 @@
 			exportDep := false
 			switch {
 			case cc.IsStaticDepTag(depTag):
-				// Only pass -lstatic for rlibs as it results in dylib bloat.
-				if lib, ok := ctx.Module().(*Module).compiler.(libraryInterface); ok && lib.rlib() {
-					// Link cc static libraries using "-lstatic" so rustc can reason about how to handle these
-					// (for example, bundling them into rlibs).
-					//
-					// rustc does not support linking libraries with the "-l" flag unless they are prefixed by "lib".
-					// If we need to link a library that isn't prefixed by "lib", we'll just link to it directly through
-					// linkObjects; such a library may need to be redeclared by static dependents.
+				if cc.IsWholeStaticLib(depTag) {
+					// rustc will bundle static libraries when they're passed with "-lstatic=<lib>". This will fail
+					// if the library is not prefixed by "lib".
 					if libName, ok := libNameFromFilePath(linkObject.Path()); ok {
 						depPaths.depFlags = append(depPaths.depFlags, "-lstatic="+libName)
+					} else {
+						ctx.ModuleErrorf("'%q' cannot be listed as a whole_static_library in Rust modules unless the output is prefixed by 'lib'", depName, ctx.ModuleName())
 					}
 				}
 
@@ -1099,7 +1101,10 @@
 		cc.SharedDepTag(), deps.SharedLibs...)
 	actx.AddVariationDependencies(append(commonDepVariations,
 		blueprint.Variation{Mutator: "link", Variation: "static"}),
-		cc.StaticDepTag(), deps.StaticLibs...)
+		cc.StaticDepTag(false), deps.StaticLibs...)
+	actx.AddVariationDependencies(append(commonDepVariations,
+		blueprint.Variation{Mutator: "link", Variation: "static"}),
+		cc.StaticDepTag(true), deps.WholeStaticLibs...)
 
 	actx.AddVariationDependencies(nil, cc.HeaderDepTag(), deps.HeaderLibs...)
 
diff --git a/rust/rust_test.go b/rust/rust_test.go
index bed28ec..418bd93 100644
--- a/rust/rust_test.go
+++ b/rust/rust_test.go
@@ -149,6 +149,11 @@
 			srcs: ["foo.rs"],
 			crate_name: "static",
 		}
+		rust_ffi_host_static {
+			name: "libwholestatic",
+			srcs: ["foo.rs"],
+			crate_name: "wholestatic",
+		}
 		rust_ffi_host_shared {
 			name: "libshared",
 			srcs: ["foo.rs"],
@@ -164,6 +169,7 @@
 			srcs: ["foo.rs"],
 			crate_name: "rlib",
 			static_libs: ["libstatic"],
+			whole_static_libs: ["libwholestatic"],
 		}
 		rust_proc_macro {
 			name: "libpm",
@@ -204,8 +210,8 @@
 		t.Errorf("Static library dependency not detected (dependency missing from AndroidMkStaticLibs)")
 	}
 
-	if !strings.Contains(rustc.Args["rustcFlags"], "-lstatic=static") {
-		t.Errorf("-lstatic flag not being passed to rustc for static library")
+	if !strings.Contains(rustc.Args["rustcFlags"], "-lstatic=wholestatic") {
+		t.Errorf("-lstatic flag not being passed to rustc for static library %#v", rustc.Args["rustcFlags"])
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/scripts/construct_context.py b/scripts/construct_context.py
index 6f9edc4..f0658ba 100755
--- a/scripts/construct_context.py
+++ b/scripts/construct_context.py
@@ -66,9 +66,9 @@
     if not args.sdk:
       raise SystemExit('target sdk version is not set')
     if not args.host_contexts:
-      raise SystemExit('host context is not set')
+      args.host_contexts = []
     if not args.target_contexts:
-      raise SystemExit('target context is not set')
+      args.target_contexts = []
 
     print(construct_contexts(args))
 
diff --git a/sdk/cc_sdk_test.go b/sdk/cc_sdk_test.go
index 9626a04..a886a18 100644
--- a/sdk/cc_sdk_test.go
+++ b/sdk/cc_sdk_test.go
@@ -486,6 +486,9 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
+	// TODO(b/183322862): Remove this and fix the issue.
+	errorHandler := android.FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(`module source path "snapshot/include_gen/generated_foo/gen/protos" does not exist`)
+
 	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
@@ -518,6 +521,9 @@
 .intermediates/mynativelib/android_arm64_armv8-a_shared/mynativelib.so -> arm64/lib/mynativelib.so
 .intermediates/mynativelib/android_arm_armv7-a-neon_shared/mynativelib.so -> arm/lib/mynativelib.so
 `),
+		snapshotTestErrorHandler(checkSnapshotWithoutSource, errorHandler),
+		snapshotTestErrorHandler(checkSnapshotWithSourcePreferred, errorHandler),
+		snapshotTestErrorHandler(checkSnapshotPreferredWithSource, errorHandler),
 	)
 }
 
@@ -1816,7 +1822,10 @@
 .intermediates/mynativelib/android_arm64_armv8-a_static/mynativelib.a -> arm64/lib/mynativelib.a
 .intermediates/mynativelib/android_arm64_armv8-a_shared/mynativelib.so -> arm64/lib/mynativelib.so
 .intermediates/mynativelib/android_arm_armv7-a-neon_static/mynativelib.a -> arm/lib/mynativelib.a
-.intermediates/mynativelib/android_arm_armv7-a-neon_shared/mynativelib.so -> arm/lib/mynativelib.so`),
+.intermediates/mynativelib/android_arm_armv7-a-neon_shared/mynativelib.so -> arm/lib/mynativelib.so
+`),
+		// TODO(b/183315522): Remove this and fix the issue.
+		snapshotTestErrorHandler(checkSnapshotPreferredWithSource, android.FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(`\Qunrecognized property "arch.arm.shared.export_include_dirs"\E`)),
 	)
 }
 
@@ -2664,6 +2673,11 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
+	// Mixing the snapshot with the source (irrespective of which one is preferred) causes a problem
+	// due to missing variants.
+	// TODO(b/183204176): Remove this and fix the cause.
+	snapshotWithSourceErrorHandler := android.FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(`\QReplaceDependencies could not find identical variant {os:android,image:,arch:arm64_armv8-a,sdk:,link:shared,version:} for module mynativelib\E`)
+
 	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
@@ -2688,6 +2702,9 @@
 		checkAllCopyRules(`
 myinclude/Test.h -> include/myinclude/Test.h
 arm64/include/Arm64Test.h -> arm64/include/arm64/include/Arm64Test.h
-.intermediates/mynativelib/android_arm_armv7-a-neon_shared/mynativelib.so -> arm/lib/mynativelib.so`),
+.intermediates/mynativelib/android_arm_armv7-a-neon_shared/mynativelib.so -> arm/lib/mynativelib.so
+`),
+		snapshotTestErrorHandler(checkSnapshotWithSourcePreferred, snapshotWithSourceErrorHandler),
+		snapshotTestErrorHandler(checkSnapshotPreferredWithSource, snapshotWithSourceErrorHandler),
 	)
 }
diff --git a/sdk/compat_config_sdk_test.go b/sdk/compat_config_sdk_test.go
index dffc02a..00073c2 100644
--- a/sdk/compat_config_sdk_test.go
+++ b/sdk/compat_config_sdk_test.go
@@ -66,5 +66,26 @@
 		checkAllCopyRules(`
 .intermediates/myconfig/android_common/myconfig_meta.xml -> compat_configs/myconfig/myconfig_meta.xml
 `),
+		snapshotTestChecker(checkSnapshotWithoutSource,
+			func(t *testing.T, result *android.TestResult) {
+				// Make sure that the snapshot metadata is collated by the platform compat config singleton.
+				java.CheckMergedCompatConfigInputs(t, result, "snapshot module", "snapshot/compat_configs/myconfig/myconfig_meta.xml")
+			}),
+
+		snapshotTestChecker(checkSnapshotWithSourcePreferred,
+			func(t *testing.T, result *android.TestResult) {
+				// Make sure that the snapshot metadata is collated by the platform compat config singleton.
+				java.CheckMergedCompatConfigInputs(t, result, "snapshot module",
+					"out/soong/.intermediates/myconfig/android_common/myconfig_meta.xml",
+				)
+			}),
+
+		snapshotTestChecker(checkSnapshotPreferredWithSource,
+			func(t *testing.T, result *android.TestResult) {
+				// Make sure that the snapshot metadata is collated by the platform compat config singleton.
+				java.CheckMergedCompatConfigInputs(t, result, "snapshot module",
+					"snapshot/compat_configs/myconfig/myconfig_meta.xml",
+				)
+			}),
 	)
 }
diff --git a/sdk/java_sdk_test.go b/sdk/java_sdk_test.go
index fa0eb3f..208cd58 100644
--- a/sdk/java_sdk_test.go
+++ b/sdk/java_sdk_test.go
@@ -24,6 +24,16 @@
 var prepareForSdkTestWithJava = android.GroupFixturePreparers(
 	java.PrepareForTestWithJavaBuildComponents,
 	PrepareForTestWithSdkBuildComponents,
+
+	// Ensure that all source paths are provided. This helps ensure that the snapshot generation is
+	// consistent and all files referenced from the snapshot's Android.bp file have actually been
+	// copied into the snapshot.
+	android.PrepareForTestDisallowNonExistentPaths,
+
+	// Files needs by most of the tests.
+	android.MockFS{
+		"Test.java": nil,
+	}.AddToFixture(),
 )
 
 var prepareForSdkTestWithJavaSdkLibrary = android.GroupFixturePreparers(
@@ -48,42 +58,17 @@
 			system_modules: "none",
 			sdk_version: "none",
 		}
-
-		java_import {
-			name: "sdkmember",
-			prefer: true,
-			jars: ["prebuilt.jar"],
-		}
 	`)
 
 	// Make sure that the mysdk module depends on "sdkmember" and not "prebuilt_sdkmember".
-	java.CheckModuleDependencies(t, result.TestContext, "mysdk", "android_common", []string{"sdkmember"})
+	sdkChecker := func(t *testing.T, result *android.TestResult) {
+		java.CheckModuleDependencies(t, result.TestContext, "mysdk", "android_common", []string{"sdkmember"})
+	}
 
 	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
-		checkAndroidBpContents(`// This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
-
-java_import {
-    name: "mysdk_sdkmember@current",
-    sdk_member_name: "sdkmember",
-    visibility: ["//visibility:public"],
-    apex_available: ["//apex_available:platform"],
-    jars: ["java/sdkmember.jar"],
-}
-
-java_import {
-    name: "sdkmember",
-    prefer: false,
-    visibility: ["//visibility:public"],
-    apex_available: ["//apex_available:platform"],
-    jars: ["java/sdkmember.jar"],
-}
-
-sdk_snapshot {
-    name: "mysdk@current",
-    visibility: ["//visibility:public"],
-    java_header_libs: ["mysdk_sdkmember@current"],
-}
-`))
+		snapshotTestChecker(checkSnapshotWithSourcePreferred, sdkChecker),
+		snapshotTestChecker(checkSnapshotPreferredWithSource, sdkChecker),
+	)
 }
 
 func TestBasicSdkWithJavaLibrary(t *testing.T) {
@@ -364,6 +349,7 @@
 	result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
 		prepareForSdkTestWithJava,
 		android.FixtureAddFile("aidl/foo/bar/Test.aidl", nil),
+		android.FixtureAddFile("resource.txt", nil),
 	).RunTestWithBp(t, `
 		module_exports {
 			name: "myexports",
@@ -419,7 +405,11 @@
 }
 
 func TestSnapshotWithJavaBootLibrary(t *testing.T) {
-	result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(prepareForSdkTestWithJava).RunTestWithBp(t, `
+	result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		prepareForSdkTestWithJava,
+		android.FixtureAddFile("aidl", nil),
+		android.FixtureAddFile("resource.txt", nil),
+	).RunTestWithBp(t, `
 		module_exports {
 			name: "myexports",
 			java_boot_libs: ["myjavalib"],
@@ -1049,14 +1039,14 @@
 `),
 		checkAllCopyRules(`
 .intermediates/myjavalib.stubs/android_common/javac/myjavalib.stubs.jar -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib-stubs.jar
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source_api.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib.txt
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source_removed.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib-removed.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source_api.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source_removed.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib-removed.txt
 .intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.system/android_common/javac/myjavalib.stubs.system.jar -> sdk_library/system/myjavalib-stubs.jar
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source.system/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source.system_api.txt -> sdk_library/system/myjavalib.txt
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source.system/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source.system_removed.txt -> sdk_library/system/myjavalib-removed.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source.system/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source.system_api.txt -> sdk_library/system/myjavalib.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source.system/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source.system_removed.txt -> sdk_library/system/myjavalib-removed.txt
 .intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.test/android_common/javac/myjavalib.stubs.test.jar -> sdk_library/test/myjavalib-stubs.jar
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source.test/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source.test_api.txt -> sdk_library/test/myjavalib.txt
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source.test/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source.test_removed.txt -> sdk_library/test/myjavalib-removed.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source.test/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source.test_api.txt -> sdk_library/test/myjavalib.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source.test/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source.test_removed.txt -> sdk_library/test/myjavalib-removed.txt
 `),
 		checkMergeZips(
 			".intermediates/mysdk/common_os/tmp/sdk_library/public/myjavalib_stub_sources.zip",
@@ -1122,8 +1112,8 @@
 `),
 		checkAllCopyRules(`
 .intermediates/myjavalib.stubs/android_common/javac/myjavalib.stubs.jar -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib-stubs.jar
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source_api.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib.txt
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source_removed.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib-removed.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source_api.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source_removed.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib-removed.txt
 `),
 		checkMergeZips(
 			".intermediates/mysdk/common_os/tmp/sdk_library/public/myjavalib_stub_sources.zip",
@@ -1191,8 +1181,8 @@
 `),
 		checkAllCopyRules(`
 .intermediates/myjavalib.stubs/android_common/javac/myjavalib.stubs.jar -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib-stubs.jar
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source_api.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib.txt
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source_removed.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib-removed.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source_api.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source_removed.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib-removed.txt
 `),
 		checkMergeZips(
 			".intermediates/mysdk/common_os/tmp/sdk_library/public/myjavalib_stub_sources.zip",
@@ -1277,11 +1267,11 @@
 `),
 		checkAllCopyRules(`
 .intermediates/myjavalib.stubs/android_common/javac/myjavalib.stubs.jar -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib-stubs.jar
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source_api.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib.txt
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source_removed.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib-removed.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source_api.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source_removed.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib-removed.txt
 .intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.system/android_common/javac/myjavalib.stubs.system.jar -> sdk_library/system/myjavalib-stubs.jar
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source.system/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source.system_api.txt -> sdk_library/system/myjavalib.txt
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source.system/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source.system_removed.txt -> sdk_library/system/myjavalib-removed.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source.system/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source.system_api.txt -> sdk_library/system/myjavalib.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source.system/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source.system_removed.txt -> sdk_library/system/myjavalib-removed.txt
 `),
 		checkMergeZips(
 			".intermediates/mysdk/common_os/tmp/sdk_library/public/myjavalib_stub_sources.zip",
@@ -1384,14 +1374,14 @@
 `),
 		checkAllCopyRules(`
 .intermediates/myjavalib.stubs/android_common/javac/myjavalib.stubs.jar -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib-stubs.jar
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source_api.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib.txt
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source_removed.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib-removed.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source_api.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source_removed.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib-removed.txt
 .intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.system/android_common/javac/myjavalib.stubs.system.jar -> sdk_library/system/myjavalib-stubs.jar
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source.system/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source.system_api.txt -> sdk_library/system/myjavalib.txt
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source.system/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source.system_removed.txt -> sdk_library/system/myjavalib-removed.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source.system/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source.system_api.txt -> sdk_library/system/myjavalib.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source.system/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source.system_removed.txt -> sdk_library/system/myjavalib-removed.txt
 .intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.module_lib/android_common/javac/myjavalib.stubs.module_lib.jar -> sdk_library/module-lib/myjavalib-stubs.jar
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source.module_lib/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source.module_lib_api.txt -> sdk_library/module-lib/myjavalib.txt
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source.module_lib/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source.module_lib_removed.txt -> sdk_library/module-lib/myjavalib-removed.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source.module_lib/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source.module_lib_api.txt -> sdk_library/module-lib/myjavalib.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source.module_lib/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source.module_lib_removed.txt -> sdk_library/module-lib/myjavalib-removed.txt
 `),
 		checkMergeZips(
 			".intermediates/mysdk/common_os/tmp/sdk_library/public/myjavalib_stub_sources.zip",
@@ -1478,11 +1468,11 @@
 `),
 		checkAllCopyRules(`
 .intermediates/myjavalib.stubs/android_common/javac/myjavalib.stubs.jar -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib-stubs.jar
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source_api.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib.txt
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source_removed.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib-removed.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source_api.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source_removed.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib-removed.txt
 .intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.system_server/android_common/javac/myjavalib.stubs.system_server.jar -> sdk_library/system-server/myjavalib-stubs.jar
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source.system_server/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source.system_server_api.txt -> sdk_library/system-server/myjavalib.txt
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source.system_server/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source.system_server_removed.txt -> sdk_library/system-server/myjavalib-removed.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source.system_server/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source.system_server_api.txt -> sdk_library/system-server/myjavalib.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source.system_server/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source.system_server_removed.txt -> sdk_library/system-server/myjavalib-removed.txt
 `),
 		checkMergeZips(
 			".intermediates/mysdk/common_os/tmp/sdk_library/public/myjavalib_stub_sources.zip",
@@ -1554,8 +1544,8 @@
 `),
 		checkAllCopyRules(`
 .intermediates/myjavalib.stubs/android_common/javac/myjavalib.stubs.jar -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib-stubs.jar
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source_api.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib.txt
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source_removed.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib-removed.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source_api.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source_removed.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib-removed.txt
 `),
 		checkMergeZips(
 			".intermediates/mysdk/common_os/tmp/sdk_library/public/myjavalib_stub_sources.zip",
@@ -1564,7 +1554,10 @@
 }
 
 func TestSnapshotWithJavaSdkLibrary_DoctagFiles(t *testing.T) {
-	result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(prepareForSdkTestWithJavaSdkLibrary).RunTestWithBp(t, `
+	result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		prepareForSdkTestWithJavaSdkLibrary,
+		android.FixtureAddFile("docs/known_doctags", nil),
+	).RunTestWithBp(t, `
 		sdk {
 			name: "mysdk",
 			java_sdk_libs: ["myjavalib"],
@@ -1630,8 +1623,8 @@
 `),
 		checkAllCopyRules(`
 .intermediates/myjavalib.stubs/android_common/javac/myjavalib.stubs.jar -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib-stubs.jar
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source_api.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib.txt
-.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/myjavalib.stubs.source_removed.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib-removed.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source_api.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib.txt
+.intermediates/myjavalib.stubs.source/android_common/metalava/myjavalib.stubs.source_removed.txt -> sdk_library/public/myjavalib-removed.txt
 docs/known_doctags -> doctags/docs/known_doctags
 `),
 	)
diff --git a/sdk/sdk.go b/sdk/sdk.go
index e561529..b60fb18 100644
--- a/sdk/sdk.go
+++ b/sdk/sdk.go
@@ -486,6 +486,15 @@
 			// sdk containing sdkmember.
 			memberName := versionedSdkMember.MemberName()
 
+			// Convert a panic into a normal error to allow it to be more easily tested for. This is a
+			// temporary workaround, once http://b/183204176 has been fixed this can be removed.
+			// TODO(b/183204176): Remove this after fixing.
+			defer func() {
+				if r := recover(); r != nil {
+					mctx.ModuleErrorf("%s", r)
+				}
+			}()
+
 			// Replace dependencies on sdkmember with a dependency on the current module which
 			// is a versioned prebuilt of the sdkmember if required.
 			mctx.ReplaceDependenciesIf(memberName, func(from blueprint.Module, tag blueprint.DependencyTag, to blueprint.Module) bool {
diff --git a/sdk/testing.go b/sdk/testing.go
index ba40f67..44970f7 100644
--- a/sdk/testing.go
+++ b/sdk/testing.go
@@ -48,10 +48,10 @@
 		"system/sepolicy/apex/myapex-file_contexts":    nil,
 		"system/sepolicy/apex/myapex2-file_contexts":   nil,
 		"system/sepolicy/apex/mysdkapex-file_contexts": nil,
-		"myapex.avbpubkey":                             nil,
-		"myapex.pem":                                   nil,
-		"myapex.x509.pem":                              nil,
-		"myapex.pk8":                                   nil,
+		"sdk/tests/myapex.avbpubkey":                   nil,
+		"sdk/tests/myapex.pem":                         nil,
+		"sdk/tests/myapex.x509.pem":                    nil,
+		"sdk/tests/myapex.pk8":                         nil,
 	}),
 )
 
@@ -80,6 +80,12 @@
 			{android.Windows, android.Arch{ArchType: android.X86_64}, android.NativeBridgeDisabled, "", "", true},
 		}
 	}),
+
+	// Make sure that every test provides all the source files.
+	android.PrepareForTestDisallowNonExistentPaths,
+	android.MockFS{
+		"Test.java": nil,
+	}.AddToFixture(),
 )
 
 var PrepareForTestWithSdkBuildComponents = android.GroupFixturePreparers(
@@ -125,6 +131,7 @@
 		androidBpContents:            sdk.GetAndroidBpContentsForTests(),
 		androidUnversionedBpContents: sdk.GetUnversionedAndroidBpContentsForTests(),
 		androidVersionedBpContents:   sdk.GetVersionedAndroidBpContentsForTests(),
+		snapshotTestCustomizations:   map[snapshotTest]*snapshotTestCustomization{},
 	}
 
 	buildParams := sdk.BuildParamsForTests()
@@ -183,6 +190,24 @@
 	return info
 }
 
+// The enum of different sdk snapshot tests performed by CheckSnapshot.
+type snapshotTest int
+
+const (
+	// The enumeration of the different test configurations.
+	// A test with the snapshot/Android.bp file but without the original Android.bp file.
+	checkSnapshotWithoutSource snapshotTest = iota
+
+	// A test with both the original source and the snapshot, with the source preferred.
+	checkSnapshotWithSourcePreferred
+
+	// A test with both the original source and the snapshot, with the snapshot preferred.
+	checkSnapshotPreferredWithSource
+
+	// The directory into which the snapshot will be 'unpacked'.
+	snapshotSubDir = "snapshot"
+)
+
 // Check the snapshot build rules.
 //
 // Takes a list of functions which check different facets of the snapshot build rules.
@@ -214,31 +239,58 @@
 	// Populate a mock filesystem with the files that would have been copied by
 	// the rules.
 	fs := android.MockFS{}
-	snapshotSubDir := "snapshot"
 	for _, dest := range snapshotBuildInfo.snapshotContents {
 		fs[filepath.Join(snapshotSubDir, dest)] = nil
 	}
 	fs[filepath.Join(snapshotSubDir, "Android.bp")] = []byte(snapshotBuildInfo.androidBpContents)
 
-	preparer := result.Preparer()
+	// The preparers from the original source fixture.
+	sourcePreparers := result.Preparer()
 
-	// Process the generated bp file to make sure it is valid. Use the same preparer as was used to
-	// produce this result.
+	// Preparer to combine the snapshot and the source.
+	snapshotPreparer := android.GroupFixturePreparers(sourcePreparers, fs.AddToFixture())
+
+	var runSnapshotTestWithCheckers = func(t *testing.T, testConfig snapshotTest, extraPreparer android.FixturePreparer) {
+		customization := snapshotBuildInfo.snapshotTestCustomization(testConfig)
+
+		// TODO(b/183184375): Set Config.TestAllowNonExistentPaths = false to verify that all the
+		//  files the snapshot needs are actually copied into the snapshot.
+
+		// Run the snapshot with the snapshot preparer and the extra preparer, which must come after as
+		// it may need to modify parts of the MockFS populated by the snapshot preparer.
+		result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(snapshotPreparer, extraPreparer).
+			ExtendWithErrorHandler(customization.errorHandler).
+			RunTest(t)
+
+		// Perform any additional checks the test need on the result of processing the snapshot.
+		for _, checker := range customization.checkers {
+			checker(t, result)
+		}
+	}
+
 	t.Run("snapshot without source", func(t *testing.T) {
-		android.GroupFixturePreparers(
-			preparer,
-			// TODO(b/183184375): Set Config.TestAllowNonExistentPaths = false to verify that all the
-			//  files the snapshot needs are actually copied into the snapshot.
+		// Remove the source Android.bp file to make sure it works without.
+		removeSourceAndroidBp := android.FixtureModifyMockFS(func(fs android.MockFS) {
+			delete(fs, "Android.bp")
+		})
 
-			// Add the files (including bp) created for this snapshot to the test fixture.
-			fs.AddToFixture(),
+		runSnapshotTestWithCheckers(t, checkSnapshotWithoutSource, removeSourceAndroidBp)
+	})
 
-			// Remove the source Android.bp file to make sure it works without.
-			// TODO(b/183184375): Add a test with the source.
-			android.FixtureModifyMockFS(func(fs android.MockFS) {
-				delete(fs, "Android.bp")
-			}),
-		).RunTest(t)
+	t.Run("snapshot with source preferred", func(t *testing.T) {
+		runSnapshotTestWithCheckers(t, checkSnapshotWithSourcePreferred, android.NullFixturePreparer)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("snapshot preferred with source", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Replace the snapshot/Android.bp file with one where "prefer: false," has been replaced with
+		// "prefer: true,"
+		preferPrebuilts := android.FixtureModifyMockFS(func(fs android.MockFS) {
+			snapshotBpFile := filepath.Join(snapshotSubDir, "Android.bp")
+			unpreferred := string(fs[snapshotBpFile])
+			fs[snapshotBpFile] = []byte(strings.ReplaceAll(unpreferred, "prefer: false,", "prefer: true,"))
+		})
+
+		runSnapshotTestWithCheckers(t, checkSnapshotPreferredWithSource, preferPrebuilts)
 	})
 }
 
@@ -312,6 +364,46 @@
 	}
 }
 
+type resultChecker func(t *testing.T, result *android.TestResult)
+
+// snapshotTestChecker registers a checker that will be run against the result of processing the
+// generated snapshot for the specified snapshotTest.
+func snapshotTestChecker(snapshotTest snapshotTest, checker resultChecker) snapshotBuildInfoChecker {
+	return func(info *snapshotBuildInfo) {
+		customization := info.snapshotTestCustomization(snapshotTest)
+		customization.checkers = append(customization.checkers, checker)
+	}
+}
+
+// snapshotTestErrorHandler registers an error handler to use when processing the snapshot
+// in the specific test case.
+//
+// Generally, the snapshot should work with all the test cases but some do not and just in case
+// there are a lot of issues to resolve, or it will take a lot of time this is a
+// get-out-of-jail-free card that allows progress to be made.
+//
+// deprecated: should only be used as a temporary workaround with an attached to do and bug.
+func snapshotTestErrorHandler(snapshotTest snapshotTest, handler android.FixtureErrorHandler) snapshotBuildInfoChecker {
+	return func(info *snapshotBuildInfo) {
+		customization := info.snapshotTestCustomization(snapshotTest)
+		customization.errorHandler = handler
+	}
+}
+
+// Encapsulates information provided by each test to customize a specific snapshotTest.
+type snapshotTestCustomization struct {
+	// Checkers that are run on the result of processing the preferred snapshot in a specific test
+	// case.
+	checkers []resultChecker
+
+	// Specify an error handler for when processing a specific test case.
+	//
+	// In some cases the generated snapshot cannot be used in a test configuration. Those cases are
+	// invariably bugs that need to be resolved but sometimes that can take a while. This provides a
+	// mechanism to temporarily ignore that error.
+	errorHandler android.FixtureErrorHandler
+}
+
 // Encapsulates information about the snapshot build structure in order to insulate tests from
 // knowing too much about internal structures.
 //
@@ -355,4 +447,21 @@
 
 	// The final output zip.
 	outputZip string
+
+	// The test specific customizations for each snapshot test.
+	snapshotTestCustomizations map[snapshotTest]*snapshotTestCustomization
+}
+
+// snapshotTestCustomization gets the test specific customization for the specified snapshotTest.
+//
+// If no customization was created previously then it creates a default customization.
+func (i *snapshotBuildInfo) snapshotTestCustomization(snapshotTest snapshotTest) *snapshotTestCustomization {
+	customization := i.snapshotTestCustomizations[snapshotTest]
+	if customization == nil {
+		customization = &snapshotTestCustomization{
+			errorHandler: android.FixtureExpectsNoErrors,
+		}
+		i.snapshotTestCustomizations[snapshotTest] = customization
+	}
+	return customization
 }
diff --git a/zip/Android.bp b/zip/Android.bp
index b28adbd..14541eb 100644
--- a/zip/Android.bp
+++ b/zip/Android.bp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
         "android-archive-zip",
         "blueprint-pathtools",
         "soong-jar",
+        "soong-response",
     ],
     srcs: [
         "zip.go",
diff --git a/zip/cmd/main.go b/zip/cmd/main.go
index fc976f6..cbc73ed 100644
--- a/zip/cmd/main.go
+++ b/zip/cmd/main.go
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 import (
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
 	"runtime/pprof"
@@ -32,6 +31,7 @@
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
+	"android/soong/response"
 	"android/soong/zip"
 )
 
@@ -125,12 +125,18 @@
 	var expandedArgs []string
 	for _, arg := range os.Args {
 		if strings.HasPrefix(arg, "@") {
-			bytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile(strings.TrimPrefix(arg, "@"))
+			f, err := os.Open(strings.TrimPrefix(arg, "@"))
 			if err != nil {
 				fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err.Error())
 				os.Exit(1)
 			}
-			respArgs := zip.ReadRespFile(bytes)
+
+			respArgs, err := response.ReadRspFile(f)
+			f.Close()
+			if err != nil {
+				fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err.Error())
+				os.Exit(1)
+			}
 			expandedArgs = append(expandedArgs, respArgs...)
 		} else {
 			expandedArgs = append(expandedArgs, arg)
diff --git a/zip/zip.go b/zip/zip.go
index 088ed0d..a6490d4 100644
--- a/zip/zip.go
+++ b/zip/zip.go
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@
 	"sync"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
-	"unicode"
+
+	"android/soong/response"
 
 	"github.com/google/blueprint/pathtools"
 
@@ -164,14 +165,12 @@
 	}
 	defer f.Close()
 
-	list, err := ioutil.ReadAll(f)
+	arg := b.state
+	arg.SourceFiles, err = response.ReadRspFile(f)
 	if err != nil {
 		b.err = err
 		return b
 	}
-
-	arg := b.state
-	arg.SourceFiles = ReadRespFile(list)
 	for i := range arg.SourceFiles {
 		arg.SourceFiles[i] = pathtools.MatchEscape(arg.SourceFiles[i])
 	}
@@ -253,49 +252,6 @@
 	Filesystem pathtools.FileSystem
 }
 
-const NOQUOTE = '\x00'
-
-func ReadRespFile(bytes []byte) []string {
-	var args []string
-	var arg []rune
-
-	isEscaping := false
-	quotingStart := NOQUOTE
-	for _, c := range string(bytes) {
-		switch {
-		case isEscaping:
-			if quotingStart == '"' {
-				if !(c == '"' || c == '\\') {
-					// '\"' or '\\' will be escaped under double quoting.
-					arg = append(arg, '\\')
-				}
-			}
-			arg = append(arg, c)
-			isEscaping = false
-		case c == '\\' && quotingStart != '\'':
-			isEscaping = true
-		case quotingStart == NOQUOTE && (c == '\'' || c == '"'):
-			quotingStart = c
-		case quotingStart != NOQUOTE && c == quotingStart:
-			quotingStart = NOQUOTE
-		case quotingStart == NOQUOTE && unicode.IsSpace(c):
-			// Current character is a space outside quotes
-			if len(arg) != 0 {
-				args = append(args, string(arg))
-			}
-			arg = arg[:0]
-		default:
-			arg = append(arg, c)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(arg) != 0 {
-		args = append(args, string(arg))
-	}
-
-	return args
-}
-
 func zipTo(args ZipArgs, w io.Writer) error {
 	if args.EmulateJar {
 		args.AddDirectoryEntriesToZip = true
diff --git a/zip/zip_test.go b/zip/zip_test.go
index b456ef8..a37ae41 100644
--- a/zip/zip_test.go
+++ b/zip/zip_test.go
@@ -535,78 +535,6 @@
 	}
 }
 
-func TestReadRespFile(t *testing.T) {
-	testCases := []struct {
-		name, in string
-		out      []string
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "single quoting test case 1",
-			in:   `./cmd '"'-C`,
-			out:  []string{"./cmd", `"-C`},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "single quoting test case 2",
-			in:   `./cmd '-C`,
-			out:  []string{"./cmd", `-C`},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "single quoting test case 3",
-			in:   `./cmd '\"'-C`,
-			out:  []string{"./cmd", `\"-C`},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "single quoting test case 4",
-			in:   `./cmd '\\'-C`,
-			out:  []string{"./cmd", `\\-C`},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "none quoting test case 1",
-			in:   `./cmd \'-C`,
-			out:  []string{"./cmd", `'-C`},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "none quoting test case 2",
-			in:   `./cmd \\-C`,
-			out:  []string{"./cmd", `\-C`},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "none quoting test case 3",
-			in:   `./cmd \"-C`,
-			out:  []string{"./cmd", `"-C`},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "double quoting test case 1",
-			in:   `./cmd "'"-C`,
-			out:  []string{"./cmd", `'-C`},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "double quoting test case 2",
-			in:   `./cmd "\\"-C`,
-			out:  []string{"./cmd", `\-C`},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "double quoting test case 3",
-			in:   `./cmd "\""-C`,
-			out:  []string{"./cmd", `"-C`},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "ninja rsp file",
-			in:   "'a'\nb\n'@'\n'foo'\\''bar'\n'foo\"bar'",
-			out:  []string{"a", "b", "@", "foo'bar", `foo"bar`},
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, testCase := range testCases {
-		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got := ReadRespFile([]byte(testCase.in))
-			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, testCase.out) {
-				t.Errorf("expected %q got %q", testCase.out, got)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 func TestSrcJar(t *testing.T) {
 	mockFs := pathtools.MockFs(map[string][]byte{
 		"wrong_package.java":       []byte("package foo;"),