diff --git a/Android.bp b/Android.bp
index 42b7d83..9763622 100644
--- a/Android.bp
+++ b/Android.bp
@@ -175,6 +175,7 @@
     // Currently, only microdroid, Ravenwood, and cf system image can refer to system-build.prop
     visibility: [
         "//build/make/target/product/generic",
+        "//build/make/target/product/gsi",
         "//packages/modules/Virtualization/build/microdroid",
         "//frameworks/base/ravenwood",
     ],
@@ -186,7 +187,7 @@
     system_ext_specific: true,
     product_config: ":product_config",
     relative_install_path: "etc", // system_ext/etc/build.prop
-    visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
+    visibility: ["//build/make/target/product/gsi"],
 }
 
 build_prop {
@@ -195,7 +196,7 @@
     product_specific: true,
     product_config: ":product_config",
     relative_install_path: "etc", // product/etc/build.prop
-    visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
+    visibility: ["//build/make/target/product/gsi"],
 }
 
 build_prop {
diff --git a/android/base_module_context.go b/android/base_module_context.go
index 060fae5..719d6d5 100644
--- a/android/base_module_context.go
+++ b/android/base_module_context.go
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@
 	// GetDirectDepWithTag returns the Module the direct dependency with the specified name, or nil if
 	// none exists.  It panics if the dependency does not have the specified tag.  It skips any
 	// dependencies that are not an android.Module.
-	GetDirectDepWithTag(name string, tag blueprint.DependencyTag) blueprint.Module
+	GetDirectDepWithTag(name string, tag blueprint.DependencyTag) Module
 
 	// GetDirectDep returns the Module and DependencyTag for the direct dependency with the specified
 	// name, or nil if none exists.  If there are multiple dependencies on the same module it returns
@@ -129,13 +129,14 @@
 	// function, it may be invalidated by future mutators.
 	VisitDirectDeps(visit func(Module))
 
-	// VisitDirectDeps calls visit for each direct dependency.  If there are multiple
+	// VisitDirectDepsProxy calls visit for each direct dependency.  If there are multiple
 	// direct dependencies on the same module visit will be called multiple times on that module
-	// and OtherModuleDependencyTag will return a different tag for each.
+	// and OtherModuleDependencyTag will return a different tag for each. It raises an error if any of the
+	// dependencies are disabled.
 	//
-	// The Module passed to the visit function should not be retained outside of the visit
+	// The ModuleProxy passed to the visit function should not be retained outside of the visit
 	// function, it may be invalidated by future mutators.
-	VisitDirectDepsAllowDisabled(visit func(Module))
+	VisitDirectDepsProxy(visit func(proxy ModuleProxy))
 
 	// VisitDirectDepsProxyAllowDisabled calls visit for each direct dependency.  If there are
 	// multiple direct dependencies on the same module visit will be called multiple times on
@@ -261,7 +262,9 @@
 func (b *baseModuleContext) OtherModuleName(m blueprint.Module) string {
 	return b.bp.OtherModuleName(getWrappedModule(m))
 }
-func (b *baseModuleContext) OtherModuleDir(m blueprint.Module) string { return b.bp.OtherModuleDir(m) }
+func (b *baseModuleContext) OtherModuleDir(m blueprint.Module) string {
+	return b.bp.OtherModuleDir(getWrappedModule(m))
+}
 func (b *baseModuleContext) OtherModuleErrorf(m blueprint.Module, fmt string, args ...interface{}) {
 	b.bp.OtherModuleErrorf(m, fmt, args...)
 }
@@ -298,8 +301,11 @@
 	b.bp.SetProvider(provider, value)
 }
 
-func (b *baseModuleContext) GetDirectDepWithTag(name string, tag blueprint.DependencyTag) blueprint.Module {
-	return b.bp.GetDirectDepWithTag(name, tag)
+func (b *baseModuleContext) GetDirectDepWithTag(name string, tag blueprint.DependencyTag) Module {
+	if module := b.bp.GetDirectDepWithTag(name, tag); module != nil {
+		return module.(Module)
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (b *baseModuleContext) blueprintBaseModuleContext() blueprint.BaseModuleContext {
@@ -464,18 +470,16 @@
 	})
 }
 
-func (b *baseModuleContext) VisitDirectDepsAllowDisabled(visit func(Module)) {
-	b.bp.VisitDirectDeps(func(module blueprint.Module) {
-		visit(module.(Module))
+func (b *baseModuleContext) VisitDirectDepsProxy(visit func(ModuleProxy)) {
+	b.bp.VisitDirectDepsProxy(func(module blueprint.ModuleProxy) {
+		if aModule := b.validateAndroidModuleProxy(module, b.bp.OtherModuleDependencyTag(module), b.strictVisitDeps); aModule != nil {
+			visit(*aModule)
+		}
 	})
 }
 
 func (b *baseModuleContext) VisitDirectDepsProxyAllowDisabled(visit func(proxy ModuleProxy)) {
-	b.bp.VisitDirectDepsProxy(func(module blueprint.ModuleProxy) {
-		visit(ModuleProxy{
-			module: module,
-		})
-	})
+	b.bp.VisitDirectDepsProxy(visitProxyAdaptor(visit))
 }
 
 func (b *baseModuleContext) VisitDirectDepsWithTag(tag blueprint.DependencyTag, visit func(Module)) {
diff --git a/android/module.go b/android/module.go
index 3b30c11..fba989f 100644
--- a/android/module.go
+++ b/android/module.go
@@ -1834,6 +1834,12 @@
 
 var InstallFilesProvider = blueprint.NewProvider[InstallFilesInfo]()
 
+type SourceFilesInfo struct {
+	Srcs Paths
+}
+
+var SourceFilesInfoKey = blueprint.NewProvider[SourceFilesInfo]()
+
 type FinalModuleBuildTargetsInfo struct {
 	// Used by buildTargetSingleton to create checkbuild and per-directory build targets
 	// Only set on the final variant of each module
@@ -2038,6 +2044,10 @@
 		ctx.GetMissingDependencies()
 	}
 
+	if sourceFileProducer, ok := m.module.(SourceFileProducer); ok {
+		SetProvider(ctx, SourceFilesInfoKey, SourceFilesInfo{Srcs: sourceFileProducer.Srcs()})
+	}
+
 	if ctx.IsFinalModule(m.module) {
 		m.generateModuleTarget(ctx)
 		if ctx.Failed() {
@@ -2634,7 +2644,7 @@
 
 // OutputFilesForModule returns the output file paths with the given tag. On error, including if the
 // module produced zero paths, it reports errors to the ctx and returns nil.
-func OutputFilesForModule(ctx PathContext, module blueprint.Module, tag string) Paths {
+func OutputFilesForModule(ctx PathContext, module Module, tag string) Paths {
 	paths, err := outputFilesForModule(ctx, module, tag)
 	if err != nil {
 		reportPathError(ctx, err)
@@ -2645,7 +2655,7 @@
 
 // OutputFileForModule returns the output file paths with the given tag.  On error, including if the
 // module produced zero or multiple paths, it reports errors to the ctx and returns nil.
-func OutputFileForModule(ctx PathContext, module blueprint.Module, tag string) Path {
+func OutputFileForModule(ctx PathContext, module Module, tag string) Path {
 	paths, err := outputFilesForModule(ctx, module, tag)
 	if err != nil {
 		reportPathError(ctx, err)
@@ -2678,20 +2688,34 @@
 	return paths[0]
 }
 
-func outputFilesForModule(ctx PathContext, module blueprint.Module, tag string) (Paths, error) {
+type OutputFilesProviderModuleContext interface {
+	OtherModuleProviderContext
+	Module() Module
+	GetOutputFiles() OutputFilesInfo
+	EqualModules(m1, m2 Module) bool
+}
+
+func outputFilesForModule(ctx PathContext, module Module, tag string) (Paths, error) {
 	outputFilesFromProvider, err := outputFilesForModuleFromProvider(ctx, module, tag)
 	if outputFilesFromProvider != nil || err != OutputFilesProviderNotSet {
 		return outputFilesFromProvider, err
 	}
-	if sourceFileProducer, ok := module.(SourceFileProducer); ok {
-		if tag != "" {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("module %q is a SourceFileProducer, which does not support tag %q", pathContextName(ctx, module), tag)
+
+	if octx, ok := ctx.(OutputFilesProviderModuleContext); ok {
+		if octx.EqualModules(octx.Module(), module) {
+			if sourceFileProducer, ok := module.(SourceFileProducer); ok {
+				return sourceFileProducer.Srcs(), nil
+			}
+		} else if sourceFiles, ok := OtherModuleProvider(octx, module, SourceFilesInfoKey); ok {
+			if tag != "" {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("module %q is a SourceFileProducer, which does not support tag %q", pathContextName(ctx, module), tag)
+			}
+			paths := sourceFiles.Srcs
+			return paths, nil
 		}
-		paths := sourceFileProducer.Srcs()
-		return paths, nil
-	} else {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("module %q is not a SourceFileProducer or having valid output file for tag %q", pathContextName(ctx, module), tag)
 	}
+
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("module %q is not a SourceFileProducer or having valid output file for tag %q", pathContextName(ctx, module), tag)
 }
 
 // This method uses OutputFilesProvider for output files
@@ -2700,26 +2724,19 @@
 // from outputFiles property of module base, to avoid both setting and
 // reading OutputFilesProvider before GenerateBuildActions is finished.
 // If a module doesn't have the OutputFilesProvider, nil is returned.
-func outputFilesForModuleFromProvider(ctx PathContext, module blueprint.Module, tag string) (Paths, error) {
+func outputFilesForModuleFromProvider(ctx PathContext, module Module, tag string) (Paths, error) {
 	var outputFiles OutputFilesInfo
 	fromProperty := false
 
-	type OutputFilesProviderModuleContext interface {
-		OtherModuleProviderContext
-		Module() Module
-		GetOutputFiles() OutputFilesInfo
-	}
-
 	if mctx, isMctx := ctx.(OutputFilesProviderModuleContext); isMctx {
-		if mctx.Module() != module {
+		if !mctx.EqualModules(mctx.Module(), module) {
 			outputFiles, _ = OtherModuleProvider(mctx, module, OutputFilesProvider)
 		} else {
 			outputFiles = mctx.GetOutputFiles()
 			fromProperty = true
 		}
 	} else if cta, isCta := ctx.(*singletonContextAdaptor); isCta {
-		providerData, _ := cta.otherModuleProvider(module, OutputFilesProvider)
-		outputFiles, _ = providerData.(OutputFilesInfo)
+		outputFiles, _ = OtherModuleProvider(cta, module, OutputFilesProvider)
 	} else {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported context %q in method outputFilesForModuleFromProvider", reflect.TypeOf(ctx))
 	}
diff --git a/android/module_context.go b/android/module_context.go
index 41cb0cc..2014907 100644
--- a/android/module_context.go
+++ b/android/module_context.go
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/google/blueprint/depset"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/google/blueprint"
+	"github.com/google/blueprint/depset"
 	"github.com/google/blueprint/proptools"
 )
 
@@ -439,9 +439,11 @@
 	return missingDeps
 }
 
-func (m *moduleContext) GetDirectDepWithTag(name string, tag blueprint.DependencyTag) blueprint.Module {
-	module, _ := m.getDirectDepInternal(name, tag)
-	return module
+func (m *moduleContext) GetDirectDepWithTag(name string, tag blueprint.DependencyTag) Module {
+	if module, _ := m.getDirectDepInternal(name, tag); module != nil {
+		return module.(Module)
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (m *moduleContext) ModuleSubDir() string {
diff --git a/android/module_test.go b/android/module_test.go
index d76d9b3..d5bf941 100644
--- a/android/module_test.go
+++ b/android/module_test.go
@@ -998,6 +998,10 @@
 	return OutputFilesInfo{}
 }
 
+func (p *pathContextAddMissingDependenciesWrapper) EqualModules(m1, m2 Module) bool {
+	return m1 == m2
+}
+
 func TestOutputFileForModule(t *testing.T) {
 	testcases := []struct {
 		name        string
diff --git a/android/packaging.go b/android/packaging.go
index 98c85fa..635922c 100644
--- a/android/packaging.go
+++ b/android/packaging.go
@@ -165,6 +165,10 @@
 	return p.partition
 }
 
+func (p *PackagingSpec) SetPartition(partition string) {
+	p.partition = partition
+}
+
 func (p *PackagingSpec) SkipInstall() bool {
 	return p.skipInstall
 }
@@ -186,6 +190,7 @@
 	// GatherPackagingSpecs gathers PackagingSpecs of transitive dependencies.
 	GatherPackagingSpecs(ctx ModuleContext) map[string]PackagingSpec
 	GatherPackagingSpecsWithFilter(ctx ModuleContext, filter func(PackagingSpec) bool) map[string]PackagingSpec
+	GatherPackagingSpecsWithFilterAndModifier(ctx ModuleContext, filter func(PackagingSpec) bool, modifier func(*PackagingSpec)) map[string]PackagingSpec
 
 	// CopyDepsToZip zips the built artifacts of the dependencies into the given zip file and
 	// returns zip entries in it. This is expected to be called in GenerateAndroidBuildActions,
@@ -444,7 +449,8 @@
 	}
 }
 
-func (p *PackagingBase) GatherPackagingSpecsWithFilter(ctx ModuleContext, filter func(PackagingSpec) bool) map[string]PackagingSpec {
+// See PackageModule.GatherPackagingSpecs
+func (p *PackagingBase) GatherPackagingSpecsWithFilterAndModifier(ctx ModuleContext, filter func(PackagingSpec) bool, modifier func(*PackagingSpec)) map[string]PackagingSpec {
 	// packaging specs gathered from the dep that are not high priorities.
 	var regularPriorities []PackagingSpec
 
@@ -491,6 +497,10 @@
 				}
 			}
 
+			if modifier != nil {
+				modifier(&ps)
+			}
+
 			if _, ok := depTag.(highPriorityDepTag); ok {
 				highPriorities = append(highPriorities, ps)
 			} else {
@@ -552,6 +562,11 @@
 }
 
 // See PackageModule.GatherPackagingSpecs
+func (p *PackagingBase) GatherPackagingSpecsWithFilter(ctx ModuleContext, filter func(PackagingSpec) bool) map[string]PackagingSpec {
+	return p.GatherPackagingSpecsWithFilterAndModifier(ctx, filter, nil)
+}
+
+// See PackageModule.GatherPackagingSpecs
 func (p *PackagingBase) GatherPackagingSpecs(ctx ModuleContext) map[string]PackagingSpec {
 	return p.GatherPackagingSpecsWithFilter(ctx, nil)
 }
diff --git a/android/path_properties_test.go b/android/path_properties_test.go
index 07b4869..6f44f28 100644
--- a/android/path_properties_test.go
+++ b/android/path_properties_test.go
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
 	if p.props.Foo != "" {
 		// Make sure there is only one dependency on a module listed in a property present in multiple property structs
 		m := SrcIsModule(p.props.Foo)
-		if GetModuleFromPathDep(ctx, m, "") == nil {
+		if GetModuleProxyFromPathDep(ctx, m, "") == nil {
 			ctx.ModuleErrorf("GetDirectDepWithTag failed")
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/android/paths.go b/android/paths.go
index 1486ad2..8f066cc 100644
--- a/android/paths.go
+++ b/android/paths.go
@@ -91,6 +91,8 @@
 	EarlyModulePathContext
 	OtherModuleProviderContext
 	VisitDirectDeps(visit func(Module))
+	VisitDirectDepsProxy(visit func(ModuleProxy))
+	VisitDirectDepsProxyWithTag(tag blueprint.DependencyTag, visit func(ModuleProxy))
 	OtherModuleDependencyTag(m blueprint.Module) blueprint.DependencyTag
 	HasMutatorFinished(mutatorName string) bool
 }
@@ -598,7 +600,7 @@
 
 	for _, path := range paths {
 		if m, t := SrcIsModuleWithTag(path); m != "" {
-			module := GetModuleFromPathDep(ctx, m, t)
+			module := GetModuleProxyFromPathDep(ctx, m, t)
 			if module == nil {
 				ctx.ModuleErrorf(`missing dependency on %q, is the property annotated with android:"path"?`, m)
 				continue
@@ -611,7 +613,7 @@
 			if !ok {
 				panic(fmt.Errorf("%s is not an OtherModuleProviderContext", ctx))
 			}
-			if dirProvider, ok := OtherModuleProvider(mctx, module, DirProvider); ok {
+			if dirProvider, ok := OtherModuleProvider(mctx, *module, DirProvider); ok {
 				ret = append(ret, dirProvider.Dirs...)
 			} else {
 				ReportPathErrorf(ctx, "module %q does not implement DirProvider", module)
@@ -669,14 +671,15 @@
 // If the dependency is not found, a missingErrorDependency is returned.
 // If the module dependency is not a SourceFileProducer or OutputFileProducer, appropriate errors will be returned.
 func getPathsFromModuleDep(ctx ModuleWithDepsPathContext, path, moduleName, tag string) (Paths, error) {
-	module := GetModuleFromPathDep(ctx, moduleName, tag)
+	module := GetModuleProxyFromPathDep(ctx, moduleName, tag)
 	if module == nil {
 		return nil, missingDependencyError{[]string{moduleName}}
 	}
-	if aModule, ok := module.(Module); ok && !aModule.Enabled(ctx) {
+	if !OtherModuleProviderOrDefault(ctx, *module, CommonPropertiesProviderKey).Enabled {
 		return nil, missingDependencyError{[]string{moduleName}}
 	}
-	outputFiles, err := outputFilesForModule(ctx, module, tag)
+
+	outputFiles, err := outputFilesForModule(ctx, *module, tag)
 	if outputFiles != nil && err == nil {
 		return outputFiles, nil
 	} else {
@@ -684,7 +687,7 @@
 	}
 }
 
-// GetModuleFromPathDep will return the module that was added as a dependency automatically for
+// GetModuleProxyFromPathDep will return the module that was added as a dependency automatically for
 // properties tagged with `android:"path"` or manually using ExtractSourceDeps or
 // ExtractSourcesDeps.
 //
@@ -694,6 +697,27 @@
 //
 // If tag is "" then the returned module will be the dependency that was added for ":moduleName".
 // Otherwise, it is the dependency that was added for ":moduleName{tag}".
+func GetModuleProxyFromPathDep(ctx ModuleWithDepsPathContext, moduleName, tag string) *ModuleProxy {
+	var found *ModuleProxy
+	// The sourceOrOutputDepTag uniquely identifies the module dependency as it contains both the
+	// module name and the tag. Dependencies added automatically for properties tagged with
+	// `android:"path"` are deduped so are guaranteed to be unique. It is possible for duplicate
+	// dependencies to be added manually using ExtractSourcesDeps or ExtractSourceDeps but even then
+	// it will always be the case that the dependencies will be identical, i.e. the same tag and same
+	// moduleName referring to the same dependency module.
+	//
+	// It does not matter whether the moduleName is a fully qualified name or if the module
+	// dependency is a prebuilt module. All that matters is the same information is supplied to
+	// create the tag here as was supplied to create the tag when the dependency was added so that
+	// this finds the matching dependency module.
+	expectedTag := sourceOrOutputDepTag(moduleName, tag)
+	ctx.VisitDirectDepsProxyWithTag(expectedTag, func(module ModuleProxy) {
+		found = &module
+	})
+	return found
+}
+
+// Deprecated: use GetModuleProxyFromPathDep
 func GetModuleFromPathDep(ctx ModuleWithDepsPathContext, moduleName, tag string) blueprint.Module {
 	var found blueprint.Module
 	// The sourceOrOutputDepTag uniquely identifies the module dependency as it contains both the
diff --git a/apex/builder.go b/apex/builder.go
index 305d509..b04a9d7 100644
--- a/apex/builder.go
+++ b/apex/builder.go
@@ -397,8 +397,10 @@
 	} else {
 		if m, t := android.SrcIsModuleWithTag(*a.properties.File_contexts); m != "" {
 			isFileContextsModule = true
-			otherModule := android.GetModuleFromPathDep(ctx, m, t)
-			fileContextsDir = ctx.OtherModuleDir(otherModule)
+			otherModule := android.GetModuleProxyFromPathDep(ctx, m, t)
+			if otherModule != nil {
+				fileContextsDir = ctx.OtherModuleDir(*otherModule)
+			}
 		}
 		fileContexts = android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, *a.properties.File_contexts)
 	}
diff --git a/cmd/release_config/release_config_lib/flag_artifact.go b/cmd/release_config/release_config_lib/flag_artifact.go
index 51c02d2..bb321da 100644
--- a/cmd/release_config/release_config_lib/flag_artifact.go
+++ b/cmd/release_config/release_config_lib/flag_artifact.go
@@ -99,6 +99,9 @@
 	if namespace := fa.FlagDeclaration.GetNamespace(); namespace != "" {
 		ret.Namespace = proto.String(namespace)
 	}
+	if bugs := fa.FlagDeclaration.GetBugs(); bugs != nil {
+		ret.Bugs = bugs
+	}
 	if description := fa.FlagDeclaration.GetDescription(); description != "" {
 		ret.Description = proto.String(description)
 	}
diff --git a/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_declarations.pb.go b/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_declarations.pb.go
index 7db945a..1df246c 100644
--- a/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_declarations.pb.go
+++ b/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_declarations.pb.go
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@
 	Namespace *string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=namespace" json:"namespace,omitempty"`
 	// Text description of the flag's purpose.
 	Description *string `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=description" json:"description,omitempty"`
+	// The bug number associated with the flag.
+	Bugs []string `protobuf:"bytes,4,rep,name=bugs" json:"bugs,omitempty"`
 	// Where the flag was declared.
 	DeclarationPath *string `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=declaration_path,json=declarationPath" json:"declaration_path,omitempty"`
 	// Workflow for this flag.
@@ -110,6 +112,13 @@
 	return ""
 }
 
+func (x *FlagDeclarationArtifact) GetBugs() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Bugs
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (x *FlagDeclarationArtifact) GetDeclarationPath() string {
 	if x != nil && x.DeclarationPath != nil {
 		return *x.DeclarationPath
@@ -187,37 +196,38 @@
 	0x12, 0x1c, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x69, 0x64, 0x2e, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73,
 	0x65, 0x5f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x5f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x1a, 0x18,
 	0x62, 0x75, 0x69, 0x6c, 0x64, 0x5f, 0x66, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x67, 0x73, 0x5f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x6d,
-	0x6f, 0x6e, 0x2e, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x22, 0x8c, 0x02, 0x0a, 0x17, 0x46, 0x6c, 0x61,
+	0x6f, 0x6e, 0x2e, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x22, 0x9a, 0x02, 0x0a, 0x17, 0x46, 0x6c, 0x61,
 	0x67, 0x44, 0x65, 0x63, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x41, 0x72, 0x74, 0x69,
 	0x66, 0x61, 0x63, 0x74, 0x12, 0x12, 0x0a, 0x04, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x01,
 	0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x04, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x12, 0x1c, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x65,
 	0x73, 0x70, 0x61, 0x63, 0x65, 0x18, 0x02, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x09, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d,
 	0x65, 0x73, 0x70, 0x61, 0x63, 0x65, 0x12, 0x20, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x64, 0x65, 0x73, 0x63, 0x72, 0x69,
 	0x70, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x18, 0x03, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x0b, 0x64, 0x65, 0x73,
-	0x63, 0x72, 0x69, 0x70, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x12, 0x29, 0x0a, 0x10, 0x64, 0x65, 0x63, 0x6c,
-	0x61, 0x72, 0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x5f, 0x70, 0x61, 0x74, 0x68, 0x18, 0x05, 0x20, 0x01,
-	0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x0f, 0x64, 0x65, 0x63, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x50,
-	0x61, 0x74, 0x68, 0x12, 0x43, 0x0a, 0x08, 0x77, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6b, 0x66, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x77, 0x18,
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 }
 
 var (
diff --git a/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_declarations.proto b/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_declarations.proto
index d755e02..ccdccfb 100644
--- a/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_declarations.proto
+++ b/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_declarations.proto
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@
   // Text description of the flag's purpose.
   optional string description = 3;
 
-  // reserve this for bug, if needed.
-  reserved 4;
+  // The bug number associated with the flag.
+  repeated string bugs = 4;
 
   // Where the flag was declared.
   optional string declaration_path = 5;
diff --git a/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_src.pb.go b/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_src.pb.go
index d784dee..123c6d3 100644
--- a/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_src.pb.go
+++ b/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_src.pb.go
@@ -159,6 +159,8 @@
 	Namespace *string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=namespace" json:"namespace,omitempty"`
 	// Text description of the flag's purpose.
 	Description *string `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=description" json:"description,omitempty"`
+	// The bug number associated with the flag.
+	Bugs []string `protobuf:"bytes,4,rep,name=bugs" json:"bugs,omitempty"`
 	// Value for the flag
 	Value *Value `protobuf:"bytes,201,opt,name=value" json:"value,omitempty"`
 	// Workflow for this flag.
@@ -221,6 +223,13 @@
 	return ""
 }
 
+func (x *FlagDeclaration) GetBugs() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Bugs
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (x *FlagDeclaration) GetValue() *Value {
 	if x != nil {
 		return x.Value
@@ -541,62 +550,63 @@
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-	0x73, 0x65, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x4d, 0x61, 0x70, 0x12, 0x44, 0x0a, 0x07, 0x61,
-	0x6c, 0x69, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x73, 0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x03, 0x28, 0x0b, 0x32, 0x2a, 0x2e, 0x61,
-	0x6e, 0x64, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x69, 0x64, 0x2e, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x5f, 0x63,
-	0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x5f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x2e, 0x52, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65,
-	0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x41, 0x6c, 0x69, 0x61, 0x73, 0x52, 0x07, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x69, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65,
-	0x73, 0x12, 0x20, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x64, 0x65, 0x73, 0x63, 0x72, 0x69, 0x70, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e,
-	0x18, 0x02, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x0b, 0x64, 0x65, 0x73, 0x63, 0x72, 0x69, 0x70, 0x74,
-	0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x12, 0x2d, 0x0a, 0x12, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x61, 0x75, 0x6c, 0x74, 0x5f, 0x63,
-	0x6f, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x72, 0x73, 0x18, 0x03, 0x20, 0x03, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52,
-	0x11, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x61, 0x75, 0x6c, 0x74, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x65,
-	0x72, 0x73, 0x42, 0x33, 0x5a, 0x31, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x69, 0x64, 0x2f, 0x73, 0x6f,
-	0x6f, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x2f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x5f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66,
-	0x69, 0x67, 0x2f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x5f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69,
-	0x67, 0x5f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f,
+	0x5f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x5f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x2e, 0x56, 0x61,
+	0x6c, 0x75, 0x65, 0x52, 0x05, 0x76, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x75, 0x65, 0x12, 0x1b, 0x0a, 0x08, 0x72, 0x65,
+	0x64, 0x61, 0x63, 0x74, 0x65, 0x64, 0x18, 0xca, 0x01, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x08, 0x52, 0x08, 0x72,
+	0x65, 0x64, 0x61, 0x63, 0x74, 0x65, 0x64, 0x22, 0xbe, 0x01, 0x0a, 0x0d, 0x52, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65,
+	0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x12, 0x12, 0x0a, 0x04, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d,
+	0x65, 0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x04, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x12, 0x1a, 0x0a,
+	0x08, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x68, 0x65, 0x72, 0x69, 0x74, 0x73, 0x18, 0x02, 0x20, 0x03, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52,
+	0x08, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x68, 0x65, 0x72, 0x69, 0x74, 0x73, 0x12, 0x2c, 0x0a, 0x12, 0x61, 0x63, 0x6f,
+	0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x5f, 0x76, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x75, 0x65, 0x5f, 0x73, 0x65, 0x74, 0x73, 0x18,
+	0x03, 0x20, 0x03, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x10, 0x61, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x56, 0x61,
+	0x6c, 0x75, 0x65, 0x53, 0x65, 0x74, 0x73, 0x12, 0x2c, 0x0a, 0x12, 0x61, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66,
+	0x69, 0x67, 0x5f, 0x66, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x67, 0x73, 0x5f, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x6c, 0x79, 0x18, 0x04, 0x20,
+	0x01, 0x28, 0x08, 0x52, 0x10, 0x61, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x46, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x67,
+	0x73, 0x4f, 0x6e, 0x6c, 0x79, 0x12, 0x21, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x70, 0x72, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x5f, 0x73,
+	0x74, 0x61, 0x67, 0x65, 0x73, 0x18, 0x05, 0x20, 0x03, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x0b, 0x70, 0x72, 0x69,
+	0x6f, 0x72, 0x53, 0x74, 0x61, 0x67, 0x65, 0x73, 0x22, 0x3a, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x52, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65,
+	0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x41, 0x6c, 0x69, 0x61, 0x73, 0x12, 0x12, 0x0a, 0x04, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x65,
+	0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x04, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x12, 0x16, 0x0a, 0x06,
+	0x74, 0x61, 0x72, 0x67, 0x65, 0x74, 0x18, 0x02, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x06, 0x74, 0x61,
+	0x72, 0x67, 0x65, 0x74, 0x22, 0xa9, 0x01, 0x0a, 0x10, 0x52, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65,
+	0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x4d, 0x61, 0x70, 0x12, 0x44, 0x0a, 0x07, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x69,
+	0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x73, 0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x03, 0x28, 0x0b, 0x32, 0x2a, 0x2e, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64,
+	0x72, 0x6f, 0x69, 0x64, 0x2e, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x5f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e,
+	0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x5f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x2e, 0x52, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73,
+	0x65, 0x41, 0x6c, 0x69, 0x61, 0x73, 0x52, 0x07, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x69, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x73, 0x12,
+	0x20, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x64, 0x65, 0x73, 0x63, 0x72, 0x69, 0x70, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x18, 0x02,
+	0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x0b, 0x64, 0x65, 0x73, 0x63, 0x72, 0x69, 0x70, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f,
+	0x6e, 0x12, 0x2d, 0x0a, 0x12, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x61, 0x75, 0x6c, 0x74, 0x5f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e,
+	0x74, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x72, 0x73, 0x18, 0x03, 0x20, 0x03, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x11, 0x64,
+	0x65, 0x66, 0x61, 0x75, 0x6c, 0x74, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x72, 0x73,
+	0x42, 0x33, 0x5a, 0x31, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x69, 0x64, 0x2f, 0x73, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x6e,
+	0x67, 0x2f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x5f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67,
+	0x2f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x5f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x5f,
+	0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f,
 }
 
 var (
diff --git a/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_src.proto b/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_src.proto
index e1925bc..b28b5e2 100644
--- a/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_src.proto
+++ b/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_src.proto
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@
   // Text description of the flag's purpose.
   optional string description = 3;
 
-  // reserve this for bug, if needed.
-  reserved 4;
+  // The bug number associated with the flag.
+  repeated string bugs = 4;
 
   // Value for the flag
   optional Value value = 201;
diff --git a/compliance/Android.bp b/compliance/Android.bp
index 72c2f27..6662970 100644
--- a/compliance/Android.bp
+++ b/compliance/Android.bp
@@ -35,5 +35,6 @@
     partition_name: "system",
     visibility: [
         "//build/make/target/product/generic",
+        "//build/make/target/product/gsi",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/etc/prebuilt_etc.go b/etc/prebuilt_etc.go
index 47b391c..943ec81 100644
--- a/etc/prebuilt_etc.go
+++ b/etc/prebuilt_etc.go
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
 
 var PrepareForTestWithPrebuiltEtc = android.FixtureRegisterWithContext(RegisterPrebuiltEtcBuildComponents)
 
-type prebuiltEtcProperties struct {
+type PrebuiltEtcProperties struct {
 	// Source file of this prebuilt. Can reference a genrule type module with the ":module" syntax.
 	// Mutually exclusive with srcs.
 	Src proptools.Configurable[string] `android:"path,arch_variant,replace_instead_of_append"`
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@
 	android.ModuleBase
 	android.DefaultableModuleBase
 
-	properties prebuiltEtcProperties
+	properties PrebuiltEtcProperties
 
 	// rootProperties is used to return the value of the InstallInRoot() method. Currently, only
 	// prebuilt_avb and prebuilt_root modules use this.
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@
 
 	module.AddProperties(props...)
 	module.AddProperties(
-		&prebuiltEtcProperties{},
+		&PrebuiltEtcProperties{},
 		&prebuiltSubdirProperties{},
 	)
 
diff --git a/filesystem/filesystem.go b/filesystem/filesystem.go
index 78e24e2..29e5ec3 100644
--- a/filesystem/filesystem.go
+++ b/filesystem/filesystem.go
@@ -67,6 +67,10 @@
 	BuildLinkerConfigFile(ctx android.ModuleContext, builder *android.RuleBuilder, rebasedDir android.OutputPath)
 	// Function that filters PackagingSpec in PackagingBase.GatherPackagingSpecs()
 	FilterPackagingSpec(spec android.PackagingSpec) bool
+	// Function that modifies PackagingSpec in PackagingBase.GatherPackagingSpecs() to customize.
+	// For example, GSI system.img contains system_ext and product artifacts and their
+	// relPathInPackage need to be rebased to system/system_ext and system/system_product.
+	ModifyPackagingSpec(spec *android.PackagingSpec)
 }
 
 var _ filesystemBuilder = (*filesystem)(nil)
@@ -302,6 +306,10 @@
 	return true
 }
 
+func (f *filesystem) ModifyPackagingSpec(ps *android.PackagingSpec) {
+	// do nothing by default
+}
+
 var pctx = android.NewPackageContext("android/soong/filesystem")
 
 func (f *filesystem) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext) {
@@ -792,7 +800,7 @@
 // Note that "apex" module installs its contents to "apex"(fake partition) as well
 // for symbol lookup by imitating "activated" paths.
 func (f *filesystem) gatherFilteredPackagingSpecs(ctx android.ModuleContext) map[string]android.PackagingSpec {
-	specs := f.PackagingBase.GatherPackagingSpecsWithFilter(ctx, f.filesystemBuilder.FilterPackagingSpec)
+	specs := f.PackagingBase.GatherPackagingSpecsWithFilterAndModifier(ctx, f.filesystemBuilder.FilterPackagingSpec, f.filesystemBuilder.ModifyPackagingSpec)
 	return specs
 }
 
@@ -818,13 +826,7 @@
 	android.ModuleBase
 	android.DefaultsModuleBase
 
-	properties filesystemDefaultsProperties
-}
-
-type filesystemDefaultsProperties struct {
-	// Identifies which partition this is for //visibility:any_system_image (and others) visibility
-	// checks, and will be used in the future for API surface checks.
-	Partition_type *string
+	properties FilesystemProperties
 }
 
 // android_filesystem_defaults is a default module for android_filesystem and android_system_image
diff --git a/filesystem/system_image.go b/filesystem/system_image.go
index 672458c..4d176ae 100644
--- a/filesystem/system_image.go
+++ b/filesystem/system_image.go
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@
 	"android/soong/android"
 	"android/soong/linkerconfig"
 
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
 	"github.com/google/blueprint/proptools"
 )
 
@@ -58,5 +61,14 @@
 // for symbol lookup by imitating "activated" paths.
 func (s *systemImage) FilterPackagingSpec(ps android.PackagingSpec) bool {
 	return !ps.SkipInstall() &&
-		(ps.Partition() == "system" || ps.Partition() == "root")
+		(ps.Partition() == "system" || ps.Partition() == "root" ||
+			strings.HasPrefix(ps.Partition(), "system/"))
+}
+
+func (s *systemImage) ModifyPackagingSpec(ps *android.PackagingSpec) {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(ps.Partition(), "system/") {
+		subPartition := strings.TrimPrefix(ps.Partition(), "system/")
+		ps.SetPartition("system")
+		ps.SetRelPathInPackage(filepath.Join(subPartition, ps.RelPathInPackage()))
+	}
 }
diff --git a/filesystem/vbmeta.go b/filesystem/vbmeta.go
index 6a3fc1f..ebb3ff9 100644
--- a/filesystem/vbmeta.go
+++ b/filesystem/vbmeta.go
@@ -26,8 +26,19 @@
 
 func init() {
 	android.RegisterModuleType("vbmeta", VbmetaFactory)
+	pctx.HostBinToolVariable("avbtool", "avbtool")
 }
 
+var (
+	extractPublicKeyRule = pctx.AndroidStaticRule("avb_extract_public_key",
+		blueprint.RuleParams{
+			Command: `${avbtool} extract_public_key --key $in --output $out`,
+			CommandDeps: []string{
+				"${avbtool}",
+			},
+		})
+)
+
 type vbmeta struct {
 	android.ModuleBase
 
@@ -60,8 +71,15 @@
 	// have to be signed (use_avb: true).
 	Partitions proptools.Configurable[[]string]
 
-	// List of chained partitions that this vbmeta deletages the verification.
-	Chained_partitions []ChainedPartitionProperties
+	// Metadata about the chained partitions that this vbmeta delegates the verification.
+	// This is an alternative to chained_partitions, using chained_partitions instead is simpler
+	// in most cases. However, this property allows building this vbmeta partition without
+	// its chained partitions existing in this build.
+	Chained_partition_metadata []ChainedPartitionProperties
+
+	// List of chained partitions that this vbmeta delegates the verification. They are the
+	// names of other vbmeta modules.
+	Chained_partitions []string
 
 	// List of key-value pair of avb properties
 	Avb_properties []avbProperty
@@ -93,6 +111,20 @@
 	Private_key *string `android:"path"`
 }
 
+type vbmetaPartitionInfo struct {
+	// Name of the partition
+	Name string
+
+	// Rollback index location, non-negative int
+	RollbackIndexLocation int
+
+	// The path to the public key of the private key used to sign this partition. Derived from
+	// the private key.
+	PublicKey android.Path
+}
+
+var vbmetaPartitionProvider = blueprint.NewProvider[vbmetaPartitionInfo]()
+
 // vbmeta is the partition image that has the verification information for other partitions.
 func VbmetaFactory() android.Module {
 	module := &vbmeta{}
@@ -103,13 +135,18 @@
 
 type vbmetaDep struct {
 	blueprint.BaseDependencyTag
-	kind string
 }
 
-var vbmetaPartitionDep = vbmetaDep{kind: "partition"}
+type chainedPartitionDep struct {
+	blueprint.BaseDependencyTag
+}
+
+var vbmetaPartitionDep = vbmetaDep{}
+var vbmetaChainedPartitionDep = chainedPartitionDep{}
 
 func (v *vbmeta) DepsMutator(ctx android.BottomUpMutatorContext) {
 	ctx.AddDependency(ctx.Module(), vbmetaPartitionDep, v.properties.Partitions.GetOrDefault(ctx, nil)...)
+	ctx.AddDependency(ctx.Module(), vbmetaChainedPartitionDep, v.properties.Chained_partitions...)
 }
 
 func (v *vbmeta) installFileName() string {
@@ -124,8 +161,6 @@
 const vbmetaMaxSize = 64 * 1024
 
 func (v *vbmeta) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext) {
-	extractedPublicKeys := v.extractPublicKeys(ctx)
-
 	v.output = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, v.installFileName()).OutputPath
 
 	builder := android.NewRuleBuilder(pctx, ctx)
@@ -175,25 +210,66 @@
 		cmd.FlagWithInput("--include_descriptors_from_image ", signedImage)
 	}
 
-	for i, cp := range v.properties.Chained_partitions {
-		name := proptools.String(cp.Name)
+	seenRils := make(map[int]bool)
+	for _, cp := range ctx.GetDirectDepsWithTag(vbmetaChainedPartitionDep) {
+		info, ok := android.OtherModuleProvider(ctx, cp, vbmetaPartitionProvider)
+		if !ok {
+			ctx.PropertyErrorf("chained_partitions", "Expected all modules in chained_partitions to provide vbmetaPartitionProvider, but %s did not", cp.Name())
+			continue
+		}
+		if info.Name == "" {
+			ctx.PropertyErrorf("chained_partitions", "name must be specified")
+			continue
+		}
+
+		ril := info.RollbackIndexLocation
+		if ril < 0 {
+			ctx.PropertyErrorf("chained_partitions", "rollback index location must be 0, 1, 2, ...")
+			continue
+		} else if seenRils[ril] {
+			ctx.PropertyErrorf("chained_partitions", "Multiple chained partitions with the same rollback index location %d", ril)
+			continue
+		}
+		seenRils[ril] = true
+
+		publicKey := info.PublicKey
+		cmd.FlagWithArg("--chain_partition ", fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d:%s", info.Name, ril, publicKey.String()))
+		cmd.Implicit(publicKey)
+	}
+	for _, cpm := range v.properties.Chained_partition_metadata {
+		name := proptools.String(cpm.Name)
 		if name == "" {
 			ctx.PropertyErrorf("chained_partitions", "name must be specified")
 			continue
 		}
 
-		ril := proptools.IntDefault(cp.Rollback_index_location, i+1)
+		ril := proptools.IntDefault(cpm.Rollback_index_location, -1)
 		if ril < 0 {
-			ctx.PropertyErrorf("chained_partitions", "must be 0, 1, 2, ...")
+			ctx.PropertyErrorf("chained_partition_metadata", "rollback index location must be 0, 1, 2, ...")
+			continue
+		} else if seenRils[ril] {
+			ctx.PropertyErrorf("chained_partition_metadata", "Multiple chained partitions with the same rollback index location %d", ril)
+			continue
+		}
+		seenRils[ril] = true
+
+		var publicKey android.Path
+		if cpm.Public_key != nil {
+			publicKey = android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, *cpm.Public_key)
+		} else if cpm.Private_key != nil {
+			privateKey := android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, *cpm.Private_key)
+			extractedPublicKey := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "chained_metadata", name+".avbpubkey")
+			ctx.Build(pctx, android.BuildParams{
+				Rule:   extractPublicKeyRule,
+				Input:  privateKey,
+				Output: extractedPublicKey,
+			})
+			publicKey = extractedPublicKey
+		} else {
+			ctx.PropertyErrorf("public_key", "Either public_key or private_key must be specified")
 			continue
 		}
 
-		var publicKey android.Path
-		if cp.Public_key != nil {
-			publicKey = android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, proptools.String(cp.Public_key))
-		} else {
-			publicKey = extractedPublicKeys[name]
-		}
 		cmd.FlagWithArg("--chain_partition ", fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d:%s", name, ril, publicKey.String()))
 		cmd.Implicit(publicKey)
 	}
@@ -211,6 +287,19 @@
 	v.installDir = android.PathForModuleInstall(ctx, "etc")
 	ctx.InstallFile(v.installDir, v.installFileName(), v.output)
 
+	extractedPublicKey := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, v.partitionName()+".avbpubkey")
+	ctx.Build(pctx, android.BuildParams{
+		Rule:   extractPublicKeyRule,
+		Input:  key,
+		Output: extractedPublicKey,
+	})
+
+	android.SetProvider(ctx, vbmetaPartitionProvider, vbmetaPartitionInfo{
+		Name:                  v.partitionName(),
+		RollbackIndexLocation: ril,
+		PublicKey:             extractedPublicKey,
+	})
+
 	ctx.SetOutputFiles([]android.Path{v.output}, "")
 }
 
@@ -224,43 +313,6 @@
 	}
 }
 
-// Extract public keys from chained_partitions.private_key. The keys are indexed with the partition
-// name.
-func (v *vbmeta) extractPublicKeys(ctx android.ModuleContext) map[string]android.OutputPath {
-	result := make(map[string]android.OutputPath)
-
-	builder := android.NewRuleBuilder(pctx, ctx)
-	for _, cp := range v.properties.Chained_partitions {
-		if cp.Private_key == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		name := proptools.String(cp.Name)
-		if name == "" {
-			ctx.PropertyErrorf("chained_partitions", "name must be specified")
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if _, ok := result[name]; ok {
-			ctx.PropertyErrorf("chained_partitions", "name %q is duplicated", name)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		privateKeyFile := android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, proptools.String(cp.Private_key))
-		publicKeyFile := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, name+".avbpubkey").OutputPath
-
-		builder.Command().
-			BuiltTool("avbtool").
-			Text("extract_public_key").
-			FlagWithInput("--key ", privateKeyFile).
-			FlagWithOutput("--output ", publicKeyFile)
-
-		result[name] = publicKeyFile
-	}
-	builder.Build("vbmeta_extract_public_key", fmt.Sprintf("Extract public keys for %s", ctx.ModuleName()))
-	return result
-}
-
 var _ android.AndroidMkProviderInfoProducer = (*vbmeta)(nil)
 
 func (v *vbmeta) PrepareAndroidMKProviderInfo(config android.Config) *android.AndroidMkProviderInfo {
diff --git a/fsgen/filesystem_creator_test.go b/fsgen/filesystem_creator_test.go
index 199eaad..6111a41 100644
--- a/fsgen/filesystem_creator_test.go
+++ b/fsgen/filesystem_creator_test.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 import (
 	"android/soong/android"
+	"android/soong/etc"
 	"android/soong/filesystem"
 	"android/soong/java"
 	"testing"
@@ -253,3 +254,129 @@
 	_, libFooInDeps := (*resolvedSystemDeps)["libfoo"]
 	android.AssertBoolEquals(t, "libfoo should not appear in deps because it has been overridden by libbaz. The latter is a required dep of libbar, which is listed in PRODUCT_PACKAGES", false, libFooInDeps)
 }
+
+func TestPrebuiltEtcModuleGen(t *testing.T) {
+	result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		android.PrepareForIntegrationTestWithAndroid,
+		android.PrepareForTestWithAndroidBuildComponents,
+		android.PrepareForTestWithAllowMissingDependencies,
+		filesystem.PrepareForTestWithFilesystemBuildComponents,
+		prepareForTestWithFsgenBuildComponents,
+		android.FixtureModifyConfig(func(config android.Config) {
+			config.TestProductVariables.PartitionVarsForSoongMigrationOnlyDoNotUse.ProductCopyFiles = []string{
+				"frameworks/base/config/preloaded-classes:system/etc/preloaded-classes",
+				"frameworks/base/data/keyboards/Vendor_0079_Product_0011.kl:system/usr/keylayout/subdir/Vendor_0079_Product_0011.kl",
+				"frameworks/base/data/keyboards/Vendor_0079_Product_18d4.kl:system/usr/keylayout/subdir/Vendor_0079_Product_18d4.kl",
+				"some/non/existing/file.txt:system/etc/file.txt",
+				"device/sample/etc/apns-full-conf.xml:product/etc/apns-conf.xml:google",
+				"device/sample/etc/apns-full-conf.xml:product/etc/apns-conf-2.xml",
+			}
+			config.TestProductVariables.PartitionVarsForSoongMigrationOnlyDoNotUse.PartitionQualifiedVariables =
+				map[string]android.PartitionQualifiedVariablesType{
+					"system": {
+						BoardFileSystemType: "ext4",
+					},
+				}
+		}),
+		android.FixtureMergeMockFs(android.MockFS{
+			"external/avb/test/data/testkey_rsa4096.pem": nil,
+			"build/soong/fsgen/Android.bp": []byte(`
+			soong_filesystem_creator {
+				name: "foo",
+			}
+			`),
+			"frameworks/base/config/preloaded-classes":                   nil,
+			"frameworks/base/data/keyboards/Vendor_0079_Product_0011.kl": nil,
+			"frameworks/base/data/keyboards/Vendor_0079_Product_18d4.kl": nil,
+			"device/sample/etc/apns-full-conf.xml":                       nil,
+		}),
+	).RunTest(t)
+
+	checkModuleProp := func(m android.Module, matcher func(actual interface{}) bool) bool {
+		for _, prop := range m.GetProperties() {
+
+			if matcher(prop) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// check generated prebuilt_* module type install path and install partition
+	generatedModule := result.ModuleForTests("system-frameworks_base_config-etc-0", "android_arm64_armv8-a").Module()
+	etcModule, _ := generatedModule.(*etc.PrebuiltEtc)
+	android.AssertStringEquals(
+		t,
+		"module expected to have etc install path",
+		"etc",
+		etcModule.BaseDir(),
+	)
+	android.AssertBoolEquals(
+		t,
+		"module expected to be installed in system partition",
+		true,
+		!generatedModule.InstallInProduct() &&
+			!generatedModule.InstallInVendor() &&
+			!generatedModule.InstallInSystemExt(),
+	)
+
+	// check generated prebuilt_* module specifies correct relative_install_path property
+	generatedModule = result.ModuleForTests("system-frameworks_base_data_keyboards-usr_keylayout_subdir-0", "android_arm64_armv8-a").Module()
+	etcModule, _ = generatedModule.(*etc.PrebuiltEtc)
+	android.AssertStringEquals(
+		t,
+		"module expected to set correct relative_install_path properties",
+		"subdir",
+		etcModule.SubDir(),
+	)
+
+	// check that prebuilt_* module is not generated for non existing source file
+	android.AssertPanicMessageContains(
+		t,
+		"prebuilt_* module not generated for non existing source file",
+		"failed to find module \"system-some_non_existing-etc-0\"",
+		func() { result.ModuleForTests("system-some_non_existing-etc-0", "android_arm64_armv8-a") },
+	)
+
+	// check that duplicate src file can exist in PRODUCT_COPY_FILES and generates separate modules
+	generatedModule0 := result.ModuleForTests("product-device_sample_etc-etc-0", "android_arm64_armv8-a").Module()
+	generatedModule1 := result.ModuleForTests("product-device_sample_etc-etc-1", "android_arm64_armv8-a").Module()
+
+	// check that generated prebuilt_* module sets correct srcs and dsts property
+	eval := generatedModule0.ConfigurableEvaluator(android.PanickingConfigAndErrorContext(result.TestContext))
+	android.AssertBoolEquals(
+		t,
+		"module expected to set correct srcs and dsts properties",
+		true,
+		checkModuleProp(generatedModule0, func(actual interface{}) bool {
+			if p, ok := actual.(*etc.PrebuiltEtcProperties); ok {
+				srcs := p.Srcs.GetOrDefault(eval, nil)
+				dsts := p.Dsts.GetOrDefault(eval, nil)
+				return len(srcs) == 1 &&
+					srcs[0] == "apns-full-conf.xml" &&
+					len(dsts) == 1 &&
+					dsts[0] == "apns-conf.xml"
+			}
+			return false
+		}),
+	)
+
+	// check that generated prebuilt_* module sets correct srcs and dsts property
+	eval = generatedModule1.ConfigurableEvaluator(android.PanickingConfigAndErrorContext(result.TestContext))
+	android.AssertBoolEquals(
+		t,
+		"module expected to set correct srcs and dsts properties",
+		true,
+		checkModuleProp(generatedModule1, func(actual interface{}) bool {
+			if p, ok := actual.(*etc.PrebuiltEtcProperties); ok {
+				srcs := p.Srcs.GetOrDefault(eval, nil)
+				dsts := p.Dsts.GetOrDefault(eval, nil)
+				return len(srcs) == 1 &&
+					srcs[0] == "apns-full-conf.xml" &&
+					len(dsts) == 1 &&
+					dsts[0] == "apns-conf-2.xml"
+			}
+			return false
+		}),
+	)
+}
diff --git a/fsgen/vbmeta_partitions.go b/fsgen/vbmeta_partitions.go
index f7b4638..52f8ae5 100644
--- a/fsgen/vbmeta_partitions.go
+++ b/fsgen/vbmeta_partitions.go
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 
 	var result []vbmetaModuleInfo
 
-	var chainedPartitions []filesystem.ChainedPartitionProperties
+	var chainedPartitions []string
 	var partitionTypesHandledByChainedPartitions []string
 	for chainedName, props := range partitionVars.ChainedVbmetaPartitions {
 		chainedName = "vbmeta_" + chainedName
@@ -117,11 +117,7 @@
 			},
 		).HideFromMake()
 
-		chainedPartitions = append(chainedPartitions, filesystem.ChainedPartitionProperties{
-			Name:                    &chainedName,
-			Rollback_index_location: &ril,
-			Private_key:             &props.Key,
-		})
+		chainedPartitions = append(chainedPartitions, name)
 
 		result = append(result, vbmetaModuleInfo{
 			moduleName:    name,
diff --git a/java/classpath_fragment.go b/java/classpath_fragment.go
index 18a5dae..fdccd3a 100644
--- a/java/classpath_fragment.go
+++ b/java/classpath_fragment.go
@@ -18,9 +18,10 @@
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
 	"github.com/google/blueprint"
 	"github.com/google/blueprint/proptools"
-	"strings"
 
 	"android/soong/android"
 )
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@
 func gatherPossibleApexModuleNamesAndStems(ctx android.ModuleContext, contents []string, tag blueprint.DependencyTag) []string {
 	set := map[string]struct{}{}
 	for _, name := range contents {
-		dep, _ := ctx.GetDirectDepWithTag(name, tag).(android.Module)
+		dep := ctx.GetDirectDepWithTag(name, tag)
 		set[ModuleStemForDeapexing(dep)] = struct{}{}
 		if m, ok := dep.(ModuleWithStem); ok {
 			set[m.Stem()] = struct{}{}
diff --git a/java/droiddoc.go b/java/droiddoc.go
index 2980d91..8271392 100644
--- a/java/droiddoc.go
+++ b/java/droiddoc.go
@@ -427,9 +427,9 @@
 	// Find the corresponding aconfig_declarations module name for such case.
 	for _, src := range j.properties.Srcs {
 		if moduleName, tag := android.SrcIsModuleWithTag(src); moduleName != "" {
-			otherModule := android.GetModuleFromPathDep(ctx, moduleName, tag)
+			otherModule := android.GetModuleProxyFromPathDep(ctx, moduleName, tag)
 			if otherModule != nil {
-				if dep, ok := android.OtherModuleProvider(ctx, otherModule, android.CodegenInfoProvider); ok {
+				if dep, ok := android.OtherModuleProvider(ctx, *otherModule, android.CodegenInfoProvider); ok {
 					deps.aconfigProtoFiles = append(deps.aconfigProtoFiles, dep.IntermediateCacheOutputPaths...)
 				}
 			}
diff --git a/ui/metrics/metrics_proto/Android.bp b/ui/metrics/metrics_proto/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aae5266
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/metrics/metrics_proto/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+python_library_host {
+    name: "soong-metrics-proto-py",
+    srcs: [
+        "metrics.proto",
+    ],
+    visibility: [
+        "//build/make/ci",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "libprotobuf-python",
+    ],
+    proto: {
+        include_dirs: ["external/protobuf/src"],
+        canonical_path_from_root: false,
+    },
+}