diff --git a/apex/classpath_element_test.go b/apex/classpath_element_test.go
index e2d8465..60f18bd 100644
--- a/apex/classpath_element_test.go
+++ b/apex/classpath_element_test.go
@@ -159,11 +159,6 @@
 			],
 		}
 
-		bootclasspath_fragment {
-			name: "non-apex-fragment",
-			contents: ["othersdklibrary"],
-		}
-
 		apex {
 			name: "otherapex",
 			key: "otherapex.key",
@@ -213,7 +208,6 @@
 	myFragment := result.Module("mybootclasspath-fragment", "android_common_apex10000")
 	myBar := result.Module("bar", "android_common_apex10000")
 
-	nonApexFragment := result.Module("non-apex-fragment", "android_common")
 	other := result.Module("othersdklibrary", "android_common_apex10000")
 
 	otherApexLibrary := result.Module("otherapexlibrary", "android_common_apex10000")
@@ -253,15 +247,6 @@
 		assertElementsEquals(t, "elements", expectedElements, elements)
 	})
 
-	// Verify that CreateClasspathElements detects when a fragment does not have an associated apex.
-	t.Run("non apex fragment", func(t *testing.T) {
-		ctx := newCtx()
-		elements := java.CreateClasspathElements(ctx, []android.Module{}, []android.Module{nonApexFragment})
-		android.FailIfNoMatchingErrors(t, "fragment non-apex-fragment{.*} is not part of an apex", ctx.errs)
-		expectedElements := java.ClasspathElements{}
-		assertElementsEquals(t, "elements", expectedElements, elements)
-	})
-
 	// Verify that CreateClasspathElements detects when an apex has multiple fragments.
 	t.Run("multiple fragments for same apex", func(t *testing.T) {
 		ctx := newCtx()
diff --git a/apex/platform_bootclasspath_test.go b/apex/platform_bootclasspath_test.go
index e0421f6..513ddc0 100644
--- a/apex/platform_bootclasspath_test.go
+++ b/apex/platform_bootclasspath_test.go
@@ -543,3 +543,140 @@
 		"out/soong/target/product/test_device/system/etc/classpaths",
 	)
 }
+
+func TestBootJarNotInApex(t *testing.T) {
+	android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		prepareForTestWithPlatformBootclasspath,
+		PrepareForTestWithApexBuildComponents,
+		prepareForTestWithMyapex,
+		java.FixtureConfigureApexBootJars("myapex:foo"),
+	).ExtendWithErrorHandler(android.FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(
+		`dependency "foo" of "myplatform-bootclasspath" missing variant`)).
+		RunTestWithBp(t, `
+			apex {
+				name: "myapex",
+				key: "myapex.key",
+				updatable: false,
+			}
+
+			apex_key {
+				name: "myapex.key",
+				public_key: "testkey.avbpubkey",
+				private_key: "testkey.pem",
+			}
+
+			java_library {
+				name: "foo",
+				srcs: ["b.java"],
+				installable: true,
+				apex_available: [
+					"myapex",
+				],
+			}
+
+			bootclasspath_fragment {
+				name: "not-in-apex-fragment",
+				contents: [
+					"foo",
+				],
+			}
+
+			platform_bootclasspath {
+				name: "myplatform-bootclasspath",
+			}
+		`)
+}
+
+func TestBootFragmentNotInApex(t *testing.T) {
+	android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		prepareForTestWithPlatformBootclasspath,
+		PrepareForTestWithApexBuildComponents,
+		prepareForTestWithMyapex,
+		java.FixtureConfigureApexBootJars("myapex:foo"),
+	).ExtendWithErrorHandler(android.FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(
+		`library foo.*have no corresponding fragment.*`)).RunTestWithBp(t, `
+			apex {
+				name: "myapex",
+				key: "myapex.key",
+				java_libs: ["foo"],
+				updatable: false,
+			}
+
+			apex_key {
+				name: "myapex.key",
+				public_key: "testkey.avbpubkey",
+				private_key: "testkey.pem",
+			}
+
+			java_library {
+				name: "foo",
+				srcs: ["b.java"],
+				installable: true,
+				apex_available: ["myapex"],
+				permitted_packages: ["foo"],
+			}
+
+			bootclasspath_fragment {
+				name: "not-in-apex-fragment",
+				contents: ["foo"],
+			}
+
+			platform_bootclasspath {
+				name: "myplatform-bootclasspath",
+			}
+		`)
+}
+
+func TestNonBootJarInFragment(t *testing.T) {
+	android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		prepareForTestWithPlatformBootclasspath,
+		PrepareForTestWithApexBuildComponents,
+		prepareForTestWithMyapex,
+		java.FixtureConfigureApexBootJars("myapex:foo"),
+	).ExtendWithErrorHandler(android.FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(
+		`in contents must also be declared in PRODUCT_APEX_BOOT_JARS`)).
+		RunTestWithBp(t, `
+			apex {
+				name: "myapex",
+				key: "myapex.key",
+				bootclasspath_fragments: ["apex-fragment"],
+				updatable: false,
+			}
+
+			apex_key {
+				name: "myapex.key",
+				public_key: "testkey.avbpubkey",
+				private_key: "testkey.pem",
+			}
+
+			java_library {
+				name: "foo",
+				srcs: ["b.java"],
+				installable: true,
+				apex_available: ["myapex"],
+				permitted_packages: ["foo"],
+			}
+
+			java_library {
+				name: "bar",
+				srcs: ["b.java"],
+				installable: true,
+				apex_available: ["myapex"],
+				permitted_packages: ["bar"],
+			}
+
+			bootclasspath_fragment {
+				name: "apex-fragment",
+				contents: ["foo", "bar"],
+				apex_available:[ "myapex" ],
+			}
+
+			platform_bootclasspath {
+				name: "myplatform-bootclasspath",
+				fragments: [{
+						apex: "myapex",
+						module:"apex-fragment",
+				}],
+			}
+		`)
+}
diff --git a/apex/systemserver_classpath_fragment_test.go b/apex/systemserver_classpath_fragment_test.go
index a64c6f4..a8d5931 100644
--- a/apex/systemserver_classpath_fragment_test.go
+++ b/apex/systemserver_classpath_fragment_test.go
@@ -130,3 +130,54 @@
 		`mysystemserverclasspathfragment`,
 	})
 }
+
+func TestSystemServerClasspathFragmentWithContentNotInMake(t *testing.T) {
+	android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		prepareForTestWithSystemserverclasspathFragment,
+		prepareForTestWithMyapex,
+		dexpreopt.FixtureSetApexSystemServerJars("myapex:foo"),
+	).
+		ExtendWithErrorHandler(android.FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(
+			`in contents must also be declared in PRODUCT_UPDATABLE_SYSTEM_SERVER_JARS`)).
+		RunTestWithBp(t, `
+			apex {
+				name: "myapex",
+				key: "myapex.key",
+				systemserverclasspath_fragments: [
+					"mysystemserverclasspathfragment",
+				],
+				updatable: false,
+			}
+
+			apex_key {
+				name: "myapex.key",
+				public_key: "testkey.avbpubkey",
+				private_key: "testkey.pem",
+			}
+
+			java_library {
+				name: "foo",
+				srcs: ["b.java"],
+				installable: true,
+				apex_available: ["myapex"],
+			}
+
+			java_library {
+				name: "bar",
+				srcs: ["b.java"],
+				installable: true,
+				apex_available: ["myapex"],
+			}
+
+			systemserverclasspath_fragment {
+				name: "mysystemserverclasspathfragment",
+				contents: [
+					"foo",
+					"bar",
+				],
+				apex_available: [
+					"myapex",
+				],
+			}
+		`)
+}