diff --git a/java/aar.go b/java/aar.go
index 479b5e0..c3d4fbe 100644
--- a/java/aar.go
+++ b/java/aar.go
@@ -805,8 +805,11 @@
 	a.linter.manifest = a.aapt.manifestPath
 	a.linter.resources = a.aapt.resourceFiles
 
-	a.Module.extraProguardFlagFiles = append(a.Module.extraProguardFlagFiles,
-		a.proguardOptionsFile)
+	proguardSpecInfo := a.collectProguardSpecInfo(ctx)
+	ctx.SetProvider(ProguardSpecInfoProvider, proguardSpecInfo)
+	a.exportedProguardFlagFiles = proguardSpecInfo.ProguardFlagsFiles.ToList()
+	a.extraProguardFlagFiles = append(a.extraProguardFlagFiles, a.exportedProguardFlagFiles...)
+	a.extraProguardFlagFiles = append(a.extraProguardFlagFiles, a.proguardOptionsFile)
 
 	var extraSrcJars android.Paths
 	var extraCombinedJars android.Paths
@@ -832,10 +835,6 @@
 		ctx.CheckbuildFile(a.aarFile)
 	}
 
-	proguardSpecInfo := a.collectProguardSpecInfo(ctx)
-	ctx.SetProvider(ProguardSpecInfoProvider, proguardSpecInfo)
-	a.exportedProguardFlagFiles = proguardSpecInfo.ProguardFlagsFiles.ToList()
-
 	prebuiltJniPackages := android.Paths{}
 	ctx.VisitDirectDeps(func(module android.Module) {
 		if info, ok := ctx.OtherModuleProvider(module, JniPackageProvider).(JniPackageInfo); ok {
diff --git a/java/dex.go b/java/dex.go
index 9ce5053..aa01783 100644
--- a/java/dex.go
+++ b/java/dex.go
@@ -300,6 +300,8 @@
 
 	flagFiles = append(flagFiles, android.PathsForModuleSrc(ctx, opt.Proguard_flags_files)...)
 
+	flagFiles = android.FirstUniquePaths(flagFiles)
+
 	r8Flags = append(r8Flags, android.JoinWithPrefix(flagFiles.Strings(), "-include "))
 	r8Deps = append(r8Deps, flagFiles...)
 
diff --git a/java/dex_test.go b/java/dex_test.go
index ec1ef15..1ecdae0 100644
--- a/java/dex_test.go
+++ b/java/dex_test.go
@@ -385,13 +385,53 @@
 func TestProguardFlagsInheritance(t *testing.T) {
 	directDepFlagsFileName := "direct_dep.flags"
 	transitiveDepFlagsFileName := "transitive_dep.flags"
-	bp := `
-		android_app {
-			name: "app",
-			static_libs: ["androidlib"], // this must be static_libs to initate dexing
-			platform_apis: true,
-		}
 
+	topLevelModules := []struct {
+		name       string
+		definition string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "android_app",
+			definition: `
+				android_app {
+					name: "app",
+					static_libs: ["androidlib"], // this must be static_libs to initate dexing
+					platform_apis: true,
+				}
+			`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "android_library",
+			definition: `
+				android_library {
+					name: "app",
+					static_libs: ["androidlib"], // this must be static_libs to initate dexing
+					installable: true,
+					optimize: {
+						enabled: true,
+						shrink: true,
+					},
+				}
+			`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "java_library",
+			definition: `
+				java_library {
+					name: "app",
+					static_libs: ["androidlib"], // this must be static_libs to initate dexing
+					srcs: ["Foo.java"],
+					installable: true,
+					optimize: {
+						enabled: true,
+						shrink: true,
+					},
+				}
+			`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	bp := `
 		android_library {
 			name: "androidlib",
 			static_libs: ["app_dep"],
@@ -558,43 +598,46 @@
 		},
 	}
 
-	for _, tc := range testcases {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
-				PrepareForTestWithJavaDefaultModules,
-				android.FixtureMergeMockFs(android.MockFS{
-					directDepFlagsFileName:     nil,
-					transitiveDepFlagsFileName: nil,
-				}),
-			).RunTestWithBp(t,
-				fmt.Sprintf(
-					bp,
-					tc.depType,
-					tc.transitiveDepType,
-					tc.depExportsFlagsFiles,
-					tc.transitiveDepExportsFlagsFiles,
-				),
-			)
-			appR8 := result.ModuleForTests("app", "android_common").Rule("r8")
+	for _, topLevelModuleDef := range topLevelModules {
+		for _, tc := range testcases {
+			t.Run(topLevelModuleDef.name+"-"+tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+				result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+					PrepareForTestWithJavaDefaultModules,
+					android.FixtureMergeMockFs(android.MockFS{
+						directDepFlagsFileName:     nil,
+						transitiveDepFlagsFileName: nil,
+					}),
+				).RunTestWithBp(t,
+					topLevelModuleDef.definition+
+						fmt.Sprintf(
+							bp,
+							tc.depType,
+							tc.transitiveDepType,
+							tc.depExportsFlagsFiles,
+							tc.transitiveDepExportsFlagsFiles,
+						),
+				)
+				appR8 := result.ModuleForTests("app", "android_common").Rule("r8")
 
-			shouldHaveDepFlags := android.InList(directDepFlagsFileName, tc.expectedFlagsFiles)
-			if shouldHaveDepFlags {
-				android.AssertStringDoesContain(t, "expected deps's proguard flags",
-					appR8.Args["r8Flags"], directDepFlagsFileName)
-			} else {
-				android.AssertStringDoesNotContain(t, "app did not expect deps's proguard flags",
-					appR8.Args["r8Flags"], directDepFlagsFileName)
-			}
+				shouldHaveDepFlags := android.InList(directDepFlagsFileName, tc.expectedFlagsFiles)
+				if shouldHaveDepFlags {
+					android.AssertStringDoesContain(t, "expected deps's proguard flags",
+						appR8.Args["r8Flags"], directDepFlagsFileName)
+				} else {
+					android.AssertStringDoesNotContain(t, "app did not expect deps's proguard flags",
+						appR8.Args["r8Flags"], directDepFlagsFileName)
+				}
 
-			shouldHaveTransitiveDepFlags := android.InList(transitiveDepFlagsFileName, tc.expectedFlagsFiles)
-			if shouldHaveTransitiveDepFlags {
-				android.AssertStringDoesContain(t, "expected transitive deps's proguard flags",
-					appR8.Args["r8Flags"], transitiveDepFlagsFileName)
-			} else {
-				android.AssertStringDoesNotContain(t, "app did not expect transitive deps's proguard flags",
-					appR8.Args["r8Flags"], transitiveDepFlagsFileName)
-			}
-		})
+				shouldHaveTransitiveDepFlags := android.InList(transitiveDepFlagsFileName, tc.expectedFlagsFiles)
+				if shouldHaveTransitiveDepFlags {
+					android.AssertStringDoesContain(t, "expected transitive deps's proguard flags",
+						appR8.Args["r8Flags"], transitiveDepFlagsFileName)
+				} else {
+					android.AssertStringDoesNotContain(t, "app did not expect transitive deps's proguard flags",
+						appR8.Args["r8Flags"], transitiveDepFlagsFileName)
+				}
+			})
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -606,11 +649,6 @@
 			platform_apis: true,
 		}
 
-		android_library {
-			name: "androidlib",
-			static_libs: ["aarimport"],
-		}
-
 		android_library_import {
 			name: "aarimport",
 			aars: ["import.aar"],
diff --git a/java/java.go b/java/java.go
index bc24050..55efb5f 100644
--- a/java/java.go
+++ b/java/java.go
@@ -697,6 +697,11 @@
 
 	j.stem = proptools.StringDefault(j.overridableDeviceProperties.Stem, ctx.ModuleName())
 
+	proguardSpecInfo := j.collectProguardSpecInfo(ctx)
+	ctx.SetProvider(ProguardSpecInfoProvider, proguardSpecInfo)
+	j.exportedProguardFlagFiles = proguardSpecInfo.ProguardFlagsFiles.ToList()
+	j.extraProguardFlagFiles = append(j.extraProguardFlagFiles, j.exportedProguardFlagFiles...)
+
 	apexInfo := ctx.Provider(android.ApexInfoProvider).(android.ApexInfo)
 	if !apexInfo.IsForPlatform() {
 		j.hideApexVariantFromMake = true
@@ -741,10 +746,6 @@
 		}
 		j.installFile = ctx.InstallFile(installDir, j.Stem()+".jar", j.outputFile, extraInstallDeps...)
 	}
-
-	proguardSpecInfo := j.collectProguardSpecInfo(ctx)
-	ctx.SetProvider(ProguardSpecInfoProvider, proguardSpecInfo)
-	j.exportedProguardFlagFiles = proguardSpecInfo.ProguardFlagsFiles.ToList()
 }
 
 func (j *Library) DepsMutator(ctx android.BottomUpMutatorContext) {