diff --git a/Android.bp b/Android.bp
index 0d1ff02..c37d777 100644
--- a/Android.bp
+++ b/Android.bp
@@ -121,20 +121,6 @@
     name: "dexpreopt_systemserver_check",
 }
 
-// buildinfo.prop contains common properties for system/build.prop, like ro.build.version.*
-// TODO(b/322090587): merge this to gen_build_prop.py script.
-buildinfo_prop {
-    name: "buildinfo.prop",
-
-    // not installable because this will be included to system/build.prop
-    installable: false,
-
-    product_config: ":product_config",
-
-    // Currently, only microdroid can refer to buildinfo.prop
-    visibility: ["//packages/modules/Virtualization/build/microdroid"],
-}
-
 // container for apex_contributions selected using build flags
 all_apex_contributions {
     name: "all_apex_contributions",
@@ -144,3 +130,14 @@
     name: "product_config",
     visibility: ["//device/google/cuttlefish/system_image"],
 }
+
+build_prop {
+    name: "system-build.prop",
+    stem: "build.prop",
+    product_config: ":product_config",
+    // Currently, only microdroid and cf system image can refer to system-build.prop
+    visibility: [
+        "//device/google/cuttlefish/system_image",
+        "//packages/modules/Virtualization/build/microdroid",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/android/Android.bp b/android/Android.bp
index 774d24a..ee19021 100644
--- a/android/Android.bp
+++ b/android/Android.bp
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@
         "arch_module_context.go",
         "base_module_context.go",
         "build_prop.go",
-        "buildinfo_prop.go",
         "compliance_metadata.go",
         "config.go",
         "container.go",
diff --git a/android/build_prop.go b/android/build_prop.go
index 45c17c3..c226431 100644
--- a/android/build_prop.go
+++ b/android/build_prop.go
@@ -31,10 +31,6 @@
 	// properties in prop_files.
 	Block_list []string
 
-	// Path to the input prop files. The contents of the files are directly
-	// emitted to the output
-	Prop_files []string `android:"path"`
-
 	// Files to be appended at the end of build.prop. These files are appended after
 	// post_process_props without any further checking.
 	Footer_files []string `android:"path"`
@@ -56,6 +52,29 @@
 	return proptools.StringDefault(p.properties.Stem, "build.prop")
 }
 
+func (p *buildPropModule) propFiles(ctx ModuleContext) Paths {
+	partition := p.PartitionTag(ctx.DeviceConfig())
+	if partition == "system" {
+		return ctx.Config().SystemPropFiles(ctx)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func shouldAddBuildThumbprint(config Config) bool {
+	knownOemProperties := []string{
+		"ro.product.brand",
+		"ro.product.name",
+		"ro.product.device",
+	}
+
+	for _, knownProp := range knownOemProperties {
+		if InList(knownProp, config.OemProperties()) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 func (p *buildPropModule) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ctx ModuleContext) {
 	p.outputFilePath = PathForModuleOut(ctx, "build.prop").OutputPath
 	if !ctx.Config().KatiEnabled() {
@@ -93,6 +112,7 @@
 	cmd.FlagWithInput("--platform-preview-sdk-fingerprint-file=", ApiFingerprintPath(ctx))
 	cmd.FlagWithInput("--product-config=", PathForModuleSrc(ctx, proptools.String(p.properties.Product_config)))
 	cmd.FlagWithArg("--partition=", partition)
+	cmd.FlagForEachInput("--prop-files=", ctx.Config().SystemPropFiles(ctx))
 	cmd.FlagWithOutput("--out=", p.outputFilePath)
 
 	postProcessCmd := rule.Command().BuiltTool("post_process_props")
@@ -114,6 +134,19 @@
 	ctx.SetOutputFiles(Paths{p.outputFilePath}, "")
 }
 
+func (p *buildPropModule) AndroidMkEntries() []AndroidMkEntries {
+	return []AndroidMkEntries{{
+		Class:      "ETC",
+		OutputFile: OptionalPathForPath(p.outputFilePath),
+		ExtraEntries: []AndroidMkExtraEntriesFunc{
+			func(ctx AndroidMkExtraEntriesContext, entries *AndroidMkEntries) {
+				entries.SetString("LOCAL_MODULE_PATH", p.installPath.String())
+				entries.SetString("LOCAL_INSTALLED_MODULE_STEM", p.outputFilePath.Base())
+			},
+		},
+	}}
+}
+
 // build_prop module generates {partition}/build.prop file. At first common build properties are
 // printed based on Soong config variables. And then prop_files are printed as-is. Finally,
 // post_process_props tool is run to check if the result build.prop is valid or not.
diff --git a/android/buildinfo_prop.go b/android/buildinfo_prop.go
deleted file mode 100644
index bba4c0d..0000000
--- a/android/buildinfo_prop.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,132 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2022 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package android
-
-import (
-	"github.com/google/blueprint/proptools"
-)
-
-func init() {
-	ctx := InitRegistrationContext
-	ctx.RegisterModuleType("buildinfo_prop", buildinfoPropFactory)
-}
-
-type buildinfoPropProperties struct {
-	// Whether this module is directly installable to one of the partitions. Default: true.
-	Installable *bool
-
-	Product_config *string `android:"path"`
-}
-
-type buildinfoPropModule struct {
-	ModuleBase
-
-	properties buildinfoPropProperties
-
-	outputFilePath OutputPath
-	installPath    InstallPath
-}
-
-func (p *buildinfoPropModule) installable() bool {
-	return proptools.BoolDefault(p.properties.Installable, true)
-}
-
-func shouldAddBuildThumbprint(config Config) bool {
-	knownOemProperties := []string{
-		"ro.product.brand",
-		"ro.product.name",
-		"ro.product.device",
-	}
-
-	for _, knownProp := range knownOemProperties {
-		if InList(knownProp, config.OemProperties()) {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-func (p *buildinfoPropModule) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ctx ModuleContext) {
-	if ctx.ModuleName() != "buildinfo.prop" || ctx.ModuleDir() != "build/soong" {
-		ctx.ModuleErrorf("There can only be one buildinfo_prop module in build/soong")
-		return
-	}
-	p.outputFilePath = PathForModuleOut(ctx, p.Name()).OutputPath
-	ctx.SetOutputFiles(Paths{p.outputFilePath}, "")
-
-	if !ctx.Config().KatiEnabled() {
-		WriteFileRule(ctx, p.outputFilePath, "# no buildinfo.prop if kati is disabled")
-		return
-	}
-
-	rule := NewRuleBuilder(pctx, ctx)
-
-	config := ctx.Config()
-
-	cmd := rule.Command().BuiltTool("buildinfo")
-
-	cmd.FlagWithInput("--build-hostname-file=", config.BuildHostnameFile(ctx))
-	// Note: depending on BuildNumberFile will cause the build.prop file to be rebuilt
-	// every build, but that's intentional.
-	cmd.FlagWithInput("--build-number-file=", config.BuildNumberFile(ctx))
-	// Export build thumbprint only if the product has specified at least one oem fingerprint property
-	// b/17888863
-	if shouldAddBuildThumbprint(config) {
-		// In the previous make implementation, a dependency was not added on the thumbprint file
-		cmd.FlagWithArg("--build-thumbprint-file=", config.BuildThumbprintFile(ctx).String())
-	}
-	cmd.FlagWithArg("--build-username=", config.Getenv("BUILD_USERNAME"))
-	// Technically we should also have a dependency on BUILD_DATETIME_FILE,
-	// but it can be either an absolute or relative path, which is hard to turn into
-	// a Path object. So just rely on the BuildNumberFile always changing to cause
-	// us to rebuild.
-	cmd.FlagWithArg("--date-file=", ctx.Config().Getenv("BUILD_DATETIME_FILE"))
-	cmd.FlagWithInput("--platform-preview-sdk-fingerprint-file=", ApiFingerprintPath(ctx))
-	cmd.FlagWithInput("--product-config=", PathForModuleSrc(ctx, proptools.String(p.properties.Product_config)))
-	cmd.FlagWithOutput("--out=", p.outputFilePath)
-
-	rule.Build(ctx.ModuleName(), "generating buildinfo props")
-
-	if !p.installable() {
-		p.SkipInstall()
-	}
-
-	p.installPath = PathForModuleInstall(ctx)
-	ctx.InstallFile(p.installPath, p.Name(), p.outputFilePath)
-}
-
-func (p *buildinfoPropModule) AndroidMkEntries() []AndroidMkEntries {
-	return []AndroidMkEntries{{
-		Class:      "ETC",
-		OutputFile: OptionalPathForPath(p.outputFilePath),
-		ExtraEntries: []AndroidMkExtraEntriesFunc{
-			func(ctx AndroidMkExtraEntriesContext, entries *AndroidMkEntries) {
-				entries.SetString("LOCAL_MODULE_PATH", p.installPath.String())
-				entries.SetString("LOCAL_INSTALLED_MODULE_STEM", p.outputFilePath.Base())
-				entries.SetBoolIfTrue("LOCAL_UNINSTALLABLE_MODULE", !p.installable())
-			},
-		},
-	}}
-}
-
-// buildinfo_prop module generates a build.prop file, which contains a set of common
-// system/build.prop properties, such as ro.build.version.*.  Not all properties are implemented;
-// currently this module is only for microdroid.
-func buildinfoPropFactory() Module {
-	module := &buildinfoPropModule{}
-	module.AddProperties(&module.properties)
-	InitAndroidModule(module)
-	return module
-}
diff --git a/android/config.go b/android/config.go
index eff9fdd..92aae7e 100644
--- a/android/config.go
+++ b/android/config.go
@@ -2077,3 +2077,7 @@
 
 	return Bool(c.productVariables.Eng)
 }
+
+func (c *config) SystemPropFiles(ctx PathContext) Paths {
+	return PathsForSource(ctx, c.productVariables.SystemPropFiles)
+}
diff --git a/android/variable.go b/android/variable.go
index eb0e210..5356e85 100644
--- a/android/variable.go
+++ b/android/variable.go
@@ -506,6 +506,8 @@
 	OemProperties []string `json:",omitempty"`
 
 	ArtTargetIncludeDebugBuild *bool `json:",omitempty"`
+
+	SystemPropFiles []string `json:",omitempty"`
 }
 
 type PartitionQualifiedVariablesType struct {
diff --git a/scripts/Android.bp b/scripts/Android.bp
index 91aa195..3d81b83 100644
--- a/scripts/Android.bp
+++ b/scripts/Android.bp
@@ -306,12 +306,6 @@
 }
 
 python_binary_host {
-    name: "buildinfo",
-    main: "buildinfo.py",
-    srcs: ["buildinfo.py"],
-}
-
-python_binary_host {
     name: "extra_install_zips_file_list",
     main: "extra_install_zips_file_list.py",
     srcs: ["extra_install_zips_file_list.py"],
diff --git a/scripts/buildinfo.py b/scripts/buildinfo.py
deleted file mode 100755
index 8a24b63..0000000
--- a/scripts/buildinfo.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,191 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-#
-"""A tool for generating buildinfo.prop"""
-
-import argparse
-import contextlib
-import json
-import os
-import subprocess
-
-TEST_KEY_DIR = "build/make/target/product/security"
-
-def get_build_variant(product_config):
-  if product_config["Eng"]:
-    return "eng"
-  elif product_config["Debuggable"]:
-    return "userdebug"
-  else:
-    return "user"
-
-def get_build_flavor(product_config):
-  build_flavor = product_config["DeviceProduct"] + "-" + get_build_variant(product_config)
-  if "address" in product_config.get("SanitizeDevice", []) and "_asan" not in build_flavor:
-    build_flavor += "_asan"
-  return build_flavor
-
-def get_build_keys(product_config):
-  default_cert = product_config.get("DefaultAppCertificate", "")
-  if default_cert == "" or default_cert == os.path.join(TEST_KEY_DIR, "testKey"):
-    return "test-keys"
-  return "dev-keys"
-
-def parse_args():
-  """Parse commandline arguments."""
-  parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-  parser.add_argument('--build-hostname-file', required=True, type=argparse.FileType('r')),
-  parser.add_argument('--build-number-file', required=True, type=argparse.FileType('r'))
-  parser.add_argument('--build-thumbprint-file', type=argparse.FileType('r'))
-  parser.add_argument('--build-username', required=True)
-  parser.add_argument('--date-file', required=True, type=argparse.FileType('r'))
-  parser.add_argument('--platform-preview-sdk-fingerprint-file',
-                      required=True,
-                      type=argparse.FileType('r'))
-  parser.add_argument('--product-config', required=True, type=argparse.FileType('r'))
-  parser.add_argument('--out', required=True, type=argparse.FileType('w'))
-
-  option = parser.parse_args()
-
-  product_config = json.load(option.product_config)
-  build_flags = product_config["BuildFlags"]
-
-  option.build_flavor = get_build_flavor(product_config)
-  option.build_keys = get_build_keys(product_config)
-  option.build_id = product_config["BuildId"]
-  option.build_type = product_config["BuildType"]
-  option.build_variant = get_build_variant(product_config)
-  option.build_version_tags = product_config["BuildVersionTags"]
-  option.cpu_abis = product_config["DeviceAbi"]
-  option.default_locale = None
-  if len(product_config.get("ProductLocales", [])) > 0:
-    option.default_locale = product_config["ProductLocales"][0]
-  option.default_wifi_channels = product_config.get("ProductDefaultWifiChannels", [])
-  option.device = product_config["DeviceName"]
-  option.display_build_number = product_config["DisplayBuildNumber"]
-  option.platform_base_os = product_config["Platform_base_os"]
-  option.platform_display_version = product_config["Platform_display_version_name"]
-  option.platform_min_supported_target_sdk_version = build_flags["RELEASE_PLATFORM_MIN_SUPPORTED_TARGET_SDK_VERSION"]
-  option.platform_preview_sdk_version = product_config["Platform_preview_sdk_version"]
-  option.platform_sdk_version = product_config["Platform_sdk_version"]
-  option.platform_security_patch = product_config["Platform_security_patch"]
-  option.platform_version = product_config["Platform_version_name"]
-  option.platform_version_codename = product_config["Platform_sdk_codename"]
-  option.platform_version_all_codenames = product_config["Platform_version_active_codenames"]
-  option.platform_version_known_codenames = product_config["Platform_version_known_codenames"]
-  option.platform_version_last_stable = product_config["Platform_version_last_stable"]
-  option.product = product_config["DeviceProduct"]
-  option.use_vbmeta_digest_in_fingerprint = product_config["BoardUseVbmetaDigestInFingerprint"]
-
-  return option
-
-def main():
-  option = parse_args()
-
-  build_hostname = option.build_hostname_file.read().strip()
-  build_number = option.build_number_file.read().strip()
-  build_version_tags_list = option.build_version_tags
-  if option.build_type == "debug":
-    build_version_tags_list.append("debug")
-  build_version_tags_list.append(option.build_keys)
-  build_version_tags = ",".join(sorted(set(build_version_tags_list)))
-
-  raw_date = option.date_file.read().strip()
-  date = subprocess.check_output(["date", "-d", f"@{raw_date}"], text=True).strip()
-  date_utc = subprocess.check_output(["date", "-d", f"@{raw_date}", "+%s"], text=True).strip()
-
-  # build_desc is human readable strings that describe this build. This has the same info as the
-  # build fingerprint.
-  # e.g. "aosp_cf_x86_64_phone-userdebug VanillaIceCream MAIN eng.20240319.143939 test-keys"
-  build_desc = f"{option.product}-{option.build_variant} {option.platform_version} " \
-               f"{option.build_id} {build_number} {build_version_tags}"
-
-  platform_preview_sdk_fingerprint = option.platform_preview_sdk_fingerprint_file.read().strip()
-
-  with contextlib.redirect_stdout(option.out):
-    print("# begin build properties")
-    print("# autogenerated by buildinfo.py")
-
-    # The ro.build.id will be set dynamically by init, by appending the unique vbmeta digest.
-    if option.use_vbmeta_digest_in_fingerprint:
-      print(f"ro.build.legacy.id={option.build_id}")
-    else:
-      print(f"ro.build.id?={option.build_id}")
-
-    # ro.build.display.id is shown under Settings -> About Phone
-    if option.build_variant == "user":
-      # User builds should show:
-      # release build number or branch.buld_number non-release builds
-
-      # Dev. branches should have DISPLAY_BUILD_NUMBER set
-      if option.display_build_number:
-        print(f"ro.build.display.id?={option.build_id}.{build_number} {option.build_keys}")
-      else:
-        print(f"ro.build.display.id?={option.build_id} {option.build_keys}")
-    else:
-      # Non-user builds should show detailed build information (See build desc above)
-      print(f"ro.build.display.id?={build_desc}")
-    print(f"ro.build.version.incremental={build_number}")
-    print(f"ro.build.version.sdk={option.platform_sdk_version}")
-    print(f"ro.build.version.preview_sdk={option.platform_preview_sdk_version}")
-    print(f"ro.build.version.preview_sdk_fingerprint={platform_preview_sdk_fingerprint}")
-    print(f"ro.build.version.codename={option.platform_version_codename}")
-    print(f"ro.build.version.all_codenames={','.join(option.platform_version_all_codenames)}")
-    print(f"ro.build.version.known_codenames={option.platform_version_known_codenames}")
-    print(f"ro.build.version.release={option.platform_version_last_stable}")
-    print(f"ro.build.version.release_or_codename={option.platform_version}")
-    print(f"ro.build.version.release_or_preview_display={option.platform_display_version}")
-    print(f"ro.build.version.security_patch={option.platform_security_patch}")
-    print(f"ro.build.version.base_os={option.platform_base_os}")
-    print(f"ro.build.version.min_supported_target_sdk={option.platform_min_supported_target_sdk_version}")
-    print(f"ro.build.date={date}")
-    print(f"ro.build.date.utc={date_utc}")
-    print(f"ro.build.type={option.build_variant}")
-    print(f"ro.build.user={option.build_username}")
-    print(f"ro.build.host={build_hostname}")
-    # TODO: Remove any tag-related optional property declarations once the goals
-    # from go/arc-android-sigprop-changes have been achieved.
-    print(f"ro.build.tags?={build_version_tags}")
-    # ro.build.flavor are used only by the test harness to distinguish builds.
-    # Only add _asan for a sanitized build if it isn't already a part of the
-    # flavor (via a dedicated lunch config for example).
-    print(f"ro.build.flavor={option.build_flavor}")
-
-    # These values are deprecated, use "ro.product.cpu.abilist"
-    # instead (see below).
-    print(f"# ro.product.cpu.abi and ro.product.cpu.abi2 are obsolete,")
-    print(f"# use ro.product.cpu.abilist instead.")
-    print(f"ro.product.cpu.abi={option.cpu_abis[0]}")
-    if len(option.cpu_abis) > 1:
-      print(f"ro.product.cpu.abi2={option.cpu_abis[1]}")
-
-    if option.default_locale:
-      print(f"ro.product.locale={option.default_locale}")
-    print(f"ro.wifi.channels={' '.join(option.default_wifi_channels)}")
-
-    print(f"# ro.build.product is obsolete; use ro.product.device")
-    print(f"ro.build.product={option.device}")
-
-    print(f"# Do not try to parse description or thumbprint")
-    print(f"ro.build.description?={build_desc}")
-    if option.build_thumbprint_file:
-      build_thumbprint = option.build_thumbprint_file.read().strip()
-      print(f"ro.build.thumbprint={build_thumbprint}")
-
-    print(f"# end build properties")
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-  main()
diff --git a/scripts/gen_build_prop.py b/scripts/gen_build_prop.py
index 9ea56cb..56ce14f 100644
--- a/scripts/gen_build_prop.py
+++ b/scripts/gen_build_prop.py
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@
   config = args.config
 
   # Add the product-defined properties to the build properties.
-  if config["PropertySplitEnabled"] or config["VendorImageFileSystemType"]:
+  if not config["PropertySplitEnabled"] or not config["VendorImageFileSystemType"]:
     if "PRODUCT_PROPERTY_OVERRIDES" in config:
       props += config["PRODUCT_PROPERTY_OVERRIDES"]
 
@@ -311,6 +311,7 @@
   props.append("ro.postinstall.fstab.prefix=/system")
 
   enable_target_debugging = True
+  enable_dalvik_lock_contention_logging = True
   if config["BuildVariant"] == "user" or config["BuildVariant"] == "userdebug":
     # Target is secure in user builds.
     props.append("ro.secure=1")
@@ -320,6 +321,12 @@
       # Disable debugging in plain user builds.
       props.append("ro.adb.secure=1")
       enable_target_debugging = False
+      enable_dalvik_lock_contention_logging = False
+    else:
+      # Disable debugging in userdebug builds if PRODUCT_NOT_DEBUGGABLE_IN_USERDEBUG
+      # is set.
+      if config["ProductNotDebuggableInUserdebug"]:
+        enable_target_debugging = False
 
     # Disallow mock locations by default for user builds
     props.append("ro.allow.mock.location=0")
@@ -331,10 +338,11 @@
     # Allow mock locations by default for non user builds
     props.append("ro.allow.mock.location=1")
 
-  if enable_target_debugging:
+  if enable_dalvik_lock_contention_logging:
     # Enable Dalvik lock contention logging.
     props.append("dalvik.vm.lockprof.threshold=500")
 
+  if enable_target_debugging:
     # Target is more debuggable and adbd is on by default
     props.append("ro.debuggable=1")
   else:
@@ -416,7 +424,7 @@
   # This must not be defined for the non-GRF devices.
   # The values of the GRF properties will be verified by post_process_props.py
   if config["BoardShippingApiLevel"]:
-    props.append(f"ro.board.first_api_level={config['ProductShippingApiLevel']}")
+    props.append(f"ro.board.first_api_level={config['BoardShippingApiLevel']}")
 
   # Build system set BOARD_API_LEVEL to show the api level of the vendor API surface.
   # This must not be altered outside of build system.
@@ -475,6 +483,9 @@
   if config["NoBionicPageSizeMacro"]:
     props.append(f"ro.product.build.no_bionic_page_size_macro=true")
 
+  # This is a temporary system property that controls the ART module. The plan is
+  # to remove it by Aug 2025, at which time Mainline updates of the ART module
+  # will ignore it as well.
   # If the value is "default", it will be mangled by post_process_props.py.
   props.append(f"ro.dalvik.vm.enable_uffd_gc={config['EnableUffdGc']}")