diff --git a/android/arch.go b/android/arch.go
index 4b4691b..152016c 100644
--- a/android/arch.go
+++ b/android/arch.go
@@ -1884,10 +1884,10 @@
 		buildTargets = filterMultilibTargets(targets, "lib64")
 		// Reverse the targets so that the first architecture can depend on the second
 		// architecture module in order to merge the outputs.
-		reverseSliceInPlace(buildTargets)
+		ReverseSliceInPlace(buildTargets)
 	case "darwin_universal_common_first":
 		archTargets := filterMultilibTargets(targets, "lib64")
-		reverseSliceInPlace(archTargets)
+		ReverseSliceInPlace(archTargets)
 		buildTargets = append(getCommonTargets(targets), archTargets...)
 	default:
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf(`compile_multilib must be "both", "first", "32", "64", "prefer32" or "first_prefer32" found %q`,
diff --git a/android/bazel_handler.go b/android/bazel_handler.go
index d5ccfca..5d93f06 100644
--- a/android/bazel_handler.go
+++ b/android/bazel_handler.go
@@ -1270,6 +1270,12 @@
 		// because this would cause circular dependency. So, until we move aquery processing
 		// to the 'android' package, we need to handle special cases here.
 		switch buildStatement.Mnemonic {
+		case "RepoMappingManifest":
+			// It appears RepoMappingManifest files currently have
+			// non-deterministic content. Just emit empty files for
+			// now because they're unused.
+			out := PathForBazelOut(ctx, buildStatement.OutputPaths[0])
+			WriteFileRuleVerbatim(ctx, out, "")
 		case "FileWrite", "SourceSymlinkManifest":
 			out := PathForBazelOut(ctx, buildStatement.OutputPaths[0])
 			WriteFileRuleVerbatim(ctx, out, buildStatement.FileContents)
diff --git a/android/config.go b/android/config.go
index 839ff05..fa43962 100644
--- a/android/config.go
+++ b/android/config.go
@@ -701,6 +701,10 @@
 		if c.productVariables.DeviceArch != nil && *c.productVariables.DeviceArch == "riscv64" {
 			return false
 		}
+		// Disable Bazel when Kythe is running
+		if c.EmitXrefRules() {
+			return false
+		}
 		if c.IsEnvTrue("GLOBAL_THINLTO") {
 			return false
 		}
diff --git a/android/depset_generic.go b/android/depset_generic.go
index ae14d32..45c1937 100644
--- a/android/depset_generic.go
+++ b/android/depset_generic.go
@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@
 	if order == TOPOLOGICAL {
 		// TOPOLOGICAL is implemented as a postorder traversal followed by reversing the output.
 		// Pre-reverse the inputs here so their order is maintained in the output.
-		directCopy = reverseSlice(direct)
-		transitiveCopy = reverseSlice(transitive)
+		directCopy = ReverseSlice(direct)
+		transitiveCopy = ReverseSlice(transitive)
 	} else {
 		directCopy = append([]T(nil), direct...)
 		transitiveCopy = append([]*DepSet[T](nil), transitive...)
@@ -175,16 +175,6 @@
 // its transitive dependencies, in which case the ordering of the duplicated element is not
 // guaranteed).
 func (d *DepSet[T]) ToList() []T {
-	return d.toList(firstUnique[T])
-}
-
-// toList returns the DepSet flattened to a list.  The order in the list is based on the order
-// of the DepSet.  POSTORDER and PREORDER orders return a postordered or preordered left to right
-// flattened list.  TOPOLOGICAL returns a list that guarantees that elements of children are listed
-// after all of their parents (unless there are duplicate direct elements in the DepSet or any of
-// its transitive dependencies, in which case the ordering of the duplicated element is not
-// guaranteed).  The firstUniqueFunc is used to remove duplicates from the list.
-func (d *DepSet[T]) toList(firstUniqueFunc func([]T) []T) []T {
 	if d == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -192,9 +182,9 @@
 	d.walk(func(paths []T) {
 		list = append(list, paths...)
 	})
-	list = firstUniqueFunc(list)
+	list = firstUniqueInPlace(list)
 	if d.reverse {
-		reverseSliceInPlace(list)
+		ReverseSliceInPlace(list)
 	}
 	return list
 }
diff --git a/android/util.go b/android/util.go
index 9695454..e17d7b2 100644
--- a/android/util.go
+++ b/android/util.go
@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@
 )
 
 // CopyOf returns a new slice that has the same contents as s.
-func CopyOf(s []string) []string {
+func CopyOf[T any](s []T) []T {
 	// If the input is nil, return nil and not an empty list
 	if s == nil {
 		return s
 	}
-	return append([]string{}, s...)
+	return append([]T{}, s...)
 }
 
 // Concat returns a new slice concatenated from the two input slices. It does not change the input
@@ -288,22 +288,25 @@
 }
 
 // FirstUniqueStrings returns all unique elements of a slice of strings, keeping the first copy of
-// each.  It modifies the slice contents in place, and returns a subslice of the original slice.
+// each.  It does not modify the input slice.
 func FirstUniqueStrings(list []string) []string {
-	// Do not moodify the input in-place, operate on a copy instead.
-	list = CopyOf(list)
-	// 128 was chosen based on BenchmarkFirstUniqueStrings results.
-	if len(list) > 128 {
-		return firstUnique(list)
-	}
 	return firstUnique(list)
 }
 
 // firstUnique returns all unique elements of a slice, keeping the first copy of each.  It
-// modifies the slice contents in place, and returns a subslice of the original slice.
+// does not modify the input slice.
 func firstUnique[T comparable](slice []T) []T {
-	// 4 was chosen based on Benchmark_firstUnique results.
-	if len(slice) > 4 {
+	// Do not modify the input in-place, operate on a copy instead.
+	slice = CopyOf(slice)
+	return firstUniqueInPlace(slice)
+}
+
+// firstUniqueInPlace returns all unique elements of a slice, keeping the first copy of
+// each.  It modifies the slice contents in place, and returns a subslice of the original
+// slice.
+func firstUniqueInPlace[T comparable](slice []T) []T {
+	// 128 was chosen based on BenchmarkFirstUniqueStrings results.
+	if len(slice) > 128 {
 		return firstUniqueMap(slice)
 	}
 	return firstUniqueList(slice)
@@ -348,15 +351,19 @@
 	return in[0:writeIndex]
 }
 
-// reverseSliceInPlace reverses the elements of a slice in place.
-func reverseSliceInPlace[T any](in []T) {
+// ReverseSliceInPlace reverses the elements of a slice in place and returns it.
+func ReverseSliceInPlace[T any](in []T) []T {
 	for i, j := 0, len(in)-1; i < j; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
 		in[i], in[j] = in[j], in[i]
 	}
+	return in
 }
 
-// reverseSlice returns a copy of a slice in reverse order.
-func reverseSlice[T any](in []T) []T {
+// ReverseSlice returns a copy of a slice in reverse order.
+func ReverseSlice[T any](in []T) []T {
+	if in == nil {
+		return in
+	}
 	out := make([]T, len(in))
 	for i := 0; i < len(in); i++ {
 		out[i] = in[len(in)-1-i]
diff --git a/android/util_test.go b/android/util_test.go
index bee31a9..20161e5 100644
--- a/android/util_test.go
+++ b/android/util_test.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"unsafe"
 )
 
 var firstUniqueStringsTestCases = []struct {
@@ -385,7 +386,7 @@
 	emptyList := []string{}
 	copyOfEmptyList := CopyOf(emptyList)
 	AssertBoolEquals(t, "Copy of an empty list should be an empty list and not nil", true, copyOfEmptyList != nil)
-	copyOfNilList := CopyOf(nil)
+	copyOfNilList := CopyOf([]string(nil))
 	AssertBoolEquals(t, "Copy of a nil list should be a nil list and not an empty list", true, copyOfNilList == nil)
 }
 
@@ -754,3 +755,65 @@
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+var reverseTestCases = []struct {
+	name     string
+	in       []string
+	expected []string
+}{
+	{
+		name:     "nil",
+		in:       nil,
+		expected: nil,
+	},
+	{
+		name:     "empty",
+		in:       []string{},
+		expected: []string{},
+	},
+	{
+		name:     "one",
+		in:       []string{"one"},
+		expected: []string{"one"},
+	},
+	{
+		name:     "even",
+		in:       []string{"one", "two"},
+		expected: []string{"two", "one"},
+	},
+	{
+		name:     "odd",
+		in:       []string{"one", "two", "three"},
+		expected: []string{"three", "two", "one"},
+	},
+}
+
+func TestReverseSliceInPlace(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, testCase := range reverseTestCases {
+		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			slice := CopyOf(testCase.in)
+			slice2 := slice
+			ReverseSliceInPlace(slice)
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(slice, testCase.expected) {
+				t.Errorf("expected %#v, got %#v", testCase.expected, slice)
+			}
+			if unsafe.SliceData(slice) != unsafe.SliceData(slice2) {
+				t.Errorf("expected slices to share backing array")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReverseSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, testCase := range reverseTestCases {
+		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			slice := ReverseSlice(testCase.in)
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(slice, testCase.expected) {
+				t.Errorf("expected %#v, got %#v", testCase.expected, slice)
+			}
+			if slice != nil && unsafe.SliceData(testCase.in) == unsafe.SliceData(slice) {
+				t.Errorf("expected slices to have different backing arrays")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/android_sdk/sdk_repo_host.go b/android_sdk/sdk_repo_host.go
index 9623a8b..7212a07 100644
--- a/android_sdk/sdk_repo_host.go
+++ b/android_sdk/sdk_repo_host.go
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@
 		}
 	} else {
 		llvmStrip := config.ClangPath(ctx, "bin/llvm-strip")
-		llvmLib := config.ClangPath(ctx, "lib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/libc++.so.1")
+		llvmLib := config.ClangPath(ctx, "lib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/libc++.so")
 		for _, strip := range s.properties.Strip_files {
 			cmd := builder.Command().Tool(llvmStrip).ImplicitTool(llvmLib)
 			if !ctx.Windows() {
diff --git a/bazel/aquery.go b/bazel/aquery.go
index 95e52ae..480158c 100644
--- a/bazel/aquery.go
+++ b/bazel/aquery.go
@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@
 		if len(actionEntry.Arguments) < 1 {
 			return a.templateExpandActionBuildStatement(actionEntry)
 		}
-	case "FileWrite", "SourceSymlinkManifest":
+	case "FileWrite", "SourceSymlinkManifest", "RepoMappingManifest":
 		return a.fileWriteActionBuildStatement(actionEntry)
 	case "SymlinkTree":
 		return a.symlinkTreeActionBuildStatement(actionEntry)
diff --git a/bp2build/android_app_conversion_test.go b/bp2build/android_app_conversion_test.go
index 7f7aa6a..d1b4d40 100644
--- a/bp2build/android_app_conversion_test.go
+++ b/bp2build/android_app_conversion_test.go
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@
 		}})
 }
 
-func TestAndroidAppMinSdkProvided(t *testing.T) {
+func TestAndroidAppManifestSdkVersionsProvided(t *testing.T) {
 	runAndroidAppTestCase(t, Bp2buildTestCase{
 		Description:                "Android app with value for min_sdk_version",
 		ModuleTypeUnderTest:        "android_app",
@@ -359,7 +359,9 @@
 android_app {
         name: "foo",
         sdk_version: "current",
-				min_sdk_version: "24",
+        min_sdk_version: "24",
+        max_sdk_version: "30",
+        target_sdk_version: "29",
 }
 `,
 		ExpectedBazelTargets: []string{
@@ -367,14 +369,16 @@
 				"manifest":       `"AndroidManifest.xml"`,
 				"resource_files": `[]`,
 				"manifest_values": `{
+        "maxSdkVersion": "30",
         "minSdkVersion": "24",
+        "targetSdkVersion": "29",
     }`,
 				"sdk_version": `"current"`,
 			}),
 		}})
 }
 
-func TestAndroidAppMinSdkDefaultToSdkVersion(t *testing.T) {
+func TestAndroidAppMinAndTargetSdkDefaultToSdkVersion(t *testing.T) {
 	runAndroidAppTestCase(t, Bp2buildTestCase{
 		Description:                "Android app with value for sdk_version",
 		ModuleTypeUnderTest:        "android_app",
@@ -392,6 +396,7 @@
 				"resource_files": `[]`,
 				"manifest_values": `{
         "minSdkVersion": "30",
+        "targetSdkVersion": "30",
     }`,
 				"sdk_version": `"30"`,
 			}),
diff --git a/build_kzip.bash b/build_kzip.bash
index eeef7d4..4c42048 100755
--- a/build_kzip.bash
+++ b/build_kzip.bash
@@ -35,8 +35,16 @@
 # sufficiently many files were generated.
 declare -r out="${OUT_DIR:-out}"
 
-# Build extraction files for C++ and Java. Build `merge_zips` which we use later.
-build/soong/soong_ui.bash --build-mode --all-modules --dir=$PWD -k merge_zips xref_cxx xref_java xref_rust
+# Build extraction files and `merge_zips` which we use later.
+kzip_targets=(
+  merge_zips
+  xref_cxx
+  xref_java
+  # TODO: b/286390153 - reenable rust
+  # xref_rust
+)
+
+build/soong/soong_ui.bash --build-mode --all-modules --dir=$PWD -k --skip-soong-tests --ninja_weight_source=not_used "${kzip_targets[@]}"
 
 # Build extraction file for Go the files in build/{blueprint,soong} directories.
 declare -r abspath_out=$(realpath "${out}")
@@ -63,10 +71,9 @@
 set +e
 
 declare -r kzip_count=$(find "$out" -name '*.kzip' | wc -l)
-(($kzip_count>100000)) || { printf "Too few kzip files were generated: %d\n" $kzip_count; exit 1; }
+(($kzip_count>100000)) || { >&2 printf "ERROR: Too few kzip files were generated: %d\n" $kzip_count; exit 1; }
 
 # Pack
-# TODO(asmundak): this should be done by soong.
 declare -r allkzip="$KZIP_NAME.kzip"
 "$out/host/linux-x86/bin/merge_zips" "$DIST_DIR/$allkzip" @<(find "$out" -name '*.kzip')
 
diff --git a/cc/afdo.go b/cc/afdo.go
index 137ea97..bc7cd52 100644
--- a/cc/afdo.go
+++ b/cc/afdo.go
@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@
 
 var afdoProfileProjectsConfigKey = android.NewOnceKey("AfdoProfileProjects")
 
-const afdoCFlagsFormat = "-fprofile-sample-use=%s"
+// This flag needs to be in both CFlags and LdFlags to ensure correct symbol ordering
+const afdoFlagsFormat = "-fprofile-sample-use=%s"
 
 func recordMissingAfdoProfileFile(ctx android.BaseModuleContext, missing string) {
 	getNamedMapForConfig(ctx.Config(), modulesMissingProfileFileKey).Store(missing, true)
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@
 	}
 	if path := afdo.Properties.FdoProfilePath; path != nil {
 		// The flags are prepended to allow overriding.
-		profileUseFlag := fmt.Sprintf(afdoCFlagsFormat, *path)
+		profileUseFlag := fmt.Sprintf(afdoFlagsFormat, *path)
 		flags.Local.CFlags = append([]string{profileUseFlag}, flags.Local.CFlags...)
 		flags.Local.LdFlags = append([]string{profileUseFlag, "-Wl,-mllvm,-no-warn-sample-unused=true"}, flags.Local.LdFlags...)
 
diff --git a/cc/cc_test.go b/cc/cc_test.go
index 7534db2..fe54463 100644
--- a/cc/cc_test.go
+++ b/cc/cc_test.go
@@ -4979,6 +4979,7 @@
 
 	conly := []string{"-fPIC", "${config.CommonGlobalConlyflags}"}
 	cppOnly := []string{"-fPIC", "${config.CommonGlobalCppflags}", "${config.DeviceGlobalCppflags}", "${config.ArmCppflags}"}
+	ltoFlags := []string{"-flto=thin", "-fsplit-lto-unit"}
 
 	cflags := []string{"-Werror", "-std=candcpp"}
 	cstd := []string{"-std=gnu17", "-std=conly"}
@@ -5005,17 +5006,17 @@
 		{
 			name:     "c",
 			src:      "foo.c",
-			expected: combineSlices(baseExpectedFlags, conly, expectedIncludes, cflags, cstd, lastIncludes, []string{"${config.NoOverrideGlobalCflags}", "${config.NoOverrideExternalGlobalCflags}"}),
+			expected: combineSlices(baseExpectedFlags, conly, expectedIncludes, cflags, ltoFlags, cstd, lastIncludes, []string{"${config.NoOverrideGlobalCflags}", "${config.NoOverrideExternalGlobalCflags}"}),
 		},
 		{
 			name:     "cc",
 			src:      "foo.cc",
-			expected: combineSlices(baseExpectedFlags, cppOnly, expectedIncludes, cflags, cppstd, lastIncludes, []string{"${config.NoOverrideGlobalCflags}", "${config.NoOverrideExternalGlobalCflags}"}),
+			expected: combineSlices(baseExpectedFlags, cppOnly, expectedIncludes, cflags, ltoFlags, cppstd, lastIncludes, []string{"${config.NoOverrideGlobalCflags}", "${config.NoOverrideExternalGlobalCflags}"}),
 		},
 		{
 			name:     "assemble",
 			src:      "foo.s",
-			expected: combineSlices(baseExpectedFlags, []string{"${config.CommonGlobalAsflags}"}, expectedIncludes, lastIncludes),
+			expected: combineSlices(baseExpectedFlags, []string{"${config.CommonGlobalAsflags}"}, expectedIncludes, ltoFlags, lastIncludes),
 		},
 	}
 
diff --git a/cc/config/arm_device.go b/cc/config/arm_device.go
index dec2b45..3397e3d 100644
--- a/cc/config/arm_device.go
+++ b/cc/config/arm_device.go
@@ -43,9 +43,7 @@
 
 	armNoFixCortexA8LdFlags = []string{"-Wl,--no-fix-cortex-a8"}
 
-	armArmCflags = []string{
-		"-fstrict-aliasing",
-	}
+	armArmCflags = []string{}
 
 	armThumbCflags = []string{
 		"-mthumb",
diff --git a/cc/config/global.go b/cc/config/global.go
index e450ba7..7f9a6e0 100644
--- a/cc/config/global.go
+++ b/cc/config/global.go
@@ -111,6 +111,9 @@
 
 		// Turn off FMA which got enabled by default in clang-r445002 (http://b/218805949)
 		"-ffp-contract=off",
+
+		// Using simple template names reduces the size of debug builds.
+		"-gsimple-template-names",
 	}
 
 	commonGlobalConlyflags = []string{}
@@ -305,7 +308,7 @@
 
 	// prebuilts/clang default settings.
 	ClangDefaultBase         = "prebuilts/clang/host"
-	ClangDefaultVersion      = "clang-r487747c"
+	ClangDefaultVersion      = "clang-r498229"
 	ClangDefaultShortVersion = "17"
 
 	// Directories with warnings from Android.bp files.
diff --git a/cc/lto.go b/cc/lto.go
index 547ebff..ff2bf5a 100644
--- a/cc/lto.go
+++ b/cc/lto.go
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 	} `android:"arch_variant"`
 
 	LtoEnabled bool `blueprint:"mutated"`
+	LtoDefault bool `blueprint:"mutated"`
 
 	// Dep properties indicate that this module needs to be built with LTO
 	// since it is an object dependency of an LTO module.
@@ -66,7 +67,34 @@
 }
 
 func (lto *lto) begin(ctx BaseModuleContext) {
-	lto.Properties.LtoEnabled = lto.LTO(ctx)
+	// First, determine the module indepedent default LTO mode.
+	ltoDefault := GlobalThinLTO(ctx)
+	if ctx.Config().IsEnvTrue("DISABLE_LTO") {
+		ltoDefault = false
+	} else if ctx.Host() {
+		// Performance and binary size are less important for host binaries.
+		ltoDefault = false
+	}
+
+	// Then, determine the actual LTO mode to use. If different from `ltoDefault`, a variant needs
+	// to be created.
+	ltoEnabled := ltoDefault
+	if lto.Never() {
+		ltoEnabled = false
+	} else if lto.ThinLTO() {
+		// Module explicitly requests for LTO.
+		ltoEnabled = true
+	} else if ctx.testBinary() || ctx.testLibrary() {
+		// Do not enable LTO for tests for better debugging.
+		ltoEnabled = false
+	} else if ctx.isVndk() {
+		// FIXME: ThinLTO for VNDK produces different output.
+		// b/169217596
+		ltoEnabled = false
+	}
+
+	lto.Properties.LtoDefault = ltoDefault
+	lto.Properties.LtoEnabled = ltoEnabled
 }
 
 func (lto *lto) flags(ctx BaseModuleContext, flags Flags) Flags {
@@ -76,75 +104,48 @@
 		return flags
 	}
 	if lto.Properties.LtoEnabled {
-		var ltoCFlag string
-		var ltoLdFlag string
-		if lto.ThinLTO() {
-			ltoCFlag = "-flto=thin -fsplit-lto-unit"
-		} else {
-			ltoCFlag = "-flto=thin -fsplit-lto-unit"
-			ltoLdFlag = "-Wl,--lto-O0"
+		ltoCFlags := []string{"-flto=thin", "-fsplit-lto-unit"}
+		var ltoLdFlags []string
+
+		// The module did not explicitly turn on LTO. Only leverage LTO's
+		// better dead code elinmination and CFG simplification, but do
+		// not perform costly optimizations for a balance between compile
+		// time, binary size and performance.
+		if !lto.ThinLTO() {
+			ltoLdFlags = append(ltoLdFlags, "-Wl,--lto-O0")
 		}
 
-		flags.Local.CFlags = append(flags.Local.CFlags, ltoCFlag)
-		flags.Local.AsFlags = append(flags.Local.AsFlags, ltoCFlag)
-		flags.Local.LdFlags = append(flags.Local.LdFlags, ltoCFlag)
-		flags.Local.LdFlags = append(flags.Local.LdFlags, ltoLdFlag)
-
 		if Bool(lto.Properties.Whole_program_vtables) {
-			flags.Local.CFlags = append(flags.Local.CFlags, "-fwhole-program-vtables")
+			ltoCFlags = append(ltoCFlags, "-fwhole-program-vtables")
 		}
 
 		if ctx.Config().IsEnvTrue("USE_THINLTO_CACHE") {
 			// Set appropriate ThinLTO cache policy
 			cacheDirFormat := "-Wl,--thinlto-cache-dir="
 			cacheDir := android.PathForOutput(ctx, "thinlto-cache").String()
-			flags.Local.LdFlags = append(flags.Local.LdFlags, cacheDirFormat+cacheDir)
+			ltoLdFlags = append(ltoLdFlags, cacheDirFormat+cacheDir)
 
 			// Limit the size of the ThinLTO cache to the lesser of 10% of available
 			// disk space and 10GB.
 			cachePolicyFormat := "-Wl,--thinlto-cache-policy="
 			policy := "cache_size=10%:cache_size_bytes=10g"
-			flags.Local.LdFlags = append(flags.Local.LdFlags, cachePolicyFormat+policy)
+			ltoLdFlags = append(ltoLdFlags, cachePolicyFormat+policy)
 		}
 
 		// If the module does not have a profile, be conservative and limit cross TU inline
 		// limit to 5 LLVM IR instructions, to balance binary size increase and performance.
 		if !ctx.Darwin() && !ctx.isPgoCompile() && !ctx.isAfdoCompile() {
-			flags.Local.LdFlags = append(flags.Local.LdFlags,
-				"-Wl,-plugin-opt,-import-instr-limit=5")
+			ltoLdFlags = append(ltoLdFlags, "-Wl,-plugin-opt,-import-instr-limit=5")
 		}
+
+		flags.Local.CFlags = append(flags.Local.CFlags, ltoCFlags...)
+		flags.Local.AsFlags = append(flags.Local.AsFlags, ltoCFlags...)
+		flags.Local.LdFlags = append(flags.Local.LdFlags, ltoCFlags...)
+		flags.Local.LdFlags = append(flags.Local.LdFlags, ltoLdFlags...)
 	}
 	return flags
 }
 
-// Determine which LTO mode to use for the given module.
-func (lto *lto) LTO(ctx BaseModuleContext) bool {
-	if lto.Never() {
-		return false
-	}
-	if ctx.Config().IsEnvTrue("DISABLE_LTO") {
-		return false
-	}
-	// Module explicitly requests for LTO.
-	if lto.ThinLTO() {
-		return true
-	}
-	// LP32 has many subtle issues and less test coverage.
-	if ctx.Arch().ArchType.Multilib == "lib32" {
-		return false
-	}
-	// Performance and binary size are less important for host binaries and tests.
-	if ctx.Host() || ctx.testBinary() || ctx.testLibrary() {
-		return false
-	}
-	// FIXME: ThinLTO for VNDK produces different output.
-	// b/169217596
-	if ctx.isVndk() {
-		return false
-	}
-	return GlobalThinLTO(ctx)
-}
-
 func (lto *lto) ThinLTO() bool {
 	return lto != nil && proptools.Bool(lto.Properties.Lto.Thin)
 }
@@ -154,15 +155,13 @@
 }
 
 func GlobalThinLTO(ctx android.BaseModuleContext) bool {
-	return ctx.Config().IsEnvTrue("GLOBAL_THINLTO")
+	return !ctx.Config().IsEnvFalse("GLOBAL_THINLTO")
 }
 
 // Propagate lto requirements down from binaries
 func ltoDepsMutator(mctx android.TopDownMutatorContext) {
-	defaultLTOMode := GlobalThinLTO(mctx)
-
 	if m, ok := mctx.Module().(*Module); ok {
-		if m.lto == nil || m.lto.Properties.LtoEnabled == defaultLTOMode {
+		if m.lto == nil || m.lto.Properties.LtoEnabled == m.lto.Properties.LtoDefault {
 			return
 		}
 
@@ -237,6 +236,7 @@
 				}
 				variation.Properties.PreventInstall = true
 				variation.Properties.HideFromMake = true
+				variation.lto.Properties.LtoDefault = m.lto.Properties.LtoDefault
 				variation.lto.Properties.LtoDep = false
 				variation.lto.Properties.NoLtoDep = false
 			}
diff --git a/dexpreopt/class_loader_context.go b/dexpreopt/class_loader_context.go
index 6ead589..57c7ae8 100644
--- a/dexpreopt/class_loader_context.go
+++ b/dexpreopt/class_loader_context.go
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@
 	// Nested class loader context shouldn't have conditional part (it is allowed only at the top level).
 	for ver, _ := range nestedClcMap {
 		if ver != AnySdkVersion {
-			clcPaths := ComputeClassLoaderContextDependencies(nestedClcMap)
+			_, clcPaths := ComputeClassLoaderContextDependencies(nestedClcMap)
 			return fmt.Errorf("nested class loader context shouldn't have conditional part: %+v", clcPaths)
 		}
 	}
@@ -553,27 +553,28 @@
 	return true, nil
 }
 
-// Returns a slice of build paths for all possible dependencies that the class loader context may
-// refer to.
+// Returns a slice of library names and a slice of build paths for all possible dependencies that
+// the class loader context may refer to.
 // Perform a depth-first preorder traversal of the class loader context tree for each SDK version.
-func ComputeClassLoaderContextDependencies(clcMap ClassLoaderContextMap) android.Paths {
-	var paths android.Paths
+func ComputeClassLoaderContextDependencies(clcMap ClassLoaderContextMap) (names []string, paths android.Paths) {
 	for _, clcs := range clcMap {
-		hostPaths := ComputeClassLoaderContextDependenciesRec(clcs)
-		paths = append(paths, hostPaths...)
+		currentNames, currentPaths := ComputeClassLoaderContextDependenciesRec(clcs)
+		names = append(names, currentNames...)
+		paths = append(paths, currentPaths...)
 	}
-	return android.FirstUniquePaths(paths)
+	return android.FirstUniqueStrings(names), android.FirstUniquePaths(paths)
 }
 
 // Helper function for ComputeClassLoaderContextDependencies() that handles recursion.
-func ComputeClassLoaderContextDependenciesRec(clcs []*ClassLoaderContext) android.Paths {
-	var paths android.Paths
+func ComputeClassLoaderContextDependenciesRec(clcs []*ClassLoaderContext) (names []string, paths android.Paths) {
 	for _, clc := range clcs {
-		subPaths := ComputeClassLoaderContextDependenciesRec(clc.Subcontexts)
+		subNames, subPaths := ComputeClassLoaderContextDependenciesRec(clc.Subcontexts)
+		names = append(names, clc.Name)
 		paths = append(paths, clc.Host)
+		names = append(names, subNames...)
 		paths = append(paths, subPaths...)
 	}
-	return paths
+	return names, paths
 }
 
 // Class loader contexts that come from Make via JSON dexpreopt.config. JSON CLC representation is
diff --git a/dexpreopt/class_loader_context_test.go b/dexpreopt/class_loader_context_test.go
index 39b4652..7260abb 100644
--- a/dexpreopt/class_loader_context_test.go
+++ b/dexpreopt/class_loader_context_test.go
@@ -97,10 +97,11 @@
 
 	fixClassLoaderContext(m)
 
-	var havePaths android.Paths
+	var actualNames []string
+	var actualPaths android.Paths
 	var haveUsesLibsReq, haveUsesLibsOpt []string
 	if valid && validationError == nil {
-		havePaths = ComputeClassLoaderContextDependencies(m)
+		actualNames, actualPaths = ComputeClassLoaderContextDependencies(m)
 		haveUsesLibsReq, haveUsesLibsOpt = m.UsesLibs()
 	}
 
@@ -112,19 +113,26 @@
 	})
 
 	// Test that all expected build paths are gathered.
-	t.Run("paths", func(t *testing.T) {
-		wantPaths := []string{
+	t.Run("names and paths", func(t *testing.T) {
+		expectedNames := []string{
+			"a'", "a1", "a2", "a3", "android.hidl.base-V1.0-java", "android.hidl.manager-V1.0-java", "b",
+			"b1", "b2", "b3", "c", "c2", "d", "f",
+		}
+		expectedPaths := []string{
 			"out/soong/android.hidl.manager-V1.0-java.jar", "out/soong/android.hidl.base-V1.0-java.jar",
 			"out/soong/a.jar", "out/soong/b.jar", "out/soong/c.jar", "out/soong/d.jar",
 			"out/soong/a2.jar", "out/soong/b2.jar", "out/soong/c2.jar",
 			"out/soong/a1.jar", "out/soong/b1.jar",
 			"out/soong/f.jar", "out/soong/a3.jar", "out/soong/b3.jar",
 		}
-		actual := havePaths.Strings()
+		actualPathsStrs := actualPaths.Strings()
 		// The order does not matter.
-		sort.Strings(wantPaths)
-		sort.Strings(actual)
-		android.AssertArrayString(t, "", wantPaths, actual)
+		sort.Strings(expectedNames)
+		sort.Strings(actualNames)
+		android.AssertArrayString(t, "", expectedNames, actualNames)
+		sort.Strings(expectedPaths)
+		sort.Strings(actualPathsStrs)
+		android.AssertArrayString(t, "", expectedPaths, actualPathsStrs)
 	})
 
 	// Test the JSON passed to construct_context.py.
diff --git a/dexpreopt/dexpreopt.go b/dexpreopt/dexpreopt.go
index 20737e3..29ae188 100644
--- a/dexpreopt/dexpreopt.go
+++ b/dexpreopt/dexpreopt.go
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@
 		}
 
 		// Generate command that saves host and target class loader context in shell variables.
-		paths := ComputeClassLoaderContextDependencies(module.ClassLoaderContexts)
+		_, paths := ComputeClassLoaderContextDependencies(module.ClassLoaderContexts)
 		rule.Command().
 			Text(`eval "$(`).Tool(globalSoong.ConstructContext).
 			Text(` --target-sdk-version ${target_sdk_version}`).
@@ -630,5 +630,3 @@
 	}
 	return false
 }
-
-var copyOf = android.CopyOf
diff --git a/fuzz/fuzz_common.go b/fuzz/fuzz_common.go
index b470304..ada4712 100644
--- a/fuzz/fuzz_common.go
+++ b/fuzz/fuzz_common.go
@@ -368,6 +368,9 @@
 	Triage_assignee string `json:"triage_assignee,omitempty"`
 	// Specifies libs used to initialize ART (java only, 'use_none' for no initialization)
 	Use_platform_libs UsePlatformLibs `json:"use_platform_libs,omitempty"`
+	// Specifies whether fuzz target should check presubmitted code changes for crashes.
+	// Defaults to false.
+	Use_for_presubmit *bool `json:"use_for_presubmit,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type FuzzFrameworks struct {
diff --git a/genrule/allowlists.go b/genrule/allowlists.go
index c767685..012c59c 100644
--- a/genrule/allowlists.go
+++ b/genrule/allowlists.go
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@
 		"RSTest-rscript",
 		"BluetoothGeneratedDumpsysBinarySchema_bfbs",
 		"TracingVMProtoStub_h",
-		"FrontendStub_h",
 		"VehicleServerProtoStub_cc",
 		"AudioFocusControlProtoStub_cc",
 		"AudioFocusControlProtoStub_h",
@@ -98,7 +97,6 @@
 		"BlueberryFacadeGeneratedStub_cc",
 		"BlueberryFacadeGeneratedStub_h",
 		"BluetoothGeneratedDumpsysDataSchema_h",
-		"FrontendStub_cc",
 		"OpenwrtControlServerProto_cc",
 		"OpenwrtControlServerProto_h",
 		"c2hal_test_genc++",
@@ -117,6 +115,11 @@
 		"nos_app_weaver_service_genc++_headers",
 		"nos_app_weaver_service_genc++_mock",
 		"nos_generator_test_service_genc++",
+		"framework-cppstream-protos",
+		"framework-javastream-protos",
+		"aidl_camera_build_version",
+		"cronet_aml_base_android_runtime_unchecked_jni_headers",
+		"cronet_aml_base_android_runtime_jni_headers",
 	}
 
 	SandboxingDenyPathList = []string{
diff --git a/java/app.go b/java/app.go
index d9272e4..fd626e1 100755
--- a/java/app.go
+++ b/java/app.go
@@ -1571,7 +1571,9 @@
 }
 
 type manifestValueAttribute struct {
-	MinSdkVersion *string
+	MinSdkVersion    *string
+	MaxSdkVersion    *string
+	TargetSdkVersion *string
 }
 
 type bazelAndroidAppAttributes struct {
@@ -1601,12 +1603,25 @@
 	// MinSdkVersion(ctx) calls SdkVersion(ctx) if no value for min_sdk_version is set
 	minSdkVersion := a.MinSdkVersion(ctx)
 	if !minSdkVersion.IsPreview() && !minSdkVersion.IsInvalid() {
-		minSdkStr, err := minSdkVersion.EffectiveVersionString(ctx)
-		if err == nil {
+		if minSdkStr, err := minSdkVersion.EffectiveVersionString(ctx); err == nil {
 			manifestValues.MinSdkVersion = &minSdkStr
 		}
 	}
 
+	maxSdkVersion := a.MaxSdkVersion(ctx)
+	if !maxSdkVersion.IsPreview() && !maxSdkVersion.IsInvalid() {
+		if maxSdkStr, err := maxSdkVersion.EffectiveVersionString(ctx); err == nil {
+			manifestValues.MaxSdkVersion = &maxSdkStr
+		}
+	}
+
+	targetSdkVersion := a.TargetSdkVersion(ctx)
+	if !targetSdkVersion.IsPreview() && !targetSdkVersion.IsInvalid() {
+		if targetSdkStr, err := targetSdkVersion.EffectiveVersionString(ctx); err == nil {
+			manifestValues.TargetSdkVersion = &targetSdkStr
+		}
+	}
+
 	appAttrs := &bazelAndroidAppAttributes{
 		// TODO(b/209576404): handle package name override by product variable PRODUCT_MANIFEST_PACKAGE_NAME_OVERRIDES
 		Custom_package:   a.overridableAppProperties.Package_name,
diff --git a/java/app_import.go b/java/app_import.go
index 9c01960..e25bcd1 100644
--- a/java/app_import.go
+++ b/java/app_import.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 // This file contains the module implementations for android_app_import and android_test_import.
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
 
 	"github.com/google/blueprint"
@@ -334,11 +335,19 @@
 	// Sign or align the package if package has not been preprocessed
 
 	if proptools.Bool(a.properties.Preprocessed) {
-		output := srcApk
+		var output android.WritablePath
 		if !proptools.Bool(a.properties.Skip_preprocessed_apk_checks) {
-			writableOutput := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "validated-prebuilt", apkFilename)
-			a.validatePreprocessedApk(ctx, srcApk, writableOutput)
-			output = writableOutput
+			output = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "validated-prebuilt", apkFilename)
+			a.validatePreprocessedApk(ctx, srcApk, output)
+		} else {
+			// If using the input APK unmodified, still make a copy of it so that the output filename has the
+			// right basename.
+			output = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, apkFilename)
+			ctx.Build(pctx, android.BuildParams{
+				Rule:   android.Cp,
+				Input:  srcApk,
+				Output: output,
+			})
 		}
 		a.outputFile = output
 		a.certificate = PresignedCertificate
@@ -410,6 +419,15 @@
 	return a.outputFile
 }
 
+func (a *AndroidAppImport) OutputFiles(tag string) (android.Paths, error) {
+	switch tag {
+	case "":
+		return []android.Path{a.outputFile}, nil
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported module reference tag %q", tag)
+	}
+}
+
 func (a *AndroidAppImport) JacocoReportClassesFile() android.Path {
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/java/app_test.go b/java/app_test.go
index cf7d174..12c3a95 100644
--- a/java/app_test.go
+++ b/java/app_test.go
@@ -717,7 +717,262 @@
 	}
 }
 
-func TestAndroidResources(t *testing.T) {
+func TestAndroidResourceProcessor(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name string
+
+		dontVerifyApp bool
+		appResources  []string
+		appOverlays   []string
+		appImports    []string
+		appSrcJars    []string
+		appClasspath  []string
+		appCombined   []string
+
+		dontVerifyDirect bool
+		directResources  []string
+		directOverlays   []string
+		directImports    []string
+		directSrcJars    []string
+		directClasspath  []string
+		directCombined   []string
+
+		dontVerifyTransitive bool
+		transitiveResources  []string
+		transitiveOverlays   []string
+		transitiveImports    []string
+		transitiveSrcJars    []string
+		transitiveClasspath  []string
+		transitiveCombined   []string
+
+		dontVerifyDirectImport bool
+		directImportResources  []string
+		directImportOverlays   []string
+		directImportImports    []string
+
+		dontVerifyTransitiveImport bool
+		transitiveImportResources  []string
+		transitiveImportOverlays   []string
+		transitiveImportImports    []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "legacy",
+
+			appResources: nil,
+			appOverlays: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/app/android_common/aapt2/app/res/values_strings.arsc.flat",
+			},
+			appImports: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/framework-res/android_common/package-res.apk"},
+			appSrcJars: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/app/android_common/gen/android/R.srcjar"},
+			appClasspath: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/android_stubs_current/android_common/turbine-combined/android_stubs_current.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/turbine-combined/direct.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import/android_common/aar/classes-combined.jar",
+			},
+			appCombined: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/app/android_common/javac/app.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/combined/direct.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import/android_common/aar/classes-combined.jar",
+			},
+
+			directResources: nil,
+			directOverlays: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/aapt2/direct/res/values_strings.arsc.flat",
+			},
+			directImports: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/framework-res/android_common/package-res.apk"},
+			directSrcJars: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/gen/android/R.srcjar"},
+			directClasspath: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/android_stubs_current/android_common/turbine-combined/android_stubs_current.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/turbine-combined/transitive.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/aar/classes-combined.jar",
+			},
+			directCombined: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/javac/direct.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/javac/transitive.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/aar/classes-combined.jar",
+			},
+
+			transitiveResources: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/aapt2/transitive/res/values_strings.arsc.flat"},
+			transitiveOverlays:  nil,
+			transitiveImports:   []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/framework-res/android_common/package-res.apk"},
+			transitiveSrcJars:   []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/gen/android/R.srcjar"},
+			transitiveClasspath: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/android_stubs_current/android_common/turbine-combined/android_stubs_current.jar"},
+			transitiveCombined:  nil,
+
+			directImportResources: nil,
+			directImportOverlays: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import/android_common/flat-res/gen_res.flata",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import_dep/android_common/package-res.apk",
+			},
+			directImportImports: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/framework-res/android_common/package-res.apk"},
+
+			transitiveImportResources: nil,
+			transitiveImportOverlays: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/flat-res/gen_res.flata",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import_dep/android_common/package-res.apk",
+			},
+			transitiveImportImports: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/framework-res/android_common/package-res.apk"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, testCase := range testCases {
+		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			bp := fmt.Sprintf(`
+				android_app {
+					name: "app",
+					sdk_version: "current",
+					srcs: ["app/app.java"],
+					resource_dirs: ["app/res"],
+					manifest: "app/AndroidManifest.xml",
+					static_libs: ["direct", "direct_import"],
+				}
+
+				android_library {
+					name: "direct",
+					sdk_version: "current",
+					srcs: ["direct/direct.java"],
+					resource_dirs: ["direct/res"],
+					manifest: "direct/AndroidManifest.xml",
+					static_libs: ["transitive", "transitive_import"],
+				}
+
+				android_library {
+					name: "transitive",
+					sdk_version: "current",
+					srcs: ["transitive/transitive.java"],
+					resource_dirs: ["transitive/res"],
+					manifest: "transitive/AndroidManifest.xml",
+				}
+
+				android_library_import {
+					name: "direct_import",
+					sdk_version: "current",
+					aars: ["direct_import.aar"],
+					static_libs: ["direct_import_dep"],
+				}
+
+				android_library_import {
+					name: "direct_import_dep",
+					sdk_version: "current",
+					aars: ["direct_import_dep.aar"],
+				}
+
+				android_library_import {
+					name: "transitive_import",
+					sdk_version: "current",
+					aars: ["transitive_import.aar"],
+					static_libs: ["transitive_import_dep"],
+				}
+
+				android_library_import {
+					name: "transitive_import_dep",
+					sdk_version: "current",
+					aars: ["transitive_import_dep.aar"],
+				}
+			`)
+
+			fs := android.MockFS{
+				"app/res/values/strings.xml":        nil,
+				"direct/res/values/strings.xml":     nil,
+				"transitive/res/values/strings.xml": nil,
+			}
+
+			result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+				PrepareForTestWithJavaDefaultModules,
+				PrepareForTestWithOverlayBuildComponents,
+				fs.AddToFixture(),
+			).RunTestWithBp(t, bp)
+
+			type aaptInfo struct {
+				resources, overlays, imports, srcJars, classpath, combined android.Paths
+			}
+
+			getAaptInfo := func(moduleName string) (aaptInfo aaptInfo) {
+				mod := result.ModuleForTests(moduleName, "android_common")
+				resourceListRule := mod.MaybeOutput("aapt2/res.list")
+				overlayListRule := mod.MaybeOutput("aapt2/overlay.list")
+				aaptRule := mod.Rule("aapt2Link")
+				javacRule := mod.MaybeRule("javac")
+				combinedRule := mod.MaybeOutput("combined/" + moduleName + ".jar")
+
+				aaptInfo.resources = resourceListRule.Inputs
+				aaptInfo.overlays = overlayListRule.Inputs
+
+				aaptFlags := strings.Split(aaptRule.Args["flags"], " ")
+				for i, flag := range aaptFlags {
+					if flag == "-I" && i+1 < len(aaptFlags) {
+						aaptInfo.imports = append(aaptInfo.imports, android.PathForTesting(aaptFlags[i+1]))
+					}
+				}
+
+				if len(javacRule.Args["srcJars"]) > 0 {
+					aaptInfo.srcJars = android.PathsForTesting(strings.Split(javacRule.Args["srcJars"], " ")...)
+				}
+
+				if len(javacRule.Args["classpath"]) > 0 {
+					classpathArg := strings.TrimPrefix(javacRule.Args["classpath"], "-classpath ")
+					aaptInfo.classpath = android.PathsForTesting(strings.Split(classpathArg, ":")...)
+				}
+
+				aaptInfo.combined = combinedRule.Inputs
+				return
+			}
+
+			app := getAaptInfo("app")
+			direct := getAaptInfo("direct")
+			transitive := getAaptInfo("transitive")
+			directImport := getAaptInfo("direct_import")
+			transitiveImport := getAaptInfo("transitive_import")
+
+			if !testCase.dontVerifyApp {
+				android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "app resources", testCase.appResources, app.resources)
+				android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "app overlays", testCase.appOverlays, app.overlays)
+				android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "app imports", testCase.appImports, app.imports)
+				android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "app srcjars", testCase.appSrcJars, app.srcJars)
+				android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "app classpath", testCase.appClasspath, app.classpath)
+				android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "app combined", testCase.appCombined, app.combined)
+			}
+
+			if !testCase.dontVerifyDirect {
+				android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "direct resources", testCase.directResources, direct.resources)
+				android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "direct overlays", testCase.directOverlays, direct.overlays)
+				android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "direct imports", testCase.directImports, direct.imports)
+				android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "direct srcjars", testCase.directSrcJars, direct.srcJars)
+				android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "direct classpath", testCase.directClasspath, direct.classpath)
+				android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "direct combined", testCase.directCombined, direct.combined)
+			}
+
+			if !testCase.dontVerifyTransitive {
+				android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "transitive resources", testCase.transitiveResources, transitive.resources)
+				android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "transitive overlays", testCase.transitiveOverlays, transitive.overlays)
+				android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "transitive imports", testCase.transitiveImports, transitive.imports)
+				android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "transitive srcjars", testCase.transitiveSrcJars, transitive.srcJars)
+				android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "transitive classpath", testCase.transitiveClasspath, transitive.classpath)
+				android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "transitive combined", testCase.transitiveCombined, transitive.combined)
+			}
+
+			if !testCase.dontVerifyDirectImport {
+				android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "direct_import resources", testCase.directImportResources, directImport.resources)
+				android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "direct_import overlays", testCase.directImportOverlays, directImport.overlays)
+				android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "direct_import imports", testCase.directImportImports, directImport.imports)
+			}
+
+			if !testCase.dontVerifyTransitiveImport {
+				android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "transitive_import resources", testCase.transitiveImportResources, transitiveImport.resources)
+				android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "transitive_import overlays", testCase.transitiveImportOverlays, transitiveImport.overlays)
+				android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "transitive_import imports", testCase.transitiveImportImports, transitiveImport.imports)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAndroidResourceOverlays(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
 		name                       string
 		enforceRROTargets          []string
@@ -2697,7 +2952,7 @@
 	cmd := app.Rule("dexpreopt").RuleParams.Command
 	android.AssertStringDoesContain(t, "dexpreopt app cmd context", cmd, "--context-json=")
 	android.AssertStringDoesContain(t, "dexpreopt app cmd product_packages", cmd,
-		"--product-packages=out/soong/target/product/test_device/product_packages.txt")
+		"--product-packages=out/soong/.intermediates/app/android_common/dexpreopt/product_packages.txt")
 }
 
 func TestDexpreoptBcp(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/java/base.go b/java/base.go
index 75e25e3..f2ad5c2 100644
--- a/java/base.go
+++ b/java/base.go
@@ -2202,7 +2202,7 @@
 
 func (j *Module) ConvertWithBp2build(ctx android.TopDownMutatorContext) {
 	switch ctx.ModuleType() {
-	case "java_library", "java_library_host", "java_library_static":
+	case "java_library", "java_library_host", "java_library_static", "tradefed_java_library_host":
 		if lib, ok := ctx.Module().(*Library); ok {
 			javaLibraryBp2Build(ctx, lib)
 		}
diff --git a/java/dexpreopt.go b/java/dexpreopt.go
index e588c9a..998730e 100644
--- a/java/dexpreopt.go
+++ b/java/dexpreopt.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 import (
 	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
 	"strings"
 
 	"android/soong/android"
@@ -390,11 +391,37 @@
 
 	globalSoong := dexpreopt.GetGlobalSoongConfig(ctx)
 
-	// "product_packages.txt" is generated by `build/make/core/Makefile`.
+	// The root "product_packages.txt" is generated by `build/make/core/Makefile`. It contains a list
+	// of all packages that are installed on the device. We use `grep` to filter the list by the app's
+	// dependencies to create a per-app list, and use `rsync --checksum` to prevent the file's mtime
+	// from being changed if the contents don't change. This avoids unnecessary dexpreopt reruns.
 	productPackages := android.PathForModuleInPartitionInstall(ctx, "", "product_packages.txt")
+	appProductPackages := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "dexpreopt", "product_packages.txt")
+	appProductPackagesStaging := appProductPackages.ReplaceExtension(ctx, "txt.tmp")
+	clcNames, _ := dexpreopt.ComputeClassLoaderContextDependencies(dexpreoptConfig.ClassLoaderContexts)
+	sort.Strings(clcNames) // The order needs to be deterministic.
+	productPackagesRule := android.NewRuleBuilder(pctx, ctx)
+	if len(clcNames) > 0 {
+		productPackagesRule.Command().
+			Text("grep -F -x").
+			FlagForEachArg("-e ", clcNames).
+			Input(productPackages).
+			FlagWithOutput("> ", appProductPackagesStaging).
+			Text("|| true")
+	} else {
+		productPackagesRule.Command().
+			Text("rm -f").Output(appProductPackagesStaging).
+			Text("&&").
+			Text("touch").Output(appProductPackagesStaging)
+	}
+	productPackagesRule.Command().
+		Text("rsync --checksum").
+		Input(appProductPackagesStaging).
+		Output(appProductPackages)
+	productPackagesRule.Restat().Build("product_packages", "dexpreopt product_packages")
 
 	dexpreoptRule, err := dexpreopt.GenerateDexpreoptRule(
-		ctx, globalSoong, global, dexpreoptConfig, productPackages)
+		ctx, globalSoong, global, dexpreoptConfig, appProductPackages)
 	if err != nil {
 		ctx.ModuleErrorf("error generating dexpreopt rule: %s", err.Error())
 		return
diff --git a/java/dexpreopt_bootjars.go b/java/dexpreopt_bootjars.go
index 0ffe152..7b56a19 100644
--- a/java/dexpreopt_bootjars.go
+++ b/java/dexpreopt_bootjars.go
@@ -788,7 +788,6 @@
 		Flag("--generate-build-id").
 		Flag("--image-format=lz4hc").
 		FlagWithArg("--oat-symbols=", symbolsFile.String()).
-		Flag("--strip").
 		FlagWithArg("--oat-file=", outputPath.String()).
 		FlagWithArg("--oat-location=", oatLocation).
 		FlagWithArg("--image=", imagePath.String()).
@@ -798,6 +797,11 @@
 		Flag("--force-determinism").
 		Flag("--abort-on-hard-verifier-error")
 
+	// We don't strip on host to make perf tools work.
+	if image.target.Os == android.Android {
+		cmd.Flag("--strip")
+	}
+
 	// If the image is profile-guided but the profile is disabled, we omit "--compiler-filter" to
 	// leave the decision to dex2oat to pick the compiler filter.
 	if !(image.isProfileGuided() && global.DisableGenerateProfile) {
diff --git a/java/dexpreopt_config.go b/java/dexpreopt_config.go
index d9c474d..abbb96a 100644
--- a/java/dexpreopt_config.go
+++ b/java/dexpreopt_config.go
@@ -248,8 +248,6 @@
 
 var defaultBootclasspathKey = android.NewOnceKey("defaultBootclasspath")
 
-var copyOf = android.CopyOf
-
 func init() {
 	android.RegisterMakeVarsProvider(pctx, dexpreoptConfigMakevars)
 }
diff --git a/java/java.go b/java/java.go
index caafaa2..50d48ab 100644
--- a/java/java.go
+++ b/java/java.go
@@ -1624,13 +1624,6 @@
 	})
 }
 
-type JavaApiLibraryDepsInfo struct {
-	JavaInfo
-	StubsSrcJar android.Path
-}
-
-var JavaApiLibraryDepsProvider = blueprint.NewProvider(JavaApiLibraryDepsInfo{})
-
 type ApiLibrary struct {
 	android.ModuleBase
 	android.DefaultableModuleBase
@@ -1672,10 +1665,11 @@
 	// merge zipped after metalava invocation
 	Static_libs []string
 
-	// Java Api library to provide the full API surface text files and jar file.
-	// If this property is set, the provided full API surface text files and
-	// jar file are passed to metalava invocation.
-	Dep_api_srcs *string
+	// Java Api library to provide the full API surface stub jar file.
+	// If this property is set, the stub jar of this module is created by
+	// extracting the compiled class files provided by the
+	// full_api_surface_stub module.
+	Full_api_surface_stub *string
 }
 
 func ApiLibraryFactory() android.Module {
@@ -1762,35 +1756,37 @@
 	}
 }
 
-// This method extracts the stub java files from the srcjar file provided from dep_api_srcs module
-// and replaces the java stubs generated by invoking metalava in this module.
+// This method extracts the stub class files from the stub jar file provided
+// from full_api_surface_stub module instead of compiling the srcjar generated from invoking metalava.
 // This method is used because metalava can generate compilable from-text stubs only when
-// the codebase encompasses all classes listed in the input API text file, but a class can extend
+// the codebase encompasses all classes listed in the input API text file, and a class can extend
 // a class that is not within the same API domain.
-func (al *ApiLibrary) extractApiSrcs(ctx android.ModuleContext, rule *android.RuleBuilder, stubsDir android.OptionalPath, depApiSrcsSrcJar android.Path) {
-	generatedStubsList := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava", "sources.txt")
+func (al *ApiLibrary) extractApiSrcs(ctx android.ModuleContext, rule *android.RuleBuilder, stubsDir android.OptionalPath, fullApiSurfaceStubJar android.Path) {
+	classFilesList := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava", "classes.txt")
 	unzippedSrcJarDir := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava", "unzipDir")
 
 	rule.Command().
 		BuiltTool("list_files").
 		Text(stubsDir.String()).
-		FlagWithOutput("--out ", generatedStubsList).
+		FlagWithOutput("--out ", classFilesList).
 		FlagWithArg("--extensions ", ".java").
-		FlagWithArg("--root ", unzippedSrcJarDir.String())
+		FlagWithArg("--root ", unzippedSrcJarDir.String()).
+		Flag("--classes")
 
 	rule.Command().
 		Text("unzip").
 		Flag("-q").
-		Input(depApiSrcsSrcJar).
+		Input(fullApiSurfaceStubJar).
 		FlagWithArg("-d ", unzippedSrcJarDir.String())
 
 	rule.Command().
 		BuiltTool("soong_zip").
-		Flag("-srcjar").
+		Flag("-jar").
 		Flag("-write_if_changed").
+		Flag("-ignore_missing_files").
 		FlagWithArg("-C ", unzippedSrcJarDir.String()).
-		FlagWithInput("-l ", generatedStubsList).
-		FlagWithOutput("-o ", al.stubsSrcJar)
+		FlagWithInput("-l ", classFilesList).
+		FlagWithOutput("-o ", al.stubsJarWithoutStaticLibs)
 }
 
 func (al *ApiLibrary) DepsMutator(ctx android.BottomUpMutatorContext) {
@@ -1800,8 +1796,8 @@
 	}
 	ctx.AddVariationDependencies(nil, libTag, al.properties.Libs...)
 	ctx.AddVariationDependencies(nil, staticLibTag, al.properties.Static_libs...)
-	if al.properties.Dep_api_srcs != nil {
-		ctx.AddVariationDependencies(nil, depApiSrcsTag, String(al.properties.Dep_api_srcs))
+	if al.properties.Full_api_surface_stub != nil {
+		ctx.AddVariationDependencies(nil, depApiSrcsTag, String(al.properties.Full_api_surface_stub))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1823,7 +1819,7 @@
 	var srcFiles android.Paths
 	var classPaths android.Paths
 	var staticLibs android.Paths
-	var depApiSrcsStubsSrcJar android.Path
+	var depApiSrcsStubsJar android.Path
 	ctx.VisitDirectDeps(func(dep android.Module) {
 		tag := ctx.OtherModuleDependencyTag(dep)
 		switch tag {
@@ -1841,9 +1837,8 @@
 			provider := ctx.OtherModuleProvider(dep, JavaInfoProvider).(JavaInfo)
 			staticLibs = append(staticLibs, provider.HeaderJars...)
 		case depApiSrcsTag:
-			provider := ctx.OtherModuleProvider(dep, JavaApiLibraryDepsProvider).(JavaApiLibraryDepsInfo)
-			classPaths = append(classPaths, provider.HeaderJars...)
-			depApiSrcsStubsSrcJar = provider.StubsSrcJar
+			provider := ctx.OtherModuleProvider(dep, JavaInfoProvider).(JavaInfo)
+			depApiSrcsStubsJar = provider.HeaderJars[0]
 		}
 	})
 
@@ -1861,31 +1856,31 @@
 	al.stubsFlags(ctx, cmd, stubsDir)
 
 	al.stubsSrcJar = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava", ctx.ModuleName()+"-"+"stubs.srcjar")
+	al.stubsJarWithoutStaticLibs = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "metalava", "stubs.jar")
+	al.stubsJar = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, ctx.ModuleName(), fmt.Sprintf("%s.jar", ctx.ModuleName()))
 
-	if depApiSrcsStubsSrcJar != nil {
-		al.extractApiSrcs(ctx, rule, stubsDir, depApiSrcsStubsSrcJar)
-	} else {
-		rule.Command().
-			BuiltTool("soong_zip").
-			Flag("-write_if_changed").
-			Flag("-jar").
-			FlagWithOutput("-o ", al.stubsSrcJar).
-			FlagWithArg("-C ", stubsDir.String()).
-			FlagWithArg("-D ", stubsDir.String())
+	if depApiSrcsStubsJar != nil {
+		al.extractApiSrcs(ctx, rule, stubsDir, depApiSrcsStubsJar)
 	}
+	rule.Command().
+		BuiltTool("soong_zip").
+		Flag("-write_if_changed").
+		Flag("-jar").
+		FlagWithOutput("-o ", al.stubsSrcJar).
+		FlagWithArg("-C ", stubsDir.String()).
+		FlagWithArg("-D ", stubsDir.String())
 
 	rule.Build("metalava", "metalava merged")
 
-	al.stubsJarWithoutStaticLibs = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, ctx.ModuleName(), "stubs.jar")
-	al.stubsJar = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, ctx.ModuleName(), fmt.Sprintf("%s.jar", ctx.ModuleName()))
+	if depApiSrcsStubsJar == nil {
+		var flags javaBuilderFlags
+		flags.javaVersion = getStubsJavaVersion()
+		flags.javacFlags = strings.Join(al.properties.Javacflags, " ")
+		flags.classpath = classpath(classPaths)
 
-	var flags javaBuilderFlags
-	flags.javaVersion = getStubsJavaVersion()
-	flags.javacFlags = strings.Join(al.properties.Javacflags, " ")
-	flags.classpath = classpath(classPaths)
-
-	TransformJavaToClasses(ctx, al.stubsJarWithoutStaticLibs, 0, android.Paths{},
-		android.Paths{al.stubsSrcJar}, flags, android.Paths{})
+		TransformJavaToClasses(ctx, al.stubsJarWithoutStaticLibs, 0, android.Paths{},
+			android.Paths{al.stubsSrcJar}, flags, android.Paths{})
+	}
 
 	builder := android.NewRuleBuilder(pctx, ctx)
 	builder.Command().
@@ -1917,13 +1912,6 @@
 		ImplementationJars:             android.PathsIfNonNil(al.stubsJar),
 		AidlIncludeDirs:                android.Paths{},
 	})
-
-	ctx.SetProvider(JavaApiLibraryDepsProvider, JavaApiLibraryDepsInfo{
-		JavaInfo: JavaInfo{
-			HeaderJars: android.PathsIfNonNil(al.stubsJar),
-		},
-		StubsSrcJar: al.stubsSrcJar,
-	})
 }
 
 func (al *ApiLibrary) DexJarBuildPath() OptionalDexJarPath {
diff --git a/java/java_test.go b/java/java_test.go
index 561b187..4738304 100644
--- a/java/java_test.go
+++ b/java/java_test.go
@@ -2208,7 +2208,7 @@
 	}
 }
 
-func TestJavaApiLibraryDepApiSrcs(t *testing.T) {
+func TestJavaApiLibraryFullApiSurfaceStub(t *testing.T) {
 	provider_bp_a := `
 	java_api_contribution {
 		name: "foo1",
@@ -2234,7 +2234,7 @@
 			name: "bar1",
 			api_surface: "public",
 			api_contributions: ["foo1"],
-			dep_api_srcs: "lib1",
+			full_api_surface_stub: "lib1",
 		}
 		`,
 		map[string][]byte{
@@ -2247,9 +2247,7 @@
 	manifest := m.Output("metalava.sbox.textproto")
 	sboxProto := android.RuleBuilderSboxProtoForTests(t, manifest)
 	manifestCommand := sboxProto.Commands[0].GetCommand()
-
-	android.AssertStringDoesContain(t, "Command expected to contain module srcjar file", manifestCommand, "bar1-stubs.srcjar")
-	android.AssertStringDoesContain(t, "Command expected to contain output files list text file flag", manifestCommand, "--out __SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/out/sources.txt")
+	android.AssertStringDoesContain(t, "Command expected to contain full_api_surface_stub output jar", manifestCommand, "lib1.jar")
 }
 
 func TestJavaApiLibraryFilegroupInput(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/java/resourceshrinker.go b/java/resourceshrinker.go
index 6d59601..bf1b04d 100644
--- a/java/resourceshrinker.go
+++ b/java/resourceshrinker.go
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@
 
 var shrinkResources = pctx.AndroidStaticRule("shrinkResources",
 	blueprint.RuleParams{
-		Command:     `${config.ResourceShrinkerCmd} --output $out --input $in --raw_resources $raw_resources`,
+		// Note that we suppress stdout to avoid successful log confirmations.
+		Command:     `${config.ResourceShrinkerCmd} --output $out --input $in --raw_resources $raw_resources >/dev/null`,
 		CommandDeps: []string{"${config.ResourceShrinkerCmd}"},
 	}, "raw_resources")
 
diff --git a/java/robolectric.go b/java/robolectric.go
index 6bbe872..0041af4 100644
--- a/java/robolectric.go
+++ b/java/robolectric.go
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@
 func (r *robolectricTest) generateRoboSrcJar(ctx android.ModuleContext, outputFile android.WritablePath,
 	instrumentedApp *AndroidApp) {
 
-	srcJarArgs := copyOf(instrumentedApp.srcJarArgs)
+	srcJarArgs := android.CopyOf(instrumentedApp.srcJarArgs)
 	srcJarDeps := append(android.Paths(nil), instrumentedApp.srcJarDeps...)
 
 	for _, m := range ctx.GetDirectDepsWithTag(roboCoverageLibsTag) {
diff --git a/java/sdk_library.go b/java/sdk_library.go
index a3d81ce..dbb2f02 100644
--- a/java/sdk_library.go
+++ b/java/sdk_library.go
@@ -1780,12 +1780,12 @@
 
 func (module *SdkLibrary) createApiLibrary(mctx android.DefaultableHookContext, apiScope *apiScope) {
 	props := struct {
-		Name              *string
-		Visibility        []string
-		Api_contributions []string
-		Libs              []string
-		Static_libs       []string
-		Dep_api_srcs      *string
+		Name                  *string
+		Visibility            []string
+		Api_contributions     []string
+		Libs                  []string
+		Static_libs           []string
+		Full_api_surface_stub *string
 	}{}
 
 	props.Name = proptools.StringPtr(module.apiLibraryModuleName(apiScope))
@@ -1807,12 +1807,12 @@
 	props.Libs = append(props.Libs, module.sdkLibraryProperties.Stub_only_libs...)
 	props.Libs = append(props.Libs, "stub-annotations")
 	props.Static_libs = module.sdkLibraryProperties.Stub_only_static_libs
-	props.Dep_api_srcs = proptools.StringPtr(apiScope.kind.DefaultJavaLibraryName() + ".from-text")
+	props.Full_api_surface_stub = proptools.StringPtr(apiScope.kind.DefaultJavaLibraryName() + ".from-text")
 
 	// android_module_lib_stubs_current.from-text only comprises api contributions from art, conscrypt and i18n.
 	// Thus, replace with android_module_lib_stubs_current_full.from-text, which comprises every api domains.
 	if apiScope.kind == android.SdkModule {
-		props.Dep_api_srcs = proptools.StringPtr(apiScope.kind.DefaultJavaLibraryName() + "_full.from-text")
+		props.Full_api_surface_stub = proptools.StringPtr(apiScope.kind.DefaultJavaLibraryName() + "_full.from-text")
 	}
 
 	mctx.CreateModule(ApiLibraryFactory, &props)
diff --git a/java/sdk_library_test.go b/java/sdk_library_test.go
index 7ba1f6d..c22b980 100644
--- a/java/sdk_library_test.go
+++ b/java/sdk_library_test.go
@@ -1442,35 +1442,35 @@
 	`)
 
 	testCases := []struct {
-		scope            *apiScope
-		apiContributions []string
-		depApiSrcs       string
+		scope              *apiScope
+		apiContributions   []string
+		fullApiSurfaceStub string
 	}{
 		{
-			scope:            apiScopePublic,
-			apiContributions: []string{"foo.stubs.source.api.contribution"},
-			depApiSrcs:       "android_stubs_current.from-text",
+			scope:              apiScopePublic,
+			apiContributions:   []string{"foo.stubs.source.api.contribution"},
+			fullApiSurfaceStub: "android_stubs_current.from-text",
 		},
 		{
-			scope:            apiScopeSystem,
-			apiContributions: []string{"foo.stubs.source.system.api.contribution", "foo.stubs.source.api.contribution"},
-			depApiSrcs:       "android_system_stubs_current.from-text",
+			scope:              apiScopeSystem,
+			apiContributions:   []string{"foo.stubs.source.system.api.contribution", "foo.stubs.source.api.contribution"},
+			fullApiSurfaceStub: "android_system_stubs_current.from-text",
 		},
 		{
-			scope:            apiScopeTest,
-			apiContributions: []string{"foo.stubs.source.test.api.contribution", "foo.stubs.source.system.api.contribution", "foo.stubs.source.api.contribution"},
-			depApiSrcs:       "android_test_stubs_current.from-text",
+			scope:              apiScopeTest,
+			apiContributions:   []string{"foo.stubs.source.test.api.contribution", "foo.stubs.source.system.api.contribution", "foo.stubs.source.api.contribution"},
+			fullApiSurfaceStub: "android_test_stubs_current.from-text",
 		},
 		{
-			scope:            apiScopeModuleLib,
-			apiContributions: []string{"foo.stubs.source.module_lib.api.contribution", "foo.stubs.source.system.api.contribution", "foo.stubs.source.api.contribution"},
-			depApiSrcs:       "android_module_lib_stubs_current_full.from-text",
+			scope:              apiScopeModuleLib,
+			apiContributions:   []string{"foo.stubs.source.module_lib.api.contribution", "foo.stubs.source.system.api.contribution", "foo.stubs.source.api.contribution"},
+			fullApiSurfaceStub: "android_module_lib_stubs_current_full.from-text",
 		},
 	}
 
 	for _, c := range testCases {
 		m := result.ModuleForTests(c.scope.apiLibraryModuleName("foo"), "android_common").Module().(*ApiLibrary)
 		android.AssertArrayString(t, "Module expected to contain api contributions", c.apiContributions, m.properties.Api_contributions)
-		android.AssertStringEquals(t, "Module expected to contain full api surface api library", c.depApiSrcs, *m.properties.Dep_api_srcs)
+		android.AssertStringEquals(t, "Module expected to contain full api surface api library", c.fullApiSurfaceStub, *m.properties.Full_api_surface_stub)
 	}
 }
diff --git a/rust/bindgen.go b/rust/bindgen.go
index 96645b0..7dc1b4b 100644
--- a/rust/bindgen.go
+++ b/rust/bindgen.go
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@
 
 	var cmd, cmdDesc string
 	if b.Properties.Custom_bindgen != "" {
-		cmd = ctx.GetDirectDepWithTag(b.Properties.Custom_bindgen, customBindgenDepTag).(*Module).HostToolPath().String()
+		cmd = ctx.GetDirectDepWithTag(b.Properties.Custom_bindgen, customBindgenDepTag).(android.HostToolProvider).HostToolPath().String()
 		cmdDesc = b.Properties.Custom_bindgen
 	} else {
 		cmd = "$bindgenCmd"
diff --git a/sdk/bootclasspath_fragment_sdk_test.go b/sdk/bootclasspath_fragment_sdk_test.go
index 60c297b..ac23aab 100644
--- a/sdk/bootclasspath_fragment_sdk_test.go
+++ b/sdk/bootclasspath_fragment_sdk_test.go
@@ -1194,3 +1194,58 @@
 			expectedSnapshot, expectedCopyRules, expectedStubFlagsInputs, "")
 	})
 }
+
+func TestSnapshotWithEmptyBootClasspathFragment(t *testing.T) {
+	result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		prepareForSdkTestWithJava,
+		java.PrepareForTestWithJavaDefaultModules,
+		java.PrepareForTestWithJavaSdkLibraryFiles,
+		java.FixtureWithLastReleaseApis("mysdklibrary", "mynewsdklibrary"),
+		java.FixtureConfigureApexBootJars("myapex:mysdklibrary", "myapex:mynewsdklibrary"),
+		prepareForSdkTestWithApex,
+		// Add a platform_bootclasspath that depends on the fragment.
+		fixtureAddPlatformBootclasspathForBootclasspathFragment("myapex", "mybootclasspathfragment"),
+		android.FixtureMergeEnv(map[string]string{
+			"SOONG_SDK_SNAPSHOT_TARGET_BUILD_RELEASE": "S",
+		}),
+		android.FixtureWithRootAndroidBp(`
+			sdk {
+				name: "mysdk",
+				apexes: ["myapex"],
+			}
+			apex {
+				name: "myapex",
+				key: "myapex.key",
+				min_sdk_version: "S",
+				bootclasspath_fragments: ["mybootclasspathfragment"],
+			}
+			bootclasspath_fragment {
+				name: "mybootclasspathfragment",
+				apex_available: ["myapex"],
+				contents: ["mysdklibrary", "mynewsdklibrary"],
+				hidden_api: {
+					split_packages: [],
+				},
+			}
+			java_sdk_library {
+				name: "mysdklibrary",
+				apex_available: ["myapex"],
+				srcs: ["Test.java"],
+				shared_library: false,
+				public: {enabled: true},
+				min_sdk_version: "Tiramisu",
+			}
+			java_sdk_library {
+				name: "mynewsdklibrary",
+				apex_available: ["myapex"],
+				srcs: ["Test.java"],
+				compile_dex: true,
+				public: {enabled: true},
+				min_sdk_version: "Tiramisu",
+				permitted_packages: ["mynewsdklibrary"],
+			}
+		`),
+	).RunTest(t)
+
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "", checkAndroidBpContents(`// This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.`))
+}
diff --git a/sdk/bp.go b/sdk/bp.go
index 7ff85a1..57eb2ca 100644
--- a/sdk/bp.go
+++ b/sdk/bp.go
@@ -311,13 +311,15 @@
 }
 
 func (m *bpModule) deepCopy() *bpModule {
-	return m.transform(deepCopyTransformer)
+	return transformModule(m, deepCopyTransformer)
 }
 
-func (m *bpModule) transform(transformer bpTransformer) *bpModule {
+func transformModule(m *bpModule, transformer bpTransformer) *bpModule {
 	transformedModule := transformer.transformModule(m)
-	// Copy the contents of the returned property set into the module and then transform that.
-	transformedModule.bpPropertySet, _ = transformPropertySet(transformer, "", transformedModule.bpPropertySet, nil)
+	if transformedModule != nil {
+		// Copy the contents of the returned property set into the module and then transform that.
+		transformedModule.bpPropertySet, _ = transformPropertySet(transformer, "", transformedModule.bpPropertySet, nil)
+	}
 	return transformedModule
 }
 
diff --git a/sdk/systemserverclasspath_fragment_sdk_test.go b/sdk/systemserverclasspath_fragment_sdk_test.go
index 66c44c8..7ccc114 100644
--- a/sdk/systemserverclasspath_fragment_sdk_test.go
+++ b/sdk/systemserverclasspath_fragment_sdk_test.go
@@ -86,6 +86,51 @@
 	)
 }
 
+func TestSnapshotWithEmptySystemServerClasspathFragment(t *testing.T) {
+	commonSdk := `
+		apex {
+			name: "myapex",
+			key: "myapex.key",
+			min_sdk_version: "Tiramisu",
+			systemserverclasspath_fragments: ["mysystemserverclasspathfragment"],
+		}
+		systemserverclasspath_fragment {
+			name: "mysystemserverclasspathfragment",
+			apex_available: ["myapex"],
+			contents: ["mysdklibrary"],
+		}
+		java_sdk_library {
+			name: "mysdklibrary",
+			apex_available: ["myapex"],
+			srcs: ["Test.java"],
+			min_sdk_version: "34", // UpsideDownCake
+		}
+		sdk {
+			name: "mysdk",
+			apexes: ["myapex"],
+		}
+	`
+
+	result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		prepareForSdkTestWithJava,
+		java.PrepareForTestWithJavaDefaultModules,
+		java.PrepareForTestWithJavaSdkLibraryFiles,
+		java.FixtureWithLastReleaseApis("mysdklibrary"),
+		dexpreopt.FixtureSetApexSystemServerJars("myapex:mysdklibrary"),
+		android.FixtureModifyEnv(func(env map[string]string) {
+			// targeting Tiramisu here means that we won't export mysdklibrary
+			env["SOONG_SDK_SNAPSHOT_TARGET_BUILD_RELEASE"] = "Tiramisu"
+		}),
+		android.FixtureModifyProductVariables(func(variables android.FixtureProductVariables) {
+			variables.Platform_version_active_codenames = []string{"UpsideDownCake"}
+		}),
+		prepareForSdkTestWithApex,
+		android.FixtureWithRootAndroidBp(commonSdk),
+	).RunTest(t)
+
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "", checkAndroidBpContents(`// This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.`))
+}
+
 func TestSnapshotWithSystemServerClasspathFragment(t *testing.T) {
 
 	commonSdk := `
diff --git a/sdk/update.go b/sdk/update.go
index d3c59b0..4c39fae 100644
--- a/sdk/update.go
+++ b/sdk/update.go
@@ -455,11 +455,14 @@
 
 	for _, module := range builder.prebuiltOrder {
 		// Prune any empty property sets.
-		module = module.transform(pruneEmptySetTransformer{})
+		module = transformModule(module, pruneEmptySetTransformer{})
 
 		// Transform the module module to make it suitable for use in the snapshot.
-		module.transform(snapshotTransformer)
-		bpFile.AddModule(module)
+		module = transformModule(module, snapshotTransformer)
+		module = transformModule(module, emptyClasspathContentsTransformation{})
+		if module != nil {
+			bpFile.AddModule(module)
+		}
 	}
 
 	// generate Android.bp
@@ -835,9 +838,11 @@
 }
 
 func (t snapshotTransformation) transformModule(module *bpModule) *bpModule {
-	// If the module is an internal member then use a unique name for it.
-	name := module.Name()
-	module.setProperty("name", t.builder.snapshotSdkMemberName(name, true))
+	if module != nil {
+		// If the module is an internal member then use a unique name for it.
+		name := module.Name()
+		module.setProperty("name", t.builder.snapshotSdkMemberName(name, true))
+	}
 	return module
 }
 
@@ -850,6 +855,25 @@
 	}
 }
 
+type emptyClasspathContentsTransformation struct {
+	identityTransformation
+}
+
+func (t emptyClasspathContentsTransformation) transformModule(module *bpModule) *bpModule {
+	classpathModuleTypes := []string{
+		"prebuilt_bootclasspath_fragment",
+		"prebuilt_systemserverclasspath_fragment",
+	}
+	if module != nil && android.InList(module.moduleType, classpathModuleTypes) {
+		if contents, ok := module.bpPropertySet.properties["contents"].([]string); ok {
+			if len(contents) == 0 {
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return module
+}
+
 type pruneEmptySetTransformer struct {
 	identityTransformation
 }
diff --git a/tests/sbom_test.sh b/tests/sbom_test.sh
index 19987f2..30a1d37 100755
--- a/tests/sbom_test.sh
+++ b/tests/sbom_test.sh
@@ -223,4 +223,65 @@
   cleanup "${out_dir}"
 }
 
-test_sbom_aosp_cf_x86_64_phone
\ No newline at end of file
+function test_sbom_unbundled_apex {
+  # Setup
+  out_dir="$(setup)"
+
+  # run_soong to build com.android.adbd.apex
+  run_soong "module_arm64" "${out_dir}" "sbom deapexer" "com.android.adbd"
+
+  deapexer=${out_dir}/host/linux-x86/bin/deapexer
+  debugfs=${out_dir}/host/linux-x86/bin/debugfs_static
+  apex_file=${out_dir}/target/product/module_arm64/system/apex/com.android.adbd.apex
+  echo "============ Diffing files in $apex_file and SBOM"
+  set +e
+  # deapexer prints the list of all files and directories
+  # sed extracts the file/directory names
+  # grep removes directories
+  # sed removes leading ./ in file names
+  diff -I /system/apex/com.android.adbd.apex -I apex_manifest.pb \
+      <($deapexer --debugfs_path=$debugfs list --extents ${apex_file} | sed -E 's#(.*) \[.*\]$#\1#' | grep -v "/$" | sed -E 's#^\./(.*)#\1#' | sort -n) \
+      <(grep '"fileName": ' ${apex_file}.spdx.json | sed -E 's/.*"fileName": "(.*)",/\1/' | sort -n )
+
+  if [ $? != "0" ]; then
+    echo "Diffs found in $apex_file and SBOM"
+    exit 1
+  else
+    echo "No diffs."
+  fi
+  set -e
+
+  # Teardown
+  cleanup "${out_dir}"
+}
+
+function test_sbom_unbundled_apk {
+  # Setup
+  out_dir="$(setup)"
+
+  # run_soong to build Browser2.apk
+  run_soong "module_arm64" "${out_dir}" "sbom" "Browser2"
+
+  sbom_file=${out_dir}/target/product/module_arm64/system/product/app/Browser2/Browser2.apk.spdx.json
+  echo "============ Diffing files in Browser2.apk and SBOM"
+  set +e
+  # There is only one file in SBOM of APKs
+  diff \
+      <(echo "/system/product/app/Browser2/Browser2.apk" ) \
+      <(grep '"fileName": ' ${sbom_file} | sed -E 's/.*"fileName": "(.*)",/\1/' )
+
+  if [ $? != "0" ]; then
+    echo "Diffs found in $sbom_file"
+    exit 1
+  else
+    echo "No diffs."
+  fi
+  set -e
+
+  # Teardown
+  cleanup "${out_dir}"
+}
+
+test_sbom_aosp_cf_x86_64_phone
+test_sbom_unbundled_apex
+test_sbom_unbundled_apk
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ui/build/config.go b/ui/build/config.go
index e642772..fb5f7dd 100644
--- a/ui/build/config.go
+++ b/ui/build/config.go
@@ -1375,10 +1375,15 @@
 }
 
 func (c *configImpl) UseRBE() bool {
+	// These alternate modes of running Soong do not use RBE / reclient.
+	if c.Bp2Build() || c.Queryview() || c.ApiBp2build() || c.JsonModuleGraph() {
+		return false
+	}
+
 	authType, _ := c.rbeAuth()
 	// Do not use RBE with prod credentials in scenarios when stubby doesn't exist, since
 	// its unlikely that we will be able to obtain necessary creds without stubby.
-	if !c.StubbyExists() && strings.Contains(authType, "use_google_prod_creds"){
+	if !c.StubbyExists() && strings.Contains(authType, "use_google_prod_creds") {
 		return false
 	}
 	if v, ok := c.Environment().Get("USE_RBE"); ok {