diff --git a/apex/bootclasspath_fragment_test.go b/apex/bootclasspath_fragment_test.go
index 1971dcd..8b6e876 100644
--- a/apex/bootclasspath_fragment_test.go
+++ b/apex/bootclasspath_fragment_test.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -359,6 +360,19 @@
 
 	addPrebuilt := func(prefer bool, contents ...string) android.FixturePreparer {
 		text := fmt.Sprintf(`
+			prebuilt_apex {
+				name: "com.android.art",
+				arch: {
+					arm64: {
+						src: "com.android.art-arm64.apex",
+					},
+					arm: {
+						src: "com.android.art-arm.apex",
+					},
+				},
+				exported_bootclasspath_fragments: ["mybootclasspathfragment"],
+			}
+
 			prebuilt_bootclasspath_fragment {
 				name: "mybootclasspathfragment",
 				image_name: "art",
@@ -372,7 +386,47 @@
 		return android.FixtureAddTextFile("prebuilts/module_sdk/art/Android.bp", text)
 	}
 
-	t.Run("boot image files", func(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("boot image files from source", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+			commonPreparer,
+
+			// Configure some libraries in the art bootclasspath_fragment that match the source
+			// bootclasspath_fragment's contents property.
+			java.FixtureConfigureBootJars("com.android.art:foo", "com.android.art:bar"),
+			addSource("foo", "bar"),
+		).RunTest(t)
+
+		ensureExactContents(t, result.TestContext, "com.android.art", "android_common_com.android.art_image", []string{
+			"etc/classpaths/bootclasspath.pb",
+			"javalib/arm/boot.art",
+			"javalib/arm/boot.oat",
+			"javalib/arm/boot.vdex",
+			"javalib/arm/boot-bar.art",
+			"javalib/arm/boot-bar.oat",
+			"javalib/arm/boot-bar.vdex",
+			"javalib/arm64/boot.art",
+			"javalib/arm64/boot.oat",
+			"javalib/arm64/boot.vdex",
+			"javalib/arm64/boot-bar.art",
+			"javalib/arm64/boot-bar.oat",
+			"javalib/arm64/boot-bar.vdex",
+			"javalib/bar.jar",
+			"javalib/foo.jar",
+		})
+
+		java.CheckModuleDependencies(t, result.TestContext, "com.android.art", "android_common_com.android.art_image", []string{
+			`bar`,
+			`com.android.art.key`,
+			`mybootclasspathfragment`,
+		})
+
+		// Make sure that the source bootclasspath_fragment copies its dex files to the predefined
+		// locations for the art image.
+		module := result.ModuleForTests("mybootclasspathfragment", "android_common_apex10000")
+		checkCopiesToPredefinedLocationForArt(t, result.Config, module, "bar", "foo")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("boot image files with preferred prebuilt", func(t *testing.T) {
 		result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
 			commonPreparer,
 
@@ -407,7 +461,13 @@
 			`bar`,
 			`com.android.art.key`,
 			`mybootclasspathfragment`,
+			`prebuilt_com.android.art`,
 		})
+
+		// Make sure that the prebuilt bootclasspath_fragment copies its dex files to the predefined
+		// locations for the art image.
+		module := result.ModuleForTests("prebuilt_mybootclasspathfragment", "android_common_com.android.art")
+		checkCopiesToPredefinedLocationForArt(t, result.Config, module, "bar", "foo")
 	})
 
 	t.Run("source with inconsistency between config and contents", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -528,11 +588,36 @@
 		`prebuilt_mybootclasspathfragment`,
 	})
 
-	java.CheckModuleDependencies(t, result.TestContext, "mybootclasspathfragment", "android_common", []string{
+	java.CheckModuleDependencies(t, result.TestContext, "mybootclasspathfragment", "android_common_com.android.art", []string{
 		`dex2oatd`,
 		`prebuilt_bar`,
 		`prebuilt_foo`,
 	})
+
+	module := result.ModuleForTests("mybootclasspathfragment", "android_common_com.android.art")
+	checkCopiesToPredefinedLocationForArt(t, result.Config, module, "bar", "foo")
+}
+
+// checkCopiesToPredefinedLocationForArt checks that the supplied modules are copied to the
+// predefined locations of boot dex jars used as inputs for the ART boot image.
+func checkCopiesToPredefinedLocationForArt(t *testing.T, config android.Config, module android.TestingModule, modules ...string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	bootJarLocations := []string{}
+	for _, output := range module.AllOutputs() {
+		output = android.StringRelativeToTop(config, output)
+		if strings.HasPrefix(output, "out/soong/test_device/dex_artjars_input/") {
+			bootJarLocations = append(bootJarLocations, output)
+		}
+	}
+
+	sort.Strings(bootJarLocations)
+	expected := []string{}
+	for _, m := range modules {
+		expected = append(expected, fmt.Sprintf("out/soong/test_device/dex_artjars_input/%s.jar", m))
+	}
+	sort.Strings(expected)
+
+	android.AssertArrayString(t, "copies to predefined locations for art", expected, bootJarLocations)
 }
 
 func TestBootclasspathFragmentContentsNoName(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/java/bootclasspath_fragment.go b/java/bootclasspath_fragment.go
index c47ab38..4874395 100644
--- a/java/bootclasspath_fragment.go
+++ b/java/bootclasspath_fragment.go
@@ -409,6 +409,13 @@
 		// Perform hidden API processing.
 		hiddenAPIOutput := b.generateHiddenAPIBuildActions(ctx, contents, fragments)
 
+		if imageConfig != nil {
+			if shouldCopyBootFilesToPredefinedLocations(ctx, imageConfig) {
+				// Copy the dex jars of this fragment's content modules to their predefined locations.
+				copyBootJarsToPredefinedLocations(ctx, hiddenAPIOutput.EncodedBootDexFilesByModule, imageConfig.dexPathsByModule)
+			}
+		}
+
 		// A prebuilt fragment cannot contribute to an apex.
 		if !android.IsModulePrebuilt(ctx.Module()) {
 			// Provide the apex content info.
@@ -417,6 +424,29 @@
 	}
 }
 
+// shouldCopyBootFilesToPredefinedLocations determines whether the current module should copy boot
+// files, e.g. boot dex jars or boot image files, to the predefined location expected by the rest
+// of the build.
+//
+// This ensures that only a single module will copy its files to the image configuration.
+func shouldCopyBootFilesToPredefinedLocations(ctx android.ModuleContext, imageConfig *bootImageConfig) bool {
+	// Bootclasspath fragment modules that are for the platform do not produce boot related files.
+	apexInfo := ctx.Provider(android.ApexInfoProvider).(android.ApexInfo)
+	if apexInfo.IsForPlatform() {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// If the image configuration has no modules specified then it means that the build has been
+	// configured to build something other than a boot image, e.g. an sdk, so do not try and copy the
+	// files.
+	if imageConfig.modules.Len() == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Only copy files from the module that is preferred.
+	return isActiveModule(ctx.Module())
+}
+
 // provideApexContentInfo creates, initializes and stores the apex content info for use by other
 // modules.
 func (b *BootclasspathFragmentModule) provideApexContentInfo(ctx android.ModuleContext, imageConfig *bootImageConfig, contents []android.Module, hiddenAPIOutput *HiddenAPIOutput) {
@@ -635,10 +665,6 @@
 		return false
 	}
 
-	// Copy the dex jars of this fragment's content modules to their predefined locations.
-	bootDexJarByModule := extractEncodedDexJarsFromModules(ctx, contents)
-	copyBootJarsToPredefinedLocations(ctx, bootDexJarByModule, imageConfig.dexPathsByModule)
-
 	// Build a profile for the image config and then use that to build the boot image.
 	profile := bootImageProfileRule(ctx, imageConfig)
 	buildBootImage(ctx, imageConfig, profile)