Add DepSets

Add DepSets to efficiently support tracking transitive Paths without
copying, based on Bazel's depsets:
https://docs.bazel.build/versions/master/skylark/depsets.html

Test: depset_test.go
Change-Id: If744affdf1ed850113166ba611a79a891262040c
diff --git a/android/depset.go b/android/depset.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f707094
--- /dev/null
+++ b/android/depset.go
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+// Copyright 2020 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package android
+
+import "fmt"
+
+// DepSet is designed to be conceptually compatible with Bazel's depsets:
+// https://docs.bazel.build/versions/master/skylark/depsets.html
+
+// A DepSet efficiently stores Paths from transitive dependencies without copying. It is stored
+// as a DAG of DepSet nodes, each of which has some direct contents and a list of dependency
+// DepSet nodes.
+//
+// A DepSet has an order that will be used to walk the DAG when ToList() is called.  The order
+// can be POSTORDER, PREORDER, or TOPOLOGICAL.  POSTORDER and PREORDER orders return a postordered
+// or preordered left to right flattened list.  TOPOLOGICAL returns a list that guarantees that
+// elements of children are listed after all of their parents (unless there are duplicate direct
+// elements in the DepSet or any of its transitive dependencies, in which case the ordering of the
+// duplicated element is not guaranteed).
+//
+// A DepSet is created by NewDepSet or NewDepSetBuilder.Build from the Paths for direct contents
+// and the *DepSets of dependencies. A DepSet is immutable once created.
+type DepSet struct {
+	preorder   bool
+	reverse    bool
+	order      DepSetOrder
+	direct     Paths
+	transitive []*DepSet
+}
+
+// DepSetBuilder is used to create an immutable DepSet.
+type DepSetBuilder struct {
+	order      DepSetOrder
+	direct     Paths
+	transitive []*DepSet
+}
+
+type DepSetOrder int
+
+const (
+	PREORDER DepSetOrder = iota
+	POSTORDER
+	TOPOLOGICAL
+)
+
+func (o DepSetOrder) String() string {
+	switch o {
+	case PREORDER:
+		return "PREORDER"
+	case POSTORDER:
+		return "POSTORDER"
+	case TOPOLOGICAL:
+		return "TOPOLOGICAL"
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("Invalid DepSetOrder %d", o))
+	}
+}
+
+// NewDepSet returns an immutable DepSet with the given order, direct and transitive contents.
+func NewDepSet(order DepSetOrder, direct Paths, transitive []*DepSet) *DepSet {
+	var directCopy Paths
+	var transitiveCopy []*DepSet
+	if order == TOPOLOGICAL {
+		directCopy = ReversePaths(direct)
+		transitiveCopy = reverseDepSets(transitive)
+	} else {
+		// Use copy instead of append(nil, ...) to make a slice that is exactly the size of the input
+		// slice.  The DepSet is immutable, there is no need for additional capacity.
+		directCopy = make(Paths, len(direct))
+		copy(directCopy, direct)
+		transitiveCopy = make([]*DepSet, len(transitive))
+		copy(transitiveCopy, transitive)
+	}
+
+	for _, dep := range transitive {
+		if dep.order != order {
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("incompatible order, new DepSet is %s but transitive DepSet is %s",
+				order, dep.order))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &DepSet{
+		preorder:   order == PREORDER,
+		reverse:    order == TOPOLOGICAL,
+		order:      order,
+		direct:     directCopy,
+		transitive: transitiveCopy,
+	}
+}
+
+// NewDepSetBuilder returns a DepSetBuilder to create an immutable DepSet with the given order.
+func NewDepSetBuilder(order DepSetOrder) *DepSetBuilder {
+	return &DepSetBuilder{order: order}
+}
+
+// Direct adds direct contents to the DepSet being built by a DepSetBuilder. Newly added direct
+// contents are to the right of any existing direct contents.
+func (b *DepSetBuilder) Direct(direct ...Path) *DepSetBuilder {
+	b.direct = append(b.direct, direct...)
+	return b
+}
+
+// Transitive adds transitive contents to the DepSet being built by a DepSetBuilder. Newly added
+// transitive contents are to the right of any existing transitive contents.
+func (b *DepSetBuilder) Transitive(transitive ...*DepSet) *DepSetBuilder {
+	b.transitive = append(b.transitive, transitive...)
+	return b
+}
+
+// Returns the DepSet being built by this DepSetBuilder.  The DepSetBuilder retains its contents
+// for creating more DepSets.
+func (b *DepSetBuilder) Build() *DepSet {
+	return NewDepSet(b.order, b.direct, b.transitive)
+}
+
+// walk calls the visit method in depth-first order on a DepSet, preordered if d.preorder is set,
+// otherwise postordered.
+func (d *DepSet) walk(visit func(Paths)) {
+	visited := make(map[*DepSet]bool)
+
+	var dfs func(d *DepSet)
+	dfs = func(d *DepSet) {
+		visited[d] = true
+		if d.preorder {
+			visit(d.direct)
+		}
+		for _, dep := range d.transitive {
+			if !visited[dep] {
+				dfs(dep)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if !d.preorder {
+			visit(d.direct)
+		}
+	}
+
+	dfs(d)
+}
+
+// ToList returns the DepSet flattened to a list.  The order in the list is based on the order
+// of the DepSet.  POSTORDER and PREORDER orders return a postordered or preordered left to right
+// flattened list.  TOPOLOGICAL returns a list that guarantees that elements of children are listed
+// after all of their parents (unless there are duplicate direct elements in the DepSet or any of
+// its transitive dependencies, in which case the ordering of the duplicated element is not
+// guaranteed).
+func (d *DepSet) ToList() Paths {
+	var list Paths
+	d.walk(func(paths Paths) {
+		list = append(list, paths...)
+	})
+	list = FirstUniquePaths(list)
+	if d.reverse {
+		reversePathsInPlace(list)
+	}
+	return list
+}
+
+// ToSortedList returns the direct and transitive contents of a DepSet in lexically sorted order
+// with duplicates removed.
+func (d *DepSet) ToSortedList() Paths {
+	list := d.ToList()
+	return SortedUniquePaths(list)
+}
+
+func reversePathsInPlace(list Paths) {
+	for i, j := 0, len(list)-1; i < j; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
+		list[i], list[j] = list[j], list[i]
+	}
+}
+
+func reverseDepSets(list []*DepSet) []*DepSet {
+	ret := make([]*DepSet, len(list))
+	for i := range list {
+		ret[i] = list[len(list)-1-i]
+	}
+	return ret
+}