diff --git a/android/hooks.go b/android/hooks.go
index 1e5ff21..604cb9c 100644
--- a/android/hooks.go
+++ b/android/hooks.go
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
 
 type InstallHookContext interface {
 	ModuleContext
-	Path() OutputPath
+	Path() InstallPath
 	Symlink() bool
 }
 
@@ -89,11 +89,11 @@
 
 type installHookContext struct {
 	ModuleContext
-	path    OutputPath
+	path    InstallPath
 	symlink bool
 }
 
-func (x *installHookContext) Path() OutputPath {
+func (x *installHookContext) Path() InstallPath {
 	return x.path
 }
 
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
 	return x.symlink
 }
 
-func (x *hooks) runInstallHooks(ctx ModuleContext, path OutputPath, symlink bool) {
+func (x *hooks) runInstallHooks(ctx ModuleContext, path InstallPath, symlink bool) {
 	if len(x.install) > 0 {
 		mctx := &installHookContext{
 			ModuleContext: ctx,
diff --git a/android/module.go b/android/module.go
index a1a01a5..40b2b57 100644
--- a/android/module.go
+++ b/android/module.go
@@ -147,16 +147,17 @@
 	ExpandSource(srcFile, prop string) Path
 	ExpandOptionalSource(srcFile *string, prop string) OptionalPath
 
-	InstallExecutable(installPath OutputPath, name string, srcPath Path, deps ...Path) OutputPath
-	InstallFile(installPath OutputPath, name string, srcPath Path, deps ...Path) OutputPath
-	InstallSymlink(installPath OutputPath, name string, srcPath OutputPath) OutputPath
-	InstallAbsoluteSymlink(installPath OutputPath, name string, absPath string) OutputPath
+	InstallExecutable(installPath InstallPath, name string, srcPath Path, deps ...Path) InstallPath
+	InstallFile(installPath InstallPath, name string, srcPath Path, deps ...Path) InstallPath
+	InstallSymlink(installPath InstallPath, name string, srcPath InstallPath) InstallPath
+	InstallAbsoluteSymlink(installPath InstallPath, name string, absPath string) InstallPath
 	CheckbuildFile(srcPath Path)
 
 	InstallInData() bool
 	InstallInTestcases() bool
 	InstallInSanitizerDir() bool
 	InstallInRecovery() bool
+	InstallInRoot() bool
 	InstallBypassMake() bool
 
 	RequiredModuleNames() []string
@@ -196,6 +197,7 @@
 	InstallInTestcases() bool
 	InstallInSanitizerDir() bool
 	InstallInRecovery() bool
+	InstallInRoot() bool
 	InstallBypassMake() bool
 	SkipInstall()
 	ExportedToMake() bool
@@ -846,6 +848,10 @@
 	return Bool(m.commonProperties.Recovery)
 }
 
+func (m *ModuleBase) InstallInRoot() bool {
+	return false
+}
+
 func (m *ModuleBase) InstallBypassMake() bool {
 	return false
 }
@@ -1522,11 +1528,15 @@
 	return m.module.InstallInRecovery()
 }
 
+func (m *moduleContext) InstallInRoot() bool {
+	return m.module.InstallInRoot()
+}
+
 func (m *moduleContext) InstallBypassMake() bool {
 	return m.module.InstallBypassMake()
 }
 
-func (m *moduleContext) skipInstall(fullInstallPath OutputPath) bool {
+func (m *moduleContext) skipInstall(fullInstallPath InstallPath) bool {
 	if m.module.base().commonProperties.SkipInstall {
 		return true
 	}
@@ -1551,18 +1561,18 @@
 	return false
 }
 
-func (m *moduleContext) InstallFile(installPath OutputPath, name string, srcPath Path,
-	deps ...Path) OutputPath {
+func (m *moduleContext) InstallFile(installPath InstallPath, name string, srcPath Path,
+	deps ...Path) InstallPath {
 	return m.installFile(installPath, name, srcPath, Cp, deps)
 }
 
-func (m *moduleContext) InstallExecutable(installPath OutputPath, name string, srcPath Path,
-	deps ...Path) OutputPath {
+func (m *moduleContext) InstallExecutable(installPath InstallPath, name string, srcPath Path,
+	deps ...Path) InstallPath {
 	return m.installFile(installPath, name, srcPath, CpExecutable, deps)
 }
 
-func (m *moduleContext) installFile(installPath OutputPath, name string, srcPath Path,
-	rule blueprint.Rule, deps []Path) OutputPath {
+func (m *moduleContext) installFile(installPath InstallPath, name string, srcPath Path,
+	rule blueprint.Rule, deps []Path) InstallPath {
 
 	fullInstallPath := installPath.Join(m, name)
 	m.module.base().hooks.runInstallHooks(m, fullInstallPath, false)
@@ -1597,7 +1607,7 @@
 	return fullInstallPath
 }
 
-func (m *moduleContext) InstallSymlink(installPath OutputPath, name string, srcPath OutputPath) OutputPath {
+func (m *moduleContext) InstallSymlink(installPath InstallPath, name string, srcPath InstallPath) InstallPath {
 	fullInstallPath := installPath.Join(m, name)
 	m.module.base().hooks.runInstallHooks(m, fullInstallPath, true)
 
@@ -1626,7 +1636,7 @@
 
 // installPath/name -> absPath where absPath might be a path that is available only at runtime
 // (e.g. /apex/...)
-func (m *moduleContext) InstallAbsoluteSymlink(installPath OutputPath, name string, absPath string) OutputPath {
+func (m *moduleContext) InstallAbsoluteSymlink(installPath InstallPath, name string, absPath string) InstallPath {
 	fullInstallPath := installPath.Join(m, name)
 	m.module.base().hooks.runInstallHooks(m, fullInstallPath, true)
 
diff --git a/android/notices.go b/android/notices.go
index 7b61d65..bf273b5 100644
--- a/android/notices.go
+++ b/android/notices.go
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
 	})
 }
 
-func BuildNoticeOutput(ctx ModuleContext, installPath OutputPath, installFilename string,
+func BuildNoticeOutput(ctx ModuleContext, installPath InstallPath, installFilename string,
 	noticePaths []Path) NoticeOutputs {
 	// Merge all NOTICE files into one.
 	// TODO(jungjw): We should just produce a well-formatted NOTICE.html file in a single pass.
diff --git a/android/paths.go b/android/paths.go
index 8bd2c61..8dbb086 100644
--- a/android/paths.go
+++ b/android/paths.go
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 	InstallInTestcases() bool
 	InstallInSanitizerDir() bool
 	InstallInRecovery() bool
+	InstallInRoot() bool
 	InstallBypassMake() bool
 }
 
@@ -792,7 +793,7 @@
 	return OptionalPathForPath(PathForSource(ctx, relPath))
 }
 
-// OutputPath is a Path representing a file path rooted from the build directory
+// OutputPath is a Path representing an intermediates file path rooted from the build directory
 type OutputPath struct {
 	basePath
 }
@@ -820,17 +821,6 @@
 	return OutputPath{basePath{path, ctx.Config(), ""}}
 }
 
-// pathForInstallInMakeDir is used by PathForModuleInstall when the module returns true
-// for InstallBypassMake to produce an OutputPath that installs to $OUT_DIR instead of
-// $OUT_DIR/soong.
-func pathForInstallInMakeDir(ctx PathContext, pathComponents ...string) OutputPath {
-	path, err := validatePath(pathComponents...)
-	if err != nil {
-		reportPathError(ctx, err)
-	}
-	return OutputPath{basePath{"../" + path, ctx.Config(), ""}}
-}
-
 // PathsForOutput returns Paths rooted from buildDir
 func PathsForOutput(ctx PathContext, paths []string) WritablePaths {
 	ret := make(WritablePaths, len(paths))
@@ -846,10 +836,6 @@
 	return filepath.Join(p.config.buildDir, p.path)
 }
 
-func (p OutputPath) RelPathString() string {
-	return p.path
-}
-
 // Join creates a new OutputPath with paths... joined with the current path. The
 // provided paths... may not use '..' to escape from the current path.
 func (p OutputPath) Join(ctx PathContext, paths ...string) OutputPath {
@@ -1118,9 +1104,44 @@
 	return ModuleResPath{PathForModuleOut(ctx, "res", p)}
 }
 
+// InstallPath is a Path representing a installed file path rooted from the build directory
+type InstallPath struct {
+	basePath
+
+	baseDir string // "../" for Make paths to convert "out/soong" to "out", "" for Soong paths
+}
+
+func (p InstallPath) writablePath() {}
+
+func (p InstallPath) String() string {
+	return filepath.Join(p.config.buildDir, p.baseDir, p.path)
+}
+
+// Join creates a new InstallPath with paths... joined with the current path. The
+// provided paths... may not use '..' to escape from the current path.
+func (p InstallPath) Join(ctx PathContext, paths ...string) InstallPath {
+	path, err := validatePath(paths...)
+	if err != nil {
+		reportPathError(ctx, err)
+	}
+	return p.withRel(path)
+}
+
+func (p InstallPath) withRel(rel string) InstallPath {
+	p.basePath = p.basePath.withRel(rel)
+	return p
+}
+
+// ToMakePath returns a new InstallPath that points to Make's install directory instead of Soong's,
+// i.e. out/ instead of out/soong/.
+func (p InstallPath) ToMakePath() InstallPath {
+	p.baseDir = "../"
+	return p
+}
+
 // PathForModuleInstall returns a Path representing the install path for the
 // module appended with paths...
-func PathForModuleInstall(ctx ModuleInstallPathContext, pathComponents ...string) OutputPath {
+func PathForModuleInstall(ctx ModuleInstallPathContext, pathComponents ...string) InstallPath {
 	var outPaths []string
 	if ctx.Device() {
 		partition := modulePartition(ctx)
@@ -1140,13 +1161,30 @@
 		outPaths = append([]string{"debug"}, outPaths...)
 	}
 	outPaths = append(outPaths, pathComponents...)
-	if ctx.InstallBypassMake() && ctx.Config().EmbeddedInMake() {
-		return pathForInstallInMakeDir(ctx, outPaths...)
+
+	path, err := validatePath(outPaths...)
+	if err != nil {
+		reportPathError(ctx, err)
 	}
-	return PathForOutput(ctx, outPaths...)
+
+	ret := InstallPath{basePath{path, ctx.Config(), ""}, ""}
+	if ctx.InstallBypassMake() && ctx.Config().EmbeddedInMake() {
+		ret = ret.ToMakePath()
+	}
+
+	return ret
 }
 
-func InstallPathToOnDevicePath(ctx PathContext, path OutputPath) string {
+func PathForNdkInstall(ctx PathContext, paths ...string) InstallPath {
+	paths = append([]string{"ndk"}, paths...)
+	path, err := validatePath(paths...)
+	if err != nil {
+		reportPathError(ctx, err)
+	}
+	return InstallPath{basePath{path, ctx.Config(), ""}, ""}
+}
+
+func InstallPathToOnDevicePath(ctx PathContext, path InstallPath) string {
 	rel := Rel(ctx, PathForOutput(ctx, "target", "product", ctx.Config().DeviceName()).String(), path.String())
 
 	return "/" + rel
@@ -1159,8 +1197,12 @@
 	} else if ctx.InstallInTestcases() {
 		partition = "testcases"
 	} else if ctx.InstallInRecovery() {
-		// the layout of recovery partion is the same as that of system partition
-		partition = "recovery/root/system"
+		if ctx.InstallInRoot() {
+			partition = "recovery/root"
+		} else {
+			// the layout of recovery partion is the same as that of system partition
+			partition = "recovery/root/system"
+		}
 	} else if ctx.SocSpecific() {
 		partition = ctx.DeviceConfig().VendorPath()
 	} else if ctx.DeviceSpecific() {
@@ -1169,6 +1211,8 @@
 		partition = ctx.DeviceConfig().ProductPath()
 	} else if ctx.SystemExtSpecific() {
 		partition = ctx.DeviceConfig().SystemExtPath()
+	} else if ctx.InstallInRoot() {
+		partition = "root"
 	} else {
 		partition = "system"
 	}
diff --git a/android/paths_test.go b/android/paths_test.go
index b66eb1e..2e67272 100644
--- a/android/paths_test.go
+++ b/android/paths_test.go
@@ -204,6 +204,7 @@
 	inTestcases    bool
 	inSanitizerDir bool
 	inRecovery     bool
+	inRoot         bool
 }
 
 func (moduleInstallPathContextImpl) Fs() pathtools.FileSystem {
@@ -232,6 +233,10 @@
 	return m.inRecovery
 }
 
+func (m moduleInstallPathContextImpl) InstallInRoot() bool {
+	return m.inRoot
+}
+
 func (m moduleInstallPathContextImpl) InstallBypassMake() bool {
 	return false
 }
@@ -313,6 +318,40 @@
 			in:  []string{"bin", "my_test"},
 			out: "target/product/test_device/system_ext/bin/my_test",
 		},
+		{
+			name: "root binary",
+			ctx: &moduleInstallPathContextImpl{
+				baseModuleContext: baseModuleContext{
+					target: deviceTarget,
+				},
+				inRoot: true,
+			},
+			in:  []string{"my_test"},
+			out: "target/product/test_device/root/my_test",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "recovery binary",
+			ctx: &moduleInstallPathContextImpl{
+				baseModuleContext: baseModuleContext{
+					target: deviceTarget,
+				},
+				inRecovery: true,
+			},
+			in:  []string{"bin/my_test"},
+			out: "target/product/test_device/recovery/root/system/bin/my_test",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "recovery root binary",
+			ctx: &moduleInstallPathContextImpl{
+				baseModuleContext: baseModuleContext{
+					target: deviceTarget,
+				},
+				inRecovery: true,
+				inRoot:     true,
+			},
+			in:  []string{"my_test"},
+			out: "target/product/test_device/recovery/root/my_test",
+		},
 
 		{
 			name: "system native test binary",
diff --git a/android/prebuilt_etc.go b/android/prebuilt_etc.go
index d29ed16..6c4813b 100644
--- a/android/prebuilt_etc.go
+++ b/android/prebuilt_etc.go
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
 	installDirBase string
 	// The base install location when soc_specific property is set to true, e.g. "firmware" for prebuilt_firmware.
 	socInstallDirBase      string
-	installDirPath         OutputPath
+	installDirPath         InstallPath
 	additionalDependencies *Paths
 }
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
 	return PathForModuleSrc(ctx, String(p.properties.Src))
 }
 
-func (p *PrebuiltEtc) InstallDirPath() OutputPath {
+func (p *PrebuiltEtc) InstallDirPath() InstallPath {
 	return p.installDirPath
 }
 
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@
 		ExtraEntries: []AndroidMkExtraEntriesFunc{
 			func(entries *AndroidMkEntries) {
 				entries.SetString("LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS", "optional")
-				entries.SetString("LOCAL_MODULE_PATH", "$(OUT_DIR)/"+p.installDirPath.RelPathString())
+				entries.SetString("LOCAL_MODULE_PATH", p.installDirPath.ToMakePath().String())
 				entries.SetString("LOCAL_INSTALLED_MODULE_STEM", p.outputFilePath.Base())
 				entries.SetString("LOCAL_UNINSTALLABLE_MODULE", strconv.FormatBool(!p.Installable()))
 				if p.additionalDependencies != nil {
diff --git a/android/prebuilt_etc_test.go b/android/prebuilt_etc_test.go
index 0a2c7a4..f675ea3 100644
--- a/android/prebuilt_etc_test.go
+++ b/android/prebuilt_etc_test.go
@@ -182,9 +182,9 @@
 	`)
 
 	p := ctx.ModuleForTests("foo.conf", "android_arm64_armv8-a_core").Module().(*PrebuiltEtc)
-	expected := "target/product/test_device/system/usr/share/bar"
-	if p.installDirPath.RelPathString() != expected {
-		t.Errorf("expected %q, got %q", expected, p.installDirPath.RelPathString())
+	expected := buildDir + "/target/product/test_device/system/usr/share/bar"
+	if p.installDirPath.String() != expected {
+		t.Errorf("expected %q, got %q", expected, p.installDirPath.String())
 	}
 }
 
@@ -199,9 +199,9 @@
 
 	buildOS := BuildOs.String()
 	p := ctx.ModuleForTests("foo.conf", buildOS+"_common").Module().(*PrebuiltEtc)
-	expected := filepath.Join("host", config.PrebuiltOS(), "usr", "share", "bar")
-	if p.installDirPath.RelPathString() != expected {
-		t.Errorf("expected %q, got %q", expected, p.installDirPath.RelPathString())
+	expected := filepath.Join(buildDir, "host", config.PrebuiltOS(), "usr", "share", "bar")
+	if p.installDirPath.String() != expected {
+		t.Errorf("expected %q, got %q", expected, p.installDirPath.String())
 	}
 }
 
@@ -214,14 +214,14 @@
 	`)
 
 	p := ctx.ModuleForTests("foo.conf", "android_arm64_armv8-a_core").Module().(*PrebuiltEtc)
-	expected := "target/product/test_device/system/fonts"
-	if p.installDirPath.RelPathString() != expected {
-		t.Errorf("expected %q, got %q", expected, p.installDirPath.RelPathString())
+	expected := buildDir + "/target/product/test_device/system/fonts"
+	if p.installDirPath.String() != expected {
+		t.Errorf("expected %q, got %q", expected, p.installDirPath.String())
 	}
 }
 
 func TestPrebuiltFirmwareDirPath(t *testing.T) {
-	targetPath := "target/product/test_device"
+	targetPath := buildDir + "/target/product/test_device"
 	tests := []struct {
 		description  string
 		config       string
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@
 		t.Run(tt.description, func(t *testing.T) {
 			ctx, _ := testPrebuiltEtc(t, tt.config)
 			p := ctx.ModuleForTests("foo.conf", "android_arm64_armv8-a_core").Module().(*PrebuiltEtc)
-			if p.installDirPath.RelPathString() != tt.expectedPath {
+			if p.installDirPath.String() != tt.expectedPath {
 				t.Errorf("expected %q, got %q", tt.expectedPath, p.installDirPath)
 			}
 		})
diff --git a/apex/apex.go b/apex/apex.go
index aff8d50..a561cfa 100644
--- a/apex/apex.go
+++ b/apex/apex.go
@@ -561,8 +561,8 @@
 
 	bundleModuleFile android.WritablePath
 	outputFiles      map[apexPackaging]android.WritablePath
-	flattenedOutput  android.OutputPath
-	installDir       android.OutputPath
+	flattenedOutput  android.InstallPath
+	installDir       android.InstallPath
 
 	prebuiltFileToDelete string
 
@@ -1625,8 +1625,8 @@
 			proptools.StringDefault(a.properties.Apex_name, name), fi.installDir)
 		if a.properties.Flattened && apexType.image() {
 			// /system/apex/<name>/{lib|framework|...}
-			fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_MODULE_PATH :=", filepath.Join("$(OUT_DIR)",
-				a.installDir.RelPathString(), name, fi.installDir))
+			fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_MODULE_PATH :=", filepath.Join(a.installDir.ToMakePath().String(),
+				name, fi.installDir))
 			if !a.isFlattenedVariant() {
 				fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_SOONG_SYMBOL_PATH :=", pathWhenActivated)
 			}
@@ -1735,7 +1735,7 @@
 				fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_MODULE :=", name)
 				fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC") // do we need a new class?
 				fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_PREBUILT_MODULE_FILE :=", a.outputFiles[apexType].String())
-				fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_MODULE_PATH :=", filepath.Join("$(OUT_DIR)", a.installDir.RelPathString()))
+				fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_MODULE_PATH :=", a.installDir.ToMakePath().String())
 				fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_MODULE_STEM :=", name+apexType.suffix())
 				fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_UNINSTALLABLE_MODULE :=", !a.installable())
 				if len(moduleNames) > 0 {
@@ -1746,7 +1746,7 @@
 				}
 				if a.prebuiltFileToDelete != "" {
 					fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_POST_INSTALL_CMD :=", "rm -rf "+
-						filepath.Join("$(OUT_DIR)", a.installDir.RelPathString(), a.prebuiltFileToDelete))
+						filepath.Join(a.installDir.ToMakePath().String(), a.prebuiltFileToDelete))
 				}
 				fmt.Fprintln(w, "include $(BUILD_PREBUILT)")
 
@@ -1840,7 +1840,7 @@
 	properties PrebuiltProperties
 
 	inputApex       android.Path
-	installDir      android.OutputPath
+	installDir      android.InstallPath
 	installFilename string
 	outputApex      android.WritablePath
 }
@@ -1987,7 +1987,7 @@
 		Include:    "$(BUILD_PREBUILT)",
 		ExtraEntries: []android.AndroidMkExtraEntriesFunc{
 			func(entries *android.AndroidMkEntries) {
-				entries.SetString("LOCAL_MODULE_PATH", filepath.Join("$(OUT_DIR)", p.installDir.RelPathString()))
+				entries.SetString("LOCAL_MODULE_PATH", p.installDir.ToMakePath().String())
 				entries.SetString("LOCAL_MODULE_STEM", p.installFilename)
 				entries.SetBoolIfTrue("LOCAL_UNINSTALLABLE_MODULE", !p.installable())
 				entries.AddStrings("LOCAL_OVERRIDES_PACKAGES", p.properties.Overrides...)
diff --git a/apex/apex_test.go b/apex/apex_test.go
index ecfa46f..b4516bd 100644
--- a/apex/apex_test.go
+++ b/apex/apex_test.go
@@ -1382,6 +1382,7 @@
 			vndk: {
 				enabled: true,
 			},
+			target_arch: "arm64",
 			srcs: ["libvndk27.so"],
 		}
 	`, withFiles(map[string][]byte{
@@ -1864,8 +1865,8 @@
 	`)
 
 	apex := ctx.ModuleForTests("myapex", "android_common_myapex").Module().(*apexBundle)
-	expected := "target/product/test_device/product/apex"
-	actual := apex.installDir.RelPathString()
+	expected := buildDir + "/target/product/test_device/product/apex"
+	actual := apex.installDir.String()
 	if actual != expected {
 		t.Errorf("wrong install path. expected %q. actual %q", expected, actual)
 	}
diff --git a/cc/androidmk.go b/cc/androidmk.go
index aab4edd..f1d329f 100644
--- a/cc/androidmk.go
+++ b/cc/androidmk.go
@@ -350,11 +350,10 @@
 	}
 
 	ret.Extra = append(ret.Extra, func(w io.Writer, outputFile android.Path) {
-		path := installer.path.RelPathString()
-		dir, file := filepath.Split(path)
+		path, file := filepath.Split(installer.path.ToMakePath().String())
 		stem, suffix, _ := android.SplitFileExt(file)
 		fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_MODULE_SUFFIX := "+suffix)
-		fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(OUT_DIR)/"+filepath.Clean(dir))
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := "+path)
 		fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_MODULE_STEM := "+stem)
 	})
 }
@@ -395,12 +394,11 @@
 	ret.Extra = append(ret.Extra, func(w io.Writer, outputFile android.Path) {
 		c.libraryDecorator.androidMkWriteExportedFlags(w)
 
-		path := c.path.RelPathString()
-		dir, file := filepath.Split(path)
+		path, file := filepath.Split(c.path.ToMakePath().String())
 		stem, suffix, ext := android.SplitFileExt(file)
 		fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE_STEM := $(LOCAL_MODULE)"+ext)
 		fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_MODULE_SUFFIX := "+suffix)
-		fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(OUT_DIR)/"+filepath.Clean(dir))
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := "+path)
 		fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_MODULE_STEM := "+stem)
 	})
 }
diff --git a/cc/installer.go b/cc/installer.go
index a52ccf1..610252c 100644
--- a/cc/installer.go
+++ b/cc/installer.go
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 	relative string
 	location installLocation
 
-	path android.OutputPath
+	path android.InstallPath
 }
 
 var _ installer = (*baseInstaller)(nil)
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
 	return []interface{}{&installer.Properties}
 }
 
-func (installer *baseInstaller) installDir(ctx ModuleContext) android.OutputPath {
+func (installer *baseInstaller) installDir(ctx ModuleContext) android.InstallPath {
 	dir := installer.dir
 	if ctx.toolchain().Is64Bit() && installer.dir64 != "" {
 		dir = installer.dir64
diff --git a/cc/library.go b/cc/library.go
index a41ddc2..d8c9b90 100644
--- a/cc/library.go
+++ b/cc/library.go
@@ -791,9 +791,7 @@
 
 	// Optimize out relinking against shared libraries whose interface hasn't changed by
 	// depending on a table of contents file instead of the library itself.
-	tocPath := outputFile.RelPathString()
-	tocPath = pathtools.ReplaceExtension(tocPath, flags.Toolchain.ShlibSuffix()[1:]+".toc")
-	tocFile := android.PathForOutput(ctx, tocPath)
+	tocFile := outputFile.ReplaceExtension(ctx, flags.Toolchain.ShlibSuffix()[1:]+".toc")
 	library.tocFile = android.OptionalPathForPath(tocFile)
 	TransformSharedObjectToToc(ctx, outputFile, tocFile, builderFlags)
 
diff --git a/cc/ndk_headers.go b/cc/ndk_headers.go
index 4065128..b8423be 100644
--- a/cc/ndk_headers.go
+++ b/cc/ndk_headers.go
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
 }
 
 // Returns the NDK base include path for use with sdk_version current. Usable with -I.
-func getCurrentIncludePath(ctx android.ModuleContext) android.OutputPath {
+func getCurrentIncludePath(ctx android.ModuleContext) android.InstallPath {
 	return getNdkSysrootBase(ctx).Join(ctx, "usr/include")
 }
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
 }
 
 func getHeaderInstallDir(ctx android.ModuleContext, header android.Path, from string,
-	to string) android.OutputPath {
+	to string) android.InstallPath {
 	// Output path is the sysroot base + "usr/include" + to directory + directory component
 	// of the file without the leading from directory stripped.
 	//
diff --git a/cc/ndk_sysroot.go b/cc/ndk_sysroot.go
index e39bae5..f6de4ef 100644
--- a/cc/ndk_sysroot.go
+++ b/cc/ndk_sysroot.go
@@ -66,12 +66,12 @@
 	pctx.Import("android/soong/android")
 }
 
-func getNdkInstallBase(ctx android.PathContext) android.OutputPath {
-	return android.PathForOutput(ctx, "ndk")
+func getNdkInstallBase(ctx android.PathContext) android.InstallPath {
+	return android.PathForNdkInstall(ctx)
 }
 
 // Returns the main install directory for the NDK sysroot. Usable with --sysroot.
-func getNdkSysrootBase(ctx android.PathContext) android.OutputPath {
+func getNdkSysrootBase(ctx android.PathContext) android.InstallPath {
 	return getNdkInstallBase(ctx).Join(ctx, "sysroot")
 }
 
diff --git a/cc/vndk_prebuilt.go b/cc/vndk_prebuilt.go
index 8126e4a..2cebb6d 100644
--- a/cc/vndk_prebuilt.go
+++ b/cc/vndk_prebuilt.go
@@ -129,6 +129,18 @@
 
 func (p *vndkPrebuiltLibraryDecorator) link(ctx ModuleContext,
 	flags Flags, deps PathDeps, objs Objects) android.Path {
+
+	arches := ctx.DeviceConfig().Arches()
+	if len(arches) == 0 || arches[0].ArchType.String() != p.arch() {
+		ctx.Module().SkipInstall()
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if ctx.DeviceConfig().BinderBitness() != p.binderBit() {
+		ctx.Module().SkipInstall()
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	if len(p.properties.Srcs) > 0 && p.shared() {
 		p.libraryDecorator.exportIncludes(ctx)
 		p.libraryDecorator.reexportSystemDirs(p.properties.Export_system_include_dirs...)
@@ -136,6 +148,8 @@
 		// current VNDK prebuilts are only shared libs.
 		return p.singleSourcePath(ctx)
 	}
+
+	ctx.Module().SkipInstall()
 	return nil
 }
 
diff --git a/dexpreopt/dexpreopt_test.go b/dexpreopt/dexpreopt_test.go
index 7f1fe42..78f2f3f 100644
--- a/dexpreopt/dexpreopt_test.go
+++ b/dexpreopt/dexpreopt_test.go
@@ -16,17 +16,30 @@
 
 import (
 	"android/soong/android"
+	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 )
 
-func testModuleConfig(ctx android.PathContext) ModuleConfig {
+func testSystemModuleConfig(ctx android.PathContext, name string) ModuleConfig {
+	return testModuleConfig(ctx, name, "system")
+}
+
+func testSystemProductModuleConfig(ctx android.PathContext, name string) ModuleConfig {
+	return testModuleConfig(ctx, name, "system/product")
+}
+
+func testProductModuleConfig(ctx android.PathContext, name string) ModuleConfig {
+	return testModuleConfig(ctx, name, "product")
+}
+
+func testModuleConfig(ctx android.PathContext, name, partition string) ModuleConfig {
 	return ModuleConfig{
-		Name:                            "test",
-		DexLocation:                     "/system/app/test/test.apk",
-		BuildPath:                       android.PathForOutput(ctx, "test/test.apk"),
-		DexPath:                         android.PathForOutput(ctx, "test/dex/test.jar"),
+		Name:                            name,
+		DexLocation:                     fmt.Sprintf("/%s/app/test/%s.apk", partition, name),
+		BuildPath:                       android.PathForOutput(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s.apk", name, name)),
+		DexPath:                         android.PathForOutput(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("%s/dex/%s.jar", name, name)),
 		UncompressedDex:                 false,
 		HasApkLibraries:                 false,
 		PreoptFlags:                     nil,
@@ -46,14 +59,14 @@
 		ForceCreateAppImage:             false,
 		PresignedPrebuilt:               false,
 		NoStripping:                     false,
-		StripInputPath:                  android.PathForOutput(ctx, "unstripped/test.apk"),
-		StripOutputPath:                 android.PathForOutput(ctx, "stripped/test.apk"),
+		StripInputPath:                  android.PathForOutput(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("unstripped/%s.apk", name)),
+		StripOutputPath:                 android.PathForOutput(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("stripped/%s.apk", name)),
 	}
 }
 
 func TestDexPreopt(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := android.PathContextForTesting(android.TestConfig("out", nil), nil)
-	global, module := GlobalConfigForTests(ctx), testModuleConfig(ctx)
+	global, module := GlobalConfigForTests(ctx), testSystemModuleConfig(ctx, "test")
 
 	rule, err := GenerateDexpreoptRule(ctx, global, module)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -73,7 +86,7 @@
 func TestDexPreoptStrip(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test that we panic if we strip in a configuration where stripping is not allowed.
 	ctx := android.PathContextForTesting(android.TestConfig("out", nil), nil)
-	global, module := GlobalConfigForTests(ctx), testModuleConfig(ctx)
+	global, module := GlobalConfigForTests(ctx), testSystemModuleConfig(ctx, "test")
 
 	global.NeverAllowStripping = true
 	module.NoStripping = false
@@ -86,29 +99,65 @@
 
 func TestDexPreoptSystemOther(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := android.PathContextForTesting(android.TestConfig("out", nil), nil)
-	global, module := GlobalConfigForTests(ctx), testModuleConfig(ctx)
+	global := GlobalConfigForTests(ctx)
+	systemModule := testSystemModuleConfig(ctx, "Stest")
+	systemProductModule := testSystemProductModuleConfig(ctx, "SPtest")
+	productModule := testProductModuleConfig(ctx, "Ptest")
 
 	global.HasSystemOther = true
-	global.PatternsOnSystemOther = []string{"app/%"}
 
-	rule, err := GenerateDexpreoptRule(ctx, global, module)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
+	type moduleTest struct {
+		module            ModuleConfig
+		expectedPartition string
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		patterns    []string
+		moduleTests []moduleTest
+	}{
+		{
+			patterns: []string{"app/%"},
+			moduleTests: []moduleTest{
+				{module: systemModule, expectedPartition: "system_other"},
+				{module: systemProductModule, expectedPartition: "system/product"},
+				{module: productModule, expectedPartition: "product"},
+			},
+		},
+		// product/app/% only applies to product apps inside the system partition
+		{
+			patterns: []string{"app/%", "product/app/%"},
+			moduleTests: []moduleTest{
+				{module: systemModule, expectedPartition: "system_other"},
+				{module: systemProductModule, expectedPartition: "system_other/product"},
+				{module: productModule, expectedPartition: "product"},
+			},
+		},
 	}
 
-	wantInstalls := android.RuleBuilderInstalls{
-		{android.PathForOutput(ctx, "test/oat/arm/package.odex"), "/system_other/app/test/oat/arm/test.odex"},
-		{android.PathForOutput(ctx, "test/oat/arm/package.vdex"), "/system_other/app/test/oat/arm/test.vdex"},
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		global.PatternsOnSystemOther = test.patterns
+		for _, mt := range test.moduleTests {
+			rule, err := GenerateDexpreoptRule(ctx, global, mt.module)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			name := mt.module.Name
+			wantInstalls := android.RuleBuilderInstalls{
+				{android.PathForOutput(ctx, name+"/oat/arm/package.odex"), fmt.Sprintf("/%s/app/test/oat/arm/%s.odex", mt.expectedPartition, name)},
+				{android.PathForOutput(ctx, name+"/oat/arm/package.vdex"), fmt.Sprintf("/%s/app/test/oat/arm/%s.vdex", mt.expectedPartition, name)},
+			}
+
+			if rule.Installs().String() != wantInstalls.String() {
+				t.Errorf("\nwant installs:\n   %v\ngot:\n   %v", wantInstalls, rule.Installs())
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
-	if rule.Installs().String() != wantInstalls.String() {
-		t.Errorf("\nwant installs:\n   %v\ngot:\n   %v", wantInstalls, rule.Installs())
-	}
 }
 
 func TestDexPreoptProfile(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := android.PathContextForTesting(android.TestConfig("out", nil), nil)
-	global, module := GlobalConfigForTests(ctx), testModuleConfig(ctx)
+	global, module := GlobalConfigForTests(ctx), testSystemModuleConfig(ctx, "test")
 
 	module.ProfileClassListing = android.OptionalPathForPath(android.PathForTesting("profile"))
 
@@ -156,7 +205,7 @@
 		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 
 			ctx := android.PathContextForTesting(android.TestConfig("out", nil), nil)
-			global, module := GlobalConfigForTests(ctx), testModuleConfig(ctx)
+			global, module := GlobalConfigForTests(ctx), testSystemModuleConfig(ctx, "test")
 
 			test.setup(&global, &module)
 
diff --git a/java/app.go b/java/app.go
index 3ee8b8d..e033661 100644
--- a/java/app.go
+++ b/java/app.go
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
 	// the install APK name is normally the same as the module name, but can be overridden with PRODUCT_PACKAGE_NAME_OVERRIDES.
 	installApkName string
 
-	installDir android.OutputPath
+	installDir android.InstallPath
 
 	onDeviceDir string
 
@@ -773,7 +773,7 @@
 
 	usesLibrary usesLibrary
 
-	installPath android.OutputPath
+	installPath android.InstallPath
 }
 
 type AndroidAppImportProperties struct {
diff --git a/java/dexpreopt.go b/java/dexpreopt.go
index 6214dac..db6b455 100644
--- a/java/dexpreopt.go
+++ b/java/dexpreopt.go
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 type dexpreopter struct {
 	dexpreoptProperties DexpreoptProperties
 
-	installPath         android.OutputPath
+	installPath         android.InstallPath
 	uncompressedDex     bool
 	isSDKLibrary        bool
 	isTest              bool
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
 	return false
 }
 
-func odexOnSystemOther(ctx android.ModuleContext, installPath android.OutputPath) bool {
+func odexOnSystemOther(ctx android.ModuleContext, installPath android.InstallPath) bool {
 	return dexpreopt.OdexOnSystemOtherByName(ctx.ModuleName(), android.InstallPathToOnDevicePath(ctx, installPath), dexpreoptGlobalConfig(ctx))
 }
 
diff --git a/java/java.go b/java/java.go
index f7b0f53..4264ba9 100644
--- a/java/java.go
+++ b/java/java.go
@@ -1795,7 +1795,7 @@
 	isWrapperVariant bool
 
 	wrapperFile android.Path
-	binaryFile  android.OutputPath
+	binaryFile  android.InstallPath
 }
 
 func (j *Binary) HostToolPath() android.OptionalPath {
diff --git a/java/platform_compat_config.go b/java/platform_compat_config.go
index 3d46077..23ba2b0 100644
--- a/java/platform_compat_config.go
+++ b/java/platform_compat_config.go
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 	android.ModuleBase
 
 	properties     platformCompatConfigProperties
-	installDirPath android.OutputPath
+	installDirPath android.InstallPath
 	configFile     android.OutputPath
 }
 
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
 		Include:    "$(BUILD_PREBUILT)",
 		ExtraEntries: []android.AndroidMkExtraEntriesFunc{
 			func(entries *android.AndroidMkEntries) {
-				entries.SetString("LOCAL_MODULE_PATH", "$(OUT_DIR)/"+p.installDirPath.RelPathString())
+				entries.SetString("LOCAL_MODULE_PATH", p.installDirPath.ToMakePath().String())
 				entries.SetString("LOCAL_INSTALLED_MODULE_STEM", p.configFile.Base())
 			},
 		},
diff --git a/python/androidmk.go b/python/androidmk.go
index 1e51e7b..aae7ced 100644
--- a/python/androidmk.go
+++ b/python/androidmk.go
@@ -89,12 +89,11 @@
 
 	ret.Required = append(ret.Required, "libc++")
 	ret.Extra = append(ret.Extra, func(w io.Writer, outputFile android.Path) {
-		path := installer.path.RelPathString()
-		dir, file := filepath.Split(path)
+		path, file := filepath.Split(installer.path.ToMakePath().String())
 		stem := strings.TrimSuffix(file, filepath.Ext(file))
 
 		fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_MODULE_SUFFIX := "+filepath.Ext(file))
-		fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(OUT_DIR)/"+filepath.Clean(dir))
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := "+path)
 		fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_MODULE_STEM := "+stem)
 		fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := "+strings.Join(installer.androidMkSharedLibs, " "))
 	})
diff --git a/python/installer.go b/python/installer.go
index 62f36f4..b0a25b9 100644
--- a/python/installer.go
+++ b/python/installer.go
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 	dir64    string
 	relative string
 
-	path android.OutputPath
+	path android.InstallPath
 
 	androidMkSharedLibs []string
 }
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
 
 var _ installer = (*pythonInstaller)(nil)
 
-func (installer *pythonInstaller) installDir(ctx android.ModuleContext) android.OutputPath {
+func (installer *pythonInstaller) installDir(ctx android.ModuleContext) android.InstallPath {
 	dir := installer.dir
 	if ctx.Arch().ArchType.Multilib == "lib64" && installer.dir64 != "" {
 		dir = installer.dir64
diff --git a/rust/androidmk.go b/rust/androidmk.go
index 107959f..a6208db 100644
--- a/rust/androidmk.go
+++ b/rust/androidmk.go
@@ -116,11 +116,10 @@
 		ret.OutputFile = android.OptionalPathForPath(compiler.path)
 	}
 	ret.Extra = append(ret.Extra, func(w io.Writer, outputFile android.Path) {
-		path := compiler.path.RelPathString()
-		dir, file := filepath.Split(path)
+		path, file := filepath.Split(compiler.path.ToMakePath().String())
 		stem, suffix, _ := android.SplitFileExt(file)
 		fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_MODULE_SUFFIX := "+suffix)
-		fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(OUT_DIR)/"+filepath.Clean(dir))
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := "+path)
 		fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_MODULE_STEM := "+stem)
 	})
 }
diff --git a/rust/compiler.go b/rust/compiler.go
index 3bfef76..76d5ad8 100644
--- a/rust/compiler.go
+++ b/rust/compiler.go
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
 	dir64    string
 	subDir   string
 	relative string
-	path     android.OutputPath
+	path     android.InstallPath
 }
 
 var _ compiler = (*baseCompiler)(nil)
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
 	return compiler.Properties.Crate_name
 }
 
-func (compiler *baseCompiler) installDir(ctx ModuleContext) android.OutputPath {
+func (compiler *baseCompiler) installDir(ctx ModuleContext) android.InstallPath {
 	dir := compiler.dir
 	if ctx.toolchain().Is64Bit() && compiler.dir64 != "" {
 		dir = compiler.dir64
diff --git a/ui/build/dumpvars.go b/ui/build/dumpvars.go
index 6b9eac1..82b2750 100644
--- a/ui/build/dumpvars.go
+++ b/ui/build/dumpvars.go
@@ -208,6 +208,7 @@
 
 		"DEFAULT_WARNING_BUILD_MODULE_TYPES",
 		"DEFAULT_ERROR_BUILD_MODULE_TYPES",
+		"BUILD_BROKEN_PREBUILT_ELF_FILES",
 		"BUILD_BROKEN_USES_BUILD_AUX_EXECUTABLE",
 		"BUILD_BROKEN_USES_BUILD_AUX_STATIC_LIBRARY",
 		"BUILD_BROKEN_USES_BUILD_COPY_HEADERS",
diff --git a/vnames.json b/vnames.json
index 7b34c52..f9d3adc 100644
--- a/vnames.json
+++ b/vnames.json
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   {
     "pattern": "out/(.*)",
     "vname": {
-      "corpus": "CORPUS",
+      "corpus": "android.googlesource.com/platform/superproject",
       "root": "out",
       "path": "@1@"
     }
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
   {
     "pattern": "(.*)",
     "vname": {
-      "corpus": "CORPUS",
+      "corpus": "android.googlesource.com/platform/superproject",
       "path": "@1@"
     }
   }
diff --git a/xml/xml_test.go b/xml/xml_test.go
index ae3e9fe..f2a440f 100644
--- a/xml/xml_test.go
+++ b/xml/xml_test.go
@@ -15,15 +15,40 @@
 package xml
 
 import (
-	"android/soong/android"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"testing"
+
+	"android/soong/android"
 )
 
+var buildDir string
+
+func setUp() {
+	var err error
+	buildDir, err = ioutil.TempDir("", "soong_xml_test")
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func tearDown() {
+	os.RemoveAll(buildDir)
+}
+
+func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
+	run := func() int {
+		setUp()
+		defer tearDown()
+
+		return m.Run()
+	}
+
+	os.Exit(run())
+}
+
 func testXml(t *testing.T, bp string) *android.TestContext {
-	config, buildDir := setup(t)
-	defer teardown(buildDir)
+	config := android.TestArchConfig(buildDir, nil)
 	ctx := android.NewTestArchContext()
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("prebuilt_etc", android.ModuleFactoryAdaptor(android.PrebuiltEtcFactory))
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("prebuilt_etc_xml", android.ModuleFactoryAdaptor(PrebuiltEtcXmlFactory))
@@ -45,21 +70,6 @@
 	return ctx
 }
 
-func setup(t *testing.T) (config android.Config, buildDir string) {
-	buildDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "soong_xml_test")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	config = android.TestArchConfig(buildDir, nil)
-
-	return
-}
-
-func teardown(buildDir string) {
-	os.RemoveAll(buildDir)
-}
-
 func assertEqual(t *testing.T, name, expected, actual string) {
 	t.Helper()
 	if expected != actual {
@@ -103,5 +113,5 @@
 	}
 
 	m := ctx.ModuleForTests("foo.xml", "android_arm64_armv8-a").Module().(*prebuiltEtcXml)
-	assertEqual(t, "installDir", "target/product/test_device/system/etc", m.InstallDirPath().RelPathString())
+	assertEqual(t, "installDir", buildDir+"/target/product/test_device/system/etc", m.InstallDirPath().String())
 }