diff --git a/android/base_module_context.go b/android/base_module_context.go
index c4922f4..c5fe585 100644
--- a/android/base_module_context.go
+++ b/android/base_module_context.go
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/google/blueprint"
-	"github.com/google/blueprint/parser"
+	"github.com/google/blueprint/proptools"
 )
 
 // BaseModuleContext is the same as blueprint.BaseModuleContext except that Config() returns
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@
 
 	// EvaluateConfiguration makes ModuleContext a valid proptools.ConfigurableEvaluator, so this context
 	// can be used to evaluate the final value of Configurable properties.
-	EvaluateConfiguration(parser.SelectType, string, string) (string, bool)
+	EvaluateConfiguration(condition proptools.ConfigurableCondition, property string) proptools.ConfigurableValue
 }
 
 type baseModuleContext struct {
@@ -577,6 +577,6 @@
 	return sb.String()
 }
 
-func (m *baseModuleContext) EvaluateConfiguration(ty parser.SelectType, property, condition string) (string, bool) {
-	return m.Module().ConfigurableEvaluator(m).EvaluateConfiguration(ty, property, condition)
+func (m *baseModuleContext) EvaluateConfiguration(condition proptools.ConfigurableCondition, property string) proptools.ConfigurableValue {
+	return m.Module().ConfigurableEvaluator(m).EvaluateConfiguration(condition, property)
 }
diff --git a/android/config.go b/android/config.go
index 11bd81b..75d135f 100644
--- a/android/config.go
+++ b/android/config.go
@@ -949,7 +949,11 @@
 }
 
 func (c *config) PlatformMinSupportedTargetSdkVersion() string {
-	return String(c.productVariables.Platform_min_supported_target_sdk_version)
+	var val, ok = c.productVariables.BuildFlags["RELEASE_PLATFORM_MIN_SUPPORTED_TARGET_SDK_VERSION"]
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return val
 }
 
 func (c *config) PlatformBaseOS() string {
diff --git a/android/module.go b/android/module.go
index 89c4ddd..47bc829 100644
--- a/android/module.go
+++ b/android/module.go
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
 	"android/soong/bazel"
 
 	"github.com/google/blueprint"
-	"github.com/google/blueprint/parser"
 	"github.com/google/blueprint/proptools"
 )
 
@@ -2140,41 +2139,75 @@
 	e.ctx.OtherModulePropertyErrorf(e.m, property, fmt, args)
 }
 
-func (e configurationEvalutor) EvaluateConfiguration(ty parser.SelectType, property, condition string) (string, bool) {
+func (e configurationEvalutor) EvaluateConfiguration(condition proptools.ConfigurableCondition, property string) proptools.ConfigurableValue {
 	ctx := e.ctx
 	m := e.m
-	switch ty {
-	case parser.SelectTypeReleaseVariable:
-		if v, ok := ctx.Config().productVariables.BuildFlags[condition]; ok {
-			return v, true
+	switch condition.FunctionName {
+	case "release_variable":
+		if len(condition.Args) != 1 {
+			ctx.OtherModulePropertyErrorf(m, property, "release_variable requires 1 argument, found %d", len(condition.Args))
+			return proptools.ConfigurableValueUndefined()
 		}
-		return "", false
-	case parser.SelectTypeProductVariable:
+		if v, ok := ctx.Config().productVariables.BuildFlags[condition.Args[0]]; ok {
+			return proptools.ConfigurableValueString(v)
+		}
+		return proptools.ConfigurableValueUndefined()
+	case "product_variable":
 		// TODO(b/323382414): Might add these on a case-by-case basis
 		ctx.OtherModulePropertyErrorf(m, property, "TODO(b/323382414): Product variables are not yet supported in selects")
-		return "", false
-	case parser.SelectTypeSoongConfigVariable:
-		parts := strings.Split(condition, ":")
-		namespace := parts[0]
-		variable := parts[1]
+		return proptools.ConfigurableValueUndefined()
+	case "soong_config_variable":
+		if len(condition.Args) != 2 {
+			ctx.OtherModulePropertyErrorf(m, property, "soong_config_variable requires 2 arguments, found %d", len(condition.Args))
+			return proptools.ConfigurableValueUndefined()
+		}
+		namespace := condition.Args[0]
+		variable := condition.Args[1]
 		if n, ok := ctx.Config().productVariables.VendorVars[namespace]; ok {
 			if v, ok := n[variable]; ok {
-				return v, true
+				return proptools.ConfigurableValueString(v)
 			}
 		}
-		return "", false
-	case parser.SelectTypeVariant:
-		if condition == "arch" {
+		return proptools.ConfigurableValueUndefined()
+	case "variant":
+		if len(condition.Args) != 1 {
+			ctx.OtherModulePropertyErrorf(m, property, "variant requires 1 argument, found %d", len(condition.Args))
+			return proptools.ConfigurableValueUndefined()
+		}
+		if condition.Args[0] == "arch" {
 			if !m.base().ArchReady() {
 				ctx.OtherModulePropertyErrorf(m, property, "A select on arch was attempted before the arch mutator ran")
-				return "", false
+				return proptools.ConfigurableValueUndefined()
 			}
-			return m.base().Arch().ArchType.Name, true
+			return proptools.ConfigurableValueString(m.base().Arch().ArchType.Name)
 		}
-		ctx.OtherModulePropertyErrorf(m, property, "Unknown variant %s", condition)
-		return "", false
+		ctx.OtherModulePropertyErrorf(m, property, "Unknown variant %s", condition.Args[0])
+		return proptools.ConfigurableValueUndefined()
+	case "boolean_var_for_testing":
+		// We currently don't have any other boolean variables (we should add support for typing
+		// the soong config variables), so add this fake one for testing the boolean select
+		// functionality.
+		if len(condition.Args) != 0 {
+			ctx.OtherModulePropertyErrorf(m, property, "boolean_var_for_testing requires 0 arguments, found %d", len(condition.Args))
+			return proptools.ConfigurableValueUndefined()
+		}
+
+		if n, ok := ctx.Config().productVariables.VendorVars["boolean_var"]; ok {
+			if v, ok := n["for_testing"]; ok {
+				switch v {
+				case "true":
+					return proptools.ConfigurableValueBool(true)
+				case "false":
+					return proptools.ConfigurableValueBool(false)
+				default:
+					ctx.OtherModulePropertyErrorf(m, property, "testing:my_boolean_var can only be true or false, found %q", v)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return proptools.ConfigurableValueUndefined()
 	default:
-		panic("Should be unreachable")
+		ctx.OtherModulePropertyErrorf(m, property, "Unknown select condition %s", condition.FunctionName)
+		return proptools.ConfigurableValueUndefined()
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/android/selects_test.go b/android/selects_test.go
index e59b3e6..1eb137b 100644
--- a/android/selects_test.go
+++ b/android/selects_test.go
@@ -327,8 +327,10 @@
 			my_module_type {
 				name: "foo",
 				my_string: select(soong_config_variable("my_namespace", "my_variable"), {
+					"foo": "bar",
 					default: unset,
 				}) + select(soong_config_variable("my_namespace", "my_variable2"), {
+					"baz": "qux",
 					default: unset,
 				})
 			}
@@ -341,6 +343,7 @@
 			my_module_type {
 				name: "foo",
 				my_string: select(soong_config_variable("my_namespace", "my_variable"), {
+					"foo": "bar",
 					default: unset,
 				}) + select(soong_config_variable("my_namespace", "my_variable2"), {
 					default: "a",
@@ -414,6 +417,169 @@
 				replacing_string_list: &[]string{"b1"},
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			name: "Multi-condition string 1",
+			bp: `
+			my_module_type {
+				name: "foo",
+				my_string: select((
+					soong_config_variable("my_namespace", "my_variable"),
+					soong_config_variable("my_namespace", "my_variable2"),
+				), {
+					("a", "b"): "a+b",
+					("a", default): "a+default",
+					(default, default): "default",
+				}),
+			}
+			`,
+			vendorVars: map[string]map[string]string{
+				"my_namespace": {
+					"my_variable":  "a",
+					"my_variable2": "b",
+				},
+			},
+			provider: selectsTestProvider{
+				my_string: proptools.StringPtr("a+b"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Multi-condition string 2",
+			bp: `
+			my_module_type {
+				name: "foo",
+				my_string: select((
+					soong_config_variable("my_namespace", "my_variable"),
+					soong_config_variable("my_namespace", "my_variable2"),
+				), {
+					("a", "b"): "a+b",
+					("a", default): "a+default",
+					(default, default): "default",
+				}),
+			}
+			`,
+			vendorVars: map[string]map[string]string{
+				"my_namespace": {
+					"my_variable":  "a",
+					"my_variable2": "c",
+				},
+			},
+			provider: selectsTestProvider{
+				my_string: proptools.StringPtr("a+default"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Multi-condition string 3",
+			bp: `
+			my_module_type {
+				name: "foo",
+				my_string: select((
+					soong_config_variable("my_namespace", "my_variable"),
+					soong_config_variable("my_namespace", "my_variable2"),
+				), {
+					("a", "b"): "a+b",
+					("a", default): "a+default",
+					(default, default): "default",
+				}),
+			}
+			`,
+			vendorVars: map[string]map[string]string{
+				"my_namespace": {
+					"my_variable":  "c",
+					"my_variable2": "b",
+				},
+			},
+			provider: selectsTestProvider{
+				my_string: proptools.StringPtr("default"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Select on boolean",
+			bp: `
+			my_module_type {
+				name: "foo",
+				my_string: select(boolean_var_for_testing(), {
+					true: "t",
+					false: "f",
+				}),
+			}
+			`,
+			vendorVars: map[string]map[string]string{
+				"boolean_var": {
+					"for_testing": "true",
+				},
+			},
+			provider: selectsTestProvider{
+				my_string: proptools.StringPtr("t"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Select on boolean false",
+			bp: `
+			my_module_type {
+				name: "foo",
+				my_string: select(boolean_var_for_testing(), {
+					true: "t",
+					false: "f",
+				}),
+			}
+			`,
+			vendorVars: map[string]map[string]string{
+				"boolean_var": {
+					"for_testing": "false",
+				},
+			},
+			provider: selectsTestProvider{
+				my_string: proptools.StringPtr("f"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Select on boolean undefined",
+			bp: `
+			my_module_type {
+				name: "foo",
+				my_string: select(boolean_var_for_testing(), {
+					true: "t",
+					false: "f",
+				}),
+			}
+			`,
+			expectedError: "foo",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Select on boolean undefined with default",
+			bp: `
+			my_module_type {
+				name: "foo",
+				my_string: select(boolean_var_for_testing(), {
+					true: "t",
+					false: "f",
+					default: "default",
+				}),
+			}
+			`,
+			provider: selectsTestProvider{
+				my_string: proptools.StringPtr("default"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Mismatched condition types",
+			bp: `
+			my_module_type {
+				name: "foo",
+				my_string: select(boolean_var_for_testing(), {
+					"true": "t",
+					"false": "f",
+					default: "default",
+				}),
+			}
+			`,
+			vendorVars: map[string]map[string]string{
+				"boolean_var": {
+					"for_testing": "false",
+				},
+			},
+			expectedError: "Expected all branches of a select on condition boolean_var_for_testing\\(\\) to have type bool, found string",
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
diff --git a/android/variable.go b/android/variable.go
index 5a079db..0040d83 100644
--- a/android/variable.go
+++ b/android/variable.go
@@ -201,23 +201,22 @@
 	BuildThumbprintFile *string `json:",omitempty"`
 	DisplayBuildNumber  *bool   `json:",omitempty"`
 
-	Platform_display_version_name             *string  `json:",omitempty"`
-	Platform_version_name                     *string  `json:",omitempty"`
-	Platform_sdk_version                      *int     `json:",omitempty"`
-	Platform_sdk_codename                     *string  `json:",omitempty"`
-	Platform_sdk_version_or_codename          *string  `json:",omitempty"`
-	Platform_sdk_final                        *bool    `json:",omitempty"`
-	Platform_sdk_extension_version            *int     `json:",omitempty"`
-	Platform_base_sdk_extension_version       *int     `json:",omitempty"`
-	Platform_version_active_codenames         []string `json:",omitempty"`
-	Platform_version_all_preview_codenames    []string `json:",omitempty"`
-	Platform_systemsdk_versions               []string `json:",omitempty"`
-	Platform_security_patch                   *string  `json:",omitempty"`
-	Platform_preview_sdk_version              *string  `json:",omitempty"`
-	Platform_min_supported_target_sdk_version *string  `json:",omitempty"`
-	Platform_base_os                          *string  `json:",omitempty"`
-	Platform_version_last_stable              *string  `json:",omitempty"`
-	Platform_version_known_codenames          *string  `json:",omitempty"`
+	Platform_display_version_name          *string  `json:",omitempty"`
+	Platform_version_name                  *string  `json:",omitempty"`
+	Platform_sdk_version                   *int     `json:",omitempty"`
+	Platform_sdk_codename                  *string  `json:",omitempty"`
+	Platform_sdk_version_or_codename       *string  `json:",omitempty"`
+	Platform_sdk_final                     *bool    `json:",omitempty"`
+	Platform_sdk_extension_version         *int     `json:",omitempty"`
+	Platform_base_sdk_extension_version    *int     `json:",omitempty"`
+	Platform_version_active_codenames      []string `json:",omitempty"`
+	Platform_version_all_preview_codenames []string `json:",omitempty"`
+	Platform_systemsdk_versions            []string `json:",omitempty"`
+	Platform_security_patch                *string  `json:",omitempty"`
+	Platform_preview_sdk_version           *string  `json:",omitempty"`
+	Platform_base_os                       *string  `json:",omitempty"`
+	Platform_version_last_stable           *string  `json:",omitempty"`
+	Platform_version_known_codenames       *string  `json:",omitempty"`
 
 	DeviceName                            *string  `json:",omitempty"`
 	DeviceProduct                         *string  `json:",omitempty"`
diff --git a/cc/cc.go b/cc/cc.go
index a1cae39..e3954d7 100644
--- a/cc/cc.go
+++ b/cc/cc.go
@@ -1995,6 +1995,20 @@
 }
 
 func (c *Module) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(actx android.ModuleContext) {
+	ctx := moduleContextFromAndroidModuleContext(actx, c)
+
+	// If Test_only is set on a module in bp file, respect the setting, otherwise
+	// see if is a known test module type.
+	testOnly := c.testModule || c.testLibrary()
+	if c.sourceProperties.Test_only != nil {
+		testOnly = Bool(c.sourceProperties.Test_only)
+	}
+	// Keep before any early returns.
+	android.SetProvider(ctx, android.TestOnlyProviderKey, android.TestModuleInformation{
+		TestOnly:       testOnly,
+		TopLevelTarget: c.testModule,
+	})
+
 	// Handle the case of a test module split by `test_per_src` mutator.
 	//
 	// The `test_per_src` mutator adds an extra variation named "", depending on all the other
@@ -2013,8 +2027,6 @@
 
 	c.makeLinkType = GetMakeLinkType(actx, c)
 
-	ctx := moduleContextFromAndroidModuleContext(actx, c)
-
 	deps := c.depsToPaths(ctx)
 	if ctx.Failed() {
 		return
@@ -2141,17 +2153,6 @@
 		android.SetProvider(ctx, testing.TestModuleProviderKey, testing.TestModuleProviderData{})
 	}
 
-	// If Test_only is set on a module in bp file, respect the setting, otherwise
-	// see if is a known test module type.
-	testOnly := c.testModule || c.testLibrary()
-	if c.sourceProperties.Test_only != nil {
-		testOnly = Bool(c.sourceProperties.Test_only)
-	}
-	android.SetProvider(ctx, android.TestOnlyProviderKey, android.TestModuleInformation{
-		TestOnly:       testOnly,
-		TopLevelTarget: c.testModule,
-	})
-
 	android.SetProvider(ctx, blueprint.SrcsFileProviderKey, blueprint.SrcsFileProviderData{SrcPaths: deps.GeneratedSources.Strings()})
 
 	android.CollectDependencyAconfigFiles(ctx, &c.mergedAconfigFiles)
diff --git a/cc/cc_test_only_property_test.go b/cc/cc_test_only_property_test.go
index 972e86b..c14f34e 100644
--- a/cc/cc_test_only_property_test.go
+++ b/cc/cc_test_only_property_test.go
@@ -78,6 +78,38 @@
 	}
 }
 
+func TestTestOnlyValueWithTestPerSrcProp(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	ctx := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		prepareForCcTest,
+	).RunTestWithBp(t, `
+                // These should be test-only
+                cc_test { name: "cc-test",
+                          gtest: false,
+                          test_per_src: true,
+                          srcs: ["foo_test.cpp"],
+                          test_options: { unit_test: false, },
+                         }
+	`)
+
+	// Ensure all variation of test-per-src tests are marked test-only.
+	ctx.VisitAllModules(func(m blueprint.Module) {
+		testOnly := false
+		if provider, ok := android.OtherModuleProvider(ctx.TestContext.OtherModuleProviderAdaptor(), m, android.TestOnlyProviderKey); ok {
+			if provider.TestOnly {
+				testOnly = true
+			}
+		}
+		if module, ok := m.(*Module); ok {
+			if testModule, ok := module.installer.(*testBinary); ok {
+				if !testOnly && *testModule.Properties.Test_per_src {
+					t.Errorf("%v is not test-only but should be", m)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}
+
 func TestTestOnlyInTeamsProto(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	ctx := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
diff --git a/dexpreopt/class_loader_context.go b/dexpreopt/class_loader_context.go
index 57c7ae8..af1d33d 100644
--- a/dexpreopt/class_loader_context.go
+++ b/dexpreopt/class_loader_context.go
@@ -323,6 +323,7 @@
 		} else if clc.Host == hostPath && clc.Device == devicePath {
 			// Ok, the same library with the same paths. Don't re-add it, but don't raise an error
 			// either, as the same library may be reachable via different transitional dependencies.
+			clc.Optional = clc.Optional && optional
 			return nil
 		} else {
 			// Fail, as someone is trying to add the same library with different paths. This likely
diff --git a/java/aar.go b/java/aar.go
index a366267..f8955ce 100644
--- a/java/aar.go
+++ b/java/aar.go
@@ -356,12 +356,13 @@
 	forceNonFinalResourceIDs       bool
 	extraLinkFlags                 []string
 	aconfigTextFiles               android.Paths
+	usesLibrary                    *usesLibrary
 }
 
 func (a *aapt) buildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext, opts aaptBuildActionOptions) {
 
 	staticResourcesNodesDepSet, sharedResourcesNodesDepSet, staticRRODirsDepSet, staticManifestsDepSet, sharedExportPackages, libFlags :=
-		aaptLibs(ctx, opts.sdkContext, opts.classLoaderContexts)
+		aaptLibs(ctx, opts.sdkContext, opts.classLoaderContexts, opts.usesLibrary)
 
 	// Exclude any libraries from the supplied list.
 	opts.classLoaderContexts = opts.classLoaderContexts.ExcludeLibs(opts.excludedLibs)
@@ -703,7 +704,8 @@
 }
 
 // aaptLibs collects libraries from dependencies and sdk_version and converts them into paths
-func aaptLibs(ctx android.ModuleContext, sdkContext android.SdkContext, classLoaderContexts dexpreopt.ClassLoaderContextMap) (
+func aaptLibs(ctx android.ModuleContext, sdkContext android.SdkContext,
+	classLoaderContexts dexpreopt.ClassLoaderContextMap, usesLibrary *usesLibrary) (
 	staticResourcesNodes, sharedResourcesNodes *android.DepSet[*resourcesNode], staticRRODirs *android.DepSet[rroDir],
 	staticManifests *android.DepSet[android.Path], sharedLibs android.Paths, flags []string) {
 
@@ -753,6 +755,9 @@
 		}
 
 		addCLCFromDep(ctx, module, classLoaderContexts)
+		if usesLibrary != nil {
+			addMissingOptionalUsesLibsFromDep(ctx, module, usesLibrary)
+		}
 	})
 
 	// AAPT2 overlays are in lowest to highest priority order, the topological order will be reversed later.
@@ -805,12 +810,12 @@
 var _ AndroidLibraryDependency = (*AndroidLibrary)(nil)
 
 func (a *AndroidLibrary) DepsMutator(ctx android.BottomUpMutatorContext) {
+	a.usesLibrary.deps(ctx, false)
 	a.Module.deps(ctx)
 	sdkDep := decodeSdkDep(ctx, android.SdkContext(a))
 	if sdkDep.hasFrameworkLibs() {
 		a.aapt.deps(ctx, sdkDep)
 	}
-	a.usesLibrary.deps(ctx, false)
 
 	for _, aconfig_declaration := range a.aaptProperties.Flags_packages {
 		ctx.AddDependency(ctx.Module(), aconfigDeclarationTag, aconfig_declaration)
@@ -829,6 +834,7 @@
 			classLoaderContexts:            a.classLoaderContexts,
 			enforceDefaultTargetSdkVersion: false,
 			aconfigTextFiles:               getAconfigFilePaths(ctx),
+			usesLibrary:                    &a.usesLibrary,
 		},
 	)
 
@@ -1215,7 +1221,7 @@
 	linkDeps = append(linkDeps, a.manifest)
 
 	staticResourcesNodesDepSet, sharedResourcesNodesDepSet, staticRRODirsDepSet, staticManifestsDepSet, sharedLibs, libFlags :=
-		aaptLibs(ctx, android.SdkContext(a), nil)
+		aaptLibs(ctx, android.SdkContext(a), nil, nil)
 
 	_ = sharedResourcesNodesDepSet
 	_ = staticRRODirsDepSet
@@ -1287,6 +1293,7 @@
 			}
 		}
 		addCLCFromDep(ctx, module, a.classLoaderContexts)
+		addMissingOptionalUsesLibsFromDep(ctx, module, &a.usesLibrary)
 	})
 
 	var implementationJarFile android.OutputPath
@@ -1405,6 +1412,12 @@
 
 var _ android.PrebuiltInterface = (*AARImport)(nil)
 
+func (a *AARImport) UsesLibrary() *usesLibrary {
+	return &a.usesLibrary
+}
+
+var _ ModuleWithUsesLibrary = (*AARImport)(nil)
+
 // android_library_import imports an `.aar` file into the build graph as if it was built with android_library.
 //
 // This module is not suitable for installing on a device, but can be used as a `static_libs` dependency of
diff --git a/java/app.go b/java/app.go
index 1aa3afe..50d1a2f 100644
--- a/java/app.go
+++ b/java/app.go
@@ -249,13 +249,13 @@
 }
 
 func (a *AndroidApp) DepsMutator(ctx android.BottomUpMutatorContext) {
-	a.Module.deps(ctx)
-
 	if String(a.appProperties.Stl) == "c++_shared" && !a.SdkVersion(ctx).Specified() {
 		ctx.PropertyErrorf("stl", "sdk_version must be set in order to use c++_shared")
 	}
 
 	sdkDep := decodeSdkDep(ctx, android.SdkContext(a))
+	a.usesLibrary.deps(ctx, sdkDep.hasFrameworkLibs())
+	a.Module.deps(ctx)
 	if sdkDep.hasFrameworkLibs() {
 		a.aapt.deps(ctx, sdkDep)
 	}
@@ -285,9 +285,6 @@
 		}
 		ctx.AddFarVariationDependencies(variation, jniLibTag, a.appProperties.Jni_libs...)
 	}
-
-	a.usesLibrary.deps(ctx, sdkDep.hasFrameworkLibs())
-
 	for _, aconfig_declaration := range a.aaptProperties.Flags_packages {
 		ctx.AddDependency(ctx.Module(), aconfigDeclarationTag, aconfig_declaration)
 	}
@@ -534,6 +531,7 @@
 			forceNonFinalResourceIDs:       nonFinalIds,
 			extraLinkFlags:                 aaptLinkFlags,
 			aconfigTextFiles:               getAconfigFilePaths(ctx),
+			usesLibrary:                    &a.usesLibrary,
 		},
 	)
 
@@ -815,18 +813,10 @@
 	// The decision to enforce <uses-library> checks is made before adding implicit SDK libraries.
 	a.usesLibrary.freezeEnforceUsesLibraries()
 
-	// Add implicit SDK libraries to <uses-library> list.
-	requiredUsesLibs, optionalUsesLibs := a.classLoaderContexts.UsesLibs()
-	for _, usesLib := range requiredUsesLibs {
-		a.usesLibrary.addLib(usesLib, false)
-	}
-	for _, usesLib := range optionalUsesLibs {
-		a.usesLibrary.addLib(usesLib, true)
-	}
-
 	// Check that the <uses-library> list is coherent with the manifest.
 	if a.usesLibrary.enforceUsesLibraries() {
-		manifestCheckFile := a.usesLibrary.verifyUsesLibrariesManifest(ctx, a.mergedManifestFile)
+		manifestCheckFile := a.usesLibrary.verifyUsesLibrariesManifest(
+			ctx, a.mergedManifestFile, &a.classLoaderContexts)
 		apkDeps = append(apkDeps, manifestCheckFile)
 	}
 
@@ -1596,6 +1586,9 @@
 	// provide the android.test.base statically and use jarjar to rename them so they do not collide
 	// with the classes provided by the android.test.base library.
 	Exclude_uses_libs []string
+
+	// The module names of optional uses-library libraries that are missing from the source tree.
+	Missing_optional_uses_libs []string `blueprint:"mutated"`
 }
 
 // usesLibrary provides properties and helper functions for AndroidApp and AndroidAppImport to verify that the
@@ -1612,20 +1605,11 @@
 	shouldDisableDexpreopt bool
 }
 
-func (u *usesLibrary) addLib(lib string, optional bool) {
-	if !android.InList(lib, u.usesLibraryProperties.Uses_libs) && !android.InList(lib, u.usesLibraryProperties.Optional_uses_libs) {
-		if optional {
-			u.usesLibraryProperties.Optional_uses_libs = append(u.usesLibraryProperties.Optional_uses_libs, lib)
-		} else {
-			u.usesLibraryProperties.Uses_libs = append(u.usesLibraryProperties.Uses_libs, lib)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func (u *usesLibrary) deps(ctx android.BottomUpMutatorContext, addCompatDeps bool) {
 	if !ctx.Config().UnbundledBuild() || ctx.Config().UnbundledBuildImage() {
 		ctx.AddVariationDependencies(nil, usesLibReqTag, u.usesLibraryProperties.Uses_libs...)
-		ctx.AddVariationDependencies(nil, usesLibOptTag, u.presentOptionalUsesLibs(ctx)...)
+		presentOptionalUsesLibs := u.presentOptionalUsesLibs(ctx)
+		ctx.AddVariationDependencies(nil, usesLibOptTag, presentOptionalUsesLibs...)
 		// Only add these extra dependencies if the module is an app that depends on framework
 		// libs. This avoids creating a cyclic dependency:
 		//     e.g. framework-res -> org.apache.http.legacy -> ... -> framework-res.
@@ -1636,6 +1620,8 @@
 			ctx.AddVariationDependencies(nil, usesLibCompat28OptTag, dexpreopt.OptionalCompatUsesLibs28...)
 			ctx.AddVariationDependencies(nil, usesLibCompat30OptTag, dexpreopt.OptionalCompatUsesLibs30...)
 		}
+		_, diff, _ := android.ListSetDifference(u.usesLibraryProperties.Optional_uses_libs, presentOptionalUsesLibs)
+		u.usesLibraryProperties.Missing_optional_uses_libs = diff
 	} else {
 		ctx.AddVariationDependencies(nil, r8LibraryJarTag, u.usesLibraryProperties.Uses_libs...)
 		ctx.AddVariationDependencies(nil, r8LibraryJarTag, u.presentOptionalUsesLibs(ctx)...)
@@ -1654,15 +1640,6 @@
 	return optionalUsesLibs
 }
 
-// Helper function to replace string in a list.
-func replaceInList(list []string, oldstr, newstr string) {
-	for i, str := range list {
-		if str == oldstr {
-			list[i] = newstr
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 // Returns a map of module names of shared library dependencies to the paths to their dex jars on
 // host and on device.
 func (u *usesLibrary) classLoaderContextForUsesLibDeps(ctx android.ModuleContext) dexpreopt.ClassLoaderContextMap {
@@ -1704,11 +1681,6 @@
 			libName := dep
 			if ulib, ok := m.(ProvidesUsesLib); ok && ulib.ProvidesUsesLib() != nil {
 				libName = *ulib.ProvidesUsesLib()
-				// Replace module name with library name in `uses_libs`/`optional_uses_libs` in
-				// order to pass verify_uses_libraries check (which compares these properties
-				// against library names written in the manifest).
-				replaceInList(u.usesLibraryProperties.Uses_libs, dep, libName)
-				replaceInList(u.usesLibraryProperties.Optional_uses_libs, dep, libName)
 			}
 			clcMap.AddContext(ctx, tag.sdkVersion, libName, tag.optional,
 				lib.DexJarBuildPath(ctx).PathOrNil(), lib.DexJarInstallPath(),
@@ -1742,7 +1714,7 @@
 // an APK with the manifest embedded in it (manifest_check will know which one it is by the file
 // extension: APKs are supposed to end with '.apk').
 func (u *usesLibrary) verifyUsesLibraries(ctx android.ModuleContext, inputFile android.Path,
-	outputFile android.WritablePath) android.Path {
+	outputFile android.WritablePath, classLoaderContexts *dexpreopt.ClassLoaderContextMap) android.Path {
 
 	statusFile := dexpreopt.UsesLibrariesStatusFile(ctx)
 
@@ -1770,27 +1742,37 @@
 		cmd.Flag("--enforce-uses-libraries-relax")
 	}
 
-	for _, lib := range u.usesLibraryProperties.Uses_libs {
+	requiredUsesLibs, optionalUsesLibs := classLoaderContexts.UsesLibs()
+	for _, lib := range requiredUsesLibs {
 		cmd.FlagWithArg("--uses-library ", lib)
 	}
-
-	for _, lib := range u.usesLibraryProperties.Optional_uses_libs {
+	for _, lib := range optionalUsesLibs {
 		cmd.FlagWithArg("--optional-uses-library ", lib)
 	}
 
+	// Also add missing optional uses libs, as the manifest check expects them.
+	// Note that what we add here are the module names of those missing libs, not library names, while
+	// the manifest check actually expects library names. However, the case where a library is missing
+	// and the module name != the library name is too rare for us to handle.
+	for _, lib := range u.usesLibraryProperties.Missing_optional_uses_libs {
+		cmd.FlagWithArg("--missing-optional-uses-library ", lib)
+	}
+
 	rule.Build("verify_uses_libraries", "verify <uses-library>")
 	return outputFile
 }
 
 // verifyUsesLibrariesManifest checks the <uses-library> tags in an AndroidManifest.xml against
 // the build system and returns the path to a copy of the manifest.
-func (u *usesLibrary) verifyUsesLibrariesManifest(ctx android.ModuleContext, manifest android.Path) android.Path {
+func (u *usesLibrary) verifyUsesLibrariesManifest(ctx android.ModuleContext, manifest android.Path,
+	classLoaderContexts *dexpreopt.ClassLoaderContextMap) android.Path {
 	outputFile := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "manifest_check", "AndroidManifest.xml")
-	return u.verifyUsesLibraries(ctx, manifest, outputFile)
+	return u.verifyUsesLibraries(ctx, manifest, outputFile, classLoaderContexts)
 }
 
 // verifyUsesLibrariesAPK checks the <uses-library> tags in the manifest of an APK against the build
 // system and returns the path to a copy of the APK.
-func (u *usesLibrary) verifyUsesLibrariesAPK(ctx android.ModuleContext, apk android.Path) {
-	u.verifyUsesLibraries(ctx, apk, nil) // for APKs manifest_check does not write output file
+func (u *usesLibrary) verifyUsesLibrariesAPK(ctx android.ModuleContext, apk android.Path,
+	classLoaderContexts *dexpreopt.ClassLoaderContextMap) {
+	u.verifyUsesLibraries(ctx, apk, nil, classLoaderContexts) // for APKs manifest_check does not write output file
 }
diff --git a/java/app_import.go b/java/app_import.go
index 7387e16..bb07c42 100644
--- a/java/app_import.go
+++ b/java/app_import.go
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@
 	}
 
 	if a.usesLibrary.enforceUsesLibraries() {
-		a.usesLibrary.verifyUsesLibrariesAPK(ctx, srcApk)
+		a.usesLibrary.verifyUsesLibrariesAPK(ctx, srcApk, &a.dexpreopter.classLoaderContexts)
 	}
 
 	a.dexpreopter.dexpreopt(ctx, android.RemoveOptionalPrebuiltPrefix(ctx.ModuleName()), jnisUncompressed)
@@ -611,6 +611,12 @@
 	return return_struct
 }
 
+func (a *AndroidAppImport) UsesLibrary() *usesLibrary {
+	return &a.usesLibrary
+}
+
+var _ ModuleWithUsesLibrary = (*AndroidAppImport)(nil)
+
 // android_app_import imports a prebuilt apk with additional processing specified in the module.
 // DPI-specific apk source files can be specified using dpi_variants. Example:
 //
diff --git a/java/app_test.go b/java/app_test.go
index 0c28000..eab40e7 100644
--- a/java/app_test.go
+++ b/java/app_test.go
@@ -3244,7 +3244,10 @@
 			name: "static-y",
 			srcs: ["a.java"],
 			uses_libs: ["runtime-required-y"],
-			optional_uses_libs: ["runtime-optional-y"],
+			optional_uses_libs: [
+				"runtime-optional-y",
+				"missing-lib-a",
+			],
 			sdk_version: "current",
 		}
 
@@ -3280,7 +3283,7 @@
 			sdk_version: "current",
 			optional_uses_libs: [
 				"bar",
-				"baz",
+				"missing-lib-b",
 			],
 		}
 
@@ -3295,7 +3298,7 @@
 			],
 			optional_uses_libs: [
 				"bar",
-				"baz",
+				"missing-lib-b",
 			],
 		}
 	`
@@ -3317,10 +3320,10 @@
 	// propagated from dependencies.
 	actualManifestFixerArgs := app.Output("manifest_fixer/AndroidManifest.xml").Args["args"]
 	expectManifestFixerArgs := `--extract-native-libs=true ` +
-		`--uses-library qux ` +
-		`--uses-library quuz ` +
 		`--uses-library foo ` +
 		`--uses-library com.non.sdk.lib ` +
+		`--uses-library qux ` +
+		`--uses-library quuz ` +
 		`--uses-library runtime-library ` +
 		`--uses-library runtime-required-x ` +
 		`--uses-library runtime-required-y ` +
@@ -3339,9 +3342,10 @@
 		`--uses-library runtime-required-x ` +
 		`--uses-library runtime-required-y ` +
 		`--optional-uses-library bar ` +
-		`--optional-uses-library baz ` +
 		`--optional-uses-library runtime-optional-x ` +
-		`--optional-uses-library runtime-optional-y `
+		`--optional-uses-library runtime-optional-y ` +
+		`--missing-optional-uses-library missing-lib-b ` +
+		`--missing-optional-uses-library missing-lib-a`
 	android.AssertStringDoesContain(t, "verify cmd args", verifyCmd, verifyArgs)
 
 	// Test that all libraries are verified for an APK (library order matters).
@@ -3350,7 +3354,7 @@
 		`--uses-library com.non.sdk.lib ` +
 		`--uses-library android.test.runner ` +
 		`--optional-uses-library bar ` +
-		`--optional-uses-library baz `
+		`--missing-optional-uses-library missing-lib-b `
 	android.AssertStringDoesContain(t, "verify apk cmd args", verifyApkCmd, verifyApkArgs)
 
 	// Test that necessary args are passed for constructing CLC in Ninja phase.
diff --git a/java/base.go b/java/base.go
index ef61f1c..938ac5e 100644
--- a/java/base.go
+++ b/java/base.go
@@ -843,9 +843,11 @@
 		if dep != nil {
 			if component, ok := dep.(SdkLibraryComponentDependency); ok {
 				if lib := component.OptionalSdkLibraryImplementation(); lib != nil {
-					// Add library as optional if it's one of the optional compatibility libs.
+					// Add library as optional if it's one of the optional compatibility libs or it's
+					// explicitly listed in the optional_uses_libs property.
 					tag := usesLibReqTag
-					if android.InList(*lib, dexpreopt.OptionalCompatUsesLibs) {
+					if android.InList(*lib, dexpreopt.OptionalCompatUsesLibs) ||
+						android.InList(*lib, j.usesLibrary.usesLibraryProperties.Optional_uses_libs) {
 						tag = usesLibOptTag
 					}
 					ctx.AddVariationDependencies(nil, tag, *lib)
@@ -2387,6 +2389,7 @@
 		}
 
 		addCLCFromDep(ctx, module, j.classLoaderContexts)
+		addMissingOptionalUsesLibsFromDep(ctx, module, &j.usesLibrary)
 	})
 
 	return deps
@@ -2720,3 +2723,13 @@
 }
 
 var _ ModuleWithStem = (*Module)(nil)
+
+type ModuleWithUsesLibrary interface {
+	UsesLibrary() *usesLibrary
+}
+
+func (j *Module) UsesLibrary() *usesLibrary {
+	return &j.usesLibrary
+}
+
+var _ ModuleWithUsesLibrary = (*Module)(nil)
diff --git a/java/java.go b/java/java.go
index ca99e69..fb35a9a 100644
--- a/java/java.go
+++ b/java/java.go
@@ -966,8 +966,8 @@
 }
 
 func (j *Library) DepsMutator(ctx android.BottomUpMutatorContext) {
-	j.deps(ctx)
 	j.usesLibrary.deps(ctx, false)
+	j.deps(ctx)
 }
 
 const (
@@ -3162,13 +3162,35 @@
 	// <uses_library> and should not be added to CLC, but the transitive <uses-library> dependencies
 	// from its CLC should be added to the current CLC.
 	if sdkLib != nil {
-		clcMap.AddContext(ctx, dexpreopt.AnySdkVersion, *sdkLib, false,
+		optional := false
+		if module, ok := ctx.Module().(ModuleWithUsesLibrary); ok {
+			if android.InList(*sdkLib, module.UsesLibrary().usesLibraryProperties.Optional_uses_libs) {
+				optional = true
+			}
+		}
+		clcMap.AddContext(ctx, dexpreopt.AnySdkVersion, *sdkLib, optional,
 			dep.DexJarBuildPath(ctx).PathOrNil(), dep.DexJarInstallPath(), dep.ClassLoaderContexts())
 	} else {
 		clcMap.AddContextMap(dep.ClassLoaderContexts(), depName)
 	}
 }
 
+func addMissingOptionalUsesLibsFromDep(ctx android.ModuleContext, depModule android.Module,
+	usesLibrary *usesLibrary) {
+
+	dep, ok := depModule.(ModuleWithUsesLibrary)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+
+	for _, lib := range dep.UsesLibrary().usesLibraryProperties.Missing_optional_uses_libs {
+		if !android.InList(lib, usesLibrary.usesLibraryProperties.Missing_optional_uses_libs) {
+			usesLibrary.usesLibraryProperties.Missing_optional_uses_libs =
+				append(usesLibrary.usesLibraryProperties.Missing_optional_uses_libs, lib)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 type JavaApiContributionImport struct {
 	JavaApiContribution
 
diff --git a/scripts/manifest_check.py b/scripts/manifest_check.py
index c33b104..b101259 100755
--- a/scripts/manifest_check.py
+++ b/scripts/manifest_check.py
@@ -52,6 +52,14 @@
         'required:false'
     )
     parser.add_argument(
+        '--missing-optional-uses-library',
+        dest='missing_optional_uses_libraries',
+        action='append',
+        help='specify uses-library entries missing from the build system with '
+        'required:false',
+        default=[]
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
         '--enforce-uses-libraries',
         dest='enforce_uses_libraries',
         action='store_true',
@@ -91,7 +99,7 @@
 C_BOLD = "\033[1m"
 
 
-def enforce_uses_libraries(manifest, required, optional, relax, is_apk, path):
+def enforce_uses_libraries(manifest, required, optional, missing_optional, relax, is_apk, path):
     """Verify that the <uses-library> tags in the manifest match those provided
 
   by the build system.
@@ -119,7 +127,12 @@
     required = trim_namespace_parts(required)
     optional = trim_namespace_parts(optional)
 
-    if manifest_required == required and manifest_optional == optional:
+    existing_manifest_optional = [
+        lib for lib in manifest_optional if lib not in missing_optional]
+
+    # The order of the existing libraries matter, while the order of the missing
+    # ones doesn't.
+    if manifest_required == required and existing_manifest_optional == optional:
         return None
 
     #pylint: disable=line-too-long
@@ -129,6 +142,7 @@
         '\t- required libraries in build system: %s[%s]%s\n' % (C_RED, ', '.join(required), C_OFF),
         '\t                 vs. in the manifest: %s[%s]%s\n' % (C_RED, ', '.join(manifest_required), C_OFF),
         '\t- optional libraries in build system: %s[%s]%s\n' % (C_RED, ', '.join(optional), C_OFF),
+        '\t    and missing ones in build system: %s[%s]%s\n' % (C_RED, ', '.join(missing_optional), C_OFF),
         '\t                 vs. in the manifest: %s[%s]%s\n' % (C_RED, ', '.join(manifest_optional), C_OFF),
         '\t- tags in the manifest (%s):\n' % path,
         '\t\t%s\n' % '\t\t'.join(tags),
@@ -340,11 +354,14 @@
 
         if args.enforce_uses_libraries:
             # Load dexpreopt.config files and build a mapping from module
-            # names to library names. This is necessary because build system
-            # addresses libraries by their module name (`uses_libs`,
-            # `optional_uses_libs`, `LOCAL_USES_LIBRARIES`,
-            # `LOCAL_OPTIONAL_LIBRARY_NAMES` all contain module names), while
-            # the manifest addresses libraries by their name.
+            # names to library names. This is for Make only and it's necessary
+            # because Make passes module names from `LOCAL_USES_LIBRARIES`,
+            # `LOCAL_OPTIONAL_LIBRARY_NAMES`, while the manifest addresses
+            # libraries by their name. Soong doesn't use it and doesn't need it
+            # because it converts the module names to the library names and
+            # passes the library names. There is no need to translate missing
+            # optional libs because they are missing and therefore there is no
+            # mapping for them.
             mod_to_lib = load_dexpreopt_configs(args.dexpreopt_configs)
             required = translate_libnames(args.uses_libraries, mod_to_lib)
             optional = translate_libnames(args.optional_uses_libraries,
@@ -354,8 +371,8 @@
             # those in the manifest. Raise an exception on mismatch, unless the
             # script was passed a special parameter to suppress exceptions.
             errmsg = enforce_uses_libraries(manifest, required, optional,
-                                            args.enforce_uses_libraries_relax,
-                                            is_apk, args.input)
+                args.missing_optional_uses_libraries,
+                args.enforce_uses_libraries_relax, is_apk, args.input)
 
             # Create a status file that is empty on success, or contains an
             # error message on failure. When exceptions are suppressed,
diff --git a/scripts/manifest_check_test.py b/scripts/manifest_check_test.py
index 3be7a30..8003b3e 100755
--- a/scripts/manifest_check_test.py
+++ b/scripts/manifest_check_test.py
@@ -44,15 +44,17 @@
 class EnforceUsesLibrariesTest(unittest.TestCase):
     """Unit tests for add_extract_native_libs function."""
 
-    def run_test(self, xml, apk, uses_libraries=[], optional_uses_libraries=[]): #pylint: disable=dangerous-default-value
+    def run_test(self, xml, apk, uses_libraries=[], optional_uses_libraries=[],
+                 missing_optional_uses_libraries=[]): #pylint: disable=dangerous-default-value
         doc = minidom.parseString(xml)
         try:
             relax = False
             manifest_check.enforce_uses_libraries(
-                doc, uses_libraries, optional_uses_libraries, relax, False,
-                'path/to/X/AndroidManifest.xml')
+                doc, uses_libraries, optional_uses_libraries, missing_optional_uses_libraries,
+                relax, False, 'path/to/X/AndroidManifest.xml')
             manifest_check.enforce_uses_libraries(apk, uses_libraries,
                                                   optional_uses_libraries,
+                                                  missing_optional_uses_libraries,
                                                   relax, True,
                                                   'path/to/X/X.apk')
             return True
@@ -102,6 +104,15 @@
         matches = self.run_test(xml, apk, optional_uses_libraries=['foo'])
         self.assertFalse(matches)
 
+    def test_expected_missing_optional_uses_library(self):
+        xml = self.xml_tmpl % (
+            uses_library_xml('foo') + uses_library_xml('missing') + uses_library_xml('bar'))
+        apk = self.apk_tmpl % (
+            uses_library_apk('foo') + uses_library_apk('missing') + uses_library_apk('bar'))
+        matches = self.run_test(xml, apk, optional_uses_libraries=['foo', 'bar'],
+                                missing_optional_uses_libraries=['missing'])
+        self.assertFalse(matches)
+
     def test_missing_uses_library(self):
         xml = self.xml_tmpl % ('')
         apk = self.apk_tmpl % ('')