diff --git a/aconfig/init.go b/aconfig/init.go
index 3d62714..626e66d 100644
--- a/aconfig/init.go
+++ b/aconfig/init.go
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 			Restat: true,
 		}, "release_version", "package", "declarations", "values", "default-permission")
 
-	// For java_aconfig_library: Generate java file
+	// For java_aconfig_library: Generate java library
 	javaRule = pctx.AndroidStaticRule("java_aconfig_library",
 		blueprint.RuleParams{
 			Command: `rm -rf ${out}.tmp` +
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
 			Restat: true,
 		}, "mode")
 
-	// For java_aconfig_library: Generate java file
+	// For cc_aconfig_library: Generate C++ library
 	cppRule = pctx.AndroidStaticRule("cc_aconfig_library",
 		blueprint.RuleParams{
 			Command: `rm -rf ${gendir}` +
@@ -69,10 +69,10 @@
 				`    --out ${gendir}`,
 			CommandDeps: []string{
 				"$aconfig",
-				"$soong_zip",
 			},
 		}, "gendir", "mode")
 
+	// For rust_aconfig_library: Generate Rust library
 	rustRule = pctx.AndroidStaticRule("rust_aconfig_library",
 		blueprint.RuleParams{
 			Command: `rm -rf ${gendir}` +
@@ -83,11 +83,10 @@
 				`    --out ${gendir}`,
 			CommandDeps: []string{
 				"$aconfig",
-				"$soong_zip",
 			},
 		}, "gendir", "mode")
 
-	// For all_aconfig_declarations
+	// For all_aconfig_declarations: Combine all parsed_flags proto files
 	allDeclarationsRule = pctx.AndroidStaticRule("all_aconfig_declarations_dump",
 		blueprint.RuleParams{
 			Command: `${aconfig} dump --format protobuf --out ${out} ${cache_files}`,
diff --git a/android/plugin.go b/android/plugin.go
index 2c7f9ff..d62fc94 100644
--- a/android/plugin.go
+++ b/android/plugin.go
@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@
 
 var internalPluginsPaths = []string{
 	"vendor/google/build/soong/internal_plugins.json",
-	"vendor/google_clockwork/build/internal_plugins.json",
 }
 
 type pluginProvider interface {
diff --git a/android/variable.go b/android/variable.go
index fe3a6d7..307deaf 100644
--- a/android/variable.go
+++ b/android/variable.go
@@ -538,18 +538,17 @@
 	TargetUserimagesSparseSquashfsDisabled bool `json:",omitempty"`
 	TargetUserimagesSparseF2fsDisabled     bool `json:",omitempty"`
 
-	BoardErofsCompressor                 string `json:",omitempty"`
-	BoardErofsCompressorHints            string `json:",omitempty"`
-	BoardErofsPclusterSize               string `json:",omitempty"`
-	BoardErofsShareDupBlocks             string `json:",omitempty"`
-	BoardErofsUseLegacyCompression       string `json:",omitempty"`
-	BoardExt4ShareDupBlocks              string `json:",omitempty"`
-	BoardFlashLogicalBlockSize           string `json:",omitempty"`
-	BoardFlashEraseBlockSize             string `json:",omitempty"`
-	BoardUsesRecoveryAsBoot              bool   `json:",omitempty"`
-	BoardBuildGkiBootImageWithoutRamdisk bool   `json:",omitempty"`
-	ProductUseDynamicPartitionSize       bool   `json:",omitempty"`
-	CopyImagesForTargetFilesZip          bool   `json:",omitempty"`
+	BoardErofsCompressor           string `json:",omitempty"`
+	BoardErofsCompressorHints      string `json:",omitempty"`
+	BoardErofsPclusterSize         string `json:",omitempty"`
+	BoardErofsShareDupBlocks       string `json:",omitempty"`
+	BoardErofsUseLegacyCompression string `json:",omitempty"`
+	BoardExt4ShareDupBlocks        string `json:",omitempty"`
+	BoardFlashLogicalBlockSize     string `json:",omitempty"`
+	BoardFlashEraseBlockSize       string `json:",omitempty"`
+	BoardUsesRecoveryAsBoot        bool   `json:",omitempty"`
+	ProductUseDynamicPartitionSize bool   `json:",omitempty"`
+	CopyImagesForTargetFilesZip    bool   `json:",omitempty"`
 
 	BoardAvbEnable bool `json:",omitempty"`
 
diff --git a/androidmk/androidmk/android.go b/androidmk/androidmk/android.go
index 954f8d0..276b9ab 100644
--- a/androidmk/androidmk/android.go
+++ b/androidmk/androidmk/android.go
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@
 			"LOCAL_ARM_MODE_HACK":           "instruction_set",
 			"LOCAL_SDK_VERSION":             "sdk_version",
 			"LOCAL_MIN_SDK_VERSION":         "min_sdk_version",
+			"LOCAL_TARGET_SDK_VERSION":      "target_sdk_version",
 			"LOCAL_NDK_STL_VARIANT":         "stl",
 			"LOCAL_JAR_MANIFEST":            "manifest",
 			"LOCAL_CERTIFICATE":             "certificate",
diff --git a/androidmk/androidmk/androidmk_test.go b/androidmk/androidmk/androidmk_test.go
index afde68b..0580ae5 100644
--- a/androidmk/androidmk/androidmk_test.go
+++ b/androidmk/androidmk/androidmk_test.go
@@ -1450,6 +1450,7 @@
 LOCAL_PRODUCT_MODULE := true
 LOCAL_RESOURCE_DIR := $(LOCAL_PATH)/res
 LOCAL_SDK_VERSION := current
+LOCAL_TARGET_SDK_VERSION := target_version
 LOCAL_RRO_THEME := FooTheme
 
 include $(BUILD_RRO_PACKAGE)
@@ -1460,6 +1461,7 @@
 	product_specific: true,
 
 	sdk_version: "current",
+	target_sdk_version: "target_version",
 	theme: "FooTheme",
 
 }
diff --git a/apex/builder.go b/apex/builder.go
index 9f9e486..3f358ac 100644
--- a/apex/builder.go
+++ b/apex/builder.go
@@ -344,10 +344,12 @@
 func (a *apexBundle) buildFileContexts(ctx android.ModuleContext) android.OutputPath {
 	var fileContexts android.Path
 	var fileContextsDir string
+	isFileContextsModule := false
 	if a.properties.File_contexts == nil {
 		fileContexts = android.PathForSource(ctx, "system/sepolicy/apex", ctx.ModuleName()+"-file_contexts")
 	} else {
 		if m, t := android.SrcIsModuleWithTag(*a.properties.File_contexts); m != "" {
+			isFileContextsModule = true
 			otherModule := android.GetModuleFromPathDep(ctx, m, t)
 			fileContextsDir = ctx.OtherModuleDir(otherModule)
 		}
@@ -363,7 +365,7 @@
 			ctx.PropertyErrorf("file_contexts", "should be under system/sepolicy, but found in  %q", fileContextsDir)
 		}
 	}
-	if !android.ExistentPathForSource(ctx, fileContexts.String()).Valid() {
+	if !isFileContextsModule && !android.ExistentPathForSource(ctx, fileContexts.String()).Valid() {
 		ctx.PropertyErrorf("file_contexts", "cannot find file_contexts file: %q", fileContexts.String())
 	}
 
diff --git a/bp2build/bp2build_product_config.go b/bp2build/bp2build_product_config.go
index 7f26bef..0d1e433 100644
--- a/bp2build/bp2build_product_config.go
+++ b/bp2build/bp2build_product_config.go
@@ -793,9 +793,6 @@
 	if variables.BoardUsesRecoveryAsBoot {
 		ret["recovery_as_boot"] = "true"
 	}
-	if variables.BoardBuildGkiBootImageWithoutRamdisk {
-		ret["gki_boot_image_without_ramdisk"] = "true"
-	}
 	if variables.ProductUseDynamicPartitionSize {
 		ret["use_dynamic_partition_size"] = "true"
 	}
diff --git a/cc/Android.bp b/cc/Android.bp
index 8fa0fbe..77e96db 100644
--- a/cc/Android.bp
+++ b/cc/Android.bp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
         "soong-multitree",
         "soong-snapshot",
         "soong-sysprop-bp2build",
+        "soong-testing",
         "soong-tradefed",
     ],
     srcs: [
diff --git a/cc/builder.go b/cc/builder.go
index 3f582fa..69cf75b 100644
--- a/cc/builder.go
+++ b/cc/builder.go
@@ -681,16 +681,11 @@
 			tidyCmd := "${config.ClangBin}/clang-tidy"
 
 			rule := clangTidy
-			reducedCFlags := moduleFlags
 			if ctx.Config().UseRBE() && ctx.Config().IsEnvTrue("RBE_CLANG_TIDY") {
 				rule = clangTidyRE
-				// b/248371171, work around RBE input processor problem
-				// some cflags rejected by input processor, but usually
-				// do not affect included files or clang-tidy
-				reducedCFlags = config.TidyReduceCFlags(reducedCFlags)
 			}
 
-			sharedCFlags := shareFlags("cFlags", reducedCFlags)
+			sharedCFlags := shareFlags("cFlags", moduleFlags)
 			srcRelPath := srcFile.Rel()
 
 			// Add the .tidy rule
diff --git a/cc/cc.go b/cc/cc.go
index 814a66c..e215438 100644
--- a/cc/cc.go
+++ b/cc/cc.go
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
+	"android/soong/testing"
 	"android/soong/ui/metrics/bp2build_metrics_proto"
 
 	"github.com/google/blueprint"
@@ -862,9 +863,10 @@
 	Properties       BaseProperties
 
 	// initialize before calling Init
-	hod       android.HostOrDeviceSupported
-	multilib  android.Multilib
-	bazelable bool
+	hod        android.HostOrDeviceSupported
+	multilib   android.Multilib
+	bazelable  bool
+	testModule bool
 
 	// Allowable SdkMemberTypes of this module type.
 	sdkMemberTypes []android.SdkMemberType
@@ -2329,6 +2331,9 @@
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	if c.testModule {
+		ctx.SetProvider(testing.TestModuleProviderKey, testing.TestModuleProviderData{})
+	}
 
 	c.maybeInstall(ctx, apexInfo)
 }
diff --git a/cc/config/tidy.go b/cc/config/tidy.go
index efa4549..b40557a 100644
--- a/cc/config/tidy.go
+++ b/cc/config/tidy.go
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 import (
 	"android/soong/android"
-	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 )
 
@@ -281,11 +280,3 @@
 	}
 	return flags
 }
-
-var (
-	removedCFlags = regexp.MustCompile(" -fsanitize=[^ ]*memtag-[^ ]* ")
-)
-
-func TidyReduceCFlags(flags string) string {
-	return removedCFlags.ReplaceAllString(flags, " ")
-}
diff --git a/cc/fuzz.go b/cc/fuzz.go
index df9f21a..8fc4898 100644
--- a/cc/fuzz.go
+++ b/cc/fuzz.go
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@
 // your device, or $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/data/fuzz in your build tree.
 func LibFuzzFactory() android.Module {
 	module := NewFuzzer(android.HostAndDeviceSupported)
+	module.testModule = true
 	return module.Init()
 }
 
diff --git a/cc/lto.go b/cc/lto.go
index ad1a1b1..30d7b757 100644
--- a/cc/lto.go
+++ b/cc/lto.go
@@ -150,7 +150,6 @@
 		if !ctx.Config().IsEnvFalse("THINLTO_USE_MLGO") {
 			// Register allocation MLGO flags for ARM64.
 			if ctx.Arch().ArchType == android.Arm64 {
-				ltoCFlags = append(ltoCFlags, "-mllvm -regalloc-enable-advisor=release")
 				ltoLdFlags = append(ltoLdFlags, "-Wl,-mllvm,-regalloc-enable-advisor=release")
 			}
 			// Flags for training MLGO model.
diff --git a/cc/test.go b/cc/test.go
index 5b778dc..a4224c3 100644
--- a/cc/test.go
+++ b/cc/test.go
@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@
 // binary.
 func BenchmarkFactory() android.Module {
 	module := NewBenchmark(android.HostAndDeviceSupported)
+	module.testModule = true
 	return module.Init()
 }
 
@@ -489,6 +490,7 @@
 	module, binary := newBinary(hod, bazelable)
 	module.bazelable = bazelable
 	module.multilib = android.MultilibBoth
+	module.testModule = true
 	binary.baseInstaller = NewTestInstaller()
 
 	test := &testBinary{
diff --git a/filesystem/avb_add_hash_footer.go b/filesystem/avb_add_hash_footer.go
index dabbc46..ead579f 100644
--- a/filesystem/avb_add_hash_footer.go
+++ b/filesystem/avb_add_hash_footer.go
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 type avbAddHashFooter struct {
 	android.ModuleBase
+	android.DefaultableModuleBase
 
 	properties avbAddHashFooterProperties
 
@@ -80,6 +81,7 @@
 	module := &avbAddHashFooter{}
 	module.AddProperties(&module.properties)
 	android.InitAndroidArchModule(module, android.DeviceSupported, android.MultilibFirst)
+	android.InitDefaultableModule(module)
 	return module
 }
 
@@ -206,3 +208,19 @@
 func (a *avbAddHashFooter) Srcs() android.Paths {
 	return append(android.Paths{}, a.output)
 }
+
+type avbAddHashFooterDefaults struct {
+	android.ModuleBase
+	android.DefaultsModuleBase
+}
+
+// avb_add_hash_footer_defaults provides a set of properties that can be inherited by other
+// avb_add_hash_footer modules. A module can use the properties from an avb_add_hash_footer_defaults
+// using `defaults: ["<:default_module_name>"]`. Properties of both modules are erged (when
+// possible) by prepending the default module's values to the depending module's values.
+func avbAddHashFooterDefaultsFactory() android.Module {
+	module := &avbAddHashFooterDefaults{}
+	module.AddProperties(&avbAddHashFooterProperties{})
+	android.InitDefaultsModule(module)
+	return module
+}
diff --git a/filesystem/avb_gen_vbmeta_image.go b/filesystem/avb_gen_vbmeta_image.go
index 0f331f9..985f0ea 100644
--- a/filesystem/avb_gen_vbmeta_image.go
+++ b/filesystem/avb_gen_vbmeta_image.go
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
 type avbGenVbmetaImage struct {
 	android.ModuleBase
+	android.DefaultableModuleBase
 
 	properties avbGenVbmetaImageProperties
 
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
 	module := &avbGenVbmetaImage{}
 	module.AddProperties(&module.properties)
 	android.InitAndroidArchModule(module, android.DeviceSupported, android.MultilibFirst)
+	android.InitDefaultableModule(module)
 	return module
 }
 
@@ -106,3 +108,20 @@
 	}
 	return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported module reference tag %q", tag)
 }
+
+type avbGenVbmetaImageDefaults struct {
+	android.ModuleBase
+	android.DefaultsModuleBase
+}
+
+// avb_gen_vbmeta_image_defaults provides a set of properties that can be inherited by other
+// avb_gen_vbmeta_image modules. A module can use the properties from an
+// avb_gen_vbmeta_image_defaults using `defaults: ["<:default_module_name>"]`. Properties of both
+// modules are erged (when possible) by prepending the default module's values to the depending
+// module's values.
+func avbGenVbmetaImageDefaultsFactory() android.Module {
+	module := &avbGenVbmetaImageDefaults{}
+	module.AddProperties(&avbGenVbmetaImageProperties{})
+	android.InitDefaultsModule(module)
+	return module
+}
diff --git a/filesystem/filesystem.go b/filesystem/filesystem.go
index 3d49114..7b207d6 100644
--- a/filesystem/filesystem.go
+++ b/filesystem/filesystem.go
@@ -36,7 +36,9 @@
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("android_filesystem", filesystemFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("android_system_image", systemImageFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("avb_add_hash_footer", avbAddHashFooterFactory)
+	ctx.RegisterModuleType("avb_add_hash_footer_defaults", avbAddHashFooterDefaultsFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("avb_gen_vbmeta_image", avbGenVbmetaImageFactory)
+	ctx.RegisterModuleType("avb_gen_vbmeta_image_defaults", avbGenVbmetaImageDefaultsFactory)
 }
 
 type filesystem struct {
diff --git a/filesystem/vbmeta.go b/filesystem/vbmeta.go
index 63e0aba..43a2f37 100644
--- a/filesystem/vbmeta.go
+++ b/filesystem/vbmeta.go
@@ -63,6 +63,17 @@
 
 	// List of chained partitions that this vbmeta deletages the verification.
 	Chained_partitions []chainedPartitionProperties
+
+	// List of key-value pair of avb properties
+	Avb_properties []avbProperty
+}
+
+type avbProperty struct {
+	// Key of given avb property
+	Key *string
+
+	// Value of given avb property
+	Value *string
 }
 
 type chainedPartitionProperties struct {
@@ -135,6 +146,20 @@
 	}
 	cmd.FlagWithArg("--rollback_index_location ", strconv.Itoa(ril))
 
+	for _, avb_prop := range v.properties.Avb_properties {
+		key := proptools.String(avb_prop.Key)
+		if key == "" {
+			ctx.PropertyErrorf("avb_properties", "key must be specified")
+			continue
+		}
+		value := proptools.String(avb_prop.Value)
+		if value == "" {
+			ctx.PropertyErrorf("avb_properties", "value must be specified")
+			continue
+		}
+		cmd.FlagWithArg("--prop ", key+":"+value)
+	}
+
 	for _, p := range ctx.GetDirectDepsWithTag(vbmetaPartitionDep) {
 		f, ok := p.(Filesystem)
 		if !ok {
diff --git a/genrule/allowlists.go b/genrule/allowlists.go
index efb4161..e6af14f 100644
--- a/genrule/allowlists.go
+++ b/genrule/allowlists.go
@@ -18,72 +18,27 @@
 	DepfileAllowList = []string{
 		// go/keep-sorted start
 		"depfile_allowed_for_test",
-		"tflite_support_metadata_schema",
-		"tflite_support_spm_config",
-		"tflite_support_spm_encoder_config",
 		// go/keep-sorted end
 	}
 
 	SandboxingDenyModuleList = []string{
 		// go/keep-sorted start
 		"CtsApkVerityTestDebugFiles",
-		"MultiDexLegacyTestApp_genrule",
-		"ScriptGroupTest-rscript",
-		"TracingVMProtoStub_cc",
-		"TracingVMProtoStub_h",
-		"VehicleServerProtoStub_cc",
-		"VehicleServerProtoStub_cc@2.0-grpc-trout",
-		"VehicleServerProtoStub_cc@default-grpc",
-		"VehicleServerProtoStub_h",
-		"VehicleServerProtoStub_h@2.0-grpc-trout",
-		"VehicleServerProtoStub_h@default-grpc",
 		"aidl-golden-test-build-hook-gen",
 		"aidl_camera_build_version",
-		"android-cts-verifier",
-		"android-support-multidex-instrumentation-version",
-		"android-support-multidex-version",
-		"angle_commit_id",
-		"atest_integration_fake_src",
-		"awkgram.tab.h",
-		"c2hal_test_genc++",
-		"c2hal_test_genc++_headers",
 		"camera-its",
-		"checkIn-service-stub-lite",
 		"chre_atoms_log.h",
-		"cronet_aml_base_android_runtime_jni_headers",
-		"cronet_aml_base_android_runtime_jni_headers__testing",
-		"cronet_aml_base_android_runtime_unchecked_jni_headers",
-		"cronet_aml_base_android_runtime_unchecked_jni_headers__testing",
 		"deqp_spvtools_update_build_version",
-		"emp_ematch.yacc.c",
-		"emp_ematch.yacc.h",
-		"fdt_test_tree_empty_memory_range_dtb",
-		"fdt_test_tree_multiple_memory_ranges_dtb",
-		"fdt_test_tree_one_memory_range_dtb",
-		"gen_corrupt_rebootless_apex",
-		"gen_key_mismatch_capex",
-		"libbssl_sys_src_nostd",
-		"libc_musl_sysroot_bits",
-		"libchrome-crypto-include",
-		"libchrome-include",
 		"libcore-non-cts-tests-txt",
-		"libxml2_schema_fuzz_corpus",
-		"libxml2_xml_fuzz_corpus",
-		"pvmfw_fdt_template_rs",
-		"r8retrace-dexdump-sample-app",
-		"r8retrace-run-retrace",
 		"seller-frontend-service-stub-lite",
 		"swiftshader_spvtools_update_build_version",
-		"ue_unittest_erofs_imgs",
 		"vm-tests-tf-lib",
-		"vndk_abi_dump_zip",
 		// go/keep-sorted end
 	}
 
 	SandboxingDenyPathList = []string{
 		// go/keep-sorted start
 		"art/test",
-		"external/cronet",
 		// go/keep-sorted end
 	}
 )
diff --git a/java/Android.bp b/java/Android.bp
index 29c0957..cf96871 100644
--- a/java/Android.bp
+++ b/java/Android.bp
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@
         "sdk_library_test.go",
         "system_modules_test.go",
         "systemserver_classpath_fragment_test.go",
+        "test_spec_test.go",
     ],
     pluginFor: ["soong_build"],
 }
diff --git a/java/dex.go b/java/dex.go
index aa01783..dab0836 100644
--- a/java/dex.go
+++ b/java/dex.go
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
 var d8, d8RE = pctx.MultiCommandRemoteStaticRules("d8",
 	blueprint.RuleParams{
 		Command: `rm -rf "$outDir" && mkdir -p "$outDir" && ` +
-			`$d8Template${config.D8Cmd} ${config.D8Flags} --output $outDir $d8Flags --no-dex-input-jar $in && ` +
+			`$d8Template${config.D8Cmd} ${config.D8Flags} $d8Flags --output $outDir --no-dex-input-jar $in && ` +
 			`$zipTemplate${config.SoongZipCmd} $zipFlags -o $outDir/classes.dex.jar -C $outDir -f "$outDir/classes*.dex" && ` +
 			`${config.MergeZipsCmd} -D -stripFile "**/*.class" $mergeZipsFlags $out $outDir/classes.dex.jar $in && ` +
 			`rm -f "$outDir/classes*.dex" "$outDir/classes.dex.jar"`,
@@ -137,13 +137,12 @@
 		Command: `rm -rf "$outDir" && mkdir -p "$outDir" && ` +
 			`rm -f "$outDict" && rm -f "$outConfig" && rm -rf "${outUsageDir}" && ` +
 			`mkdir -p $$(dirname ${outUsage}) && ` +
-			`$r8Template${config.R8Cmd} ${config.R8Flags} -injars $in --output $outDir ` +
+			`$r8Template${config.R8Cmd} ${config.R8Flags} $r8Flags -injars $in --output $outDir ` +
 			`--no-data-resources ` +
 			`-printmapping ${outDict} ` +
 			`-printconfiguration ${outConfig} ` +
 			`-printusage ${outUsage} ` +
-			`--deps-file ${out}.d ` +
-			`$r8Flags && ` +
+			`--deps-file ${out}.d && ` +
 			`touch "${outDict}" "${outConfig}" "${outUsage}" && ` +
 			`${config.SoongZipCmd} -o ${outUsageZip} -C ${outUsageDir} -f ${outUsage} && ` +
 			`rm -rf ${outUsageDir} && ` +
diff --git a/java/resourceshrinker.go b/java/resourceshrinker.go
index bf1b04d..af13aa3 100644
--- a/java/resourceshrinker.go
+++ b/java/resourceshrinker.go
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@
 var shrinkResources = pctx.AndroidStaticRule("shrinkResources",
 	blueprint.RuleParams{
 		// Note that we suppress stdout to avoid successful log confirmations.
-		Command:     `${config.ResourceShrinkerCmd} --output $out --input $in --raw_resources $raw_resources >/dev/null`,
+		Command: `RESOURCESHRINKER_OPTS=-Dcom.android.tools.r8.dexContainerExperiment ` +
+			`${config.ResourceShrinkerCmd} --output $out --input $in --raw_resources $raw_resources >/dev/null`,
 		CommandDeps: []string{"${config.ResourceShrinkerCmd}"},
 	}, "raw_resources")
 
diff --git a/java/sdk_library.go b/java/sdk_library.go
index fb27812..fbfe509 100644
--- a/java/sdk_library.go
+++ b/java/sdk_library.go
@@ -1993,6 +1993,7 @@
 		Min_device_sdk            *string
 		Max_device_sdk            *string
 		Sdk_library_min_api_level *string
+		Uses_libs_dependencies    []string
 	}{
 		Name:                      proptools.StringPtr(module.xmlPermissionsModuleName()),
 		Lib_name:                  proptools.StringPtr(module.BaseModuleName()),
@@ -2002,6 +2003,7 @@
 		Min_device_sdk:            module.commonSdkLibraryProperties.Min_device_sdk,
 		Max_device_sdk:            module.commonSdkLibraryProperties.Max_device_sdk,
 		Sdk_library_min_api_level: &moduleMinApiLevelStr,
+		Uses_libs_dependencies:    module.usesLibraryProperties.Uses_libs,
 	}
 
 	mctx.CreateModule(sdkLibraryXmlFactory, &props)
@@ -2968,6 +2970,11 @@
 	//
 	// This value comes from the ApiLevel of the MinSdkVersion property.
 	Sdk_library_min_api_level *string
+
+	// Uses-libs dependencies that the shared library requires to work correctly.
+	//
+	// This will add dependency="foo:bar" to the <library> section.
+	Uses_libs_dependencies []string
 }
 
 // java_sdk_library_xml builds the permission xml file for a java_sdk_library.
@@ -3076,6 +3083,13 @@
 	return fmt.Sprintf(`        %s=\"%s\"\n`, attrName, *value)
 }
 
+func formattedDependenciesAttribute(dependencies []string) string {
+	if dependencies == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf(`        dependency=\"%s\"\n`, strings.Join(dependencies, ":"))
+}
+
 func (module *sdkLibraryXml) permissionsContents(ctx android.ModuleContext) string {
 	libName := proptools.String(module.properties.Lib_name)
 	libNameAttr := formattedOptionalAttribute("name", &libName)
@@ -3085,6 +3099,7 @@
 	implicitUntilAttr := formattedOptionalSdkLevelAttribute(ctx, "on-bootclasspath-before", module.properties.On_bootclasspath_before)
 	minSdkAttr := formattedOptionalSdkLevelAttribute(ctx, "min-device-sdk", module.properties.Min_device_sdk)
 	maxSdkAttr := formattedOptionalSdkLevelAttribute(ctx, "max-device-sdk", module.properties.Max_device_sdk)
+	dependenciesAttr := formattedDependenciesAttribute(module.properties.Uses_libs_dependencies)
 	// <library> is understood in all android versions whereas <apex-library> is only understood from API T (and ignored before that).
 	// similarly, min_device_sdk is only understood from T. So if a library is using that, we need to use the apex-library to make sure this library is not loaded before T
 	var libraryTag string
@@ -3118,6 +3133,7 @@
 		implicitUntilAttr,
 		minSdkAttr,
 		maxSdkAttr,
+		dependenciesAttr,
 		`    />\n`,
 		`</permissions>\n`}, "")
 }
diff --git a/java/sdk_library_test.go b/java/sdk_library_test.go
index 82f8a4d..a136818 100644
--- a/java/sdk_library_test.go
+++ b/java/sdk_library_test.go
@@ -1665,3 +1665,35 @@
 		}
 	`)
 }
+
+func TestSdkLibraryDependency(t *testing.T) {
+	result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		prepareForJavaTest,
+		PrepareForTestWithJavaSdkLibraryFiles,
+		FixtureWithPrebuiltApis(map[string][]string{
+			"30": {"bar", "foo"},
+		}),
+	).RunTestWithBp(t,
+		`
+		java_sdk_library {
+			name: "foo",
+			srcs: ["a.java", "b.java"],
+			api_packages: ["foo"],
+		}
+
+		java_sdk_library {
+			name: "bar",
+			srcs: ["c.java", "b.java"],
+			libs: [
+				"foo",
+			],
+			uses_libs: [
+				"foo",
+			],
+		}
+`)
+
+	barPermissions := result.ModuleForTests("bar.xml", "android_common").Rule("java_sdk_xml")
+
+	android.AssertStringDoesContain(t, "bar.xml java_sdk_xml command", barPermissions.RuleParams.Command, `dependency=\"foo\"`)
+}
diff --git a/java/test_spec_test.go b/java/test_spec_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39aff4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/test_spec_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+package java
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"android/soong/android"
+	soongTesting "android/soong/testing"
+	"android/soong/testing/test_spec_proto"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
+)
+
+func TestTestSpec(t *testing.T) {
+	bp := `test_spec {
+		name: "module-name",
+		teamId: "12345",
+		tests: [
+			"java-test-module-name-one",
+			"java-test-module-name-two"
+		]
+	}
+
+	java_test {
+		name: "java-test-module-name-one",
+	}
+
+	java_test {
+		name: "java-test-module-name-two",
+	}`
+	result := runTest(t, android.FixtureExpectsNoErrors, bp)
+
+	module := result.ModuleForTests(
+		"module-name", "",
+	).Module().(*soongTesting.TestSpecModule)
+
+	// Check that the provider has the right contents
+	data := result.ModuleProvider(
+		module, soongTesting.TestSpecProviderKey,
+	).(soongTesting.TestSpecProviderData)
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(
+		data.IntermediatePath.String(), "/intermediateTestSpecMetadata.pb",
+	) {
+		t.Errorf(
+			"Missing intermediates path in provider: %s",
+			data.IntermediatePath.String(),
+		)
+	}
+
+	buildParamsSlice := module.BuildParamsForTests()
+	var metadata = ""
+	for _, params := range buildParamsSlice {
+		if params.Rule.String() == "android/soong/android.writeFile" {
+			metadata = params.Args["content"]
+		}
+	}
+
+	metadataList := make([]*test_spec_proto.TestSpec_OwnershipMetadata, 0, 2)
+	teamId := "12345"
+	bpFilePath := "Android.bp"
+	targetNames := []string{
+		"java-test-module-name-one", "java-test-module-name-two",
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range targetNames {
+		targetName := test
+		metadata := test_spec_proto.TestSpec_OwnershipMetadata{
+			TrendyTeamId: &teamId,
+			TargetName:   &targetName,
+			Path:         &bpFilePath,
+		}
+		metadataList = append(metadataList, &metadata)
+	}
+	testSpecMetadata := test_spec_proto.TestSpec{OwnershipMetadataList: metadataList}
+	protoData, _ := proto.Marshal(&testSpecMetadata)
+	rawData := string(protoData)
+	formattedData := strings.ReplaceAll(rawData, "\n", "\\n")
+	expectedMetadata := "'" + formattedData + "\\n'"
+
+	if metadata != expectedMetadata {
+		t.Errorf(
+			"Retrieved metadata: %s is not equal to expectedMetadata: %s", metadata,
+			expectedMetadata,
+		)
+	}
+
+	// Tests for all_test_spec singleton.
+	singleton := result.SingletonForTests("all_test_specs")
+	rule := singleton.Rule("all_test_specs_rule")
+	prebuiltOs := result.Config.PrebuiltOS()
+	expectedCmd := "out/soong/host/" + prebuiltOs + "/bin/metadata -rule test_spec -inputFile out/soong/all_test_spec_paths.rsp -outputFile out/soong/ownership/all_test_specs.pb"
+	expectedOutputFile := "out/soong/ownership/all_test_specs.pb"
+	expectedInputFile := "out/soong/.intermediates/module-name/intermediateTestSpecMetadata.pb"
+	if !strings.Contains(
+		strings.TrimSpace(rule.Output.String()),
+		expectedOutputFile,
+	) {
+		t.Errorf(
+			"Retrieved singletonOutputFile: %s is not equal to expectedSingletonOutputFile: %s",
+			rule.Output.String(), expectedOutputFile,
+		)
+	}
+
+	if !strings.Contains(
+		strings.TrimSpace(rule.Inputs[0].String()),
+		expectedInputFile,
+	) {
+		t.Errorf(
+			"Retrieved singletonInputFile: %s is not equal to expectedSingletonInputFile: %s",
+			rule.Inputs[0].String(), expectedInputFile,
+		)
+	}
+
+	if !strings.Contains(
+		strings.TrimSpace(rule.RuleParams.Command),
+		expectedCmd,
+	) {
+		t.Errorf(
+			"Retrieved cmd: %s is not equal to expectedCmd: %s",
+			rule.RuleParams.Command, expectedCmd,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+func runTest(
+	t *testing.T, errorHandler android.FixtureErrorHandler, bp string,
+) *android.TestResult {
+	return android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		soongTesting.PrepareForTestWithTestSpecBuildComponents,
+		PrepareForIntegrationTestWithJava,
+	).
+		ExtendWithErrorHandler(errorHandler).
+		RunTestWithBp(t, bp)
+}
diff --git a/rust/Android.bp b/rust/Android.bp
index b01a94a..c5b2000 100644
--- a/rust/Android.bp
+++ b/rust/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
         "soong-cc",
         "soong-rust-config",
         "soong-snapshot",
+        "soong-testing",
     ],
     srcs: [
         "afdo.go",
diff --git a/rust/binary.go b/rust/binary.go
index 860dc94..5e7e922 100644
--- a/rust/binary.go
+++ b/rust/binary.go
@@ -137,12 +137,7 @@
 	fileName := binary.getStem(ctx) + ctx.toolchain().ExecutableSuffix()
 	outputFile := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, fileName)
 	ret := buildOutput{outputFile: outputFile}
-	var crateRootPath android.Path
-	if binary.baseCompiler.Properties.Crate_root == nil {
-		crateRootPath, _ = srcPathFromModuleSrcs(ctx, binary.baseCompiler.Properties.Srcs)
-	} else {
-		crateRootPath = android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, *binary.baseCompiler.Properties.Crate_root)
-	}
+	crateRootPath := crateRootPath(ctx, binary)
 
 	flags.RustFlags = append(flags.RustFlags, deps.depFlags...)
 	flags.LinkFlags = append(flags.LinkFlags, deps.depLinkFlags...)
diff --git a/rust/builder.go b/rust/builder.go
index 162d1aa..c855cfb 100644
--- a/rust/builder.go
+++ b/rust/builder.go
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@
 	}
 
 	if len(deps.SrcDeps) > 0 {
-		moduleGenDir := ctx.RustModule().compiler.CargoOutDir()
+		moduleGenDir := ctx.RustModule().compiler.cargoOutDir()
 		// We must calculate an absolute path for OUT_DIR since Rust's include! macro (which normally consumes this)
 		// assumes that paths are relative to the source file.
 		var outDirPrefix string
@@ -215,13 +215,13 @@
 
 	envVars = append(envVars, "ANDROID_RUST_VERSION="+config.GetRustVersion(ctx))
 
-	if ctx.RustModule().compiler.CargoEnvCompat() {
+	if ctx.RustModule().compiler.cargoEnvCompat() {
 		if bin, ok := ctx.RustModule().compiler.(*binaryDecorator); ok {
 			envVars = append(envVars, "CARGO_BIN_NAME="+bin.getStem(ctx))
 		}
 		envVars = append(envVars, "CARGO_CRATE_NAME="+ctx.RustModule().CrateName())
 		envVars = append(envVars, "CARGO_PKG_NAME="+ctx.RustModule().CrateName())
-		pkgVersion := ctx.RustModule().compiler.CargoPkgVersion()
+		pkgVersion := ctx.RustModule().compiler.cargoPkgVersion()
 		if pkgVersion != "" {
 			envVars = append(envVars, "CARGO_PKG_VERSION="+pkgVersion)
 
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@
 	orderOnly = append(orderOnly, deps.SharedLibs...)
 
 	if len(deps.SrcDeps) > 0 {
-		moduleGenDir := ctx.RustModule().compiler.CargoOutDir()
+		moduleGenDir := ctx.RustModule().compiler.cargoOutDir()
 		var outputs android.WritablePaths
 
 		for _, genSrc := range deps.SrcDeps {
diff --git a/rust/compiler.go b/rust/compiler.go
index 4c7961d..d453a5d 100644
--- a/rust/compiler.go
+++ b/rust/compiler.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 import (
 	"android/soong/cc"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
@@ -34,6 +35,48 @@
 	DylibLinkage
 )
 
+type compiler interface {
+	initialize(ctx ModuleContext)
+	compilerFlags(ctx ModuleContext, flags Flags) Flags
+	cfgFlags(ctx ModuleContext, flags Flags) Flags
+	featureFlags(ctx ModuleContext, flags Flags) Flags
+	compilerProps() []interface{}
+	compile(ctx ModuleContext, flags Flags, deps PathDeps) buildOutput
+	compilerDeps(ctx DepsContext, deps Deps) Deps
+	crateName() string
+	edition() string
+	features() []string
+	rustdoc(ctx ModuleContext, flags Flags, deps PathDeps) android.OptionalPath
+
+	// Output directory in which source-generated code from dependencies is
+	// copied. This is equivalent to Cargo's OUT_DIR variable.
+	cargoOutDir() android.OptionalPath
+
+	// cargoPkgVersion returns the value of the Cargo_pkg_version property.
+	cargoPkgVersion() string
+
+	// cargoEnvCompat returns whether Cargo environment variables should be used.
+	cargoEnvCompat() bool
+
+	inData() bool
+	install(ctx ModuleContext)
+	relativeInstallPath() string
+	everInstallable() bool
+
+	nativeCoverage() bool
+
+	Disabled() bool
+	SetDisabled()
+
+	stdLinkage(ctx *depsContext) RustLinkage
+	noStdlibs() bool
+
+	unstrippedOutputFilePath() android.Path
+	strippedOutputFilePath() android.OptionalPath
+
+	checkedCrateRootPath() (android.Path, error)
+}
+
 func (compiler *baseCompiler) edition() string {
 	return proptools.StringDefault(compiler.Properties.Edition, config.DefaultEdition)
 }
@@ -204,7 +247,16 @@
 
 	// If a crate has a source-generated dependency, a copy of the source file
 	// will be available in cargoOutDir (equivalent to Cargo OUT_DIR).
-	cargoOutDir android.ModuleOutPath
+	// This is stored internally because it may not be available during
+	// singleton-generation passes like rustdoc/rust_project.json, but should
+	// be stashed during initial generation.
+	cachedCargoOutDir android.ModuleOutPath
+	// Calculated crate root cached internally because ModuleContext is not
+	// available to singleton targets like rustdoc/rust_project.json
+	cachedCrateRootPath android.Path
+	// If cachedCrateRootPath is nil after initialization, this will contain
+	// an explanation of why
+	cachedCrateRootError error
 }
 
 func (compiler *baseCompiler) Disabled() bool {
@@ -257,9 +309,13 @@
 	return flags
 }
 
+func (compiler *baseCompiler) features() []string {
+	return compiler.Properties.Features
+}
+
 func (compiler *baseCompiler) featuresToFlags() []string {
 	flags := []string{}
-	for _, feature := range compiler.Properties.Features {
+	for _, feature := range compiler.features() {
 		flags = append(flags, "--cfg 'feature=\""+feature+"\"'")
 	}
 
@@ -355,18 +411,24 @@
 }
 
 func (compiler *baseCompiler) initialize(ctx ModuleContext) {
-	compiler.cargoOutDir = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, genSubDir)
+	compiler.cachedCargoOutDir = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, genSubDir)
+	if compiler.Properties.Crate_root == nil {
+		compiler.cachedCrateRootPath, compiler.cachedCrateRootError = srcPathFromModuleSrcs(ctx, compiler.Properties.Srcs)
+	} else {
+		compiler.cachedCrateRootPath = android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, *compiler.Properties.Crate_root)
+		compiler.cachedCrateRootError = nil
+	}
 }
 
-func (compiler *baseCompiler) CargoOutDir() android.OptionalPath {
-	return android.OptionalPathForPath(compiler.cargoOutDir)
+func (compiler *baseCompiler) cargoOutDir() android.OptionalPath {
+	return android.OptionalPathForPath(compiler.cachedCargoOutDir)
 }
 
-func (compiler *baseCompiler) CargoEnvCompat() bool {
+func (compiler *baseCompiler) cargoEnvCompat() bool {
 	return Bool(compiler.Properties.Cargo_env_compat)
 }
 
-func (compiler *baseCompiler) CargoPkgVersion() string {
+func (compiler *baseCompiler) cargoPkgVersion() string {
 	return String(compiler.Properties.Cargo_pkg_version)
 }
 
@@ -496,12 +558,20 @@
 	return String(compiler.Properties.Relative_install_path)
 }
 
-// Returns the Path for the main source file along with Paths for generated source files from modules listed in srcs.
-func srcPathFromModuleSrcs(ctx ModuleContext, srcs []string) (android.Path, android.Paths) {
-	if len(srcs) == 0 {
-		ctx.PropertyErrorf("srcs", "srcs must not be empty")
-	}
+func (compiler *baseCompiler) checkedCrateRootPath() (android.Path, error) {
+	return compiler.cachedCrateRootPath, compiler.cachedCrateRootError
+}
 
+func crateRootPath(ctx ModuleContext, compiler compiler) android.Path {
+	root, err := compiler.checkedCrateRootPath()
+	if err != nil {
+		ctx.PropertyErrorf("srcs", err.Error())
+	}
+	return root
+}
+
+// Returns the Path for the main source file along with Paths for generated source files from modules listed in srcs.
+func srcPathFromModuleSrcs(ctx ModuleContext, srcs []string) (android.Path, error) {
 	// The srcs can contain strings with prefix ":".
 	// They are dependent modules of this module, with android.SourceDepTag.
 	// They are not the main source file compiled by rustc.
@@ -514,19 +584,22 @@
 		}
 	}
 	if numSrcs > 1 {
-		ctx.PropertyErrorf("srcs", incorrectSourcesError)
+		return nil, errors.New(incorrectSourcesError)
 	}
 
 	// If a main source file is not provided we expect only a single SourceProvider module to be defined
 	// within srcs, with the expectation that the first source it provides is the entry point.
 	if srcIndex != 0 {
-		ctx.PropertyErrorf("srcs", "main source file must be the first in srcs")
+		return nil, errors.New("main source file must be the first in srcs")
 	} else if numSrcs > 1 {
-		ctx.PropertyErrorf("srcs", "only a single generated source module can be defined without a main source file.")
+		return nil, errors.New("only a single generated source module can be defined without a main source file.")
 	}
 
 	// TODO: b/297264540 - once all modules are sandboxed, we need to select the proper
 	// entry point file from Srcs rather than taking the first one
 	paths := android.PathsForModuleSrc(ctx, srcs)
-	return paths[srcIndex], paths[1:]
+	if len(paths) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("srcs must not be empty")
+	}
+	return paths[srcIndex], nil
 }
diff --git a/rust/compiler_test.go b/rust/compiler_test.go
index ec6829a..89f4d1a 100644
--- a/rust/compiler_test.go
+++ b/rust/compiler_test.go
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
 func TestEnforceSingleSourceFile(t *testing.T) {
 
 	singleSrcError := "srcs can only contain one path for a rust file and source providers prefixed by \":\""
+	prebuiltSingleSrcError := "prebuilt libraries can only have one entry in srcs"
 
 	// Test libraries
 	testRustError(t, singleSrcError, `
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@
 		}`)
 
 	// Test prebuilts
-	testRustError(t, singleSrcError, `
+	testRustError(t, prebuiltSingleSrcError, `
 		rust_prebuilt_dylib {
 			name: "foo-bar-prebuilt",
 			srcs: ["liby.so", "libz.so"],
diff --git a/rust/library.go b/rust/library.go
index 18bf0a0..c0ff741 100644
--- a/rust/library.go
+++ b/rust/library.go
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 package rust
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
@@ -489,7 +490,7 @@
 	var outputFile android.ModuleOutPath
 	var ret buildOutput
 	var fileName string
-	crateRootPath := library.crateRootPath(ctx, deps)
+	crateRootPath := crateRootPath(ctx, library)
 
 	if library.sourceProvider != nil {
 		deps.srcProviderFiles = append(deps.srcProviderFiles, library.sourceProvider.Srcs()...)
@@ -584,15 +585,16 @@
 	return ret
 }
 
-func (library *libraryDecorator) crateRootPath(ctx ModuleContext, _ PathDeps) android.Path {
+func (library *libraryDecorator) checkedCrateRootPath() (android.Path, error) {
 	if library.sourceProvider != nil {
+		srcs := library.sourceProvider.Srcs()
+		if len(srcs) == 0 {
+			return nil, errors.New("Source provider generated 0 sources")
+		}
 		// Assume the first source from the source provider is the library entry point.
-		return library.sourceProvider.Srcs()[0]
-	} else if library.baseCompiler.Properties.Crate_root == nil {
-		path, _ := srcPathFromModuleSrcs(ctx, library.baseCompiler.Properties.Srcs)
-		return path
+		return srcs[0], nil
 	} else {
-		return android.PathForModuleSrc(ctx, *library.baseCompiler.Properties.Crate_root)
+		return library.baseCompiler.checkedCrateRootPath()
 	}
 }
 
@@ -607,7 +609,7 @@
 		return android.OptionalPath{}
 	}
 
-	return android.OptionalPathForPath(Rustdoc(ctx, library.crateRootPath(ctx, deps),
+	return android.OptionalPathForPath(Rustdoc(ctx, crateRootPath(ctx, library),
 		deps, flags))
 }
 
diff --git a/rust/prebuilt.go b/rust/prebuilt.go
index fe9d0b5..e35e510 100644
--- a/rust/prebuilt.go
+++ b/rust/prebuilt.go
@@ -76,6 +76,17 @@
 var _ exportedFlagsProducer = (*prebuiltProcMacroDecorator)(nil)
 var _ rustPrebuilt = (*prebuiltProcMacroDecorator)(nil)
 
+func prebuiltPath(ctx ModuleContext, prebuilt rustPrebuilt) android.Path {
+	srcs := android.PathsForModuleSrc(ctx, prebuilt.prebuiltSrcs())
+	if len(srcs) == 0 {
+		ctx.PropertyErrorf("srcs", "srcs must not be empty")
+	}
+	if len(srcs) > 1 {
+		ctx.PropertyErrorf("srcs", "prebuilt libraries can only have one entry in srcs (the prebuilt path)")
+	}
+	return srcs[0]
+}
+
 func PrebuiltLibraryFactory() android.Module {
 	module, _ := NewPrebuiltLibrary(android.HostAndDeviceSupported)
 	return module.Init()
@@ -148,11 +159,7 @@
 func (prebuilt *prebuiltLibraryDecorator) compile(ctx ModuleContext, flags Flags, deps PathDeps) buildOutput {
 	prebuilt.flagExporter.exportLinkDirs(android.PathsForModuleSrc(ctx, prebuilt.Properties.Link_dirs).Strings()...)
 	prebuilt.flagExporter.setProvider(ctx)
-
-	srcPath, paths := srcPathFromModuleSrcs(ctx, prebuilt.prebuiltSrcs())
-	if len(paths) > 0 {
-		ctx.PropertyErrorf("srcs", "prebuilt libraries can only have one entry in srcs (the prebuilt path)")
-	}
+	srcPath := prebuiltPath(ctx, prebuilt)
 	prebuilt.baseCompiler.unstrippedOutputFile = srcPath
 	return buildOutput{outputFile: srcPath}
 }
@@ -205,11 +212,7 @@
 func (prebuilt *prebuiltProcMacroDecorator) compile(ctx ModuleContext, flags Flags, deps PathDeps) buildOutput {
 	prebuilt.flagExporter.exportLinkDirs(android.PathsForModuleSrc(ctx, prebuilt.Properties.Link_dirs).Strings()...)
 	prebuilt.flagExporter.setProvider(ctx)
-
-	srcPath, paths := srcPathFromModuleSrcs(ctx, prebuilt.prebuiltSrcs())
-	if len(paths) > 0 {
-		ctx.PropertyErrorf("srcs", "prebuilt libraries can only have one entry in srcs (the prebuilt path)")
-	}
+	srcPath := prebuiltPath(ctx, prebuilt)
 	prebuilt.baseCompiler.unstrippedOutputFile = srcPath
 	return buildOutput{outputFile: srcPath}
 }
diff --git a/rust/proc_macro.go b/rust/proc_macro.go
index b93b24f..c18d5ec 100644
--- a/rust/proc_macro.go
+++ b/rust/proc_macro.go
@@ -78,8 +78,7 @@
 func (procMacro *procMacroDecorator) compile(ctx ModuleContext, flags Flags, deps PathDeps) buildOutput {
 	fileName := procMacro.getStem(ctx) + ctx.toolchain().ProcMacroSuffix()
 	outputFile := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, fileName)
-
-	srcPath, _ := srcPathFromModuleSrcs(ctx, procMacro.baseCompiler.Properties.Srcs)
+	srcPath := crateRootPath(ctx, procMacro)
 	ret := TransformSrctoProcMacro(ctx, srcPath, deps, flags, outputFile)
 	procMacro.baseCompiler.unstrippedOutputFile = outputFile
 	return ret
diff --git a/rust/project_json.go b/rust/project_json.go
index 40aa7c7..ad9b690 100644
--- a/rust/project_json.go
+++ b/rust/project_json.go
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"path"
 
 	"android/soong/android"
 )
@@ -60,8 +59,9 @@
 
 // crateInfo is used during the processing to keep track of the known crates.
 type crateInfo struct {
-	Idx  int            // Index of the crate in rustProjectJson.Crates slice.
-	Deps map[string]int // The keys are the module names and not the crate names.
+	Idx    int            // Index of the crate in rustProjectJson.Crates slice.
+	Deps   map[string]int // The keys are the module names and not the crate names.
+	Device bool           // True if the crate at idx was a device crate
 }
 
 type projectGeneratorSingleton struct {
@@ -77,85 +77,6 @@
 	android.RegisterParallelSingletonType("rust_project_generator", rustProjectGeneratorSingleton)
 }
 
-// sourceProviderVariantSource returns the path to the source file if this
-// module variant should be used as a priority.
-//
-// SourceProvider modules may have multiple variants considered as source
-// (e.g., x86_64 and armv8). For a module available on device, use the source
-// generated for the target. For a host-only module, use the source generated
-// for the host.
-func sourceProviderVariantSource(ctx android.SingletonContext, rModule *Module) (string, bool) {
-	rustLib, ok := rModule.compiler.(*libraryDecorator)
-	if !ok {
-		return "", false
-	}
-	if rustLib.source() {
-		switch rModule.hod {
-		case android.HostSupported, android.HostSupportedNoCross:
-			if rModule.Target().String() == ctx.Config().BuildOSTarget.String() {
-				src := rustLib.sourceProvider.Srcs()[0]
-				return src.String(), true
-			}
-		default:
-			if rModule.Target().String() == ctx.Config().AndroidFirstDeviceTarget.String() {
-				src := rustLib.sourceProvider.Srcs()[0]
-				return src.String(), true
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return "", false
-}
-
-// sourceProviderSource finds the main source file of a source-provider crate.
-func sourceProviderSource(ctx android.SingletonContext, rModule *Module) (string, bool) {
-	rustLib, ok := rModule.compiler.(*libraryDecorator)
-	if !ok {
-		return "", false
-	}
-	if rustLib.source() {
-		// This is a source-variant, check if we are the right variant
-		// depending on the module configuration.
-		if src, ok := sourceProviderVariantSource(ctx, rModule); ok {
-			return src, true
-		}
-	}
-	foundSource := false
-	sourceSrc := ""
-	// Find the variant with the source and return its.
-	ctx.VisitAllModuleVariants(rModule, func(variant android.Module) {
-		if foundSource {
-			return
-		}
-		// All variants of a source provider library are libraries.
-		rVariant, _ := variant.(*Module)
-		variantLib, _ := rVariant.compiler.(*libraryDecorator)
-		if variantLib.source() {
-			sourceSrc, ok = sourceProviderVariantSource(ctx, rVariant)
-			if ok {
-				foundSource = true
-			}
-		}
-	})
-	if !foundSource {
-		ctx.Errorf("No valid source for source provider found: %v\n", rModule)
-	}
-	return sourceSrc, foundSource
-}
-
-// crateSource finds the main source file (.rs) for a crate.
-func crateSource(ctx android.SingletonContext, rModule *Module, comp *baseCompiler) (string, bool) {
-	// Basic libraries, executables and tests.
-	srcs := comp.Properties.Srcs
-	if len(srcs) != 0 {
-		return path.Join(ctx.ModuleDir(rModule), srcs[0]), true
-	}
-	// SourceProvider libraries.
-	if rModule.sourceProvider != nil {
-		return sourceProviderSource(ctx, rModule)
-	}
-	return "", false
-}
-
 // mergeDependencies visits all the dependencies for module and updates crate and deps
 // with any new dependency.
 func (singleton *projectGeneratorSingleton) mergeDependencies(ctx android.SingletonContext,
@@ -167,7 +88,7 @@
 			return
 		}
 		// Skip unsupported modules.
-		rChild, compChild, ok := isModuleSupported(ctx, child)
+		rChild, ok := isModuleSupported(ctx, child)
 		if !ok {
 			return
 		}
@@ -175,7 +96,7 @@
 		var childId int
 		cInfo, known := singleton.knownCrates[rChild.Name()]
 		if !known {
-			childId, ok = singleton.addCrate(ctx, rChild, compChild)
+			childId, ok = singleton.addCrate(ctx, rChild, make(map[string]int))
 			if !ok {
 				return
 			}
@@ -191,41 +112,25 @@
 	})
 }
 
-// isModuleSupported returns the RustModule and baseCompiler if the module
+// isModuleSupported returns the RustModule if the module
 // should be considered for inclusion in rust-project.json.
-func isModuleSupported(ctx android.SingletonContext, module android.Module) (*Module, *baseCompiler, bool) {
+func isModuleSupported(ctx android.SingletonContext, module android.Module) (*Module, bool) {
 	rModule, ok := module.(*Module)
 	if !ok {
-		return nil, nil, false
+		return nil, false
 	}
-	if rModule.compiler == nil {
-		return nil, nil, false
+	if !rModule.Enabled() {
+		return nil, false
 	}
-	var comp *baseCompiler
-	switch c := rModule.compiler.(type) {
-	case *libraryDecorator:
-		comp = c.baseCompiler
-	case *binaryDecorator:
-		comp = c.baseCompiler
-	case *testDecorator:
-		comp = c.binaryDecorator.baseCompiler
-	case *procMacroDecorator:
-		comp = c.baseCompiler
-	case *toolchainLibraryDecorator:
-		comp = c.baseCompiler
-	default:
-		return nil, nil, false
-	}
-	return rModule, comp, true
+	return rModule, true
 }
 
 // addCrate adds a crate to singleton.project.Crates ensuring that required
 // dependencies are also added. It returns the index of the new crate in
 // singleton.project.Crates
-func (singleton *projectGeneratorSingleton) addCrate(ctx android.SingletonContext, rModule *Module, comp *baseCompiler) (int, bool) {
-	rootModule, ok := crateSource(ctx, rModule, comp)
-	if !ok {
-		ctx.Errorf("Unable to find source for valid module: %v", rModule)
+func (singleton *projectGeneratorSingleton) addCrate(ctx android.SingletonContext, rModule *Module, deps map[string]int) (int, bool) {
+	rootModule, err := rModule.compiler.checkedCrateRootPath()
+	if err != nil {
 		return 0, false
 	}
 
@@ -233,28 +138,33 @@
 
 	crate := rustProjectCrate{
 		DisplayName: rModule.Name(),
-		RootModule:  rootModule,
-		Edition:     comp.edition(),
+		RootModule:  rootModule.String(),
+		Edition:     rModule.compiler.edition(),
 		Deps:        make([]rustProjectDep, 0),
 		Cfg:         make([]string, 0),
 		Env:         make(map[string]string),
 		ProcMacro:   procMacro,
 	}
 
-	if comp.CargoOutDir().Valid() {
-		crate.Env["OUT_DIR"] = comp.CargoOutDir().String()
+	if rModule.compiler.cargoOutDir().Valid() {
+		crate.Env["OUT_DIR"] = rModule.compiler.cargoOutDir().String()
 	}
 
-	for _, feature := range comp.Properties.Features {
+	for _, feature := range rModule.compiler.features() {
 		crate.Cfg = append(crate.Cfg, "feature=\""+feature+"\"")
 	}
 
-	deps := make(map[string]int)
 	singleton.mergeDependencies(ctx, rModule, &crate, deps)
 
-	idx := len(singleton.project.Crates)
-	singleton.knownCrates[rModule.Name()] = crateInfo{Idx: idx, Deps: deps}
-	singleton.project.Crates = append(singleton.project.Crates, crate)
+	var idx int
+	if cInfo, ok := singleton.knownCrates[rModule.Name()]; ok {
+		idx = cInfo.Idx
+		singleton.project.Crates[idx] = crate
+	} else {
+		idx = len(singleton.project.Crates)
+		singleton.project.Crates = append(singleton.project.Crates, crate)
+	}
+	singleton.knownCrates[rModule.Name()] = crateInfo{Idx: idx, Deps: deps, Device: rModule.Device()}
 	return idx, true
 }
 
@@ -262,18 +172,23 @@
 // It visits the dependencies of the module depth-first so the dependency ID can be added to the current module. If the
 // current module is already in singleton.knownCrates, its dependencies are merged.
 func (singleton *projectGeneratorSingleton) appendCrateAndDependencies(ctx android.SingletonContext, module android.Module) {
-	rModule, comp, ok := isModuleSupported(ctx, module)
+	rModule, ok := isModuleSupported(ctx, module)
 	if !ok {
 		return
 	}
 	// If we have seen this crate already; merge any new dependencies.
 	if cInfo, ok := singleton.knownCrates[module.Name()]; ok {
+		// If we have a new device variant, override the old one
+		if !cInfo.Device && rModule.Device() {
+			singleton.addCrate(ctx, rModule, cInfo.Deps)
+			return
+		}
 		crate := singleton.project.Crates[cInfo.Idx]
 		singleton.mergeDependencies(ctx, rModule, &crate, cInfo.Deps)
 		singleton.project.Crates[cInfo.Idx] = crate
 		return
 	}
-	singleton.addCrate(ctx, rModule, comp)
+	singleton.addCrate(ctx, rModule, make(map[string]int))
 }
 
 func (singleton *projectGeneratorSingleton) GenerateBuildActions(ctx android.SingletonContext) {
diff --git a/rust/rust.go b/rust/rust.go
index 19c5230..d4d33c7 100644
--- a/rust/rust.go
+++ b/rust/rust.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 	"android/soong/bazel"
 	"android/soong/bloaty"
+	"android/soong/testing"
 	"android/soong/ui/metrics/bp2build_metrics_proto"
 
 	"github.com/google/blueprint"
@@ -144,8 +145,9 @@
 
 	Properties BaseProperties
 
-	hod      android.HostOrDeviceSupported
-	multilib android.Multilib
+	hod        android.HostOrDeviceSupported
+	multilib   android.Multilib
+	testModule bool
 
 	makeLinkType string
 
@@ -485,44 +487,6 @@
 	CrateName string
 }
 
-type compiler interface {
-	initialize(ctx ModuleContext)
-	compilerFlags(ctx ModuleContext, flags Flags) Flags
-	cfgFlags(ctx ModuleContext, flags Flags) Flags
-	featureFlags(ctx ModuleContext, flags Flags) Flags
-	compilerProps() []interface{}
-	compile(ctx ModuleContext, flags Flags, deps PathDeps) buildOutput
-	compilerDeps(ctx DepsContext, deps Deps) Deps
-	crateName() string
-	rustdoc(ctx ModuleContext, flags Flags, deps PathDeps) android.OptionalPath
-
-	// Output directory in which source-generated code from dependencies is
-	// copied. This is equivalent to Cargo's OUT_DIR variable.
-	CargoOutDir() android.OptionalPath
-
-	// CargoPkgVersion returns the value of the Cargo_pkg_version property.
-	CargoPkgVersion() string
-
-	// CargoEnvCompat returns whether Cargo environment variables should be used.
-	CargoEnvCompat() bool
-
-	inData() bool
-	install(ctx ModuleContext)
-	relativeInstallPath() string
-	everInstallable() bool
-
-	nativeCoverage() bool
-
-	Disabled() bool
-	SetDisabled()
-
-	stdLinkage(ctx *depsContext) RustLinkage
-	noStdlibs() bool
-
-	unstrippedOutputFilePath() android.Path
-	strippedOutputFilePath() android.OptionalPath
-}
-
 type exportedFlagsProducer interface {
 	exportLinkDirs(...string)
 	exportLinkObjects(...string)
@@ -1038,6 +1002,9 @@
 
 		ctx.Phony("rust", ctx.RustModule().OutputFile().Path())
 	}
+	if mod.testModule {
+		ctx.SetProvider(testing.TestModuleProviderKey, testing.TestModuleProviderData{})
+	}
 }
 
 func (mod *Module) deps(ctx DepsContext) Deps {
diff --git a/rust/test.go b/rust/test.go
index 4b5296e..7ffc367 100644
--- a/rust/test.go
+++ b/rust/test.go
@@ -222,11 +222,13 @@
 	// rustTestHostMultilib load hook to set MultilibFirst for the
 	// host target.
 	android.AddLoadHook(module, rustTestHostMultilib)
+	module.testModule = true
 	return module.Init()
 }
 
 func RustTestHostFactory() android.Module {
 	module, _ := NewRustTest(android.HostSupported)
+	module.testModule = true
 	return module.Init()
 }
 
diff --git a/testing/Android.bp b/testing/Android.bp
index 26a7d93..18dccb3 100644
--- a/testing/Android.bp
+++ b/testing/Android.bp
@@ -12,8 +12,10 @@
 
     ],
     srcs: [
+        "all_test_specs.go",
         "test_spec.go",
         "init.go",
+        "test.go",
     ],
     pluginFor: ["soong_build"],
 }
diff --git a/testing/all_test_specs.go b/testing/all_test_specs.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d4645b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/all_test_specs.go
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package testing
+
+import (
+	"android/soong/android"
+)
+
+const ownershipDirectory = "ownership"
+const fileContainingFilePaths = "all_test_spec_paths.rsp"
+const allTestSpecsFile = "all_test_specs.pb"
+
+func AllTestSpecsFactory() android.Singleton {
+	return &allTestSpecsSingleton{}
+}
+
+type allTestSpecsSingleton struct {
+	// Path where the collected metadata is stored after successful validation.
+	outputPath android.OutputPath
+}
+
+func (this *allTestSpecsSingleton) GenerateBuildActions(ctx android.SingletonContext) {
+	var intermediateMetadataPaths android.Paths
+
+	ctx.VisitAllModules(func(module android.Module) {
+		if !ctx.ModuleHasProvider(module, TestSpecProviderKey) {
+			return
+		}
+		intermediateMetadataPaths = append(intermediateMetadataPaths, ctx.ModuleProvider(module, TestSpecProviderKey).(TestSpecProviderData).IntermediatePath)
+	})
+
+	rspFile := android.PathForOutput(ctx, fileContainingFilePaths)
+	this.outputPath = android.PathForOutput(ctx, ownershipDirectory, allTestSpecsFile)
+
+	rule := android.NewRuleBuilder(pctx, ctx)
+	cmd := rule.Command().
+		BuiltTool("metadata").
+		FlagWithArg("-rule ", "test_spec").
+		FlagWithRspFileInputList("-inputFile ", rspFile, intermediateMetadataPaths)
+	cmd.FlagWithOutput("-outputFile ", this.outputPath)
+	rule.Build("all_test_specs_rule", "Generate all test specifications")
+	ctx.Phony("all_test_specs", this.outputPath)
+}
+
+func (this *allTestSpecsSingleton) MakeVars(ctx android.MakeVarsContext) {
+	ctx.DistForGoal("test_specs", this.outputPath)
+}
diff --git a/testing/init.go b/testing/init.go
index 8820a60..206b430 100644
--- a/testing/init.go
+++ b/testing/init.go
@@ -18,10 +18,16 @@
 	"android/soong/android"
 )
 
+var (
+	pctx = android.NewPackageContext("android/soong/testing")
+)
+
 func init() {
 	RegisterBuildComponents(android.InitRegistrationContext)
+	pctx.HostBinToolVariable("metadata", "metadata")
 }
 
 func RegisterBuildComponents(ctx android.RegistrationContext) {
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("test_spec", TestSpecFactory)
+	ctx.RegisterParallelSingletonType("all_test_specs", AllTestSpecsFactory)
 }
diff --git a/testing/test.go b/testing/test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44824e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package testing
+
+import (
+	"android/soong/android"
+)
+
+var PrepareForTestWithTestSpecBuildComponents = android.FixtureRegisterWithContext(RegisterBuildComponents)
diff --git a/testing/test_spec.go b/testing/test_spec.go
index 1ad2768..c370f71 100644
--- a/testing/test_spec.go
+++ b/testing/test_spec.go
@@ -78,11 +78,11 @@
 }
 
 // Provider published by TestSpec
-type testSpecProviderData struct {
+type TestSpecProviderData struct {
 	IntermediatePath android.WritablePath
 }
 
-var testSpecProviderKey = blueprint.NewProvider(testSpecProviderData{})
+var TestSpecProviderKey = blueprint.NewProvider(TestSpecProviderData{})
 
 type TestModuleProviderData struct {
 }
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
 	android.WriteFileRule(ctx, intermediatePath, string(protoData))
 
 	ctx.SetProvider(
-		testSpecProviderKey, testSpecProviderData{
+		TestSpecProviderKey, TestSpecProviderData{
 			IntermediatePath: intermediatePath,
 		},
 	)