diff --git a/java/bootclasspath_fragment.go b/java/bootclasspath_fragment.go
index bfe895c..fee51d7 100644
--- a/java/bootclasspath_fragment.go
+++ b/java/bootclasspath_fragment.go
@@ -219,6 +219,11 @@
 
 	// Collect the module directory for IDE info in java/jdeps.go.
 	modulePaths []string
+
+	// Installs for on-device boot image files. This list has entries only if the installs should be
+	// handled by Make (e.g., the boot image should be installed on the system partition, rather than
+	// in the APEX).
+	bootImageDeviceInstalls []dexpreopterInstall
 }
 
 // commonBootclasspathFragment defines the methods that are implemented by both source and prebuilt
@@ -387,6 +392,9 @@
 	// Map from arch type to the boot image files.
 	bootImageFilesByArch bootImageFilesByArch
 
+	// True if the boot image should be installed in the APEX.
+	shouldInstallBootImageInApex bool
+
 	// Map from the base module name (without prebuilt_ prefix) of a fragment's contents module to the
 	// hidden API encoded dex jar path.
 	contentModuleDexJarPaths bootDexJarByModule
@@ -410,6 +418,11 @@
 	return i.bootImageFilesByArch
 }
 
+// Return true if the boot image should be installed in the APEX.
+func (i *BootclasspathFragmentApexContentInfo) ShouldInstallBootImageInApex() bool {
+	return i.shouldInstallBootImageInApex
+}
+
 // DexBootJarPathForContentModule returns the path to the dex boot jar for specified module.
 //
 // The dex boot jar is one which has had hidden API encoding performed on it.
@@ -550,6 +563,24 @@
 				// Copy the dex jars of this fragment's content modules to their predefined locations.
 				copyBootJarsToPredefinedLocations(ctx, hiddenAPIOutput.EncodedBootDexFilesByModule, imageConfig.dexPathsByModule)
 			}
+
+			for _, variant := range imageConfig.apexVariants() {
+				arch := variant.target.Arch.ArchType.String()
+				for _, install := range variant.deviceInstalls {
+					// Remove the "/" prefix because the path should be relative to $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT.
+					installDir := strings.TrimPrefix(filepath.Dir(install.To), "/")
+					installBase := filepath.Base(install.To)
+					installPath := android.PathForModuleInPartitionInstall(ctx, "", installDir)
+
+					b.bootImageDeviceInstalls = append(b.bootImageDeviceInstalls, dexpreopterInstall{
+						name:                arch + "-" + installBase,
+						moduleName:          b.Name(),
+						outputPathOnHost:    install.From,
+						installDirOnDevice:  installPath,
+						installFileOnDevice: installBase,
+					})
+				}
+			}
 		}
 
 		// A prebuilt fragment cannot contribute to an apex.
@@ -599,6 +630,8 @@
 			info.profilePathOnHost = imageConfig.profilePathOnHost
 			info.profileInstallPathInApex = imageConfig.profileInstallPathInApex
 		}
+
+		info.shouldInstallBootImageInApex = imageConfig.shouldInstallInApex()
 	}
 
 	info.bootImageFilesByArch = bootImageFilesByArch
@@ -813,6 +846,23 @@
 	return androidBootImageFilesByArch
 }
 
+func (b *BootclasspathFragmentModule) AndroidMkEntries() []android.AndroidMkEntries {
+	var entriesList []android.AndroidMkEntries
+	for _, install := range b.bootImageDeviceInstalls {
+		entriesList = append(entriesList, install.ToMakeEntries())
+	}
+	return entriesList
+}
+
+// Returns the names of all Make modules that handle the installation of the boot image.
+func (b *BootclasspathFragmentModule) BootImageDeviceInstallMakeModules() []string {
+	var makeModules []string
+	for _, install := range b.bootImageDeviceInstalls {
+		makeModules = append(makeModules, install.FullModuleName())
+	}
+	return makeModules
+}
+
 // Collect information for opening IDE project files in java/jdeps.go.
 func (b *BootclasspathFragmentModule) IDEInfo(dpInfo *android.IdeInfo) {
 	dpInfo.Deps = append(dpInfo.Deps, b.properties.Contents...)
diff --git a/java/dexpreopt.go b/java/dexpreopt.go
index e9bc518..7c5f055 100644
--- a/java/dexpreopt.go
+++ b/java/dexpreopt.go
@@ -57,6 +57,25 @@
 	return "-dexpreopt-" + install.name
 }
 
+// Returns Make entries for installing the file.
+//
+// This function uses a value receiver rather than a pointer receiver to ensure that the object is
+// safe to use in `android.AndroidMkExtraEntriesFunc`.
+func (install dexpreopterInstall) ToMakeEntries() android.AndroidMkEntries {
+	return android.AndroidMkEntries{
+		Class:      "ETC",
+		SubName:    install.SubModuleName(),
+		OutputFile: android.OptionalPathForPath(install.outputPathOnHost),
+		ExtraEntries: []android.AndroidMkExtraEntriesFunc{
+			func(ctx android.AndroidMkExtraEntriesContext, entries *android.AndroidMkEntries) {
+				entries.SetString("LOCAL_MODULE_PATH", install.installDirOnDevice.String())
+				entries.SetString("LOCAL_INSTALLED_MODULE_STEM", install.installFileOnDevice)
+				entries.SetString("LOCAL_NOT_AVAILABLE_FOR_PLATFORM", "false")
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
 type dexpreopter struct {
 	dexpreoptProperties DexpreoptProperties
 
@@ -383,19 +402,7 @@
 func (d *dexpreopter) AndroidMkEntriesForApex() []android.AndroidMkEntries {
 	var entries []android.AndroidMkEntries
 	for _, install := range d.builtInstalledForApex {
-		install := install
-		entries = append(entries, android.AndroidMkEntries{
-			Class:      "ETC",
-			SubName:    install.SubModuleName(),
-			OutputFile: android.OptionalPathForPath(install.outputPathOnHost),
-			ExtraEntries: []android.AndroidMkExtraEntriesFunc{
-				func(ctx android.AndroidMkExtraEntriesContext, entries *android.AndroidMkEntries) {
-					entries.SetString("LOCAL_MODULE_PATH", install.installDirOnDevice.String())
-					entries.SetString("LOCAL_INSTALLED_MODULE_STEM", install.installFileOnDevice)
-					entries.SetString("LOCAL_NOT_AVAILABLE_FOR_PLATFORM", "false")
-				},
-			},
-		})
+		entries = append(entries, install.ToMakeEntries())
 	}
 	return entries
 }
diff --git a/java/dexpreopt_bootjars.go b/java/dexpreopt_bootjars.go
index c599c4d..cad9c33 100644
--- a/java/dexpreopt_bootjars.go
+++ b/java/dexpreopt_bootjars.go
@@ -313,10 +313,13 @@
 	// This is only set for a variant of an image that extends another image.
 	primaryImagesDeps android.Paths
 
-	// Rules which should be used in make to install the outputs.
+	// Rules which should be used in make to install the outputs on host.
 	installs           android.RuleBuilderInstalls
 	vdexInstalls       android.RuleBuilderInstalls
 	unstrippedInstalls android.RuleBuilderInstalls
+
+	// Rules which should be used in make to install the outputs on device.
+	deviceInstalls android.RuleBuilderInstalls
 }
 
 // Get target-specific boot image variant for the given boot image config and target.
@@ -388,6 +391,11 @@
 	return variants
 }
 
+// Returns true if the boot image should be installed in the APEX.
+func (image *bootImageConfig) shouldInstallInApex() bool {
+	return strings.HasPrefix(image.installDirOnDevice, "apex/")
+}
+
 // Return boot image locations (as a list of symbolic paths).
 //
 // The image "location" is a symbolic path that, with multiarchitecture support, doesn't really
@@ -710,6 +718,7 @@
 
 	var vdexInstalls android.RuleBuilderInstalls
 	var unstrippedInstalls android.RuleBuilderInstalls
+	var deviceInstalls android.RuleBuilderInstalls
 
 	for _, artOrOat := range image.moduleFiles(ctx, outputDir, ".art", ".oat") {
 		cmd.ImplicitOutput(artOrOat)
@@ -735,12 +744,21 @@
 			android.RuleBuilderInstall{unstrippedOat, filepath.Join(installDir, unstrippedOat.Base())})
 	}
 
+	if image.installDirOnHost != image.installDirOnDevice && !image.shouldInstallInApex() && !ctx.Config().UnbundledBuild() {
+		installDirOnDevice := filepath.Join("/", image.installDirOnDevice, arch.String())
+		for _, file := range image.moduleFiles(ctx, outputDir, ".art", ".oat", ".vdex") {
+			deviceInstalls = append(deviceInstalls,
+				android.RuleBuilderInstall{file, filepath.Join(installDirOnDevice, file.Base())})
+		}
+	}
+
 	rule.Build(image.name+"JarsDexpreopt_"+image.target.String(), "dexpreopt "+image.name+" jars "+arch.String())
 
 	// save output and installed files for makevars
 	image.installs = rule.Installs()
 	image.vdexInstalls = vdexInstalls
 	image.unstrippedInstalls = unstrippedInstalls
+	image.deviceInstalls = deviceInstalls
 }
 
 const failureMessage = `ERROR: Dex2oat failed to compile a boot image.
diff --git a/java/dexpreopt_config.go b/java/dexpreopt_config.go
index 26c1105..df8d8c8 100644
--- a/java/dexpreopt_config.go
+++ b/java/dexpreopt_config.go
@@ -41,17 +41,14 @@
 
 var (
 	bootImageConfigKey     = android.NewOnceKey("bootImageConfig")
+	bootImageConfigRawKey  = android.NewOnceKey("bootImageConfigRaw")
 	artBootImageName       = "art"
 	frameworkBootImageName = "boot"
 )
 
-// Construct the global boot image configs.
-func genBootImageConfigs(ctx android.PathContext) map[string]*bootImageConfig {
-	return ctx.Config().Once(bootImageConfigKey, func() interface{} {
-
+func genBootImageConfigRaw(ctx android.PathContext) map[string]*bootImageConfig {
+	return ctx.Config().Once(bootImageConfigRawKey, func() interface{} {
 		global := dexpreopt.GetGlobalConfig(ctx)
-		targets := dexpreoptTargets(ctx)
-		deviceDir := android.PathForOutput(ctx, ctx.Config().DeviceName())
 
 		artModules := global.ArtApexJars
 		frameworkModules := global.BootJars.RemoveList(artModules)
@@ -79,10 +76,22 @@
 			modules:            frameworkModules,
 		}
 
-		configs := map[string]*bootImageConfig{
+		return map[string]*bootImageConfig{
 			artBootImageName:       &artCfg,
 			frameworkBootImageName: &frameworkCfg,
 		}
+	}).(map[string]*bootImageConfig)
+}
+
+// Construct the global boot image configs.
+func genBootImageConfigs(ctx android.PathContext) map[string]*bootImageConfig {
+	return ctx.Config().Once(bootImageConfigKey, func() interface{} {
+		targets := dexpreoptTargets(ctx)
+		deviceDir := android.PathForOutput(ctx, ctx.Config().DeviceName())
+
+		configs := genBootImageConfigRaw(ctx)
+		artCfg := configs[artBootImageName]
+		frameworkCfg := configs[frameworkBootImageName]
 
 		// common to all configs
 		for _, c := range configs {
diff --git a/java/testing.go b/java/testing.go
index 7441e44..6c49bc8 100644
--- a/java/testing.go
+++ b/java/testing.go
@@ -506,3 +506,19 @@
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+// Applies the given modifier on the boot image config with the given name.
+func FixtureModifyBootImageConfig(name string, configModifier func(*bootImageConfig)) android.FixturePreparer {
+	return android.FixtureModifyConfig(func(androidConfig android.Config) {
+		pathCtx := android.PathContextForTesting(androidConfig)
+		config := genBootImageConfigRaw(pathCtx)
+		configModifier(config[name])
+	})
+}
+
+// Sets the value of `installDirOnDevice` of the boot image config with the given name.
+func FixtureSetBootImageInstallDirOnDevice(name string, installDir string) android.FixturePreparer {
+	return FixtureModifyBootImageConfig(name, func(config *bootImageConfig) {
+		config.installDirOnDevice = installDir
+	})
+}