diff --git a/java/app_test.go b/java/app_test.go
index e216c63..bc971e3 100644
--- a/java/app_test.go
+++ b/java/app_test.go
@@ -1490,6 +1490,7 @@
 	testCases := []struct {
 		name                     string
 		bp                       string
+		allowMissingDependencies bool
 		certificateOverride      string
 		expectedCertSigningFlags string
 		expectedCertificate      string
@@ -1505,7 +1506,7 @@
 			`,
 			certificateOverride:      "",
 			expectedCertSigningFlags: "",
-			expectedCertificate:      "build/make/target/product/security/testkey.x509.pem build/make/target/product/security/testkey.pk8",
+			expectedCertificate:      "build/make/target/product/security/testkey",
 		},
 		{
 			name: "module certificate property",
@@ -1524,7 +1525,7 @@
 			`,
 			certificateOverride:      "",
 			expectedCertSigningFlags: "",
-			expectedCertificate:      "cert/new_cert.x509.pem cert/new_cert.pk8",
+			expectedCertificate:      "cert/new_cert",
 		},
 		{
 			name: "path certificate property",
@@ -1538,7 +1539,7 @@
 			`,
 			certificateOverride:      "",
 			expectedCertSigningFlags: "",
-			expectedCertificate:      "build/make/target/product/security/expiredkey.x509.pem build/make/target/product/security/expiredkey.pk8",
+			expectedCertificate:      "build/make/target/product/security/expiredkey",
 		},
 		{
 			name: "certificate overrides",
@@ -1557,7 +1558,7 @@
 			`,
 			certificateOverride:      "foo:new_certificate",
 			expectedCertSigningFlags: "",
-			expectedCertificate:      "cert/new_cert.x509.pem cert/new_cert.pk8",
+			expectedCertificate:      "cert/new_cert",
 		},
 		{
 			name: "certificate signing flags",
@@ -1578,7 +1579,7 @@
 			`,
 			certificateOverride:      "",
 			expectedCertSigningFlags: "--lineage lineage.bin --rotation-min-sdk-version 32",
-			expectedCertificate:      "cert/new_cert.x509.pem cert/new_cert.pk8",
+			expectedCertificate:      "cert/new_cert",
 		},
 		{
 			name: "cert signing flags from filegroup",
@@ -1604,7 +1605,20 @@
 			`,
 			certificateOverride:      "",
 			expectedCertSigningFlags: "--lineage lineage.bin --rotation-min-sdk-version 32",
-			expectedCertificate:      "cert/new_cert.x509.pem cert/new_cert.pk8",
+			expectedCertificate:      "cert/new_cert",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "missing with AllowMissingDependencies",
+			bp: `
+				android_app {
+					name: "foo",
+					srcs: ["a.java"],
+					certificate: ":new_certificate",
+					sdk_version: "current",
+				}
+			`,
+			expectedCertificate:      "out/soong/.intermediates/foo/android_common/missing",
+			allowMissingDependencies: true,
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -1616,17 +1630,32 @@
 					if test.certificateOverride != "" {
 						variables.CertificateOverrides = []string{test.certificateOverride}
 					}
+					if test.allowMissingDependencies {
+						variables.Allow_missing_dependencies = proptools.BoolPtr(true)
+					}
+				}),
+				android.FixtureModifyContext(func(ctx *android.TestContext) {
+					ctx.SetAllowMissingDependencies(test.allowMissingDependencies)
 				}),
 			).RunTestWithBp(t, test.bp)
 
 			foo := result.ModuleForTests("foo", "android_common")
 
-			signapk := foo.Output("foo.apk")
-			signCertificateFlags := signapk.Args["certificates"]
-			android.AssertStringEquals(t, "certificates flags", test.expectedCertificate, signCertificateFlags)
+			certificate := foo.Module().(*AndroidApp).certificate
+			android.AssertPathRelativeToTopEquals(t, "certificates key", test.expectedCertificate+".pk8", certificate.Key)
+			// The sign_target_files_apks and check_target_files_signatures
+			// tools require that certificates have a .x509.pem extension.
+			android.AssertPathRelativeToTopEquals(t, "certificates pem", test.expectedCertificate+".x509.pem", certificate.Pem)
 
-			certSigningFlags := signapk.Args["flags"]
-			android.AssertStringEquals(t, "cert signing flags", test.expectedCertSigningFlags, certSigningFlags)
+			signapk := foo.Output("foo.apk")
+			if signapk.Rule != android.ErrorRule {
+				signCertificateFlags := signapk.Args["certificates"]
+				expectedFlags := certificate.Pem.String() + " " + certificate.Key.String()
+				android.AssertStringEquals(t, "certificates flags", expectedFlags, signCertificateFlags)
+
+				certSigningFlags := signapk.Args["flags"]
+				android.AssertStringEquals(t, "cert signing flags", test.expectedCertSigningFlags, certSigningFlags)
+			}
 		})
 	}
 }