Add override_android_app module type.

This is a new implementation of overriding module types that makes use
of local variants. With this, product owners can use PRODUCT_PACKAGES to
decide which override module to include in their products.

Bug: 122957760
Bug: 123640028
Test: app_test.go
Change-Id: Ie65e97f615d006b6e9475193b6017ea9d97e8e97
diff --git a/android/override_module.go b/android/override_module.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02db359
--- /dev/null
+++ b/android/override_module.go
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package android
+
+// This file contains all the foundation components for override modules and their base module
+// types. Override modules are a kind of opposite of default modules in that they override certain
+// properties of an existing base module whereas default modules provide base module data to be
+// overridden. However, unlike default and defaultable module pairs, both override and overridable
+// modules generate and output build actions, and it is up to product make vars to decide which one
+// to actually build and install in the end. In other words, default modules and defaultable modules
+// can be compared to abstract classes and concrete classes in C++ and Java. By the same analogy,
+// both override and overridable modules act like concrete classes.
+//
+// There is one more crucial difference from the logic perspective. Unlike default pairs, most Soong
+// actions happen in the base (overridable) module by creating a local variant for each override
+// module based on it.
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/google/blueprint"
+	"github.com/google/blueprint/proptools"
+)
+
+// Interface for override module types, e.g. override_android_app, override_apex
+type OverrideModule interface {
+	Module
+
+	getOverridingProperties() []interface{}
+	setOverridingProperties(properties []interface{})
+
+	getOverrideModuleProperties() *OverrideModuleProperties
+}
+
+// Base module struct for override module types
+type OverrideModuleBase struct {
+	moduleProperties OverrideModuleProperties
+
+	overridingProperties []interface{}
+}
+
+type OverrideModuleProperties struct {
+	// Name of the base module to be overridden
+	Base *string
+
+	// TODO(jungjw): Add an optional override_name bool flag.
+}
+
+func (o *OverrideModuleBase) getOverridingProperties() []interface{} {
+	return o.overridingProperties
+}
+
+func (o *OverrideModuleBase) setOverridingProperties(properties []interface{}) {
+	o.overridingProperties = properties
+}
+
+func (o *OverrideModuleBase) getOverrideModuleProperties() *OverrideModuleProperties {
+	return &o.moduleProperties
+}
+
+func InitOverrideModule(m OverrideModule) {
+	m.setOverridingProperties(m.GetProperties())
+
+	m.AddProperties(m.getOverrideModuleProperties())
+}
+
+// Interface for overridable module types, e.g. android_app, apex
+type OverridableModule interface {
+	setOverridableProperties(prop []interface{})
+
+	addOverride(o OverrideModule)
+	getOverrides() []OverrideModule
+
+	override(ctx BaseModuleContext, o OverrideModule)
+
+	setOverridesProperty(overridesProperties *[]string)
+}
+
+// Base module struct for overridable module types
+type OverridableModuleBase struct {
+	ModuleBase
+
+	// List of OverrideModules that override this base module
+	overrides []OverrideModule
+	// Used to parallelize registerOverrideMutator executions. Note that only addOverride locks this
+	// mutex. It is because addOverride and getOverride are used in different mutators, and so are
+	// guaranteed to be not mixed. (And, getOverride only reads from overrides, and so don't require
+	// mutex locking.)
+	overridesLock sync.Mutex
+
+	overridableProperties []interface{}
+
+	// If an overridable module has a property to list other modules that itself overrides, it should
+	// set this to a pointer to the property through the InitOverridableModule function, so that
+	// override information is propagated and aggregated correctly.
+	overridesProperty *[]string
+}
+
+func InitOverridableModule(m OverridableModule, overridesProperty *[]string) {
+	m.setOverridableProperties(m.(Module).GetProperties())
+	m.setOverridesProperty(overridesProperty)
+}
+
+func (b *OverridableModuleBase) setOverridableProperties(prop []interface{}) {
+	b.overridableProperties = prop
+}
+
+func (b *OverridableModuleBase) addOverride(o OverrideModule) {
+	b.overridesLock.Lock()
+	b.overrides = append(b.overrides, o)
+	b.overridesLock.Unlock()
+}
+
+// Should NOT be used in the same mutator as addOverride.
+func (b *OverridableModuleBase) getOverrides() []OverrideModule {
+	return b.overrides
+}
+
+func (b *OverridableModuleBase) setOverridesProperty(overridesProperty *[]string) {
+	b.overridesProperty = overridesProperty
+}
+
+// Overrides a base module with the given OverrideModule.
+func (b *OverridableModuleBase) override(ctx BaseModuleContext, o OverrideModule) {
+	for _, p := range b.overridableProperties {
+		for _, op := range o.getOverridingProperties() {
+			if proptools.TypeEqual(p, op) {
+				err := proptools.PrependProperties(p, op, nil)
+				if err != nil {
+					if propertyErr, ok := err.(*proptools.ExtendPropertyError); ok {
+						ctx.PropertyErrorf(propertyErr.Property, "%s", propertyErr.Err.Error())
+					} else {
+						panic(err)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	// Adds the base module to the overrides property, if exists, of the overriding module. See the
+	// comment on OverridableModuleBase.overridesProperty for details.
+	if b.overridesProperty != nil {
+		*b.overridesProperty = append(*b.overridesProperty, b.Name())
+	}
+	// The base module name property has to be updated separately for Name() to work as intended.
+	b.module.base().nameProperties.Name = proptools.StringPtr(o.Name())
+}
+
+// Mutators for override/overridable modules. All the fun happens in these functions. It is critical
+// to keep them in this order and not put any order mutators between them.
+func RegisterOverridePreArchMutators(ctx RegisterMutatorsContext) {
+	ctx.BottomUp("override_deps", overrideModuleDepsMutator).Parallel()
+	ctx.TopDown("register_override", registerOverrideMutator).Parallel()
+	ctx.BottomUp("perform_override", performOverrideMutator).Parallel()
+}
+
+type overrideBaseDependencyTag struct {
+	blueprint.BaseDependencyTag
+}
+
+var overrideBaseDepTag overrideBaseDependencyTag
+
+// Adds dependency on the base module to the overriding module so that they can be visited in the
+// next phase.
+func overrideModuleDepsMutator(ctx BottomUpMutatorContext) {
+	if module, ok := ctx.Module().(OverrideModule); ok {
+		ctx.AddDependency(ctx.Module(), overrideBaseDepTag, *module.getOverrideModuleProperties().Base)
+	}
+}
+
+// Visits the base module added as a dependency above, checks the module type, and registers the
+// overriding module.
+func registerOverrideMutator(ctx TopDownMutatorContext) {
+	ctx.VisitDirectDepsWithTag(overrideBaseDepTag, func(base Module) {
+		if o, ok := base.(OverridableModule); ok {
+			o.addOverride(ctx.Module().(OverrideModule))
+		} else {
+			ctx.PropertyErrorf("base", "unsupported base module type")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// Now, goes through all overridable modules, finds all modules overriding them, creates a local
+// variant for each of them, and performs the actual overriding operation by calling override().
+func performOverrideMutator(ctx BottomUpMutatorContext) {
+	if b, ok := ctx.Module().(OverridableModule); ok {
+		overrides := b.getOverrides()
+		if len(overrides) == 0 {
+			return
+		}
+		variants := make([]string, len(overrides)+1)
+		// The first variant is for the original, non-overridden, base module.
+		variants[0] = ""
+		for i, o := range overrides {
+			variants[i+1] = o.(Module).Name()
+		}
+		mods := ctx.CreateLocalVariations(variants...)
+		for i, o := range overrides {
+			mods[i+1].(OverridableModule).override(ctx, o)
+		}
+	}
+}