diff --git a/java/config/config.go b/java/config/config.go
index 30c6f91..273084c 100644
--- a/java/config/config.go
+++ b/java/config/config.go
@@ -69,6 +69,8 @@
 	pctx.StaticVariable("JavacHeapSize", "2048M")
 	pctx.StaticVariable("JavacHeapFlags", "-J-Xmx${JavacHeapSize}")
 	pctx.StaticVariable("DexFlags", "-JXX:OnError='cat hs_err_pid%p.log' -JXX:CICompilerCount=6 -JXX:+UseDynamicNumberOfGCThreads")
+	// TODO(b/181095653): remove duplicated flags.
+	pctx.StaticVariable("DexJavaFlags", "-XX:OnError='cat hs_err_pid%p.log' -XX:CICompilerCount=6 -XX:+UseDynamicNumberOfGCThreads -Xmx2G")
 
 	pctx.StaticVariable("CommonJdkFlags", strings.Join([]string{
 		`-Xmaxerrs 9999999`,
diff --git a/java/dex.go b/java/dex.go
index 7898e9d..6bf0143 100644
--- a/java/dex.go
+++ b/java/dex.go
@@ -84,6 +84,11 @@
 	return BoolDefault(d.dexProperties.Optimize.Enabled, d.dexProperties.Optimize.EnabledByDefault)
 }
 
+func init() {
+	pctx.HostBinToolVariable("runWithTimeoutCmd", "run_with_timeout")
+	pctx.SourcePathVariable("jstackCmd", "${config.JavaToolchain}/jstack")
+}
+
 var d8, d8RE = pctx.MultiCommandRemoteStaticRules("d8",
 	blueprint.RuleParams{
 		Command: `rm -rf "$outDir" && mkdir -p "$outDir" && ` +
@@ -117,7 +122,10 @@
 		Command: `rm -rf "$outDir" && mkdir -p "$outDir" && ` +
 			`rm -f "$outDict" && rm -rf "${outUsageDir}" && ` +
 			`mkdir -p $$(dirname ${outUsage}) && ` +
-			`$r8Template${config.R8Cmd} ${config.DexFlags} -injars $in --output $outDir ` +
+			// TODO(b/181095653): remove R8 timeout and go back to config.R8Cmd.
+			`${runWithTimeoutCmd} -timeout 30m -on_timeout '${jstackCmd} $$PID' -- ` +
+			`$r8Template${config.JavaCmd} ${config.DexJavaFlags} -cp ${config.R8Jar} ` +
+			`com.android.tools.r8.compatproguard.CompatProguard -injars $in --output $outDir ` +
 			`--no-data-resources ` +
 			`-printmapping ${outDict} ` +
 			`-printusage ${outUsage} ` +
@@ -128,9 +136,10 @@
 			`$zipTemplate${config.SoongZipCmd} $zipFlags -o $outDir/classes.dex.jar -C $outDir -f "$outDir/classes*.dex" && ` +
 			`${config.MergeZipsCmd} -D -stripFile "**/*.class" $out $outDir/classes.dex.jar $in`,
 		CommandDeps: []string{
-			"${config.R8Cmd}",
+			"${config.R8Jar}",
 			"${config.SoongZipCmd}",
 			"${config.MergeZipsCmd}",
+			"${runWithTimeoutCmd}",
 		},
 	}, map[string]*remoteexec.REParams{
 		"$r8Template": &remoteexec.REParams{