diff --git a/filesystem/filesystem.go b/filesystem/filesystem.go
index c346770..c471da1 100644
--- a/filesystem/filesystem.go
+++ b/filesystem/filesystem.go
@@ -71,6 +71,10 @@
 	// For example, GSI system.img contains system_ext and product artifacts and their
 	// relPathInPackage need to be rebased to system/system_ext and system/system_product.
 	ModifyPackagingSpec(spec *android.PackagingSpec)
+
+	// Function to check if the filesystem should not use `vintf_fragments` property,
+	// but use `vintf_fragment` module type instead
+	ShouldUseVintfFragmentModuleOnly() bool
 }
 
 var _ filesystemBuilder = (*filesystem)(nil)
@@ -325,6 +329,9 @@
 
 func (f *filesystem) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext) {
 	validatePartitionType(ctx, f)
+	if f.filesystemBuilder.ShouldUseVintfFragmentModuleOnly() {
+		f.validateVintfFragments(ctx)
+	}
 	switch f.fsType(ctx) {
 	case ext4Type, erofsType, f2fsType:
 		f.output = f.buildImageUsingBuildImage(ctx)
@@ -353,6 +360,43 @@
 	}
 }
 
+func (f *filesystem) validateVintfFragments(ctx android.ModuleContext) {
+	visitedModule := map[string]bool{}
+	packagingSpecs := f.gatherFilteredPackagingSpecs(ctx)
+
+	moduleInFileSystem := func(mod android.Module) bool {
+		for _, ps := range android.OtherModuleProviderOrDefault(
+			ctx, mod, android.InstallFilesProvider).PackagingSpecs {
+			if _, ok := packagingSpecs[ps.RelPathInPackage()]; ok {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+
+	ctx.WalkDeps(func(child, parent android.Module) bool {
+		if visitedModule[child.Name()] {
+			return false
+		}
+		if !moduleInFileSystem(child) {
+			visitedModule[child.Name()] = true
+			return true
+		}
+		if vintfFragments := child.VintfFragments(ctx); vintfFragments != nil {
+			ctx.PropertyErrorf(
+				"vintf_fragments",
+				"Module %s is referenced by soong-defined filesystem %s with property vintf_fragments(%s) in use."+
+					" Use vintf_fragment_modules property instead.",
+				child.Name(),
+				f.BaseModuleName(),
+				strings.Join(vintfFragments, ", "),
+			)
+		}
+		visitedModule[child.Name()] = true
+		return true
+	})
+}
+
 func (f *filesystem) appendToEntry(ctx android.ModuleContext, installedFile android.Path) {
 	partitionBaseDir := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "root", f.partitionName()).String() + "/"
 
@@ -757,6 +801,10 @@
 	f.appendToEntry(ctx, output)
 }
 
+func (f *filesystem) ShouldUseVintfFragmentModuleOnly() bool {
+	return false
+}
+
 type partition interface {
 	PartitionType() string
 }