diff --git a/android/makevars.go b/android/makevars.go
index f57ac45..f92f458 100644
--- a/android/makevars.go
+++ b/android/makevars.go
@@ -513,6 +513,7 @@
 		fmt.Fprintln(buf)
 	}
 	fmt.Fprintf(buf, ".KATI_READONLY := EXTRA_INSTALL_ZIPS\n")
+	fmt.Fprintf(buf, "$(KATI_visibility_prefix EXTRA_INSTALL_ZIPS,build/make/core/Makefile)\n")
 
 	for _, symlink := range symlinks {
 		fmt.Fprintf(buf, "%s:", symlink.to.String())
diff --git a/android/module_context.go b/android/module_context.go
index 3c1e30a..18adb30 100644
--- a/android/module_context.go
+++ b/android/module_context.go
@@ -497,6 +497,7 @@
 		partition:             fullInstallPath.partition,
 		skipInstall:           m.skipInstall(),
 		aconfigPaths:          m.getAconfigPaths(),
+		archType:              m.target.Arch.ArchType,
 	}
 	m.packagingSpecs = append(m.packagingSpecs, spec)
 	return spec
@@ -622,6 +623,7 @@
 		partition:        fullInstallPath.partition,
 		skipInstall:      m.skipInstall(),
 		aconfigPaths:     m.getAconfigPaths(),
+		archType:         m.target.Arch.ArchType,
 	})
 
 	return fullInstallPath
@@ -665,6 +667,7 @@
 		partition:        fullInstallPath.partition,
 		skipInstall:      m.skipInstall(),
 		aconfigPaths:     m.getAconfigPaths(),
+		archType:         m.target.Arch.ArchType,
 	})
 
 	return fullInstallPath
diff --git a/android/packaging.go b/android/packaging.go
index a7260a6..080dcfe 100644
--- a/android/packaging.go
+++ b/android/packaging.go
@@ -51,6 +51,9 @@
 
 	// Paths of aconfig files for the built artifact
 	aconfigPaths *Paths
+
+	// ArchType of the module which produced this packaging spec
+	archType ArchType
 }
 
 func (p *PackagingSpec) Equals(other *PackagingSpec) bool {
@@ -139,6 +142,10 @@
 	// for rare cases like when there's a dependency to a module which exists in certain repo
 	// checkouts, this is needed.
 	IgnoreMissingDependencies bool
+
+	// If this is set to true by a module type inheriting PackagingBase, the deps property
+	// collects the first target only even with compile_multilib: true.
+	DepsCollectFirstTargetOnly bool
 }
 
 type depsProperty struct {
@@ -151,6 +158,7 @@
 	Common depsProperty `android:"arch_variant"`
 	Lib32  depsProperty `android:"arch_variant"`
 	Lib64  depsProperty `android:"arch_variant"`
+	Both   depsProperty `android:"arch_variant"`
 }
 
 type packagingArchProperties struct {
@@ -191,11 +199,28 @@
 		ret = append(ret, p.properties.Multilib.Common.Deps...)
 	}
 
-	for i, t := range ctx.MultiTargets() {
-		if t.Arch.ArchType == arch {
-			ret = append(ret, p.properties.Deps...)
-			if i == 0 {
-				ret = append(ret, p.properties.Multilib.First.Deps...)
+	if p.DepsCollectFirstTargetOnly {
+		if len(p.properties.Multilib.First.Deps) > 0 {
+			ctx.PropertyErrorf("multilib.first.deps", "not supported. use \"deps\" instead")
+		}
+		for i, t := range ctx.MultiTargets() {
+			if t.Arch.ArchType == arch {
+				ret = append(ret, p.properties.Multilib.Both.Deps...)
+				if i == 0 {
+					ret = append(ret, p.properties.Deps...)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		if len(p.properties.Multilib.Both.Deps) > 0 {
+			ctx.PropertyErrorf("multilib.both.deps", "not supported. use \"deps\" instead")
+		}
+		for i, t := range ctx.MultiTargets() {
+			if t.Arch.ArchType == arch {
+				ret = append(ret, p.properties.Deps...)
+				if i == 0 {
+					ret = append(ret, p.properties.Multilib.First.Deps...)
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -260,11 +285,31 @@
 
 func (p *PackagingBase) GatherPackagingSpecsWithFilter(ctx ModuleContext, filter func(PackagingSpec) bool) map[string]PackagingSpec {
 	m := make(map[string]PackagingSpec)
+
+	var arches []ArchType
+	for _, target := range p.getSupportedTargets(ctx) {
+		arches = append(arches, target.Arch.ArchType)
+	}
+
+	// filter out packaging specs for unsupported architecture
+	filterArch := func(ps PackagingSpec) bool {
+		for _, arch := range arches {
+			if arch == ps.archType {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+
 	ctx.VisitDirectDeps(func(child Module) {
 		if pi, ok := ctx.OtherModuleDependencyTag(child).(PackagingItem); !ok || !pi.IsPackagingItem() {
 			return
 		}
 		for _, ps := range child.TransitivePackagingSpecs() {
+			if !filterArch(ps) {
+				continue
+			}
+
 			if filter != nil {
 				if !filter(ps) {
 					continue
diff --git a/android/packaging_test.go b/android/packaging_test.go
index 3833437..f99bb91 100644
--- a/android/packaging_test.go
+++ b/android/packaging_test.go
@@ -67,18 +67,15 @@
 	entries []string
 }
 
-func packageMultiTargetTestModuleFactory() Module {
+func packageTestModuleFactory(multiTarget bool, depsCollectFirstTargetOnly bool) Module {
 	module := &packageTestModule{}
 	InitPackageModule(module)
-	InitAndroidMultiTargetsArchModule(module, DeviceSupported, MultilibCommon)
-	module.AddProperties(&module.properties)
-	return module
-}
-
-func packageTestModuleFactory() Module {
-	module := &packageTestModule{}
-	InitPackageModule(module)
-	InitAndroidArchModule(module, DeviceSupported, MultilibBoth)
+	module.DepsCollectFirstTargetOnly = depsCollectFirstTargetOnly
+	if multiTarget {
+		InitAndroidMultiTargetsArchModule(module, DeviceSupported, MultilibCommon)
+	} else {
+		InitAndroidArchModule(module, DeviceSupported, MultilibBoth)
+	}
 	module.AddProperties(&module.properties)
 	return module
 }
@@ -98,17 +95,23 @@
 	m.entries = m.CopyDepsToZip(ctx, m.GatherPackagingSpecs(ctx), zipFile)
 }
 
-func runPackagingTest(t *testing.T, multitarget bool, bp string, expected []string) {
+type packageTestModuleConfig struct {
+	multiTarget                bool
+	depsCollectFirstTargetOnly bool
+}
+
+func runPackagingTest(t *testing.T, config packageTestModuleConfig, bp string, expected []string) {
 	t.Helper()
 
 	var archVariant string
-	var moduleFactory ModuleFactory
-	if multitarget {
+	if config.multiTarget {
 		archVariant = "android_common"
-		moduleFactory = packageMultiTargetTestModuleFactory
 	} else {
 		archVariant = "android_arm64_armv8-a"
-		moduleFactory = packageTestModuleFactory
+	}
+
+	moduleFactory := func() Module {
+		return packageTestModuleFactory(config.multiTarget, config.depsCollectFirstTargetOnly)
 	}
 
 	result := GroupFixturePreparers(
@@ -128,8 +131,11 @@
 }
 
 func TestPackagingBaseMultiTarget(t *testing.T) {
-	multiTarget := true
-	runPackagingTest(t, multiTarget,
+	config := packageTestModuleConfig{
+		multiTarget:                true,
+		depsCollectFirstTargetOnly: false,
+	}
+	runPackagingTest(t, config,
 		`
 		component {
 			name: "foo",
@@ -141,7 +147,7 @@
 		}
 		`, []string{"lib64/foo"})
 
-	runPackagingTest(t, multiTarget,
+	runPackagingTest(t, config,
 		`
 		component {
 			name: "foo",
@@ -158,7 +164,7 @@
 		}
 		`, []string{"lib64/foo", "lib64/bar"})
 
-	runPackagingTest(t, multiTarget,
+	runPackagingTest(t, config,
 		`
 		component {
 			name: "foo",
@@ -176,7 +182,7 @@
 		}
 		`, []string{"lib32/foo", "lib32/bar", "lib64/foo", "lib64/bar"})
 
-	runPackagingTest(t, multiTarget,
+	runPackagingTest(t, config,
 		`
 		component {
 			name: "foo",
@@ -199,7 +205,7 @@
 		}
 		`, []string{"lib32/foo", "lib32/bar", "lib64/foo"})
 
-	runPackagingTest(t, multiTarget,
+	runPackagingTest(t, config,
 		`
 		component {
 			name: "foo",
@@ -221,7 +227,7 @@
 		}
 		`, []string{"lib32/foo", "lib64/foo", "lib64/bar"})
 
-	runPackagingTest(t, multiTarget,
+	runPackagingTest(t, config,
 		`
 		component {
 			name: "foo",
@@ -252,8 +258,11 @@
 }
 
 func TestPackagingBaseSingleTarget(t *testing.T) {
-	multiTarget := false
-	runPackagingTest(t, multiTarget,
+	config := packageTestModuleConfig{
+		multiTarget:                false,
+		depsCollectFirstTargetOnly: false,
+	}
+	runPackagingTest(t, config,
 		`
 		component {
 			name: "foo",
@@ -265,7 +274,7 @@
 		}
 		`, []string{"lib64/foo"})
 
-	runPackagingTest(t, multiTarget,
+	runPackagingTest(t, config,
 		`
 		component {
 			name: "foo",
@@ -282,7 +291,7 @@
 		}
 		`, []string{"lib64/foo", "lib64/bar"})
 
-	runPackagingTest(t, multiTarget,
+	runPackagingTest(t, config,
 		`
 		component {
 			name: "foo",
@@ -304,7 +313,7 @@
 		}
 		`, []string{"lib64/foo"})
 
-	runPackagingTest(t, multiTarget,
+	runPackagingTest(t, config,
 		`
 		component {
 			name: "foo",
@@ -325,7 +334,7 @@
 		}
 		`, []string{"lib64/foo", "lib64/bar"})
 
-	runPackagingTest(t, multiTarget,
+	runPackagingTest(t, config,
 		`
 		component {
 			name: "foo",
@@ -353,7 +362,7 @@
 		}
 		`, []string{"lib64/foo", "lib64/bar"})
 
-	runPackagingTest(t, multiTarget,
+	runPackagingTest(t, config,
 		`
 		component {
 			name: "foo",
@@ -374,8 +383,11 @@
 func TestPackagingWithSkipInstallDeps(t *testing.T) {
 	// package -[dep]-> foo -[dep]-> bar      -[dep]-> baz
 	// Packaging should continue transitively through modules that are not installed.
-	multiTarget := false
-	runPackagingTest(t, multiTarget,
+	config := packageTestModuleConfig{
+		multiTarget:                false,
+		depsCollectFirstTargetOnly: false,
+	}
+	runPackagingTest(t, config,
 		`
 		component {
 			name: "foo",
@@ -398,3 +410,130 @@
 		}
 		`, []string{"lib64/foo", "lib64/bar", "lib64/baz"})
 }
+
+func TestPackagingWithDepsCollectFirstTargetOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	config := packageTestModuleConfig{
+		multiTarget:                true,
+		depsCollectFirstTargetOnly: true,
+	}
+	runPackagingTest(t, config,
+		`
+		component {
+			name: "foo",
+		}
+
+		package_module {
+			name: "package",
+			deps: ["foo"],
+		}
+		`, []string{"lib64/foo"})
+
+	runPackagingTest(t, config,
+		`
+		component {
+			name: "foo",
+			deps: ["bar"],
+		}
+
+		component {
+			name: "bar",
+		}
+
+		package_module {
+			name: "package",
+			deps: ["foo"],
+		}
+		`, []string{"lib64/foo", "lib64/bar"})
+
+	runPackagingTest(t, config,
+		`
+		component {
+			name: "foo",
+			deps: ["bar"],
+		}
+
+		component {
+			name: "bar",
+		}
+
+		package_module {
+			name: "package",
+			deps: ["foo"],
+			compile_multilib: "both",
+		}
+		`, []string{"lib64/foo", "lib64/bar"})
+
+	runPackagingTest(t, config,
+		`
+		component {
+			name: "foo",
+		}
+
+		component {
+			name: "bar",
+			compile_multilib: "32",
+		}
+
+		package_module {
+			name: "package",
+			deps: ["foo"],
+			multilib: {
+				lib32: {
+					deps: ["bar"],
+				},
+			},
+			compile_multilib: "both",
+		}
+		`, []string{"lib32/bar", "lib64/foo"})
+
+	runPackagingTest(t, config,
+		`
+		component {
+			name: "foo",
+		}
+
+		component {
+			name: "bar",
+		}
+
+		package_module {
+			name: "package",
+			deps: ["foo"],
+			multilib: {
+				both: {
+					deps: ["bar"],
+				},
+			},
+			compile_multilib: "both",
+		}
+		`, []string{"lib64/foo", "lib32/bar", "lib64/bar"})
+
+	runPackagingTest(t, config,
+		`
+		component {
+			name: "foo",
+		}
+
+		component {
+			name: "bar",
+		}
+
+		component {
+			name: "baz",
+		}
+
+		package_module {
+			name: "package",
+			deps: ["foo"],
+			arch: {
+				arm64: {
+					deps: ["bar"],
+				},
+				x86_64: {
+					deps: ["baz"],
+				},
+			},
+			compile_multilib: "both",
+		}
+		`, []string{"lib64/foo", "lib64/bar"})
+}
diff --git a/android/util.go b/android/util.go
index 698a856..de4ca4d 100644
--- a/android/util.go
+++ b/android/util.go
@@ -302,6 +302,24 @@
 	return removed, result
 }
 
+// FirstUniqueFunc returns all unique elements of a slice, keeping the first copy of
+// each.  It does not modify the input slice. The eq function should return true
+// if two elements can be considered equal.
+func FirstUniqueFunc[SortableList ~[]Sortable, Sortable any](list SortableList, eq func(a, b Sortable) bool) SortableList {
+	k := 0
+outer:
+	for i := 0; i < len(list); i++ {
+		for j := 0; j < k; j++ {
+			if eq(list[i], list[j]) {
+				continue outer
+			}
+		}
+		list[k] = list[i]
+		k++
+	}
+	return list[:k]
+}
+
 // FirstUniqueStrings returns all unique elements of a slice of strings, keeping the first copy of
 // each.  It does not modify the input slice.
 func FirstUniqueStrings(list []string) []string {
diff --git a/apex/apex.go b/apex/apex.go
index 9a80ec6..bc2b032 100644
--- a/apex/apex.go
+++ b/apex/apex.go
@@ -699,7 +699,12 @@
 func addDependenciesForNativeModules(ctx android.BottomUpMutatorContext, nativeModules ApexNativeDependencies, target android.Target, imageVariation string) {
 	binVariations := target.Variations()
 	libVariations := append(target.Variations(), blueprint.Variation{Mutator: "link", Variation: "shared"})
-	rustLibVariations := append(target.Variations(), blueprint.Variation{Mutator: "rust_libraries", Variation: "dylib"})
+	rustLibVariations := append(
+		target.Variations(), []blueprint.Variation{
+			{Mutator: "rust_libraries", Variation: "dylib"},
+			{Mutator: "link", Variation: ""},
+		}...,
+	)
 
 	// Append "image" variation
 	binVariations = append(binVariations, blueprint.Variation{Mutator: "image", Variation: imageVariation})
@@ -1636,7 +1641,8 @@
 
 func apexFileForPrebuiltEtc(ctx android.BaseModuleContext, prebuilt prebuilt_etc.PrebuiltEtcModule, outputFile android.Path) apexFile {
 	dirInApex := filepath.Join(prebuilt.BaseDir(), prebuilt.SubDir())
-	return newApexFile(ctx, outputFile, outputFile.Base(), dirInApex, etc, prebuilt)
+	makeModuleName := strings.ReplaceAll(filepath.Join(dirInApex, outputFile.Base()), "/", "_")
+	return newApexFile(ctx, outputFile, makeModuleName, dirInApex, etc, prebuilt)
 }
 
 func apexFileForCompatConfig(ctx android.BaseModuleContext, config java.PlatformCompatConfigIntf, depName string) apexFile {
diff --git a/apex/apex_test.go b/apex/apex_test.go
index 9a5c2b4..a758caf 100644
--- a/apex/apex_test.go
+++ b/apex/apex_test.go
@@ -5908,6 +5908,7 @@
 			srcs: ["foo/bar/MyClass.java"],
 			sdk_version: "current",
 			system_modules: "none",
+			use_embedded_native_libs: true,
 			jni_libs: ["libjni"],
 			stl: "none",
 			apex_available: [ "myapex" ],
@@ -11531,3 +11532,42 @@
 		"depend on java_aconfig_library not passed as an input",
 		aconfigFlagArgs, fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/intermediate.pb", outDir, "quux"))
 }
+
+func TestMultiplePrebuiltsWithSameBase(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := testApex(t, `
+		apex {
+			name: "myapex",
+			key: "myapex.key",
+			prebuilts: ["myetc", "myetc2"],
+			min_sdk_version: "29",
+		}
+		apex_key {
+			name: "myapex.key",
+			public_key: "testkey.avbpubkey",
+			private_key: "testkey.pem",
+		}
+
+		prebuilt_etc {
+			name: "myetc",
+			src: "myprebuilt",
+			filename: "myfilename",
+		}
+		prebuilt_etc {
+			name: "myetc2",
+			sub_dir: "mysubdir",
+			src: "myprebuilt",
+			filename: "myfilename",
+		}
+	`, withFiles(android.MockFS{
+		"packages/modules/common/build/allowed_deps.txt": nil,
+	}))
+
+	ab := ctx.ModuleForTests("myapex", "android_common_myapex").Module().(*apexBundle)
+	data := android.AndroidMkDataForTest(t, ctx, ab)
+	var builder strings.Builder
+	data.Custom(&builder, ab.BaseModuleName(), "TARGET_", "", data)
+	androidMk := builder.String()
+
+	android.AssertStringDoesContain(t, "not found", androidMk, "LOCAL_MODULE := etc_myfilename.myapex")
+	android.AssertStringDoesContain(t, "not found", androidMk, "LOCAL_MODULE := etc_mysubdir_myfilename.myapex")
+}
diff --git a/apex/platform_bootclasspath_test.go b/apex/platform_bootclasspath_test.go
index 2be9c10..9f1e1e1 100644
--- a/apex/platform_bootclasspath_test.go
+++ b/apex/platform_bootclasspath_test.go
@@ -795,3 +795,127 @@
 			}
 		`)
 }
+
+// Source and prebuilt apex provide different set of boot jars
+func TestNonBootJarMissingInPrebuiltFragment(t *testing.T) {
+	bp := `
+		apex {
+			name: "myapex",
+			key: "myapex.key",
+			bootclasspath_fragments: ["apex-fragment"],
+			updatable: false,
+		}
+
+		apex_key {
+			name: "myapex.key",
+			public_key: "testkey.avbpubkey",
+			private_key: "testkey.pem",
+		}
+
+		java_library {
+			name: "foo",
+			srcs: ["b.java"],
+			installable: true,
+			apex_available: ["myapex"],
+			permitted_packages: ["foo"],
+		}
+
+		java_library {
+			name: "bar",
+			srcs: ["b.java"],
+			installable: true,
+			apex_available: ["myapex"],
+			permitted_packages: ["bar"],
+		}
+
+		bootclasspath_fragment {
+			name: "apex-fragment",
+			contents: ["foo", "bar"],
+			apex_available:[ "myapex" ],
+			hidden_api: {
+				split_packages: ["*"],
+			},
+		}
+
+		prebuilt_apex {
+			name: "com.google.android.myapex", // mainline prebuilt selection logic in soong relies on the naming convention com.google.android
+			apex_name: "myapex",
+			source_apex_name: "myapex",
+			src: "myapex.apex",
+			exported_bootclasspath_fragments: ["apex-fragment"],
+		}
+
+		java_import {
+			name: "foo",
+			jars: ["foo.jar"],
+			apex_available: ["myapex"],
+			permitted_packages: ["foo"],
+		}
+
+		prebuilt_bootclasspath_fragment {
+			name: "apex-fragment",
+			contents: ["foo"], // Unlike the source fragment, this is missing bar
+			apex_available:[ "myapex" ],
+			hidden_api: {
+				annotation_flags: "my-bootclasspath-fragment/annotation-flags.csv",
+				metadata: "my-bootclasspath-fragment/metadata.csv",
+				index: "my-bootclasspath-fragment/index.csv",
+				stub_flags: "my-bootclasspath-fragment/stub-flags.csv",
+				all_flags: "my-bootclasspath-fragment/all-flags.csv",
+			},
+		}
+
+		apex_contributions {
+			name: "my_apex_contributions",
+			api_domain: "myapex",
+			contents: [%v],
+		}
+	`
+	testCases := []struct {
+		desc                     string
+		configuredBootJars       []string
+		apexContributionContents string
+		errorExpected            bool
+	}{
+		{
+			desc:               "Source apex is selected, and APEX_BOOT_JARS is correctly configured for source apex builds",
+			configuredBootJars: []string{"myapex:foo", "myapex:bar"},
+		},
+		{
+			desc:               "Source apex is selected, and APEX_BOOT_JARS is missing bar",
+			configuredBootJars: []string{"myapex:foo"},
+			errorExpected:      true,
+		},
+		{
+			desc:                     "Prebuilt apex is selected, and APEX_BOOT_JARS is correctly configured for prebuilt apex build",
+			configuredBootJars:       []string{"myapex:foo"},
+			apexContributionContents: `"prebuilt_com.google.android.myapex"`,
+		},
+		{
+			desc:                     "Prebuilt apex is selected, and APEX_BOOT_JARS is missing foo",
+			configuredBootJars:       []string{"myapex:bar"},
+			apexContributionContents: `"prebuilt_com.google.android.myapex"`,
+			errorExpected:            true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		fixture := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+			prepareForTestWithPlatformBootclasspath,
+			PrepareForTestWithApexBuildComponents,
+			prepareForTestWithMyapex,
+			java.FixtureConfigureApexBootJars(tc.configuredBootJars...),
+			android.FixtureModifyProductVariables(func(variables android.FixtureProductVariables) {
+				variables.BuildFlags = map[string]string{
+					"RELEASE_APEX_CONTRIBUTIONS_ART": "my_apex_contributions",
+				}
+			}),
+		)
+		if tc.errorExpected {
+			fixture = fixture.ExtendWithErrorHandler(
+				android.FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(`in contents.*must also be declared in PRODUCT_APEX_BOOT_JARS`),
+			)
+		}
+		fixture.RunTestWithBp(t, fmt.Sprintf(bp, tc.apexContributionContents))
+	}
+}
diff --git a/apex/prebuilt.go b/apex/prebuilt.go
index 72a9e52..b2afa39 100644
--- a/apex/prebuilt.go
+++ b/apex/prebuilt.go
@@ -835,7 +835,21 @@
 	android.SetProvider(ctx, android.PrebuiltInfoProvider, info)
 }
 
+// Uses an object provided by its deps to validate that the contents of bcpf have been added to the global
+// PRODUCT_APEX_BOOT_JARS
+// This validation will only run on the apex which is active for this product/release_config
+func validateApexClasspathFragments(ctx android.ModuleContext) {
+	ctx.VisitDirectDeps(func(m android.Module) {
+		if info, exists := android.OtherModuleProvider(ctx, m, java.ClasspathFragmentValidationInfoProvider); exists {
+			ctx.ModuleErrorf("%s in contents of %s must also be declared in PRODUCT_APEX_BOOT_JARS", info.UnknownJars, info.ClasspathFragmentModuleName)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
 func (p *Prebuilt) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext) {
+	// Validate contents of classpath fragments
+	validateApexClasspathFragments(ctx)
+
 	p.apexKeysPath = writeApexKeys(ctx, p)
 	// TODO(jungjw): Check the key validity.
 	p.inputApex = android.OptionalPathForModuleSrc(ctx, p.prebuiltCommonProperties.Selected_apex).Path()
@@ -1059,6 +1073,9 @@
 }
 
 func (a *ApexSet) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext) {
+	// Validate contents of classpath fragments
+	validateApexClasspathFragments(ctx)
+
 	a.apexKeysPath = writeApexKeys(ctx, a)
 	a.installFilename = a.InstallFilename()
 	if !strings.HasSuffix(a.installFilename, imageApexSuffix) && !strings.HasSuffix(a.installFilename, imageCapexSuffix) {
diff --git a/bin/aninja b/bin/aninja
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cceb794
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/aninja
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/bin/bash -e
+
+# Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# Common script utilities
+source $(cd $(dirname $BASH_SOURCE) &> /dev/null && pwd)/../../make/shell_utils.sh
+
+require_top
+require_lunch
+
+cd $(gettop)
+prebuilts/build-tools/linux-x86/bin/ninja -f out/combined-${TARGET_PRODUCT}.ninja "$@"
+
diff --git a/bin/overrideflags b/bin/overrideflags
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e16537b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/overrideflags
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#!/bin/bash -e
+# Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+source $(cd $(dirname $BASH_SOURCE) &> /dev/null && pwd)/../../make/shell_utils.sh
+
+require_top
+
+function print_help() {
+    echo -e "overrideflags is used to set default value for local build."
+    echo -e "\nOptions:"
+    echo -e "\t--release-config  \tPath to release configuration directory. Required"
+    echo -e "\t--no-edit         \tIf present, skip editing flag value file."
+    echo -e "\t-h/--help         \tShow this help."
+}
+
+function main() {
+    while (($# > 0)); do
+        case $1 in
+        --release-config)
+            if [[ $# -le 1 ]]; then
+                echo "--release-config requires a path"
+                return 1
+            fi
+            local release_config_dir="$2"
+            shift 2
+            ;;
+        --no-edit)
+            local no_edit="true"
+            shift 1
+            ;;
+        -h|--help)
+            print_help
+            return
+            ;;
+        *)
+            echo "$1 is unrecognized"
+            print_help
+            return 1
+            ;;
+        esac
+    done
+
+
+
+    case $(uname -s) in
+        Darwin)
+            local host_arch=darwin-x86
+            ;;
+        Linux)
+            local host_arch=linux-x86
+            ;;
+        *)
+            >&2 echo Unknown host $(uname -s)
+            return
+            ;;
+    esac
+
+    if [[ -z "${release_config_dir}" ]]; then
+        echo "Please provide release configuration path by --release-config"
+        exit 1
+    elif [ ! -d "${release_config_dir}" ]; then
+        echo "${release_config_dir} is an invalid directory"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    local T="$(gettop)"
+    local aconfig_dir="${T}"/build/make/tools/aconfig/
+    local overrideflag_py="${aconfig_dir}"/overrideflags/overrideflags.py
+    local overridefile="${release_config_dir}/aconfig/override_values.textproto"
+
+    # Edit override file
+    if [[ -z "${no_edit}" ]]; then
+        editor="${EDITOR:-$(which vim)}"
+
+        eval "${editor} ${overridefile}"
+        if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+            echo "Fail to set override values"
+            return 1
+        fi
+    fi
+
+    ${T}/prebuilts/build-tools/${host_arch}/bin/py3-cmd -u "${overrideflag_py}" \
+        --overrides "${overridefile}" \
+        --out "${release_config_dir}/aconfig"
+}
+
+
+main "$@"
diff --git a/cc/binary.go b/cc/binary.go
index 7aa8e20..3ff35de 100644
--- a/cc/binary.go
+++ b/cc/binary.go
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 	"path/filepath"
 
 	"android/soong/android"
+
 	"github.com/google/blueprint"
 )
 
@@ -425,6 +426,10 @@
 	validations = append(validations, objs.tidyDepFiles...)
 	linkerDeps = append(linkerDeps, flags.LdFlagsDeps...)
 
+	if generatedLib := generateRustStaticlib(ctx, deps.RustRlibDeps); generatedLib != nil {
+		deps.StaticLibs = append(deps.StaticLibs, generatedLib)
+	}
+
 	// Register link action.
 	transformObjToDynamicBinary(ctx, objs.objFiles, sharedLibs, deps.StaticLibs,
 		deps.LateStaticLibs, deps.WholeStaticLibs, linkerDeps, deps.CrtBegin, deps.CrtEnd, true,
diff --git a/cc/builder.go b/cc/builder.go
index e255cbe..42aa4b6 100644
--- a/cc/builder.go
+++ b/cc/builder.go
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 // functions.
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
@@ -330,6 +331,15 @@
 			CommandDeps: []string{"$cxxExtractor", "$kytheVnames"},
 		},
 		"cFlags")
+
+	// Function pointer for producting staticlibs from rlibs. Corresponds to
+	// rust.TransformRlibstoStaticlib(), initialized in soong-rust (rust/builder.go init())
+	//
+	// This is required since soong-rust depends on soong-cc, so soong-cc cannot depend on soong-rust
+	// without resulting in a circular dependency. Setting this function pointer in soong-rust allows
+	// soong-cc to call into this particular function.
+	TransformRlibstoStaticlib (func(ctx android.ModuleContext, mainSrc android.Path, deps []RustRlibDep,
+		outputFile android.WritablePath) android.Path) = nil
 )
 
 func PwdPrefix() string {
@@ -778,6 +788,47 @@
 	}
 }
 
+// Generate a Rust staticlib from a list of rlibDeps. Returns nil if TransformRlibstoStaticlib is nil or rlibDeps is empty.
+func generateRustStaticlib(ctx android.ModuleContext, rlibDeps []RustRlibDep) android.Path {
+	if TransformRlibstoStaticlib == nil && len(rlibDeps) > 0 {
+		// This should only be reachable if a module defines static_rlibs and
+		// soong-rust hasn't been loaded alongside soong-cc (e.g. in soong-cc tests).
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("TransformRlibstoStaticlib is not set and static_rlibs is defined in %s", ctx.ModuleName()))
+	} else if len(rlibDeps) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	output := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "generated_rust_staticlib", "lib"+ctx.ModuleName()+"_rust_staticlib.a")
+	stemFile := output.ReplaceExtension(ctx, "rs")
+	crateNames := []string{}
+
+	// Collect crate names
+	for _, lib := range rlibDeps {
+		// Exclude libstd so this can support no_std builds.
+		if lib.CrateName != "libstd" {
+			crateNames = append(crateNames, lib.CrateName)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Deduplicate any crateNames just to be safe
+	crateNames = android.FirstUniqueStrings(crateNames)
+
+	// Write the source file
+	android.WriteFileRule(ctx, stemFile, genRustStaticlibSrcFile(crateNames))
+
+	return TransformRlibstoStaticlib(ctx, stemFile, rlibDeps, output)
+}
+
+func genRustStaticlibSrcFile(crateNames []string) string {
+	lines := []string{
+		"// @Soong generated Source",
+	}
+	for _, crate := range crateNames {
+		lines = append(lines, fmt.Sprintf("extern crate %s;", crate))
+	}
+	return strings.Join(lines, "\n")
+}
+
 // Generate a rule for compiling multiple .o files, plus static libraries, whole static libraries,
 // and shared libraries, to a shared library (.so) or dynamic executable
 func transformObjToDynamicBinary(ctx android.ModuleContext,
diff --git a/cc/cc.go b/cc/cc.go
index eb6e974..89cf093 100644
--- a/cc/cc.go
+++ b/cc/cc.go
@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@
 	StaticLibs, LateStaticLibs, WholeStaticLibs []string
 	HeaderLibs                                  []string
 	RuntimeLibs                                 []string
+	Rlibs                                       []string
 
 	// UnexportedStaticLibs are static libraries that are also passed to -Wl,--exclude-libs= to
 	// prevent automatically exporting symbols.
@@ -145,6 +146,17 @@
 	LlndkHeaderLibs []string
 }
 
+// A struct which to collect flags for rlib dependencies
+type RustRlibDep struct {
+	LibPath   android.Path // path to the rlib
+	LinkDirs  []string     // flags required for dependency (e.g. -L flags)
+	CrateName string       // crateNames associated with rlibDeps
+}
+
+func EqRustRlibDeps(a RustRlibDep, b RustRlibDep) bool {
+	return a.LibPath == b.LibPath
+}
+
 // PathDeps is a struct containing file paths to dependencies of a module.
 // It's constructed in depsToPath() by traversing the direct dependencies of the current module.
 // It's used to construct flags for various build statements (such as for compiling and linking).
@@ -157,6 +169,8 @@
 	SharedLibsDeps, EarlySharedLibsDeps, LateSharedLibsDeps android.Paths
 	// Paths to .a files
 	StaticLibs, LateStaticLibs, WholeStaticLibs android.Paths
+	// Paths and crateNames for RustStaticLib dependencies
+	RustRlibDeps []RustRlibDep
 
 	// Transitive static library dependencies of static libraries for use in ordering.
 	TranstiveStaticLibrariesForOrdering *android.DepSet[android.Path]
@@ -185,6 +199,7 @@
 	ReexportedFlags            []string
 	ReexportedGeneratedHeaders android.Paths
 	ReexportedDeps             android.Paths
+	ReexportedRustRlibDeps     []RustRlibDep
 
 	// Paths to crt*.o files
 	CrtBegin, CrtEnd android.Paths
@@ -298,6 +313,7 @@
 
 	AndroidMkSharedLibs       []string `blueprint:"mutated"`
 	AndroidMkStaticLibs       []string `blueprint:"mutated"`
+	AndroidMkRlibs            []string `blueprint:"mutated"`
 	AndroidMkRuntimeLibs      []string `blueprint:"mutated"`
 	AndroidMkWholeStaticLibs  []string `blueprint:"mutated"`
 	AndroidMkHeaderLibs       []string `blueprint:"mutated"`
@@ -660,6 +676,7 @@
 	headerLibraryDependency = iota
 	sharedLibraryDependency
 	staticLibraryDependency
+	rlibLibraryDependency
 )
 
 func (k libraryDependencyKind) String() string {
@@ -670,6 +687,8 @@
 		return "sharedLibraryDependency"
 	case staticLibraryDependency:
 		return "staticLibraryDependency"
+	case rlibLibraryDependency:
+		return "rlibLibraryDependency"
 	default:
 		panic(fmt.Errorf("unknown libraryDependencyKind %d", k))
 	}
@@ -747,6 +766,11 @@
 	return d.Kind == staticLibraryDependency
 }
 
+// rlib returns true if the libraryDependencyTag is tagging an rlib dependency.
+func (d libraryDependencyTag) rlib() bool {
+	return d.Kind == rlibLibraryDependency
+}
+
 func (d libraryDependencyTag) LicenseAnnotations() []android.LicenseAnnotation {
 	if d.shared() {
 		return []android.LicenseAnnotation{android.LicenseAnnotationSharedDependency}
@@ -1114,6 +1138,14 @@
 	return false
 }
 
+func (c *Module) CrateName() string {
+	panic(fmt.Errorf("CrateName called on non-Rust module: %q", c.BaseModuleName()))
+}
+
+func (c *Module) ExportedCrateLinkDirs() []string {
+	panic(fmt.Errorf("ExportedCrateLinkDirs called on non-Rust module: %q", c.BaseModuleName()))
+}
+
 func (c *Module) IsFuzzModule() bool {
 	if _, ok := c.compiler.(*fuzzBinary); ok {
 		return true
@@ -2309,6 +2341,7 @@
 
 	deps.WholeStaticLibs = android.LastUniqueStrings(deps.WholeStaticLibs)
 	deps.StaticLibs = android.LastUniqueStrings(deps.StaticLibs)
+	deps.Rlibs = android.LastUniqueStrings(deps.Rlibs)
 	deps.LateStaticLibs = android.LastUniqueStrings(deps.LateStaticLibs)
 	deps.SharedLibs = android.LastUniqueStrings(deps.SharedLibs)
 	deps.LateSharedLibs = android.LastUniqueStrings(deps.LateSharedLibs)
@@ -2616,6 +2649,15 @@
 		}, depTag, lib)
 	}
 
+	for _, lib := range deps.Rlibs {
+		depTag := libraryDependencyTag{Kind: rlibLibraryDependency}
+		actx.AddVariationDependencies([]blueprint.Variation{
+			{Mutator: "link", Variation: ""},
+			{Mutator: "rust_libraries", Variation: "rlib"},
+			{Mutator: "rust_stdlinkage", Variation: "rlib-std"},
+		}, depTag, lib)
+	}
+
 	// staticUnwinderDep is treated as staticDep for Q apexes
 	// so that native libraries/binaries are linked with static unwinder
 	// because Q libc doesn't have unwinder APIs
@@ -3225,6 +3267,14 @@
 				default:
 					panic(fmt.Errorf("unexpected library dependency order %d", libDepTag.Order))
 				}
+
+			case libDepTag.rlib():
+				rlibDep := RustRlibDep{LibPath: linkFile.Path(), CrateName: ccDep.CrateName(), LinkDirs: ccDep.ExportedCrateLinkDirs()}
+				depPaths.ReexportedRustRlibDeps = append(depPaths.ReexportedRustRlibDeps, rlibDep)
+				depPaths.RustRlibDeps = append(depPaths.RustRlibDeps, rlibDep)
+				depPaths.IncludeDirs = append(depPaths.IncludeDirs, depExporterInfo.IncludeDirs...)
+				depPaths.ReexportedDirs = append(depPaths.ReexportedDirs, depExporterInfo.IncludeDirs...)
+
 			case libDepTag.static():
 				staticLibraryInfo, isStaticLib := android.OtherModuleProvider(ctx, dep, StaticLibraryInfoProvider)
 				if !isStaticLib {
@@ -3277,6 +3327,12 @@
 						panic(fmt.Errorf("unexpected library dependency order %d", libDepTag.Order))
 					}
 				}
+
+				// We re-export the Rust static_rlibs so rlib dependencies don't need to be redeclared by cc_library_static dependents.
+				// E.g. libfoo (cc_library_static) depends on libfoo.ffi (a rust_ffi rlib), libbar depending on libfoo shouldn't have to also add libfoo.ffi to static_rlibs.
+				depPaths.ReexportedRustRlibDeps = append(depPaths.ReexportedRustRlibDeps, depExporterInfo.RustRlibDeps...)
+				depPaths.RustRlibDeps = append(depPaths.RustRlibDeps, depExporterInfo.RustRlibDeps...)
+
 				if libDepTag.unexportedSymbols {
 					depPaths.LdFlags = append(depPaths.LdFlags,
 						"-Wl,--exclude-libs="+staticLibraryInfo.StaticLibrary.Base())
@@ -3329,6 +3385,12 @@
 			depPaths.SystemIncludeDirs = append(depPaths.SystemIncludeDirs, depExporterInfo.SystemIncludeDirs...)
 			depPaths.GeneratedDeps = append(depPaths.GeneratedDeps, depExporterInfo.Deps...)
 			depPaths.Flags = append(depPaths.Flags, depExporterInfo.Flags...)
+			depPaths.RustRlibDeps = append(depPaths.RustRlibDeps, depExporterInfo.RustRlibDeps...)
+
+			// Only re-export RustRlibDeps for cc static libs
+			if c.static() {
+				depPaths.ReexportedRustRlibDeps = append(depPaths.ReexportedRustRlibDeps, depExporterInfo.RustRlibDeps...)
+			}
 
 			if libDepTag.reexportFlags {
 				reexportExporter(depExporterInfo)
@@ -3401,11 +3463,14 @@
 	depPaths.IncludeDirs = android.FirstUniquePaths(depPaths.IncludeDirs)
 	depPaths.SystemIncludeDirs = android.FirstUniquePaths(depPaths.SystemIncludeDirs)
 	depPaths.GeneratedDeps = android.FirstUniquePaths(depPaths.GeneratedDeps)
+	depPaths.RustRlibDeps = android.FirstUniqueFunc(depPaths.RustRlibDeps, EqRustRlibDeps)
+
 	depPaths.ReexportedDirs = android.FirstUniquePaths(depPaths.ReexportedDirs)
 	depPaths.ReexportedSystemDirs = android.FirstUniquePaths(depPaths.ReexportedSystemDirs)
 	depPaths.ReexportedFlags = android.FirstUniqueStrings(depPaths.ReexportedFlags)
 	depPaths.ReexportedDeps = android.FirstUniquePaths(depPaths.ReexportedDeps)
 	depPaths.ReexportedGeneratedHeaders = android.FirstUniquePaths(depPaths.ReexportedGeneratedHeaders)
+	depPaths.ReexportedRustRlibDeps = android.FirstUniqueFunc(depPaths.ReexportedRustRlibDeps, EqRustRlibDeps)
 
 	if c.sabi != nil {
 		c.sabi.Properties.ReexportedIncludes = android.FirstUniqueStrings(c.sabi.Properties.ReexportedIncludes)
diff --git a/cc/cmake_ext_add_aidl_library.txt b/cc/cmake_ext_add_aidl_library.txt
index dcf805a..af5bdf6 100644
--- a/cc/cmake_ext_add_aidl_library.txt
+++ b/cc/cmake_ext_add_aidl_library.txt
@@ -1,35 +1,51 @@
-function(add_aidl_library NAME LANG SOURCES AIDLFLAGS)
+function(add_aidl_library NAME LANG AIDLROOT SOURCES AIDLFLAGS)
     if (${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "3.20")
         cmake_policy(SET CMP0116 NEW)
     endif()
 
+    # Strip trailing slash
+    get_filename_component(AIDLROOT_TRAILING "${AIDLROOT}" NAME)
+    if ("${AIDLROOT_TRAILING}" STREQUAL "")
+        get_filename_component(AIDLROOT "${AIDLROOT}foo" DIRECTORY)
+    endif()
+
     set(GEN_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/.intermediates/${NAME}-source")
     set(GEN_SOURCES)
-    foreach(SOURCE ${SOURCES})
-        get_filename_component(SOURCE_WE ${SOURCE} NAME_WE)
-        get_filename_component(SOURCE_ABSOLUTE ${SOURCE} ABSOLUTE)
-        get_filename_component(SOURCE_DIR ${SOURCE_ABSOLUTE} DIRECTORY)
-        set(GEN_SOURCE "${GEN_DIR}/${SOURCE_WE}.cpp")
+    foreach (SOURCE ${SOURCES})
+        set(SOURCE_FULL ${AIDLROOT}/${SOURCE})
+        get_filename_component(SOURCE_WLE ${SOURCE} NAME_WLE)
+        get_filename_component(SOURCE_SUBDIR ${SOURCE} DIRECTORY)
+        set(GEN_SOURCE "${GEN_DIR}/${SOURCE_SUBDIR}/${SOURCE_WLE}.cpp")
+
+        file(READ "${SOURCE}" SOURCE_CONTENTS)
+        string(FIND "${SOURCE_CONTENTS}" "@VintfStability" VINTF_MATCH)
+        set(STABILITY_FLAG)
+        if (${VINTF_MATCH} GREATER_EQUAL 0)
+            set(STABILITY_FLAG --stability vintf)
+        endif()
+
         set(DEPFILE_ARG)
         if (NOT ${CMAKE_GENERATOR} MATCHES "Unix Makefiles")
             set(DEPFILE_ARG DEPFILE "${GEN_SOURCE}.d")
         endif()
+
         add_custom_command(
             OUTPUT "${GEN_SOURCE}"
-            MAIN_DEPENDENCY "${SOURCE_ABSOLUTE}"
+            MAIN_DEPENDENCY "${SOURCE_FULL}"
             ${DEPFILE_ARG}
             COMMAND "${AIDL_BIN}"
             ARGS
             --lang=${LANG}
-            --include="${SOURCE_DIR}"
+            --include="${AIDLROOT}"
             --dep="${GEN_SOURCE}.d"
             --out="${GEN_DIR}"
             --header_out="${GEN_DIR}/include"
             --ninja
             --structured
             --min_sdk_version=current
+            ${STABILITY_FLAG}
             ${AIDLFLAGS}
-            "${SOURCE_ABSOLUTE}"
+            "${SOURCE_FULL}"
         )
         list(APPEND GEN_SOURCES "${GEN_SOURCE}")
     endforeach()
@@ -39,9 +55,14 @@
     target_include_directories(${NAME}
         PUBLIC
         "${GEN_DIR}/include"
-        "${ANDROID_BUILD_TOP}/frameworks/native/libs/binder/ndk/include_${LANG}"
     )
+
+    if (${LANG} MATCHES "ndk")
+        set(BINDER_LIB_NAME "libbinder_ndk_sdk")
+    else()
+        set(BINDER_LIB_NAME "libbinder_sdk")
+    endif()
     target_link_libraries(${NAME}
-        libbinder_sdk
+        ${BINDER_LIB_NAME}
     )
 endfunction()
diff --git a/cc/cmake_module_aidl.txt b/cc/cmake_module_aidl.txt
index 4509a88..84755a3 100644
--- a/cc/cmake_module_aidl.txt
+++ b/cc/cmake_module_aidl.txt
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 # <<.M.Name>>
 
-<<setList .M.Name "_SRCS" "${ANDROID_BUILD_TOP}/" (getCompilerProperties .M).AidlInterface.Sources>>
+<<setList .M.Name "_SRCS" "" (getAidlSources .M)>>
 
 <<setList .M.Name "_AIDLFLAGS" "" (getCompilerProperties .M).AidlInterface.Flags>>
 
-add_aidl_library(<<.M.Name>> <<(getCompilerProperties .M).AidlInterface.Lang>> "${<<.M.Name>>_SRCS}" "${<<.M.Name>>_AIDLFLAGS}")
+add_aidl_library(<<.M.Name>> <<(getCompilerProperties .M).AidlInterface.Lang>>
+    "${ANDROID_BUILD_TOP}/<<.Ctx.OtherModuleDir .M>>/<<(getCompilerProperties .M).AidlInterface.AidlRoot>>"
+    "${<<.M.Name>>_SRCS}"
+    "${<<.M.Name>>_AIDLFLAGS}")
 add_library(android::<<.M.Name>> ALIAS <<.M.Name>>)
diff --git a/cc/cmake_module_cc.txt b/cc/cmake_module_cc.txt
index 571f27c..488e5e1 100644
--- a/cc/cmake_module_cc.txt
+++ b/cc/cmake_module_cc.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <<$srcs := getSources .M>>
 <<$includeDirs := getIncludeDirs .Ctx .M>>
 <<$cflags := (getCompilerProperties .M).Cflags>>
-<<$deps := mapLibraries (concat5
+<<$deps := mapLibraries .Ctx .M (concat5
 (getLinkerProperties .M).Whole_static_libs
 (getLinkerProperties .M).Static_libs
 (getLinkerProperties .M).Shared_libs
diff --git a/cc/cmake_snapshot.go b/cc/cmake_snapshot.go
index 0635a29..c21a46f 100644
--- a/cc/cmake_snapshot.go
+++ b/cc/cmake_snapshot.go
@@ -192,13 +192,16 @@
 		},
 		"getExtraLibs":   getExtraLibs,
 		"getIncludeDirs": getIncludeDirs,
-		"mapLibraries": func(libs []string, mapping map[string]LibraryMappingProperty) []string {
+		"mapLibraries": func(ctx android.ModuleContext, m *Module, libs []string, mapping map[string]LibraryMappingProperty) []string {
 			var mappedLibs []string
 			for _, lib := range libs {
 				mappedLib, exists := mapping[lib]
 				if exists {
 					lib = mappedLib.Mapped_name
 				} else {
+					if !ctx.OtherModuleExists(lib) {
+						ctx.OtherModuleErrorf(m, "Dependency %s doesn't exist", lib)
+					}
 					lib = "android::" + lib
 				}
 				if lib == "" {
@@ -210,6 +213,21 @@
 			mappedLibs = slices.Compact(mappedLibs)
 			return mappedLibs
 		},
+		"getAidlSources": func(m *Module) []string {
+			aidlInterface := m.compiler.baseCompilerProps().AidlInterface
+			aidlRoot := aidlInterface.AidlRoot + string(filepath.Separator)
+			if aidlInterface.AidlRoot == "" {
+				aidlRoot = ""
+			}
+			var sources []string
+			for _, src := range aidlInterface.Sources {
+				if !strings.HasPrefix(src, aidlRoot) {
+					panic(fmt.Sprintf("Aidl source '%v' doesn't start with '%v'", src, aidlRoot))
+				}
+				sources = append(sources, src[len(aidlRoot):])
+			}
+			return sources
+		},
 	}
 
 	return template.Must(template.New("").Delims("<<", ">>").Funcs(funcMap).Parse(templateContents))
@@ -282,14 +300,14 @@
 	var pregeneratedModules []*Module
 	ctx.WalkDeps(func(dep_a android.Module, parent android.Module) bool {
 		moduleName := ctx.OtherModuleName(dep_a)
-		dep, ok := dep_a.(*Module)
-		if !ok {
-			return false // not a cc module
-		}
 		if visited := visitedModules[moduleName]; visited {
 			return false // visit only once
 		}
 		visitedModules[moduleName] = true
+		dep, ok := dep_a.(*Module)
+		if !ok {
+			return false // not a cc module
+		}
 		if mapping, ok := pprop.LibraryMapping[moduleName]; ok {
 			if mapping.Package_pregenerated != "" {
 				pregeneratedModules = append(pregeneratedModules, dep)
diff --git a/cc/compiler.go b/cc/compiler.go
index aee584d..21b8f2e 100644
--- a/cc/compiler.go
+++ b/cc/compiler.go
@@ -147,6 +147,9 @@
 		// list of aidl_interface sources
 		Sources []string `blueprint:"mutated"`
 
+		// root directory of AIDL sources
+		AidlRoot string `blueprint:"mutated"`
+
 		// AIDL backend language (e.g. "cpp", "ndk")
 		Lang string `blueprint:"mutated"`
 
@@ -789,6 +792,9 @@
 	// be added to the include path using -I
 	Local_include_dirs []string `android:"arch_variant,variant_prepend"`
 
+	// list of Rust static libraries.
+	Static_rlibs []string `android:"arch_variant,variant_prepend"`
+
 	// list of static libraries that provide headers for this binding.
 	Static_libs []string `android:"arch_variant,variant_prepend"`
 
diff --git a/cc/fuzz.go b/cc/fuzz.go
index b3e6639..164ec99 100644
--- a/cc/fuzz.go
+++ b/cc/fuzz.go
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@
 	ctx.WalkDeps(func(child, parent android.Module) bool {
 
 		// If this is a Rust module which is not rust_ffi_shared, we still want to bundle any transitive
-		// shared dependencies (even for rust_ffi_static)
+		// shared dependencies (even for rust_ffi_rlib or rust_ffi_static)
 		if rustmod, ok := child.(LinkableInterface); ok && rustmod.RustLibraryInterface() && !rustmod.Shared() {
 			if recursed[ctx.OtherModuleName(child)] {
 				return false
diff --git a/cc/library.go b/cc/library.go
index 895b199..cc8fafe 100644
--- a/cc/library.go
+++ b/cc/library.go
@@ -274,11 +274,12 @@
 type flagExporter struct {
 	Properties FlagExporterProperties
 
-	dirs       android.Paths // Include directories to be included with -I
-	systemDirs android.Paths // System include directories to be included with -isystem
-	flags      []string      // Exported raw flags.
-	deps       android.Paths
-	headers    android.Paths
+	dirs         android.Paths // Include directories to be included with -I
+	systemDirs   android.Paths // System include directories to be included with -isystem
+	flags        []string      // Exported raw flags.
+	deps         android.Paths
+	headers      android.Paths
+	rustRlibDeps []RustRlibDep
 }
 
 // exportedIncludes returns the effective include paths for this module and
@@ -339,6 +340,10 @@
 	f.deps = append(f.deps, deps...)
 }
 
+func (f *flagExporter) reexportRustStaticDeps(deps ...RustRlibDep) {
+	f.rustRlibDeps = append(f.rustRlibDeps, deps...)
+}
+
 // addExportedGeneratedHeaders does nothing but collects generated header files.
 // This can be differ to exportedDeps which may contain phony files to minimize ninja.
 func (f *flagExporter) addExportedGeneratedHeaders(headers ...android.Path) {
@@ -356,6 +361,8 @@
 		// Used sparingly, for extra files that need to be explicitly exported to dependers,
 		// or for phony files to minimize ninja.
 		Deps: f.deps,
+		// Used for exporting rlib deps of static libraries to dependents.
+		RustRlibDeps: f.rustRlibDeps,
 		// For exported generated headers, such as exported aidl headers, proto headers, or
 		// sysprop headers.
 		GeneratedHeaders: f.headers,
@@ -1132,9 +1139,14 @@
 	linkerDeps = append(linkerDeps, deps.EarlySharedLibsDeps...)
 	linkerDeps = append(linkerDeps, deps.SharedLibsDeps...)
 	linkerDeps = append(linkerDeps, deps.LateSharedLibsDeps...)
+
+	if generatedLib := generateRustStaticlib(ctx, deps.RustRlibDeps); generatedLib != nil {
+		deps.StaticLibs = append(deps.StaticLibs, generatedLib)
+	}
+
 	transformObjToDynamicBinary(ctx, objs.objFiles, sharedLibs,
-		deps.StaticLibs, deps.LateStaticLibs, deps.WholeStaticLibs,
-		linkerDeps, deps.CrtBegin, deps.CrtEnd, false, builderFlags, outputFile, implicitOutputs, objs.tidyDepFiles)
+		deps.StaticLibs, deps.LateStaticLibs, deps.WholeStaticLibs, linkerDeps, deps.CrtBegin,
+		deps.CrtEnd, false, builderFlags, outputFile, implicitOutputs, objs.tidyDepFiles)
 
 	objs.coverageFiles = append(objs.coverageFiles, deps.StaticLibObjs.coverageFiles...)
 	objs.coverageFiles = append(objs.coverageFiles, deps.WholeStaticLibObjs.coverageFiles...)
@@ -1598,6 +1610,10 @@
 	library.reexportDeps(deps.ReexportedDeps...)
 	library.addExportedGeneratedHeaders(deps.ReexportedGeneratedHeaders...)
 
+	if library.static() && len(deps.ReexportedRustRlibDeps) > 0 {
+		library.reexportRustStaticDeps(deps.ReexportedRustRlibDeps...)
+	}
+
 	// Optionally export aidl headers.
 	if Bool(library.Properties.Aidl.Export_aidl_headers) {
 		if library.baseCompiler.hasAidl(deps) {
@@ -2125,14 +2141,12 @@
 			// Header only
 		}
 
-	} else if library, ok := mctx.Module().(LinkableInterface); ok && library.CcLibraryInterface() {
-
+	} else if library, ok := mctx.Module().(LinkableInterface); ok && (library.CcLibraryInterface() || library.RustLibraryInterface()) {
 		// Non-cc.Modules may need an empty variant for their mutators.
 		variations := []string{}
 		if library.NonCcVariants() {
 			variations = append(variations, "")
 		}
-
 		isLLNDK := false
 		if m, ok := mctx.Module().(*Module); ok {
 			isLLNDK = m.IsLlndk()
diff --git a/cc/linkable.go b/cc/linkable.go
index 10cc38f..5579aae 100644
--- a/cc/linkable.go
+++ b/cc/linkable.go
@@ -73,6 +73,12 @@
 	// RustLibraryInterface returns true if this is a Rust library module
 	RustLibraryInterface() bool
 
+	// CrateName returns the crateName for a Rust library, panics if not a Rust library.
+	CrateName() string
+
+	// DepFlags returns a slice of Rustc string flags, panics if not a Rust library
+	ExportedCrateLinkDirs() []string
+
 	// BaseModuleName returns the android.ModuleBase.BaseModuleName() value for this module.
 	BaseModuleName() string
 
@@ -380,6 +386,7 @@
 	SystemIncludeDirs android.Paths // System include directories to be included with -isystem
 	Flags             []string      // Exported raw flags.
 	Deps              android.Paths
+	RustRlibDeps      []RustRlibDep
 	GeneratedHeaders  android.Paths
 }
 
diff --git a/cc/linker.go b/cc/linker.go
index 1d0f205..f325c12 100644
--- a/cc/linker.go
+++ b/cc/linker.go
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@
 	// the dependency's .a file will be linked into this module using -Wl,--whole-archive.
 	Whole_static_libs []string `android:"arch_variant,variant_prepend"`
 
+	// list of Rust libs that should be statically linked into this module.
+	Static_rlibs []string `android:"arch_variant"`
+
 	// list of modules that should be statically linked into this module.
 	Static_libs []string `android:"arch_variant,variant_prepend"`
 
@@ -116,10 +119,14 @@
 			// product variant of the C/C++ module.
 			Static_libs []string
 
-			// list of ehader libs that only should be used to build vendor or product
+			// list of header libs that only should be used to build vendor or product
 			// variant of the C/C++ module.
 			Header_libs []string
 
+			// list of Rust libs that should be statically linked to build vendor or product
+			// variant.
+			Static_rlibs []string
+
 			// list of shared libs that should not be used to build vendor or
 			// product variant of the C/C++ module.
 			Exclude_shared_libs []string
@@ -148,6 +155,10 @@
 			// variant of the C/C++ module.
 			Static_libs []string
 
+			// list of Rust libs that should be statically linked to build the recovery
+			// variant.
+			Static_rlibs []string
+
 			// list of shared libs that should not be used to build
 			// the recovery variant of the C/C++ module.
 			Exclude_shared_libs []string
@@ -165,10 +176,14 @@
 			Exclude_runtime_libs []string
 		}
 		Ramdisk struct {
-			// list of static libs that only should be used to build the recovery
+			// list of static libs that only should be used to build the ramdisk
 			// variant of the C/C++ module.
 			Static_libs []string
 
+			// list of Rust libs that should be statically linked to build the ramdisk
+			// variant.
+			Static_rlibs []string
+
 			// list of shared libs that should not be used to build
 			// the ramdisk variant of the C/C++ module.
 			Exclude_shared_libs []string
@@ -183,9 +198,13 @@
 		}
 		Vendor_ramdisk struct {
 			// list of shared libs that should not be used to build
-			// the recovery variant of the C/C++ module.
+			// the vendor ramdisk variant of the C/C++ module.
 			Exclude_shared_libs []string
 
+			// list of Rust libs that should be statically linked to build the vendor ramdisk
+			// variant.
+			Static_rlibs []string
+
 			// list of static libs that should not be used to build
 			// the vendor ramdisk variant of the C/C++ module.
 			Exclude_static_libs []string
@@ -201,6 +220,10 @@
 			// variants.
 			Shared_libs []string
 
+			// list of Rust libs that should be statically linked to build the vendor ramdisk
+			// variant.
+			Static_rlibs []string
+
 			// list of ehader libs that only should be used to build platform variant of
 			// the C/C++ module.
 			Header_libs []string
@@ -295,6 +318,7 @@
 	deps.WholeStaticLibs = append(deps.WholeStaticLibs, linker.Properties.Whole_static_libs...)
 	deps.HeaderLibs = append(deps.HeaderLibs, linker.Properties.Header_libs...)
 	deps.StaticLibs = append(deps.StaticLibs, linker.Properties.Static_libs...)
+	deps.Rlibs = append(deps.Rlibs, linker.Properties.Static_rlibs...)
 	deps.SharedLibs = append(deps.SharedLibs, linker.Properties.Shared_libs...)
 	deps.RuntimeLibs = append(deps.RuntimeLibs, linker.Properties.Runtime_libs...)
 
@@ -338,6 +362,7 @@
 		deps.ReexportStaticLibHeaders = removeListFromList(deps.ReexportStaticLibHeaders, linker.Properties.Target.Vendor.Exclude_static_libs)
 		deps.WholeStaticLibs = removeListFromList(deps.WholeStaticLibs, linker.Properties.Target.Vendor.Exclude_static_libs)
 		deps.RuntimeLibs = removeListFromList(deps.RuntimeLibs, linker.Properties.Target.Vendor.Exclude_runtime_libs)
+		deps.Rlibs = append(deps.Rlibs, linker.Properties.Target.Vendor.Static_rlibs...)
 	}
 
 	if ctx.inProduct() {
@@ -351,6 +376,7 @@
 		deps.ReexportStaticLibHeaders = removeListFromList(deps.ReexportStaticLibHeaders, linker.Properties.Target.Product.Exclude_static_libs)
 		deps.WholeStaticLibs = removeListFromList(deps.WholeStaticLibs, linker.Properties.Target.Product.Exclude_static_libs)
 		deps.RuntimeLibs = removeListFromList(deps.RuntimeLibs, linker.Properties.Target.Product.Exclude_runtime_libs)
+		deps.Rlibs = append(deps.Rlibs, linker.Properties.Target.Product.Static_rlibs...)
 	}
 
 	if ctx.inRecovery() {
@@ -364,6 +390,7 @@
 		deps.ReexportStaticLibHeaders = removeListFromList(deps.ReexportStaticLibHeaders, linker.Properties.Target.Recovery.Exclude_static_libs)
 		deps.WholeStaticLibs = removeListFromList(deps.WholeStaticLibs, linker.Properties.Target.Recovery.Exclude_static_libs)
 		deps.RuntimeLibs = removeListFromList(deps.RuntimeLibs, linker.Properties.Target.Recovery.Exclude_runtime_libs)
+		deps.Rlibs = append(deps.Rlibs, linker.Properties.Target.Recovery.Static_rlibs...)
 	}
 
 	if ctx.inRamdisk() {
@@ -374,6 +401,7 @@
 		deps.ReexportStaticLibHeaders = removeListFromList(deps.ReexportStaticLibHeaders, linker.Properties.Target.Ramdisk.Exclude_static_libs)
 		deps.WholeStaticLibs = removeListFromList(deps.WholeStaticLibs, linker.Properties.Target.Ramdisk.Exclude_static_libs)
 		deps.RuntimeLibs = removeListFromList(deps.RuntimeLibs, linker.Properties.Target.Ramdisk.Exclude_runtime_libs)
+		deps.Rlibs = append(deps.Rlibs, linker.Properties.Target.Ramdisk.Static_rlibs...)
 	}
 
 	if ctx.inVendorRamdisk() {
@@ -383,6 +411,7 @@
 		deps.ReexportStaticLibHeaders = removeListFromList(deps.ReexportStaticLibHeaders, linker.Properties.Target.Vendor_ramdisk.Exclude_static_libs)
 		deps.WholeStaticLibs = removeListFromList(deps.WholeStaticLibs, linker.Properties.Target.Vendor_ramdisk.Exclude_static_libs)
 		deps.RuntimeLibs = removeListFromList(deps.RuntimeLibs, linker.Properties.Target.Vendor_ramdisk.Exclude_runtime_libs)
+		deps.Rlibs = append(deps.Rlibs, linker.Properties.Target.Vendor_ramdisk.Static_rlibs...)
 	}
 
 	if !ctx.useSdk() {
diff --git a/cc/testing.go b/cc/testing.go
index c3a33cb..989be02 100644
--- a/cc/testing.go
+++ b/cc/testing.go
@@ -300,6 +300,7 @@
 			system_shared_libs: [],
 			stl: "none",
 			vendor_available: true,
+			vendor_ramdisk_available: true,
 			product_available: true,
 			recovery_available: true,
 			host_supported: true,
diff --git a/cmd/release_config/crunch_flags/main.go b/cmd/release_config/crunch_flags/main.go
index cd39ffd..8a80a02 100644
--- a/cmd/release_config/crunch_flags/main.go
+++ b/cmd/release_config/crunch_flags/main.go
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 )
 
 var (
-	// When a flag declaration has an initial value that is a string, the default workflow is PREBUILT.
-	// If the flag name starts with any of prefixes in manualFlagNamePrefixes, it is MANUAL.
+	// When a flag declaration has an initial value that is a string, the default workflow is WorkflowPrebuilt.
+	// If the flag name starts with any of prefixes in manualFlagNamePrefixes, it is WorkflowManual.
 	manualFlagNamePrefixes []string = []string{
 		"RELEASE_ACONFIG_",
 		"RELEASE_PLATFORM_",
@@ -133,8 +133,8 @@
 			Containers:  containers,
 		}
 		description = ""
-		// Most build flags are `workflow: PREBUILT`.
-		workflow := rc_proto.Workflow(rc_proto.Workflow_PREBUILT)
+		// Most build flags are `workflow: WorkflowPrebuilt`.
+		workflow := rc_proto.Workflow(rc_proto.Workflow_WorkflowPrebuilt)
 		switch {
 		case declName == "RELEASE_ACONFIG_VALUE_SETS":
 			if strings.HasPrefix(declValue, "\"") {
@@ -142,21 +142,21 @@
 			}
 			continue
 		case strings.HasPrefix(declValue, "\""):
-			// String values mean that the flag workflow is (most likely) either MANUAL or PREBUILT.
+			// String values mean that the flag workflow is (most likely) either WorkflowManual or WorkflowPrebuilt.
 			declValue = declValue[1 : len(declValue)-1]
 			flagDeclaration.Value = &rc_proto.Value{Val: &rc_proto.Value_StringValue{declValue}}
 			for _, prefix := range manualFlagNamePrefixes {
 				if strings.HasPrefix(declName, prefix) {
-					workflow = rc_proto.Workflow(rc_proto.Workflow_MANUAL)
+					workflow = rc_proto.Workflow(rc_proto.Workflow_WorkflowManual)
 					break
 				}
 			}
 		case declValue == "False" || declValue == "True":
-			// Boolean values are LAUNCH flags.
+			// Boolean values are WorkflowLaunch flags.
 			flagDeclaration.Value = &rc_proto.Value{Val: &rc_proto.Value_BoolValue{declValue == "True"}}
-			workflow = rc_proto.Workflow(rc_proto.Workflow_LAUNCH)
+			workflow = rc_proto.Workflow(rc_proto.Workflow_WorkflowLaunch)
 		case declValue == "None":
-			// Use PREBUILT workflow with no initial value.
+			// Use WorkflowPrebuilt workflow with no initial value.
 		default:
 			fmt.Printf("%s: Unexpected value %s=%s\n", path, declName, declValue)
 		}
diff --git a/cmd/release_config/release_config/main.go b/cmd/release_config/release_config/main.go
index 5432806..0617838 100644
--- a/cmd/release_config/release_config/main.go
+++ b/cmd/release_config/release_config/main.go
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 	flag.BoolVar(&textproto, "textproto", true, "write artifacts as text protobuf")
 	flag.BoolVar(&json, "json", true, "write artifacts as json")
 	flag.BoolVar(&pb, "pb", true, "write artifacts as binary protobuf")
-	flag.BoolVar(&allMake, "all_make", true, "write makefiles for all release configs")
+	flag.BoolVar(&allMake, "all_make", false, "write makefiles for all release configs")
 	flag.BoolVar(&useBuildVar, "use_get_build_var", false, "use get_build_var PRODUCT_RELEASE_CONFIG_MAPS")
 	flag.BoolVar(&guard, "guard", true, "whether to guard with RELEASE_BUILD_FLAGS_IN_PROTOBUF")
 
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
 		panic(err)
 	}
 
-	makefilePath := filepath.Join(outputDir, fmt.Sprintf("release_config-%s-%s.mk", product, targetRelease))
+	makefilePath := filepath.Join(outputDir, fmt.Sprintf("release_config-%s-%s.varmk", product, targetRelease))
 	useProto, ok := config.FlagArtifacts["RELEASE_BUILD_FLAGS_IN_PROTOBUF"]
 	if guard && (!ok || rc_lib.MarshalValue(useProto.Value) == "") {
 		// We were told to guard operation and either we have no build flag, or it is False.
@@ -92,10 +92,10 @@
 	}
 	if allMake {
 		// Write one makefile per release config, using the canonical release name.
-		for k, _ := range configs.ReleaseConfigs {
-			if k != targetRelease {
-				makefilePath = filepath.Join(outputDir, fmt.Sprintf("release_config-%s-%s.mk", product, k))
-				err = configs.WriteMakefile(makefilePath, k)
+		for _, c := range configs.GetSortedReleaseConfigs() {
+			if c.Name != targetRelease {
+				makefilePath = filepath.Join(outputDir, fmt.Sprintf("release_config-%s-%s.varmk", product, c.Name))
+				err = configs.WriteMakefile(makefilePath, c.Name)
 				if err != nil {
 					panic(err)
 				}
diff --git a/cmd/release_config/release_config_lib/release_config.go b/cmd/release_config/release_config_lib/release_config.go
index 8204822..82adc34 100644
--- a/cmd/release_config/release_config_lib/release_config.go
+++ b/cmd/release_config/release_config_lib/release_config.go
@@ -69,6 +69,9 @@
 	// Unmarshalled flag artifacts
 	FlagArtifacts FlagArtifacts
 
+	// The files used by this release config
+	FilesUsedMap map[string]bool
+
 	// Generated release config
 	ReleaseConfigArtifact *rc_proto.ReleaseConfigArtifact
 
@@ -80,10 +83,17 @@
 }
 
 func ReleaseConfigFactory(name string, index int) (c *ReleaseConfig) {
-	return &ReleaseConfig{Name: name, DeclarationIndex: index}
+	return &ReleaseConfig{
+		Name:             name,
+		DeclarationIndex: index,
+		FilesUsedMap:     make(map[string]bool),
+	}
 }
 
 func (config *ReleaseConfig) InheritConfig(iConfig *ReleaseConfig) error {
+	for f := range iConfig.FilesUsedMap {
+		config.FilesUsedMap[f] = true
+	}
 	for _, fa := range iConfig.FlagArtifacts {
 		name := *fa.FlagDeclaration.Name
 		myFa, ok := config.FlagArtifacts[name]
@@ -91,7 +101,8 @@
 			return fmt.Errorf("Could not inherit flag %s from %s", name, iConfig.Name)
 		}
 		if name == "RELEASE_ACONFIG_VALUE_SETS" {
-			if len(fa.Traces) > 0 {
+			// If there is a value assigned, add the trace.
+			if len(fa.Value.GetStringValue()) > 0 {
 				myFa.Traces = append(myFa.Traces, fa.Traces...)
 				myFa.Value = &rc_proto.Value{Val: &rc_proto.Value_StringValue{
 					myFa.Value.GetStringValue() + " " + fa.Value.GetStringValue()}}
@@ -105,6 +116,17 @@
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (config *ReleaseConfig) GetSortedFileList() []string {
+	ret := []string{}
+	for k := range config.FilesUsedMap {
+		ret = append(ret, k)
+	}
+	slices.SortFunc(ret, func(a, b string) int {
+		return cmp.Compare(a, b)
+	})
+	return ret
+}
+
 func (config *ReleaseConfig) GenerateReleaseConfig(configs *ReleaseConfigs) error {
 	if config.ReleaseConfigArtifact != nil {
 		return nil
@@ -144,9 +166,18 @@
 			return err
 		}
 	}
+
+	// If we inherited nothing, then we need to mark the global files as used for this
+	// config.  If we inherited, then we already marked them as part of inheritance.
+	if len(config.InheritNames) == 0 {
+		for f := range configs.FilesUsedMap {
+			config.FilesUsedMap[f] = true
+		}
+	}
+
 	contributionsToApply = append(contributionsToApply, config.Contributions...)
 
-	workflowManual := rc_proto.Workflow(rc_proto.Workflow_MANUAL)
+	workflowManual := rc_proto.Workflow(rc_proto.Workflow_WorkflowManual)
 	myDirsMap := make(map[int]bool)
 	for _, contrib := range contributionsToApply {
 		contribAconfigValueSets := []string{}
@@ -180,8 +211,8 @@
 				return fmt.Errorf("Setting value for flag %s not allowed in %s\n", name, value.path)
 			}
 			if isRoot && *fa.FlagDeclaration.Workflow != workflowManual {
-				// The "root" release config can only contain workflow: MANUAL flags.
-				return fmt.Errorf("Setting value for non-MANUAL flag %s is not allowed in %s", name, value.path)
+				// The "root" release config can only contain workflow: WorkflowManual flags.
+				return fmt.Errorf("Setting value for non-WorkflowManual flag %s is not allowed in %s", name, value.path)
 			}
 			if err := fa.UpdateValue(*value); err != nil {
 				return err
diff --git a/cmd/release_config/release_config_lib/release_configs.go b/cmd/release_config/release_config_lib/release_configs.go
index 2487f2e..65e6d90 100644
--- a/cmd/release_config/release_config_lib/release_configs.go
+++ b/cmd/release_config/release_config_lib/release_configs.go
@@ -67,6 +67,9 @@
 	// Map of directory to *ReleaseConfigMap
 	releaseConfigMapsMap map[string]*ReleaseConfigMap
 
+	// The files used by all release configs
+	FilesUsedMap map[string]bool
+
 	// The list of config directories used.
 	configDirs []string
 
@@ -102,8 +105,9 @@
 		releaseConfigMapsMap: make(map[string]*ReleaseConfigMap),
 		configDirs:           []string{},
 		configDirIndexes:     make(ReleaseConfigDirMap),
+		FilesUsedMap:         make(map[string]bool),
 	}
-	workflowManual := rc_proto.Workflow(rc_proto.Workflow_MANUAL)
+	workflowManual := rc_proto.Workflow(rc_proto.Workflow_WorkflowManual)
 	releaseAconfigValueSets := FlagArtifact{
 		FlagDeclaration: &rc_proto.FlagDeclaration{
 			Name:        proto.String("RELEASE_ACONFIG_VALUE_SETS"),
@@ -120,6 +124,16 @@
 	return &configs
 }
 
+func (configs *ReleaseConfigs) GetSortedReleaseConfigs() (ret []*ReleaseConfig) {
+	for _, config := range configs.ReleaseConfigs {
+		ret = append(ret, config)
+	}
+	slices.SortFunc(ret, func(a, b *ReleaseConfig) int {
+		return cmp.Compare(a.Name, b.Name)
+	})
+	return ret
+}
+
 func ReleaseConfigMapFactory(protoPath string) (m *ReleaseConfigMap) {
 	m = &ReleaseConfigMap{
 		path:                       protoPath,
@@ -170,6 +184,7 @@
 			return fmt.Errorf("Release config map %s has invalid container %s", path, container)
 		}
 	}
+	configs.FilesUsedMap[path] = true
 	dir := filepath.Dir(path)
 	// Record any aliases, checking for duplicates.
 	for _, alias := range m.proto.Aliases {
@@ -216,6 +231,7 @@
 			return fmt.Errorf("Duplicate definition of %s", *flagDeclaration.Name)
 		}
 		// Set the initial value in the flag artifact.
+		configs.FilesUsedMap[path] = true
 		configs.FlagArtifacts[name].UpdateValue(
 			FlagValue{path: path, proto: rc_proto.FlagValue{
 				Name: proto.String(name), Value: flagDeclaration.Value}})
@@ -239,6 +255,7 @@
 			configs.ReleaseConfigs[name] = ReleaseConfigFactory(name, ConfigDirIndex)
 		}
 		config := configs.ReleaseConfigs[name]
+		config.FilesUsedMap[path] = true
 		config.InheritNames = append(config.InheritNames, releaseConfigContribution.proto.Inherits...)
 
 		// Only walk flag_values/{RELEASE} for defined releases.
@@ -250,6 +267,7 @@
 			if *flagValue.proto.Name == "RELEASE_ACONFIG_VALUE_SETS" {
 				return fmt.Errorf("%s: %s is a reserved build flag", path, *flagValue.proto.Name)
 			}
+			config.FilesUsedMap[path] = true
 			releaseConfigContribution.FlagValues = append(releaseConfigContribution.FlagValues, flagValue)
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -283,9 +301,7 @@
 	return nil, fmt.Errorf("Missing config %s.  Trace=%v", name, trace)
 }
 
-// Write the makefile for this targetRelease.
-func (configs *ReleaseConfigs) WriteMakefile(outFile, targetRelease string) error {
-	makeVars := make(map[string]string)
+func (configs *ReleaseConfigs) GetAllReleaseNames() []string {
 	var allReleaseNames []string
 	for _, v := range configs.ReleaseConfigs {
 		allReleaseNames = append(allReleaseNames, v.Name)
@@ -294,6 +310,12 @@
 	slices.SortFunc(allReleaseNames, func(a, b string) int {
 		return cmp.Compare(a, b)
 	})
+	return allReleaseNames
+}
+
+// Write the makefile for this targetRelease.
+func (configs *ReleaseConfigs) WriteMakefile(outFile, targetRelease string) error {
+	makeVars := make(map[string]string)
 	config, err := configs.GetReleaseConfig(targetRelease)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -356,7 +378,8 @@
 		data += fmt.Sprintf("# User specified TARGET_RELEASE=%s\n", targetRelease)
 	}
 	// The variable _all_release_configs will get deleted during processing, so do not mark it read-only.
-	data += fmt.Sprintf("_all_release_configs := %s\n", strings.Join(allReleaseNames, " "))
+	data += fmt.Sprintf("_all_release_configs := %s\n", strings.Join(configs.GetAllReleaseNames(), " "))
+	data += fmt.Sprintf("_used_files := %s\n", strings.Join(config.GetSortedFileList(), " "))
 	data += fmt.Sprintf("_ALL_RELEASE_FLAGS :=$= %s\n", strings.Join(names, " "))
 	for _, pName := range pNames {
 		data += fmt.Sprintf("_ALL_RELEASE_FLAGS.PARTITIONS.%s :=$= %s\n", pName, strings.Join(partitions[pName], " "))
@@ -388,8 +411,9 @@
 		configs.ReleaseConfigs[name].OtherNames = aliases
 	}
 
-	for _, config := range configs.ReleaseConfigs {
-		err := config.GenerateReleaseConfig(configs)
+	sortedReleaseConfigs := configs.GetSortedReleaseConfigs()
+	for _, c := range sortedReleaseConfigs {
+		err := c.GenerateReleaseConfig(configs)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -399,17 +423,16 @@
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	orc := []*rc_proto.ReleaseConfigArtifact{}
+	for _, c := range sortedReleaseConfigs {
+		if c.Name != releaseConfig.Name {
+			orc = append(orc, c.ReleaseConfigArtifact)
+		}
+	}
+
 	configs.Artifact = rc_proto.ReleaseConfigsArtifact{
-		ReleaseConfig: releaseConfig.ReleaseConfigArtifact,
-		OtherReleaseConfigs: func() []*rc_proto.ReleaseConfigArtifact {
-			orc := []*rc_proto.ReleaseConfigArtifact{}
-			for name, config := range configs.ReleaseConfigs {
-				if name != releaseConfig.Name {
-					orc = append(orc, config.ReleaseConfigArtifact)
-				}
-			}
-			return orc
-		}(),
+		ReleaseConfig:       releaseConfig.ReleaseConfigArtifact,
+		OtherReleaseConfigs: orc,
 		ReleaseConfigMapsMap: func() map[string]*rc_proto.ReleaseConfigMap {
 			ret := make(map[string]*rc_proto.ReleaseConfigMap)
 			for k, v := range configs.releaseConfigMapsMap {
@@ -439,7 +462,8 @@
 
 	configs := ReleaseConfigsFactory()
 	mapsRead := make(map[string]bool)
-	for idx, releaseConfigMapPath := range releaseConfigMapPaths {
+	var idx int
+	for _, releaseConfigMapPath := range releaseConfigMapPaths {
 		// Maintain an ordered list of release config directories.
 		configDir := filepath.Dir(releaseConfigMapPath)
 		if mapsRead[configDir] {
@@ -454,6 +478,7 @@
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
+		idx += 1
 	}
 
 	// Now that we have all of the release config maps, can meld them and generate the artifacts.
diff --git a/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_out.pb.go b/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_out.pb.go
index 483cffa..8fa75aa 100644
--- a/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_out.pb.go
+++ b/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_out.pb.go
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.30.0
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.33.0
 // 	protoc        v3.21.12
 // source: build_flags_out.proto
 
diff --git a/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_src.pb.go b/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_src.pb.go
index dded975..c52a238 100644
--- a/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_src.pb.go
+++ b/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_src.pb.go
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.30.0
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.33.0
 // 	protoc        v3.21.12
 // source: build_flags_src.proto
 
@@ -34,30 +34,30 @@
 type Workflow int32
 
 const (
-	Workflow_UNSPECIFIED_workflow Workflow = 0
+	Workflow_WorkflowUnspecified Workflow = 0
 	// Boolean value flags that progress from false to true.
-	Workflow_LAUNCH Workflow = 1
+	Workflow_WorkflowLaunch Workflow = 1
 	// String value flags that get updated with new version strings to control
 	// prebuilt inclusion.
-	Workflow_PREBUILT Workflow = 2
+	Workflow_WorkflowPrebuilt Workflow = 2
 	// Manually managed outside flags.  These are likely to be found in a
 	// different directory than flags with other workflows.
-	Workflow_MANUAL Workflow = 3
+	Workflow_WorkflowManual Workflow = 3
 )
 
 // Enum value maps for Workflow.
 var (
 	Workflow_name = map[int32]string{
-		0: "UNSPECIFIED_workflow",
-		1: "LAUNCH",
-		2: "PREBUILT",
-		3: "MANUAL",
+		0: "WorkflowUnspecified",
+		1: "WorkflowLaunch",
+		2: "WorkflowPrebuilt",
+		3: "WorkflowManual",
 	}
 	Workflow_value = map[string]int32{
-		"UNSPECIFIED_workflow": 0,
-		"LAUNCH":               1,
-		"PREBUILT":             2,
-		"MANUAL":               3,
+		"WorkflowUnspecified": 0,
+		"WorkflowLaunch":      1,
+		"WorkflowPrebuilt":    2,
+		"WorkflowManual":      3,
 	}
 )
 
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@
 	if x != nil && x.Workflow != nil {
 		return *x.Workflow
 	}
-	return Workflow_UNSPECIFIED_workflow
+	return Workflow_WorkflowUnspecified
 }
 
 func (x *FlagDeclaration) GetContainers() []string {
@@ -642,15 +642,17 @@
 	0x52, 0x0b, 0x64, 0x65, 0x73, 0x63, 0x72, 0x69, 0x70, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x12, 0x2d, 0x0a,
 	0x12, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x61, 0x75, 0x6c, 0x74, 0x5f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6e,
 	0x65, 0x72, 0x73, 0x18, 0x03, 0x20, 0x03, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x11, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x61, 0x75,
-	0x6c, 0x74, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x72, 0x73, 0x2a, 0x4a, 0x0a, 0x08,
-	0x77, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6b, 0x66, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x77, 0x12, 0x18, 0x0a, 0x14, 0x55, 0x4e, 0x53, 0x50,
-	0x45, 0x43, 0x49, 0x46, 0x49, 0x45, 0x44, 0x5f, 0x77, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6b, 0x66, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x77,
-	0x10, 0x00, 0x12, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x06, 0x4c, 0x41, 0x55, 0x4e, 0x43, 0x48, 0x10, 0x01, 0x12, 0x0c,
-	0x0a, 0x08, 0x50, 0x52, 0x45, 0x42, 0x55, 0x49, 0x4c, 0x54, 0x10, 0x02, 0x12, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x06,
-	0x4d, 0x41, 0x4e, 0x55, 0x41, 0x4c, 0x10, 0x03, 0x42, 0x33, 0x5a, 0x31, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x72,
-	0x6f, 0x69, 0x64, 0x2f, 0x73, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x2f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73,
-	0x65, 0x5f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x2f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65,
-	0x5f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x5f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f,
+	0x6c, 0x74, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x72, 0x73, 0x2a, 0x61, 0x0a, 0x08,
+	0x77, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6b, 0x66, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x77, 0x12, 0x17, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x57, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6b,
+	0x66, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x77, 0x55, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x70, 0x65, 0x63, 0x69, 0x66, 0x69, 0x65, 0x64, 0x10,
+	0x00, 0x12, 0x12, 0x0a, 0x0e, 0x57, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6b, 0x66, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x77, 0x4c, 0x61, 0x75,
+	0x6e, 0x63, 0x68, 0x10, 0x01, 0x12, 0x14, 0x0a, 0x10, 0x57, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6b, 0x66, 0x6c, 0x6f,
+	0x77, 0x50, 0x72, 0x65, 0x62, 0x75, 0x69, 0x6c, 0x74, 0x10, 0x02, 0x12, 0x12, 0x0a, 0x0e, 0x57,
+	0x6f, 0x72, 0x6b, 0x66, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x77, 0x4d, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x75, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x10, 0x03, 0x42,
+	0x33, 0x5a, 0x31, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x69, 0x64, 0x2f, 0x73, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x67,
+	0x2f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x5f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x2f,
+	0x72, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x5f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x5f, 0x70,
+	0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f,
 }
 
 var (
diff --git a/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_src.proto b/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_src.proto
index 0ef1a5f..81c6ae3 100644
--- a/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_src.proto
+++ b/cmd/release_config/release_config_proto/build_flags_src.proto
@@ -39,18 +39,18 @@
 //      com.android.1mypackage are invalid
 
 enum workflow {
-  UNSPECIFIED_workflow = 0;
+  WorkflowUnspecified = 0;
 
   // Boolean value flags that progress from false to true.
-  LAUNCH = 1;
+  WorkflowLaunch = 1;
 
   // String value flags that get updated with new version strings to control
   // prebuilt inclusion.
-  PREBUILT = 2;
+  WorkflowPrebuilt = 2;
 
   // Manually managed outside flags.  These are likely to be found in a
   // different directory than flags with other workflows.
-  MANUAL = 3;
+  WorkflowManual = 3;
 }
 
 message value {
diff --git a/etc/prebuilt_etc.go b/etc/prebuilt_etc.go
index 6ab3b88..e168edc 100644
--- a/etc/prebuilt_etc.go
+++ b/etc/prebuilt_etc.go
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("prebuilt_usr_keychars", PrebuiltUserKeyCharsFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("prebuilt_usr_idc", PrebuiltUserIdcFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("prebuilt_font", PrebuiltFontFactory)
+	ctx.RegisterModuleType("prebuilt_overlay", PrebuiltOverlayFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("prebuilt_firmware", PrebuiltFirmwareFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("prebuilt_dsp", PrebuiltDSPFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("prebuilt_rfsa", PrebuiltRFSAFactory)
@@ -650,6 +651,15 @@
 	return module
 }
 
+// prebuilt_overlay is for a prebuilt artifact in <partition>/overlay directory.
+func PrebuiltOverlayFactory() android.Module {
+	module := &PrebuiltEtc{}
+	InitPrebuiltEtcModule(module, "overlay")
+	// This module is device-only
+	android.InitAndroidArchModule(module, android.DeviceSupported, android.MultilibFirst)
+	return module
+}
+
 // prebuilt_firmware installs a firmware file to <partition>/etc/firmware directory for system
 // image.
 // If soc_specific property is set to true, the firmware file is installed to the
diff --git a/etc/prebuilt_etc_test.go b/etc/prebuilt_etc_test.go
index 3ee2340..c44574a 100644
--- a/etc/prebuilt_etc_test.go
+++ b/etc/prebuilt_etc_test.go
@@ -342,6 +342,19 @@
 	android.AssertPathRelativeToTopEquals(t, "install dir", expected, p.installDirPath)
 }
 
+func TestPrebuiltOverlayInstallDirPath(t *testing.T) {
+	result := prepareForPrebuiltEtcTest.RunTestWithBp(t, `
+		prebuilt_overlay {
+			name: "foo.conf",
+			src: "foo.conf",
+		}
+	`)
+
+	p := result.Module("foo.conf", "android_arm64_armv8-a").(*PrebuiltEtc)
+	expected := "out/soong/target/product/test_device/system/overlay"
+	android.AssertPathRelativeToTopEquals(t, "install dir", expected, p.installDirPath)
+}
+
 func TestPrebuiltFirmwareDirPath(t *testing.T) {
 	targetPath := "out/soong/target/product/test_device"
 	tests := []struct {
diff --git a/filesystem/aconfig_files.go b/filesystem/aconfig_files.go
index 44de202..8daee85 100644
--- a/filesystem/aconfig_files.go
+++ b/filesystem/aconfig_files.go
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 	"github.com/google/blueprint/proptools"
 )
 
-func (f *filesystem) buildAconfigFlagsFiles(ctx android.ModuleContext, builder *android.RuleBuilder, specs map[string]android.PackagingSpec, dir android.Path) {
+func (f *filesystem) buildAconfigFlagsFiles(ctx android.ModuleContext, builder *android.RuleBuilder, specs map[string]android.PackagingSpec, dir android.OutputPath) {
 	if !proptools.Bool(f.properties.Gen_aconfig_flags_pb) {
 		return
 	}
@@ -31,15 +31,6 @@
 	aconfigToolPath := ctx.Config().HostToolPath(ctx, "aconfig")
 	cmd := builder.Command().Tool(aconfigFlagsBuilderPath).Implicit(aconfigToolPath)
 
-	installAconfigFlags := filepath.Join(dir.String(), "etc", "aconfig_flags_"+f.partitionName()+".pb")
-
-	var sb strings.Builder
-	sb.WriteString("set -e\n")
-	sb.WriteString(aconfigToolPath.String())
-	sb.WriteString(" dump-cache --dedup --format protobuf --out ")
-	sb.WriteString(installAconfigFlags)
-	sb.WriteString(" \\\n")
-
 	var caches []string
 	for _, ps := range specs {
 		cmd.Implicits(ps.GetAconfigPaths())
@@ -47,12 +38,45 @@
 	}
 	caches = android.SortedUniqueStrings(caches)
 
+	var sbCaches strings.Builder
 	for _, cache := range caches {
-		sb.WriteString("  --cache ")
-		sb.WriteString(cache)
-		sb.WriteString(" \\\n")
+		sbCaches.WriteString("  --cache ")
+		sbCaches.WriteString(cache)
+		sbCaches.WriteString(" \\\n")
 	}
+	sbCaches.WriteRune('\n')
+
+	var sb strings.Builder
+	sb.WriteString("set -e\n")
+
+	installAconfigFlagsPath := dir.Join(ctx, "etc", "aconfig_flags.pb")
+	sb.WriteString(aconfigToolPath.String())
+	sb.WriteString(" dump-cache --dedup --format protobuf --out ")
+	sb.WriteString(installAconfigFlagsPath.String())
+	sb.WriteString(" \\\n")
+	sb.WriteString(sbCaches.String())
+	cmd.ImplicitOutput(installAconfigFlagsPath)
+
+	installAconfigStorageDir := dir.Join(ctx, "etc", "aconfig")
+	sb.WriteString("mkdir -p ")
+	sb.WriteString(installAconfigStorageDir.String())
 	sb.WriteRune('\n')
 
+	generatePartitionAconfigStorageFile := func(fileType, fileName string) {
+		sb.WriteString(aconfigToolPath.String())
+		sb.WriteString(" create-storage --container ")
+		sb.WriteString(f.PartitionType())
+		sb.WriteString(" --file ")
+		sb.WriteString(fileType)
+		sb.WriteString(" --out ")
+		sb.WriteString(filepath.Join(installAconfigStorageDir.String(), fileName))
+		sb.WriteString(" \\\n")
+		sb.WriteString(sbCaches.String())
+		cmd.ImplicitOutput(installAconfigStorageDir.Join(ctx, fileName))
+	}
+	generatePartitionAconfigStorageFile("package_map", "package.map")
+	generatePartitionAconfigStorageFile("flag_map", "flag.map")
+	generatePartitionAconfigStorageFile("flag_val", "flag.val")
+
 	android.WriteExecutableFileRuleVerbatim(ctx, aconfigFlagsBuilderPath, sb.String())
 }
diff --git a/filesystem/filesystem.go b/filesystem/filesystem.go
index d8a00e2..8b71e85 100644
--- a/filesystem/filesystem.go
+++ b/filesystem/filesystem.go
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@
 func initFilesystemModule(module *filesystem) {
 	module.AddProperties(&module.properties)
 	android.InitPackageModule(module)
+	module.PackagingBase.DepsCollectFirstTargetOnly = true
 	android.InitAndroidMultiTargetsArchModule(module, android.DeviceSupported, android.MultilibCommon)
 	android.InitDefaultableModule(module)
 }
diff --git a/filesystem/filesystem_test.go b/filesystem/filesystem_test.go
index 861918f..2dc8c21 100644
--- a/filesystem/filesystem_test.go
+++ b/filesystem/filesystem_test.go
@@ -497,3 +497,66 @@
 		android.AssertStringListContains(t, "missing entry", fs.entries, e)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestFilterOutUnsupportedArches(t *testing.T) {
+	result := fixture.RunTestWithBp(t, `
+		android_filesystem {
+			name: "fs_64_only",
+			deps: ["foo"],
+		}
+
+		android_filesystem {
+			name: "fs_64_32",
+			compile_multilib: "both",
+			deps: ["foo"],
+		}
+
+		cc_binary {
+			name: "foo",
+			required: ["phony"],
+		}
+
+		phony {
+			name: "phony",
+			required: [
+				"libbar",
+				"app",
+			],
+		}
+
+		cc_library {
+			name: "libbar",
+		}
+
+		android_app {
+			name: "app",
+			srcs: ["a.java"],
+			platform_apis: true,
+		}
+	`)
+	testcases := []struct {
+		fsName     string
+		expected   []string
+		unexpected []string
+	}{
+		{
+			fsName:     "fs_64_only",
+			expected:   []string{"app/app/app.apk", "bin/foo", "lib64/libbar.so"},
+			unexpected: []string{"lib/libbar.so"},
+		},
+		{
+			fsName:     "fs_64_32",
+			expected:   []string{"app/app/app.apk", "bin/foo", "lib64/libbar.so", "lib/libbar.so"},
+			unexpected: []string{},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, c := range testcases {
+		fs := result.ModuleForTests(c.fsName, "android_common").Module().(*filesystem)
+		for _, e := range c.expected {
+			android.AssertStringListContains(t, "missing entry", fs.entries, e)
+		}
+		for _, e := range c.unexpected {
+			android.AssertStringListDoesNotContain(t, "unexpected entry", fs.entries, e)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/java/androidmk.go b/java/androidmk.go
index 4f740b2..4316074 100644
--- a/java/androidmk.go
+++ b/java/androidmk.go
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"strings"
 
 	"android/soong/android"
 
@@ -413,23 +412,6 @@
 				if app.embeddedJniLibs {
 					jniSymbols := app.JNISymbolsInstalls(app.installPathForJNISymbols.String())
 					entries.SetString("LOCAL_SOONG_JNI_LIBS_SYMBOLS", jniSymbols.String())
-				} else {
-					for _, jniLib := range app.jniLibs {
-						entries.AddStrings("LOCAL_SOONG_JNI_LIBS_"+jniLib.target.Arch.ArchType.String(), jniLib.name)
-						var partitionTag string
-
-						// Mimic the creation of partition_tag in build/make,
-						// which defaults to an empty string when the partition is system.
-						// Otherwise, capitalize with a leading _
-						if jniLib.partition == "system" {
-							partitionTag = ""
-						} else {
-							split := strings.Split(jniLib.partition, "/")
-							partitionTag = "_" + strings.ToUpper(split[len(split)-1])
-						}
-						entries.AddStrings("LOCAL_SOONG_JNI_LIBS_PARTITION_"+jniLib.target.Arch.ArchType.String(),
-							jniLib.name+":"+partitionTag)
-					}
 				}
 
 				if len(app.jniCoverageOutputs) > 0 {
diff --git a/java/androidmk_test.go b/java/androidmk_test.go
index 2978a40..875e06f 100644
--- a/java/androidmk_test.go
+++ b/java/androidmk_test.go
@@ -19,9 +19,6 @@
 	"testing"
 
 	"android/soong/android"
-	"android/soong/cc"
-
-	"github.com/google/blueprint/proptools"
 )
 
 func TestRequired(t *testing.T) {
@@ -255,149 +252,3 @@
 		android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "overrides property", expected.overrides, actual)
 	}
 }
-
-func TestJniPartition(t *testing.T) {
-	bp := `
-		cc_library {
-			name: "libjni_system",
-			system_shared_libs: [],
-			sdk_version: "current",
-			stl: "none",
-		}
-
-		cc_library {
-			name: "libjni_system_ext",
-			system_shared_libs: [],
-			sdk_version: "current",
-			stl: "none",
-			system_ext_specific: true,
-		}
-
-		cc_library {
-			name: "libjni_odm",
-			system_shared_libs: [],
-			sdk_version: "current",
-			stl: "none",
-			device_specific: true,
-		}
-
-		cc_library {
-			name: "libjni_product",
-			system_shared_libs: [],
-			sdk_version: "current",
-			stl: "none",
-			product_specific: true,
-		}
-
-		cc_library {
-			name: "libjni_vendor",
-			system_shared_libs: [],
-			sdk_version: "current",
-			stl: "none",
-			soc_specific: true,
-		}
-
-		android_app {
-			name: "test_app_system_jni_system",
-			privileged: true,
-			platform_apis: true,
-			certificate: "platform",
-			jni_libs: ["libjni_system"],
-		}
-
-		android_app {
-			name: "test_app_system_jni_system_ext",
-			privileged: true,
-			platform_apis: true,
-			certificate: "platform",
-			jni_libs: ["libjni_system_ext"],
-		}
-
-		android_app {
-			name: "test_app_system_ext_jni_system",
-			privileged: true,
-			platform_apis: true,
-			certificate: "platform",
-			jni_libs: ["libjni_system"],
-			system_ext_specific: true
-		}
-
-		android_app {
-			name: "test_app_system_ext_jni_system_ext",
-			sdk_version: "core_platform",
-			jni_libs: ["libjni_system_ext"],
-			system_ext_specific: true
-		}
-
-		android_app {
-			name: "test_app_product_jni_product",
-			sdk_version: "core_platform",
-			jni_libs: ["libjni_product"],
-			product_specific: true
-		}
-
-		android_app {
-			name: "test_app_vendor_jni_odm",
-			sdk_version: "core_platform",
-			jni_libs: ["libjni_odm"],
-			soc_specific: true
-		}
-
-		android_app {
-			name: "test_app_odm_jni_vendor",
-			sdk_version: "core_platform",
-			jni_libs: ["libjni_vendor"],
-			device_specific: true
-		}
-		android_app {
-			name: "test_app_system_jni_multiple",
-			privileged: true,
-			platform_apis: true,
-			certificate: "platform",
-			jni_libs: ["libjni_system", "libjni_system_ext"],
-		}
-		android_app {
-			name: "test_app_vendor_jni_multiple",
-			sdk_version: "core_platform",
-			jni_libs: ["libjni_odm", "libjni_vendor"],
-			soc_specific: true
-		}
-		`
-	arch := "arm64"
-	ctx := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
-		PrepareForTestWithJavaDefaultModules,
-		cc.PrepareForTestWithCcDefaultModules,
-		android.PrepareForTestWithAndroidMk,
-		android.FixtureModifyConfig(func(config android.Config) {
-			config.TestProductVariables.DeviceArch = proptools.StringPtr(arch)
-		}),
-	).
-		RunTestWithBp(t, bp)
-	testCases := []struct {
-		name           string
-		partitionNames []string
-		partitionTags  []string
-	}{
-		{"test_app_system_jni_system", []string{"libjni_system"}, []string{""}},
-		{"test_app_system_jni_system_ext", []string{"libjni_system_ext"}, []string{"_SYSTEM_EXT"}},
-		{"test_app_system_ext_jni_system", []string{"libjni_system"}, []string{""}},
-		{"test_app_system_ext_jni_system_ext", []string{"libjni_system_ext"}, []string{"_SYSTEM_EXT"}},
-		{"test_app_product_jni_product", []string{"libjni_product"}, []string{"_PRODUCT"}},
-		{"test_app_vendor_jni_odm", []string{"libjni_odm"}, []string{"_ODM"}},
-		{"test_app_odm_jni_vendor", []string{"libjni_vendor"}, []string{"_VENDOR"}},
-		{"test_app_system_jni_multiple", []string{"libjni_system", "libjni_system_ext"}, []string{"", "_SYSTEM_EXT"}},
-		{"test_app_vendor_jni_multiple", []string{"libjni_odm", "libjni_vendor"}, []string{"_ODM", "_VENDOR"}},
-	}
-
-	for _, test := range testCases {
-		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			mod := ctx.ModuleForTests(test.name, "android_common").Module()
-			entry := android.AndroidMkEntriesForTest(t, ctx.TestContext, mod)[0]
-			for i := range test.partitionNames {
-				actual := entry.EntryMap["LOCAL_SOONG_JNI_LIBS_PARTITION_"+arch][i]
-				expected := test.partitionNames[i] + ":" + test.partitionTags[i]
-				android.AssertStringEquals(t, "Expected and actual differ", expected, actual)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
diff --git a/java/app.go b/java/app.go
index f05b8a7..377851e 100644
--- a/java/app.go
+++ b/java/app.go
@@ -274,16 +274,37 @@
 		variation := append(jniTarget.Variations(),
 			blueprint.Variation{Mutator: "link", Variation: "shared"})
 
-		// If the app builds against an Android SDK use the SDK variant of JNI dependencies
-		// unless jni_uses_platform_apis is set.
-		// Don't require the SDK variant for apps that are shipped on vendor, etc., as they already
-		// have stable APIs through the VNDK.
-		if (usesSDK && !a.RequiresStableAPIs(ctx) &&
-			!Bool(a.appProperties.Jni_uses_platform_apis)) ||
-			Bool(a.appProperties.Jni_uses_sdk_apis) {
+		// Test whether to use the SDK variant or the non-SDK variant of JNI dependencies.
+		// Many factors are considered here.
+		// 1. Basically, the selection follows whether the app has sdk_version set or not.
+		jniUsesSdkVariant := usesSDK
+		// 2. However, jni_uses_platform_apis and jni_uses_sdk_apis can override it
+		if Bool(a.appProperties.Jni_uses_sdk_apis) {
+			jniUsesSdkVariant = true
+		}
+		if Bool(a.appProperties.Jni_uses_platform_apis) {
+			jniUsesSdkVariant = false
+		}
+		// 3. Then the use of SDK variant is again prohibited for the following cases:
+		// 3.1. the app is shipped on unbundled partitions like vendor. Since the entire
+		// partition (not only the app) is considered unbudled, there's no need to use the
+		// SDK variant.
+		// 3.2. the app doesn't support embedding the JNI libs
+		if a.RequiresStableAPIs(ctx) || !a.shouldEmbedJnis(ctx) {
+			jniUsesSdkVariant = false
+		}
+		if jniUsesSdkVariant {
 			variation = append(variation, blueprint.Variation{Mutator: "sdk", Variation: "sdk"})
 		}
-		ctx.AddFarVariationDependencies(variation, jniLibTag, a.appProperties.Jni_libs...)
+
+		// Use the installable dep tag when the JNIs are not embedded
+		var tag dependencyTag
+		if a.shouldEmbedJnis(ctx) {
+			tag = jniLibTag
+		} else {
+			tag = jniInstallTag
+		}
+		ctx.AddFarVariationDependencies(variation, tag, a.appProperties.Jni_libs...)
 	}
 	for _, aconfig_declaration := range a.aaptProperties.Flags_packages {
 		ctx.AddDependency(ctx.Module(), aconfigDeclarationTag, aconfig_declaration)
@@ -334,6 +355,7 @@
 
 func (a *AndroidApp) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext) {
 	a.checkAppSdkVersions(ctx)
+	a.checkEmbedJnis(ctx)
 	a.generateAndroidBuildActions(ctx)
 	a.generateJavaUsedByApex(ctx)
 }
@@ -378,6 +400,17 @@
 	a.checkSdkVersions(ctx)
 }
 
+// Ensures that use_embedded_native_libs are set for apk-in-apex
+func (a *AndroidApp) checkEmbedJnis(ctx android.BaseModuleContext) {
+	apexInfo, _ := android.ModuleProvider(ctx, android.ApexInfoProvider)
+	apkInApex := !apexInfo.IsForPlatform()
+	hasJnis := len(a.appProperties.Jni_libs) > 0
+
+	if apkInApex && hasJnis && !Bool(a.appProperties.Use_embedded_native_libs) {
+		ctx.ModuleErrorf("APK in APEX should have use_embedded_native_libs: true")
+	}
+}
+
 // If an updatable APK sets min_sdk_version, min_sdk_vesion of JNI libs should match with it.
 // This check is enforced for "updatable" APKs (including APK-in-APEX).
 func (a *AndroidApp) checkJniLibsSdkVersion(ctx android.ModuleContext, minSdkVersion android.ApiLevel) {
@@ -433,9 +466,9 @@
 }
 
 func (a *AndroidApp) shouldEmbedJnis(ctx android.BaseModuleContext) bool {
-	apexInfo, _ := android.ModuleProvider(ctx, android.ApexInfoProvider)
 	return ctx.Config().UnbundledBuild() || Bool(a.appProperties.Use_embedded_native_libs) ||
-		!apexInfo.IsForPlatform() || a.appProperties.AlwaysPackageNativeLibs
+		Bool(a.appProperties.Updatable) ||
+		a.appProperties.AlwaysPackageNativeLibs
 }
 
 func generateAaptRenamePackageFlags(packageName string, renameResourcesPackage bool) []string {
@@ -829,7 +862,9 @@
 
 	dexJarFile, packageResources := a.dexBuildActions(ctx)
 
-	jniLibs, prebuiltJniPackages, certificates := collectAppDeps(ctx, a, a.shouldEmbedJnis(ctx), !Bool(a.appProperties.Jni_uses_platform_apis))
+	// No need to check the SDK version of the JNI deps unless we embed them
+	checkNativeSdkVersion := a.shouldEmbedJnis(ctx) && !Bool(a.appProperties.Jni_uses_platform_apis)
+	jniLibs, prebuiltJniPackages, certificates := collectAppDeps(ctx, a, a.shouldEmbedJnis(ctx), checkNativeSdkVersion)
 	jniJarFile := a.jniBuildActions(jniLibs, prebuiltJniPackages, ctx)
 
 	if ctx.Failed() {
@@ -911,6 +946,22 @@
 			installed := ctx.InstallFile(a.installDir, extra.Base(), extra)
 			extraInstalledPaths = append(extraInstalledPaths, installed)
 		}
+		// If we don't embed jni libs, make sure that those are installed along with the
+		// app, and also place symlinks to the installed paths under the lib/<arch>
+		// directory of the app installation directory. ex:
+		// /system/app/MyApp/lib/arm64/libfoo.so -> /system/lib64/libfoo.so
+		if !a.embeddedJniLibs {
+			for _, jniLib := range jniLibs {
+				archStr := jniLib.target.Arch.ArchType.String()
+				symlinkDir := a.installDir.Join(ctx, "lib", archStr)
+				for _, installedLib := range jniLib.installPaths {
+					// install the symlink itself
+					symlinkName := installedLib.Base()
+					symlinkTarget := android.InstallPathToOnDevicePath(ctx, installedLib)
+					ctx.InstallAbsoluteSymlink(symlinkDir, symlinkName, symlinkTarget)
+				}
+			}
+		}
 		ctx.InstallFile(a.installDir, a.outputFile.Base(), a.outputFile, extraInstalledPaths...)
 	}
 
@@ -998,6 +1049,7 @@
 						coverageFile:   dep.CoverageOutputFile(),
 						unstrippedFile: dep.UnstrippedOutputFile(),
 						partition:      dep.Partition(),
+						installPaths:   dep.FilesToInstall(),
 					})
 				} else if ctx.Config().AllowMissingDependencies() {
 					ctx.AddMissingDependencies([]string{otherName})
diff --git a/java/bootclasspath_fragment.go b/java/bootclasspath_fragment.go
index 82a34ca..4d3d794 100644
--- a/java/bootclasspath_fragment.go
+++ b/java/bootclasspath_fragment.go
@@ -590,13 +590,36 @@
 		// So ignore it even if it is not in PRODUCT_APEX_BOOT_JARS.
 		// TODO(b/202896428): Add better way to handle this.
 		_, unknown = android.RemoveFromList("android.car-module", unknown)
-		if isActiveModule(ctx, ctx.Module()) && len(unknown) > 0 {
-			ctx.ModuleErrorf("%s in contents must also be declared in PRODUCT_APEX_BOOT_JARS", unknown)
+		if isApexVariant(ctx) && len(unknown) > 0 {
+			if android.IsModulePrebuilt(ctx.Module()) {
+				// prebuilt bcpf. the validation of this will be done at the top-level apex
+				providerClasspathFragmentValidationInfoProvider(ctx, unknown)
+			} else if !disableSourceApexVariant(ctx) {
+				// source bcpf, and prebuilt apex are not selected.
+				ctx.ModuleErrorf("%s in contents must also be declared in PRODUCT_APEX_BOOT_JARS", unknown)
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	return jars
 }
 
+var ClasspathFragmentValidationInfoProvider = blueprint.NewProvider[ClasspathFragmentValidationInfo]()
+
+type ClasspathFragmentValidationInfo struct {
+	ClasspathFragmentModuleName string
+	UnknownJars                 []string
+}
+
+// Set a provider with the list of jars that have not been added to PRODUCT_APEX_BOOT_JARS
+// The validation will be done in the ctx of the top-level _selected_ apex
+func providerClasspathFragmentValidationInfoProvider(ctx android.ModuleContext, unknown []string) {
+	info := ClasspathFragmentValidationInfo{
+		ClasspathFragmentModuleName: ctx.ModuleName(),
+		UnknownJars:                 unknown,
+	}
+	android.SetProvider(ctx, ClasspathFragmentValidationInfoProvider, info)
+}
+
 // generateHiddenAPIBuildActions generates all the hidden API related build rules.
 func (b *BootclasspathFragmentModule) generateHiddenAPIBuildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext, contents []android.Module, fragments []android.Module) *HiddenAPIOutput {
 
diff --git a/java/java.go b/java/java.go
index 0df96a3..05ef5d0 100644
--- a/java/java.go
+++ b/java/java.go
@@ -366,14 +366,14 @@
 	toolchain bool
 
 	static bool
+
+	installable bool
 }
 
-// installDependencyTag is a dependency tag that is annotated to cause the installed files of the
-// dependency to be installed when the parent module is installed.
-type installDependencyTag struct {
-	blueprint.BaseDependencyTag
-	android.InstallAlwaysNeededDependencyTag
-	name string
+var _ android.InstallNeededDependencyTag = (*dependencyTag)(nil)
+
+func (d dependencyTag) InstallDepNeeded() bool {
+	return d.installable
 }
 
 func (d dependencyTag) LicenseAnnotations() []android.LicenseAnnotation {
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@
 }
 
 func IsJniDepTag(depTag blueprint.DependencyTag) bool {
-	return depTag == jniLibTag
+	return depTag == jniLibTag || depTag == jniInstallTag
 }
 
 var (
@@ -434,8 +434,8 @@
 	javaApiContributionTag  = dependencyTag{name: "java-api-contribution"}
 	depApiSrcsTag           = dependencyTag{name: "dep-api-srcs"}
 	aconfigDeclarationTag   = dependencyTag{name: "aconfig-declaration"}
-	jniInstallTag           = installDependencyTag{name: "jni install"}
-	binaryInstallTag        = installDependencyTag{name: "binary install"}
+	jniInstallTag           = dependencyTag{name: "jni install", runtimeLinked: true, installable: true}
+	binaryInstallTag        = dependencyTag{name: "binary install", runtimeLinked: true, installable: true}
 	usesLibReqTag           = makeUsesLibraryDependencyTag(dexpreopt.AnySdkVersion, false)
 	usesLibOptTag           = makeUsesLibraryDependencyTag(dexpreopt.AnySdkVersion, true)
 	usesLibCompat28OptTag   = makeUsesLibraryDependencyTag(28, true)
@@ -491,6 +491,7 @@
 	coverageFile   android.OptionalPath
 	unstrippedFile android.Path
 	partition      string
+	installPaths   android.InstallPaths
 }
 
 func sdkDeps(ctx android.BottomUpMutatorContext, sdkContext android.SdkContext, d dexer) {
diff --git a/rust/builder.go b/rust/builder.go
index 4f45e33..abbf90d 100644
--- a/rust/builder.go
+++ b/rust/builder.go
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 	"github.com/google/blueprint"
 
 	"android/soong/android"
+	"android/soong/cc"
 	"android/soong/rust/config"
 )
 
@@ -118,42 +119,119 @@
 
 func init() {
 	pctx.HostBinToolVariable("SoongZipCmd", "soong_zip")
+	cc.TransformRlibstoStaticlib = TransformRlibstoStaticlib
+}
+
+type transformProperties struct {
+	crateName       string
+	targetTriple    string
+	is64Bit         bool
+	bootstrap       bool
+	inRecovery      bool
+	inRamdisk       bool
+	inVendorRamdisk bool
+	cargoOutDir     android.OptionalPath
+	synthetic       bool
+	crateType       string
+}
+
+// Populates a standard transformProperties struct for Rust modules
+func getTransformProperties(ctx ModuleContext, crateType string) transformProperties {
+	module := ctx.RustModule()
+	return transformProperties{
+		crateName:       module.CrateName(),
+		is64Bit:         ctx.toolchain().Is64Bit(),
+		targetTriple:    ctx.toolchain().RustTriple(),
+		bootstrap:       module.Bootstrap(),
+		inRecovery:      module.InRecovery(),
+		inRamdisk:       module.InRamdisk(),
+		inVendorRamdisk: module.InVendorRamdisk(),
+		cargoOutDir:     module.compiler.cargoOutDir(),
+
+		// crateType indicates what type of crate to build
+		crateType: crateType,
+
+		// synthetic indicates whether this is an actual Rust module or not
+		synthetic: false,
+	}
 }
 
 func TransformSrcToBinary(ctx ModuleContext, mainSrc android.Path, deps PathDeps, flags Flags,
 	outputFile android.WritablePath) buildOutput {
 	flags.GlobalRustFlags = append(flags.GlobalRustFlags, "-C lto=thin")
 
-	return transformSrctoCrate(ctx, mainSrc, deps, flags, outputFile, "bin")
+	return transformSrctoCrate(ctx, mainSrc, deps, flags, outputFile, getTransformProperties(ctx, "bin"))
 }
 
 func TransformSrctoRlib(ctx ModuleContext, mainSrc android.Path, deps PathDeps, flags Flags,
 	outputFile android.WritablePath) buildOutput {
-	return transformSrctoCrate(ctx, mainSrc, deps, flags, outputFile, "rlib")
+	return transformSrctoCrate(ctx, mainSrc, deps, flags, outputFile, getTransformProperties(ctx, "rlib"))
+}
+
+func TransformRlibstoStaticlib(ctx android.ModuleContext, mainSrc android.Path, deps []cc.RustRlibDep,
+	outputFile android.WritablePath) android.Path {
+
+	var rustPathDeps PathDeps
+	var rustFlags Flags
+
+	for _, rlibDep := range deps {
+		rustPathDeps.RLibs = append(rustPathDeps.RLibs, RustLibrary{Path: rlibDep.LibPath, CrateName: rlibDep.CrateName})
+		rustPathDeps.linkDirs = append(rustPathDeps.linkDirs, rlibDep.LinkDirs...)
+	}
+
+	ccModule := ctx.(cc.ModuleContext).Module().(*cc.Module)
+	toolchain := config.FindToolchain(ctx.Os(), ctx.Arch())
+	t := transformProperties{
+		// Crate name can be a predefined value as this is a staticlib and
+		// it does not need to be unique. The crate name is used for name
+		// mangling, but it is mixed with the metadata for that purpose, which we
+		// already set to the module name.
+		crateName:       "generated_rust_staticlib",
+		is64Bit:         toolchain.Is64Bit(),
+		targetTriple:    toolchain.RustTriple(),
+		bootstrap:       ccModule.Bootstrap(),
+		inRecovery:      ccModule.InRecovery(),
+		inRamdisk:       ccModule.InRamdisk(),
+		inVendorRamdisk: ccModule.InVendorRamdisk(),
+
+		// crateType indicates what type of crate to build
+		crateType: "staticlib",
+
+		// synthetic indicates whether this is an actual Rust module or not
+		synthetic: true,
+	}
+
+	rustFlags = CommonDefaultFlags(ctx, toolchain, rustFlags)
+	rustFlags = CommonLibraryCompilerFlags(ctx, rustFlags)
+	rustFlags.GlobalRustFlags = append(rustFlags.GlobalRustFlags, "-C lto=thin")
+
+	rustFlags.EmitXrefs = false
+
+	return transformSrctoCrate(ctx, mainSrc, rustPathDeps, rustFlags, outputFile, t).outputFile
 }
 
 func TransformSrctoDylib(ctx ModuleContext, mainSrc android.Path, deps PathDeps, flags Flags,
 	outputFile android.WritablePath) buildOutput {
 	flags.GlobalRustFlags = append(flags.GlobalRustFlags, "-C lto=thin")
 
-	return transformSrctoCrate(ctx, mainSrc, deps, flags, outputFile, "dylib")
+	return transformSrctoCrate(ctx, mainSrc, deps, flags, outputFile, getTransformProperties(ctx, "dylib"))
 }
 
 func TransformSrctoStatic(ctx ModuleContext, mainSrc android.Path, deps PathDeps, flags Flags,
 	outputFile android.WritablePath) buildOutput {
 	flags.GlobalRustFlags = append(flags.GlobalRustFlags, "-C lto=thin")
-	return transformSrctoCrate(ctx, mainSrc, deps, flags, outputFile, "staticlib")
+	return transformSrctoCrate(ctx, mainSrc, deps, flags, outputFile, getTransformProperties(ctx, "staticlib"))
 }
 
 func TransformSrctoShared(ctx ModuleContext, mainSrc android.Path, deps PathDeps, flags Flags,
 	outputFile android.WritablePath) buildOutput {
 	flags.GlobalRustFlags = append(flags.GlobalRustFlags, "-C lto=thin")
-	return transformSrctoCrate(ctx, mainSrc, deps, flags, outputFile, "cdylib")
+	return transformSrctoCrate(ctx, mainSrc, deps, flags, outputFile, getTransformProperties(ctx, "cdylib"))
 }
 
 func TransformSrctoProcMacro(ctx ModuleContext, mainSrc android.Path, deps PathDeps,
 	flags Flags, outputFile android.WritablePath) buildOutput {
-	return transformSrctoCrate(ctx, mainSrc, deps, flags, outputFile, "proc-macro")
+	return transformSrctoCrate(ctx, mainSrc, deps, flags, outputFile, getTransformProperties(ctx, "proc-macro"))
 }
 
 func rustLibsToPaths(libs RustLibraries) android.Paths {
@@ -185,18 +263,18 @@
 	return libFlags
 }
 
-func rustEnvVars(ctx ModuleContext, deps PathDeps) []string {
+func rustEnvVars(ctx android.ModuleContext, deps PathDeps, crateName string, cargoOutDir android.OptionalPath) []string {
 	var envVars []string
 
 	// libstd requires a specific environment variable to be set. This is
 	// not officially documented and may be removed in the future. See
 	// https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/library/std/src/env.rs#L866.
-	if ctx.RustModule().CrateName() == "std" {
-		envVars = append(envVars, "STD_ENV_ARCH="+config.StdEnvArch[ctx.RustModule().Arch().ArchType])
+	if crateName == "std" {
+		envVars = append(envVars, "STD_ENV_ARCH="+config.StdEnvArch[ctx.Arch().ArchType])
 	}
 
-	if len(deps.SrcDeps) > 0 {
-		moduleGenDir := ctx.RustModule().compiler.cargoOutDir()
+	if len(deps.SrcDeps) > 0 && cargoOutDir.Valid() {
+		moduleGenDir := cargoOutDir
 		// We must calculate an absolute path for OUT_DIR since Rust's include! macro (which normally consumes this)
 		// assumes that paths are relative to the source file.
 		var outDirPrefix string
@@ -215,13 +293,15 @@
 
 	envVars = append(envVars, "ANDROID_RUST_VERSION="+config.GetRustVersion(ctx))
 
-	if ctx.RustModule().compiler.cargoEnvCompat() {
-		if bin, ok := ctx.RustModule().compiler.(*binaryDecorator); ok {
+	if rustMod, ok := ctx.Module().(*Module); ok && rustMod.compiler.cargoEnvCompat() {
+		// We only emulate cargo environment variables for 3p code, which is only ever built
+		// by defining a Rust module, so we only need to set these for true Rust modules.
+		if bin, ok := rustMod.compiler.(*binaryDecorator); ok {
 			envVars = append(envVars, "CARGO_BIN_NAME="+bin.getStem(ctx))
 		}
-		envVars = append(envVars, "CARGO_CRATE_NAME="+ctx.RustModule().CrateName())
-		envVars = append(envVars, "CARGO_PKG_NAME="+ctx.RustModule().CrateName())
-		pkgVersion := ctx.RustModule().compiler.cargoPkgVersion()
+		envVars = append(envVars, "CARGO_CRATE_NAME="+crateName)
+		envVars = append(envVars, "CARGO_PKG_NAME="+crateName)
+		pkgVersion := rustMod.compiler.cargoPkgVersion()
 		if pkgVersion != "" {
 			envVars = append(envVars, "CARGO_PKG_VERSION="+pkgVersion)
 
@@ -245,8 +325,8 @@
 	return envVars
 }
 
-func transformSrctoCrate(ctx ModuleContext, main android.Path, deps PathDeps, flags Flags,
-	outputFile android.WritablePath, crateType string) buildOutput {
+func transformSrctoCrate(ctx android.ModuleContext, main android.Path, deps PathDeps, flags Flags,
+	outputFile android.WritablePath, t transformProperties) buildOutput {
 
 	var inputs android.Paths
 	var implicits android.Paths
@@ -256,23 +336,21 @@
 	var earlyLinkFlags string
 
 	output.outputFile = outputFile
-	crateName := ctx.RustModule().CrateName()
-	targetTriple := ctx.toolchain().RustTriple()
 
-	envVars := rustEnvVars(ctx, deps)
+	envVars := rustEnvVars(ctx, deps, t.crateName, t.cargoOutDir)
 
 	inputs = append(inputs, main)
 
 	// Collect rustc flags
 	rustcFlags = append(rustcFlags, flags.GlobalRustFlags...)
 	rustcFlags = append(rustcFlags, flags.RustFlags...)
-	rustcFlags = append(rustcFlags, "--crate-type="+crateType)
-	if crateName != "" {
-		rustcFlags = append(rustcFlags, "--crate-name="+crateName)
+	rustcFlags = append(rustcFlags, "--crate-type="+t.crateType)
+	if t.crateName != "" {
+		rustcFlags = append(rustcFlags, "--crate-name="+t.crateName)
 	}
-	if targetTriple != "" {
-		rustcFlags = append(rustcFlags, "--target="+targetTriple)
-		linkFlags = append(linkFlags, "-target "+targetTriple)
+	if t.targetTriple != "" {
+		rustcFlags = append(rustcFlags, "--target="+t.targetTriple)
+		linkFlags = append(linkFlags, "-target "+t.targetTriple)
 	}
 
 	// Suppress an implicit sysroot
@@ -302,9 +380,9 @@
 	linkFlags = append(linkFlags, flags.LinkFlags...)
 
 	// Check if this module needs to use the bootstrap linker
-	if ctx.RustModule().Bootstrap() && !ctx.RustModule().InRecovery() && !ctx.RustModule().InRamdisk() && !ctx.RustModule().InVendorRamdisk() {
+	if t.bootstrap && !t.inRecovery && !t.inRamdisk && !t.inVendorRamdisk {
 		dynamicLinker := "-Wl,-dynamic-linker,/system/bin/bootstrap/linker"
-		if ctx.toolchain().Is64Bit() {
+		if t.is64Bit {
 			dynamicLinker += "64"
 		}
 		linkFlags = append(linkFlags, dynamicLinker)
@@ -326,49 +404,56 @@
 
 	orderOnly = append(orderOnly, deps.SharedLibs...)
 
-	if len(deps.SrcDeps) > 0 {
-		moduleGenDir := ctx.RustModule().compiler.cargoOutDir()
-		var outputs android.WritablePaths
+	if !t.synthetic {
+		// Only worry about OUT_DIR for actual Rust modules.
+		// Libraries built from cc use generated source, and do not utilize OUT_DIR.
+		if len(deps.SrcDeps) > 0 {
+			var outputs android.WritablePaths
 
-		for _, genSrc := range deps.SrcDeps {
-			if android.SuffixInList(outputs.Strings(), genSubDir+genSrc.Base()) {
-				ctx.PropertyErrorf("srcs",
-					"multiple source providers generate the same filename output: "+genSrc.Base())
+			for _, genSrc := range deps.SrcDeps {
+				if android.SuffixInList(outputs.Strings(), genSubDir+genSrc.Base()) {
+					ctx.PropertyErrorf("srcs",
+						"multiple source providers generate the same filename output: "+genSrc.Base())
+				}
+				outputs = append(outputs, android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, genSubDir+genSrc.Base()))
 			}
-			outputs = append(outputs, android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, genSubDir+genSrc.Base()))
-		}
 
-		ctx.Build(pctx, android.BuildParams{
-			Rule:        cp,
-			Description: "cp " + moduleGenDir.Path().Rel(),
-			Outputs:     outputs,
-			Inputs:      deps.SrcDeps,
-			Args: map[string]string{
-				"outDir": moduleGenDir.String(),
-			},
-		})
-		implicits = append(implicits, outputs.Paths()...)
+			ctx.Build(pctx, android.BuildParams{
+				Rule:        cp,
+				Description: "cp " + t.cargoOutDir.Path().Rel(),
+				Outputs:     outputs,
+				Inputs:      deps.SrcDeps,
+				Args: map[string]string{
+					"outDir": t.cargoOutDir.String(),
+				},
+			})
+			implicits = append(implicits, outputs.Paths()...)
+		}
 	}
 
-	if flags.Clippy {
-		clippyFile := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, outputFile.Base()+".clippy")
-		ctx.Build(pctx, android.BuildParams{
-			Rule:            clippyDriver,
-			Description:     "clippy " + main.Rel(),
-			Output:          clippyFile,
-			ImplicitOutputs: nil,
-			Inputs:          inputs,
-			Implicits:       implicits,
-			OrderOnly:       orderOnly,
-			Args: map[string]string{
-				"rustcFlags":  strings.Join(rustcFlags, " "),
-				"libFlags":    strings.Join(libFlags, " "),
-				"clippyFlags": strings.Join(flags.ClippyFlags, " "),
-				"envVars":     strings.Join(envVars, " "),
-			},
-		})
-		// Declare the clippy build as an implicit dependency of the original crate.
-		implicits = append(implicits, clippyFile)
+	if !t.synthetic {
+		// Only worry about clippy for actual Rust modules.
+		// Libraries built from cc use generated source, and don't need to run clippy.
+		if flags.Clippy {
+			clippyFile := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, outputFile.Base()+".clippy")
+			ctx.Build(pctx, android.BuildParams{
+				Rule:            clippyDriver,
+				Description:     "clippy " + main.Rel(),
+				Output:          clippyFile,
+				ImplicitOutputs: nil,
+				Inputs:          inputs,
+				Implicits:       implicits,
+				OrderOnly:       orderOnly,
+				Args: map[string]string{
+					"rustcFlags":  strings.Join(rustcFlags, " "),
+					"libFlags":    strings.Join(libFlags, " "),
+					"clippyFlags": strings.Join(flags.ClippyFlags, " "),
+					"envVars":     strings.Join(envVars, " "),
+				},
+			})
+			// Declare the clippy build as an implicit dependency of the original crate.
+			implicits = append(implicits, clippyFile)
+		}
 	}
 
 	ctx.Build(pctx, android.BuildParams{
@@ -389,25 +474,28 @@
 		},
 	})
 
-	if flags.EmitXrefs {
-		kytheFile := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, outputFile.Base()+".kzip")
-		ctx.Build(pctx, android.BuildParams{
-			Rule:        kytheExtract,
-			Description: "Xref Rust extractor " + main.Rel(),
-			Output:      kytheFile,
-			Inputs:      inputs,
-			Implicits:   implicits,
-			OrderOnly:   orderOnly,
-			Args: map[string]string{
-				"rustcFlags": strings.Join(rustcFlags, " "),
-				"linkFlags":  strings.Join(linkFlags, " "),
-				"libFlags":   strings.Join(libFlags, " "),
-				"crtBegin":   strings.Join(deps.CrtBegin.Strings(), " "),
-				"crtEnd":     strings.Join(deps.CrtEnd.Strings(), " "),
-				"envVars":    strings.Join(envVars, " "),
-			},
-		})
-		output.kytheFile = kytheFile
+	if !t.synthetic {
+		// Only emit xrefs for true Rust modules.
+		if flags.EmitXrefs {
+			kytheFile := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, outputFile.Base()+".kzip")
+			ctx.Build(pctx, android.BuildParams{
+				Rule:        kytheExtract,
+				Description: "Xref Rust extractor " + main.Rel(),
+				Output:      kytheFile,
+				Inputs:      inputs,
+				Implicits:   implicits,
+				OrderOnly:   orderOnly,
+				Args: map[string]string{
+					"rustcFlags": strings.Join(rustcFlags, " "),
+					"linkFlags":  strings.Join(linkFlags, " "),
+					"libFlags":   strings.Join(libFlags, " "),
+					"crtBegin":   strings.Join(deps.CrtBegin.Strings(), " "),
+					"crtEnd":     strings.Join(deps.CrtEnd.Strings(), " "),
+					"envVars":    strings.Join(envVars, " "),
+				},
+			})
+			output.kytheFile = kytheFile
+		}
 	}
 	return output
 }
@@ -457,7 +545,7 @@
 		Args: map[string]string{
 			"rustdocFlags": strings.Join(rustdocFlags, " "),
 			"outDir":       docDir.String(),
-			"envVars":      strings.Join(rustEnvVars(ctx, deps), " "),
+			"envVars":      strings.Join(rustEnvVars(ctx, deps, crateName, ctx.RustModule().compiler.cargoOutDir()), " "),
 		},
 	})
 
diff --git a/rust/builder_test.go b/rust/builder_test.go
index 639f6d4..c093ac4 100644
--- a/rust/builder_test.go
+++ b/rust/builder_test.go
@@ -46,6 +46,9 @@
 }
 
 func TestCompilationOutputFiles(t *testing.T) {
+
+	// Note: Rustdoc output is produced for the PrimaryModule, so if the variant
+	// order changes, then it may be produced for a different variant.
 	ctx := testRust(t, `
 		rust_library {
 			name: "libfizz_buzz",
@@ -126,6 +129,16 @@
 			},
 		},
 		{
+			testName:   "rust_ffi rlib",
+			moduleName: "librust_ffi",
+			variant:    "android_arm64_armv8-a_rlib_rlib-std",
+			expectedFiles: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/librust_ffi/android_arm64_armv8-a_rlib_rlib-std/librust_ffi.rlib",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/librust_ffi/android_arm64_armv8-a_rlib_rlib-std/librust_ffi.rlib.clippy",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/librust_ffi/android_arm64_armv8-a_rlib_rlib-std/meta_lic",
+			},
+		},
+		{
 			testName:   "rust_ffi shared",
 			moduleName: "librust_ffi",
 			variant:    "android_arm64_armv8-a_shared",
diff --git a/rust/compiler.go b/rust/compiler.go
index 03fdf2b..5033fba 100644
--- a/rust/compiler.go
+++ b/rust/compiler.go
@@ -322,9 +322,9 @@
 	return []interface{}{&compiler.Properties}
 }
 
-func (compiler *baseCompiler) cfgsToFlags() []string {
+func cfgsToFlags(cfgs []string) []string {
 	flags := []string{}
-	for _, cfg := range compiler.Properties.Cfgs {
+	for _, cfg := range cfgs {
 		flags = append(flags, "--cfg '"+cfg+"'")
 	}
 
@@ -351,23 +351,61 @@
 	return flags
 }
 
-func (compiler *baseCompiler) cfgFlags(ctx ModuleContext, flags Flags) Flags {
-	if ctx.RustModule().InVendorOrProduct() {
-		compiler.Properties.Cfgs = append(compiler.Properties.Cfgs, "android_vndk")
-		if ctx.RustModule().InVendor() {
-			compiler.Properties.Cfgs = append(compiler.Properties.Cfgs, "android_vendor")
-		} else if ctx.RustModule().InProduct() {
-			compiler.Properties.Cfgs = append(compiler.Properties.Cfgs, "android_product")
+func CommonDefaultCfgFlags(flags Flags, vendor bool, product bool) Flags {
+	var cfgs []string
+	if vendor || product {
+		cfgs = append(cfgs, "android_vndk")
+		if vendor {
+			cfgs = append(cfgs, "android_vendor")
+		} else if product {
+			cfgs = append(cfgs, "android_product")
 		}
 	}
 
-	flags.RustFlags = append(flags.RustFlags, compiler.cfgsToFlags()...)
-	flags.RustdocFlags = append(flags.RustdocFlags, compiler.cfgsToFlags()...)
+	flags.RustFlags = append(flags.RustFlags, cfgsToFlags(cfgs)...)
+	flags.RustdocFlags = append(flags.RustdocFlags, cfgsToFlags(cfgs)...)
+	return flags
+}
+
+func (compiler *baseCompiler) cfgFlags(ctx ModuleContext, flags Flags) Flags {
+	flags = CommonDefaultCfgFlags(flags, ctx.RustModule().InVendor(), ctx.RustModule().InProduct())
+
+	flags.RustFlags = append(flags.RustFlags, cfgsToFlags(compiler.Properties.Cfgs)...)
+	flags.RustdocFlags = append(flags.RustdocFlags, cfgsToFlags(compiler.Properties.Cfgs)...)
+
+	return flags
+}
+
+func CommonDefaultFlags(ctx android.ModuleContext, toolchain config.Toolchain, flags Flags) Flags {
+	flags.GlobalRustFlags = append(flags.GlobalRustFlags, config.GlobalRustFlags...)
+	flags.GlobalRustFlags = append(flags.GlobalRustFlags, toolchain.ToolchainRustFlags())
+	flags.GlobalLinkFlags = append(flags.GlobalLinkFlags, toolchain.ToolchainLinkFlags())
+	flags.EmitXrefs = ctx.Config().EmitXrefRules()
+
+	if ctx.Host() && !ctx.Windows() {
+		flags.LinkFlags = append(flags.LinkFlags, cc.RpathFlags(ctx)...)
+	}
+
+	if ctx.Os() == android.Linux {
+		// Add -lc, -lrt, -ldl, -lpthread, -lm and -lgcc_s to glibc builds to match
+		// the default behavior of device builds.
+		flags.LinkFlags = append(flags.LinkFlags, config.LinuxHostGlobalLinkFlags...)
+	} else if ctx.Os() == android.Darwin {
+		// Add -lc, -ldl, -lpthread and -lm to glibc darwin builds to match the default
+		// behavior of device builds.
+		flags.LinkFlags = append(flags.LinkFlags,
+			"-lc",
+			"-ldl",
+			"-lpthread",
+			"-lm",
+		)
+	}
 	return flags
 }
 
 func (compiler *baseCompiler) compilerFlags(ctx ModuleContext, flags Flags) Flags {
 
+	flags = CommonDefaultFlags(ctx, ctx.toolchain(), flags)
 	lintFlags, err := config.RustcLintsForDir(ctx.ModuleDir(), compiler.Properties.Lints)
 	if err != nil {
 		ctx.PropertyErrorf("lints", err.Error())
@@ -396,29 +434,7 @@
 	flags.RustFlags = append(flags.RustFlags, "--edition="+compiler.edition())
 	flags.RustdocFlags = append(flags.RustdocFlags, "--edition="+compiler.edition())
 	flags.LinkFlags = append(flags.LinkFlags, compiler.Properties.Ld_flags...)
-	flags.GlobalRustFlags = append(flags.GlobalRustFlags, config.GlobalRustFlags...)
-	flags.GlobalRustFlags = append(flags.GlobalRustFlags, ctx.toolchain().ToolchainRustFlags())
-	flags.GlobalLinkFlags = append(flags.GlobalLinkFlags, ctx.toolchain().ToolchainLinkFlags())
-	flags.EmitXrefs = ctx.Config().EmitXrefRules()
 
-	if ctx.Host() && !ctx.Windows() {
-		flags.LinkFlags = append(flags.LinkFlags, cc.RpathFlags(ctx)...)
-	}
-
-	if ctx.Os() == android.Linux {
-		// Add -lc, -lrt, -ldl, -lpthread, -lm and -lgcc_s to glibc builds to match
-		// the default behavior of device builds.
-		flags.LinkFlags = append(flags.LinkFlags, config.LinuxHostGlobalLinkFlags...)
-	} else if ctx.Os() == android.Darwin {
-		// Add -lc, -ldl, -lpthread and -lm to glibc darwin builds to match the default
-		// behavior of device builds.
-		flags.LinkFlags = append(flags.LinkFlags,
-			"-lc",
-			"-ldl",
-			"-lpthread",
-			"-lm",
-		)
-	}
 	return flags
 }
 
@@ -568,11 +584,11 @@
 	compiler.installDeps = append(compiler.installDeps, installedData...)
 }
 
-func (compiler *baseCompiler) getStem(ctx ModuleContext) string {
+func (compiler *baseCompiler) getStem(ctx android.ModuleContext) string {
 	return compiler.getStemWithoutSuffix(ctx) + String(compiler.Properties.Suffix)
 }
 
-func (compiler *baseCompiler) getStemWithoutSuffix(ctx BaseModuleContext) string {
+func (compiler *baseCompiler) getStemWithoutSuffix(ctx android.BaseModuleContext) string {
 	stem := ctx.ModuleName()
 	if String(compiler.Properties.Stem) != "" {
 		stem = String(compiler.Properties.Stem)
diff --git a/rust/coverage.go b/rust/coverage.go
index 91a7806..e0e919c 100644
--- a/rust/coverage.go
+++ b/rust/coverage.go
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
 
 		// no_std modules are missing libprofiler_builtins which provides coverage, so we need to add it as a dependency.
 		if rustModule, ok := ctx.Module().(*Module); ok && rustModule.compiler.noStdlibs() {
-			ctx.AddVariationDependencies([]blueprint.Variation{{Mutator: "rust_libraries", Variation: "rlib"}}, rlibDepTag, ProfilerBuiltins)
+			ctx.AddVariationDependencies([]blueprint.Variation{{Mutator: "rust_libraries", Variation: "rlib"}, {Mutator: "link", Variation: ""}}, rlibDepTag, ProfilerBuiltins)
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/rust/fuzz_test.go b/rust/fuzz_test.go
index ee28c6d..0d4622a 100644
--- a/rust/fuzz_test.go
+++ b/rust/fuzz_test.go
@@ -120,13 +120,17 @@
 			}
 			cc_fuzz {
 				name: "fuzz_static_libtest",
+				static_rlibs: ["libtest_fuzzing"],
+			}
+			cc_fuzz {
+				name: "fuzz_staticffi_libtest",
 				static_libs: ["libtest_fuzzing"],
 			}
-
 	`)
 
 	fuzz_shared_libtest := ctx.ModuleForTests("fuzz_shared_libtest", "android_arm64_armv8-a_fuzzer").Module().(cc.LinkableInterface)
 	fuzz_static_libtest := ctx.ModuleForTests("fuzz_static_libtest", "android_arm64_armv8-a_fuzzer").Module().(cc.LinkableInterface)
+	fuzz_staticffi_libtest := ctx.ModuleForTests("fuzz_staticffi_libtest", "android_arm64_armv8-a_fuzzer").Module().(cc.LinkableInterface)
 
 	if !strings.Contains(fuzz_shared_libtest.FuzzSharedLibraries().String(), ":libcc_transitive_dep.so") {
 		t.Errorf("cc_fuzz does not contain the expected bundled transitive shared libs from rust_ffi_shared ('libcc_transitive_dep'): %#v", fuzz_shared_libtest.FuzzSharedLibraries().String())
@@ -134,4 +138,7 @@
 	if !strings.Contains(fuzz_static_libtest.FuzzSharedLibraries().String(), ":libcc_transitive_dep.so") {
 		t.Errorf("cc_fuzz does not contain the expected bundled transitive shared libs from rust_ffi_static ('libcc_transitive_dep'): %#v", fuzz_static_libtest.FuzzSharedLibraries().String())
 	}
+	if !strings.Contains(fuzz_staticffi_libtest.FuzzSharedLibraries().String(), ":libcc_transitive_dep.so") {
+		t.Errorf("cc_fuzz does not contain the expected bundled transitive shared libs from rust_ffi_rlib ('libcc_transitive_dep'): %#v", fuzz_staticffi_libtest.FuzzSharedLibraries().String())
+	}
 }
diff --git a/rust/image_test.go b/rust/image_test.go
index ba94906..71e271c 100644
--- a/rust/image_test.go
+++ b/rust/image_test.go
@@ -22,33 +22,45 @@
 	"android/soong/cc"
 )
 
-// Test that cc modules can link against vendor_available rust_ffi_static libraries.
+// Test that cc modules can link against vendor_available rust_ffi_rlib/rust_ffi_static libraries.
 func TestVendorLinkage(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := testRust(t, `
 			cc_binary {
-				name: "fizz_vendor",
-				static_libs: ["libfoo_vendor"],
+				name: "fizz_vendor_available",
+				static_libs: ["libfoo_vendor_static"],
+				static_rlibs: ["libfoo_vendor"],
+				vendor_available: true,
+			}
+			cc_binary {
+				name: "fizz_soc_specific",
+				static_rlibs: ["libfoo_vendor"],
 				soc_specific: true,
 			}
-			rust_ffi_static {
+			rust_ffi_rlib {
 				name: "libfoo_vendor",
 				crate_name: "foo",
 				srcs: ["foo.rs"],
 				vendor_available: true,
 			}
+			rust_ffi_static {
+				name: "libfoo_vendor_static",
+				crate_name: "foo",
+				srcs: ["foo.rs"],
+				vendor_available: true,
+			}
 		`)
 
-	vendorBinary := ctx.ModuleForTests("fizz_vendor", "android_vendor_arm64_armv8-a").Module().(*cc.Module)
+	vendorBinary := ctx.ModuleForTests("fizz_vendor_available", "android_vendor_arm64_armv8-a").Module().(*cc.Module)
 
-	if !android.InList("libfoo_vendor.vendor", vendorBinary.Properties.AndroidMkStaticLibs) {
-		t.Errorf("vendorBinary should have a dependency on libfoo_vendor: %#v", vendorBinary.Properties.AndroidMkStaticLibs)
+	if !android.InList("libfoo_vendor_static.vendor", vendorBinary.Properties.AndroidMkStaticLibs) {
+		t.Errorf("vendorBinary should have a dependency on libfoo_vendor_static.vendor: %#v", vendorBinary.Properties.AndroidMkStaticLibs)
 	}
 }
 
 // Test that variants which use the vndk emit the appropriate cfg flag.
 func TestImageCfgFlag(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := testRust(t, `
-			rust_ffi_static {
+			rust_ffi_shared {
 				name: "libfoo",
 				crate_name: "foo",
 				srcs: ["foo.rs"],
@@ -57,7 +69,7 @@
 			}
 		`)
 
-	vendor := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo", "android_vendor_arm64_armv8-a_static").Rule("rustc")
+	vendor := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo", "android_vendor_arm64_armv8-a_shared").Rule("rustc")
 
 	if !strings.Contains(vendor.Args["rustcFlags"], "--cfg 'android_vndk'") {
 		t.Errorf("missing \"--cfg 'android_vndk'\" for libfoo vendor variant, rustcFlags: %#v", vendor.Args["rustcFlags"])
@@ -69,7 +81,7 @@
 		t.Errorf("unexpected \"--cfg 'android_product'\" for libfoo vendor variant, rustcFlags: %#v", vendor.Args["rustcFlags"])
 	}
 
-	product := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo", "android_product_arm64_armv8-a_static").Rule("rustc")
+	product := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo", "android_product_arm64_armv8-a_shared").Rule("rustc")
 	if !strings.Contains(product.Args["rustcFlags"], "--cfg 'android_vndk'") {
 		t.Errorf("missing \"--cfg 'android_vndk'\" for libfoo product variant, rustcFlags: %#v", product.Args["rustcFlags"])
 	}
@@ -80,7 +92,7 @@
 		t.Errorf("missing \"--cfg 'android_product'\" for libfoo product variant, rustcFlags: %#v", product.Args["rustcFlags"])
 	}
 
-	system := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo", "android_arm64_armv8-a_static").Rule("rustc")
+	system := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo", "android_arm64_armv8-a_shared").Rule("rustc")
 	if strings.Contains(system.Args["rustcFlags"], "--cfg 'android_vndk'") {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected \"--cfg 'android_vndk'\" for libfoo system variant, rustcFlags: %#v", system.Args["rustcFlags"])
 	}
@@ -93,27 +105,34 @@
 
 }
 
-// Test that cc modules can link against vendor_ramdisk_available rust_ffi_static libraries.
+// Test that cc modules can link against vendor_ramdisk_available rust_ffi_rlib and rust_ffi_static libraries.
 func TestVendorRamdiskLinkage(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := testRust(t, `
-			cc_library_static {
+			cc_library_shared {
 				name: "libcc_vendor_ramdisk",
-				static_libs: ["libfoo_vendor_ramdisk"],
+				static_rlibs: ["libfoo_vendor_ramdisk"],
+				static_libs: ["libfoo_static_vendor_ramdisk"],
 				system_shared_libs: [],
 				vendor_ramdisk_available: true,
 			}
-			rust_ffi_static {
+			rust_ffi_rlib {
 				name: "libfoo_vendor_ramdisk",
 				crate_name: "foo",
 				srcs: ["foo.rs"],
 				vendor_ramdisk_available: true,
 			}
+			rust_ffi_static {
+				name: "libfoo_static_vendor_ramdisk",
+				crate_name: "foo",
+				srcs: ["foo.rs"],
+				vendor_ramdisk_available: true,
+			}
 		`)
 
-	vendorRamdiskLibrary := ctx.ModuleForTests("libcc_vendor_ramdisk", "android_vendor_ramdisk_arm64_armv8-a_static").Module().(*cc.Module)
+	vendorRamdiskLibrary := ctx.ModuleForTests("libcc_vendor_ramdisk", "android_vendor_ramdisk_arm64_armv8-a_shared").Module().(*cc.Module)
 
-	if !android.InList("libfoo_vendor_ramdisk.vendor_ramdisk", vendorRamdiskLibrary.Properties.AndroidMkStaticLibs) {
-		t.Errorf("libcc_vendor_ramdisk should have a dependency on libfoo_vendor_ramdisk")
+	if !android.InList("libfoo_static_vendor_ramdisk.vendor_ramdisk", vendorRamdiskLibrary.Properties.AndroidMkStaticLibs) {
+		t.Errorf("libcc_vendor_ramdisk should have a dependency on libfoo_static_vendor_ramdisk")
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/rust/library.go b/rust/library.go
index f58a54f..1eb0c5e 100644
--- a/rust/library.go
+++ b/rust/library.go
@@ -37,10 +37,15 @@
 	android.RegisterModuleType("rust_library_host_rlib", RustLibraryRlibHostFactory)
 	android.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi", RustFFIFactory)
 	android.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_shared", RustFFISharedFactory)
-	android.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_static", RustFFIStaticFactory)
+	android.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_rlib", RustFFIRlibFactory)
 	android.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_host", RustFFIHostFactory)
 	android.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_host_shared", RustFFISharedHostFactory)
-	android.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_host_static", RustFFIStaticHostFactory)
+	android.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_host_rlib", RustFFIRlibHostFactory)
+
+	// TODO: Remove when all instances of rust_ffi_static have been switched to rust_ffi_rlib
+	// Alias rust_ffi_static to the combined rust_ffi_rlib factory
+	android.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_static", RustFFIStaticRlibFactory)
+	android.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_host_static", RustFFIStaticRlibHostFactory)
 }
 
 type VariantLibraryProperties struct {
@@ -104,6 +109,8 @@
 	includeDirs       android.Paths
 	sourceProvider    SourceProvider
 
+	isFFI bool
+
 	// table-of-contents file for cdylib crates to optimize out relinking when possible
 	tocFile android.OptionalPath
 }
@@ -143,6 +150,8 @@
 	BuildOnlyShared()
 
 	toc() android.OptionalPath
+
+	isFFILibrary() bool
 }
 
 func (library *libraryDecorator) nativeCoverage() bool {
@@ -250,7 +259,7 @@
 }
 
 func (library *libraryDecorator) stdLinkage(ctx *depsContext) RustLinkage {
-	if library.static() || library.MutatedProperties.VariantIsStaticStd {
+	if library.static() || library.MutatedProperties.VariantIsStaticStd || (library.rlib() && library.isFFILibrary()) {
 		return RlibLinkage
 	} else if library.baseCompiler.preferRlib() {
 		return RlibLinkage
@@ -270,8 +279,8 @@
 	return module.Init()
 }
 
-// rust_ffi produces all FFI variants (rust_ffi_shared and
-// rust_ffi_static).
+// rust_ffi produces all FFI variants (rust_ffi_shared, rust_ffi_static, and
+// rust_ffi_rlib).
 func RustFFIFactory() android.Module {
 	module, library := NewRustLibrary(android.HostAndDeviceSupported)
 	library.BuildOnlyFFI()
@@ -300,14 +309,6 @@
 	return module.Init()
 }
 
-// rust_ffi_static produces a static library (Rust crate type
-// "staticlib").
-func RustFFIStaticFactory() android.Module {
-	module, library := NewRustLibrary(android.HostAndDeviceSupported)
-	library.BuildOnlyStatic()
-	return module.Init()
-}
-
 // rust_library_host produces all Rust variants for the host
 // (rust_library_dylib_host and rust_library_rlib_host).
 func RustLibraryHostFactory() android.Module {
@@ -317,7 +318,7 @@
 }
 
 // rust_ffi_host produces all FFI variants for the host
-// (rust_ffi_static_host and rust_ffi_shared_host).
+// (rust_ffi_rlib_host, rust_ffi_static_host, and rust_ffi_shared_host).
 func RustFFIHostFactory() android.Module {
 	module, library := NewRustLibrary(android.HostSupported)
 	library.BuildOnlyFFI()
@@ -340,14 +341,6 @@
 	return module.Init()
 }
 
-// rust_ffi_static_host produces a static library for the host (Rust
-// crate type "staticlib").
-func RustFFIStaticHostFactory() android.Module {
-	module, library := NewRustLibrary(android.HostSupported)
-	library.BuildOnlyStatic()
-	return module.Init()
-}
-
 // rust_ffi_shared_host produces an shared library for the host (Rust
 // crate type "cdylib").
 func RustFFISharedHostFactory() android.Module {
@@ -356,11 +349,51 @@
 	return module.Init()
 }
 
+// rust_ffi_rlib_host produces an rlib for the host (Rust crate
+// type "rlib").
+func RustFFIRlibHostFactory() android.Module {
+	module, library := NewRustLibrary(android.HostSupported)
+	library.BuildOnlyRlibStatic()
+
+	library.isFFI = true
+	return module.Init()
+}
+
+// rust_ffi_rlib produces an rlib (Rust crate type "rlib").
+func RustFFIRlibFactory() android.Module {
+	module, library := NewRustLibrary(android.HostAndDeviceSupported)
+	library.BuildOnlyRlib()
+
+	library.isFFI = true
+	return module.Init()
+}
+
+// rust_ffi_static produces a staticlib and an rlib variant
+func RustFFIStaticRlibFactory() android.Module {
+	module, library := NewRustLibrary(android.HostAndDeviceSupported)
+	library.BuildOnlyRlibStatic()
+
+	library.isFFI = true
+	return module.Init()
+}
+
+// rust_ffi_static_host produces a staticlib and an rlib variant for the host
+func RustFFIStaticRlibHostFactory() android.Module {
+	module, library := NewRustLibrary(android.HostSupported)
+	library.BuildOnlyRlibStatic()
+
+	library.isFFI = true
+	return module.Init()
+}
+
 func (library *libraryDecorator) BuildOnlyFFI() {
 	library.MutatedProperties.BuildDylib = false
-	library.MutatedProperties.BuildRlib = false
+	// we build rlibs for later static ffi linkage.
+	library.MutatedProperties.BuildRlib = true
 	library.MutatedProperties.BuildShared = true
 	library.MutatedProperties.BuildStatic = true
+
+	library.isFFI = true
 }
 
 func (library *libraryDecorator) BuildOnlyRust() {
@@ -384,11 +417,21 @@
 	library.MutatedProperties.BuildStatic = false
 }
 
+func (library *libraryDecorator) BuildOnlyRlibStatic() {
+	library.MutatedProperties.BuildDylib = false
+	library.MutatedProperties.BuildRlib = true
+	library.MutatedProperties.BuildShared = false
+	library.MutatedProperties.BuildStatic = true
+	library.isFFI = true
+}
+
 func (library *libraryDecorator) BuildOnlyStatic() {
 	library.MutatedProperties.BuildRlib = false
 	library.MutatedProperties.BuildDylib = false
 	library.MutatedProperties.BuildShared = false
 	library.MutatedProperties.BuildStatic = true
+
+	library.isFFI = true
 }
 
 func (library *libraryDecorator) BuildOnlyShared() {
@@ -396,6 +439,12 @@
 	library.MutatedProperties.BuildDylib = false
 	library.MutatedProperties.BuildStatic = false
 	library.MutatedProperties.BuildShared = true
+
+	library.isFFI = true
+}
+
+func (library *libraryDecorator) isFFILibrary() bool {
+	return library.isFFI
 }
 
 func NewRustLibrary(hod android.HostOrDeviceSupported) (*Module, *libraryDecorator) {
@@ -446,8 +495,15 @@
 	return library.getStem(ctx) + ctx.toolchain().SharedLibSuffix()
 }
 
+// Library cfg flags common to all variants
+func CommonLibraryCfgFlags(ctx android.ModuleContext, flags Flags) Flags {
+	return flags
+}
+
 func (library *libraryDecorator) cfgFlags(ctx ModuleContext, flags Flags) Flags {
 	flags = library.baseCompiler.cfgFlags(ctx, flags)
+	flags = CommonLibraryCfgFlags(ctx, flags)
+
 	if library.dylib() {
 		// We need to add a dependency on std in order to link crates as dylibs.
 		// The hack to add this dependency is guarded by the following cfg so
@@ -455,8 +511,15 @@
 		library.baseCompiler.Properties.Cfgs = append(library.baseCompiler.Properties.Cfgs, "android_dylib")
 	}
 
-	flags.RustFlags = append(flags.RustFlags, library.baseCompiler.cfgsToFlags()...)
-	flags.RustdocFlags = append(flags.RustdocFlags, library.baseCompiler.cfgsToFlags()...)
+	flags.RustFlags = append(flags.RustFlags, cfgsToFlags(library.baseCompiler.Properties.Cfgs)...)
+	flags.RustdocFlags = append(flags.RustdocFlags, cfgsToFlags(library.baseCompiler.Properties.Cfgs)...)
+
+	return flags
+}
+
+// Common flags applied to all libraries irrespective of properties or variant should be included here
+func CommonLibraryCompilerFlags(ctx android.ModuleContext, flags Flags) Flags {
+	flags.RustFlags = append(flags.RustFlags, "-C metadata="+ctx.ModuleName())
 
 	return flags
 }
@@ -464,11 +527,13 @@
 func (library *libraryDecorator) compilerFlags(ctx ModuleContext, flags Flags) Flags {
 	flags = library.baseCompiler.compilerFlags(ctx, flags)
 
-	flags.RustFlags = append(flags.RustFlags, "-C metadata="+ctx.ModuleName())
-	if library.shared() || library.static() {
+	flags = CommonLibraryCompilerFlags(ctx, flags)
+
+	if library.isFFI {
 		library.includeDirs = append(library.includeDirs, android.PathsForModuleSrc(ctx, library.Properties.Include_dirs)...)
 		library.includeDirs = append(library.includeDirs, android.PathsForModuleSrc(ctx, library.Properties.Export_include_dirs)...)
 	}
+
 	if library.shared() {
 		if ctx.Darwin() {
 			flags.LinkFlags = append(
@@ -494,6 +559,9 @@
 		deps.srcProviderFiles = append(deps.srcProviderFiles, library.sourceProvider.Srcs()...)
 	}
 
+	// Ensure link dirs are not duplicated
+	deps.linkDirs = android.FirstUniqueStrings(deps.linkDirs)
+
 	// Calculate output filename
 	if library.rlib() {
 		fileName = library.getStem(ctx) + ctx.toolchain().RlibSuffix()
@@ -549,9 +617,10 @@
 		library.flagExporter.exportLinkObjects(deps.linkObjects...)
 	}
 
-	if library.static() || library.shared() {
+	// Since we have FFI rlibs, we need to collect their includes as well
+	if library.static() || library.shared() || library.rlib() {
 		android.SetProvider(ctx, cc.FlagExporterInfoProvider, cc.FlagExporterInfo{
-			IncludeDirs: library.includeDirs,
+			IncludeDirs: android.FirstUniquePaths(library.includeDirs),
 		})
 	}
 
@@ -666,6 +735,11 @@
 		return
 	}
 
+	// Don't produce rlib/dylib/source variants for shared or static variants
+	if library.shared() || library.static() {
+		return
+	}
+
 	var variants []string
 	// The source variant is used for SourceProvider modules. The other variants (i.e. rlib and dylib)
 	// depend on this variant. It must be the first variant to be declared.
@@ -705,6 +779,9 @@
 			// The source variant does not produce any library.
 			// Disable the compilation steps.
 			v.(*Module).compiler.SetDisabled()
+		case "":
+			// if there's an empty variant, alias it so it is the default variant
+			mctx.AliasVariation("")
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -729,20 +806,29 @@
 		case libraryInterface:
 			// Only create a variant if a library is actually being built.
 			if library.rlib() && !library.sysroot() {
-				variants := []string{"rlib-std", "dylib-std"}
-				modules := mctx.CreateLocalVariations(variants...)
+				// If this is a rust_ffi variant it only needs rlib-std
+				if library.isFFILibrary() {
+					variants := []string{"rlib-std"}
+					modules := mctx.CreateLocalVariations(variants...)
+					rlib := modules[0].(*Module)
+					rlib.compiler.(libraryInterface).setRlibStd()
+					rlib.Properties.RustSubName += RlibStdlibSuffix
+				} else {
+					variants := []string{"rlib-std", "dylib-std"}
+					modules := mctx.CreateLocalVariations(variants...)
 
-				rlib := modules[0].(*Module)
-				dylib := modules[1].(*Module)
-				rlib.compiler.(libraryInterface).setRlibStd()
-				dylib.compiler.(libraryInterface).setDylibStd()
-				if dylib.ModuleBase.ImageVariation().Variation == android.VendorRamdiskVariation {
-					// TODO(b/165791368)
-					// Disable rlibs that link against dylib-std on vendor ramdisk variations until those dylib
-					// variants are properly supported.
-					dylib.Disable()
+					rlib := modules[0].(*Module)
+					dylib := modules[1].(*Module)
+					rlib.compiler.(libraryInterface).setRlibStd()
+					dylib.compiler.(libraryInterface).setDylibStd()
+					if dylib.ModuleBase.ImageVariation().Variation == android.VendorRamdiskVariation {
+						// TODO(b/165791368)
+						// Disable rlibs that link against dylib-std on vendor ramdisk variations until those dylib
+						// variants are properly supported.
+						dylib.Disable()
+					}
+					rlib.Properties.RustSubName += RlibStdlibSuffix
 				}
-				rlib.Properties.RustSubName += RlibStdlibSuffix
 			}
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/rust/library_test.go b/rust/library_test.go
index 7275b66..1133c28 100644
--- a/rust/library_test.go
+++ b/rust/library_test.go
@@ -37,9 +37,10 @@
 		}`)
 
 	// Test all variants are being built.
+	libfooStatic := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo.ffi", "linux_glibc_x86_64_static").Rule("rustc")
 	libfooRlib := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo", "linux_glibc_x86_64_rlib_rlib-std").Rule("rustc")
 	libfooDylib := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo", "linux_glibc_x86_64_dylib").Rule("rustc")
-	libfooStatic := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo.ffi", "linux_glibc_x86_64_static").Rule("rustc")
+	libfooFFIRlib := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo.ffi", "linux_glibc_x86_64_rlib_rlib-std").Rule("rustc")
 	libfooShared := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo.ffi", "linux_glibc_x86_64_shared").Rule("rustc")
 
 	rlibCrateType := "rlib"
@@ -62,6 +63,11 @@
 		t.Errorf("missing crate-type for static variant, expecting %#v, rustcFlags: %#v", staticCrateType, libfooStatic.Args["rustcFlags"])
 	}
 
+	// Test crate type for FFI rlibs is correct
+	if !strings.Contains(libfooFFIRlib.Args["rustcFlags"], "crate-type="+rlibCrateType) {
+		t.Errorf("missing crate-type for static variant, expecting %#v, rustcFlags: %#v", rlibCrateType, libfooFFIRlib.Args["rustcFlags"])
+	}
+
 	// Test crate type for C shared libraries is correct.
 	if !strings.Contains(libfooShared.Args["rustcFlags"], "crate-type="+sharedCrateType) {
 		t.Errorf("missing crate-type for shared variant, expecting %#v, got rustcFlags: %#v", sharedCrateType, libfooShared.Args["rustcFlags"])
@@ -182,15 +188,20 @@
 
 func TestStaticLibraryLinkage(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := testRust(t, `
-		rust_ffi_static {
+		rust_ffi {
 			name: "libfoo",
 			srcs: ["foo.rs"],
 			crate_name: "foo",
 		}`)
 
-	libfoo := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo", "android_arm64_armv8-a_static")
+	libfoo := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo", "android_arm64_armv8-a_rlib_rlib-std")
+	libfooStatic := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo", "android_arm64_armv8-a_static")
 
 	if !android.InList("libstd", libfoo.Module().(*Module).Properties.AndroidMkRlibs) {
+		t.Errorf("Static libstd rlib expected to be a dependency of Rust rlib libraries. Rlib deps are: %#v",
+			libfoo.Module().(*Module).Properties.AndroidMkDylibs)
+	}
+	if !android.InList("libstd", libfooStatic.Module().(*Module).Properties.AndroidMkRlibs) {
 		t.Errorf("Static libstd rlib expected to be a dependency of Rust static libraries. Rlib deps are: %#v",
 			libfoo.Module().(*Module).Properties.AndroidMkDylibs)
 	}
@@ -198,6 +209,12 @@
 
 func TestNativeDependencyOfRlib(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := testRust(t, `
+		rust_ffi_rlib {
+			name: "libffi_rlib",
+			crate_name: "ffi_rlib",
+			rlibs: ["librust_rlib"],
+			srcs: ["foo.rs"],
+		}
 		rust_ffi_static {
 			name: "libffi_static",
 			crate_name: "ffi_static",
@@ -224,10 +241,12 @@
 	rustRlibRlibStd := ctx.ModuleForTests("librust_rlib", "android_arm64_armv8-a_rlib_rlib-std")
 	rustRlibDylibStd := ctx.ModuleForTests("librust_rlib", "android_arm64_armv8-a_rlib_dylib-std")
 	ffiStatic := ctx.ModuleForTests("libffi_static", "android_arm64_armv8-a_static")
+	ffiRlib := ctx.ModuleForTests("libffi_rlib", "android_arm64_armv8-a_rlib_rlib-std")
 
 	modules := []android.TestingModule{
 		rustRlibRlibStd,
 		rustRlibDylibStd,
+		ffiRlib,
 		ffiStatic,
 	}
 
@@ -290,27 +309,28 @@
 
 	libfooRlib := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo", "linux_glibc_x86_64_rlib_rlib-std")
 	libfooDylib := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo", "linux_glibc_x86_64_dylib")
+	libfooFFIRlib := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo.ffi", "linux_glibc_x86_64_rlib_rlib-std")
 	libfooStatic := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo.ffi", "linux_glibc_x86_64_static")
 	libfooShared := ctx.ModuleForTests("libfoo.ffi", "linux_glibc_x86_64_shared")
 
-	for _, static := range []android.TestingModule{libfooRlib, libfooStatic} {
+	for _, static := range []android.TestingModule{libfooRlib, libfooStatic, libfooFFIRlib} {
 		if !android.InList("libbar.rlib-std", static.Module().(*Module).Properties.AndroidMkRlibs) {
-			t.Errorf("libbar not present as rlib dependency in static lib")
+			t.Errorf("libbar not present as rlib dependency in static lib: %s", static.Module().Name())
 		}
 		if android.InList("libbar", static.Module().(*Module).Properties.AndroidMkDylibs) {
-			t.Errorf("libbar present as dynamic dependency in static lib")
+			t.Errorf("libbar present as dynamic dependency in static lib: %s", static.Module().Name())
 		}
 	}
 
 	for _, dyn := range []android.TestingModule{libfooDylib, libfooShared} {
 		if !android.InList("libbar", dyn.Module().(*Module).Properties.AndroidMkDylibs) {
-			t.Errorf("libbar not present as dynamic dependency in dynamic lib")
+			t.Errorf("libbar not present as dynamic dependency in dynamic lib: %s", dyn.Module().Name())
 		}
 		if android.InList("libbar", dyn.Module().(*Module).Properties.AndroidMkRlibs) {
-			t.Errorf("libbar present as rlib dependency in dynamic lib")
+			t.Errorf("libbar present as rlib dependency in dynamic lib: %s", dyn.Module().Name())
 		}
 		if !android.InList("librlib_only", dyn.Module().(*Module).Properties.AndroidMkRlibs) {
-			t.Errorf("librlib_only should be selected by rustlibs as an rlib.")
+			t.Errorf("librlib_only should be selected by rustlibs as an rlib: %s.", dyn.Module().Name())
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -375,6 +395,7 @@
 
 	libbarShared := ctx.ModuleForTests("libbar", "android_arm64_armv8-a_shared").Module().(*Module)
 	libbarStatic := ctx.ModuleForTests("libbar", "android_arm64_armv8-a_static").Module().(*Module)
+	libbarFFIRlib := ctx.ModuleForTests("libbar", "android_arm64_armv8-a_rlib_rlib-std").Module().(*Module)
 
 	// prefer_rlib works the same for both rust_library and rust_ffi, so a single check is sufficient here.
 	libbarRlibStd := ctx.ModuleForTests("libbar.prefer_rlib", "android_arm64_armv8-a_shared").Module().(*Module)
@@ -398,6 +419,12 @@
 	if !android.InList("libfoo.rlib-std", libbarStatic.Properties.AndroidMkRlibs) {
 		t.Errorf("Device rust_ffi_static does not link dependent rustlib rlib-std variant")
 	}
+	if !android.InList("libstd", libbarFFIRlib.Properties.AndroidMkRlibs) {
+		t.Errorf("Device rust_ffi_rlib does not link libstd as an rlib")
+	}
+	if !android.InList("libfoo.rlib-std", libbarFFIRlib.Properties.AndroidMkRlibs) {
+		t.Errorf("Device rust_ffi_rlib does not link dependent rustlib rlib-std variant")
+	}
 	if !android.InList("libstd", libbarRlibStd.Properties.AndroidMkRlibs) {
 		t.Errorf("rust_ffi with prefer_rlib does not link libstd as an rlib")
 	}
diff --git a/rust/proc_macro.go b/rust/proc_macro.go
index b491449..1ff6637 100644
--- a/rust/proc_macro.go
+++ b/rust/proc_macro.go
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@
 	srcPath := crateRootPath(ctx, procMacro)
 	ret := TransformSrctoProcMacro(ctx, srcPath, deps, flags, outputFile)
 	procMacro.baseCompiler.unstrippedOutputFile = outputFile
+
 	return ret
 }
 
diff --git a/rust/rust.go b/rust/rust.go
index e4bb99c..93853e5 100644
--- a/rust/rust.go
+++ b/rust/rust.go
@@ -158,6 +158,8 @@
 	sourceProvider   SourceProvider
 	subAndroidMkOnce map[SubAndroidMkProvider]bool
 
+	exportedLinkDirs []string
+
 	// Output file to be installed, may be stripped or unstripped.
 	outputFile android.OptionalPath
 
@@ -231,8 +233,8 @@
 
 func (mod *Module) NonCcVariants() bool {
 	if mod.compiler != nil {
-		if _, ok := mod.compiler.(libraryInterface); ok {
-			return false
+		if library, ok := mod.compiler.(libraryInterface); ok {
+			return library.buildRlib() || library.buildDylib()
 		}
 	}
 	panic(fmt.Errorf("NonCcVariants called on non-library module: %q", mod.BaseModuleName()))
@@ -462,6 +464,11 @@
 	linkDirs    []string
 	linkObjects []string
 
+	// exportedLinkDirs are exported linkDirs for direct rlib dependencies to
+	// cc_library_static dependants of rlibs.
+	// Track them separately from linkDirs so superfluous -L flags don't get emitted.
+	exportedLinkDirs []string
+
 	// Used by bindgen modules which call clang
 	depClangFlags         []string
 	depIncludePaths       android.Paths
@@ -474,6 +481,9 @@
 	// Paths to generated source files
 	SrcDeps          android.Paths
 	srcProviderFiles android.Paths
+
+	// Used by Generated Libraries
+	depExportedRlibs []cc.RustRlibDep
 }
 
 type RustLibraries []RustLibrary
@@ -540,6 +550,10 @@
 	return mod.Properties.VndkVersion
 }
 
+func (mod *Module) ExportedCrateLinkDirs() []string {
+	return mod.exportedLinkDirs
+}
+
 func (mod *Module) PreventInstall() bool {
 	return mod.Properties.PreventInstall
 }
@@ -654,15 +668,6 @@
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (mod *Module) IncludeDirs() android.Paths {
-	if mod.compiler != nil {
-		if library, ok := mod.compiler.(*libraryDecorator); ok {
-			return library.includeDirs
-		}
-	}
-	panic(fmt.Errorf("IncludeDirs called on non-library module: %q", mod.BaseModuleName()))
-}
-
 func (mod *Module) SetStatic() {
 	if mod.compiler != nil {
 		if library, ok := mod.compiler.(libraryInterface); ok {
@@ -911,6 +916,10 @@
 	}
 
 	deps := mod.depsToPaths(ctx)
+	// Export linkDirs for CC rust generatedlibs
+	mod.exportedLinkDirs = append(mod.exportedLinkDirs, deps.exportedLinkDirs...)
+	mod.exportedLinkDirs = append(mod.exportedLinkDirs, deps.linkDirs...)
+
 	flags := Flags{
 		Toolchain: toolchain,
 	}
@@ -988,6 +997,9 @@
 			if ctx.Failed() {
 				return
 			}
+			// Export your own directory as a linkDir
+			mod.exportedLinkDirs = append(mod.exportedLinkDirs, linkPathFromFilePath(mod.OutputFile().Path()))
+
 		}
 
 		ctx.Phony("rust", ctx.RustModule().OutputFile().Path())
@@ -1218,7 +1230,7 @@
 			return
 		}
 
-		if rustDep, ok := dep.(*Module); ok && !rustDep.CcLibraryInterface() {
+		if rustDep, ok := dep.(*Module); ok && !rustDep.Static() && !rustDep.Shared() {
 			//Handle Rust Modules
 			makeLibName := rustMakeLibName(ctx, mod, rustDep, depName+rustDep.Properties.RustSubName)
 
@@ -1244,9 +1256,16 @@
 				mod.Properties.AndroidMkRlibs = append(mod.Properties.AndroidMkRlibs, makeLibName)
 				mod.Properties.SnapshotRlibs = append(mod.Properties.SnapshotRlibs, cc.BaseLibName(depName))
 
+				// rust_ffi rlibs may export include dirs, so collect those here.
+				exportedInfo, _ := android.OtherModuleProvider(ctx, dep, cc.FlagExporterInfoProvider)
+				depPaths.depIncludePaths = append(depPaths.depIncludePaths, exportedInfo.IncludeDirs...)
+				depPaths.exportedLinkDirs = append(depPaths.exportedLinkDirs, linkPathFromFilePath(rustDep.OutputFile().Path()))
+
 			case procMacroDepTag:
 				directProcMacroDeps = append(directProcMacroDeps, rustDep)
 				mod.Properties.AndroidMkProcMacroLibs = append(mod.Properties.AndroidMkProcMacroLibs, makeLibName)
+				// proc_macro link dirs need to be exported, so collect those here.
+				depPaths.exportedLinkDirs = append(depPaths.exportedLinkDirs, linkPathFromFilePath(rustDep.OutputFile().Path()))
 
 			case sourceDepTag:
 				if _, ok := mod.sourceProvider.(*protobufDecorator); ok {
@@ -1276,12 +1295,12 @@
 				directSrcProvidersDeps = append(directSrcProvidersDeps, rustDep)
 			}
 
+			exportedInfo, _ := android.OtherModuleProvider(ctx, dep, FlagExporterInfoProvider)
 			//Append the dependencies exportedDirs, except for proc-macros which target a different arch/OS
 			if depTag != procMacroDepTag {
-				exportedInfo, _ := android.OtherModuleProvider(ctx, dep, FlagExporterInfoProvider)
-				depPaths.linkDirs = append(depPaths.linkDirs, exportedInfo.LinkDirs...)
 				depPaths.depFlags = append(depPaths.depFlags, exportedInfo.Flags...)
 				depPaths.linkObjects = append(depPaths.linkObjects, exportedInfo.LinkObjects...)
+				depPaths.linkDirs = append(depPaths.linkDirs, exportedInfo.LinkDirs...)
 			}
 
 			if depTag == dylibDepTag || depTag == rlibDepTag || depTag == procMacroDepTag {
@@ -1291,6 +1310,7 @@
 					lib.exportLinkDirs(linkDir)
 				}
 			}
+
 			if depTag == sourceDepTag {
 				if _, ok := mod.sourceProvider.(*protobufDecorator); ok && mod.Source() {
 					if _, ok := rustDep.sourceProvider.(*protobufDecorator); ok {
@@ -1555,6 +1575,7 @@
 	}
 
 	rlibDepVariations := commonDepVariations
+	rlibDepVariations = append(rlibDepVariations, blueprint.Variation{Mutator: "link", Variation: ""})
 
 	if lib, ok := mod.compiler.(libraryInterface); !ok || !lib.sysroot() {
 		rlibDepVariations = append(rlibDepVariations,
@@ -1570,6 +1591,8 @@
 
 	// dylibs
 	dylibDepVariations := append(commonDepVariations, blueprint.Variation{Mutator: "rust_libraries", Variation: dylibVariation})
+	dylibDepVariations = append(dylibDepVariations, blueprint.Variation{Mutator: "link", Variation: ""})
+
 	for _, lib := range deps.Dylibs {
 		actx.AddVariationDependencies(dylibDepVariations, dylibDepTag, lib)
 	}
@@ -1589,7 +1612,7 @@
 					// otherwise select the rlib variant.
 					autoDepVariations := append(commonDepVariations,
 						blueprint.Variation{Mutator: "rust_libraries", Variation: autoDep.variation})
-
+					autoDepVariations = append(autoDepVariations, blueprint.Variation{Mutator: "link", Variation: ""})
 					if actx.OtherModuleDependencyVariantExists(autoDepVariations, lib) {
 						actx.AddVariationDependencies(autoDepVariations, autoDep.depTag, lib)
 
@@ -1604,7 +1627,11 @@
 			for _, lib := range deps.Rustlibs {
 				srcProviderVariations := append(commonDepVariations,
 					blueprint.Variation{Mutator: "rust_libraries", Variation: "source"})
+				srcProviderVariations = append(srcProviderVariations, blueprint.Variation{Mutator: "link", Variation: ""})
 
+				// Only add rustlib dependencies if they're source providers themselves.
+				// This is used to track which crate names need to be added to the source generated
+				// in the rust_protobuf mod.rs.
 				if actx.OtherModuleDependencyVariantExists(srcProviderVariations, lib) {
 					actx.AddVariationDependencies(srcProviderVariations, sourceDepTag, lib)
 				}
@@ -1616,7 +1643,7 @@
 	if deps.Stdlibs != nil {
 		if mod.compiler.stdLinkage(ctx) == RlibLinkage {
 			for _, lib := range deps.Stdlibs {
-				actx.AddVariationDependencies(append(commonDepVariations, []blueprint.Variation{{Mutator: "rust_libraries", Variation: "rlib"}}...),
+				actx.AddVariationDependencies(append(commonDepVariations, []blueprint.Variation{{Mutator: "rust_libraries", Variation: "rlib"}, {Mutator: "link", Variation: ""}}...),
 					rlibDepTag, lib)
 			}
 		} else {
diff --git a/rust/rust_test.go b/rust/rust_test.go
index 6d083f6..8b96df8 100644
--- a/rust/rust_test.go
+++ b/rust/rust_test.go
@@ -150,15 +150,11 @@
 			host_supported: true,
 			name: "cc_stubs_dep",
 		}
-		rust_ffi_host_static {
+		cc_library_host_static {
 			name: "libstatic",
-			srcs: ["foo.rs"],
-			crate_name: "static",
 		}
-		rust_ffi_host_static {
+		cc_library_host_static {
 			name: "libwholestatic",
-			srcs: ["foo.rs"],
-			crate_name: "wholestatic",
 		}
 		rust_ffi_host_shared {
 			name: "libshared",
@@ -435,6 +431,105 @@
 	}
 }
 
+func TestRustRlibs(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := testRust(t, `
+		rust_ffi_rlib {
+			name: "libbar",
+			crate_name: "bar",
+			srcs: ["src/lib.rs"],
+			export_include_dirs: ["bar_includes"]
+		}
+
+		rust_ffi_rlib {
+			name: "libfoo",
+			crate_name: "foo",
+			srcs: ["src/lib.rs"],
+			export_include_dirs: ["foo_includes"]
+		}
+
+		cc_library_shared {
+			name: "libcc_shared",
+			srcs:["foo.c"],
+			static_rlibs: ["libbar"],
+		}
+
+		cc_library_static {
+			name: "libcc_static",
+			srcs:["foo.c"],
+			static_rlibs: ["libfoo"],
+		}
+
+		cc_binary {
+			name: "ccBin",
+			srcs:["foo.c"],
+			static_rlibs: ["libbar"],
+			static_libs: ["libcc_static"],
+		}
+		`)
+
+	libbar := ctx.ModuleForTests("libbar", "android_arm64_armv8-a_rlib_rlib-std").Rule("rustc")
+	libcc_shared_rustc := ctx.ModuleForTests("libcc_shared", "android_arm64_armv8-a_shared").Rule("rustc")
+	libcc_shared_ld := ctx.ModuleForTests("libcc_shared", "android_arm64_armv8-a_shared").Rule("ld")
+	libcc_shared_cc := ctx.ModuleForTests("libcc_shared", "android_arm64_armv8-a_shared").Rule("cc")
+	ccbin_rustc := ctx.ModuleForTests("ccBin", "android_arm64_armv8-a").Rule("rustc")
+	ccbin_ld := ctx.ModuleForTests("ccBin", "android_arm64_armv8-a").Rule("ld")
+	ccbin_cc := ctx.ModuleForTests("ccBin", "android_arm64_armv8-a").Rule("cc")
+
+	if !strings.Contains(libbar.Args["rustcFlags"], "crate-type=rlib") {
+		t.Errorf("missing crate-type for static variant, expecting %#v, rustcFlags: %#v", "rlib", libbar.Args["rustcFlags"])
+	}
+
+	// Make sure there's a rustc command, and it's producing a staticlib
+	if !strings.Contains(libcc_shared_rustc.Args["rustcFlags"], "crate-type=staticlib") {
+		t.Errorf("missing crate-type for static variant, expecting %#v, rustcFlags: %#v",
+			"staticlib", libcc_shared_rustc.Args["rustcFlags"])
+	}
+
+	// Make sure the static lib is included in the ld command
+	if !strings.Contains(libcc_shared_ld.Args["libFlags"], "generated_rust_staticlib/liblibcc_shared_rust_staticlib.a") {
+		t.Errorf("missing generated static library in linker step libFlags %#v, libFlags: %#v",
+			"libcc_shared.generated_rust_staticlib.a", libcc_shared_ld.Args["libFlags"])
+	}
+
+	// Make sure the static lib includes are in the cc command
+	if !strings.Contains(libcc_shared_cc.Args["cFlags"], "-Ibar_includes") {
+		t.Errorf("missing rlibs includes, expecting %#v, cFlags: %#v",
+			"-Ibar_includes", libcc_shared_cc.Args["cFlags"])
+	}
+
+	// Make sure there's a rustc command, and it's producing a staticlib
+	if !strings.Contains(ccbin_rustc.Args["rustcFlags"], "crate-type=staticlib") {
+		t.Errorf("missing crate-type for static variant, expecting %#v, rustcFlags: %#v", "staticlib", ccbin_rustc.Args["rustcFlags"])
+	}
+
+	// Make sure the static lib is included in the cc command
+	if !strings.Contains(ccbin_ld.Args["libFlags"], "generated_rust_staticlib/libccBin_rust_staticlib.a") {
+		t.Errorf("missing generated static library in linker step libFlags, expecting %#v, libFlags: %#v",
+			"ccBin.generated_rust_staticlib.a", ccbin_ld.Args["libFlags"])
+	}
+
+	// Make sure the static lib includes are in the ld command
+	if !strings.Contains(ccbin_cc.Args["cFlags"], "-Ibar_includes") {
+		t.Errorf("missing rlibs includes, expecting %#v, cFlags: %#v",
+			"-Ibar_includes", ccbin_cc.Args)
+	}
+
+	// Make sure that direct dependencies and indirect dependencies are
+	// propagating correctly to the generated rlib.
+	if !strings.Contains(ccbin_rustc.Args["libFlags"], "--extern foo=") {
+		t.Errorf("Missing indirect dependency libfoo when writing generated Rust staticlib: %#v", ccbin_rustc.Args["libFlags"])
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(ccbin_rustc.Args["libFlags"], "--extern bar=") {
+		t.Errorf("Missing direct dependency libbar when writing generated Rust staticlib: %#v", ccbin_rustc.Args["libFlags"])
+	}
+
+	// Test indirect includes propagation
+	if !strings.Contains(ccbin_cc.Args["cFlags"], "-Ifoo_includes") {
+		t.Errorf("missing rlibs includes, expecting %#v, cFlags: %#v",
+			"-Ifoo_includes", ccbin_cc.Args)
+	}
+}
+
 func assertString(t *testing.T, got, expected string) {
 	t.Helper()
 	if got != expected {
diff --git a/rust/testing.go b/rust/testing.go
index 5837dcc..f31c591 100644
--- a/rust/testing.go
+++ b/rust/testing.go
@@ -49,16 +49,28 @@
 func GatherRequiredDepsForTest() string {
 	bp := `
 		rust_prebuilt_library {
-				name: "libstd",
-				crate_name: "std",
-				rlib: {
-					srcs: ["libstd.rlib"],
-				},
-				dylib: {
-					srcs: ["libstd.so"],
-				},
-				host_supported: true,
-				sysroot: true,
+			name: "libstd",
+			crate_name: "std",
+			rlib: {
+				srcs: ["libstd/libstd.rlib"],
+			},
+			dylib: {
+				srcs: ["libstd/libstd.so"],
+			},
+			host_supported: true,
+			sysroot: true,
+		}
+		rust_prebuilt_library {
+			name: "libcore.sysroot",
+			crate_name: "core",
+			rlib: {
+				srcs: ["libcore/libcore.rlib"],
+			},
+			dylib: {
+				srcs: ["libcore/libcore.so"],
+			},
+			host_supported: true,
+			sysroot: true,
 		}
 		//////////////////////////////
 		// Device module requirements
@@ -176,10 +188,12 @@
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_fuzz_host", RustFuzzHostFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi", RustFFIFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_shared", RustFFISharedFactory)
-	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_static", RustFFIStaticFactory)
+	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_rlib", RustFFIRlibFactory)
+	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_static", RustFFIStaticRlibFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_host", RustFFIHostFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_host_shared", RustFFISharedHostFactory)
-	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_host_static", RustFFIStaticHostFactory)
+	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_host_rlib", RustFFIRlibHostFactory)
+	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_ffi_host_static", RustFFIStaticRlibHostFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_proc_macro", ProcMacroFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_protobuf", RustProtobufFactory)
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("rust_protobuf_host", RustProtobufHostFactory)