Merge "Add a way to remove duplicates from Bazel label lists, to e.g. avoid duplicate deps."
diff --git a/android/Android.bp b/android/Android.bp
index f17a8a0..588ad5e 100644
--- a/android/Android.bp
+++ b/android/Android.bp
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
         "singleton.go",
         "singleton_module.go",
         "soong_config_modules.go",
+        "test_asserts.go",
         "test_suites.go",
         "testing.go",
         "util.go",
diff --git a/android/apex.go b/android/apex.go
index a014592..79d8cdd 100644
--- a/android/apex.go
+++ b/android/apex.go
@@ -719,6 +719,8 @@
 // Generate two module out files:
 // 1. FullList with transitive deps and their parents in the dep graph
 // 2. FlatList with a flat list of transitive deps
+// In both cases transitive deps of external deps are not included. Neither are deps that are only
+// available to APEXes; they are developed with updatability in mind and don't need manual approval.
 func (d *ApexBundleDepsInfo) BuildDepsInfoLists(ctx ModuleContext, minSdkVersion string, depInfos DepNameToDepInfoMap) {
 	var fullContent strings.Builder
 	var flatContent strings.Builder
diff --git a/android/fixture.go b/android/fixture.go
index 552c8f5..d8893f7 100644
--- a/android/fixture.go
+++ b/android/fixture.go
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"reflect"
-	"strings"
 	"testing"
 )
 
@@ -237,8 +235,14 @@
 // A set of mock files to add to the mock file system.
 type MockFS map[string][]byte
 
+// Merge adds the extra entries from the supplied map to this one.
+//
+// Fails if the supplied map files with the same paths are present in both of them.
 func (fs MockFS) Merge(extra map[string][]byte) {
 	for p, c := range extra {
+		if _, ok := fs[p]; ok {
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("attempted to add file %s to the mock filesystem but it already exists", p))
+		}
 		fs[p] = c
 	}
 }
@@ -289,17 +293,40 @@
 }
 
 // Add a file to the mock filesystem
+//
+// Fail if the filesystem already contains a file with that path, use FixtureOverrideFile instead.
 func FixtureAddFile(path string, contents []byte) FixturePreparer {
 	return FixtureModifyMockFS(func(fs MockFS) {
+		if _, ok := fs[path]; ok {
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("attempted to add file %s to the mock filesystem but it already exists, use FixtureOverride*File instead", path))
+		}
 		fs[path] = contents
 	})
 }
 
 // Add a text file to the mock filesystem
+//
+// Fail if the filesystem already contains a file with that path.
 func FixtureAddTextFile(path string, contents string) FixturePreparer {
 	return FixtureAddFile(path, []byte(contents))
 }
 
+// Override a file in the mock filesystem
+//
+// If the file does not exist this behaves as FixtureAddFile.
+func FixtureOverrideFile(path string, contents []byte) FixturePreparer {
+	return FixtureModifyMockFS(func(fs MockFS) {
+		fs[path] = contents
+	})
+}
+
+// Override a text file in the mock filesystem
+//
+// If the file does not exist this behaves as FixtureAddTextFile.
+func FixtureOverrideTextFile(path string, contents string) FixturePreparer {
+	return FixtureOverrideFile(path, []byte(contents))
+}
+
 // Add the root Android.bp file with the supplied contents.
 func FixtureWithRootAndroidBp(contents string) FixturePreparer {
 	return FixtureAddTextFile("Android.bp", contents)
@@ -440,16 +467,16 @@
 	// The supplied result can be used to access the state of the code under test just as the main
 	// body of the test would but if any errors other than ones expected are reported the state may
 	// be indeterminate.
-	CheckErrors(result *TestResult)
+	CheckErrors(t *testing.T, result *TestResult)
 }
 
 type simpleErrorHandler struct {
-	function func(result *TestResult)
+	function func(t *testing.T, result *TestResult)
 }
 
-func (h simpleErrorHandler) CheckErrors(result *TestResult) {
-	result.Helper()
-	h.function(result)
+func (h simpleErrorHandler) CheckErrors(t *testing.T, result *TestResult) {
+	t.Helper()
+	h.function(t, result)
 }
 
 // The default fixture error handler.
@@ -459,9 +486,9 @@
 // If the test fails this handler will call `result.FailNow()` which will exit the goroutine within
 // which the test is being run which means that the RunTest() method will not return.
 var FixtureExpectsNoErrors = FixtureCustomErrorHandler(
-	func(result *TestResult) {
-		result.Helper()
-		FailIfErrored(result.T, result.Errs)
+	func(t *testing.T, result *TestResult) {
+		t.Helper()
+		FailIfErrored(t, result.Errs)
 	},
 )
 
@@ -478,10 +505,10 @@
 // If the test fails this handler will call `result.FailNow()` which will exit the goroutine within
 // which the test is being run which means that the RunTest() method will not return.
 func FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(pattern string) FixtureErrorHandler {
-	return FixtureCustomErrorHandler(func(result *TestResult) {
-		result.Helper()
-		if !FailIfNoMatchingErrors(result.T, pattern, result.Errs) {
-			result.FailNow()
+	return FixtureCustomErrorHandler(func(t *testing.T, result *TestResult) {
+		t.Helper()
+		if !FailIfNoMatchingErrors(t, pattern, result.Errs) {
+			t.FailNow()
 		}
 	})
 }
@@ -500,14 +527,14 @@
 // If the test fails this handler will call `result.FailNow()` which will exit the goroutine within
 // which the test is being run which means that the RunTest() method will not return.
 func FixtureExpectsAllErrorsToMatchAPattern(patterns []string) FixtureErrorHandler {
-	return FixtureCustomErrorHandler(func(result *TestResult) {
-		result.Helper()
-		CheckErrorsAgainstExpectations(result.T, result.Errs, patterns)
+	return FixtureCustomErrorHandler(func(t *testing.T, result *TestResult) {
+		t.Helper()
+		CheckErrorsAgainstExpectations(t, result.Errs, patterns)
 	})
 }
 
 // FixtureCustomErrorHandler creates a custom error handler
-func FixtureCustomErrorHandler(function func(result *TestResult)) FixtureErrorHandler {
+func FixtureCustomErrorHandler(function func(t *testing.T, result *TestResult)) FixtureErrorHandler {
 	return simpleErrorHandler{
 		function: function,
 	}
@@ -519,122 +546,6 @@
 	RunTest() *TestResult
 }
 
-// Provides general test support.
-type TestHelper struct {
-	*testing.T
-}
-
-// AssertBoolEquals checks if the expected and actual values are equal and if they are not then it
-// reports an error prefixed with the supplied message and including a reason for why it failed.
-func (h *TestHelper) AssertBoolEquals(message string, expected bool, actual bool) {
-	h.Helper()
-	if actual != expected {
-		h.Errorf("%s: expected %t, actual %t", message, expected, actual)
-	}
-}
-
-// AssertStringEquals checks if the expected and actual values are equal and if they are not then
-// it reports an error prefixed with the supplied message and including a reason for why it failed.
-func (h *TestHelper) AssertStringEquals(message string, expected string, actual string) {
-	h.Helper()
-	if actual != expected {
-		h.Errorf("%s: expected %s, actual %s", message, expected, actual)
-	}
-}
-
-// AssertErrorMessageEquals checks if the error is not nil and has the expected message. If it does
-// not then this reports an error prefixed with the supplied message and including a reason for why
-// it failed.
-func (h *TestHelper) AssertErrorMessageEquals(message string, expected string, actual error) {
-	h.Helper()
-	if actual == nil {
-		h.Errorf("Expected error but was nil")
-	} else if actual.Error() != expected {
-		h.Errorf("%s: expected %s, actual %s", message, expected, actual.Error())
-	}
-}
-
-// AssertTrimmedStringEquals checks if the expected and actual values are the same after trimming
-// leading and trailing spaces from them both. If they are not then it reports an error prefixed
-// with the supplied message and including a reason for why it failed.
-func (h *TestHelper) AssertTrimmedStringEquals(message string, expected string, actual string) {
-	h.Helper()
-	h.AssertStringEquals(message, strings.TrimSpace(expected), strings.TrimSpace(actual))
-}
-
-// AssertStringDoesContain checks if the string contains the expected substring. If it does not
-// then it reports an error prefixed with the supplied message and including a reason for why it
-// failed.
-func (h *TestHelper) AssertStringDoesContain(message string, s string, expectedSubstring string) {
-	h.Helper()
-	if !strings.Contains(s, expectedSubstring) {
-		h.Errorf("%s: could not find %q within %q", message, expectedSubstring, s)
-	}
-}
-
-// AssertStringDoesNotContain checks if the string contains the expected substring. If it does then
-// it reports an error prefixed with the supplied message and including a reason for why it failed.
-func (h *TestHelper) AssertStringDoesNotContain(message string, s string, unexpectedSubstring string) {
-	h.Helper()
-	if strings.Contains(s, unexpectedSubstring) {
-		h.Errorf("%s: unexpectedly found %q within %q", message, unexpectedSubstring, s)
-	}
-}
-
-// AssertStringListContains checks if the list of strings contains the expected string. If it does
-// not then it reports an error prefixed with the supplied message and including a reason for why it
-// failed.
-func (h *TestHelper) AssertStringListContains(message string, list []string, expected string) {
-	h.Helper()
-	if !InList(expected, list) {
-		h.Errorf("%s: could not find %q within %q", message, expected, list)
-	}
-}
-
-// AssertArrayString checks if the expected and actual values are equal and if they are not then it
-// reports an error prefixed with the supplied message and including a reason for why it failed.
-func (h *TestHelper) AssertArrayString(message string, expected, actual []string) {
-	h.Helper()
-	if len(actual) != len(expected) {
-		h.Errorf("%s: expected %d (%q), actual (%d) %q", message, len(expected), expected, len(actual), actual)
-		return
-	}
-	for i := range actual {
-		if actual[i] != expected[i] {
-			h.Errorf("%s: expected %d-th, %q (%q), actual %q (%q)",
-				message, i, expected[i], expected, actual[i], actual)
-			return
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// AssertDeepEquals checks if the expected and actual values are equal using reflect.DeepEqual and
-// if they are not then it reports an error prefixed with the supplied message and including a
-// reason for why it failed.
-func (h *TestHelper) AssertDeepEquals(message string, expected interface{}, actual interface{}) {
-	h.Helper()
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(actual, expected) {
-		h.Errorf("%s: expected:\n  %#v\n got:\n  %#v", message, expected, actual)
-	}
-}
-
-// AssertPanic checks that the supplied function panics as expected.
-func (h *TestHelper) AssertPanic(message string, funcThatShouldPanic func()) {
-	h.Helper()
-	panicked := false
-	func() {
-		defer func() {
-			if x := recover(); x != nil {
-				panicked = true
-			}
-		}()
-		funcThatShouldPanic()
-	}()
-	if !panicked {
-		h.Error(message)
-	}
-}
-
 // Struct to allow TestResult to embed a *TestContext and allow call forwarding to its methods.
 type testContext struct {
 	*TestContext
@@ -642,7 +553,6 @@
 
 // The result of running a test.
 type TestResult struct {
-	TestHelper
 	testContext
 
 	fixture *fixture
@@ -787,14 +697,13 @@
 	}
 
 	result := &TestResult{
-		TestHelper:  TestHelper{T: f.t},
 		testContext: testContext{ctx},
 		fixture:     f,
 		Config:      f.config,
 		Errs:        errs,
 	}
 
-	f.errorHandler.CheckErrors(result)
+	f.errorHandler.CheckErrors(f.t, result)
 
 	return result
 }
@@ -830,36 +739,7 @@
 	return result
 }
 
-// NewFixture creates a new test fixture that is based on the one that created this result. It is
-// intended to test the output of module types that generate content to be processed by the build,
-// e.g. sdk snapshots.
-func (r *TestResult) NewFixture(preparers ...FixturePreparer) Fixture {
-	return r.fixture.factory.Fixture(r.T, preparers...)
-}
-
-// RunTest is shorthand for NewFixture(preparers...).RunTest().
-func (r *TestResult) RunTest(preparers ...FixturePreparer) *TestResult {
-	r.Helper()
-	return r.fixture.factory.Fixture(r.T, preparers...).RunTest()
-}
-
 // Module returns the module with the specific name and of the specified variant.
 func (r *TestResult) Module(name string, variant string) Module {
 	return r.ModuleForTests(name, variant).Module()
 }
-
-// Create a *TestResult object suitable for use within a subtest.
-//
-// This ensures that any errors reported by the TestResult, e.g. from within one of its
-// Assert... methods, will be associated with the sub test and not the main test.
-//
-// result := ....RunTest()
-// t.Run("subtest", func(t *testing.T) {
-//    subResult := result.ResultForSubTest(t)
-//    subResult.AssertStringEquals("something", ....)
-// })
-func (r *TestResult) ResultForSubTest(t *testing.T) *TestResult {
-	subTestResult := *r
-	r.T = t
-	return &subTestResult
-}
diff --git a/android/fixture_test.go b/android/fixture_test.go
index 5a7bf3b..a31ef16 100644
--- a/android/fixture_test.go
+++ b/android/fixture_test.go
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@
 
 	extension.Fixture(t, preparer1, preparer2, preparer2Then1, preparer3)
 
-	h := TestHelper{t}
-	h.AssertDeepEquals("preparers called in wrong order",
+	AssertDeepEquals(t, "preparers called in wrong order",
 		[]string{"preparer1", "preparer2", "preparer4", "preparer3"}, list)
 }
diff --git a/android/licenses_test.go b/android/licenses_test.go
index d0e3533..a581932 100644
--- a/android/licenses_test.go
+++ b/android/licenses_test.go
@@ -482,33 +482,33 @@
 				RunTest(t)
 
 			if test.effectiveLicenses != nil {
-				checkEffectiveLicenses(result, test.effectiveLicenses)
+				checkEffectiveLicenses(t, result, test.effectiveLicenses)
 			}
 
 			if test.effectivePackage != nil {
-				checkEffectivePackage(result, test.effectivePackage)
+				checkEffectivePackage(t, result, test.effectivePackage)
 			}
 
 			if test.effectiveNotices != nil {
-				checkEffectiveNotices(result, test.effectiveNotices)
+				checkEffectiveNotices(t, result, test.effectiveNotices)
 			}
 
 			if test.effectiveKinds != nil {
-				checkEffectiveKinds(result, test.effectiveKinds)
+				checkEffectiveKinds(t, result, test.effectiveKinds)
 			}
 
 			if test.effectiveConditions != nil {
-				checkEffectiveConditions(result, test.effectiveConditions)
+				checkEffectiveConditions(t, result, test.effectiveConditions)
 			}
 
 			if test.effectiveInheritedLicenses != nil {
-				checkEffectiveInheritedLicenses(result, test.effectiveInheritedLicenses)
+				checkEffectiveInheritedLicenses(t, result, test.effectiveInheritedLicenses)
 			}
 		})
 	}
 }
 
-func checkEffectiveLicenses(result *TestResult, effectiveLicenses map[string][]string) {
+func checkEffectiveLicenses(t *testing.T, result *TestResult, effectiveLicenses map[string][]string) {
 	actualLicenses := make(map[string][]string)
 	result.Context.Context.VisitAllModules(func(m blueprint.Module) {
 		if _, ok := m.(*licenseModule); ok {
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@
 		}
 		module, ok := m.(Module)
 		if !ok {
-			result.Errorf("%q not a module", m.Name())
+			t.Errorf("%q not a module", m.Name())
 			return
 		}
 		base := module.base()
@@ -538,12 +538,12 @@
 			licenses = []string{}
 		}
 		if !compareUnorderedStringArrays(expectedLicenses, licenses) {
-			result.Errorf("effective licenses mismatch for module %q: expected %q, found %q", moduleName, expectedLicenses, licenses)
+			t.Errorf("effective licenses mismatch for module %q: expected %q, found %q", moduleName, expectedLicenses, licenses)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-func checkEffectiveInheritedLicenses(result *TestResult, effectiveInheritedLicenses map[string][]string) {
+func checkEffectiveInheritedLicenses(t *testing.T, result *TestResult, effectiveInheritedLicenses map[string][]string) {
 	actualLicenses := make(map[string][]string)
 	result.Context.Context.VisitAllModules(func(m blueprint.Module) {
 		if _, ok := m.(*licenseModule); ok {
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@
 		}
 		module, ok := m.(Module)
 		if !ok {
-			result.Errorf("%q not a module", m.Name())
+			t.Errorf("%q not a module", m.Name())
 			return
 		}
 		base := module.base()
@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@
 			}
 			cmodule, ok := c.(Module)
 			if !ok {
-				result.Errorf("%q not a module", c.Name())
+				t.Errorf("%q not a module", c.Name())
 				return
 			}
 			cbase := cmodule.base()
@@ -603,12 +603,12 @@
 			licenses = []string{}
 		}
 		if !compareUnorderedStringArrays(expectedInheritedLicenses, licenses) {
-			result.Errorf("effective inherited licenses mismatch for module %q: expected %q, found %q", moduleName, expectedInheritedLicenses, licenses)
+			t.Errorf("effective inherited licenses mismatch for module %q: expected %q, found %q", moduleName, expectedInheritedLicenses, licenses)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-func checkEffectivePackage(result *TestResult, effectivePackage map[string]string) {
+func checkEffectivePackage(t *testing.T, result *TestResult, effectivePackage map[string]string) {
 	actualPackage := make(map[string]string)
 	result.Context.Context.VisitAllModules(func(m blueprint.Module) {
 		if _, ok := m.(*licenseModule); ok {
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@
 		}
 		module, ok := m.(Module)
 		if !ok {
-			result.Errorf("%q not a module", m.Name())
+			t.Errorf("%q not a module", m.Name())
 			return
 		}
 		base := module.base()
@@ -643,12 +643,12 @@
 			packageName = ""
 		}
 		if expectedPackage != packageName {
-			result.Errorf("effective package mismatch for module %q: expected %q, found %q", moduleName, expectedPackage, packageName)
+			t.Errorf("effective package mismatch for module %q: expected %q, found %q", moduleName, expectedPackage, packageName)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-func checkEffectiveNotices(result *TestResult, effectiveNotices map[string][]string) {
+func checkEffectiveNotices(t *testing.T, result *TestResult, effectiveNotices map[string][]string) {
 	actualNotices := make(map[string][]string)
 	result.Context.Context.VisitAllModules(func(m blueprint.Module) {
 		if _, ok := m.(*licenseModule); ok {
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@
 		}
 		module, ok := m.(Module)
 		if !ok {
-			result.Errorf("%q not a module", m.Name())
+			t.Errorf("%q not a module", m.Name())
 			return
 		}
 		base := module.base()
@@ -678,12 +678,12 @@
 			notices = []string{}
 		}
 		if !compareUnorderedStringArrays(expectedNotices, notices) {
-			result.Errorf("effective notice files mismatch for module %q: expected %q, found %q", moduleName, expectedNotices, notices)
+			t.Errorf("effective notice files mismatch for module %q: expected %q, found %q", moduleName, expectedNotices, notices)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-func checkEffectiveKinds(result *TestResult, effectiveKinds map[string][]string) {
+func checkEffectiveKinds(t *testing.T, result *TestResult, effectiveKinds map[string][]string) {
 	actualKinds := make(map[string][]string)
 	result.Context.Context.VisitAllModules(func(m blueprint.Module) {
 		if _, ok := m.(*licenseModule); ok {
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@
 		}
 		module, ok := m.(Module)
 		if !ok {
-			result.Errorf("%q not a module", m.Name())
+			t.Errorf("%q not a module", m.Name())
 			return
 		}
 		base := module.base()
@@ -713,12 +713,12 @@
 			kinds = []string{}
 		}
 		if !compareUnorderedStringArrays(expectedKinds, kinds) {
-			result.Errorf("effective license kinds mismatch for module %q: expected %q, found %q", moduleName, expectedKinds, kinds)
+			t.Errorf("effective license kinds mismatch for module %q: expected %q, found %q", moduleName, expectedKinds, kinds)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-func checkEffectiveConditions(result *TestResult, effectiveConditions map[string][]string) {
+func checkEffectiveConditions(t *testing.T, result *TestResult, effectiveConditions map[string][]string) {
 	actualConditions := make(map[string][]string)
 	result.Context.Context.VisitAllModules(func(m blueprint.Module) {
 		if _, ok := m.(*licenseModule); ok {
@@ -732,7 +732,7 @@
 		}
 		module, ok := m.(Module)
 		if !ok {
-			result.Errorf("%q not a module", m.Name())
+			t.Errorf("%q not a module", m.Name())
 			return
 		}
 		base := module.base()
@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@
 			conditions = []string{}
 		}
 		if !compareUnorderedStringArrays(expectedConditions, conditions) {
-			result.Errorf("effective license conditions mismatch for module %q: expected %q, found %q", moduleName, expectedConditions, conditions)
+			t.Errorf("effective license conditions mismatch for module %q: expected %q, found %q", moduleName, expectedConditions, conditions)
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/android/test_asserts.go b/android/test_asserts.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0de523
--- /dev/null
+++ b/android/test_asserts.go
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package android
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// This file contains general purpose test assert functions.
+
+// AssertBoolEquals checks if the expected and actual values are equal and if they are not then it
+// reports an error prefixed with the supplied message and including a reason for why it failed.
+func AssertBoolEquals(t *testing.T, message string, expected bool, actual bool) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if actual != expected {
+		t.Errorf("%s: expected %t, actual %t", message, expected, actual)
+	}
+}
+
+// AssertStringEquals checks if the expected and actual values are equal and if they are not then
+// it reports an error prefixed with the supplied message and including a reason for why it failed.
+func AssertStringEquals(t *testing.T, message string, expected string, actual string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if actual != expected {
+		t.Errorf("%s: expected %s, actual %s", message, expected, actual)
+	}
+}
+
+// AssertErrorMessageEquals checks if the error is not nil and has the expected message. If it does
+// not then this reports an error prefixed with the supplied message and including a reason for why
+// it failed.
+func AssertErrorMessageEquals(t *testing.T, message string, expected string, actual error) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if actual == nil {
+		t.Errorf("Expected error but was nil")
+	} else if actual.Error() != expected {
+		t.Errorf("%s: expected %s, actual %s", message, expected, actual.Error())
+	}
+}
+
+// AssertTrimmedStringEquals checks if the expected and actual values are the same after trimming
+// leading and trailing spaces from them both. If they are not then it reports an error prefixed
+// with the supplied message and including a reason for why it failed.
+func AssertTrimmedStringEquals(t *testing.T, message string, expected string, actual string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	AssertStringEquals(t, message, strings.TrimSpace(expected), strings.TrimSpace(actual))
+}
+
+// AssertStringDoesContain checks if the string contains the expected substring. If it does not
+// then it reports an error prefixed with the supplied message and including a reason for why it
+// failed.
+func AssertStringDoesContain(t *testing.T, message string, s string, expectedSubstring string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if !strings.Contains(s, expectedSubstring) {
+		t.Errorf("%s: could not find %q within %q", message, expectedSubstring, s)
+	}
+}
+
+// AssertStringDoesNotContain checks if the string contains the expected substring. If it does then
+// it reports an error prefixed with the supplied message and including a reason for why it failed.
+func AssertStringDoesNotContain(t *testing.T, message string, s string, unexpectedSubstring string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if strings.Contains(s, unexpectedSubstring) {
+		t.Errorf("%s: unexpectedly found %q within %q", message, unexpectedSubstring, s)
+	}
+}
+
+// AssertStringListContains checks if the list of strings contains the expected string. If it does
+// not then it reports an error prefixed with the supplied message and including a reason for why it
+// failed.
+func AssertStringListContains(t *testing.T, message string, list []string, expected string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if !InList(expected, list) {
+		t.Errorf("%s: could not find %q within %q", message, expected, list)
+	}
+}
+
+// AssertArrayString checks if the expected and actual values are equal and if they are not then it
+// reports an error prefixed with the supplied message and including a reason for why it failed.
+func AssertArrayString(t *testing.T, message string, expected, actual []string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if len(actual) != len(expected) {
+		t.Errorf("%s: expected %d (%q), actual (%d) %q", message, len(expected), expected, len(actual), actual)
+		return
+	}
+	for i := range actual {
+		if actual[i] != expected[i] {
+			t.Errorf("%s: expected %d-th, %q (%q), actual %q (%q)",
+				message, i, expected[i], expected, actual[i], actual)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// AssertDeepEquals checks if the expected and actual values are equal using reflect.DeepEqual and
+// if they are not then it reports an error prefixed with the supplied message and including a
+// reason for why it failed.
+func AssertDeepEquals(t *testing.T, message string, expected interface{}, actual interface{}) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(actual, expected) {
+		t.Errorf("%s: expected:\n  %#v\n got:\n  %#v", message, expected, actual)
+	}
+}
+
+// AssertPanic checks that the supplied function panics as expected.
+func AssertPanic(t *testing.T, message string, funcThatShouldPanic func()) {
+	t.Helper()
+	panicked := false
+	func() {
+		defer func() {
+			if x := recover(); x != nil {
+				panicked = true
+			}
+		}()
+		funcThatShouldPanic()
+	}()
+	if !panicked {
+		t.Error(message)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/android/visibility_test.go b/android/visibility_test.go
index eb4071e..fdf18ce 100644
--- a/android/visibility_test.go
+++ b/android/visibility_test.go
@@ -1166,17 +1166,17 @@
 				RunTest(t)
 
 			if test.effectiveVisibility != nil {
-				checkEffectiveVisibility(result, test.effectiveVisibility)
+				checkEffectiveVisibility(t, result, test.effectiveVisibility)
 			}
 		})
 	}
 }
 
-func checkEffectiveVisibility(result *TestResult, effectiveVisibility map[qualifiedModuleName][]string) {
+func checkEffectiveVisibility(t *testing.T, result *TestResult, effectiveVisibility map[qualifiedModuleName][]string) {
 	for moduleName, expectedRules := range effectiveVisibility {
 		rule := effectiveVisibilityRules(result.Config, moduleName)
 		stringRules := rule.Strings()
-		result.AssertDeepEquals("effective rules mismatch", expectedRules, stringRules)
+		AssertDeepEquals(t, "effective rules mismatch", expectedRules, stringRules)
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/apex/Android.bp b/apex/Android.bp
index 8a2edeb..1890b89 100644
--- a/apex/Android.bp
+++ b/apex/Android.bp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
         "deapexer.go",
         "key.go",
         "prebuilt.go",
+        "testing.go",
         "vndk.go",
     ],
     testSrcs: [
diff --git a/apex/allowed_deps.txt b/apex/allowed_deps.txt
index 170302c..154b9aa 100644
--- a/apex/allowed_deps.txt
+++ b/apex/allowed_deps.txt
@@ -408,6 +408,7 @@
 libring(minSdkVersion:29)
 libring-core(minSdkVersion:29)
 librustc_demangle.rust_sysroot(minSdkVersion:29)
+libruy_static(minSdkVersion:30)
 libsdk_proto(minSdkVersion:30)
 libsfplugin_ccodec_utils(minSdkVersion:29)
 libsonivoxwithoutjet(minSdkVersion:29)
diff --git a/apex/apex_test.go b/apex/apex_test.go
index 08f54f7..dd290d3 100644
--- a/apex/apex_test.go
+++ b/apex/apex_test.go
@@ -127,6 +127,96 @@
 	config.TestProductVariables.Unbundled_build = proptools.BoolPtr(true)
 }
 
+var emptyFixtureFactory = android.NewFixtureFactory(&buildDir)
+
+var apexFixtureFactory = android.NewFixtureFactory(
+	&buildDir,
+	// General preparers in alphabetical order as test infrastructure will enforce correct
+	// registration order.
+	android.PrepareForTestWithAndroidBuildComponents,
+	bpf.PrepareForTestWithBpf,
+	cc.PrepareForTestWithCcBuildComponents,
+	java.PrepareForTestWithJavaDefaultModules,
+	prebuilt_etc.PrepareForTestWithPrebuiltEtc,
+	rust.PrepareForTestWithRustDefaultModules,
+	sh.PrepareForTestWithShBuildComponents,
+
+	PrepareForTestWithApexBuildComponents,
+
+	// Additional apex test specific preparers.
+	android.FixtureAddTextFile("system/sepolicy/Android.bp", `
+		filegroup {
+			name: "myapex-file_contexts",
+			srcs: [
+				"apex/myapex-file_contexts",
+			],
+		}
+	`),
+	android.FixtureMergeMockFs(android.MockFS{
+		"a.java":                                                      nil,
+		"PrebuiltAppFoo.apk":                                          nil,
+		"PrebuiltAppFooPriv.apk":                                      nil,
+		"build/make/target/product/security":                          nil,
+		"apex_manifest.json":                                          nil,
+		"AndroidManifest.xml":                                         nil,
+		"system/sepolicy/apex/myapex-file_contexts":                   nil,
+		"system/sepolicy/apex/myapex.updatable-file_contexts":         nil,
+		"system/sepolicy/apex/myapex2-file_contexts":                  nil,
+		"system/sepolicy/apex/otherapex-file_contexts":                nil,
+		"system/sepolicy/apex/com.android.vndk-file_contexts":         nil,
+		"system/sepolicy/apex/com.android.vndk.current-file_contexts": nil,
+		"mylib.cpp":                                  nil,
+		"mytest.cpp":                                 nil,
+		"mytest1.cpp":                                nil,
+		"mytest2.cpp":                                nil,
+		"mytest3.cpp":                                nil,
+		"myprebuilt":                                 nil,
+		"my_include":                                 nil,
+		"foo/bar/MyClass.java":                       nil,
+		"prebuilt.jar":                               nil,
+		"prebuilt.so":                                nil,
+		"vendor/foo/devkeys/test.x509.pem":           nil,
+		"vendor/foo/devkeys/test.pk8":                nil,
+		"testkey.x509.pem":                           nil,
+		"testkey.pk8":                                nil,
+		"testkey.override.x509.pem":                  nil,
+		"testkey.override.pk8":                       nil,
+		"vendor/foo/devkeys/testkey.avbpubkey":       nil,
+		"vendor/foo/devkeys/testkey.pem":             nil,
+		"NOTICE":                                     nil,
+		"custom_notice":                              nil,
+		"custom_notice_for_static_lib":               nil,
+		"testkey2.avbpubkey":                         nil,
+		"testkey2.pem":                               nil,
+		"myapex-arm64.apex":                          nil,
+		"myapex-arm.apex":                            nil,
+		"myapex.apks":                                nil,
+		"frameworks/base/api/current.txt":            nil,
+		"framework/aidl/a.aidl":                      nil,
+		"build/make/core/proguard.flags":             nil,
+		"build/make/core/proguard_basic_keeps.flags": nil,
+		"dummy.txt":                                  nil,
+		"baz":                                        nil,
+		"bar/baz":                                    nil,
+		"testdata/baz":                               nil,
+		"AppSet.apks":                                nil,
+		"foo.rs":                                     nil,
+		"libfoo.jar":                                 nil,
+		"libbar.jar":                                 nil,
+	},
+	),
+
+	android.FixtureModifyProductVariables(func(variables android.FixtureProductVariables) {
+		variables.DeviceVndkVersion = proptools.StringPtr("current")
+		variables.DefaultAppCertificate = proptools.StringPtr("vendor/foo/devkeys/test")
+		variables.CertificateOverrides = []string{"myapex_keytest:myapex.certificate.override"}
+		variables.Platform_sdk_codename = proptools.StringPtr("Q")
+		variables.Platform_sdk_final = proptools.BoolPtr(false)
+		variables.Platform_version_active_codenames = []string{"Q"}
+		variables.Platform_vndk_version = proptools.StringPtr("VER")
+	}),
+)
+
 func testApexContext(_ *testing.T, bp string, handlers ...testCustomizer) (*android.TestContext, android.Config) {
 	bp = bp + `
 		filegroup {
@@ -432,7 +522,7 @@
 		}
 
 		rust_binary {
-		        name: "foo.rust",
+			name: "foo.rust",
 			srcs: ["foo.rs"],
 			rlibs: ["libfoo.rlib.rust"],
 			dylibs: ["libfoo.dylib.rust"],
@@ -440,14 +530,14 @@
 		}
 
 		rust_library_rlib {
-		        name: "libfoo.rlib.rust",
+			name: "libfoo.rlib.rust",
 			srcs: ["foo.rs"],
 			crate_name: "foo",
 			apex_available: ["myapex"],
 		}
 
 		rust_library_dylib {
-		        name: "libfoo.dylib.rust",
+			name: "libfoo.dylib.rust",
 			srcs: ["foo.rs"],
 			crate_name: "foo",
 			apex_available: ["myapex"],
@@ -642,14 +732,12 @@
 
 	fullDepsInfo := strings.Split(ctx.ModuleForTests("myapex", "android_common_myapex_image").Output("depsinfo/fulllist.txt").Args["content"], "\\n")
 	ensureListContains(t, fullDepsInfo, "  myjar(minSdkVersion:(no version)) <- myapex")
-	ensureListContains(t, fullDepsInfo, "  mylib(minSdkVersion:(no version)) <- myapex")
 	ensureListContains(t, fullDepsInfo, "  mylib2(minSdkVersion:(no version)) <- mylib")
 	ensureListContains(t, fullDepsInfo, "  myotherjar(minSdkVersion:(no version)) <- myjar")
 	ensureListContains(t, fullDepsInfo, "  mysharedjar(minSdkVersion:(no version)) (external) <- myjar")
 
 	flatDepsInfo := strings.Split(ctx.ModuleForTests("myapex", "android_common_myapex_image").Output("depsinfo/flatlist.txt").Args["content"], "\\n")
 	ensureListContains(t, flatDepsInfo, "myjar(minSdkVersion:(no version))")
-	ensureListContains(t, flatDepsInfo, "mylib(minSdkVersion:(no version))")
 	ensureListContains(t, flatDepsInfo, "mylib2(minSdkVersion:(no version))")
 	ensureListContains(t, flatDepsInfo, "myotherjar(minSdkVersion:(no version))")
 	ensureListContains(t, flatDepsInfo, "mysharedjar(minSdkVersion:(no version)) (external)")
@@ -1148,13 +1236,9 @@
 	ensureNotContains(t, libFooStubsLdFlags, "libbar.so")
 
 	fullDepsInfo := strings.Split(ctx.ModuleForTests("myapex2", "android_common_myapex2_image").Output("depsinfo/fulllist.txt").Args["content"], "\\n")
-	ensureListContains(t, fullDepsInfo, "  mylib(minSdkVersion:(no version)) <- myapex2")
-	ensureListContains(t, fullDepsInfo, "  libbaz(minSdkVersion:(no version)) <- mylib")
 	ensureListContains(t, fullDepsInfo, "  libfoo(minSdkVersion:(no version)) (external) <- mylib")
 
 	flatDepsInfo := strings.Split(ctx.ModuleForTests("myapex2", "android_common_myapex2_image").Output("depsinfo/flatlist.txt").Args["content"], "\\n")
-	ensureListContains(t, flatDepsInfo, "mylib(minSdkVersion:(no version))")
-	ensureListContains(t, flatDepsInfo, "libbaz(minSdkVersion:(no version))")
 	ensureListContains(t, flatDepsInfo, "libfoo(minSdkVersion:(no version)) (external)")
 }
 
@@ -1228,9 +1312,10 @@
 
 }
 
-func TestRuntimeApexShouldInstallHwasanIfLibcDependsOnIt(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := testApex(t, "", func(fs map[string][]byte, config android.Config) {
-		bp := `
+var prepareForTestOfRuntimeApexWithHwasan = android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+	cc.PrepareForTestWithCcBuildComponents,
+	PrepareForTestWithApexBuildComponents,
+	android.FixtureAddTextFile("bionic/apex/Android.bp", `
 		apex {
 			name: "com.android.runtime",
 			key: "com.android.runtime.key",
@@ -1243,7 +1328,12 @@
 			public_key: "testkey.avbpubkey",
 			private_key: "testkey.pem",
 		}
+	`),
+	android.FixtureAddFile("system/sepolicy/apex/com.android.runtime-file_contexts", nil),
+)
 
+func TestRuntimeApexShouldInstallHwasanIfLibcDependsOnIt(t *testing.T) {
+	result := emptyFixtureFactory.Extend(prepareForTestOfRuntimeApexWithHwasan).RunTestWithBp(t, `
 		cc_library {
 			name: "libc",
 			no_libcrt: true,
@@ -1270,12 +1360,8 @@
 			sanitize: {
 				never: true,
 			},
-		}
-		`
-		// override bp to use hard-coded names: com.android.runtime and libc
-		fs["Android.bp"] = []byte(bp)
-		fs["system/sepolicy/apex/com.android.runtime-file_contexts"] = nil
-	})
+		}	`)
+	ctx := result.TestContext
 
 	ensureExactContents(t, ctx, "com.android.runtime", "android_common_hwasan_com.android.runtime_image", []string{
 		"lib64/bionic/libc.so",
@@ -1293,21 +1379,12 @@
 }
 
 func TestRuntimeApexShouldInstallHwasanIfHwaddressSanitized(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := testApex(t, "", func(fs map[string][]byte, config android.Config) {
-		bp := `
-		apex {
-			name: "com.android.runtime",
-			key: "com.android.runtime.key",
-			native_shared_libs: ["libc"],
-			updatable: false,
-		}
-
-		apex_key {
-			name: "com.android.runtime.key",
-			public_key: "testkey.avbpubkey",
-			private_key: "testkey.pem",
-		}
-
+	result := emptyFixtureFactory.Extend(
+		prepareForTestOfRuntimeApexWithHwasan,
+		android.FixtureModifyProductVariables(func(variables android.FixtureProductVariables) {
+			variables.SanitizeDevice = []string{"hwaddress"}
+		}),
+	).RunTestWithBp(t, `
 		cc_library {
 			name: "libc",
 			no_libcrt: true,
@@ -1331,13 +1408,8 @@
 				never: true,
 			},
 		}
-		`
-		// override bp to use hard-coded names: com.android.runtime and libc
-		fs["Android.bp"] = []byte(bp)
-		fs["system/sepolicy/apex/com.android.runtime-file_contexts"] = nil
-
-		config.TestProductVariables.SanitizeDevice = []string{"hwaddress"}
-	})
+		`)
+	ctx := result.TestContext
 
 	ensureExactContents(t, ctx, "com.android.runtime", "android_common_hwasan_com.android.runtime_image", []string{
 		"lib64/bionic/libc.so",
@@ -1961,7 +2033,7 @@
 				java_library {
 					name: "myjar",
 					srcs: ["foo/bar/MyClass.java"],
-					sdk_version: "core_platform",
+					sdk_version: "test_current",
 					apex_available: ["myapex"],
 				}
 			`,
@@ -2008,13 +2080,16 @@
 				java_library {
 					name: "myjar",
 					srcs: ["foo/bar/MyClass.java"],
-					sdk_version: "core_platform",
+					sdk_version: "test_current",
 					apex_available: ["myapex"],
 				}
 			`,
 		},
 		{
-			name:          "Updatable apex with non-stable transitive dep",
+			name: "Updatable apex with non-stable transitive dep",
+			// This is not actually detecting that the transitive dependency is unstable, rather it is
+			// detecting that the transitive dependency is building against a wider API surface than the
+			// module that depends on it is using.
 			expectedError: "compiles against Android API, but dependency \"transitive-jar\" is compiling against private API.",
 			bp: `
 				apex {
diff --git a/apex/builder.go b/apex/builder.go
index 2663a67..da800d4 100644
--- a/apex/builder.go
+++ b/apex/builder.go
@@ -926,9 +926,15 @@
 			return !externalDep
 		}
 
+		// Skip dependencies that are only available to APEXes; they are developed with updatability
+		// in mind and don't need manual approval.
+		if to.(android.ApexModule).NotAvailableForPlatform() {
+			return !externalDep
+		}
+
 		depTag := ctx.OtherModuleDependencyTag(to)
+		// Check to see if dependency been marked to skip the dependency check
 		if skipDepCheck, ok := depTag.(android.SkipApexAllowedDependenciesCheck); ok && skipDepCheck.SkipApexAllowedDependenciesCheck() {
-			// Check to see if dependency been marked to skip the dependency check
 			return !externalDep
 		}
 
diff --git a/apex/testing.go b/apex/testing.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e662cad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apex/testing.go
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package apex
+
+import "android/soong/android"
+
+var PrepareForTestWithApexBuildComponents = android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+	android.FixtureRegisterWithContext(registerApexBuildComponents),
+	android.FixtureRegisterWithContext(registerApexKeyBuildComponents),
+)
diff --git a/cc/cc_test.go b/cc/cc_test.go
index 7d9fa47..16ae7ee 100644
--- a/cc/cc_test.go
+++ b/cc/cc_test.go
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@
 	for _, o := range ld.Inputs {
 		objs = append(objs, o.Base())
 	}
-	result.AssertArrayString("libTest inputs", []string{"foo.o", "bar.o"}, objs)
+	android.AssertArrayString(t, "libTest inputs", []string{"foo.o", "bar.o"}, objs)
 }
 
 func TestVendorSrc(t *testing.T) {
@@ -3429,7 +3429,7 @@
 	).RunTestWithBp(t, bp)
 
 	libfoo := result.Module("libfoo", "android_arm64_armv8-a_static").(*Module)
-	result.AssertStringListContains("cppflags", libfoo.flags.Local.CppFlags, "-DBAR")
+	android.AssertStringListContains(t, "cppflags", libfoo.flags.Local.CppFlags, "-DBAR")
 }
 
 func TestEmptyWholeStaticLibsAllowMissingDependencies(t *testing.T) {
@@ -3452,12 +3452,12 @@
 	).RunTestWithBp(t, bp)
 
 	libbar := result.ModuleForTests("libbar", "android_arm64_armv8-a_static").Output("libbar.a")
-	result.AssertDeepEquals("libbar rule", android.ErrorRule, libbar.Rule)
+	android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "libbar rule", android.ErrorRule, libbar.Rule)
 
-	result.AssertStringDoesContain("libbar error", libbar.Args["error"], "missing dependencies: libmissing")
+	android.AssertStringDoesContain(t, "libbar error", libbar.Args["error"], "missing dependencies: libmissing")
 
 	libfoo := result.ModuleForTests("libfoo", "android_arm64_armv8-a_static").Output("libfoo.a")
-	result.AssertStringListContains("libfoo.a dependencies", libfoo.Inputs.Strings(), libbar.Output.String())
+	android.AssertStringListContains(t, "libfoo.a dependencies", libfoo.Inputs.Strings(), libbar.Output.String())
 }
 
 func TestInstallSharedLibs(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/cc/sanitize.go b/cc/sanitize.go
index 8218d97..cd09e6e 100644
--- a/cc/sanitize.go
+++ b/cc/sanitize.go
@@ -404,12 +404,6 @@
 		s.Diag.Cfi = boolPtr(false)
 	}
 
-	// Also disable CFI for arm32 until b/35157333 is fixed.
-	if ctx.Arch().ArchType == android.Arm {
-		s.Cfi = boolPtr(false)
-		s.Diag.Cfi = boolPtr(false)
-	}
-
 	// HWASan requires AArch64 hardware feature (top-byte-ignore).
 	if ctx.Arch().ArchType != android.Arm64 {
 		s.Hwaddress = nil
diff --git a/cc/testing.go b/cc/testing.go
index 6840ef4..d8adc61 100644
--- a/cc/testing.go
+++ b/cc/testing.go
@@ -649,8 +649,11 @@
 
 // The preparer to include if running a cc related test for linux bionic.
 var PrepareForTestOnLinuxBionic = android.GroupFixturePreparers(
-	// Enable linux bionic.
-	android.FixtureAddTextFile(linuxBionicDefaultsPath, withLinuxBionic()),
+	// Enable linux bionic
+	//
+	// Can be used after PrepareForTestWithCcDefaultModules to override its default behavior of
+	// disabling linux bionic, hence why this uses FixtureOverrideTextFile.
+	android.FixtureOverrideTextFile(linuxBionicDefaultsPath, withLinuxBionic()),
 )
 
 // The preparer to include if running a cc related test for fuchsia.
diff --git a/etc/prebuilt_etc_test.go b/etc/prebuilt_etc_test.go
index 6727e59..09f2e8c 100644
--- a/etc/prebuilt_etc_test.go
+++ b/etc/prebuilt_etc_test.go
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
 	`)
 
 	p := result.Module("foo.conf", "android_arm64_armv8-a").(*PrebuiltEtc)
-	result.AssertStringEquals("output file path", "foo.installed.conf", p.outputFilePath.Base())
+	android.AssertStringEquals(t, "output file path", "foo.installed.conf", p.outputFilePath.Base())
 }
 
 func TestPrebuiltEtcGlob(t *testing.T) {
@@ -120,10 +120,10 @@
 	`)
 
 	p := result.Module("my_foo", "android_arm64_armv8-a").(*PrebuiltEtc)
-	result.AssertStringEquals("my_foo output file path", "my_foo", p.outputFilePath.Base())
+	android.AssertStringEquals(t, "my_foo output file path", "my_foo", p.outputFilePath.Base())
 
 	p = result.Module("my_bar", "android_arm64_armv8-a").(*PrebuiltEtc)
-	result.AssertStringEquals("my_bar output file path", "bar.conf", p.outputFilePath.Base())
+	android.AssertStringEquals(t, "my_bar output file path", "bar.conf", p.outputFilePath.Base())
 }
 
 func TestPrebuiltEtcAndroidMk(t *testing.T) {
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@
 	entries := android.AndroidMkEntriesForTest(t, result.TestContext, mod)[0]
 	for k, expectedValue := range expected {
 		if value, ok := entries.EntryMap[k]; ok {
-			result.AssertDeepEquals(k, expectedValue, value)
+			android.AssertDeepEquals(t, k, expectedValue, value)
 		} else {
 			t.Errorf("No %s defined, saw %q", k, entries.EntryMap)
 		}
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@
 
 	p := result.Module("foo.conf", "android_arm64_armv8-a").(*PrebuiltEtc)
 	expected := buildDir + "/target/product/test_device/system/etc/bar"
-	result.AssertStringEquals("install dir", expected, p.installDirPath.String())
+	android.AssertStringEquals(t, "install dir", expected, p.installDirPath.String())
 }
 
 func TestPrebuiltEtcCannotSetRelativeInstallPathAndSubDir(t *testing.T) {
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@
 
 	p := result.Module("foo.conf", "android_arm64_armv8-a").(*PrebuiltEtc)
 	expected := buildDir + "/target/product/test_device/system/usr/share/bar"
-	result.AssertStringEquals("install dir", expected, p.installDirPath.String())
+	android.AssertStringEquals(t, "install dir", expected, p.installDirPath.String())
 }
 
 func TestPrebuiltUserShareHostInstallDirPath(t *testing.T) {
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@
 	buildOS := android.BuildOs.String()
 	p := result.Module("foo.conf", buildOS+"_common").(*PrebuiltEtc)
 	expected := filepath.Join(buildDir, "host", result.Config.PrebuiltOS(), "usr", "share", "bar")
-	result.AssertStringEquals("install dir", expected, p.installDirPath.String())
+	android.AssertStringEquals(t, "install dir", expected, p.installDirPath.String())
 }
 
 func TestPrebuiltFontInstallDirPath(t *testing.T) {
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@
 
 	p := result.Module("foo.conf", "android_arm64_armv8-a").(*PrebuiltEtc)
 	expected := buildDir + "/target/product/test_device/system/fonts"
-	result.AssertStringEquals("install dir", expected, p.installDirPath.String())
+	android.AssertStringEquals(t, "install dir", expected, p.installDirPath.String())
 }
 
 func TestPrebuiltFirmwareDirPath(t *testing.T) {
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@
 		t.Run(tt.description, func(t *testing.T) {
 			result := prebuiltEtcFixtureFactory.RunTestWithBp(t, tt.config)
 			p := result.Module("foo.conf", "android_arm64_armv8-a").(*PrebuiltEtc)
-			result.AssertStringEquals("install dir", tt.expectedPath, p.installDirPath.String())
+			android.AssertStringEquals(t, "install dir", tt.expectedPath, p.installDirPath.String())
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@
 		t.Run(tt.description, func(t *testing.T) {
 			result := prebuiltEtcFixtureFactory.RunTestWithBp(t, tt.config)
 			p := result.Module("foo.conf", "android_arm64_armv8-a").(*PrebuiltEtc)
-			result.AssertStringEquals("install dir", tt.expectedPath, p.installDirPath.String())
+			android.AssertStringEquals(t, "install dir", tt.expectedPath, p.installDirPath.String())
 		})
 	}
 }
diff --git a/filesystem/bootimg.go b/filesystem/bootimg.go
index 8e2c554..876e189 100644
--- a/filesystem/bootimg.go
+++ b/filesystem/bootimg.go
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@
 		if vendor {
 			flag = "--vendor_cmdline "
 		}
-		cmd.FlagWithArg(flag, "\""+proptools.ShellEscape(cmdline)+"\"")
+		cmd.FlagWithArg(flag, proptools.ShellEscapeIncludingSpaces(cmdline))
 	}
 
 	headerVersion := proptools.String(b.properties.Header_version)
diff --git a/genrule/genrule_test.go b/genrule/genrule_test.go
index 0873704..690277c 100644
--- a/genrule/genrule_test.go
+++ b/genrule/genrule_test.go
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@
 			}
 
 			gen := result.Module("gen", "").(*Module)
-			result.AssertStringEquals("raw commands", test.expect, gen.rawCommands[0])
+			android.AssertStringEquals(t, "raw commands", test.expect, gen.rawCommands[0])
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -541,12 +541,11 @@
 
 	for _, test := range testcases {
 		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			subResult := result.ResultForSubTest(t)
-			gen := subResult.ModuleForTests(test.name, "")
+			gen := result.ModuleForTests(test.name, "")
 			manifest := android.RuleBuilderSboxProtoForTests(t, gen.Output("genrule.sbox.textproto"))
 			hash := manifest.Commands[0].GetInputHash()
 
-			subResult.AssertStringEquals("hash", test.expectedHash, hash)
+			android.AssertStringEquals(t, "hash", test.expectedHash, hash)
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -615,11 +614,11 @@
 			}
 
 			gen := result.Module("gen", "").(*Module)
-			result.AssertDeepEquals("cmd", test.cmds, gen.rawCommands)
+			android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "cmd", test.cmds, gen.rawCommands)
 
-			result.AssertDeepEquals("deps", test.deps, gen.outputDeps.Strings())
+			android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "deps", test.deps, gen.outputDeps.Strings())
 
-			result.AssertDeepEquals("files", test.files, gen.outputFiles.Strings())
+			android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "files", test.files, gen.outputFiles.Strings())
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -648,10 +647,10 @@
 	gen := result.Module("gen", "").(*Module)
 
 	expectedCmd := "cp in1 __SBOX_SANDBOX_DIR__/out/out"
-	result.AssertStringEquals("cmd", expectedCmd, gen.rawCommands[0])
+	android.AssertStringEquals(t, "cmd", expectedCmd, gen.rawCommands[0])
 
 	expectedSrcs := []string{"in1"}
-	result.AssertDeepEquals("srcs", expectedSrcs, gen.properties.Srcs)
+	android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "srcs", expectedSrcs, gen.properties.Srcs)
 }
 
 func TestGenruleWithBazel(t *testing.T) {
@@ -673,8 +672,8 @@
 
 	expectedOutputFiles := []string{"outputbase/execroot/__main__/bazelone.txt",
 		"outputbase/execroot/__main__/bazeltwo.txt"}
-	result.AssertDeepEquals("output files", expectedOutputFiles, gen.outputFiles.Strings())
-	result.AssertDeepEquals("output deps", expectedOutputFiles, gen.outputDeps.Strings())
+	android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "output files", expectedOutputFiles, gen.outputFiles.Strings())
+	android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "output deps", expectedOutputFiles, gen.outputDeps.Strings())
 }
 
 type testTool struct {
diff --git a/java/app.go b/java/app.go
index e98fe31..eef627c 100755
--- a/java/app.go
+++ b/java/app.go
@@ -812,6 +812,13 @@
 	depsInfo := android.DepNameToDepInfoMap{}
 	a.WalkPayloadDeps(ctx, func(ctx android.ModuleContext, from blueprint.Module, to android.ApexModule, externalDep bool) bool {
 		depName := to.Name()
+
+		// Skip dependencies that are only available to APEXes; they are developed with updatability
+		// in mind and don't need manual approval.
+		if to.(android.ApexModule).NotAvailableForPlatform() {
+			return true
+		}
+
 		if info, exist := depsInfo[depName]; exist {
 			info.From = append(info.From, from.Name())
 			info.IsExternal = info.IsExternal && externalDep
diff --git a/java/boot_image.go b/java/boot_image.go
index 8a1e3c9..12e2874 100644
--- a/java/boot_image.go
+++ b/java/boot_image.go
@@ -25,10 +25,18 @@
 
 func init() {
 	RegisterBootImageBuildComponents(android.InitRegistrationContext)
+
+	android.RegisterSdkMemberType(&bootImageMemberType{
+		SdkMemberTypeBase: android.SdkMemberTypeBase{
+			PropertyName: "boot_images",
+			SupportsSdk:  true,
+		},
+	})
 }
 
 func RegisterBootImageBuildComponents(ctx android.RegistrationContext) {
 	ctx.RegisterModuleType("boot_image", bootImageFactory)
+	ctx.RegisterModuleType("prebuilt_boot_image", prebuiltBootImageFactory)
 }
 
 type bootImageProperties struct {
@@ -41,7 +49,7 @@
 type BootImageModule struct {
 	android.ModuleBase
 	android.ApexModuleBase
-
+	android.SdkBase
 	properties bootImageProperties
 }
 
@@ -50,6 +58,7 @@
 	m.AddProperties(&m.properties)
 	android.InitAndroidArchModule(m, android.HostAndDeviceSupported, android.MultilibCommon)
 	android.InitApexModule(m)
+	android.InitSdkAwareModule(m)
 	return m
 }
 
@@ -138,3 +147,74 @@
 	// Make it available for other modules.
 	ctx.SetProvider(BootImageInfoProvider, info)
 }
+
+type bootImageMemberType struct {
+	android.SdkMemberTypeBase
+}
+
+func (b *bootImageMemberType) AddDependencies(mctx android.BottomUpMutatorContext, dependencyTag blueprint.DependencyTag, names []string) {
+	mctx.AddVariationDependencies(nil, dependencyTag, names...)
+}
+
+func (b *bootImageMemberType) IsInstance(module android.Module) bool {
+	_, ok := module.(*BootImageModule)
+	return ok
+}
+
+func (b *bootImageMemberType) AddPrebuiltModule(ctx android.SdkMemberContext, member android.SdkMember) android.BpModule {
+	return ctx.SnapshotBuilder().AddPrebuiltModule(member, "prebuilt_boot_image")
+}
+
+func (b *bootImageMemberType) CreateVariantPropertiesStruct() android.SdkMemberProperties {
+	return &bootImageSdkMemberProperties{}
+}
+
+type bootImageSdkMemberProperties struct {
+	android.SdkMemberPropertiesBase
+
+	Image_name string
+}
+
+func (b *bootImageSdkMemberProperties) PopulateFromVariant(ctx android.SdkMemberContext, variant android.Module) {
+	module := variant.(*BootImageModule)
+
+	b.Image_name = module.properties.Image_name
+}
+
+func (b *bootImageSdkMemberProperties) AddToPropertySet(ctx android.SdkMemberContext, propertySet android.BpPropertySet) {
+	if b.Image_name != "" {
+		propertySet.AddProperty("image_name", b.Image_name)
+	}
+}
+
+var _ android.SdkMemberType = (*bootImageMemberType)(nil)
+
+// A prebuilt version of the boot image module.
+//
+// At the moment this is basically just a boot image module that can be used as a prebuilt.
+// Eventually as more functionality is migrated into the boot image module from the singleton then
+// this will diverge.
+type prebuiltBootImageModule struct {
+	BootImageModule
+	prebuilt android.Prebuilt
+}
+
+func (module *prebuiltBootImageModule) Prebuilt() *android.Prebuilt {
+	return &module.prebuilt
+}
+
+func (module *prebuiltBootImageModule) Name() string {
+	return module.prebuilt.Name(module.ModuleBase.Name())
+}
+
+func prebuiltBootImageFactory() android.Module {
+	m := &prebuiltBootImageModule{}
+	m.AddProperties(&m.properties)
+	android.InitAndroidArchModule(m, android.HostAndDeviceSupported, android.MultilibCommon)
+	// This doesn't actually have any prebuilt files of its own so pass a placeholder for the srcs
+	// array.
+	android.InitPrebuiltModule(m, &[]string{"placeholder"})
+	android.InitApexModule(m)
+	android.InitSdkAwareModule(m)
+	return m
+}
diff --git a/java/boot_image_test.go b/java/boot_image_test.go
index a295782..65e590d 100644
--- a/java/boot_image_test.go
+++ b/java/boot_image_test.go
@@ -29,3 +29,12 @@
 		}
 `)
 }
+
+func TestUnknownPrebuiltBootImage(t *testing.T) {
+	testJavaError(t, "image_name: Unknown image name \\\"unknown\\\", expected one of art, boot", `
+		prebuilt_boot_image {
+			name: "unknown-boot-image",
+			image_name: "unknown",
+		}
+`)
+}
diff --git a/java/dexpreopt_bootjars_test.go b/java/dexpreopt_bootjars_test.go
index 48bc244..1b910fa 100644
--- a/java/dexpreopt_bootjars_test.go
+++ b/java/dexpreopt_bootjars_test.go
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 import (
 	"path/filepath"
-	"reflect"
 	"sort"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -44,17 +43,11 @@
 		}
 	`
 
-	config := testConfig(nil, bp, nil)
+	result := javaFixtureFactory.
+		Extend(dexpreopt.FixtureSetBootJars("platform:foo", "platform:bar", "platform:baz")).
+		RunTestWithBp(t, bp)
 
-	pathCtx := android.PathContextForTesting(config)
-	dexpreoptConfig := dexpreopt.GlobalConfigForTests(pathCtx)
-	dexpreoptConfig.BootJars = android.CreateTestConfiguredJarList([]string{"platform:foo", "platform:bar", "platform:baz"})
-	dexpreopt.SetTestGlobalConfig(config, dexpreoptConfig)
-
-	ctx := testContext(config)
-	run(t, ctx, config)
-
-	dexpreoptBootJars := ctx.SingletonForTests("dex_bootjars")
+	dexpreoptBootJars := result.SingletonForTests("dex_bootjars")
 	rule := dexpreoptBootJars.Output(ruleFile)
 
 	for i := range expectedInputs {
@@ -73,13 +66,9 @@
 	sort.Strings(outputs)
 	sort.Strings(expectedOutputs)
 
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(inputs, expectedInputs) {
-		t.Errorf("want inputs %q\n got inputs %q", expectedInputs, inputs)
-	}
+	android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "inputs", expectedInputs, inputs)
 
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(outputs, expectedOutputs) {
-		t.Errorf("want outputs %q\n got outputs %q", expectedOutputs, outputs)
-	}
+	android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "outputs", expectedOutputs, outputs)
 }
 
 func TestDexpreoptBootJars(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/java/java.go b/java/java.go
index 9e35835..036c7af 100644
--- a/java/java.go
+++ b/java/java.go
@@ -122,7 +122,16 @@
 	if sdkVersion.stable() {
 		return nil
 	}
-	return fmt.Errorf("non stable SDK %v", sdkVersion)
+	if sdkVersion.kind == sdkCorePlatform {
+		if useLegacyCorePlatformApiByName(j.BaseModuleName()) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("non stable SDK %v - uses legacy core platform", sdkVersion)
+		} else {
+			// Treat stable core platform as stable.
+			return nil
+		}
+	} else {
+		return fmt.Errorf("non stable SDK %v", sdkVersion)
+	}
 }
 
 func (j *Module) checkSdkVersions(ctx android.ModuleContext) {
@@ -2499,7 +2508,7 @@
 func (j *Test) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext) {
 	if j.testProperties.Test_options.Unit_test == nil && ctx.Host() {
 		// TODO(b/): Clean temporary heuristic to avoid unexpected onboarding.
-		defaultUnitTest := !inList("tradefed", j.properties.Static_libs) && !inList("tradefed", j.properties.Libs) && !inList("cts", j.testProperties.Test_suites) && !inList("robolectric-host-android_all", j.properties.Static_libs) && !inList("robolectric-host-android_all", j.properties.Libs)
+		defaultUnitTest := !inList("tradefed", j.properties.Static_libs) && !inList("tradefed", j.properties.Libs) && !inList("cts", j.testProperties.Test_suites)
 		j.testProperties.Test_options.Unit_test = proptools.BoolPtr(defaultUnitTest)
 	}
 	j.testConfig = tradefed.AutoGenJavaTestConfig(ctx, j.testProperties.Test_config, j.testProperties.Test_config_template,
@@ -3319,10 +3328,6 @@
 //         ],
 //         javacflags: ["-Xlint:all"],
 //     }
-func defaultsFactory() android.Module {
-	return DefaultsFactory()
-}
-
 func DefaultsFactory() android.Module {
 	module := &Defaults{}
 
diff --git a/java/legacy_core_platform_api_usage.go b/java/legacy_core_platform_api_usage.go
index 874338d..cae9dc5 100644
--- a/java/legacy_core_platform_api_usage.go
+++ b/java/legacy_core_platform_api_usage.go
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
 	"PrintSpooler",
 	"RollbackTest",
 	"service-blobstore",
-	"service-connectivity",
+	"service-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
 	"service-jobscheduler",
 	"services",
 	"services.accessibility",
@@ -160,7 +160,11 @@
 }
 
 func useLegacyCorePlatformApi(ctx android.EarlyModuleContext) bool {
-	_, found := legacyCorePlatformApiLookup[ctx.ModuleName()]
+	return useLegacyCorePlatformApiByName(ctx.ModuleName())
+}
+
+func useLegacyCorePlatformApiByName(name string) bool {
+	_, found := legacyCorePlatformApiLookup[name]
 	return found
 }
 
diff --git a/java/system_modules_test.go b/java/system_modules_test.go
index 44049ee..3d9f398 100644
--- a/java/system_modules_test.go
+++ b/java/system_modules_test.go
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 	"android/soong/android"
 )
 
-func normalizedPathsToHeaderJars(result *android.TestResult, moduleNames ...string) []string {
+func getModuleHeaderJarsAsNormalizedPaths(result *android.TestResult, moduleNames ...string) []string {
 	paths := []string{}
 	for _, moduleName := range moduleNames {
 		module := result.Module(moduleName, "android_common")
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@
 	sourceInputs := sourceSystemModules.Rule("jarsTosystemModules").Inputs
 
 	// The expected paths are the header jars from the source input modules.
-	expectedSourcePaths := normalizedPathsToHeaderJars(result, "system-module1", "system-module2")
-	result.AssertArrayString("source system modules inputs", expectedSourcePaths, result.NormalizePathsForTesting(sourceInputs))
+	expectedSourcePaths := getModuleHeaderJarsAsNormalizedPaths(result, "system-module1", "system-module2")
+	android.AssertArrayString(t, "source system modules inputs", expectedSourcePaths, result.NormalizePathsForTesting(sourceInputs))
 }
 
 var addPrebuiltSystemModules = android.FixtureAddTextFile("prebuilts/Android.bp", `
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@
 	prebuiltInputs := prebuiltSystemModules.Rule("jarsTosystemModules").Inputs
 
 	// The expected paths are the header jars from the renamed prebuilt input modules.
-	expectedPrebuiltPaths := normalizedPathsToHeaderJars(result, "system-module1", "system-module2")
-	result.AssertArrayString("renamed prebuilt system modules inputs", expectedPrebuiltPaths, result.NormalizePathsForTesting(prebuiltInputs))
+	expectedPrebuiltPaths := getModuleHeaderJarsAsNormalizedPaths(result, "system-module1", "system-module2")
+	android.AssertArrayString(t, "renamed prebuilt system modules inputs", expectedPrebuiltPaths, result.NormalizePathsForTesting(prebuiltInputs))
 }
 
 func TestJavaSystemModulesMixSourceAndPrebuilt(t *testing.T) {
@@ -99,14 +99,14 @@
 	sourceInputs := sourceSystemModules.Rule("jarsTosystemModules").Inputs
 
 	// The expected paths are the header jars from the source input modules.
-	expectedSourcePaths := normalizedPathsToHeaderJars(result, "system-module1", "system-module2")
-	result.AssertArrayString("source system modules inputs", expectedSourcePaths, result.NormalizePathsForTesting(sourceInputs))
+	expectedSourcePaths := getModuleHeaderJarsAsNormalizedPaths(result, "system-module1", "system-module2")
+	android.AssertArrayString(t, "source system modules inputs", expectedSourcePaths, result.NormalizePathsForTesting(sourceInputs))
 
 	// check the existence of the renamed prebuilt module
 	prebuiltSystemModules := result.ModuleForTests("prebuilt_system-modules", "android_common")
 	prebuiltInputs := prebuiltSystemModules.Rule("jarsTosystemModules").Inputs
 
 	// The expected paths are the header jars from the renamed prebuilt input modules.
-	expectedPrebuiltPaths := normalizedPathsToHeaderJars(result, "prebuilt_system-module1", "prebuilt_system-module2")
-	result.AssertArrayString("prebuilt system modules inputs", expectedPrebuiltPaths, result.NormalizePathsForTesting(prebuiltInputs))
+	expectedPrebuiltPaths := getModuleHeaderJarsAsNormalizedPaths(result, "prebuilt_system-module1", "prebuilt_system-module2")
+	android.AssertArrayString(t, "prebuilt system modules inputs", expectedPrebuiltPaths, result.NormalizePathsForTesting(prebuiltInputs))
 }
diff --git a/rust/builder.go b/rust/builder.go
index 6326124..9d462d4 100644
--- a/rust/builder.go
+++ b/rust/builder.go
@@ -194,8 +194,7 @@
 	}
 
 	if len(deps.SrcDeps) > 0 {
-		genSubDir := "out/"
-		moduleGenDir := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, genSubDir)
+		moduleGenDir := ctx.RustModule().compiler.CargoOutDir()
 		var outputs android.WritablePaths
 
 		for _, genSrc := range deps.SrcDeps {
@@ -208,7 +207,7 @@
 
 		ctx.Build(pctx, android.BuildParams{
 			Rule:        cp,
-			Description: "cp " + moduleGenDir.Rel(),
+			Description: "cp " + moduleGenDir.Path().Rel(),
 			Outputs:     outputs,
 			Inputs:      deps.SrcDeps,
 			Args: map[string]string{
diff --git a/rust/compiler.go b/rust/compiler.go
index c26f208..98ad7ad 100644
--- a/rust/compiler.go
+++ b/rust/compiler.go
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@
 	InstallInData                   = iota
 
 	incorrectSourcesError = "srcs can only contain one path for a rust file and source providers prefixed by \":\""
+	genSubDir             = "out/"
 )
 
 type BaseCompilerProperties struct {
@@ -154,6 +155,10 @@
 	distFile android.OptionalPath
 	// Stripped output file. If Valid(), this file will be installed instead of outputFile.
 	strippedOutputFile android.OptionalPath
+
+	// If a crate has a source-generated dependency, a copy of the source file
+	// will be available in cargoOutDir (equivalent to Cargo OUT_DIR).
+	cargoOutDir android.ModuleOutPath
 }
 
 func (compiler *baseCompiler) Disabled() bool {
@@ -243,6 +248,14 @@
 	panic(fmt.Errorf("baseCrater doesn't know how to crate things!"))
 }
 
+func (compiler *baseCompiler) initialize(ctx ModuleContext) {
+	compiler.cargoOutDir = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, genSubDir)
+}
+
+func (compiler *baseCompiler) CargoOutDir() android.OptionalPath {
+	return android.OptionalPathForPath(compiler.cargoOutDir)
+}
+
 func (compiler *baseCompiler) isDependencyRoot() bool {
 	return false
 }
diff --git a/rust/project_json.go b/rust/project_json.go
index 32ce6f4..8d3d250 100644
--- a/rust/project_json.go
+++ b/rust/project_json.go
@@ -45,11 +45,12 @@
 }
 
 type rustProjectCrate struct {
-	DisplayName string           `json:"display_name"`
-	RootModule  string           `json:"root_module"`
-	Edition     string           `json:"edition,omitempty"`
-	Deps        []rustProjectDep `json:"deps"`
-	Cfgs        []string         `json:"cfgs"`
+	DisplayName string            `json:"display_name"`
+	RootModule  string            `json:"root_module"`
+	Edition     string            `json:"edition,omitempty"`
+	Deps        []rustProjectDep  `json:"deps"`
+	Cfgs        []string          `json:"cfgs"`
+	Env         map[string]string `json:"env"`
 }
 
 type rustProjectJson struct {
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@
 		}
 	})
 	if !foundSource {
-		fmt.Errorf("No valid source for source provider found: %v\n", rModule)
+		ctx.Errorf("No valid source for source provider found: %v\n", rModule)
 	}
 	return sourceSrc, foundSource
 }
@@ -220,7 +221,7 @@
 func (singleton *projectGeneratorSingleton) addCrate(ctx android.SingletonContext, rModule *Module, comp *baseCompiler) (int, bool) {
 	rootModule, ok := crateSource(ctx, rModule, comp)
 	if !ok {
-		fmt.Errorf("Unable to find source for valid module: %v", rModule)
+		ctx.Errorf("Unable to find source for valid module: %v", rModule)
 		return 0, false
 	}
 
@@ -230,6 +231,11 @@
 		Edition:     comp.edition(),
 		Deps:        make([]rustProjectDep, 0),
 		Cfgs:        make([]string, 0),
+		Env:         make(map[string]string),
+	}
+
+	if comp.CargoOutDir().Valid() {
+		crate.Env["OUT_DIR"] = comp.CargoOutDir().String()
 	}
 
 	deps := make(map[string]int)
diff --git a/rust/project_json_test.go b/rust/project_json_test.go
index ba66215..289bcb8 100644
--- a/rust/project_json_test.go
+++ b/rust/project_json_test.go
@@ -190,8 +190,8 @@
 				}
 			}
 		}
-		// Check that liba depends on libbindings1
 		if strings.Contains(rootModule, "d/src/lib.rs") {
+			// Check that libd depends on libbindings1
 			found := false
 			for _, depName := range validateDependencies(t, crate) {
 				if depName == "bindings1" {
@@ -200,8 +200,17 @@
 				}
 			}
 			if !found {
-				t.Errorf("liba does not depend on libbindings1: %v", crate)
+				t.Errorf("libd does not depend on libbindings1: %v", crate)
 			}
+			// Check that OUT_DIR is populated.
+			env, ok := crate["env"].(map[string]interface{})
+			if !ok {
+				t.Errorf("libd does not have its environment variables set: %v", crate)
+			}
+			if _, ok = env["OUT_DIR"]; !ok {
+				t.Errorf("libd does not have its OUT_DIR set: %v", env)
+			}
+
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/rust/rust.go b/rust/rust.go
index dc23abb..8ebdb72 100644
--- a/rust/rust.go
+++ b/rust/rust.go
@@ -320,12 +320,16 @@
 }
 
 type compiler interface {
+	initialize(ctx ModuleContext)
 	compilerFlags(ctx ModuleContext, flags Flags) Flags
 	compilerProps() []interface{}
 	compile(ctx ModuleContext, flags Flags, deps PathDeps) android.Path
 	compilerDeps(ctx DepsContext, deps Deps) Deps
 	crateName() string
 
+	// Output directory in which source-generated code from dependencies is
+	// copied. This is equivalent to Cargo's OUT_DIR variable.
+	CargoOutDir() android.OptionalPath
 	inData() bool
 	install(ctx ModuleContext)
 	relativeInstallPath() string
@@ -711,6 +715,7 @@
 	}
 
 	if mod.compiler != nil && !mod.compiler.Disabled() {
+		mod.compiler.initialize(ctx)
 		outputFile := mod.compiler.compile(ctx, flags, deps)
 
 		mod.outputFile = android.OptionalPathForPath(outputFile)
diff --git a/sdk/Android.bp b/sdk/Android.bp
index 8a3119c..6e49c6d 100644
--- a/sdk/Android.bp
+++ b/sdk/Android.bp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
         "update.go",
     ],
     testSrcs: [
+        "boot_image_sdk_test.go",
         "bp_test.go",
         "cc_sdk_test.go",
         "exports_test.go",
diff --git a/sdk/boot_image_sdk_test.go b/sdk/boot_image_sdk_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9805a6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sdk/boot_image_sdk_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package sdk
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestSnapshotWithBootImage(t *testing.T) {
+	result := testSdkWithJava(t, `
+		sdk {
+			name: "mysdk",
+			boot_images: ["mybootimage"],
+		}
+
+		boot_image {
+			name: "mybootimage",
+			image_name: "art",
+		}
+	`)
+
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
+		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
+// This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
+
+prebuilt_boot_image {
+    name: "mybootimage",
+    prefer: false,
+    visibility: ["//visibility:public"],
+    apex_available: ["//apex_available:platform"],
+    image_name: "art",
+}
+`),
+		checkVersionedAndroidBpContents(`
+// This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
+
+prebuilt_boot_image {
+    name: "mysdk_mybootimage@current",
+    sdk_member_name: "mybootimage",
+    visibility: ["//visibility:public"],
+    apex_available: ["//apex_available:platform"],
+    image_name: "art",
+}
+
+sdk_snapshot {
+    name: "mysdk@current",
+    visibility: ["//visibility:public"],
+    boot_images: ["mysdk_mybootimage@current"],
+}
+`),
+		checkAllCopyRules(""))
+}
diff --git a/sdk/bp_test.go b/sdk/bp_test.go
index a7164a5..2bd8a43 100644
--- a/sdk/bp_test.go
+++ b/sdk/bp_test.go
@@ -54,26 +54,25 @@
 	return str
 }
 
-func checkPropertySetFixture(h android.TestHelper, val interface{}, hasTags bool) {
+func checkPropertySetFixture(t *testing.T, val interface{}, hasTags bool) {
 	set := val.(*bpPropertySet)
-	h.AssertDeepEquals("wrong x value", "taxi", set.getValue("x"))
-	h.AssertDeepEquals("wrong y value", 1729, set.getValue("y"))
+	android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "wrong x value", "taxi", set.getValue("x"))
+	android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "wrong y value", 1729, set.getValue("y"))
 
 	subset := set.getValue("sub").(*bpPropertySet)
-	h.AssertDeepEquals("wrong sub.x value", "taxi", subset.getValue("x"))
-	h.AssertDeepEquals("wrong sub.y value", 1729, subset.getValue("y"))
+	android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "wrong sub.x value", "taxi", subset.getValue("x"))
+	android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "wrong sub.y value", 1729, subset.getValue("y"))
 
 	if hasTags {
-		h.AssertDeepEquals("wrong y tag", "tag_y", set.getTag("y"))
-		h.AssertDeepEquals("wrong sub.x tag", "tag_x", subset.getTag("x"))
+		android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "wrong y tag", "tag_y", set.getTag("y"))
+		android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "wrong sub.x tag", "tag_x", subset.getTag("x"))
 	} else {
-		h.AssertDeepEquals("wrong y tag", nil, set.getTag("y"))
-		h.AssertDeepEquals("wrong sub.x tag", nil, subset.getTag("x"))
+		android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "wrong y tag", nil, set.getTag("y"))
+		android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "wrong sub.x tag", nil, subset.getTag("x"))
 	}
 }
 
 func TestAddPropertySimple(t *testing.T) {
-	h := android.TestHelper{t}
 	set := newPropertySet()
 	for name, val := range map[string]interface{}{
 		"x":   "taxi",
@@ -83,16 +82,15 @@
 		"arr": []string{"a", "b", "c"},
 	} {
 		set.AddProperty(name, val)
-		h.AssertDeepEquals("wrong value", val, set.getValue(name))
+		android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "wrong value", val, set.getValue(name))
 	}
-	h.AssertPanic("adding x again should panic",
+	android.AssertPanic(t, "adding x again should panic",
 		func() { set.AddProperty("x", "taxi") })
-	h.AssertPanic("adding arr again should panic",
+	android.AssertPanic(t, "adding arr again should panic",
 		func() { set.AddProperty("arr", []string{"d"}) })
 }
 
 func TestAddPropertySubset(t *testing.T) {
-	h := android.TestHelper{t}
 	getFixtureMap := map[string]func() interface{}{
 		"property set":    propertySetFixture,
 		"property struct": propertyStructFixture,
@@ -103,8 +101,8 @@
 			t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
 				set := propertySetFixture().(*bpPropertySet)
 				set.AddProperty("new", getFixture())
-				checkPropertySetFixture(h, set, true)
-				checkPropertySetFixture(h, set.getValue("new"), name == "property set")
+				checkPropertySetFixture(t, set, true)
+				checkPropertySetFixture(t, set.getValue("new"), name == "property set")
 			})
 		}
 	})
@@ -118,40 +116,38 @@
 				subset.AddPropertySet("sub")
 				set.AddProperty("sub", getFixture())
 				merged := set.getValue("sub").(*bpPropertySet)
-				h.AssertDeepEquals("wrong flag value", false, merged.getValue("flag"))
-				checkPropertySetFixture(h, merged, name == "property set")
+				android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "wrong flag value", false, merged.getValue("flag"))
+				checkPropertySetFixture(t, merged, name == "property set")
 			})
 		}
 	})
 
 	t.Run("add conflicting subset", func(t *testing.T) {
 		set := propertySetFixture().(*bpPropertySet)
-		h.AssertPanic("adding x again should panic",
+		android.AssertPanic(t, "adding x again should panic",
 			func() { set.AddProperty("x", propertySetFixture()) })
 	})
 
 	t.Run("add non-pointer struct", func(t *testing.T) {
 		set := propertySetFixture().(*bpPropertySet)
 		str := propertyStructFixture().(*propertyStruct)
-		h.AssertPanic("adding a non-pointer struct should panic",
+		android.AssertPanic(t, "adding a non-pointer struct should panic",
 			func() { set.AddProperty("new", *str) })
 	})
 }
 
 func TestAddPropertySetNew(t *testing.T) {
-	h := android.TestHelper{t}
 	set := newPropertySet()
 	subset := set.AddPropertySet("sub")
 	subset.AddProperty("new", "d^^b")
-	h.AssertDeepEquals("wrong sub.new value", "d^^b", set.getValue("sub").(*bpPropertySet).getValue("new"))
+	android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "wrong sub.new value", "d^^b", set.getValue("sub").(*bpPropertySet).getValue("new"))
 }
 
 func TestAddPropertySetExisting(t *testing.T) {
-	h := android.TestHelper{t}
 	set := propertySetFixture().(*bpPropertySet)
 	subset := set.AddPropertySet("sub")
 	subset.AddProperty("new", "d^^b")
-	h.AssertDeepEquals("wrong sub.new value", "d^^b", set.getValue("sub").(*bpPropertySet).getValue("new"))
+	android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "wrong sub.new value", "d^^b", set.getValue("sub").(*bpPropertySet).getValue("new"))
 }
 
 type removeFredTransformation struct {
@@ -180,9 +176,6 @@
 }
 
 func TestTransformRemoveProperty(t *testing.T) {
-
-	helper := android.TestHelper{t}
-
 	set := newPropertySet()
 	set.AddProperty("name", "name")
 	set.AddProperty("fred", "12")
@@ -191,13 +184,10 @@
 
 	contents := &generatedContents{}
 	outputPropertySet(contents, set)
-	helper.AssertTrimmedStringEquals("removing property failed", "name: \"name\",\n", contents.content.String())
+	android.AssertTrimmedStringEquals(t, "removing property failed", "name: \"name\",\n", contents.content.String())
 }
 
 func TestTransformRemovePropertySet(t *testing.T) {
-
-	helper := android.TestHelper{t}
-
 	set := newPropertySet()
 	set.AddProperty("name", "name")
 	set.AddPropertySet("fred")
@@ -206,5 +196,5 @@
 
 	contents := &generatedContents{}
 	outputPropertySet(contents, set)
-	helper.AssertTrimmedStringEquals("removing property set failed", "name: \"name\",\n", contents.content.String())
+	android.AssertTrimmedStringEquals(t, "removing property set failed", "name: \"name\",\n", contents.content.String())
 }
diff --git a/sdk/cc_sdk_test.go b/sdk/cc_sdk_test.go
index 6da135a..a2539c9 100644
--- a/sdk/cc_sdk_test.go
+++ b/sdk/cc_sdk_test.go
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 	"android/soong/cc"
 )
 
-var ccTestFs = map[string][]byte{
+var ccTestFs = android.MockFS{
 	"Test.cpp":                        nil,
 	"myinclude/Test.h":                nil,
 	"myinclude-android/AndroidTest.h": nil,
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 	"some/where/stubslib.map.txt":     nil,
 }
 
-func testSdkWithCc(t *testing.T, bp string) *testSdkResult {
+func testSdkWithCc(t *testing.T, bp string) *android.TestResult {
 	t.Helper()
 	return testSdkWithFs(t, bp, ccTestFs)
 }
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkAllCopyRules(`
 myinclude/Test.h -> include/myinclude/Test.h
 .intermediates/mynativelib1/android_arm64_armv8-a_shared/mynativelib1.so -> arm64/lib/mynativelib1.so
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mymodule_exports", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mymodule_exports", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -700,7 +700,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "myexports", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "myexports", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -808,7 +808,15 @@
 }
 
 func TestSnapshotWithSingleHostOsType(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx, config := testSdkContext(`
+	result := sdkFixtureFactory.Extend(
+		ccTestFs.AddToFixture(),
+		cc.PrepareForTestOnLinuxBionic,
+		android.FixtureModifyConfig(func(config android.Config) {
+			config.Targets[android.LinuxBionic] = []android.Target{
+				{android.LinuxBionic, android.Arch{ArchType: android.X86_64}, android.NativeBridgeDisabled, "", "", false},
+			}
+		}),
+	).RunTestWithBp(t, `
 		cc_defaults {
 			name: "mydefaults",
 			device_supported: false,
@@ -849,11 +857,9 @@
 			],
 			stl: "none",
 		}
-	`, ccTestFs, []android.OsType{android.LinuxBionic})
+	`)
 
-	result := runTests(t, ctx, config)
-
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "myexports", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "myexports", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -991,7 +997,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mymodule_exports", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mymodule_exports", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -1099,7 +1105,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -1200,7 +1206,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -1297,7 +1303,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -1424,7 +1430,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -1552,7 +1558,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "myexports", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "myexports", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -1615,7 +1621,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "myexports", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "myexports", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -1729,7 +1735,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "myexports", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "myexports", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -1843,7 +1849,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "myexports", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "myexports", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -1940,7 +1946,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -1978,7 +1984,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -2080,7 +2086,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -2112,7 +2118,6 @@
     },
 }
 `),
-		// Verifi
 		checkVersionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -2193,7 +2198,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -2266,7 +2271,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -2377,7 +2382,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -2430,7 +2435,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -2543,7 +2548,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -2658,7 +2663,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
diff --git a/sdk/exports_test.go b/sdk/exports_test.go
index 54a40d2..fd7741c 100644
--- a/sdk/exports_test.go
+++ b/sdk/exports_test.go
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 			"package/Android.bp": []byte(packageBp),
 		})
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "myexports", "package",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "myexports", "package",
 		checkAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
diff --git a/sdk/java_sdk_test.go b/sdk/java_sdk_test.go
index ef8e4a0..f4e9380 100644
--- a/sdk/java_sdk_test.go
+++ b/sdk/java_sdk_test.go
@@ -17,10 +17,11 @@
 import (
 	"testing"
 
+	"android/soong/android"
 	"android/soong/java"
 )
 
-func testSdkWithJava(t *testing.T, bp string) *testSdkResult {
+func testSdkWithJava(t *testing.T, bp string) *android.TestResult {
 	t.Helper()
 
 	fs := map[string][]byte{
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@
 	// Make sure that the mysdk module depends on "sdkmember" and not "prebuilt_sdkmember".
 	java.CheckModuleDependencies(t, result.TestContext, "mysdk", "android_common", []string{"sdkmember"})
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkAndroidBpContents(`// This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
 java_import {
@@ -255,7 +256,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -312,7 +313,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -369,7 +370,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -440,7 +441,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "myexports", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "myexports", "",
 		checkAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -496,7 +497,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "myexports", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "myexports", "",
 		checkAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -551,7 +552,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "myexports", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "myexports", "",
 		checkAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -607,7 +608,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "myexports", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "myexports", "",
 		checkAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -662,7 +663,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "myexports", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "myexports", "",
 		checkAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -731,7 +732,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -827,7 +828,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -918,7 +919,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "myexports", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "myexports", "",
 		checkAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -1032,7 +1033,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -1133,7 +1134,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -1202,7 +1203,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -1274,7 +1275,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -1367,7 +1368,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -1475,7 +1476,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -1563,7 +1564,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -1639,7 +1640,7 @@
 		}
 	`)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
 		checkAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
diff --git a/sdk/sdk_test.go b/sdk/sdk_test.go
index 65a9001..05d8bdb 100644
--- a/sdk/sdk_test.go
+++ b/sdk/sdk_test.go
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@
 			"package/Android.bp": []byte(packageBp),
 		})
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "package",
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "package",
 		checkAndroidBpContents(`
 // This is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT.
 
@@ -317,9 +317,8 @@
 	`
 	result := testSdkWithFs(t, sdk, nil)
 
-	CheckSnapshot(result, "mysdk", "",
-		checkAllOtherCopyRules(`.intermediates/mysdk/common_os/mysdk-current.zip -> mysdk-current.zip`),
-	)
+	CheckSnapshot(t, result, "mysdk", "",
+		checkAllOtherCopyRules(`.intermediates/mysdk/common_os/mysdk-current.zip -> mysdk-current.zip`))
 }
 
 type EmbeddedPropertiesStruct struct {
@@ -387,12 +386,10 @@
 
 	extractor := newCommonValueExtractor(common)
 
-	h := android.TestHelper{t}
-
 	err := extractor.extractCommonProperties(common, structs)
-	h.AssertDeepEquals("unexpected error", nil, err)
+	android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "unexpected error", nil, err)
 
-	h.AssertDeepEquals("common properties not correct",
+	android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "common properties not correct",
 		&testPropertiesStruct{
 			name:        "common",
 			private:     "",
@@ -410,7 +407,7 @@
 		},
 		common)
 
-	h.AssertDeepEquals("updated properties[0] not correct",
+	android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "updated properties[0] not correct",
 		&testPropertiesStruct{
 			name:        "struct-0",
 			private:     "common",
@@ -428,7 +425,7 @@
 		},
 		structs[0])
 
-	h.AssertDeepEquals("updated properties[1] not correct",
+	android.AssertDeepEquals(t, "updated properties[1] not correct",
 		&testPropertiesStruct{
 			name:        "struct-1",
 			private:     "common",
@@ -462,10 +459,8 @@
 
 	extractor := newCommonValueExtractor(common)
 
-	h := android.TestHelper{t}
-
 	err := extractor.extractCommonProperties(common, structs)
-	h.AssertErrorMessageEquals("unexpected error", `field "S_Common" is not tagged as "arch_variant" but has arch specific properties:
+	android.AssertErrorMessageEquals(t, "unexpected error", `field "S_Common" is not tagged as "arch_variant" but has arch specific properties:
     "struct-0" has value "should-be-but-is-not-common0"
     "struct-1" has value "should-be-but-is-not-common1"`, err)
 }
diff --git a/sdk/testing.go b/sdk/testing.go
index 3fb27ca..a5519f8 100644
--- a/sdk/testing.go
+++ b/sdk/testing.go
@@ -29,10 +29,15 @@
 	"android/soong/java"
 )
 
-func testSdkContext(bp string, fs map[string][]byte, extraOsTypes []android.OsType) (*android.TestContext, android.Config) {
-	extraOsTypes = append(extraOsTypes, android.Android, android.Windows)
+var sdkFixtureFactory = android.NewFixtureFactory(
+	&buildDir,
+	apex.PrepareForTestWithApexBuildComponents,
+	cc.PrepareForTestWithCcDefaultModules,
+	genrule.PrepareForTestWithGenRuleBuildComponents,
+	java.PrepareForTestWithJavaBuildComponents,
+	PrepareForTestWithSdkBuildComponents,
 
-	bp = bp + `
+	android.FixtureAddTextFile("sdk/tests/Android.bp", `
 		apex_key {
 			name: "myapex.key",
 			public_key: "myapex.avbpubkey",
@@ -43,9 +48,9 @@
 			name: "myapex.cert",
 			certificate: "myapex",
 		}
-	` + cc.GatherRequiredDepsForTest(extraOsTypes...)
+	`),
 
-	mockFS := map[string][]byte{
+	android.FixtureMergeMockFs(map[string][]byte{
 		"build/make/target/product/security":           nil,
 		"apex_manifest.json":                           nil,
 		"system/sepolicy/apex/myapex-file_contexts":    nil,
@@ -55,113 +60,33 @@
 		"myapex.pem":                                   nil,
 		"myapex.x509.pem":                              nil,
 		"myapex.pk8":                                   nil,
-	}
+	}),
 
-	cc.GatherRequiredFilesForTest(mockFS)
-
-	for k, v := range fs {
-		mockFS[k] = v
-	}
-
-	config := android.TestArchConfig(buildDir, nil, bp, mockFS)
-
-	// Add windows as a default disable OS to test behavior when some OS variants
-	// are disabled.
-	config.Targets[android.Windows] = []android.Target{
-		{android.Windows, android.Arch{ArchType: android.X86_64}, android.NativeBridgeDisabled, "", "", true},
-	}
-
-	for _, extraOsType := range extraOsTypes {
-		switch extraOsType {
-		case android.LinuxBionic:
-			config.Targets[android.LinuxBionic] = []android.Target{
-				{android.LinuxBionic, android.Arch{ArchType: android.X86_64}, android.NativeBridgeDisabled, "", "", false},
-			}
+	cc.PrepareForTestOnWindows,
+	android.FixtureModifyConfig(func(config android.Config) {
+		// Add windows as a default disable OS to test behavior when some OS variants
+		// are disabled.
+		config.Targets[android.Windows] = []android.Target{
+			{android.Windows, android.Arch{ArchType: android.X86_64}, android.NativeBridgeDisabled, "", "", true},
 		}
-	}
+	}),
+)
 
-	ctx := android.NewTestArchContext(config)
+var PrepareForTestWithSdkBuildComponents = android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+	android.FixtureRegisterWithContext(registerModuleExportsBuildComponents),
+	android.FixtureRegisterWithContext(registerSdkBuildComponents),
+)
 
-	// Enable androidmk support.
-	// * Register the singleton
-	// * Configure that we are inside make
-	// * Add CommonOS to ensure that androidmk processing works.
-	android.RegisterAndroidMkBuildComponents(ctx)
-	android.SetKatiEnabledForTests(config)
-	config.Targets[android.CommonOS] = []android.Target{
-		{android.CommonOS, android.Arch{ArchType: android.Common}, android.NativeBridgeDisabled, "", "", true},
-	}
-
-	// from android package
-	android.RegisterPackageBuildComponents(ctx)
-	ctx.RegisterModuleType("filegroup", android.FileGroupFactory)
-	ctx.PreArchMutators(android.RegisterVisibilityRuleChecker)
-	ctx.PreArchMutators(android.RegisterDefaultsPreArchMutators)
-	ctx.PreArchMutators(android.RegisterComponentsMutator)
-
-	android.RegisterPrebuiltMutators(ctx)
-
-	// Register these after the prebuilt mutators have been registered to match what
-	// happens at runtime.
-	ctx.PreArchMutators(android.RegisterVisibilityRuleGatherer)
-	ctx.PostDepsMutators(android.RegisterVisibilityRuleEnforcer)
-
-	// from java package
-	java.RegisterRequiredBuildComponentsForTest(ctx)
-
-	// from genrule package
-	genrule.RegisterGenruleBuildComponents(ctx)
-
-	// from cc package
-	cc.RegisterRequiredBuildComponentsForTest(ctx)
-
-	// from apex package
-	ctx.RegisterModuleType("apex", apex.BundleFactory)
-	ctx.RegisterModuleType("apex_key", apex.ApexKeyFactory)
-	ctx.PostDepsMutators(apex.RegisterPostDepsMutators)
-
-	// from this package
-	registerModuleExportsBuildComponents(ctx)
-	registerSdkBuildComponents(ctx)
-
-	ctx.Register()
-
-	return ctx, config
-}
-
-func runTests(t *testing.T, ctx *android.TestContext, config android.Config) *testSdkResult {
+func testSdkWithFs(t *testing.T, bp string, fs android.MockFS) *android.TestResult {
 	t.Helper()
-	_, errs := ctx.ParseBlueprintsFiles(".")
-	android.FailIfErrored(t, errs)
-	_, errs = ctx.PrepareBuildActions(config)
-	android.FailIfErrored(t, errs)
-	return &testSdkResult{
-		TestHelper:  android.TestHelper{T: t},
-		TestContext: ctx,
-	}
-}
-
-func testSdkWithFs(t *testing.T, bp string, fs map[string][]byte) *testSdkResult {
-	t.Helper()
-	ctx, config := testSdkContext(bp, fs, nil)
-	return runTests(t, ctx, config)
+	return sdkFixtureFactory.RunTest(t, fs.AddToFixture(), android.FixtureWithRootAndroidBp(bp))
 }
 
 func testSdkError(t *testing.T, pattern, bp string) {
 	t.Helper()
-	ctx, config := testSdkContext(bp, nil, nil)
-	_, errs := ctx.ParseFileList(".", []string{"Android.bp"})
-	if len(errs) > 0 {
-		android.FailIfNoMatchingErrors(t, pattern, errs)
-		return
-	}
-	_, errs = ctx.PrepareBuildActions(config)
-	if len(errs) > 0 {
-		android.FailIfNoMatchingErrors(t, pattern, errs)
-		return
-	}
-
-	t.Fatalf("missing expected error %q (0 errors are returned)", pattern)
+	sdkFixtureFactory.
+		ExtendWithErrorHandler(android.FixtureExpectsAtLeastOneErrorMatchingPattern(pattern)).
+		RunTestWithBp(t, bp)
 }
 
 func ensureListContains(t *testing.T, result []string, expected string) {
@@ -179,23 +104,13 @@
 	return ret
 }
 
-// Encapsulates result of processing an SDK definition. Provides support for
-// checking the state of the build structures.
-type testSdkResult struct {
-	android.TestHelper
-	*android.TestContext
-}
-
-func (result *testSdkResult) Module(name string, variant string) android.Module {
-	return result.ModuleForTests(name, variant).Module()
-}
-
 // Analyse the sdk build rules to extract information about what it is doing.
 //
 // e.g. find the src/dest pairs from each cp command, the various zip files
 // generated, etc.
-func getSdkSnapshotBuildInfo(result *testSdkResult, sdk *sdk) *snapshotBuildInfo {
+func getSdkSnapshotBuildInfo(t *testing.T, result *android.TestResult, sdk *sdk) *snapshotBuildInfo {
 	info := &snapshotBuildInfo{
+		t:                            t,
 		r:                            result,
 		androidBpContents:            sdk.GetAndroidBpContentsForTests(),
 		androidUnversionedBpContents: sdk.GetUnversionedAndroidBpContentsForTests(),
@@ -239,7 +154,7 @@
 			info.intermediateZip = info.outputZip
 			mergeInput := android.NormalizePathForTesting(bp.Input)
 			if info.intermediateZip != mergeInput {
-				result.Errorf("Expected intermediate zip %s to be an input to merge zips but found %s instead",
+				t.Errorf("Expected intermediate zip %s to be an input to merge zips but found %s instead",
 					info.intermediateZip, mergeInput)
 			}
 
@@ -263,15 +178,15 @@
 // Takes a list of functions which check different facets of the snapshot build rules.
 // Allows each test to customize what is checked without duplicating lots of code
 // or proliferating check methods of different flavors.
-func CheckSnapshot(result *testSdkResult, name string, dir string, checkers ...snapshotBuildInfoChecker) {
-	result.Helper()
+func CheckSnapshot(t *testing.T, result *android.TestResult, name string, dir string, checkers ...snapshotBuildInfoChecker) {
+	t.Helper()
 
 	// The sdk CommonOS variant is always responsible for generating the snapshot.
 	variant := android.CommonOS.Name
 
 	sdk := result.Module(name, variant).(*sdk)
 
-	snapshotBuildInfo := getSdkSnapshotBuildInfo(result, sdk)
+	snapshotBuildInfo := getSdkSnapshotBuildInfo(t, result, sdk)
 
 	// Check state of the snapshot build.
 	for _, checker := range checkers {
@@ -283,7 +198,7 @@
 	if dir != "" {
 		dir = filepath.Clean(dir) + "/"
 	}
-	result.AssertStringEquals("Snapshot zip file in wrong place",
+	android.AssertStringEquals(t, "Snapshot zip file in wrong place",
 		fmt.Sprintf(".intermediates/%s%s/%s/%s-current.zip", dir, name, variant, name), actual)
 
 	// Populate a mock filesystem with the files that would have been copied by
@@ -294,7 +209,7 @@
 	}
 
 	// Process the generated bp file to make sure it is valid.
-	testSdkWithFs(result.T, snapshotBuildInfo.androidBpContents, fs)
+	testSdkWithFs(t, snapshotBuildInfo.androidBpContents, fs)
 }
 
 type snapshotBuildInfoChecker func(info *snapshotBuildInfo)
@@ -304,8 +219,8 @@
 // Both the expected and actual string are both trimmed before comparing.
 func checkAndroidBpContents(expected string) snapshotBuildInfoChecker {
 	return func(info *snapshotBuildInfo) {
-		info.r.Helper()
-		info.r.AssertTrimmedStringEquals("Android.bp contents do not match", expected, info.androidBpContents)
+		info.t.Helper()
+		android.AssertTrimmedStringEquals(info.t, "Android.bp contents do not match", expected, info.androidBpContents)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -316,8 +231,8 @@
 // Both the expected and actual string are both trimmed before comparing.
 func checkUnversionedAndroidBpContents(expected string) snapshotBuildInfoChecker {
 	return func(info *snapshotBuildInfo) {
-		info.r.Helper()
-		info.r.AssertTrimmedStringEquals("unversioned Android.bp contents do not match", expected, info.androidUnversionedBpContents)
+		info.t.Helper()
+		android.AssertTrimmedStringEquals(info.t, "unversioned Android.bp contents do not match", expected, info.androidUnversionedBpContents)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -331,8 +246,8 @@
 // Both the expected and actual string are both trimmed before comparing.
 func checkVersionedAndroidBpContents(expected string) snapshotBuildInfoChecker {
 	return func(info *snapshotBuildInfo) {
-		info.r.Helper()
-		info.r.AssertTrimmedStringEquals("versioned Android.bp contents do not match", expected, info.androidVersionedBpContents)
+		info.t.Helper()
+		android.AssertTrimmedStringEquals(info.t, "versioned Android.bp contents do not match", expected, info.androidVersionedBpContents)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -343,27 +258,27 @@
 // before comparing.
 func checkAllCopyRules(expected string) snapshotBuildInfoChecker {
 	return func(info *snapshotBuildInfo) {
-		info.r.Helper()
-		info.r.AssertTrimmedStringEquals("Incorrect copy rules", expected, info.copyRules)
+		info.t.Helper()
+		android.AssertTrimmedStringEquals(info.t, "Incorrect copy rules", expected, info.copyRules)
 	}
 }
 
 func checkAllOtherCopyRules(expected string) snapshotBuildInfoChecker {
 	return func(info *snapshotBuildInfo) {
-		info.r.Helper()
-		info.r.AssertTrimmedStringEquals("Incorrect copy rules", expected, info.otherCopyRules)
+		info.t.Helper()
+		android.AssertTrimmedStringEquals(info.t, "Incorrect copy rules", expected, info.otherCopyRules)
 	}
 }
 
 // Check that the specified paths match the list of zips to merge with the intermediate zip.
 func checkMergeZips(expected ...string) snapshotBuildInfoChecker {
 	return func(info *snapshotBuildInfo) {
-		info.r.Helper()
+		info.t.Helper()
 		if info.intermediateZip == "" {
-			info.r.Errorf("No intermediate zip file was created")
+			info.t.Errorf("No intermediate zip file was created")
 		}
 
-		info.r.AssertDeepEquals("mismatching merge zip files", expected, info.mergeZips)
+		android.AssertDeepEquals(info.t, "mismatching merge zip files", expected, info.mergeZips)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -373,7 +288,10 @@
 // All source/input paths are relative either the build directory. All dest/output paths are
 // relative to the snapshot root directory.
 type snapshotBuildInfo struct {
-	r *testSdkResult
+	t *testing.T
+
+	// The result from RunTest()
+	r *android.TestResult
 
 	// The contents of the generated Android.bp file
 	androidBpContents string