diff --git a/java/aar.go b/java/aar.go
index 95b9a67..fc039fa 100644
--- a/java/aar.go
+++ b/java/aar.go
@@ -88,28 +88,40 @@
 	// do not include AndroidManifest from dependent libraries
 	Dont_merge_manifests *bool
 
+	// If use_resource_processor is set, use Bazel's resource processor instead of aapt2 to generate R.class files.
+	// The resource processor produces more optimal R.class files that only list resources in the package of the
+	// library that provided them, as opposed to aapt2 which produces R.java files for every package containing
+	// every resource.  Using the resource processor can provide significant build time speedups, but requires
+	// fixing the module to use the correct package to reference each resource, and to avoid having any other
+	// libraries in the tree that use the same package name.  Defaults to false, but will default to true in the
+	// future.
+	Use_resource_processor *bool
+
 	// true if RRO is enforced for any of the dependent modules
 	RROEnforcedForDependent bool `blueprint:"mutated"`
 }
 
 type aapt struct {
-	aaptSrcJar             android.Path
-	exportPackage          android.Path
-	manifestPath           android.Path
-	proguardOptionsFile    android.Path
-	rTxt                   android.Path
-	extraAaptPackagesFile  android.Path
-	mergedManifestFile     android.Path
-	noticeFile             android.OptionalPath
-	assetPackage           android.OptionalPath
-	isLibrary              bool
-	defaultManifestVersion string
-	useEmbeddedNativeLibs  bool
-	useEmbeddedDex         bool
-	usesNonSdkApis         bool
-	hasNoCode              bool
-	LoggingParent          string
-	resourceFiles          android.Paths
+	aaptSrcJar                     android.Path
+	transitiveAaptRJars            android.Paths
+	transitiveAaptResourcePackages android.Paths
+	exportPackage                  android.Path
+	manifestPath                   android.Path
+	proguardOptionsFile            android.Path
+	rTxt                           android.Path
+	rJar                           android.Path
+	extraAaptPackagesFile          android.Path
+	mergedManifestFile             android.Path
+	noticeFile                     android.OptionalPath
+	assetPackage                   android.OptionalPath
+	isLibrary                      bool
+	defaultManifestVersion         string
+	useEmbeddedNativeLibs          bool
+	useEmbeddedDex                 bool
+	usesNonSdkApis                 bool
+	hasNoCode                      bool
+	LoggingParent                  string
+	resourceFiles                  android.Paths
 
 	splitNames []string
 	splits     []split
@@ -139,6 +151,10 @@
 	}
 }
 
+func (a *aapt) useResourceProcessorBusyBox() bool {
+	return BoolDefault(a.aaptProperties.Use_resource_processor, false)
+}
+
 func (a *aapt) ExportPackage() android.Path {
 	return a.exportPackage
 }
@@ -175,7 +191,6 @@
 	// Flags specified in Android.bp
 	linkFlags = append(linkFlags, a.aaptProperties.Aaptflags...)
 
-	linkFlags = append(linkFlags, "--no-static-lib-packages")
 	linkFlags = append(linkFlags, "--enable-compact-entries")
 
 	// Find implicit or explicit asset and resource dirs
@@ -349,6 +364,19 @@
 		linkFlags = append(linkFlags, "--static-lib")
 	}
 
+	if a.isLibrary && a.useResourceProcessorBusyBox() {
+		// When building an android_library using ResourceProcessorBusyBox the resources are merged into
+		// package-res.apk with --merge-only, but --no-static-lib-packages is not used so that R.txt only
+		// contains resources from this library.
+		linkFlags = append(linkFlags, "--merge-only")
+	} else {
+		// When building and app or when building an android_library without ResourceProcessorBusyBox
+		// --no-static-lib-packages is used to put all the resources into the app.  If ResourceProcessorBusyBox
+		// is used then the app's R.txt will be post-processed along with the R.txt files from dependencies to
+		// sort resources into the right packages in R.class.
+		linkFlags = append(linkFlags, "--no-static-lib-packages")
+	}
+
 	packageRes := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "package-res.apk")
 	// the subdir "android" is required to be filtered by package names
 	srcJar := android.PathForModuleGen(ctx, "android", "R.srcjar")
@@ -356,6 +384,7 @@
 	rTxt := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "R.txt")
 	// This file isn't used by Soong, but is generated for exporting
 	extraPackages := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "extra_packages")
+	var transitiveRJars android.Paths
 
 	var compiledResDirs []android.Paths
 	for _, dir := range resDirs {
@@ -375,7 +404,23 @@
 	// of transitiveStaticLibs.
 	transitiveStaticLibs := android.ReversePaths(staticDeps.resPackages())
 
-	compiledOverlay = append(compiledOverlay, transitiveStaticLibs...)
+	if a.isLibrary && a.useResourceProcessorBusyBox() {
+		// When building an android_library with ResourceProcessorBusyBox enabled treat static library dependencies
+		// as imports.  The resources from dependencies will not be merged into this module's package-res.apk, and
+		// instead modules depending on this module will reference package-res.apk from all transitive static
+		// dependencies.
+		for _, staticDep := range staticDeps {
+			linkDeps = append(linkDeps, staticDep.resPackage)
+			linkFlags = append(linkFlags, "-I "+staticDep.resPackage.String())
+			if staticDep.usedResourceProcessor {
+				transitiveRJars = append(transitiveRJars, staticDep.rJar)
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		// When building an app or building a library without ResourceProcessorBusyBox enabled all static
+		// dependencies are compiled into this module's package-res.apk as overlays.
+		compiledOverlay = append(compiledOverlay, transitiveStaticLibs...)
+	}
 
 	if len(transitiveStaticLibs) > 0 {
 		// If we are using static android libraries, every source file becomes an overlay.
@@ -438,7 +483,16 @@
 		a.assetPackage = android.OptionalPathForPath(assets)
 	}
 
+	if a.useResourceProcessorBusyBox() {
+		rJar := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "busybox/R.jar")
+		resourceProcessorBusyBoxGenerateBinaryR(ctx, rTxt, a.mergedManifestFile, rJar, staticDeps, a.isLibrary)
+		transitiveRJars = append(transitiveRJars, rJar)
+		a.rJar = rJar
+	}
+
 	a.aaptSrcJar = srcJar
+	a.transitiveAaptRJars = transitiveRJars
+	a.transitiveAaptResourcePackages = staticDeps.resPackages()
 	a.exportPackage = packageRes
 	a.manifestPath = manifestPath
 	a.proguardOptionsFile = proguardOptionsFile
@@ -450,7 +504,11 @@
 			resPackage:          a.exportPackage,
 			manifest:            a.manifestPath,
 			additionalManifests: additionalManifests,
+			rTxt:                a.rTxt,
+			rJar:                a.rJar,
 			assets:              a.assetPackage,
+
+			usedResourceProcessor: a.useResourceProcessorBusyBox(),
 		}).
 		Transitive(staticResourcesNodesDepSet).Build()
 	a.rroDirsDepSet = android.NewDepSetBuilder[rroDir](android.TOPOLOGICAL).
@@ -462,34 +520,93 @@
 		Transitive(staticManifestsDepSet).Build()
 }
 
+var resourceProcessorBusyBox = pctx.AndroidStaticRule("resourceProcessorBusyBox",
+	blueprint.RuleParams{
+		Command: "${config.JavaCmd} -cp ${config.ResourceProcessorBusyBox} " +
+			"com.google.devtools.build.android.ResourceProcessorBusyBox --tool=GENERATE_BINARY_R -- @${out}.args && " +
+			"if cmp -s ${out}.tmp ${out} ; then rm ${out}.tmp ; else mv ${out}.tmp ${out}; fi",
+		CommandDeps:    []string{"${config.ResourceProcessorBusyBox}"},
+		Rspfile:        "${out}.args",
+		RspfileContent: "--primaryRTxt ${rTxt} --primaryManifest ${manifest} --classJarOutput ${out}.tmp ${args}",
+		Restat:         true,
+	}, "rTxt", "manifest", "args")
+
+// resourceProcessorBusyBoxGenerateBinaryR converts the R.txt file produced by aapt2 into R.class files
+// using Bazel's ResourceProcessorBusyBox tool, which is faster than compiling the R.java files and
+// supports producing classes for static dependencies that only include resources from that dependency.
+func resourceProcessorBusyBoxGenerateBinaryR(ctx android.ModuleContext, rTxt, manifest android.Path,
+	rJar android.WritablePath, transitiveDeps transitiveAarDeps, isLibrary bool) {
+
+	var args []string
+	var deps android.Paths
+
+	if !isLibrary {
+		// When compiling an app, pass all R.txt and AndroidManifest.xml from transitive static library dependencies
+		// to ResourceProcessorBusyBox so that it can regenerate R.class files with the final resource IDs for each
+		// package.
+		args, deps = transitiveDeps.resourceProcessorDeps()
+	} else {
+		// When compiling a library don't pass any dependencies as it only needs to generate an R.class file for this
+		// library.  Pass --finalFields=false so that the R.class file contains non-final fields so they don't get
+		// inlined into the library before the final IDs are assigned during app compilation.
+		args = append(args, "--finalFields=false")
+	}
+
+	deps = append(deps, rTxt, manifest)
+
+	ctx.Build(pctx, android.BuildParams{
+		Rule:        resourceProcessorBusyBox,
+		Output:      rJar,
+		Implicits:   deps,
+		Description: "ResourceProcessorBusyBox",
+		Args: map[string]string{
+			"rTxt":     rTxt.String(),
+			"manifest": manifest.String(),
+			"args":     strings.Join(args, " "),
+		},
+	})
+}
+
 type resourcesNode struct {
 	resPackage          android.Path
 	manifest            android.Path
 	additionalManifests android.Paths
+	rTxt                android.Path
+	rJar                android.Path
 	assets              android.OptionalPath
+
+	usedResourceProcessor bool
 }
 
 type transitiveAarDeps []*resourcesNode
 
 func (t transitiveAarDeps) resPackages() android.Paths {
-	var paths android.Paths
+	paths := make(android.Paths, 0, len(t))
 	for _, dep := range t {
 		paths = append(paths, dep.resPackage)
 	}
-	return android.FirstUniquePaths(paths)
+	return paths
 }
 
 func (t transitiveAarDeps) manifests() android.Paths {
-	var paths android.Paths
+	paths := make(android.Paths, 0, len(t))
 	for _, dep := range t {
 		paths = append(paths, dep.manifest)
 		paths = append(paths, dep.additionalManifests...)
 	}
-	return android.FirstUniquePaths(paths)
+	return paths
+}
+
+func (t transitiveAarDeps) resourceProcessorDeps() (args []string, deps android.Paths) {
+	for _, dep := range t {
+		args = append(args, "--library="+dep.rTxt.String()+","+dep.manifest.String())
+		deps = append(deps, dep.rTxt, dep.manifest)
+	}
+	return args, deps
 }
 
 func (t transitiveAarDeps) assets() android.Paths {
-	var paths android.Paths
+	paths := make(android.Paths, 0, len(t))
 	for _, dep := range t {
 		if dep.assets.Valid() {
 			paths = append(paths, dep.assets.Path())
@@ -614,9 +731,12 @@
 
 	a.stem = proptools.StringDefault(a.overridableDeviceProperties.Stem, ctx.ModuleName())
 
-	ctx.CheckbuildFile(a.proguardOptionsFile)
-	ctx.CheckbuildFile(a.exportPackage)
-	ctx.CheckbuildFile(a.aaptSrcJar)
+	ctx.CheckbuildFile(a.aapt.proguardOptionsFile)
+	ctx.CheckbuildFile(a.aapt.exportPackage)
+	ctx.CheckbuildFile(a.aapt.aaptSrcJar)
+	if a.useResourceProcessorBusyBox() {
+		ctx.CheckbuildFile(a.aapt.rJar)
+	}
 
 	// apps manifests are handled by aapt, don't let Module see them
 	a.properties.Manifest = nil
@@ -628,7 +748,22 @@
 	a.Module.extraProguardFlagFiles = append(a.Module.extraProguardFlagFiles,
 		a.proguardOptionsFile)
 
-	a.Module.compile(ctx, a.aaptSrcJar)
+	var extraSrcJars android.Paths
+	var extraCombinedJars android.Paths
+	var extraClasspathJars android.Paths
+	if a.useResourceProcessorBusyBox() {
+		// When building a library with ResourceProcessorBusyBox enabled ResourceProcessorBusyBox for this
+		// library and each of the transitive static android_library dependencies has already created an
+		// R.class file for the appropriate package.  Add all of those R.class files to the classpath.
+		extraClasspathJars = a.transitiveAaptRJars
+	} else {
+		// When building a library without ResourceProcessorBusyBox the aapt2 rule creates R.srcjar containing
+		// R.java files for the library's package and the packages from all transitive static android_library
+		// dependencies.  Compile the srcjar alongside the rest of the sources.
+		extraSrcJars = android.Paths{a.aapt.aaptSrcJar}
+	}
+
+	a.Module.compile(ctx, extraSrcJars, extraClasspathJars, extraCombinedJars)
 
 	a.aarFile = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, ctx.ModuleName()+".aar")
 	var res android.Paths
@@ -730,12 +865,15 @@
 
 	properties AARImportProperties
 
-	classpathFile         android.WritablePath
-	proguardFlags         android.WritablePath
-	exportPackage         android.WritablePath
-	extraAaptPackagesFile android.WritablePath
-	manifest              android.WritablePath
-	assetsPackage         android.WritablePath
+	classpathFile                  android.WritablePath
+	proguardFlags                  android.WritablePath
+	exportPackage                  android.WritablePath
+	transitiveAaptResourcePackages android.Paths
+	extraAaptPackagesFile          android.WritablePath
+	manifest                       android.WritablePath
+	assetsPackage                  android.WritablePath
+	rTxt                           android.WritablePath
+	rJar                           android.WritablePath
 
 	resourcesNodesDepSet *android.DepSet[*resourcesNode]
 	manifestsDepSet      *android.DepSet[android.Path]
@@ -904,12 +1042,13 @@
 	a.classpathFile = extractedAARDir.Join(ctx, "classes-combined.jar")
 	a.proguardFlags = extractedAARDir.Join(ctx, "proguard.txt")
 	a.manifest = extractedAARDir.Join(ctx, "AndroidManifest.xml")
+	aarRTxt := extractedAARDir.Join(ctx, "R.txt")
 	a.assetsPackage = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "assets.zip")
 
 	ctx.Build(pctx, android.BuildParams{
 		Rule:        unzipAAR,
 		Input:       a.aarPath,
-		Outputs:     android.WritablePaths{a.classpathFile, a.proguardFlags, a.manifest, a.assetsPackage},
+		Outputs:     android.WritablePaths{a.classpathFile, a.proguardFlags, a.manifest, a.assetsPackage, aarRTxt},
 		Description: "unzip AAR",
 		Args: map[string]string{
 			"outDir":             extractedAARDir.String(),
@@ -929,14 +1068,14 @@
 	// the subdir "android" is required to be filtered by package names
 	srcJar := android.PathForModuleGen(ctx, "android", "R.srcjar")
 	proguardOptionsFile := android.PathForModuleGen(ctx, "proguard.options")
-	rTxt := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "R.txt")
+	a.rTxt = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "R.txt")
 	a.extraAaptPackagesFile = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "extra_packages")
 
 	var linkDeps android.Paths
 
 	linkFlags := []string{
 		"--static-lib",
-		"--no-static-lib-packages",
+		"--merge-only",
 		"--auto-add-overlay",
 	}
 
@@ -949,25 +1088,35 @@
 	_ = staticRRODirsDepSet
 	staticDeps := transitiveAarDeps(staticResourcesNodesDepSet.ToList())
 
-	// AAPT2 overlays are in lowest to highest priority order, reverse the topological order
-	// of transitiveStaticLibs.
-	transitiveStaticLibs := android.ReversePaths(staticDeps.resPackages())
-
 	linkDeps = append(linkDeps, sharedLibs...)
-	linkDeps = append(linkDeps, transitiveStaticLibs...)
+	linkDeps = append(linkDeps, staticDeps.resPackages()...)
 	linkFlags = append(linkFlags, libFlags...)
 
-	overlayRes := append(android.Paths{flata}, transitiveStaticLibs...)
+	overlayRes := android.Paths{flata}
+
+	// Treat static library dependencies of static libraries as imports.
+	transitiveStaticLibs := staticDeps.resPackages()
+	linkDeps = append(linkDeps, transitiveStaticLibs...)
+	for _, staticLib := range transitiveStaticLibs {
+		linkFlags = append(linkFlags, "-I "+staticLib.String())
+	}
 
 	transitiveAssets := android.ReverseSliceInPlace(staticDeps.assets())
-	aapt2Link(ctx, a.exportPackage, srcJar, proguardOptionsFile, rTxt, a.extraAaptPackagesFile,
+	aapt2Link(ctx, a.exportPackage, srcJar, proguardOptionsFile, a.rTxt, a.extraAaptPackagesFile,
 		linkFlags, linkDeps, nil, overlayRes, transitiveAssets, nil)
 
+	a.rJar = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "busybox/R.jar")
+	resourceProcessorBusyBoxGenerateBinaryR(ctx, a.rTxt, a.manifest, a.rJar, nil, true)
+
 	resourcesNodesDepSetBuilder := android.NewDepSetBuilder[*resourcesNode](android.TOPOLOGICAL)
 	resourcesNodesDepSetBuilder.Direct(&resourcesNode{
 		resPackage: a.exportPackage,
 		manifest:   a.manifest,
+		rTxt:       a.rTxt,
+		rJar:       a.rJar,
 		assets:     android.OptionalPathForPath(a.assetsPackage),
+
+		usedResourceProcessor: true,
 	})
 	resourcesNodesDepSetBuilder.Transitive(staticResourcesNodesDepSet)
 	a.resourcesNodesDepSet = resourcesNodesDepSetBuilder.Build()
@@ -982,6 +1131,8 @@
 	_ = staticManifestsDepSet
 	a.manifestsDepSet = manifestDepSetBuilder.Build()
 
+	a.transitiveAaptResourcePackages = staticDeps.resPackages()
+
 	a.collectTransitiveHeaderJars(ctx)
 	ctx.SetProvider(JavaInfoProvider, JavaInfo{
 		HeaderJars:                     android.PathsIfNonNil(a.classpathFile),
diff --git a/java/androidmk.go b/java/androidmk.go
index 784fa29..1131376 100644
--- a/java/androidmk.go
+++ b/java/androidmk.go
@@ -265,6 +265,7 @@
 				entries.SetPath("LOCAL_SOONG_HEADER_JAR", prebuilt.classpathFile)
 				entries.SetPath("LOCAL_SOONG_CLASSES_JAR", prebuilt.classpathFile)
 				entries.SetPath("LOCAL_SOONG_RESOURCE_EXPORT_PACKAGE", prebuilt.exportPackage)
+				entries.SetPaths("LOCAL_SOONG_TRANSITIVE_RES_PACKAGES", prebuilt.transitiveAaptResourcePackages)
 				entries.SetPath("LOCAL_SOONG_EXPORT_PROGUARD_FLAGS", prebuilt.proguardFlags)
 				entries.SetPath("LOCAL_SOONG_STATIC_LIBRARY_EXTRA_PACKAGES", prebuilt.extraAaptPackagesFile)
 				entries.SetPath("LOCAL_FULL_MANIFEST_FILE", prebuilt.manifest)
@@ -508,6 +509,7 @@
 		}
 
 		entries.SetPath("LOCAL_SOONG_RESOURCE_EXPORT_PACKAGE", a.exportPackage)
+		entries.SetPaths("LOCAL_SOONG_TRANSITIVE_RES_PACKAGES", a.transitiveAaptResourcePackages)
 		entries.SetPath("LOCAL_SOONG_STATIC_LIBRARY_EXTRA_PACKAGES", a.extraAaptPackagesFile)
 		entries.SetPath("LOCAL_FULL_MANIFEST_FILE", a.mergedManifestFile)
 		entries.AddStrings("LOCAL_SOONG_EXPORT_PROGUARD_FLAGS", a.exportedProguardFlagFiles.Strings()...)
diff --git a/java/app.go b/java/app.go
index 8e4efd2..224bc88 100755
--- a/java/app.go
+++ b/java/app.go
@@ -521,7 +521,23 @@
 	a.dexpreopter.preventInstall = a.appProperties.PreventInstall
 
 	if ctx.ModuleName() != "framework-res" {
-		a.Module.compile(ctx, a.aaptSrcJar)
+		var extraSrcJars android.Paths
+		var extraClasspathJars android.Paths
+		var extraCombinedJars android.Paths
+		if a.useResourceProcessorBusyBox() {
+			// When building an app with ResourceProcessorBusyBox enabled ResourceProcessorBusyBox has already
+			// created R.class files that provide IDs for resources in busybox/R.jar.  Pass that file in the
+			// classpath when compiling everything else, and add it to the final classes jar.
+			extraClasspathJars = android.Paths{a.aapt.rJar}
+			extraCombinedJars = android.Paths{a.aapt.rJar}
+		} else {
+			// When building an app without ResourceProcessorBusyBox the aapt2 rule creates R.srcjar containing
+			// R.java files for the app's package and the packages from all transitive static android_library
+			// dependencies.  Compile the srcjar alongside the rest of the sources.
+			extraSrcJars = android.Paths{a.aapt.aaptSrcJar}
+		}
+
+		a.Module.compile(ctx, extraSrcJars, extraClasspathJars, extraCombinedJars)
 	}
 
 	return a.dexJarFile.PathOrNil()
diff --git a/java/app_test.go b/java/app_test.go
index c438b6c..4627ff6 100644
--- a/java/app_test.go
+++ b/java/app_test.go
@@ -722,7 +722,10 @@
 
 func TestAndroidResourceProcessor(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
-		name string
+		name                string
+		appUsesRP           bool
+		directLibUsesRP     bool
+		transitiveLibUsesRP bool
 
 		dontVerifyApp bool
 		appResources  []string
@@ -759,7 +762,12 @@
 		transitiveImportImports    []string
 	}{
 		{
-			name: "legacy",
+			// Test with all modules set to use_resource_processor: false (except android_library_import modules,
+			// which always use resource processor).
+			name:                "legacy",
+			appUsesRP:           false,
+			directLibUsesRP:     false,
+			transitiveLibUsesRP: false,
 
 			appResources: nil,
 			appOverlays: []string{
@@ -771,7 +779,6 @@
 				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import/android_common/package-res.apk",
 				"out/soong/.intermediates/app/android_common/aapt2/app/res/values_strings.arsc.flat",
 			},
-
 			appImports: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/framework-res/android_common/package-res.apk"},
 			appSrcJars: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/app/android_common/gen/android/R.srcjar"},
 			appClasspath: []string{
@@ -792,7 +799,6 @@
 				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/package-res.apk",
 				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/aapt2/direct/res/values_strings.arsc.flat",
 			},
-
 			directImports: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/framework-res/android_common/package-res.apk"},
 			directSrcJars: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/gen/android/R.srcjar"},
 			directClasspath: []string{
@@ -814,18 +820,256 @@
 			transitiveCombined:  nil,
 
 			directImportResources: nil,
-			directImportOverlays: []string{
-				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import/android_common/flat-res/gen_res.flata",
+			directImportOverlays:  []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import/android_common/flat-res/gen_res.flata"},
+			directImportImports: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/framework-res/android_common/package-res.apk",
 				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import_dep/android_common/package-res.apk",
 			},
-			directImportImports: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/framework-res/android_common/package-res.apk"},
 
 			transitiveImportResources: nil,
-			transitiveImportOverlays: []string{
-				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/flat-res/gen_res.flata",
+			transitiveImportOverlays:  []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/flat-res/gen_res.flata"},
+			transitiveImportImports: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/framework-res/android_common/package-res.apk",
 				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import_dep/android_common/package-res.apk",
 			},
-			transitiveImportImports: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/framework-res/android_common/package-res.apk"},
+		},
+		{
+			// Test with all modules set to use_resource_processor: true.
+			name:                "resource_processor",
+			appUsesRP:           true,
+			directLibUsesRP:     true,
+			transitiveLibUsesRP: true,
+
+			appResources: nil,
+			appOverlays: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import_dep/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import_dep/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/app/android_common/aapt2/app/res/values_strings.arsc.flat",
+			},
+			appImports: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/framework-res/android_common/package-res.apk"},
+			appSrcJars: nil,
+			appClasspath: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/android_stubs_current/android_common/turbine-combined/android_stubs_current.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/app/android_common/busybox/R.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/turbine-combined/direct.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import/android_common/aar/classes-combined.jar",
+			},
+			appCombined: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/app/android_common/busybox/R.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/app/android_common/javac/app.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/combined/direct.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import/android_common/aar/classes-combined.jar",
+			},
+
+			directResources: nil,
+			directOverlays:  []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/aapt2/direct/res/values_strings.arsc.flat"},
+			directImports: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/framework-res/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import_dep/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/package-res.apk",
+			},
+			directSrcJars: nil,
+			directClasspath: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/android_stubs_current/android_common/turbine-combined/android_stubs_current.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/busybox/R.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import_dep/android_common/busybox/R.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/busybox/R.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/busybox/R.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/turbine-combined/transitive.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/aar/classes-combined.jar",
+			},
+			directCombined: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/javac/direct.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/javac/transitive.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/aar/classes-combined.jar",
+			},
+
+			transitiveResources: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/aapt2/transitive/res/values_strings.arsc.flat"},
+			transitiveOverlays:  nil,
+			transitiveImports:   []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/framework-res/android_common/package-res.apk"},
+			transitiveSrcJars:   nil,
+			transitiveClasspath: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/android_stubs_current/android_common/turbine-combined/android_stubs_current.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/busybox/R.jar",
+			},
+			transitiveCombined: nil,
+
+			directImportResources: nil,
+			directImportOverlays:  []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import/android_common/flat-res/gen_res.flata"},
+			directImportImports: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/framework-res/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import_dep/android_common/package-res.apk",
+			},
+
+			transitiveImportResources: nil,
+			transitiveImportOverlays:  []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/flat-res/gen_res.flata"},
+			transitiveImportImports: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/framework-res/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import_dep/android_common/package-res.apk",
+			},
+		}, {
+			// Test an app building with resource processor enabled but with dependencies built without
+			// resource processor.
+			name:                "app_resource_processor",
+			appUsesRP:           true,
+			directLibUsesRP:     false,
+			transitiveLibUsesRP: false,
+
+			appResources: nil,
+			appOverlays: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import_dep/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import_dep/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/app/android_common/aapt2/app/res/values_strings.arsc.flat",
+			},
+			appImports: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/framework-res/android_common/package-res.apk"},
+			appSrcJars: nil,
+			appClasspath: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/android_stubs_current/android_common/turbine-combined/android_stubs_current.jar",
+				// R.jar has to come before direct.jar
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/app/android_common/busybox/R.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/turbine-combined/direct.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import/android_common/aar/classes-combined.jar",
+			},
+			appCombined: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/app/android_common/busybox/R.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/app/android_common/javac/app.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/combined/direct.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import/android_common/aar/classes-combined.jar",
+			},
+
+			dontVerifyDirect:           true,
+			dontVerifyTransitive:       true,
+			dontVerifyDirectImport:     true,
+			dontVerifyTransitiveImport: true,
+		},
+		{
+			// Test an app building without resource processor enabled but with a dependency built with
+			// resource processor.
+			name:                "app_dependency_lib_resource_processor",
+			appUsesRP:           false,
+			directLibUsesRP:     true,
+			transitiveLibUsesRP: false,
+
+			appOverlays: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import_dep/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import_dep/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/app/android_common/aapt2/app/res/values_strings.arsc.flat",
+			},
+			appImports: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/framework-res/android_common/package-res.apk"},
+			appSrcJars: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/app/android_common/gen/android/R.srcjar"},
+			appClasspath: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/android_stubs_current/android_common/turbine-combined/android_stubs_current.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/turbine-combined/direct.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import/android_common/aar/classes-combined.jar",
+			},
+			appCombined: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/app/android_common/javac/app.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/combined/direct.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import/android_common/aar/classes-combined.jar",
+			},
+
+			directResources: nil,
+			directOverlays:  []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/aapt2/direct/res/values_strings.arsc.flat"},
+			directImports: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/framework-res/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import_dep/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/package-res.apk",
+			},
+			directSrcJars: nil,
+			directClasspath: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/android_stubs_current/android_common/turbine-combined/android_stubs_current.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/busybox/R.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import_dep/android_common/busybox/R.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/busybox/R.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/turbine-combined/transitive.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/aar/classes-combined.jar",
+			},
+			directCombined: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/javac/direct.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/javac/transitive.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/aar/classes-combined.jar",
+			},
+
+			dontVerifyTransitive:       true,
+			dontVerifyDirectImport:     true,
+			dontVerifyTransitiveImport: true,
+		},
+		{
+			// Test a library building without resource processor enabled but with a dependency built with
+			// resource processor.
+			name:                "lib_dependency_lib_resource_processor",
+			appUsesRP:           false,
+			directLibUsesRP:     false,
+			transitiveLibUsesRP: true,
+
+			appOverlays: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import_dep/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import_dep/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/app/android_common/aapt2/app/res/values_strings.arsc.flat",
+			},
+			appImports: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/framework-res/android_common/package-res.apk"},
+			appSrcJars: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/app/android_common/gen/android/R.srcjar"},
+			appClasspath: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/android_stubs_current/android_common/turbine-combined/android_stubs_current.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/turbine-combined/direct.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import/android_common/aar/classes-combined.jar",
+			},
+			appCombined: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/app/android_common/javac/app.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/combined/direct.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import/android_common/aar/classes-combined.jar",
+			},
+
+			directResources: nil,
+			directOverlays: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import_dep/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/aapt2/direct/res/values_strings.arsc.flat",
+			},
+			directImports: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/framework-res/android_common/package-res.apk"},
+			directSrcJars: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/gen/android/R.srcjar"},
+			directClasspath: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/android_stubs_current/android_common/turbine-combined/android_stubs_current.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/turbine-combined/transitive.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/aar/classes-combined.jar",
+			},
+			directCombined: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/javac/direct.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/javac/transitive.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/aar/classes-combined.jar",
+			},
+
+			transitiveResources: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/aapt2/transitive/res/values_strings.arsc.flat"},
+			transitiveOverlays:  nil,
+			transitiveImports:   []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/framework-res/android_common/package-res.apk"},
+			transitiveSrcJars:   nil,
+			transitiveClasspath: []string{
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/android_stubs_current/android_common/turbine-combined/android_stubs_current.jar",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/busybox/R.jar",
+			},
+			transitiveCombined: nil,
+
+			dontVerifyDirectImport:     true,
+			dontVerifyTransitiveImport: true,
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -839,6 +1083,7 @@
 					resource_dirs: ["app/res"],
 					manifest: "app/AndroidManifest.xml",
 					static_libs: ["direct", "direct_import"],
+					use_resource_processor: %v,
 				}
 
 				android_library {
@@ -848,6 +1093,7 @@
 					resource_dirs: ["direct/res"],
 					manifest: "direct/AndroidManifest.xml",
 					static_libs: ["transitive", "transitive_import"],
+					use_resource_processor: %v,
 				}
 
 				android_library {
@@ -856,6 +1102,7 @@
 					srcs: ["transitive/transitive.java"],
 					resource_dirs: ["transitive/res"],
 					manifest: "transitive/AndroidManifest.xml",
+					use_resource_processor: %v,
 				}
 
 				android_library_import {
@@ -883,7 +1130,7 @@
 					sdk_version: "current",
 					aars: ["transitive_import_dep.aar"],
 				}
-			`)
+			`, testCase.appUsesRP, testCase.directLibUsesRP, testCase.transitiveLibUsesRP)
 
 			fs := android.MockFS{
 				"app/res/values/strings.xml":        nil,
diff --git a/java/base.go b/java/base.go
index 8db7162..ce94335 100644
--- a/java/base.go
+++ b/java/base.go
@@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@
 	module.properties.Generated_srcjars = append(module.properties.Generated_srcjars, path)
 }
 
-func (j *Module) compile(ctx android.ModuleContext, aaptSrcJar android.Path) {
+func (j *Module) compile(ctx android.ModuleContext, extraSrcJars, extraClasspathJars, extraCombinedJars android.Paths) {
 	j.exportAidlIncludeDirs = android.PathsForModuleSrc(ctx, j.deviceProperties.Aidl.Export_include_dirs)
 
 	deps := j.collectDeps(ctx)
@@ -1095,9 +1095,7 @@
 
 	srcJars := srcFiles.FilterByExt(".srcjar")
 	srcJars = append(srcJars, deps.srcJars...)
-	if aaptSrcJar != nil {
-		srcJars = append(srcJars, aaptSrcJar)
-	}
+	srcJars = append(srcJars, extraSrcJars...)
 	srcJars = append(srcJars, j.properties.Generated_srcjars...)
 	srcFiles = srcFiles.FilterOutByExt(".srcjar")
 
@@ -1140,6 +1138,11 @@
 	var kotlinJars android.Paths
 	var kotlinHeaderJars android.Paths
 
+	// Prepend extraClasspathJars to classpath so that the resource processor R.jar comes before
+	// any dependencies so that it can override any non-final R classes from dependencies with the
+	// final R classes from the app.
+	flags.classpath = append(android.CopyOf(extraClasspathJars), flags.classpath...)
+
 	if srcFiles.HasExt(".kt") {
 		// When using kotlin sources turbine is used to generate annotation processor sources,
 		// including for annotation processors that generate API, so we can use turbine for
@@ -1233,8 +1236,9 @@
 			// allow for the use of annotation processors that do function correctly
 			// with sharding enabled. See: b/77284273.
 		}
+		extraJars := append(android.CopyOf(extraCombinedJars), kotlinHeaderJars...)
 		headerJarFileWithoutDepsOrJarjar, j.headerJarFile =
-			j.compileJavaHeader(ctx, uniqueJavaFiles, srcJars, deps, flags, jarName, kotlinHeaderJars)
+			j.compileJavaHeader(ctx, uniqueJavaFiles, srcJars, deps, flags, jarName, extraJars)
 		if ctx.Failed() {
 			return
 		}
@@ -1385,6 +1389,8 @@
 		jars = append(jars, servicesJar)
 	}
 
+	jars = append(android.CopyOf(extraCombinedJars), jars...)
+
 	// Combine the classes built from sources, any manifests, and any static libraries into
 	// classes.jar. If there is only one input jar this step will be skipped.
 	var outputFile android.OutputPath
diff --git a/java/config/config.go b/java/config/config.go
index 195dae1..83c27d3 100644
--- a/java/config/config.go
+++ b/java/config/config.go
@@ -148,6 +148,8 @@
 	pctx.SourcePathVariable("JavaKytheExtractorJar", "prebuilts/build-tools/common/framework/javac_extractor.jar")
 	pctx.SourcePathVariable("Ziptime", "prebuilts/build-tools/${hostPrebuiltTag}/bin/ziptime")
 
+	pctx.SourcePathVariable("ResourceProcessorBusyBox", "prebuilts/bazel/common/android_tools/android_tools/all_android_tools_deploy.jar")
+
 	pctx.HostBinToolVariable("GenKotlinBuildFileCmd", "gen-kotlin-build-file")
 
 	pctx.SourcePathVariable("JarArgsCmd", "build/soong/scripts/jar-args.sh")
diff --git a/java/java.go b/java/java.go
index 6388d13..ce14df7 100644
--- a/java/java.go
+++ b/java/java.go
@@ -692,7 +692,7 @@
 		j.dexpreopter.uncompressedDex = *j.dexProperties.Uncompress_dex
 		j.classLoaderContexts = j.usesLibrary.classLoaderContextForUsesLibDeps(ctx)
 	}
-	j.compile(ctx, nil)
+	j.compile(ctx, nil, nil, nil)
 
 	// Collect the module directory for IDE info in java/jdeps.go.
 	j.modulePaths = append(j.modulePaths, ctx.ModuleDir())