diff --git a/tools/releasetools/common.py b/tools/releasetools/common.py
index 4e783ff..699c8b2 100644
--- a/tools/releasetools/common.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/common.py
@@ -717,26 +717,46 @@
       script.AssertOemProperty(prop, values, oem_no_mount)
 
 
-def ReadFromInputFile(input_file, fn):
-  """Reads the contents of fn from input zipfile or directory."""
+def DoesInputFileContain(input_file, fn):
+  """Check whether the input target_files.zip contain an entry `fn`"""
   if isinstance(input_file, zipfile.ZipFile):
-    return input_file.read(fn).decode()
+    return fn in input_file.namelist()
   elif zipfile.is_zipfile(input_file):
     with zipfile.ZipFile(input_file, "r", allowZip64=True) as zfp:
-      return zfp.read(fn).decode()
+      return fn in zfp.namelist()
+  else:
+    if not os.path.isdir(input_file):
+      raise ValueError(
+          "Invalid input_file, accepted inputs are ZipFile object, path to .zip file on disk, or path to extracted directory. Actual: " + input_file)
+    path = os.path.join(input_file, *fn.split("/"))
+    return os.path.exists(path)
+
+
+def ReadBytesFromInputFile(input_file, fn):
+  """Reads the bytes of fn from input zipfile or directory."""
+  if isinstance(input_file, zipfile.ZipFile):
+    return input_file.read(fn)
+  elif zipfile.is_zipfile(input_file):
+    with zipfile.ZipFile(input_file, "r", allowZip64=True) as zfp:
+      return zfp.read(fn)
   else:
     if not os.path.isdir(input_file):
       raise ValueError(
           "Invalid input_file, accepted inputs are ZipFile object, path to .zip file on disk, or path to extracted directory. Actual: " + input_file)
     path = os.path.join(input_file, *fn.split("/"))
     try:
-      with open(path) as f:
+      with open(path, "rb") as f:
         return f.read()
     except IOError as e:
       if e.errno == errno.ENOENT:
         raise KeyError(fn)
 
 
+def ReadFromInputFile(input_file, fn):
+  """Reads the str contents of fn from input zipfile or directory."""
+  return ReadBytesFromInputFile(input_file, fn).decode()
+
+
 def ExtractFromInputFile(input_file, fn):
   """Extracts the contents of fn from input zipfile or directory into a file."""
   if isinstance(input_file, zipfile.ZipFile):
@@ -1540,7 +1560,8 @@
 
   custom_partitions = OPTIONS.info_dict.get(
       "avb_custom_images_partition_list", "").strip().split()
-  custom_avb_partitions = ["vbmeta_" + part for part in OPTIONS.info_dict.get("avb_custom_vbmeta_images_partition_list", "").strip().split()]
+  custom_avb_partitions = ["vbmeta_" + part for part in OPTIONS.info_dict.get(
+      "avb_custom_vbmeta_images_partition_list", "").strip().split()]
 
   for partition, path in partitions.items():
     if partition not in needed_partitions:
@@ -1906,7 +1927,7 @@
   data = _BuildBootableImage(prebuilt_name, os.path.join(unpack_dir, tree_subdir),
                              os.path.join(unpack_dir, fs_config),
                              os.path.join(unpack_dir, 'META/ramdisk_node_list')
-                                if dev_nodes else None,
+                             if dev_nodes else None,
                              info_dict, has_ramdisk, two_step_image)
   if data:
     return File(name, data)
@@ -2966,7 +2987,6 @@
       cmd.append(entry)
     RunAndCheckOutput(cmd)
 
-
   os.replace(new_zipfile, zip_filename)
 
 
@@ -4071,6 +4091,7 @@
     # https://source.android.com/devices/bootloader/images
     return fp.read(4) == b'\x3A\xFF\x26\xED'
 
+
 def ParseUpdateEngineConfig(path: str):
   """Parse the update_engine config stored in file `path`
   Args
@@ -4092,4 +4113,4 @@
     if not minor:
       raise ValueError(
           f"{path} is an invalid update_engine config, missing PAYLOAD_MINOR_VERSION {data}")
-    return (int(major.group(1)), int(minor.group(1)))
\ No newline at end of file
+    return (int(major.group(1)), int(minor.group(1)))
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files.py b/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files.py
index df283d6..2d49288 100755
--- a/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files.py
@@ -267,8 +267,8 @@
 import common
 import ota_utils
 from ota_utils import (UNZIP_PATTERN, FinalizeMetadata, GetPackageMetadata,
-                       PayloadGenerator, SECURITY_PATCH_LEVEL_PROP_NAME)
-from common import IsSparseImage
+                       PayloadGenerator, SECURITY_PATCH_LEVEL_PROP_NAME, CopyTargetFilesDir)
+from common import DoesInputFileContain, IsSparseImage
 import target_files_diff
 from check_target_files_vintf import CheckVintfIfTrebleEnabled
 from non_ab_ota import GenerateNonAbOtaPackage
@@ -830,6 +830,12 @@
 
 def GenerateAbOtaPackage(target_file, output_file, source_file=None):
   """Generates an Android OTA package that has A/B update payload."""
+  # If input target_files are directories, create a copy so that we can modify
+  # them directly
+  if os.path.isdir(target_file):
+    target_file = CopyTargetFilesDir(target_file)
+  if source_file is not None and os.path.isdir(source_file):
+    source_file = CopyTargetFilesDir(source_file)
   # Stage the output zip package for package signing.
   if not OPTIONS.no_signing:
     staging_file = common.MakeTempFile(suffix='.zip')
@@ -840,6 +846,7 @@
                                allowZip64=True)
 
   if source_file is not None:
+    source_file = ota_utils.ExtractTargetFiles(source_file)
     assert "ab_partitions" in OPTIONS.source_info_dict, \
         "META/ab_partitions.txt is required for ab_update."
     assert "ab_partitions" in OPTIONS.target_info_dict, \
@@ -942,9 +949,8 @@
   elif OPTIONS.skip_postinstall:
     target_file = GetTargetFilesZipWithoutPostinstallConfig(target_file)
   # Target_file may have been modified, reparse ab_partitions
-  with zipfile.ZipFile(target_file, allowZip64=True) as zfp:
-    target_info.info_dict['ab_partitions'] = zfp.read(
-        AB_PARTITIONS).decode().strip().split("\n")
+  target_info.info_dict['ab_partitions'] = common.ReadFromInputFile(target_file,
+                                                                    AB_PARTITIONS).strip().split("\n")
 
   CheckVintfIfTrebleEnabled(target_file, target_info)
 
@@ -1042,15 +1048,13 @@
 
   # If dm-verity is supported for the device, copy contents of care_map
   # into A/B OTA package.
-  target_zip = zipfile.ZipFile(target_file, "r", allowZip64=True)
   if target_info.get("avb_enable") == "true":
-    care_map_list = [x for x in ["care_map.pb", "care_map.txt"] if
-                     "META/" + x in target_zip.namelist()]
-
     # Adds care_map if either the protobuf format or the plain text one exists.
-    if care_map_list:
-      care_map_name = care_map_list[0]
-      care_map_data = target_zip.read("META/" + care_map_name)
+    for care_map_name in ["care_map.pb", "care_map.txt"]:
+      if not DoesInputFileContain(target_file, "META/" + care_map_name):
+        continue
+      care_map_data = common.ReadBytesFromInputFile(
+          target_file, "META/" + care_map_name)
       # In order to support streaming, care_map needs to be packed as
       # ZIP_STORED.
       common.ZipWriteStr(output_zip, care_map_name, care_map_data,
@@ -1060,13 +1064,11 @@
 
   # Add the source apex version for incremental ota updates, and write the
   # result apex info to the ota package.
-  ota_apex_info = ota_utils.ConstructOtaApexInfo(target_zip, source_file)
+  ota_apex_info = ota_utils.ConstructOtaApexInfo(target_file, source_file)
   if ota_apex_info is not None:
     common.ZipWriteStr(output_zip, "apex_info.pb", ota_apex_info,
                        compress_type=zipfile.ZIP_STORED)
 
-  common.ZipClose(target_zip)
-
   # We haven't written the metadata entry yet, which will be handled in
   # FinalizeMetadata().
   common.ZipClose(output_zip)
@@ -1257,7 +1259,7 @@
   if OPTIONS.extracted_input is not None:
     OPTIONS.info_dict = common.LoadInfoDict(OPTIONS.extracted_input)
   else:
-    OPTIONS.info_dict = ParseInfoDict(args[0])
+    OPTIONS.info_dict = common.LoadInfoDict(args[0])
 
   if OPTIONS.wipe_user_data:
     if not OPTIONS.vabc_downgrade:
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/ota_utils.py b/tools/releasetools/ota_utils.py
index 985aeda..80a6c7a 100644
--- a/tools/releasetools/ota_utils.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/ota_utils.py
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@
 
 import ota_metadata_pb2
 import common
-from common import (ZipDelete, ZipClose, OPTIONS, MakeTempFile,
+import fnmatch
+from common import (ZipDelete, DoesInputFileContain, ReadBytesFromInputFile, OPTIONS, MakeTempFile,
                     ZipWriteStr, BuildInfo, LoadDictionaryFromFile,
                     SignFile, PARTITIONS_WITH_BUILD_PROP, PartitionBuildProps,
                     GetRamdiskFormat, ParseUpdateEngineConfig)
@@ -44,7 +45,8 @@
 
 METADATA_NAME = 'META-INF/com/android/metadata'
 METADATA_PROTO_NAME = 'META-INF/com/android/metadata.pb'
-UNZIP_PATTERN = ['IMAGES/*', 'META/*', 'OTA/*', 'RADIO/*']
+UNZIP_PATTERN = ['IMAGES/*', 'META/*', 'OTA/*',
+                 'RADIO/*', '*/build.prop', '*/default.prop', '*/build.default', "*/etc/vintf/*"]
 SECURITY_PATCH_LEVEL_PROP_NAME = "ro.build.version.security_patch"
 
 
@@ -626,12 +628,10 @@
   """If applicable, add the source version to the apex info."""
 
   def _ReadApexInfo(input_zip):
-    if "META/apex_info.pb" not in input_zip.namelist():
+    if not DoesInputFileContain(input_zip, "META/apex_info.pb"):
       logger.warning("target_file doesn't contain apex_info.pb %s", input_zip)
       return None
-
-    with input_zip.open("META/apex_info.pb", "r") as zfp:
-      return zfp.read()
+    return ReadBytesFromInputFile(input_zip, "META/apex_info.pb")
 
   target_apex_string = _ReadApexInfo(target_zip)
   # Return early if the target apex info doesn't exist or is empty.
@@ -727,7 +727,7 @@
     logger.info("target files %s is already extracted", path)
     return path
   extracted_dir = common.MakeTempDir("target_files")
-  common.UnzipToDir(path, extracted_dir, UNZIP_PATTERN)
+  common.UnzipToDir(path, extracted_dir, UNZIP_PATTERN + [""])
   return extracted_dir
 
 
@@ -1040,3 +1040,27 @@
     assert metadata_total <= payload_size
 
     return (payload_offset, metadata_total)
+
+
+def Fnmatch(filename, pattersn):
+  return any([fnmatch.fnmatch(filename, pat) for pat in pattersn])
+
+
+def CopyTargetFilesDir(input_dir):
+  output_dir = common.MakeTempDir("target_files")
+  shutil.copytree(os.path.join(input_dir, "IMAGES"), os.path.join(
+      output_dir, "IMAGES"), dirs_exist_ok=True)
+  shutil.copytree(os.path.join(input_dir, "META"), os.path.join(
+      output_dir, "META"), dirs_exist_ok=True)
+  for (dirpath, _, filenames) in os.walk(input_dir):
+    for filename in filenames:
+      path = os.path.join(dirpath, filename)
+      relative_path = path.removeprefix(input_dir).removeprefix("/")
+      if not Fnmatch(relative_path, UNZIP_PATTERN):
+        continue
+      if filename.endswith(".prop") or filename == "prop.default" or "/etc/vintf/" in relative_path:
+        target_path = os.path.join(
+            output_dir, relative_path)
+        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(target_path), exist_ok=True)
+        shutil.copy(path, target_path)
+  return output_dir