diff --git a/core/Makefile b/core/Makefile
index cc73c26..2469b79 100644
--- a/core/Makefile
+++ b/core/Makefile
@@ -3288,8 +3288,8 @@
 
 endif # BUILDING_SYSTEM_IMAGE
 
-.PHONY: sync syncsys
-sync syncsys: $(INTERNAL_SYSTEMIMAGE_FILES)
+.PHONY: sync syncsys sync_system
+sync syncsys sync_system: $(INTERNAL_SYSTEMIMAGE_FILES)
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------
 # Old PDK fusion targets
@@ -3617,7 +3617,8 @@
 vendorimage-nodeps vnod: | $(INTERNAL_USERIMAGES_DEPS)
 	$(build-vendorimage-target)
 
-sync: $(INTERNAL_VENDORIMAGE_FILES)
+.PHONY: sync_vendor
+sync sync_vendor: $(INTERNAL_VENDORIMAGE_FILES)
 
 else ifdef BOARD_PREBUILT_VENDORIMAGE
 INSTALLED_VENDORIMAGE_TARGET := $(PRODUCT_OUT)/vendor.img
@@ -3681,7 +3682,8 @@
 productimage-nodeps pnod: | $(INTERNAL_USERIMAGES_DEPS)
 	$(build-productimage-target)
 
-sync: $(INTERNAL_PRODUCTIMAGE_FILES)
+.PHONY: sync_product
+sync sync_product: $(INTERNAL_PRODUCTIMAGE_FILES)
 
 else ifdef BOARD_PREBUILT_PRODUCTIMAGE
 INSTALLED_PRODUCTIMAGE_TARGET := $(PRODUCT_OUT)/product.img
@@ -3743,7 +3745,8 @@
 systemextimage-nodeps senod: | $(INTERNAL_USERIMAGES_DEPS)
 	$(build-system_extimage-target)
 
-sync: $(INTERNAL_SYSTEM_EXTIMAGE_FILES)
+.PHONY: sync_system_ext
+sync sync_system_ext: $(INTERNAL_SYSTEM_EXTIMAGE_FILES)
 
 else ifdef BOARD_PREBUILT_SYSTEM_EXTIMAGE
 INSTALLED_SYSTEM_EXTIMAGE_TARGET := $(PRODUCT_OUT)/system_ext.img
@@ -3824,7 +3827,8 @@
 odmimage-nodeps onod: | $(INTERNAL_USERIMAGES_DEPS)
 	$(build-odmimage-target)
 
-sync: $(INTERNAL_ODMIMAGE_FILES)
+.PHONY: sync_odm
+sync sync_odm: $(INTERNAL_ODMIMAGE_FILES)
 
 else ifdef BOARD_PREBUILT_ODMIMAGE
 INSTALLED_ODMIMAGE_TARGET := $(PRODUCT_OUT)/odm.img
@@ -3885,7 +3889,8 @@
 vendor_dlkmimage-nodeps vdnod: | $(INTERNAL_USERIMAGES_DEPS)
 	$(build-vendor_dlkmimage-target)
 
-sync: $(INTERNAL_VENDOR_DLKMIMAGE_FILES)
+.PHONY: sync_vendor_dlkm
+sync sync_vendor_dlkm: $(INTERNAL_VENDOR_DLKMIMAGE_FILES)
 
 else ifdef BOARD_PREBUILT_VENDOR_DLKMIMAGE
 INSTALLED_VENDOR_DLKMIMAGE_TARGET := $(PRODUCT_OUT)/vendor_dlkm.img
@@ -3946,7 +3951,8 @@
 odm_dlkmimage-nodeps odnod: | $(INTERNAL_USERIMAGES_DEPS)
 	$(build-odm_dlkmimage-target)
 
-sync: $(INTERNAL_ODM_DLKMIMAGE_FILES)
+.PHONY: sync_odm_dlkm
+sync sync_odm_dlkm: $(INTERNAL_ODM_DLKMIMAGE_FILES)
 
 else ifdef BOARD_PREBUILT_ODM_DLKMIMAGE
 INSTALLED_ODM_DLKMIMAGE_TARGET := $(PRODUCT_OUT)/odm_dlkm.img
@@ -4009,7 +4015,8 @@
 system_dlkmimage-nodeps sdnod: | $(INTERNAL_USERIMAGES_DEPS)
 	$(build-system_dlkmimage-target)
 
-sync: $(INTERNAL_SYSTEM_DLKMIMAGE_FILES)
+.PHONY: sync_system_dlkm
+sync sync_system_dlkm: $(INTERNAL_SYSTEM_DLKMIMAGE_FILES)
 
 else ifdef BOARD_PREBUILT_SYSTEM_DLKMIMAGE
 INSTALLED_SYSTEM_DLKMIMAGE_TARGET := $(PRODUCT_OUT)/system_dlkm.img
diff --git a/core/config.mk b/core/config.mk
index 31826bf..4300800 100644
--- a/core/config.mk
+++ b/core/config.mk
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 # Mark variables deprecated/obsolete
 CHANGES_URL := https://android.googlesource.com/platform/build/+/master/Changes.md
 .KATI_READONLY := CHANGES_URL
+$(KATI_deprecated_var TARGET_USES_64_BIT_BINDER,All devices use 64-bit binder by default now. Uses of TARGET_USES_64_BIT_BINDER should be removed.)
 $(KATI_obsolete_var PATH,Do not use PATH directly. See $(CHANGES_URL)#PATH)
 $(KATI_obsolete_var PYTHONPATH,Do not use PYTHONPATH directly. See $(CHANGES_URL)#PYTHONPATH)
 $(KATI_obsolete_var OUT,Use OUT_DIR instead. See $(CHANGES_URL)#OUT)
diff --git a/core/config_sanitizers.mk b/core/config_sanitizers.mk
index 35c632c..0e84f516 100644
--- a/core/config_sanitizers.mk
+++ b/core/config_sanitizers.mk
@@ -155,6 +155,17 @@
   endif
 endif
 
+# Enable HWASan in included paths.
+ifeq ($(filter hwaddress, $(my_sanitize)),)
+  combined_include_paths := $(HWASAN_INCLUDE_PATHS) \
+                            $(PRODUCT_HWASAN_INCLUDE_PATHS)
+
+  ifneq ($(strip $(foreach dir,$(subst $(comma),$(space),$(combined_include_paths)),\
+         $(filter $(dir)%,$(LOCAL_PATH)))),)
+    my_sanitize := hwaddress $(my_sanitize)
+  endif
+endif
+
 # If CFI is disabled globally, remove it from my_sanitize.
 ifeq ($(strip $(ENABLE_CFI)),false)
   my_sanitize := $(filter-out cfi,$(my_sanitize))
diff --git a/core/dex_preopt_odex_install.mk b/core/dex_preopt_odex_install.mk
index d498875..cb16321 100644
--- a/core/dex_preopt_odex_install.mk
+++ b/core/dex_preopt_odex_install.mk
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@
     --enforce-uses-libraries-relax,)
   my_dexpreopt_config_args := $(patsubst %,--dexpreopt-config %,$(my_dexpreopt_dep_configs))
 
-  my_enforced_uses_libraries := $(intermediates.COMMON)/enforce_uses_libraries.status
+  my_enforced_uses_libraries := $(intermediates)/enforce_uses_libraries.status
   $(my_enforced_uses_libraries): PRIVATE_USES_LIBRARIES := $(my_uses_libs_args)
   $(my_enforced_uses_libraries): PRIVATE_OPTIONAL_USES_LIBRARIES := $(my_optional_uses_libs_args)
   $(my_enforced_uses_libraries): PRIVATE_DEXPREOPT_CONFIGS := $(my_dexpreopt_config_args)
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@
   my_dexpreopt_deps += $(my_dexpreopt_images_deps)
   my_dexpreopt_deps += $(DEXPREOPT_BOOTCLASSPATH_DEX_FILES)
   ifeq ($(LOCAL_ENFORCE_USES_LIBRARIES),true)
-    my_dexpreopt_deps += $(intermediates.COMMON)/enforce_uses_libraries.status
+    my_dexpreopt_deps += $(intermediates)/enforce_uses_libraries.status
   endif
 
   $(my_dexpreopt_zip): PRIVATE_MODULE := $(LOCAL_MODULE)
diff --git a/core/main.mk b/core/main.mk
index 09616d0..6a24bd3 100644
--- a/core/main.mk
+++ b/core/main.mk
@@ -347,6 +347,10 @@
 ADDITIONAL_PRODUCT_PROPERTIES += ro.product.ab_ota_partitions=$(subst $(space),$(comma),$(sort $(AB_OTA_PARTITIONS)))
 endif
 
+# Set this property for VTS to skip large page size tests on unsupported devices.
+ADDITIONAL_PRODUCT_PROPERTIES += \
+    ro.product.cpu.pagesize.max=$(TARGET_MAX_PAGE_SIZE_SUPPORTED)
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------
 ###
 ### In this section we set up the things that are different
diff --git a/core/product.mk b/core/product.mk
index 955d066..818aac2 100644
--- a/core/product.mk
+++ b/core/product.mk
@@ -244,6 +244,9 @@
 # Whether any paths are excluded from sanitization when SANITIZE_TARGET=cfi
 _product_list_vars += PRODUCT_CFI_EXCLUDE_PATHS
 
+# Whether any paths should have HWASan enabled for components
+_product_list_vars += PRODUCT_HWASAN_INCLUDE_PATHS
+
 # Whether the Scudo hardened allocator is disabled platform-wide
 _product_single_value_vars += PRODUCT_DISABLE_SCUDO
 
diff --git a/core/product_config.mk b/core/product_config.mk
index 9db881f..bf48539 100644
--- a/core/product_config.mk
+++ b/core/product_config.mk
@@ -236,14 +236,22 @@
   $(shell mkdir -p $(OUT_DIR)/rbc)
   $(call dump-variables-rbc, $(OUT_DIR)/rbc/make_vars_pre_product_config.mk)
 
-  $(shell build/soong/scripts/update_out \
-    $(OUT_DIR)/rbc/rbc_product_config_results.mk \
-    build/soong/scripts/rbc-run \
-    $(current_product_makefile) \
-    $(OUT_DIR)/rbc/make_vars_pre_product_config.mk)
+  $(shell $(OUT_DIR)/mk2rbc \
+    --mode=write -r --outdir $(OUT_DIR)/rbc \
+    --launcher=$(OUT_DIR)/rbc/launcher.rbc \
+    --input_variables=$(OUT_DIR)/rbc/make_vars_pre_product_config.mk \
+    --makefile_list=$(OUT_DIR)/.module_paths/configuration.list \
+    $(current_product_makefile))
   ifneq ($(.SHELLSTATUS),0)
     $(error product configuration converter failed: $(.SHELLSTATUS))
   endif
+
+  $(shell build/soong/scripts/update_out $(OUT_DIR)/rbc/rbc_product_config_results.mk \
+    $(OUT_DIR)/rbcrun RBC_OUT="make,global" $(OUT_DIR)/rbc/launcher.rbc)
+  ifneq ($(.SHELLSTATUS),0)
+    $(error product configuration runner failed: $(.SHELLSTATUS))
+  endif
+
   include $(OUT_DIR)/rbc/rbc_product_config_results.mk
 endif
 
diff --git a/core/product_config.rbc b/core/product_config.rbc
index 97c1d00..a5e5721 100644
--- a/core/product_config.rbc
+++ b/core/product_config.rbc
@@ -394,6 +394,10 @@
 def _soong_config_set(g, nsname, var, value):
     """Assigns the value to the variable in the namespace."""
     _soong_config_namespace(g, nsname)
+    if type(value) == "string":
+        # Trim right spaces, because in make the variable is set in an $(eval),
+        # which will ignore trailing spaces.
+        value = value.rstrip(" ")
     g[_soong_config_namespaces_key][nsname][var]=value
 
 def _soong_config_append(g, nsname, var, value):
diff --git a/core/soong_config.mk b/core/soong_config.mk
index a52ebd9..034d044 100644
--- a/core/soong_config.mk
+++ b/core/soong_config.mk
@@ -2,13 +2,6 @@
 SOONG_VARIABLES := $(SOONG_OUT_DIR)/soong.variables
 SOONG_ANDROID_MK := $(SOONG_OUT_DIR)/Android-$(TARGET_PRODUCT).mk
 
-BINDER32BIT :=
-ifneq ($(TARGET_USES_64_BIT_BINDER),true)
-ifneq ($(TARGET_IS_64_BIT),true)
-BINDER32BIT := true
-endif
-endif
-
 include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/art_config.mk
 include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/dex_preopt_config.mk
 
@@ -120,6 +113,7 @@
 $(call add_json_list, CFIExcludePaths,                   $(CFI_EXCLUDE_PATHS) $(PRODUCT_CFI_EXCLUDE_PATHS))
 $(call add_json_list, CFIIncludePaths,                   $(CFI_INCLUDE_PATHS) $(PRODUCT_CFI_INCLUDE_PATHS))
 $(call add_json_list, IntegerOverflowExcludePaths,       $(INTEGER_OVERFLOW_EXCLUDE_PATHS) $(PRODUCT_INTEGER_OVERFLOW_EXCLUDE_PATHS))
+$(call add_json_list, HWASanIncludePaths,                $(HWASAN_INCLUDE_PATHS) $(PRODUCT_HWASAN_INCLUDE_PATHS))
 
 $(call add_json_list, MemtagHeapExcludePaths,            $(MEMTAG_HEAP_EXCLUDE_PATHS) $(PRODUCT_MEMTAG_HEAP_EXCLUDE_PATHS))
 $(call add_json_list, MemtagHeapAsyncIncludePaths,       $(MEMTAG_HEAP_ASYNC_INCLUDE_PATHS) $(PRODUCT_MEMTAG_HEAP_ASYNC_INCLUDE_PATHS))
@@ -142,7 +136,6 @@
 $(call add_json_bool, SamplingPGO,                       $(filter true,$(SAMPLING_PGO)))
 
 $(call add_json_bool, ArtUseReadBarrier,                 $(call invert_bool,$(filter false,$(PRODUCT_ART_USE_READ_BARRIER))))
-$(call add_json_bool, Binder32bit,                       $(BINDER32BIT))
 $(call add_json_str,  BtConfigIncludeDir,                $(BOARD_BLUETOOTH_BDROID_BUILDCFG_INCLUDE_DIR))
 $(call add_json_list, DeviceKernelHeaders,               $(TARGET_DEVICE_KERNEL_HEADERS) $(TARGET_BOARD_KERNEL_HEADERS) $(TARGET_PRODUCT_KERNEL_HEADERS))
 $(call add_json_str,  DeviceVndkVersion,                 $(BOARD_VNDK_VERSION))
@@ -322,6 +315,10 @@
 
 $(call add_json_list, AfdoProfiles,                $(ALL_AFDO_PROFILES))
 
+$(call add_json_str,  ProductManufacturer, $(PRODUCT_MANUFACTURER))
+$(call add_json_str,  ProductBrand,        $(PRODUCT_BRAND))
+$(call add_json_list, BuildVersionTags,    $(BUILD_VERSION_TAGS))
+
 $(call json_end)
 
 $(file >$(SOONG_VARIABLES).tmp,$(json_contents))
diff --git a/core/version_defaults.mk b/core/version_defaults.mk
index 9e9e74b..f9175e45 100644
--- a/core/version_defaults.mk
+++ b/core/version_defaults.mk
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
     #  It must be of the form "YYYY-MM-DD" on production devices.
     #  It must match one of the Android Security Patch Level strings of the Public Security Bulletins.
     #  If there is no $PLATFORM_SECURITY_PATCH set, keep it empty.
-    PLATFORM_SECURITY_PATCH := 2023-04-05
+    PLATFORM_SECURITY_PATCH := 2023-05-05
 endif
 
 include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/version_util.mk
diff --git a/target/board/BoardConfigMainlineCommon.mk b/target/board/BoardConfigMainlineCommon.mk
index e5ac5cf..01ebe56 100644
--- a/target/board/BoardConfigMainlineCommon.mk
+++ b/target/board/BoardConfigMainlineCommon.mk
@@ -24,9 +24,6 @@
 # Default is current, but allow devices to override vndk version if needed.
 BOARD_VNDK_VERSION ?= current
 
-# Required flag for non-64 bit devices from P.
-TARGET_USES_64_BIT_BINDER := true
-
 # 64 bit mediadrmserver
 TARGET_ENABLE_MEDIADRM_64 := true
 
diff --git a/target/board/BoardConfigModuleCommon.mk b/target/board/BoardConfigModuleCommon.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 24c01a5..0000000
--- a/target/board/BoardConfigModuleCommon.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-# BoardConfigModuleCommon.mk
-#
-# Common compile-time settings for module builds.
-
-# Required for all module devices.
-TARGET_USES_64_BIT_BINDER := true
diff --git a/target/board/generic/BoardConfig.mk b/target/board/generic/BoardConfig.mk
index 87c16da..6720ddb 100644
--- a/target/board/generic/BoardConfig.mk
+++ b/target/board/generic/BoardConfig.mk
@@ -30,20 +30,3 @@
 TARGET_CPU_ABI2 := armeabi
 
 include build/make/target/board/BoardConfigGsiCommon.mk
-
-ifndef BUILDING_GSI
-include build/make/target/board/BoardConfigEmuCommon.mk
-
-BOARD_USERDATAIMAGE_PARTITION_SIZE := 576716800
-
-# Wifi.
-BOARD_WLAN_DEVICE           := emulator
-BOARD_HOSTAPD_DRIVER        := NL80211
-BOARD_WPA_SUPPLICANT_DRIVER := NL80211
-BOARD_HOSTAPD_PRIVATE_LIB   := lib_driver_cmd_simulated
-BOARD_WPA_SUPPLICANT_PRIVATE_LIB := lib_driver_cmd_simulated
-WPA_SUPPLICANT_VERSION      := VER_0_8_X
-WIFI_DRIVER_FW_PATH_PARAM   := "/dev/null"
-WIFI_DRIVER_FW_PATH_STA     := "/dev/null"
-WIFI_DRIVER_FW_PATH_AP      := "/dev/null"
-endif
diff --git a/target/board/generic/device.mk b/target/board/generic/device.mk
index 76242c9..76edf6b 100644
--- a/target/board/generic/device.mk
+++ b/target/board/generic/device.mk
@@ -14,5 +14,3 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 #
 
-PRODUCT_SOONG_NAMESPACES += device/generic/goldfish # for libwifi-hal-emu
-PRODUCT_SOONG_NAMESPACES += device/generic/goldfish-opengl # for goldfish deps.
diff --git a/target/board/generic_64bitonly_x86_64/BoardConfig.mk b/target/board/generic_64bitonly_x86_64/BoardConfig.mk
index a240eab..a129ea0 100644
--- a/target/board/generic_64bitonly_x86_64/BoardConfig.mk
+++ b/target/board/generic_64bitonly_x86_64/BoardConfig.mk
@@ -28,23 +28,3 @@
 TARGET_PRELINK_MODULE := false
 
 include build/make/target/board/BoardConfigGsiCommon.mk
-
-ifndef BUILDING_GSI
-include build/make/target/board/BoardConfigEmuCommon.mk
-
-BOARD_USERDATAIMAGE_PARTITION_SIZE := 576716800
-
-BOARD_SEPOLICY_DIRS += device/generic/goldfish/sepolicy/x86
-
-# Wifi.
-BOARD_WLAN_DEVICE           := emulator
-BOARD_HOSTAPD_DRIVER        := NL80211
-BOARD_WPA_SUPPLICANT_DRIVER := NL80211
-BOARD_HOSTAPD_PRIVATE_LIB   := lib_driver_cmd_simulated
-BOARD_WPA_SUPPLICANT_PRIVATE_LIB := lib_driver_cmd_simulated
-WPA_SUPPLICANT_VERSION      := VER_0_8_X
-WIFI_DRIVER_FW_PATH_PARAM   := "/dev/null"
-WIFI_DRIVER_FW_PATH_STA     := "/dev/null"
-WIFI_DRIVER_FW_PATH_AP      := "/dev/null"
-
-endif # !BUILDING_GSI
diff --git a/target/board/generic_x86/BoardConfig.mk b/target/board/generic_x86/BoardConfig.mk
index 47fd384..26bede8 100644
--- a/target/board/generic_x86/BoardConfig.mk
+++ b/target/board/generic_x86/BoardConfig.mk
@@ -19,23 +19,3 @@
 TARGET_ARCH_VARIANT := x86
 
 include build/make/target/board/BoardConfigGsiCommon.mk
-
-ifndef BUILDING_GSI
-include build/make/target/board/BoardConfigEmuCommon.mk
-
-# Resize to 4G to accomodate ASAN and CTS
-BOARD_USERDATAIMAGE_PARTITION_SIZE := 4294967296
-
-BOARD_SEPOLICY_DIRS += device/generic/goldfish/sepolicy/x86
-
-# Wifi.
-BOARD_WLAN_DEVICE           := emulator
-BOARD_HOSTAPD_DRIVER        := NL80211
-BOARD_WPA_SUPPLICANT_DRIVER := NL80211
-BOARD_HOSTAPD_PRIVATE_LIB   := lib_driver_cmd_simulated
-BOARD_WPA_SUPPLICANT_PRIVATE_LIB := lib_driver_cmd_simulated
-WPA_SUPPLICANT_VERSION      := VER_0_8_X
-WIFI_DRIVER_FW_PATH_PARAM   := "/dev/null"
-WIFI_DRIVER_FW_PATH_STA     := "/dev/null"
-WIFI_DRIVER_FW_PATH_AP      := "/dev/null"
-endif
diff --git a/target/board/generic_x86/device.mk b/target/board/generic_x86/device.mk
index 5ad008f..60f0cc3 100644
--- a/target/board/generic_x86/device.mk
+++ b/target/board/generic_x86/device.mk
@@ -14,9 +14,6 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 #
 
-PRODUCT_SOONG_NAMESPACES += device/generic/goldfish # for libwifi-hal-emu
-PRODUCT_SOONG_NAMESPACES += device/generic/goldfish-opengl # for goldfish deps.
-
 ifdef NET_ETH0_STARTONBOOT
   PRODUCT_VENDOR_PROPERTIES += net.eth0.startonboot=1
 endif
diff --git a/target/board/generic_x86_64/BoardConfig.mk b/target/board/generic_x86_64/BoardConfig.mk
index e7f2ae0..2385579 100755
--- a/target/board/generic_x86_64/BoardConfig.mk
+++ b/target/board/generic_x86_64/BoardConfig.mk
@@ -26,23 +26,3 @@
 TARGET_DYNAMIC_64_32_MEDIASERVER := true
 
 include build/make/target/board/BoardConfigGsiCommon.mk
-
-ifndef BUILDING_GSI
-include build/make/target/board/BoardConfigEmuCommon.mk
-
-BOARD_USERDATAIMAGE_PARTITION_SIZE := 576716800
-
-BOARD_SEPOLICY_DIRS += device/generic/goldfish/sepolicy/x86
-
-# Wifi.
-BOARD_WLAN_DEVICE           := emulator
-BOARD_HOSTAPD_DRIVER        := NL80211
-BOARD_WPA_SUPPLICANT_DRIVER := NL80211
-BOARD_HOSTAPD_PRIVATE_LIB   := lib_driver_cmd_simulated
-BOARD_WPA_SUPPLICANT_PRIVATE_LIB := lib_driver_cmd_simulated
-WPA_SUPPLICANT_VERSION      := VER_0_8_X
-WIFI_DRIVER_FW_PATH_PARAM   := "/dev/null"
-WIFI_DRIVER_FW_PATH_STA     := "/dev/null"
-WIFI_DRIVER_FW_PATH_AP      := "/dev/null"
-
-endif # !BUILDING_GSI
diff --git a/target/board/generic_x86_64_arm64/BoardConfig.mk b/target/board/generic_x86_64_arm64/BoardConfig.mk
index f528294..818ec44 100755
--- a/target/board/generic_x86_64_arm64/BoardConfig.mk
+++ b/target/board/generic_x86_64_arm64/BoardConfig.mk
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 #
 
-# x86_64 emulator specific definitions
 TARGET_CPU_ABI := x86_64
 TARGET_ARCH := x86_64
 TARGET_ARCH_VARIANT := x86_64
@@ -37,23 +36,9 @@
 TARGET_PRELINK_MODULE := false
 
 include build/make/target/board/BoardConfigMainlineCommon.mk
-include build/make/target/board/BoardConfigEmuCommon.mk
 
 # the settings differ from BoardConfigMainlineCommon.mk
 BOARD_USES_SYSTEM_OTHER_ODEX :=
 
 # Resize to 4G to accommodate ASAN and CTS
 BOARD_USERDATAIMAGE_PARTITION_SIZE := 4294967296
-
-BOARD_SEPOLICY_DIRS += device/generic/goldfish/sepolicy/x86
-
-# Wifi.
-BOARD_WLAN_DEVICE           := emulator
-BOARD_HOSTAPD_DRIVER        := NL80211
-BOARD_WPA_SUPPLICANT_DRIVER := NL80211
-BOARD_HOSTAPD_PRIVATE_LIB   := lib_driver_cmd_simulated
-BOARD_WPA_SUPPLICANT_PRIVATE_LIB := lib_driver_cmd_simulated
-WPA_SUPPLICANT_VERSION      := VER_0_8_X
-WIFI_DRIVER_FW_PATH_PARAM   := "/dev/null"
-WIFI_DRIVER_FW_PATH_STA     := "/dev/null"
-WIFI_DRIVER_FW_PATH_AP      := "/dev/null"
diff --git a/target/board/generic_x86_64_arm64/device.mk b/target/board/generic_x86_64_arm64/device.mk
index 76242c9..76edf6b 100755
--- a/target/board/generic_x86_64_arm64/device.mk
+++ b/target/board/generic_x86_64_arm64/device.mk
@@ -14,5 +14,3 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 #
 
-PRODUCT_SOONG_NAMESPACES += device/generic/goldfish # for libwifi-hal-emu
-PRODUCT_SOONG_NAMESPACES += device/generic/goldfish-opengl # for goldfish deps.
diff --git a/target/board/generic_x86_arm/BoardConfig.mk b/target/board/generic_x86_arm/BoardConfig.mk
index f6589b0..62bb5eb 100644
--- a/target/board/generic_x86_arm/BoardConfig.mk
+++ b/target/board/generic_x86_arm/BoardConfig.mk
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 #
 
-# x86 emulator specific definitions
 TARGET_CPU_ABI := x86
 TARGET_ARCH := x86
 TARGET_ARCH_VARIANT := x86
@@ -30,23 +29,9 @@
 # The settings in latter makefiles overwrite those in the former.
 #
 include build/make/target/board/BoardConfigMainlineCommon.mk
-include build/make/target/board/BoardConfigEmuCommon.mk
 
 # the settings differ from BoardConfigMainlineCommon.mk
 BOARD_USES_SYSTEM_OTHER_ODEX :=
 
 # Resize to 4G to accomodate ASAN and CTS
 BOARD_USERDATAIMAGE_PARTITION_SIZE := 4294967296
-
-BOARD_SEPOLICY_DIRS += device/generic/goldfish/sepolicy/x86
-
-# Wifi.
-BOARD_WLAN_DEVICE           := emulator
-BOARD_HOSTAPD_DRIVER        := NL80211
-BOARD_WPA_SUPPLICANT_DRIVER := NL80211
-BOARD_HOSTAPD_PRIVATE_LIB   := lib_driver_cmd_simulated
-BOARD_WPA_SUPPLICANT_PRIVATE_LIB := lib_driver_cmd_simulated
-WPA_SUPPLICANT_VERSION      := VER_0_8_X
-WIFI_DRIVER_FW_PATH_PARAM   := "/dev/null"
-WIFI_DRIVER_FW_PATH_STA     := "/dev/null"
-WIFI_DRIVER_FW_PATH_AP      := "/dev/null"
diff --git a/target/board/generic_x86_arm/device.mk b/target/board/generic_x86_arm/device.mk
index 76242c9..76edf6b 100644
--- a/target/board/generic_x86_arm/device.mk
+++ b/target/board/generic_x86_arm/device.mk
@@ -14,5 +14,3 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 #
 
-PRODUCT_SOONG_NAMESPACES += device/generic/goldfish # for libwifi-hal-emu
-PRODUCT_SOONG_NAMESPACES += device/generic/goldfish-opengl # for goldfish deps.
diff --git a/target/board/mainline_sdk/BoardConfig.mk b/target/board/mainline_sdk/BoardConfig.mk
index f5c2dc6..84f8b2d 100644
--- a/target/board/mainline_sdk/BoardConfig.mk
+++ b/target/board/mainline_sdk/BoardConfig.mk
@@ -18,6 +18,3 @@
 HOST_CROSS_OS := linux_bionic
 HOST_CROSS_ARCH := x86_64
 HOST_CROSS_2ND_ARCH :=
-
-# Required flag for non-64 bit devices from P.
-TARGET_USES_64_BIT_BINDER := true
diff --git a/target/board/module_arm/BoardConfig.mk b/target/board/module_arm/BoardConfig.mk
index 3f35c06..565efc8 100644
--- a/target/board/module_arm/BoardConfig.mk
+++ b/target/board/module_arm/BoardConfig.mk
@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 #
 
-include build/make/target/board/BoardConfigModuleCommon.mk
-
 TARGET_ARCH := arm
 TARGET_ARCH_VARIANT := armv7-a-neon
 TARGET_CPU_VARIANT := generic
diff --git a/target/board/module_arm64/BoardConfig.mk b/target/board/module_arm64/BoardConfig.mk
index 3700056..66e3792 100644
--- a/target/board/module_arm64/BoardConfig.mk
+++ b/target/board/module_arm64/BoardConfig.mk
@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 #
 
-include build/make/target/board/BoardConfigModuleCommon.mk
-
 TARGET_ARCH := arm64
 TARGET_ARCH_VARIANT := armv8-a
 TARGET_CPU_VARIANT := generic
diff --git a/target/board/module_arm64only/BoardConfig.mk b/target/board/module_arm64only/BoardConfig.mk
index 3cabf05..6c26579 100644
--- a/target/board/module_arm64only/BoardConfig.mk
+++ b/target/board/module_arm64only/BoardConfig.mk
@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 #
 
-include build/make/target/board/BoardConfigModuleCommon.mk
-
 TARGET_ARCH := arm64
 TARGET_ARCH_VARIANT := armv8-a
 TARGET_CPU_VARIANT := generic
diff --git a/target/board/module_x86/BoardConfig.mk b/target/board/module_x86/BoardConfig.mk
index a93ac97..af3fffd 100644
--- a/target/board/module_x86/BoardConfig.mk
+++ b/target/board/module_x86/BoardConfig.mk
@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 #
 
-include build/make/target/board/BoardConfigModuleCommon.mk
-
 TARGET_CPU_ABI := x86
 TARGET_ARCH := x86
 TARGET_ARCH_VARIANT := x86
diff --git a/target/board/module_x86_64/BoardConfig.mk b/target/board/module_x86_64/BoardConfig.mk
index 1ed3be0..1ada027 100644
--- a/target/board/module_x86_64/BoardConfig.mk
+++ b/target/board/module_x86_64/BoardConfig.mk
@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 #
 
-include build/make/target/board/BoardConfigModuleCommon.mk
-
 TARGET_CPU_ABI := x86_64
 TARGET_ARCH := x86_64
 TARGET_ARCH_VARIANT := x86_64
diff --git a/target/board/module_x86_64only/BoardConfig.mk b/target/board/module_x86_64only/BoardConfig.mk
index b0676cb..5b86f0a 100644
--- a/target/board/module_x86_64only/BoardConfig.mk
+++ b/target/board/module_x86_64only/BoardConfig.mk
@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 #
 
-include build/make/target/board/BoardConfigModuleCommon.mk
-
 TARGET_CPU_ABI := x86_64
 TARGET_ARCH := x86_64
 TARGET_ARCH_VARIANT := x86_64
diff --git a/target/board/ndk/BoardConfig.mk b/target/board/ndk/BoardConfig.mk
index da8b5f3..b485f8b 100644
--- a/target/board/ndk/BoardConfig.mk
+++ b/target/board/ndk/BoardConfig.mk
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 #
 
 TARGET_ARCH_SUITE := ndk
-TARGET_USES_64_BIT_BINDER := true
 
 MALLOC_SVELTE := true
 
diff --git a/target/product/angle.mk b/target/product/angle_default.mk
similarity index 63%
copy from target/product/angle.mk
copy to target/product/angle_default.mk
index 0d7f8cb..bea0be6 100644
--- a/target/product/angle.mk
+++ b/target/product/angle_default.mk
@@ -14,13 +14,10 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 #
 
-# To include ANGLE drivers into the build, add
-# $(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/product/angle.mk) to the Makefile.
+# To enable ANGLE as the default system GLES drivers, add
+# $(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/product/angle_enabled.mk) to the Makefile.
 
-PRODUCT_PACKAGES := \
-    libEGL_angle \
-    libGLESv1_CM_angle \
-    libGLESv2_angle
+$(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/product/angle_supported.mk)
 
-# Set ro.gfx.angle.supported based on if ANGLE is installed in vendor partition
-PRODUCT_VENDOR_PROPERTIES := ro.gfx.angle.supported=true
+PRODUCT_VENDOR_PROPERTIES += \
+    persist.graphics.egl=angle
diff --git a/target/product/angle.mk b/target/product/angle_supported.mk
similarity index 71%
rename from target/product/angle.mk
rename to target/product/angle_supported.mk
index 0d7f8cb..c83ff5f 100644
--- a/target/product/angle.mk
+++ b/target/product/angle_supported.mk
@@ -14,13 +14,14 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 #
 
-# To include ANGLE drivers into the build, add
-# $(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/product/angle.mk) to the Makefile.
+# To include ANGLE into the image build, add
+# $(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/product/angle_supported.mk) to the Makefile.
+# By default, this will allow ANGLE binaries to coexist with native GLES drivers.
 
-PRODUCT_PACKAGES := \
+PRODUCT_PACKAGES += \
     libEGL_angle \
     libGLESv1_CM_angle \
     libGLESv2_angle
 
 # Set ro.gfx.angle.supported based on if ANGLE is installed in vendor partition
-PRODUCT_VENDOR_PROPERTIES := ro.gfx.angle.supported=true
+PRODUCT_VENDOR_PROPERTIES += ro.gfx.angle.supported=true
diff --git a/target/product/aosp_64bitonly_x86_64.mk b/target/product/aosp_64bitonly_x86_64.mk
index 75fd3c8..cf812a2 100644
--- a/target/product/aosp_64bitonly_x86_64.mk
+++ b/target/product/aosp_64bitonly_x86_64.mk
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@
 #
 # All components inherited here go to vendor image
 #
-$(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/product/emulator_vendor.mk)
 $(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/board/generic_x86_64/device.mk)
 
 #
diff --git a/target/product/aosp_arm.mk b/target/product/aosp_arm.mk
index 61c1316..d9c362e 100644
--- a/target/product/aosp_arm.mk
+++ b/target/product/aosp_arm.mk
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@
 # All components inherited here go to vendor image
 #
 $(call inherit-product-if-exists, build/make/target/product/ramdisk_stub.mk)
-$(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/product/emulator_vendor.mk)
 $(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/board/generic_x86/device.mk)
 
 #
diff --git a/target/product/aosp_arm64.mk b/target/product/aosp_arm64.mk
index 6c907db..d3514a5 100644
--- a/target/product/aosp_arm64.mk
+++ b/target/product/aosp_arm64.mk
@@ -54,7 +54,6 @@
 #
 # All components inherited here go to vendor or vendor_boot image
 #
-$(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/product/emulator_vendor.mk)
 $(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/board/generic_arm64/device.mk)
 $(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/product/non_ab_device.mk)
 
diff --git a/target/product/aosp_riscv64.mk b/target/product/aosp_riscv64.mk
index 270a989..fa503ff 100644
--- a/target/product/aosp_riscv64.mk
+++ b/target/product/aosp_riscv64.mk
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@
 #
 # All components inherited here go to vendor image
 #
-$(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/product/emulator_vendor.mk)
 $(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/board/generic_riscv64/device.mk)
 
 #
diff --git a/target/product/aosp_x86.mk b/target/product/aosp_x86.mk
index a2f0390..c26a8bf 100644
--- a/target/product/aosp_x86.mk
+++ b/target/product/aosp_x86.mk
@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@
 #
 # All components inherited here go to vendor image
 #
-$(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/product/emulator_vendor.mk)
 $(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/board/generic_x86/device.mk)
 
 
diff --git a/target/product/aosp_x86_64.mk b/target/product/aosp_x86_64.mk
index 535ee3f..3040dd3 100644
--- a/target/product/aosp_x86_64.mk
+++ b/target/product/aosp_x86_64.mk
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@
 #
 # All components inherited here go to vendor image
 #
-$(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/product/emulator_vendor.mk)
 $(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/board/generic_x86_64/device.mk)
 $(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/product/non_ab_device.mk)
 
diff --git a/target/product/aosp_x86_arm.mk b/target/product/aosp_x86_arm.mk
index 39ad0d8..a103b1a 100644
--- a/target/product/aosp_x86_arm.mk
+++ b/target/product/aosp_x86_arm.mk
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@
 #
 # All components inherited here go to vendor image
 #
-$(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/product/emulator_vendor.mk)
 $(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/board/generic_x86_arm/device.mk)
 
 
diff --git a/target/product/full.manifest.xml b/target/product/full.manifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8b0d37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/target/product/full.manifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+<manifest version="1.0" type="device" target-level="7">
+</manifest>
diff --git a/target/product/full.mk b/target/product/full.mk
index 945957f..da04f49 100644
--- a/target/product/full.mk
+++ b/target/product/full.mk
@@ -20,10 +20,11 @@
 # entirely appropriate to inherit from for on-device configurations.
 
 $(call inherit-product-if-exists, build/make/target/product/ramdisk_stub.mk)
-$(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/product/emulator_vendor.mk)
 $(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/product/aosp_base_telephony.mk)
 $(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/board/generic/device.mk)
 
+DEVICE_MANIFEST_FILE += build/make/target/product/full.manifest.xml
+
 # Enable dynamic partition size
 PRODUCT_USE_DYNAMIC_PARTITION_SIZE := true
 
diff --git a/target/product/full_x86.mk b/target/product/full_x86.mk
index 0f3be91..07f6472 100644
--- a/target/product/full_x86.mk
+++ b/target/product/full_x86.mk
@@ -23,10 +23,11 @@
 # that isn't a wifi connection. This will instruct init.rc to enable the
 # network connection so that you can use it with ADB
 
-$(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/product/emulator_vendor.mk)
 $(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/product/aosp_base_telephony.mk)
 $(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/board/generic_x86/device.mk)
 
+DEVICE_MANIFEST_FILE += build/make/target/product/full.manifest.xml
+
 ifdef NET_ETH0_STARTONBOOT
   PRODUCT_VENDOR_PROPERTIES += net.eth0.startonboot=1
 endif
diff --git a/target/product/generic.mk b/target/product/generic.mk
index fb5b727..fd3b3fb 100644
--- a/target/product/generic.mk
+++ b/target/product/generic.mk
@@ -14,9 +14,6 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 #
 
-PRODUCT_SOONG_NAMESPACES += device/generic/goldfish # for libwifi-hal-emu
-PRODUCT_SOONG_NAMESPACES += device/generic/goldfish-opengl # for goldfish deps.
-
 # This is a generic phone product that isn't specialized for a specific device.
 # It includes the base Android platform.
 
diff --git a/tests/product.rbc b/tests/product.rbc
index 9ae6393..b4c6d45 100644
--- a/tests/product.rbc
+++ b/tests/product.rbc
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
   rblf.soong_config_append(g, "NS1", "v2", "def")
   rblf.soong_config_set(g, "NS2", "v3", "abc")
   rblf.soong_config_set(g, "NS2", "v3", "xyz")
+  rblf.soong_config_set(g, "NS2", "v4", "xyz   ")
 
   rblf.mkdist_for_goals(g, "goal", "dir1/file1:out1 dir1/file2:out2")
   rblf.mkdist_for_goals(g, "goal", "dir2/file2:")
diff --git a/tests/run.rbc b/tests/run.rbc
index 33583eb..85d6c09 100644
--- a/tests/run.rbc
+++ b/tests/run.rbc
@@ -144,7 +144,8 @@
             "v2": "def"
         },
         "NS2": {
-            "v3": "xyz"
+            "v3": "xyz",
+            "v4": "xyz"
         }
     },
     {k:v for k, v in sorted(ns.items()) }
diff --git a/tools/aconfig/.gitignore b/tools/aconfig/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b72444
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/aconfig/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/Cargo.lock
+/target
diff --git a/tools/aconfig/Android.bp b/tools/aconfig/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e762f33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/aconfig/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+rust_protobuf_host {
+    name: "libaconfig_protos",
+    protos: ["protos/aconfig.proto"],
+    crate_name: "aconfig_protos",
+    source_stem: "aconfig_protos",
+    use_protobuf3: true,
+}
+
+rust_defaults {
+    name: "aconfig.defaults",
+    edition: "2021",
+    clippy_lints: "android",
+    lints: "android",
+    srcs: ["src/main.rs"],
+    rustlibs: [
+        "libaconfig_protos",
+        "libanyhow",
+        "libclap",
+        "libprotobuf",
+        "libserde",
+        "libserde_json",
+    ],
+}
+
+rust_binary_host {
+    name: "aconfig",
+    defaults: ["aconfig.defaults"],
+}
+
+rust_test_host {
+    name: "aconfig.test",
+    defaults: ["aconfig.defaults"],
+}
diff --git a/tools/aconfig/Cargo.toml b/tools/aconfig/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b439858
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/aconfig/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[package]
+name = "aconfig"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+build = "build.rs"
+
+[features]
+default = ["cargo"]
+cargo = []
+
+[dependencies]
+anyhow = "1.0.69"
+clap = { version = "4.1.8", features = ["derive"] }
+protobuf = "3.2.0"
+serde = { version = "1.0.152", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = "1.0.93"
+
+[build-dependencies]
+protobuf-codegen = "3.2.0"
diff --git a/tools/aconfig/MODULE_LICENSE_APACHE2 b/tools/aconfig/MODULE_LICENSE_APACHE2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/aconfig/MODULE_LICENSE_APACHE2
diff --git a/tools/aconfig/OWNERS b/tools/aconfig/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e05b00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/aconfig/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+amhk@google.com
+jham@google.com
+joeo@google.com
+opg@google.com
+zhidou@google.com
diff --git a/tools/aconfig/PREUPLOAD.cfg b/tools/aconfig/PREUPLOAD.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75ed57c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/aconfig/PREUPLOAD.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+[Builtin Hooks]
+rustfmt = true
+
+[Builtin Hooks Options]
+rustfmt = --config-path=rustfmt.toml
diff --git a/tools/aconfig/build.rs b/tools/aconfig/build.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ef5b60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/aconfig/build.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+use protobuf_codegen::Codegen;
+
+fn main() {
+    let proto_files = vec!["protos/aconfig.proto"];
+
+    // tell cargo to only re-run the build script if any of the proto files has changed
+    for path in &proto_files {
+        println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed={}", path);
+    }
+
+    Codegen::new()
+        .pure()
+        .include("protos")
+        .inputs(proto_files)
+        .cargo_out_dir("aconfig_proto")
+        .run_from_script();
+}
diff --git a/tools/aconfig/protos/aconfig.proto b/tools/aconfig/protos/aconfig.proto
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65817ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/aconfig/protos/aconfig.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License
+
+// This is the schema definition for of Aconfig files. Modifications need to be
+// either backwards compatible, or include updates to all Aconfig files in the
+// Android tree.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package android.aconfig;
+
+message value {
+  required bool value = 1;
+  optional uint32 since = 2;
+}
+
+message flag {
+  required string id = 1;
+  required string description = 2;
+  repeated value value = 3;
+};
+
+message android_config {
+  repeated flag flag = 1;
+};
+
+message override {
+  required string id = 1;
+  required bool value = 2;
+};
+
+message override_config {
+  repeated override override = 1;
+};
diff --git a/tools/aconfig/rustfmt.toml b/tools/aconfig/rustfmt.toml
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..291e99b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/aconfig/rustfmt.toml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../../soong/scripts/rustfmt.toml
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tools/aconfig/src/aconfig.rs b/tools/aconfig/src/aconfig.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22fcb88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/aconfig/src/aconfig.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+use anyhow::{anyhow, Context, Error, Result};
+
+use crate::protos::{
+    ProtoAndroidConfig, ProtoFlag, ProtoOverride, ProtoOverrideConfig, ProtoValue,
+};
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Value {
+    value: bool,
+    since: Option<u32>,
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)] // only used in unit tests
+impl Value {
+    pub fn new(value: bool, since: u32) -> Value {
+        Value { value, since: Some(since) }
+    }
+
+    pub fn default(value: bool) -> Value {
+        Value { value, since: None }
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<ProtoValue> for Value {
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    fn try_from(proto: ProtoValue) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let Some(value) = proto.value else {
+            return Err(anyhow!("missing 'value' field"));
+        };
+        Ok(Value { value, since: proto.since })
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Flag {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub description: String,
+
+    // ordered by Value.since; guaranteed to contain at least one item (the default value, with
+    // since == None)
+    pub values: Vec<Value>,
+}
+
+impl Flag {
+    #[allow(dead_code)] // only used in unit tests
+    pub fn try_from_text_proto(text_proto: &str) -> Result<Flag> {
+        let proto: ProtoFlag = crate::protos::try_from_text_proto(text_proto)
+            .with_context(|| text_proto.to_owned())?;
+        proto.try_into()
+    }
+
+    pub fn try_from_text_proto_list(text_proto: &str) -> Result<Vec<Flag>> {
+        let proto: ProtoAndroidConfig = crate::protos::try_from_text_proto(text_proto)
+            .with_context(|| text_proto.to_owned())?;
+        proto.flag.into_iter().map(|proto_flag| proto_flag.try_into()).collect()
+    }
+
+    pub fn resolve_value(&self, build_id: u32) -> bool {
+        let mut value = self.values[0].value;
+        for candidate in self.values.iter().skip(1) {
+            let since = candidate.since.expect("invariant: non-defaults values have Some(since)");
+            if since <= build_id {
+                value = candidate.value;
+            }
+        }
+        value
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<ProtoFlag> for Flag {
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    fn try_from(proto: ProtoFlag) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let Some(id) = proto.id else {
+            return Err(anyhow!("missing 'id' field"));
+        };
+        let Some(description) = proto.description else {
+            return Err(anyhow!("missing 'description' field"));
+        };
+        if proto.value.is_empty() {
+            return Err(anyhow!("missing 'value' field"));
+        }
+
+        let mut values: Vec<Value> = vec![];
+        for proto_value in proto.value.into_iter() {
+            let v: Value = proto_value.try_into()?;
+            if values.iter().any(|w| v.since == w.since) {
+                let msg = match v.since {
+                    None => format!("flag {}: multiple default values", id),
+                    Some(x) => format!("flag {}: multiple values for since={}", id, x),
+                };
+                return Err(anyhow!(msg));
+            }
+            values.push(v);
+        }
+        values.sort_by_key(|v| v.since);
+
+        Ok(Flag { id, description, values })
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Override {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub value: bool,
+}
+
+impl Override {
+    #[allow(dead_code)] // only used in unit tests
+    pub fn try_from_text_proto(text_proto: &str) -> Result<Override> {
+        let proto: ProtoOverride = crate::protos::try_from_text_proto(text_proto)?;
+        proto.try_into()
+    }
+
+    pub fn try_from_text_proto_list(text_proto: &str) -> Result<Vec<Override>> {
+        let proto: ProtoOverrideConfig = crate::protos::try_from_text_proto(text_proto)?;
+        proto.override_.into_iter().map(|proto_flag| proto_flag.try_into()).collect()
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<ProtoOverride> for Override {
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    fn try_from(proto: ProtoOverride) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let Some(id) = proto.id else {
+            return Err(anyhow!("missing 'id' field"));
+        };
+        let Some(value) = proto.value else {
+            return Err(anyhow!("missing 'value' field"));
+        };
+        Ok(Override { id, value })
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_flag_try_from_text_proto() {
+        let expected = Flag {
+            id: "1234".to_owned(),
+            description: "Description of the flag".to_owned(),
+            values: vec![Value::default(false), Value::new(true, 8)],
+        };
+
+        let s = r#"
+        id: "1234"
+        description: "Description of the flag"
+        value {
+            value: false
+        }
+        value {
+            value: true
+            since: 8
+        }
+        "#;
+        let actual = Flag::try_from_text_proto(s).unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(expected, actual);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_flag_try_from_text_proto_bad_input() {
+        let s = r#"
+        id: "a"
+        description: "Description of the flag"
+        "#;
+        let error = Flag::try_from_text_proto(s).unwrap_err();
+        assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", error), "missing 'value' field");
+
+        let s = r#"
+        description: "Description of the flag"
+        value {
+            value: true
+        }
+        "#;
+        let error = Flag::try_from_text_proto(s).unwrap_err();
+        assert!(format!("{:?}", error).contains("Message not initialized"));
+
+        let s = r#"
+        id: "a"
+        description: "Description of the flag"
+        value {
+            value: true
+        }
+        value {
+            value: true
+        }
+        "#;
+        let error = Flag::try_from_text_proto(s).unwrap_err();
+        assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", error), "flag a: multiple default values");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_flag_try_from_text_proto_list() {
+        let expected = vec![
+            Flag {
+                id: "a".to_owned(),
+                description: "A".to_owned(),
+                values: vec![Value::default(true)],
+            },
+            Flag {
+                id: "b".to_owned(),
+                description: "B".to_owned(),
+                values: vec![Value::default(false)],
+            },
+        ];
+
+        let s = r#"
+        flag {
+            id: "a"
+            description: "A"
+            value {
+                value: true
+            }
+        }
+        flag {
+            id: "b"
+            description: "B"
+            value {
+                value: false
+            }
+        }
+        "#;
+        let actual = Flag::try_from_text_proto_list(s).unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(expected, actual);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_override_try_from_text_proto_list() {
+        let expected = Override { id: "1234".to_owned(), value: true };
+
+        let s = r#"
+        id: "1234"
+        value: true
+        "#;
+        let actual = Override::try_from_text_proto(s).unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(expected, actual);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_resolve_value() {
+        let flag = Flag {
+            id: "a".to_owned(),
+            description: "A".to_owned(),
+            values: vec![
+                Value::default(true),
+                Value::new(false, 10),
+                Value::new(true, 20),
+                Value::new(false, 30),
+            ],
+        };
+        assert!(flag.resolve_value(0));
+        assert!(flag.resolve_value(9));
+        assert!(!flag.resolve_value(10));
+        assert!(!flag.resolve_value(11));
+        assert!(!flag.resolve_value(19));
+        assert!(flag.resolve_value(20));
+        assert!(flag.resolve_value(21));
+        assert!(flag.resolve_value(29));
+        assert!(!flag.resolve_value(30));
+        assert!(!flag.resolve_value(10_000));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tools/aconfig/src/cache.rs b/tools/aconfig/src/cache.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d27459d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/aconfig/src/cache.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::io::{Read, Write};
+
+use crate::aconfig::{Flag, Override};
+use crate::commands::Source;
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct Item {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub description: String,
+    pub value: bool,
+    pub debug: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct Cache {
+    build_id: u32,
+    items: Vec<Item>,
+}
+
+impl Cache {
+    pub fn new(build_id: u32) -> Cache {
+        Cache { build_id, items: vec![] }
+    }
+
+    pub fn read_from_reader(reader: impl Read) -> Result<Cache> {
+        serde_json::from_reader(reader).map_err(|e| e.into())
+    }
+
+    pub fn write_to_writer(&self, writer: impl Write) -> Result<()> {
+        serde_json::to_writer(writer, self).map_err(|e| e.into())
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_flag(&mut self, source: Source, flag: Flag) -> Result<()> {
+        if self.items.iter().any(|item| item.id == flag.id) {
+            return Err(anyhow!(
+                "failed to add flag {} from {}: flag already defined",
+                flag.id,
+                source,
+            ));
+        }
+        let value = flag.resolve_value(self.build_id);
+        self.items.push(Item {
+            id: flag.id.clone(),
+            description: flag.description,
+            value,
+            debug: vec![format!("{}:{}", source, value)],
+        });
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_override(&mut self, source: Source, override_: Override) -> Result<()> {
+        let Some(existing_item) = self.items.iter_mut().find(|item| item.id == override_.id) else {
+            return Err(anyhow!("failed to override flag {}: unknown flag", override_.id));
+        };
+        existing_item.value = override_.value;
+        existing_item.debug.push(format!("{}:{}", source, override_.value));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Item> {
+        self.items.iter()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Item {}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::aconfig::Value;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_add_flag() {
+        let mut cache = Cache::new(1);
+        cache
+            .add_flag(
+                Source::File("first.txt".to_string()),
+                Flag {
+                    id: "foo".to_string(),
+                    description: "desc".to_string(),
+                    values: vec![Value::default(true)],
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+        let error = cache
+            .add_flag(
+                Source::File("second.txt".to_string()),
+                Flag {
+                    id: "foo".to_string(),
+                    description: "desc".to_string(),
+                    values: vec![Value::default(false)],
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap_err();
+        assert_eq!(
+            &format!("{:?}", error),
+            "failed to add flag foo from second.txt: flag already defined"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_add_override() {
+        fn check_value(cache: &Cache, id: &str, expected: bool) -> bool {
+            cache.iter().find(|&item| item.id == id).unwrap().value == expected
+        }
+
+        let mut cache = Cache::new(1);
+        let error = cache
+            .add_override(Source::Memory, Override { id: "foo".to_string(), value: true })
+            .unwrap_err();
+        assert_eq!(&format!("{:?}", error), "failed to override flag foo: unknown flag");
+
+        cache
+            .add_flag(
+                Source::File("first.txt".to_string()),
+                Flag {
+                    id: "foo".to_string(),
+                    description: "desc".to_string(),
+                    values: vec![Value::default(true)],
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(check_value(&cache, "foo", true));
+
+        cache
+            .add_override(Source::Memory, Override { id: "foo".to_string(), value: false })
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(check_value(&cache, "foo", false));
+
+        cache
+            .add_override(Source::Memory, Override { id: "foo".to_string(), value: true })
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(check_value(&cache, "foo", true));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tools/aconfig/src/commands.rs b/tools/aconfig/src/commands.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76b853b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/aconfig/src/commands.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+use anyhow::{Context, Result};
+use clap::ValueEnum;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt;
+use std::io::Read;
+
+use crate::aconfig::{Flag, Override};
+use crate::cache::Cache;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub enum Source {
+    #[allow(dead_code)] // only used in unit tests
+    Memory,
+    File(String),
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Source {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::Memory => write!(f, "<memory>"),
+            Self::File(path) => write!(f, "{}", path),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Input {
+    pub source: Source,
+    pub reader: Box<dyn Read>,
+}
+
+pub fn create_cache(build_id: u32, aconfigs: Vec<Input>, overrides: Vec<Input>) -> Result<Cache> {
+    let mut cache = Cache::new(build_id);
+
+    for mut input in aconfigs {
+        let mut contents = String::new();
+        input.reader.read_to_string(&mut contents)?;
+        let flags = Flag::try_from_text_proto_list(&contents)
+            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to parse {}", input.source))?;
+        for flag in flags {
+            cache.add_flag(input.source.clone(), flag)?;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for mut input in overrides {
+        let mut contents = String::new();
+        input.reader.read_to_string(&mut contents)?;
+        let overrides = Override::try_from_text_proto_list(&contents)
+            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to parse {}", input.source))?;
+        for override_ in overrides {
+            cache.add_override(input.source.clone(), override_)?;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(cache)
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, ValueEnum)]
+pub enum Format {
+    Text,
+    Debug,
+}
+
+pub fn dump_cache(cache: Cache, format: Format) -> Result<()> {
+    match format {
+        Format::Text => {
+            for item in cache.iter() {
+                println!("{}: {}", item.id, item.value);
+            }
+        }
+        Format::Debug => {
+            for item in cache.iter() {
+                println!("{}: {} ({:?})", item.id, item.value, item.debug);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_create_cache() {
+        let s = r#"
+        flag {
+            id: "a"
+            description: "Description of a"
+            value {
+                value: true
+            }
+        }
+        "#;
+        let aconfigs = vec![Input { source: Source::Memory, reader: Box::new(s.as_bytes()) }];
+        let o = r#"
+        override {
+            id: "a"
+            value: false
+        }
+        "#;
+        let overrides = vec![Input { source: Source::Memory, reader: Box::new(o.as_bytes()) }];
+        let cache = create_cache(1, aconfigs, overrides).unwrap();
+        let value = cache.iter().find(|&item| item.id == "a").unwrap().value;
+        assert!(!value);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tools/aconfig/src/main.rs b/tools/aconfig/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ce9747
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/aconfig/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+//! `aconfig` is a build time tool to manage build time configurations, such as feature flags.
+
+use anyhow::Result;
+use clap::{builder::ArgAction, builder::EnumValueParser, Arg, Command};
+use std::fs;
+
+mod aconfig;
+mod cache;
+mod commands;
+mod protos;
+
+use crate::cache::Cache;
+use commands::{Input, Source};
+
+fn cli() -> Command {
+    Command::new("aconfig")
+        .subcommand_required(true)
+        .subcommand(
+            Command::new("create-cache")
+                .arg(
+                    Arg::new("build-id")
+                        .long("build-id")
+                        .value_parser(clap::value_parser!(u32))
+                        .required(true),
+                )
+                .arg(Arg::new("aconfig").long("aconfig").action(ArgAction::Append))
+                .arg(Arg::new("override").long("override").action(ArgAction::Append))
+                .arg(Arg::new("cache").long("cache").required(true)),
+        )
+        .subcommand(
+            Command::new("dump").arg(Arg::new("cache").long("cache").required(true)).arg(
+                Arg::new("format")
+                    .long("format")
+                    .value_parser(EnumValueParser::<commands::Format>::new())
+                    .default_value("text"),
+            ),
+        )
+}
+
+fn main() -> Result<()> {
+    let matches = cli().get_matches();
+    match matches.subcommand() {
+        Some(("create-cache", sub_matches)) => {
+            let mut aconfigs = vec![];
+            let build_id = *sub_matches.get_one::<u32>("build-id").unwrap();
+            for path in
+                sub_matches.get_many::<String>("aconfig").unwrap_or_default().collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            {
+                let file = Box::new(fs::File::open(path)?);
+                aconfigs.push(Input { source: Source::File(path.to_string()), reader: file });
+            }
+            let mut overrides = vec![];
+            for path in
+                sub_matches.get_many::<String>("override").unwrap_or_default().collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            {
+                let file = Box::new(fs::File::open(path)?);
+                overrides.push(Input { source: Source::File(path.to_string()), reader: file });
+            }
+            let cache = commands::create_cache(build_id, aconfigs, overrides)?;
+            let path = sub_matches.get_one::<String>("cache").unwrap();
+            let file = fs::File::create(path)?;
+            cache.write_to_writer(file)?;
+        }
+        Some(("dump", sub_matches)) => {
+            let path = sub_matches.get_one::<String>("cache").unwrap();
+            let file = fs::File::open(path)?;
+            let cache = Cache::read_from_reader(file)?;
+            let format = sub_matches.get_one("format").unwrap();
+            commands::dump_cache(cache, *format)?;
+        }
+        _ => unreachable!(),
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/tools/aconfig/src/protos.rs b/tools/aconfig/src/protos.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c156b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/aconfig/src/protos.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// When building with the Android tool-chain
+//
+//   - an external crate `aconfig_protos` will be generated
+//   - the feature "cargo" will be disabled
+//
+// When building with cargo
+//
+//   - a local sub-module will be generated in OUT_DIR and included in this file
+//   - the feature "cargo" will be enabled
+//
+// This module hides these differences from the rest of aconfig.
+
+// ---- When building with the Android tool-chain ----
+#[cfg(not(feature = "cargo"))]
+pub use aconfig_protos::aconfig::Android_config as ProtoAndroidConfig;
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "cargo"))]
+pub use aconfig_protos::aconfig::Value as ProtoValue;
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "cargo"))]
+pub use aconfig_protos::aconfig::Flag as ProtoFlag;
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "cargo"))]
+pub use aconfig_protos::aconfig::Override_config as ProtoOverrideConfig;
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "cargo"))]
+pub use aconfig_protos::aconfig::Override as ProtoOverride;
+
+// ---- When building with cargo ----
+#[cfg(feature = "cargo")]
+include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/aconfig_proto/mod.rs"));
+
+#[cfg(feature = "cargo")]
+pub use aconfig::Android_config as ProtoAndroidConfig;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "cargo")]
+pub use aconfig::Value as ProtoValue;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "cargo")]
+pub use aconfig::Flag as ProtoFlag;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "cargo")]
+pub use aconfig::Override_config as ProtoOverrideConfig;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "cargo")]
+pub use aconfig::Override as ProtoOverride;
+
+// ---- Common for both the Android tool-chain and cargo ----
+use anyhow::Result;
+
+pub fn try_from_text_proto<T>(s: &str) -> Result<T>
+where
+    T: protobuf::MessageFull,
+{
+    // warning: parse_from_str does not check if required fields are set
+    protobuf::text_format::parse_from_str(s).map_err(|e| e.into())
+}
diff --git a/tools/finalization/environment.sh b/tools/finalization/environment.sh
index 63d1fa0..b0ed645 100755
--- a/tools/finalization/environment.sh
+++ b/tools/finalization/environment.sh
@@ -12,8 +12,10 @@
 
 # Set arbitrary large values for CI.
 # SDK_VERSION needs to be <61 (lint/libs/lint-api/src/main/java/com/android/tools/lint/detector/api/ApiConstraint.kt)
-# Feel free to randomize them once in a while to detect buggy version detection code.
-export FINAL_PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION='57'
+# There are multiple places where we rely on next SDK version to be previous + 1, e.g. RESOURCES_SDK_INT.
+# We might or might not fix this in future, but for now let's keep it +1.
+export FINAL_PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION='35'
+# Feel free to randomize once in a while to detect buggy version detection code.
 export FINAL_MAINLINE_EXTENSION='58'
 
 # Options:
diff --git a/tools/finalization/finalize-aidl-vndk-sdk-resources.sh b/tools/finalization/finalize-aidl-vndk-sdk-resources.sh
index c7c6d3f..d977a65 100755
--- a/tools/finalization/finalize-aidl-vndk-sdk-resources.sh
+++ b/tools/finalization/finalize-aidl-vndk-sdk-resources.sh
@@ -118,10 +118,10 @@
     sed -i -e "s/sepolicy_major_vers := .*/sepolicy_major_vers := ${FINAL_PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION}/g" "$top/build/make/core/config.mk"
     cp "$top/build/make/target/product/gsi/current.txt" "$top/build/make/target/product/gsi/$FINAL_PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION.txt"
 
-    # build/soong
-    local codename_version="\"${FINAL_PLATFORM_CODENAME}\":     ${FINAL_PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION}"
-    if ! grep -q "$codename_version" "$top/build/soong/android/api_levels.go" ; then
-        sed -i -e "/:.*$((${FINAL_PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION}-1)),/a \\\t\t$codename_version," "$top/build/soong/android/api_levels.go"
+    # build/bazel
+    local codename_version="\"${FINAL_PLATFORM_CODENAME}\": ${FINAL_PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION}"
+    if ! grep -q "$codename_version" "$top/build/bazel/rules/common/api_constants.bzl" ; then
+        sed -i -e "/:.*$((${FINAL_PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION}-1)),/a \\    $codename_version," "$top/build/bazel/rules/common/api_constants.bzl"
     fi
 
     # cts
diff --git a/tools/finalization/finalize-sdk-rel.sh b/tools/finalization/finalize-sdk-rel.sh
index 714b8a8..84ad2a7 100755
--- a/tools/finalization/finalize-sdk-rel.sh
+++ b/tools/finalization/finalize-sdk-rel.sh
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
     mkdir -p "$top/prebuilts/abi-dumps/platform/$FINAL_PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION"
     cp -r "$top/prebuilts/abi-dumps/platform/current/64/" "$top/prebuilts/abi-dumps/platform/$FINAL_PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION/"
 
-    if [ "$FINAL_STATE" != "sdk" || "$FINAL_PLATFORM_CODENAME" == "$CURRENT_PLATFORM_CODENAME" ] ; then
+    if [ "$FINAL_STATE" != "sdk" ] || [ "$FINAL_PLATFORM_CODENAME" == "$CURRENT_PLATFORM_CODENAME" ] ; then
         # prebuilts/abi-dumps/vndk
         mv "$top/prebuilts/abi-dumps/vndk/$CURRENT_PLATFORM_CODENAME" "$top/prebuilts/abi-dumps/vndk/$FINAL_PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION"
     fi;
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/common.py b/tools/releasetools/common.py
index 699c8b2..06de622 100644
--- a/tools/releasetools/common.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/common.py
@@ -450,10 +450,7 @@
 
   @property
   def is_vabc(self):
-    vendor_prop = self.info_dict.get("vendor.build.prop")
-    vabc_enabled = vendor_prop and \
-        vendor_prop.GetProp("ro.virtual_ab.compression.enabled") == "true"
-    return vabc_enabled
+    return self.info_dict.get("virtual_ab_compression") == "true"
 
   @property
   def is_android_r(self):
@@ -474,9 +471,9 @@
     for prop in props:
       value = vendor_prop.GetProp(prop)
       try:
-          return int(value)
+        return int(value)
       except:
-          pass
+        pass
     return -1
 
   @property
@@ -757,6 +754,33 @@
   return ReadBytesFromInputFile(input_file, fn).decode()
 
 
+def WriteBytesToInputFile(input_file, fn, data):
+  """Write bytes |data| contents to fn of input zipfile or directory."""
+  if isinstance(input_file, zipfile.ZipFile):
+    with input_file.open(fn, "w") as entry_fp:
+      return entry_fp.write(data)
+  elif zipfile.is_zipfile(input_file):
+    with zipfile.ZipFile(input_file, "r", allowZip64=True) as zfp:
+      with zfp.open(fn, "w") as entry_fp:
+        return entry_fp.write(data)
+  else:
+    if not os.path.isdir(input_file):
+      raise ValueError(
+          "Invalid input_file, accepted inputs are ZipFile object, path to .zip file on disk, or path to extracted directory. Actual: " + input_file)
+    path = os.path.join(input_file, *fn.split("/"))
+    try:
+      with open(path, "wb") as f:
+        return f.write(data)
+    except IOError as e:
+      if e.errno == errno.ENOENT:
+        raise KeyError(fn)
+
+
+def WriteToInputFile(input_file, fn, str: str):
+  """Write str content to fn of input file or directory"""
+  return WriteBytesToInputFile(input_file, fn, str.encode())
+
+
 def ExtractFromInputFile(input_file, fn):
   """Extracts the contents of fn from input zipfile or directory into a file."""
   if isinstance(input_file, zipfile.ZipFile):
@@ -1396,7 +1420,8 @@
 def AppendAVBSigningArgs(cmd, partition):
   """Append signing arguments for avbtool."""
   # e.g., "--key path/to/signing_key --algorithm SHA256_RSA4096"
-  key_path = ResolveAVBSigningPathArgs(OPTIONS.info_dict.get("avb_" + partition + "_key_path"))
+  key_path = ResolveAVBSigningPathArgs(
+      OPTIONS.info_dict.get("avb_" + partition + "_key_path"))
   algorithm = OPTIONS.info_dict.get("avb_" + partition + "_algorithm")
   if key_path and algorithm:
     cmd.extend(["--key", key_path, "--algorithm", algorithm])
@@ -1415,7 +1440,7 @@
     if os.path.exists(new_path):
       return new_path
     raise ExternalError(
-      "Failed to find {}".format(new_path))
+        "Failed to find {}".format(new_path))
 
   if not split_args:
     return split_args
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files.py b/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files.py
index e40256c..1a4a895 100755
--- a/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files.py
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@
 import common
 import ota_utils
 from ota_utils import (UNZIP_PATTERN, FinalizeMetadata, GetPackageMetadata,
-                       PayloadGenerator, SECURITY_PATCH_LEVEL_PROP_NAME, CopyTargetFilesDir)
+                       PayloadGenerator, SECURITY_PATCH_LEVEL_PROP_NAME, ExtractTargetFiles, CopyTargetFilesDir)
 from common import DoesInputFileContain, IsSparseImage
 import target_files_diff
 from check_target_files_vintf import CheckVintfIfTrebleEnabled
@@ -519,15 +519,10 @@
   Returns:
     The filename of target-files.zip that doesn't contain postinstall config.
   """
-  # We should only make a copy if postinstall_config entry exists.
-  with zipfile.ZipFile(input_file, 'r', allowZip64=True) as input_zip:
-    if POSTINSTALL_CONFIG not in input_zip.namelist():
-      return input_file
-
-  target_file = common.MakeTempFile(prefix="targetfiles-", suffix=".zip")
-  shutil.copyfile(input_file, target_file)
-  common.ZipDelete(target_file, POSTINSTALL_CONFIG)
-  return target_file
+  config_path = os.path.join(input_file, POSTINSTALL_CONFIG)
+  if os.path.exists(config_path):
+    os.unlink(config_path)
+  return input_file
 
 
 def ParseInfoDict(target_file_path):
@@ -544,6 +539,17 @@
   Returns:
     The path to modified target-files.zip
   """
+  if os.path.isdir(input_file):
+    dynamic_partition_info_path = os.path.join(
+        input_file, "META", "dynamic_partitions_info.txt")
+    with open(dynamic_partition_info_path, "r") as fp:
+      dynamic_partition_info = fp.read()
+    dynamic_partition_info = ModifyVABCCompressionParam(
+        dynamic_partition_info, vabc_compression_param)
+    with open(dynamic_partition_info_path, "w") as fp:
+      fp.write(dynamic_partition_info)
+    return input_file
+
   target_file = common.MakeTempFile(prefix="targetfiles-", suffix=".zip")
   shutil.copyfile(input_file, target_file)
   common.ZipDelete(target_file, DYNAMIC_PARTITION_INFO)
@@ -571,23 +577,7 @@
     The filename of target-files.zip used for partial ota update.
   """
 
-  def AddImageForPartition(partition_name):
-    """Add the archive name for a given partition to the copy list."""
-    for prefix in ['IMAGES', 'RADIO']:
-      image_path = '{}/{}.img'.format(prefix, partition_name)
-      if image_path in namelist:
-        copy_entries.append(image_path)
-        map_path = '{}/{}.map'.format(prefix, partition_name)
-        if map_path in namelist:
-          copy_entries.append(map_path)
-        return
-
-    raise ValueError("Cannot find {} in input zipfile".format(partition_name))
-
-  with zipfile.ZipFile(input_file, allowZip64=True) as input_zip:
-    original_ab_partitions = input_zip.read(
-        AB_PARTITIONS).decode().splitlines()
-    namelist = input_zip.namelist()
+  original_ab_partitions = common.ReadFromInputFile(input_file, AB_PARTITIONS)
 
   unrecognized_partitions = [partition for partition in ab_partitions if
                              partition not in original_ab_partitions]
@@ -596,50 +586,65 @@
                      unrecognized_partitions)
 
   logger.info("Generating partial updates for %s", ab_partitions)
+  for subdir in ["IMAGES", "RADIO", "PREBUILT_IMAGES"]:
+    image_dir = os.path.join(subdir)
+    if not os.path.exists(image_dir):
+      continue
+    for filename in os.listdir(image_dir):
+      filepath = os.path.join(image_dir, filename)
+      if filename.endswith(".img"):
+        partition_name = filename.removesuffix(".img")
+        if partition_name not in ab_partitions:
+          os.unlink(filepath)
 
-  copy_entries = ['META/update_engine_config.txt']
-  for partition_name in ab_partitions:
-    AddImageForPartition(partition_name)
+  common.WriteToInputFile(input_file, 'META/ab_partitions.txt',
+                          '\n'.join(ab_partitions))
+  CARE_MAP_ENTRY = "META/care_map.pb"
+  if DoesInputFileContain(input_file, CARE_MAP_ENTRY):
+    caremap = care_map_pb2.CareMap()
+    caremap.ParseFromString(
+        common.ReadBytesFromInputFile(input_file, CARE_MAP_ENTRY))
+    filtered = [
+        part for part in caremap.partitions if part.name in ab_partitions]
+    del caremap.partitions[:]
+    caremap.partitions.extend(filtered)
+    common.WriteBytesToInputFile(input_file, CARE_MAP_ENTRY,
+                                 caremap.SerializeToString())
 
-  # Use zip2zip to avoid extracting the zipfile.
-  partial_target_file = common.MakeTempFile(suffix='.zip')
-  cmd = ['zip2zip', '-i', input_file, '-o', partial_target_file]
-  cmd.extend(['{}:{}'.format(name, name) for name in copy_entries])
-  common.RunAndCheckOutput(cmd)
+  for info_file in ['META/misc_info.txt', DYNAMIC_PARTITION_INFO]:
+    if not DoesInputFileContain(input_file, info_file):
+      logger.warning('Cannot find %s in input zipfile', info_file)
+      continue
 
-  partial_target_zip = zipfile.ZipFile(partial_target_file, 'a',
-                                       allowZip64=True)
-  with zipfile.ZipFile(input_file, allowZip64=True) as input_zip:
-    common.ZipWriteStr(partial_target_zip, 'META/ab_partitions.txt',
-                       '\n'.join(ab_partitions))
-    CARE_MAP_ENTRY = "META/care_map.pb"
-    if CARE_MAP_ENTRY in input_zip.namelist():
-      caremap = care_map_pb2.CareMap()
-      caremap.ParseFromString(input_zip.read(CARE_MAP_ENTRY))
-      filtered = [
-          part for part in caremap.partitions if part.name in ab_partitions]
-      del caremap.partitions[:]
-      caremap.partitions.extend(filtered)
-      common.ZipWriteStr(partial_target_zip, CARE_MAP_ENTRY,
-                         caremap.SerializeToString())
+    content = common.ReadFromInputFile(input_file, info_file)
+    modified_info = UpdatesInfoForSpecialUpdates(
+        content, lambda p: p in ab_partitions)
+    if OPTIONS.vabc_compression_param and info_file == DYNAMIC_PARTITION_INFO:
+      modified_info = ModifyVABCCompressionParam(
+          modified_info, OPTIONS.vabc_compression_param)
+    common.WriteToInputFile(input_file, info_file, modified_info)
 
-    for info_file in ['META/misc_info.txt', DYNAMIC_PARTITION_INFO]:
-      if info_file not in input_zip.namelist():
-        logger.warning('Cannot find %s in input zipfile', info_file)
-        continue
-      content = input_zip.read(info_file).decode()
-      modified_info = UpdatesInfoForSpecialUpdates(
-          content, lambda p: p in ab_partitions)
-      if OPTIONS.vabc_compression_param and info_file == DYNAMIC_PARTITION_INFO:
-        modified_info = ModifyVABCCompressionParam(
-            modified_info, OPTIONS.vabc_compression_param)
-      common.ZipWriteStr(partial_target_zip, info_file, modified_info)
+  def IsInPartialList(postinstall_line: str):
+    idx = postinstall_line.find("=")
+    if idx < 0:
+      return False
+    key = postinstall_line[:idx]
+    logger.info("%s %s", key, ab_partitions)
+    for part in ab_partitions:
+      if key.endswith("_" + part):
+        return True
+    return False
 
-    # TODO(xunchang) handle META/postinstall_config.txt'
+  postinstall_config = common.ReadFromInputFile(input_file, POSTINSTALL_CONFIG)
+  postinstall_config = [
+      line for line in postinstall_config.splitlines() if IsInPartialList(line)]
+  if postinstall_config:
+    postinstall_config = "\n".join(postinstall_config)
+    common.WriteToInputFile(input_file, POSTINSTALL_CONFIG, postinstall_config)
+  else:
+    os.unlink(os.path.join(input_file, POSTINSTALL_CONFIG))
 
-  common.ZipClose(partial_target_zip)
-
-  return partial_target_file
+  return input_file
 
 
 def GetTargetFilesZipForRetrofitDynamicPartitions(input_file,
@@ -664,21 +669,12 @@
   replace = {'OTA/super_{}.img'.format(dev): 'IMAGES/{}.img'.format(dev)
              for dev in super_block_devices}
 
-  target_file = common.MakeTempFile(prefix="targetfiles-", suffix=".zip")
-  shutil.copyfile(input_file, target_file)
-
-  with zipfile.ZipFile(input_file, allowZip64=True) as input_zip:
-    namelist = input_zip.namelist()
-
-  input_tmp = common.UnzipTemp(input_file, RETROFIT_DAP_UNZIP_PATTERN)
-
   # Remove partitions from META/ab_partitions.txt that is in
   # dynamic_partition_list but not in super_block_devices so that
   # brillo_update_payload won't generate update for those logical partitions.
-  ab_partitions_file = os.path.join(input_tmp, *AB_PARTITIONS.split('/'))
-  with open(ab_partitions_file) as f:
-    ab_partitions_lines = f.readlines()
-    ab_partitions = [line.strip() for line in ab_partitions_lines]
+  ab_partitions_lines = common.ReadFromInputFile(
+      input_file, AB_PARTITIONS).split("\n")
+  ab_partitions = [line.strip() for line in ab_partitions_lines]
   # Assert that all super_block_devices are in ab_partitions
   super_device_not_updated = [partition for partition in super_block_devices
                               if partition not in ab_partitions]
@@ -686,15 +682,6 @@
       "{} is in super_block_devices but not in {}".format(
           super_device_not_updated, AB_PARTITIONS)
   # ab_partitions -= (dynamic_partition_list - super_block_devices)
-  new_ab_partitions = common.MakeTempFile(
-      prefix="ab_partitions", suffix=".txt")
-  with open(new_ab_partitions, 'w') as f:
-    for partition in ab_partitions:
-      if (partition in dynamic_partition_list and
-              partition not in super_block_devices):
-        logger.info("Dropping %s from ab_partitions.txt", partition)
-        continue
-      f.write(partition + "\n")
   to_delete = [AB_PARTITIONS]
 
   # Always skip postinstall for a retrofit update.
@@ -707,24 +694,28 @@
   # Remove the existing partition images as well as the map files.
   to_delete += list(replace.values())
   to_delete += ['IMAGES/{}.map'.format(dev) for dev in super_block_devices]
-
-  common.ZipDelete(target_file, to_delete)
-
-  target_zip = zipfile.ZipFile(target_file, 'a', allowZip64=True)
+  for item in to_delete:
+    os.unlink(os.path.join(input_file, item))
 
   # Write super_{foo}.img as {foo}.img.
   for src, dst in replace.items():
-    assert src in namelist, \
+    assert DoesInputFileContain(input_file, src), \
         'Missing {} in {}; {} cannot be written'.format(src, input_file, dst)
-    unzipped_file = os.path.join(input_tmp, *src.split('/'))
-    common.ZipWrite(target_zip, unzipped_file, arcname=dst)
+    source_path = os.path.join(input_file, *src.split("/"))
+    target_path = os.path.join(input_file, *dst.split("/"))
+    os.rename(source_path, target_path)
 
   # Write new ab_partitions.txt file
-  common.ZipWrite(target_zip, new_ab_partitions, arcname=AB_PARTITIONS)
+  new_ab_partitions = os.paht.join(input_file, AB_PARTITIONS)
+  with open(new_ab_partitions, 'w') as f:
+    for partition in ab_partitions:
+      if (partition in dynamic_partition_list and
+              partition not in super_block_devices):
+        logger.info("Dropping %s from ab_partitions.txt", partition)
+        continue
+      f.write(partition + "\n")
 
-  common.ZipClose(target_zip)
-
-  return target_file
+  return input_file
 
 
 def GetTargetFilesZipForCustomImagesUpdates(input_file, custom_images):
@@ -833,14 +824,20 @@
   return pattern.search(output) is not None
 
 
+def ExtractOrCopyTargetFiles(target_file):
+  if os.path.isdir(target_file):
+    return CopyTargetFilesDir(target_file)
+  else:
+    return ExtractTargetFiles(target_file)
+
+
 def GenerateAbOtaPackage(target_file, output_file, source_file=None):
   """Generates an Android OTA package that has A/B update payload."""
   # If input target_files are directories, create a copy so that we can modify
   # them directly
-  if os.path.isdir(target_file):
-    target_file = CopyTargetFilesDir(target_file)
-  if source_file is not None and os.path.isdir(source_file):
-    source_file = CopyTargetFilesDir(source_file)
+  target_file = ExtractOrCopyTargetFiles(target_file)
+  if source_file is not None:
+    source_file = ExtractOrCopyTargetFiles(source_file)
   # Stage the output zip package for package signing.
   if not OPTIONS.no_signing:
     staging_file = common.MakeTempFile(suffix='.zip')
@@ -851,7 +848,7 @@
                                allowZip64=True)
 
   if source_file is not None:
-    source_file = ota_utils.ExtractTargetFiles(source_file)
+    source_file = ExtractTargetFiles(source_file)
     assert "ab_partitions" in OPTIONS.source_info_dict, \
         "META/ab_partitions.txt is required for ab_update."
     assert "ab_partitions" in OPTIONS.target_info_dict, \
@@ -948,10 +945,10 @@
   elif OPTIONS.partial:
     target_file = GetTargetFilesZipForPartialUpdates(target_file,
                                                      OPTIONS.partial)
-  elif OPTIONS.vabc_compression_param:
+  if OPTIONS.vabc_compression_param:
     target_file = GetTargetFilesZipForCustomVABCCompression(
         target_file, OPTIONS.vabc_compression_param)
-  elif OPTIONS.skip_postinstall:
+  if OPTIONS.skip_postinstall:
     target_file = GetTargetFilesZipWithoutPostinstallConfig(target_file)
   # Target_file may have been modified, reparse ab_partitions
   target_info.info_dict['ab_partitions'] = common.ReadFromInputFile(target_file,
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/ota_utils.py b/tools/releasetools/ota_utils.py
index 3291d56..9067e78 100644
--- a/tools/releasetools/ota_utils.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/ota_utils.py
@@ -1047,10 +1047,15 @@
 
 def CopyTargetFilesDir(input_dir):
   output_dir = common.MakeTempDir("target_files")
-  shutil.copytree(os.path.join(input_dir, "IMAGES"), os.path.join(
-      output_dir, "IMAGES"), dirs_exist_ok=True)
+  IMAGES_DIR = ["IMAGES", "PREBUILT_IMAGES", "RADIO"]
+  for subdir in IMAGES_DIR:
+    if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(input_dir, subdir)):
+      continue
+    shutil.copytree(os.path.join(input_dir, subdir), os.path.join(
+        output_dir, subdir), dirs_exist_ok=True, copy_function=os.link)
   shutil.copytree(os.path.join(input_dir, "META"), os.path.join(
       output_dir, "META"), dirs_exist_ok=True)
+
   for (dirpath, _, filenames) in os.walk(input_dir):
     for filename in filenames:
       path = os.path.join(dirpath, filename)