diff --git a/core/definitions.mk b/core/definitions.mk
index 2c24896..82447c9 100644
--- a/core/definitions.mk
+++ b/core/definitions.mk
@@ -2301,35 +2301,6 @@
 $(hide) rm -f $(dir $@)d8_input.jar
 endef
 
-# Create a mostly-empty .jar file that we'll add to later.
-# The MacOS jar tool doesn't like creating empty jar files,
-# so we need to give it something.
-# $(1) package to create
-define create-empty-package-at
-@mkdir -p $(dir $(1))
-$(hide) touch $(dir $(1))zipdummy
-$(hide) $(JAR) cf $(1) -C $(dir $(1)) zipdummy
-$(hide) zip -qd $(1) zipdummy
-$(hide) rm $(dir $(1))zipdummy
-endef
-
-# Create a mostly-empty .jar file that we'll add to later.
-# The MacOS jar tool doesn't like creating empty jar files,
-# so we need to give it something.
-define create-empty-package
-$(call create-empty-package-at,$@)
-endef
-
-# Copy an arhchive file and delete any class files and empty folders inside.
-# $(1): the source archive file.
-# $(2): the destination archive file.
-define initialize-package-file
-@mkdir -p $(dir $(2))
-$(hide) cp -f $(1) $(2)
-$(hide) zip -qd $(2) "*.class" "*/" \
-    || true # Ignore the error when nothing to delete.
-endef
-
 #TODO: we kinda want to build different asset packages for
 #      different configurations, then combine them later (or something).
 #      Per-locale, etc.
@@ -2339,8 +2310,9 @@
 #Note that the version numbers are given to aapt as simple default
 #values; applications can override these by explicitly stating
 #them in their manifest.
-define add-assets-to-package
-$(hide) $(AAPT_ASAN_OPTIONS) $(AAPT) package -u $(PRIVATE_AAPT_FLAGS) \
+# $(1) the package file
+define create-assets-package
+$(hide) $(AAPT_ASAN_OPTIONS) $(AAPT) package $(PRIVATE_AAPT_FLAGS) \
     $(addprefix -c , $(PRIVATE_PRODUCT_AAPT_CONFIG)) \
     $(addprefix --preferred-density , $(PRIVATE_PRODUCT_AAPT_PREF_CONFIG)) \
     $(addprefix -M , $(PRIVATE_ANDROID_MANIFEST)) \
@@ -2355,16 +2327,17 @@
     $(addprefix --rename-manifest-package , $(PRIVATE_MANIFEST_PACKAGE_NAME)) \
     $(addprefix --rename-instrumentation-target-package , $(PRIVATE_MANIFEST_INSTRUMENTATION_FOR)) \
     --skip-symbols-without-default-localization \
-    -F $@
+    -F $(1)
 # So that we re-run aapt when the list of input files change
 $(hide) echo $(PRIVATE_RESOURCE_LIST) >/dev/null
 endef
 
 # We need the extra blank line, so that the command will be on a separate line.
-# $(1): the ABI name
-# $(2): the list of shared libraies
+# $(1): the package
+# $(2): the ABI name
+# $(3): the list of shared libraies
 define _add-jni-shared-libs-to-package-per-abi
-$(hide) cp $(2) $(dir $@)lib/$(1)
+$(hide) cp $(3) $(dir $(1))lib/$(2)
 
 endef
 
@@ -2374,36 +2347,43 @@
 JNI_COMPRESS_FLAGS :=
 ZIPALIGN_PAGE_ALIGN_FLAGS :=
 else
-JNI_COMPRESS_FLAGS := -0
+JNI_COMPRESS_FLAGS := -L 0
 ZIPALIGN_PAGE_ALIGN_FLAGS := -p
 endif
 
-define add-jni-shared-libs-to-package
-$(hide) rm -rf $(dir $@)lib
-$(hide) mkdir -p $(addprefix $(dir $@)lib/,$(PRIVATE_JNI_SHARED_LIBRARIES_ABI))
+# $(1): the package file
+define create-jni-shared-libs-package
+rm -rf $(dir $(1))lib
+mkdir -p $(addprefix $(dir $(1))lib/,$(PRIVATE_JNI_SHARED_LIBRARIES_ABI))
 $(foreach abi,$(PRIVATE_JNI_SHARED_LIBRARIES_ABI),\
-  $(call _add-jni-shared-libs-to-package-per-abi,$(abi),\
+  $(call _add-jni-shared-libs-to-package-per-abi,$(1),$(abi),\
     $(patsubst $(abi):%,%,$(filter $(abi):%,$(PRIVATE_JNI_SHARED_LIBRARIES)))))
-$(hide) (cd $(dir $@) && zip -qrX $(JNI_COMPRESS_FLAGS) $(notdir $@) lib)
-$(hide) rm -rf $(dir $@)lib
+$(SOONG_ZIP) $(JNI_COMPRESS_FLAGS) -o $(1) -C $(dir $(1)) -D $(dir $(1))lib
+rm -rf $(dir $(1))lib
 endef
 
-#TODO: update the manifest to point to the dex file
-define add-dex-to-package
-$(call add-dex-to-package-arg,$@)
+# $(1): the jar file.
+# $(2): the classes.dex file.
+define create-dex-jar
+find $(dir $(2)) -maxdepth 1 -name "classes*.dex" | sort > $(1).lst
+$(SOONG_ZIP) -o $(1) -C $(dir $(2)) -l $(1).lst
 endef
 
-# $(1): the package file.
-define add-dex-to-package-arg
-$(hide) find $(dir $(PRIVATE_DEX_FILE)) -maxdepth 1 -name "classes*.dex" | sort | xargs zip -qjX $(1)
-endef
-
-# Add java resources added by the current module.
-# $(1) destination package
-#
+# Add java resources added by the current module to an existing package.
+# $(1) destination package.
 define add-java-resources-to
+  $(call _java-resources,$(1),u)
+endef
+
+# Add java resources added by the current module to a new jar.
+# $(1) destination jar.
+define create-java-resources-jar
+  $(call _java-resources,$(1),c)
+endef
+
+define _java-resources
 $(call dump-words-to-file, $(PRIVATE_EXTRA_JAR_ARGS), $(1).jar-arg-list)
-$(hide) $(JAR) uf $(1) @$(1).jar-arg-list
+$(hide) $(JAR) $(2)f $(1) @$(1).jar-arg-list
 @rm -f $(1).jar-arg-list
 endef
 
@@ -2418,6 +2398,12 @@
   $(JAR) uf $(1) $(call jar-args-sorted-files-in-directory,$(3))
 endef
 
+# $(1): the output resources jar.
+# $(2): the input jar
+define extract-resources-jar
+  $(ZIP2ZIP) -i $(2) -o $(1) -x '**/*.class' -x '**/*/'
+endef
+
 # Sign a package using the specified key/cert.
 #
 define sign-package
@@ -2846,6 +2832,7 @@
 $(hide) rm -f $(PRIVATE_PROGUARD_DICTIONARY)
 $(hide) $(R8_COMPAT_PROGUARD) -injars '$<' \
     --min-api $(PRIVATE_MIN_SDK_VERSION) \
+    --no-data-resources \
     --force-proguard-compatibility --output $(subst classes.dex,,$@) \
     $(PRIVATE_PROGUARD_FLAGS) \
     $(addprefix -injars , $(PRIVATE_EXTRA_INPUT_JAR)) \
@@ -3530,3 +3517,9 @@
   $(call pretty-error,Invalid characters in module stem \($(1)\): $(call _invalid-name-chars,$($(1)))))
 endef
 .KATI_READONLY := verify-module-stem
+
+$(KATI_obsolete_var \
+  create-empty-package \
+  initialize-package-file \
+  add-jni-shared-libs-to-package,\
+  These functions have been removed)
diff --git a/core/dpi_specific_apk.mk b/core/dpi_specific_apk.mk
index f32daf5..88d2fe6 100644
--- a/core/dpi_specific_apk.mk
+++ b/core/dpi_specific_apk.mk
@@ -47,21 +47,24 @@
 $(built_dpi_apk) : $(all_library_res_package_export_deps)
 $(built_dpi_apk) : $(private_key) $(certificate) $(SIGNAPK_JAR)
 $(built_dpi_apk) : $(AAPT)
+$(built_dpi_apk) : $(MERGE_ZIPS) $(SOONG_ZIP) $(ZIP2ZIP)
 $(built_dpi_apk) : $(all_res_assets) $(jni_shared_libraries) $(full_android_manifest)
 	@echo "target Package: $(PRIVATE_MODULE) ($@)"
-	$(if $(PRIVATE_SOURCE_ARCHIVE),\
-	  $(call initialize-package-file,$(PRIVATE_SOURCE_ARCHIVE),$@),\
-	  $(create-empty-package))
-	$(add-assets-to-package)
+	rm -rf $@.parts
+	mkdir -p $@.parts
+	$(call create-assets-package,$@.parts/apk.zip)
 ifneq ($(jni_shared_libraries),)
-	$(add-jni-shared-libs-to-package)
+	$(call create-jni-shared-libs-package,$@.parts/jni.zip)
 endif
 ifeq ($(full_classes_jar),)
 # We don't build jar, need to add the Java resources here.
-	$(if $(PRIVATE_EXTRA_JAR_ARGS),$(call add-java-resources-to,$@))
+	$(if $(PRIVATE_EXTRA_JAR_ARGS),$(call create-java-resources-jar,$@.parts/res.zip))
 else
-	$(add-dex-to-package)
+	$(call create-dex-jar,$@.parts/dex.zip,$(PRIVATE_DEX_FILE))
+	$(call extract-resources-jar,$@.parts/res.zip,$(PRIVATE_SOURCE_ARCHIVE))
 endif
+	$(MERGE_ZIPS) $@ $@.parts/*.zip
+	rm -rf $@.parts
 	$(sign-package)
 
 # Set up global variables to register this apk to the higher-level dependency graph.
diff --git a/core/host_dalvik_java_library.mk b/core/host_dalvik_java_library.mk
index 779cef9..6a32ff9 100644
--- a/core/host_dalvik_java_library.mk
+++ b/core/host_dalvik_java_library.mk
@@ -171,10 +171,15 @@
 
 $(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE): PRIVATE_DEX_FILE := $(built_dex)
 $(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE): PRIVATE_SOURCE_ARCHIVE := $(full_classes_jarjar_jar)
+$(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE): $(MERGE_ZIPS) $(SOONG_ZIP) $(ZIP2ZIP)
 $(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE): $(built_dex) $(java_resource_sources)
 	@echo "Host Jar: $(PRIVATE_MODULE) ($@)"
-	$(call initialize-package-file,$(PRIVATE_SOURCE_ARCHIVE),$@)
-	$(add-dex-to-package)
+	rm -rf $@.parts
+	mkdir -p $@.parts
+	$(call create-dex-jar,$@.parts/dex.zip,$(PRIVATE_DEX_FILE))
+	$(call extract-resources-jar,$@.parts/res.zip,$(PRIVATE_SOURCE_ARCHIVE))
+	$(MERGE_ZIPS) -j $@ $@.parts/dex.zip $@.parts/res.zip
+	rm -rf $@.parts
 
 endif # !LOCAL_IS_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARY
 
diff --git a/core/java_library.mk b/core/java_library.mk
index 0a70a38..5716f4c 100644
--- a/core/java_library.mk
+++ b/core/java_library.mk
@@ -65,10 +65,14 @@
 
 $(common_javalib.jar): PRIVATE_DEX_FILE := $(built_dex)
 $(common_javalib.jar): PRIVATE_SOURCE_ARCHIVE := $(full_classes_pre_proguard_jar)
+$(common_javalib.jar): $(MERGE_ZIPS) $(SOONG_ZIP) $(ZIP2ZIP)
 $(common_javalib.jar) : $(built_dex) $(java_resource_sources) | $(ZIPTIME) $(ZIPALIGN)
 	@echo "target Jar: $(PRIVATE_MODULE) ($@)"
-	$(call initialize-package-file,$(PRIVATE_SOURCE_ARCHIVE),$@.tmp)
-	$(call add-dex-to-package-arg,$@.tmp)
+	rm -rf $@.parts && mkdir -p $@.parts
+	$(call create-dex-jar,$@.parts/dex.zip,$(PRIVATE_DEX_FILE))
+	$(call extract-resources-jar,$@.parts/res.zip,$(PRIVATE_SOURCE_ARCHIVE))
+	$(MERGE_ZIPS) -j $@.tmp $@.parts/dex.zip $@.parts/res.zip
+	rm -rf $@.parts
 	$(hide) $(ZIPTIME) $@.tmp
 	$(call commit-change-for-toc,$@)
 ifeq (true, $(LOCAL_UNCOMPRESS_DEX))
diff --git a/core/package_internal.mk b/core/package_internal.mk
index 51f5f0a..42539f6 100644
--- a/core/package_internal.mk
+++ b/core/package_internal.mk
@@ -413,15 +413,14 @@
     resource_export_package := $(intermediates.COMMON)/package-export.apk
     $(R_file_stamp): $(resource_export_package)
 
-    # add-assets-to-package looks at PRODUCT_AAPT_CONFIG, but this target
+    # create-assets-package looks at PRODUCT_AAPT_CONFIG, but this target
     # can't know anything about PRODUCT.  Clear it out just for this target.
     $(resource_export_package): PRIVATE_PRODUCT_AAPT_CONFIG :=
     $(resource_export_package): PRIVATE_PRODUCT_AAPT_PREF_CONFIG :=
     $(resource_export_package): PRIVATE_RESOURCE_LIST := $(all_res_assets)
     $(resource_export_package): $(all_res_assets) $(full_android_manifest) $(rs_generated_res_zip) $(AAPT)
 	@echo "target Export Resources: $(PRIVATE_MODULE) ($@)"
-	$(create-empty-package)
-	$(add-assets-to-package)
+	$(call create-assets-package,$@)
   endif
 
 endif  # LOCAL_USE_AAPT2
@@ -609,9 +608,8 @@
 endif
 
 $(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE): PRIVATE_RESOURCE_INTERMEDIATES_DIR := $(intermediates.COMMON)/resources
-$(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE): PRIVATE_FULL_CLASSES_JAR := $(full_classes_jar)
 $(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE) : $(jni_shared_libraries)
-$(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE) : $(JAR_ARGS)
+$(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE) : $(JAR_ARGS) $(SOONG_ZIP) $(MERGE_ZIPS) $(ZIP2ZIP)
 ifeq ($(LOCAL_USE_AAPT2),true)
 $(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE): PRIVATE_RES_PACKAGE := $(my_res_package)
 $(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE) : $(my_res_package) $(AAPT2) | $(ACP)
@@ -623,26 +621,25 @@
 $(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE) : $(MINIGZIP)
 endif
 	@echo "target Package: $(PRIVATE_MODULE) ($@)"
+	rm -rf $@.parts
+	mkdir -p $@.parts
 ifeq ($(LOCAL_USE_AAPT2),true)
-	$(call copy-file-to-new-target)
+	cp -f $< $@.parts/apk.zip
 else  # ! LOCAL_USE_AAPT2
-	$(if $(PRIVATE_SOURCE_ARCHIVE),\
-	  $(call initialize-package-file,$(PRIVATE_SOURCE_ARCHIVE),$@),\
-	  $(create-empty-package))
-	$(add-assets-to-package)
+	$(call create-assets-package,$@.parts/apk.zip)
 endif  # LOCAL_USE_AAPT2
 ifneq ($(jni_shared_libraries),)
-	$(add-jni-shared-libs-to-package)
+	$(call create-jni-shared-libs-package,$@.parts/jni.zip)
 endif
 ifeq ($(full_classes_jar),)
 # We don't build jar, need to add the Java resources here.
-	$(if $(PRIVATE_EXTRA_JAR_ARGS),$(call add-java-resources-to,$@))
+	$(if $(PRIVATE_EXTRA_JAR_ARGS),$(call create-java-resources-jar,$@.parts/res.zip))
 else  # full_classes_jar
-	$(add-dex-to-package)
-ifeq ($(LOCAL_USE_AAPT2),true)
-	$(call add-jar-resources-to-package,$@,$(PRIVATE_FULL_CLASSES_JAR),$(PRIVATE_RESOURCE_INTERMEDIATES_DIR))
-endif
+	$(call create-dex-jar,$@.parts/dex.zip,$(PRIVATE_DEX_FILE))
+	$(call extract-resources-jar,$@.parts/res.zip,$(PRIVATE_SOURCE_ARCHIVE))
 endif  # full_classes_jar
+	$(MERGE_ZIPS) $@ $@.parts/*.zip
+	rm -rf $@.parts
 ifeq (true, $(LOCAL_UNCOMPRESS_DEX))
 	@# No need to align, sign-package below will do it.
 	$(uncompress-dexs)
@@ -687,7 +684,7 @@
 # Use pattern rule - we may have multiple built odex files.
 $(built_odex) : $(dir $(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE))% : $(built_dex)
 	$(hide) mkdir -p $(dir $@) && rm -f $@
-	$(add-dex-to-package)
+	$(call create-dex-jar,$@,$(PRIVATE_DEX_FILE))
 ifeq (true, $(LOCAL_UNCOMPRESS_DEX))
 	$(uncompress-dexs)
 	$(align-package)