diff --git a/Changes.md b/Changes.md
index 8979e30..daebd52 100644
--- a/Changes.md
+++ b/Changes.md
@@ -1,5 +1,21 @@
 # Build System Changes for Android.mk Writers
 
+## Python 2 to 3 migration
+
+The path set when running builds now makes the `python` executable point to python 3,
+whereas on previous versions it pointed to python 2. If you still have python 2 scripts,
+you can change the shebang line to use `python2` explicitly. This only applies for
+scripts run directly from makefiles, or from soong genrules. This behavior can be
+temporarily overridden by setting the `BUILD_BROKEN_PYTHON_IS_PYTHON2` environment
+variable to `true`. It's only an environment variable and not a product config variable
+because product config sometimes calls python code.
+
+In addition, `python_*` soong modules no longer allow python 2. This can be temporarily
+overridden by setting the `BUILD_BROKEN_USES_SOONG_PYTHON2_MODULES` product configuration
+variable to `true`.
+
+Python 2 is slated for complete removal in V.
+
 ## Stop referencing sysprop_library directly from cc modules
 
 For the migration to Bazel, we are no longer mapping sysprop_library targets
@@ -818,7 +834,7 @@
 
 ### Stop using clang property
 
-Clang has been deleted from Soong. To fix any build errors, remove the clang
+The clang property has been deleted from Soong. To fix any build errors, remove the clang
 property from affected Android.bp files using bpmodify.
 
 
diff --git a/core/Makefile b/core/Makefile
index 48b383b..b501c07 100644
--- a/core/Makefile
+++ b/core/Makefile
@@ -474,7 +474,10 @@
     $(eval BOARD_$(1)_KERNEL_MODULES_LOAD$(_sep)$(_kver) := $(BOARD_$(1)_KERNEL_MODULES$(_sep)$(_kver)))) \
   $(if $(filter false,$(BOARD_$(1)_KERNEL_MODULES_LOAD$(_sep)$(_kver))),\
     $(eval BOARD_$(1)_KERNEL_MODULES_LOAD$(_sep)$(_kver) :=),) \
-  $(call copy-many-files,$(call build-image-kernel-modules,$(BOARD_$(1)_KERNEL_MODULES$(_sep)$(_kver)),$(2),$(3),$(call intermediates-dir-for,PACKAGING,depmod_$(1)$(_sep)$(_kver)),$(BOARD_$(1)_KERNEL_MODULES_LOAD$(_sep)$(_kver)),$(4),$(BOARD_$(1)_KERNEL_MODULES_ARCHIVE$(_sep)$(_kver)),$(_stripped_staging_dir),$(_kver),$(7),$(8)))) \
+  $(eval _files := $(call build-image-kernel-modules,$(BOARD_$(1)_KERNEL_MODULES$(_sep)$(_kver)),$(2),$(3),$(call intermediates-dir-for,PACKAGING,depmod_$(1)$(_sep)$(_kver)),$(BOARD_$(1)_KERNEL_MODULES_LOAD$(_sep)$(_kver)),$(4),$(BOARD_$(1)_KERNEL_MODULES_ARCHIVE$(_sep)$(_kver)),$(_stripped_staging_dir),$(_kver),$(7),$(8))) \
+  $(call copy-many-files,$(_files)) \
+  $(eval _modules := $(BOARD_$(1)_KERNEL_MODULES$(_sep)$(_kver)) ANDROID-GEN ANDROID-GEN ANDROID-GEN ANDROID-GEN) \
+  $(eval KERNEL_MODULE_COPY_FILES += $(join $(addsuffix :,$(_modules)),$(_files)))) \
 $(if $(_kver), \
   $(eval _dir := $(_kver)/), \
   $(eval _dir :=)) \
@@ -487,6 +490,7 @@
   $(eval $(call build-image-kernel-modules-blocklist-file, \
     $(BOARD_$(1)_KERNEL_MODULES_BLOCKLIST_FILE$(_sep)$(_kver)), \
     $(2)/lib/modules/$(_dir)modules.blocklist)) \
+  $(eval ALL_KERNEL_MODULES_BLOCKLIST += $(2)/lib/modules/$(_dir)modules.blocklist) \
   $(2)/lib/modules/$(_dir)modules.blocklist)
 endef
 
@@ -1635,6 +1639,21 @@
 target_system_dlkm_notice_file_xml_gz := $(TARGET_OUT_INTERMEDIATES)/NOTICE_SYSTEM_DLKM.xml.gz
 installed_system_dlkm_notice_xml_gz := $(TARGET_OUT_SYSTEM_DLKM)/etc/NOTICE.xml.gz
 
+ALL_INSTALLED_NOTICE_FILES := \
+  $(installed_notice_html_or_xml_gz) \
+  $(installed_vendor_notice_xml_gz) \
+  $(installed_product_notice_xml_gz) \
+  $(installed_system_ext_notice_xml_gz) \
+  $(installed_odm_notice_xml_gz) \
+  $(installed_vendor_dlkm_notice_xml_gz) \
+  $(installed_odm_dlkm_notice_xml_gz) \
+  $(installed_system_dlkm_notice_xml_gz) \
+
+# $1 installed file path, e.g. out/target/product/vsoc_x86_64/system_ext/etc/NOTICE.xml.gz
+define is-notice-file
+$(if $(findstring $1,$(ALL_INSTALLED_NOTICE_FILES)),Y)
+endef
+
 # Notice files are copied to TARGET_OUT_NOTICE_FILES as a side-effect of their module
 # being built. A notice xml file must depend on all modules that could potentially
 # install a license file relevant to it.
@@ -3061,15 +3080,19 @@
 	    --cert $$(PRIVATE_KEY).x509.pem \
 	    --key $$(PRIVATE_KEY).pk8
 
-ALL_DEFAULT_INSTALLED_MODULES += $(1)
+$(1).idsig: $(1)
+
+ALL_DEFAULT_INSTALLED_MODULES += $(1) $(1).idsig
 
 endef  # fsverity-generate-and-install-manifest-apk
 
 $(eval $(call fsverity-generate-and-install-manifest-apk, \
   $(TARGET_OUT)/etc/security/fsverity/BuildManifest.apk,system))
+ALL_FSVERITY_BUILD_MANIFEST_APK += $(TARGET_OUT)/etc/security/fsverity/BuildManifest.apk $(TARGET_OUT)/etc/security/fsverity/BuildManifest.apk.idsig
 ifdef BUILDING_SYSTEM_EXT_IMAGE
   $(eval $(call fsverity-generate-and-install-manifest-apk, \
     $(TARGET_OUT_SYSTEM_EXT)/etc/security/fsverity/BuildManifestSystemExt.apk,system_ext))
+  ALL_FSVERITY_BUILD_MANIFEST_APK += $(TARGET_OUT_SYSTEM_EXT)/etc/security/fsverity/BuildManifestSystemExt.apk $(TARGET_OUT_SYSTEM_EXT)/etc/security/fsverity/BuildManifestSystemExt.apk.idsig
 endif
 
 endif  # PRODUCT_FSVERITY_GENERATE_METADATA
@@ -3131,16 +3154,20 @@
 SYSTEM_LINKER_CONFIG := $(TARGET_OUT)/etc/linker.config.pb
 SYSTEM_LINKER_CONFIG_SOURCE := $(call intermediates-dir-for,ETC,system_linker_config)/system_linker_config
 $(SYSTEM_LINKER_CONFIG): PRIVATE_SYSTEM_LINKER_CONFIG_SOURCE := $(SYSTEM_LINKER_CONFIG_SOURCE)
-$(SYSTEM_LINKER_CONFIG) : $(INTERNAL_SYSTEMIMAGE_FILES) $(SYSTEM_LINKER_CONFIG_SOURCE) | conv_linker_config
+$(SYSTEM_LINKER_CONFIG): $(INTERNAL_SYSTEMIMAGE_FILES) $(SYSTEM_LINKER_CONFIG_SOURCE) | conv_linker_config
+	@echo Creating linker config: $@
+	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
+	@rm -f $@
 	$(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/conv_linker_config systemprovide --source $(PRIVATE_SYSTEM_LINKER_CONFIG_SOURCE) \
-	  --output $@ --value "$(STUB_LIBRARIES)" --system "$(TARGET_OUT)"
+		--output $@ --value "$(STUB_LIBRARIES)" --system "$(TARGET_OUT)"
 	$(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/conv_linker_config append --source $@ --output $@ --key requireLibs \
-	 --value "$(foreach lib,$(LLNDK_MOVED_TO_APEX_LIBRARIES), $(lib).so)"
+		--value "$(foreach lib,$(LLNDK_MOVED_TO_APEX_LIBRARIES), $(lib).so)"
 
 $(call declare-1p-target,$(SYSTEM_LINKER_CONFIG),)
 $(call declare-license-deps,$(SYSTEM_LINKER_CONFIG),$(INTERNAL_SYSTEMIMAGE_FILES) $(SYSTEM_LINKER_CONFIG_SOURCE))
 
 FULL_SYSTEMIMAGE_DEPS += $(SYSTEM_LINKER_CONFIG)
+ALL_DEFAULT_INSTALLED_MODULES += $(SYSTEM_LINKER_CONFIG)
 
 # installed file list
 # Depending on anything that $(BUILT_SYSTEMIMAGE) depends on.
@@ -3516,7 +3543,10 @@
 # Install vendor/etc/linker.config.pb with PRODUCT_VENDOR_LINKER_CONFIG_FRAGMENTS and STUB_LIBRARIES
 vendor_linker_config_file := $(TARGET_OUT_VENDOR)/etc/linker.config.pb
 $(vendor_linker_config_file): private_linker_config_fragments := $(PRODUCT_VENDOR_LINKER_CONFIG_FRAGMENTS)
-$(vendor_linker_config_file): $(PRODUCT_VENDOR_LINKER_CONFIG_FRAGMENTS) | $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/conv_linker_config
+$(vendor_linker_config_file): $(INTERNAL_VENDORIMAGE_FILES) $(PRODUCT_VENDOR_LINKER_CONFIG_FRAGMENTS) | $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/conv_linker_config
+	@echo Creating linker config: $@
+	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
+	@rm -f $@
 	$(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/conv_linker_config proto \
 		--source $(call normalize-path-list,$(private_linker_config_fragments)) \
 		--output $@
@@ -3524,6 +3554,7 @@
 		--output $@ --value "$(STUB_LIBRARIES)" --system "$(TARGET_OUT_VENDOR)"
 $(call define declare-0p-target,$(vendor_linker_config_file),)
 INTERNAL_VENDORIMAGE_FILES += $(vendor_linker_config_file)
+ALL_DEFAULT_INSTALLED_MODULES += $(vendor_linker_config_file)
 
 INSTALLED_FILES_FILE_VENDOR := $(PRODUCT_OUT)/installed-files-vendor.txt
 INSTALLED_FILES_JSON_VENDOR := $(INSTALLED_FILES_FILE_VENDOR:.txt=.json)
diff --git a/core/app_prebuilt_internal.mk b/core/app_prebuilt_internal.mk
index eb429cd..9fab44d 100644
--- a/core/app_prebuilt_internal.mk
+++ b/core/app_prebuilt_internal.mk
@@ -302,3 +302,7 @@
 
 endif # LOCAL_PACKAGE_SPLITS
 
+###########################################################
+## SBOM generation
+###########################################################
+include $(BUILD_SBOM_GEN)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core/base_rules.mk b/core/base_rules.mk
index ec5a21e..c453469 100644
--- a/core/base_rules.mk
+++ b/core/base_rules.mk
@@ -949,6 +949,8 @@
     $(ALL_MODULES.$(my_register_name).CHECKED) $(my_checked_module)
 ALL_MODULES.$(my_register_name).BUILT := \
     $(ALL_MODULES.$(my_register_name).BUILT) $(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE)
+ALL_MODULES.$(my_register_name).SOONG_MODULE_TYPE := \
+    $(ALL_MODULES.$(my_register_name).SOONG_MODULE_TYPE) $(LOCAL_SOONG_MODULE_TYPE)
 ifndef LOCAL_IS_HOST_MODULE
 ALL_MODULES.$(my_register_name).TARGET_BUILT := \
     $(ALL_MODULES.$(my_register_name).TARGET_BUILT) $(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE)
@@ -1240,3 +1242,8 @@
 ###########################################################
 
 include $(BUILD_NOTICE_FILE)
+
+###########################################################
+## SBOM generation
+###########################################################
+include $(BUILD_SBOM_GEN)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core/board_config.mk b/core/board_config.mk
index 70c91a8..af05973 100644
--- a/core/board_config.mk
+++ b/core/board_config.mk
@@ -188,6 +188,7 @@
   BUILD_BROKEN_PREBUILT_ELF_FILES \
   BUILD_BROKEN_TREBLE_SYSPROP_NEVERALLOW \
   BUILD_BROKEN_USES_NETWORK \
+  BUILD_BROKEN_USES_SOONG_PYTHON2_MODULES \
   BUILD_BROKEN_VENDOR_PROPERTY_NAMESPACE \
   BUILD_BROKEN_VINTF_PRODUCT_COPY_FILES \
 
diff --git a/core/clear_vars.mk b/core/clear_vars.mk
index e325760..8913ad0 100644
--- a/core/clear_vars.mk
+++ b/core/clear_vars.mk
@@ -293,6 +293,7 @@
 LOCAL_SOONG_LICENSE_METADATA :=
 LOCAL_SOONG_LINK_TYPE :=
 LOCAL_SOONG_LINT_REPORTS :=
+LOCAL_SOONG_MODULE_TYPE :=
 LOCAL_SOONG_PROGUARD_DICT :=
 LOCAL_SOONG_PROGUARD_USAGE_ZIP :=
 LOCAL_SOONG_RESOURCE_EXPORT_PACKAGE :=
diff --git a/core/combo/arch/arm64/armv9-a.mk b/core/combo/arch/arm64/armv9-a.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de0760a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/combo/arch/arm64/armv9-a.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+# .mk file required to support build for the new armv9-a Arm64 arch
+# variant. The file just needs to be present but does not require to contain
+# anything
diff --git a/core/config.mk b/core/config.mk
index 025a3a1..1bb9a96 100644
--- a/core/config.mk
+++ b/core/config.mk
@@ -232,6 +232,7 @@
 BUILD_FUZZ_TEST :=$= $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/fuzz_test.mk
 
 BUILD_NOTICE_FILE :=$= $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/notice_files.mk
+BUILD_SBOM_GEN :=$= $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/sbom.mk
 
 include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/deprecation.mk
 
@@ -641,6 +642,8 @@
 DEXDUMP := $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/dexdump$(BUILD_EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX)
 PROFMAN := $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/profman
 
+GEN_SBOM := $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/generate-sbom
+
 FINDBUGS_DIR := external/owasp/sanitizer/tools/findbugs/bin
 FINDBUGS := $(FINDBUGS_DIR)/findbugs
 
diff --git a/core/dex_preopt_odex_install.mk b/core/dex_preopt_odex_install.mk
index b303b52..05bb669 100644
--- a/core/dex_preopt_odex_install.mk
+++ b/core/dex_preopt_odex_install.mk
@@ -447,6 +447,7 @@
 
   my_dexpreopt_script := $(intermediates)/dexpreopt.sh
   my_dexpreopt_zip := $(intermediates)/dexpreopt.zip
+  DEXPREOPT.$(LOCAL_MODULE).POST_INSTALLED_DEXPREOPT_ZIP := $(my_dexpreopt_zip)
   .KATI_RESTAT: $(my_dexpreopt_script)
   $(my_dexpreopt_script): PRIVATE_MODULE := $(LOCAL_MODULE)
   $(my_dexpreopt_script): PRIVATE_GLOBAL_SOONG_CONFIG := $(DEX_PREOPT_SOONG_CONFIG_FOR_MAKE)
diff --git a/core/main.mk b/core/main.mk
index 3866037..8f36f03 100644
--- a/core/main.mk
+++ b/core/main.mk
@@ -2019,6 +2019,86 @@
 # missing dependency errors.
 $(call build-license-metadata)
 
+# Generate SBOM in SPDX format
+product_copy_files_without_owner := $(foreach pcf,$(PRODUCT_COPY_FILES),$(call word-colon,1,$(pcf)):$(call word-colon,2,$(pcf)))
+ifeq ($(TARGET_BUILD_APPS),)
+dest_files_without_source := $(sort $(foreach pcf,$(product_copy_files_without_owner),$(if $(wildcard $(call word-colon,1,$(pcf))),,$(call word-colon,2,$(pcf)))))
+dest_files_without_source := $(addprefix $(PRODUCT_OUT)/,$(dest_files_without_source))
+installed_files := $(sort $(filter-out $(PRODUCT_OUT)/apex/% $(PRODUCT_OUT)/fake_packages/% $(PRODUCT_OUT)/testcases/% $(dest_files_without_source),$(filter $(PRODUCT_OUT)/%,$(modules_to_install))))
+else
+installed_files := $(apps_only_installed_files)
+endif
+
+# sbom-metadata.csv contains all raw data collected in Make for generating SBOM in generate-sbom.py.
+# There are multiple columns and each identifies the source of an installed file for a specific case.
+# The columns and their uses are described as below:
+#   installed_file: the file path on device, e.g. /product/app/Browser2/Browser2.apk
+#   module_path: the path of the module that generates the installed file, e.g. packages/apps/Browser2
+#   soong_module_type: Soong module type, e.g. android_app, cc_binary
+#   is_prebuilt_make_module: Y, if the installed file is from a prebuilt Make module, see prebuilt_internal.mk
+#   product_copy_files: the installed file is from variable PRODUCT_COPY_FILES, e.g. device/google/cuttlefish/shared/config/init.product.rc:product/etc/init/init.rc
+#   kernel_module_copy_files: the installed file is from variable KERNEL_MODULE_COPY_FILES, similar to product_copy_files
+#   is_platform_generated: this is an aggregated value including some small cases instead of adding more columns. It is set to Y if any case is Y
+#       is_build_prop: build.prop in each partition, see sysprop.mk.
+#       is_notice_file: NOTICE.xml.gz in each partition, see Makefile.
+#       is_dexpreopt_image_profile: see the usage of DEXPREOPT_IMAGE_PROFILE_BUILT_INSTALLED in Soong and Make
+#       is_product_system_other_avbkey: see INSTALLED_PRODUCT_SYSTEM_OTHER_AVBKEY_TARGET
+#       is_system_other_odex_marker: see INSTALLED_SYSTEM_OTHER_ODEX_MARKER
+#       is_event_log_tags_file: see variable event_log_tags_file in Makefile
+#       is_kernel_modules_blocklist: modules.blocklist created for _dlkm partitions, see macro build-image-kernel-modules-dir in Makefile.
+#       is_fsverity_build_manifest_apk: BuildManifest<part>.apk files for system and system_ext partition, see ALL_FSVERITY_BUILD_MANIFEST_APK in Makefile.
+#       is_linker_config: see SYSTEM_LINKER_CONFIG and vendor_linker_config_file in Makefile.
+
+# (TODO: b/272358583 find another way of always rebuilding this target)
+# Remove the sbom-metadata.csv whenever makefile is evaluated
+$(shell rm $(PRODUCT_OUT)/sbom-metadata.csv >/dev/null 2>&1)
+$(PRODUCT_OUT)/sbom-metadata.csv: $(installed_files)
+	rm -f $@
+	@echo installed_file$(comma)module_path$(comma)soong_module_type$(comma)is_prebuilt_make_module$(comma)product_copy_files$(comma)kernel_module_copy_files$(comma)is_platform_generated >> $@
+	$(foreach f,$(installed_files),\
+	  $(eval _module_name := $(ALL_INSTALLED_FILES.$f)) \
+	  $(eval _path_on_device := $(patsubst $(PRODUCT_OUT)/%,%,$f)) \
+	  $(eval _module_path := $(strip $(sort $(ALL_MODULES.$(_module_name).PATH)))) \
+	  $(eval _soong_module_type := $(strip $(sort $(ALL_MODULES.$(_module_name).SOONG_MODULE_TYPE)))) \
+	  $(eval _is_prebuilt_make_module := $(ALL_MODULES.$(_module_name).IS_PREBUILT_MAKE_MODULE)) \
+	  $(eval _post_installed_dexpreopt_zip := $(DEXPREOPT.$(_module_name).POST_INSTALLED_DEXPREOPT_ZIP)) \
+	  $(eval _product_copy_files := $(sort $(filter %:$(_path_on_device),$(product_copy_files_without_owner)))) \
+	  $(eval _kernel_module_copy_files := $(sort $(filter %$(_path_on_device),$(KERNEL_MODULE_COPY_FILES)))) \
+	  $(eval _is_build_prop := $(call is-build-prop,$f)) \
+	  $(eval _is_notice_file := $(call is-notice-file,$f)) \
+	  $(eval _is_dexpreopt_image_profile := $(if $(filter %:/$(_path_on_device),$(DEXPREOPT_IMAGE_PROFILE_BUILT_INSTALLED)),Y)) \
+	  $(eval _is_product_system_other_avbkey := $(if $(findstring $f,$(INSTALLED_PRODUCT_SYSTEM_OTHER_AVBKEY_TARGET)),Y)) \
+	  $(eval _is_event_log_tags_file := $(if $(findstring $f,$(event_log_tags_file)),Y)) \
+	  $(eval _is_system_other_odex_marker := $(if $(findstring $f,$(INSTALLED_SYSTEM_OTHER_ODEX_MARKER)),Y)) \
+	  $(eval _is_kernel_modules_blocklist := $(if $(findstring $f,$(ALL_KERNEL_MODULES_BLOCKLIST)),Y)) \
+	  $(eval _is_fsverity_build_manifest_apk := $(if $(findstring $f,$(ALL_FSVERITY_BUILD_MANIFEST_APK)),Y)) \
+	  $(eval _is_linker_config := $(if $(findstring $f,$(SYSTEM_LINKER_CONFIG) $(vendor_linker_config_file)),Y)) \
+	  $(eval _is_platform_generated := $(_is_build_prop)$(_is_notice_file)$(_is_dexpreopt_image_profile)$(_is_product_system_other_avbkey)$(_is_event_log_tags_file)$(_is_system_other_odex_marker)$(_is_kernel_modules_blocklist)$(_is_fsverity_build_manifest_apk)$(_is_linker_config)) \
+	  @echo /$(_path_on_device)$(comma)$(_module_path)$(comma)$(_soong_module_type)$(comma)$(_is_prebuilt_make_module)$(comma)$(_product_copy_files)$(comma)$(_kernel_module_copy_files)$(comma)$(_is_platform_generated) >> $@ $(newline) \
+	  $(if $(_post_installed_dexpreopt_zip), \
+	  for i in $$(zipinfo -1 $(_post_installed_dexpreopt_zip)); do echo /$$i$(comma)$(_module_path)$(comma)$(_soong_module_type)$(comma)$(_is_prebuilt_make_module)$(comma)$(_product_copy_files)$(comma)$(_kernel_module_copy_files)$(comma)$(_is_platform_generated) >> $@ ; done $(newline) \
+	  ) \
+	)
+
+.PHONY: sbom
+ifeq ($(TARGET_BUILD_APPS),)
+sbom: $(PRODUCT_OUT)/sbom.spdx.json
+$(PRODUCT_OUT)/sbom.spdx.json: $(PRODUCT_OUT)/sbom.spdx
+$(PRODUCT_OUT)/sbom.spdx: $(PRODUCT_OUT)/sbom-metadata.csv $(GEN_SBOM)
+	rm -rf $@
+	$(GEN_SBOM) --output_file $@ --metadata $(PRODUCT_OUT)/sbom-metadata.csv --product_out_dir=$(PRODUCT_OUT) --build_version $(BUILD_FINGERPRINT_FROM_FILE) --product_mfr=$(PRODUCT_MANUFACTURER) --json
+
+$(call dist-for-goals,droid,$(PRODUCT_OUT)/sbom.spdx.json)
+else
+apps_only_sbom_files := $(patsubst %,%.spdx,$(apps_only_installed_files))
+$(apps_only_sbom_files): $(PRODUCT_OUT)/sbom-metadata.csv $(GEN_SBOM)
+	rm -rf $@
+	$(GEN_SBOM) --output_file $@ --metadata $(PRODUCT_OUT)/sbom-metadata.csv --product_out_dir=$(PRODUCT_OUT) --build_version $(BUILD_FINGERPRINT_FROM_FILE) --product_mfr=$(PRODUCT_MANUFACTURER) --unbundled
+
+$(call dist-for-goals,apps_only,$(apps_only_sbom_files))
+sbom: $(apps_only_sbom_files)
+endif
+
 $(call dist-write-file,$(KATI_PACKAGE_MK_DIR)/dist.mk)
 
 $(info [$(call inc_and_print,subdir_makefiles_inc)/$(subdir_makefiles_total)] writing build rules ...)
diff --git a/core/prebuilt_internal.mk b/core/prebuilt_internal.mk
index ef1471d..5bea9b6 100644
--- a/core/prebuilt_internal.mk
+++ b/core/prebuilt_internal.mk
@@ -57,6 +57,9 @@
   $(error $(LOCAL_MODULE) : unexpected LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS for prebuilts: $(LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS))
 endif
 
+$(if $(filter-out $(SOONG_ANDROID_MK),$(LOCAL_MODULE_MAKEFILE)), \
+  $(eval ALL_MODULES.$(my_register_name).IS_PREBUILT_MAKE_MODULE := Y))
+
 $(built_module) : $(LOCAL_ADDITIONAL_DEPENDENCIES)
 
 my_prebuilt_src_file :=
diff --git a/core/sbom.mk b/core/sbom.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e23bbc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/sbom.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# For SBOM generation
+# This is included by base_rules.mk and is not necessary to be included in other .mk files
+# unless a .mk file changes its installed file after including base_rules.mk.
+
+ifdef my_register_name
+  ifneq (, $(strip $(ALL_MODULES.$(my_register_name).INSTALLED)))
+    $(foreach installed_file,$(ALL_MODULES.$(my_register_name).INSTALLED),\
+      $(eval ALL_INSTALLED_FILES.$(installed_file) := $(my_register_name))\
+    )
+  endif
+endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core/soong_app_prebuilt.mk b/core/soong_app_prebuilt.mk
index 786a755..dd550b5 100644
--- a/core/soong_app_prebuilt.mk
+++ b/core/soong_app_prebuilt.mk
@@ -162,19 +162,21 @@
 # embedded JNI will already have been handled by soong
 my_embed_jni :=
 my_prebuilt_jni_libs :=
-ifdef LOCAL_SOONG_JNI_LIBS_$(TARGET_ARCH)
-  my_2nd_arch_prefix :=
-  LOCAL_JNI_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(LOCAL_SOONG_JNI_LIBS_$(TARGET_ARCH))
-  partition_lib_pairs :=  $(LOCAL_SOONG_JNI_LIBS_PARTITION_$(TARGET_ARCH))
-  include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/install_jni_libs_internal.mk
-endif
-ifdef TARGET_2ND_ARCH
-  ifdef LOCAL_SOONG_JNI_LIBS_$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH)
-    my_2nd_arch_prefix := $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)
-    LOCAL_JNI_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(LOCAL_SOONG_JNI_LIBS_$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH))
-    partition_lib_pairs :=  $(LOCAL_SOONG_JNI_LIBS_PARTITION_$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH))
+ifneq (true,$(LOCAL_UNINSTALLABLE_MODULE))
+  ifdef LOCAL_SOONG_JNI_LIBS_$(TARGET_ARCH)
+    my_2nd_arch_prefix :=
+    LOCAL_JNI_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(LOCAL_SOONG_JNI_LIBS_$(TARGET_ARCH))
+    partition_lib_pairs :=  $(LOCAL_SOONG_JNI_LIBS_PARTITION_$(TARGET_ARCH))
     include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/install_jni_libs_internal.mk
   endif
+  ifdef TARGET_2ND_ARCH
+    ifdef LOCAL_SOONG_JNI_LIBS_$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH)
+      my_2nd_arch_prefix := $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)
+      LOCAL_JNI_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(LOCAL_SOONG_JNI_LIBS_$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH))
+      partition_lib_pairs :=  $(LOCAL_SOONG_JNI_LIBS_PARTITION_$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH))
+      include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/install_jni_libs_internal.mk
+    endif
+  endif
 endif
 LOCAL_SHARED_JNI_LIBRARIES :=
 my_embed_jni :=
@@ -267,3 +269,8 @@
 endif
 
 SOONG_ALREADY_CONV += $(LOCAL_MODULE)
+
+###########################################################
+## SBOM generation
+###########################################################
+include $(BUILD_SBOM_GEN)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core/soong_config.mk b/core/soong_config.mk
index 091fa34..0101796 100644
--- a/core/soong_config.mk
+++ b/core/soong_config.mk
@@ -286,6 +286,7 @@
 $(call add_json_bool, BuildBrokenDepfile,                 $(filter true,$(BUILD_BROKEN_DEPFILE)))
 $(call add_json_bool, BuildBrokenEnforceSyspropOwner,     $(filter true,$(BUILD_BROKEN_ENFORCE_SYSPROP_OWNER)))
 $(call add_json_bool, BuildBrokenTrebleSyspropNeverallow, $(filter true,$(BUILD_BROKEN_TREBLE_SYSPROP_NEVERALLOW)))
+$(call add_json_bool, BuildBrokenUsesSoongPython2Modules, $(filter true,$(BUILD_BROKEN_USES_SOONG_PYTHON2_MODULES)))
 $(call add_json_bool, BuildBrokenVendorPropertyNamespace, $(filter true,$(BUILD_BROKEN_VENDOR_PROPERTY_NAMESPACE)))
 $(call add_json_list, BuildBrokenInputDirModules, $(BUILD_BROKEN_INPUT_DIR_MODULES))
 
diff --git a/core/sysprop.mk b/core/sysprop.mk
index 6e2caed..bd6f3d9 100644
--- a/core/sysprop.mk
+++ b/core/sysprop.mk
@@ -543,3 +543,19 @@
     $(empty)))
 
 $(eval $(call declare-1p-target,$(INSTALLED_RAMDISK_BUILD_PROP_TARGET)))
+
+ALL_INSTALLED_BUILD_PROP_FILES := \
+  $(INSTALLED_BUILD_PROP_TARGET) \
+  $(INSTALLED_VENDOR_BUILD_PROP_TARGET) \
+  $(INSTALLED_PRODUCT_BUILD_PROP_TARGET) \
+  $(INSTALLED_ODM_BUILD_PROP_TARGET) \
+  $(INSTALLED_VENDOR_DLKM_BUILD_PROP_TARGET) \
+  $(INSTALLED_ODM_DLKM_BUILD_PROP_TARGET) \
+  $(INSTALLED_SYSTEM_DLKM_BUILD_PROP_TARGET) \
+  $(INSTALLED_SYSTEM_EXT_BUILD_PROP_TARGET) \
+  $(INSTALLED_RAMDISK_BUILD_PROP_TARGET)
+
+# $1 installed file path, e.g. out/target/product/vsoc_x86_64/system/build.prop
+define is-build-prop
+$(if $(findstring $1,$(ALL_INSTALLED_BUILD_PROP_FILES)),Y)
+endef
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tools/Android.bp b/tools/Android.bp
index f446973..c5c02c6 100644
--- a/tools/Android.bp
+++ b/tools/Android.bp
@@ -69,3 +69,19 @@
   name: "generate_gts_shared_report",
   srcs: ["generate_gts_shared_report.py"],
 }
+
+python_binary_host {
+    name: "generate-sbom",
+    srcs: [
+        "generate-sbom.py",
+    ],
+    version: {
+        py3: {
+            embedded_launcher: true,
+        },
+    },
+    libs: [
+        "metadata_file_proto_py",
+        "libprotobuf-python",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/tools/generate-sbom.py b/tools/generate-sbom.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..54057c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/generate-sbom.py
@@ -0,0 +1,684 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""
+Generate the SBOM of the current target product in SPDX format.
+Usage example:
+  generate-sbom.py --output_file out/target/product/vsoc_x86_64/sbom.spdx \
+                   --metadata out/target/product/vsoc_x86_64/sbom-metadata.csv \
+                   --product_out_dir=out/target/product/vsoc_x86_64 \
+                   --build_version $(cat out/target/product/vsoc_x86_64/build_fingerprint.txt) \
+                   --product_mfr=Google
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import csv
+import datetime
+import google.protobuf.text_format as text_format
+import hashlib
+import json
+import os
+import metadata_file_pb2
+
+# Common
+SPDXID = 'SPDXID'
+SPDX_VERSION = 'SPDXVersion'
+DATA_LICENSE = 'DataLicense'
+DOCUMENT_NAME = 'DocumentName'
+DOCUMENT_NAMESPACE = 'DocumentNamespace'
+CREATED = 'Created'
+CREATOR = 'Creator'
+EXTERNAL_DOCUMENT_REF = 'ExternalDocumentRef'
+
+# Package
+PACKAGE_NAME = 'PackageName'
+PACKAGE_DOWNLOAD_LOCATION = 'PackageDownloadLocation'
+PACKAGE_VERSION = 'PackageVersion'
+PACKAGE_SUPPLIER = 'PackageSupplier'
+FILES_ANALYZED = 'FilesAnalyzed'
+PACKAGE_VERIFICATION_CODE = 'PackageVerificationCode'
+PACKAGE_EXTERNAL_REF = 'ExternalRef'
+# Package license
+PACKAGE_LICENSE_CONCLUDED = 'PackageLicenseConcluded'
+PACKAGE_LICENSE_INFO_FROM_FILES = 'PackageLicenseInfoFromFiles'
+PACKAGE_LICENSE_DECLARED = 'PackageLicenseDeclared'
+PACKAGE_LICENSE_COMMENTS = 'PackageLicenseComments'
+
+# File
+FILE_NAME = 'FileName'
+FILE_CHECKSUM = 'FileChecksum'
+# File license
+FILE_LICENSE_CONCLUDED = 'LicenseConcluded'
+FILE_LICENSE_INFO_IN_FILE = 'LicenseInfoInFile'
+FILE_LICENSE_COMMENTS = 'LicenseComments'
+FILE_COPYRIGHT_TEXT = 'FileCopyrightText'
+FILE_NOTICE = 'FileNotice'
+FILE_ATTRIBUTION_TEXT = 'FileAttributionText'
+
+# Relationship
+RELATIONSHIP = 'Relationship'
+REL_DESCRIBES = 'DESCRIBES'
+REL_VARIANT_OF = 'VARIANT_OF'
+REL_GENERATED_FROM = 'GENERATED_FROM'
+
+# Package type
+PKG_SOURCE = 'SOURCE'
+PKG_UPSTREAM = 'UPSTREAM'
+PKG_PREBUILT = 'PREBUILT'
+
+# Security tag
+NVD_CPE23 = 'NVD-CPE2.3:'
+
+# Report
+ISSUE_NO_METADATA = 'No metadata generated in Make for installed files:'
+ISSUE_NO_METADATA_FILE = 'No METADATA file found for installed file:'
+ISSUE_METADATA_FILE_INCOMPLETE = 'METADATA file incomplete:'
+ISSUE_UNKNOWN_SECURITY_TAG_TYPE = "Unknown security tag type:"
+INFO_METADATA_FOUND_FOR_PACKAGE = 'METADATA file found for packages:'
+
+
+def get_args():
+  parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+  parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', action='store_true', default=False, help='Print more information.')
+  parser.add_argument('--output_file', required=True, help='The generated SBOM file in SPDX format.')
+  parser.add_argument('--metadata', required=True, help='The SBOM metadata file path.')
+  parser.add_argument('--product_out_dir', required=True, help='The parent directory of all the installed files.')
+  parser.add_argument('--build_version', required=True, help='The build version.')
+  parser.add_argument('--product_mfr', required=True, help='The product manufacturer.')
+  parser.add_argument('--json', action='store_true', default=False, help='Generated SBOM file in SPDX JSON format')
+  parser.add_argument('--unbundled', action='store_true', default=False, help='Generate SBOM file for unbundled module')
+
+  return parser.parse_args()
+
+
+def log(*info):
+  if args.verbose:
+    for i in info:
+      print(i)
+
+
+def new_doc_header(doc_id):
+  return {
+      SPDX_VERSION: 'SPDX-2.3',
+      DATA_LICENSE: 'CC0-1.0',
+      SPDXID: doc_id,
+      DOCUMENT_NAME: args.build_version,
+      DOCUMENT_NAMESPACE: 'https://www.google.com/sbom/spdx/android/' + args.build_version,
+      CREATOR: 'Organization: Google, LLC',
+      CREATED: '<timestamp>',
+      EXTERNAL_DOCUMENT_REF: [],
+  }
+
+
+def new_package_record(id, name, version, supplier, download_location=None, files_analyzed='false', external_refs=[]):
+  package = {
+      PACKAGE_NAME: name,
+      SPDXID: id,
+      PACKAGE_DOWNLOAD_LOCATION: download_location if download_location else 'NONE',
+      FILES_ANALYZED: files_analyzed,
+  }
+  if version:
+    package[PACKAGE_VERSION] = version
+  if supplier:
+    package[PACKAGE_SUPPLIER] = 'Organization: ' + supplier
+  if external_refs:
+    package[PACKAGE_EXTERNAL_REF] = external_refs
+
+  return package
+
+
+def new_file_record(id, name, checksum):
+  return {
+      FILE_NAME: name,
+      SPDXID: id,
+      FILE_CHECKSUM: checksum
+  }
+
+
+def encode_for_spdxid(s):
+  """Simple encode for string values used in SPDXID which uses the charset of A-Za-Z0-9.-"""
+  result = ''
+  for c in s:
+    if c.isalnum() or c in '.-':
+      result += c
+    elif c in '_@/':
+      result += '-'
+    else:
+      result += '0x' + c.encode('utf-8').hex()
+
+  return result.lstrip('-')
+
+
+def new_package_id(package_name, type):
+  return 'SPDXRef-{}-{}'.format(type, encode_for_spdxid(package_name))
+
+
+def new_external_doc_ref(package_name, sbom_url, sbom_checksum):
+  doc_ref_id = 'DocumentRef-{}-{}'.format(PKG_UPSTREAM, encode_for_spdxid(package_name))
+  return '{}: {} {} {}'.format(EXTERNAL_DOCUMENT_REF, doc_ref_id, sbom_url, sbom_checksum), doc_ref_id
+
+
+def new_file_id(file_path):
+  return 'SPDXRef-' + encode_for_spdxid(file_path)
+
+
+def new_relationship_record(id1, relationship, id2):
+  return '{}: {} {} {}'.format(RELATIONSHIP, id1, relationship, id2)
+
+
+def checksum(file_path):
+  file_path = args.product_out_dir + '/' + file_path
+  h = hashlib.sha1()
+  if os.path.islink(file_path):
+    h.update(os.readlink(file_path).encode('utf-8'))
+  else:
+    with open(file_path, "rb") as f:
+      h.update(f.read())
+  return "SHA1: " + h.hexdigest()
+
+
+def is_soong_prebuilt_module(file_metadata):
+  return file_metadata['soong_module_type'] and file_metadata['soong_module_type'] in [
+      'android_app_import', 'android_library_import', 'cc_prebuilt_binary', 'cc_prebuilt_library',
+      'cc_prebuilt_library_headers', 'cc_prebuilt_library_shared', 'cc_prebuilt_library_static', 'cc_prebuilt_object',
+      'dex_import', 'java_import', 'java_sdk_library_import', 'java_system_modules_import',
+      'libclang_rt_prebuilt_library_static', 'libclang_rt_prebuilt_library_shared', 'llvm_prebuilt_library_static',
+      'ndk_prebuilt_object', 'ndk_prebuilt_shared_stl', 'nkd_prebuilt_static_stl', 'prebuilt_apex',
+      'prebuilt_bootclasspath_fragment', 'prebuilt_dsp', 'prebuilt_firmware', 'prebuilt_kernel_modules',
+      'prebuilt_rfsa', 'prebuilt_root', 'rust_prebuilt_dylib', 'rust_prebuilt_library', 'rust_prebuilt_rlib',
+      'vndk_prebuilt_shared',
+
+      # 'android_test_import',
+      # 'cc_prebuilt_test_library_shared',
+      # 'java_import_host',
+      # 'java_test_import',
+      # 'llvm_host_prebuilt_library_shared',
+      # 'prebuilt_apis',
+      # 'prebuilt_build_tool',
+      # 'prebuilt_defaults',
+      # 'prebuilt_etc',
+      # 'prebuilt_etc_host',
+      # 'prebuilt_etc_xml',
+      # 'prebuilt_font',
+      # 'prebuilt_hidl_interfaces',
+      # 'prebuilt_platform_compat_config',
+      # 'prebuilt_stubs_sources',
+      # 'prebuilt_usr_share',
+      # 'prebuilt_usr_share_host',
+      # 'soong_config_module_type_import',
+  ]
+
+
+def is_source_package(file_metadata):
+  module_path = file_metadata['module_path']
+  return module_path.startswith('external/') and not is_prebuilt_package(file_metadata)
+
+
+def is_prebuilt_package(file_metadata):
+  module_path = file_metadata['module_path']
+  if module_path:
+    return (module_path.startswith('prebuilts/') or
+            is_soong_prebuilt_module(file_metadata) or
+            file_metadata['is_prebuilt_make_module'])
+
+  kernel_module_copy_files = file_metadata['kernel_module_copy_files']
+  if kernel_module_copy_files and not kernel_module_copy_files.startswith('ANDROID-GEN:'):
+    return True
+
+  return False
+
+
+def get_source_package_info(file_metadata, metadata_file_path):
+  if not metadata_file_path:
+    return file_metadata['module_path'], []
+
+  metadata_proto = metadata_file_protos[metadata_file_path]
+  external_refs = []
+  for tag in metadata_proto.third_party.security.tag:
+    if tag.lower().startswith((NVD_CPE23 + 'cpe:2.3:').lower()):
+      external_refs.append("{}: SECURITY cpe23Type {}".format(PACKAGE_EXTERNAL_REF, tag.removeprefix(NVD_CPE23)))
+    elif tag.lower().startswith((NVD_CPE23 + 'cpe:/').lower()):
+      external_refs.append("{}: SECURITY cpe22Type {}".format(PACKAGE_EXTERNAL_REF, tag.removeprefix(NVD_CPE23)))
+
+  if metadata_proto.name:
+    return metadata_proto.name, external_refs
+  else:
+    return os.path.basename(metadata_file_path), external_refs  # return the directory name only as package name
+
+
+def get_prebuilt_package_name(file_metadata, metadata_file_path):
+  name = None
+  if metadata_file_path:
+    metadata_proto = metadata_file_protos[metadata_file_path]
+    if metadata_proto.name:
+      name = metadata_proto.name
+    else:
+      name = metadata_file_path
+  elif file_metadata['module_path']:
+    name = file_metadata['module_path']
+  elif file_metadata['kernel_module_copy_files']:
+    src_path = file_metadata['kernel_module_copy_files'].split(':')[0]
+    name = os.path.dirname(src_path)
+
+  return name.removeprefix('prebuilts/').replace('/', '-')
+
+
+def get_metadata_file_path(file_metadata):
+  metadata_path = ''
+  if file_metadata['module_path']:
+    metadata_path = file_metadata['module_path']
+  elif file_metadata['kernel_module_copy_files']:
+    metadata_path = os.path.dirname(file_metadata['kernel_module_copy_files'].split(':')[0])
+
+  while metadata_path and not os.path.exists(metadata_path + '/METADATA'):
+    metadata_path = os.path.dirname(metadata_path)
+
+  return metadata_path
+
+
+def get_package_version(metadata_file_path):
+  if not metadata_file_path:
+    return None
+  metadata_proto = metadata_file_protos[metadata_file_path]
+  return metadata_proto.third_party.version
+
+
+def get_package_homepage(metadata_file_path):
+  if not metadata_file_path:
+    return None
+  metadata_proto = metadata_file_protos[metadata_file_path]
+  if metadata_proto.third_party.homepage:
+    return metadata_proto.third_party.homepage
+  for url in metadata_proto.third_party.url:
+    if url.type == metadata_file_pb2.URL.Type.HOMEPAGE:
+      return url.value
+
+  return None
+
+
+def get_package_download_location(metadata_file_path):
+  if not metadata_file_path:
+    return None
+  metadata_proto = metadata_file_protos[metadata_file_path]
+  if metadata_proto.third_party.url:
+    urls = sorted(metadata_proto.third_party.url, key=lambda url: url.type)
+    if urls[0].type != metadata_file_pb2.URL.Type.HOMEPAGE:
+      return urls[0].value
+    elif len(urls) > 1:
+      return urls[1].value
+
+  return None
+
+
+def get_sbom_fragments(installed_file_metadata, metadata_file_path):
+  external_doc_ref = None
+  packages = []
+  relationships = []
+
+  # Info from METADATA file
+  homepage = get_package_homepage(metadata_file_path)
+  version = get_package_version(metadata_file_path)
+  download_location = get_package_download_location(metadata_file_path)
+
+  if is_source_package(installed_file_metadata):
+    # Source fork packages
+    name, external_refs = get_source_package_info(installed_file_metadata, metadata_file_path)
+    source_package_id = new_package_id(name, PKG_SOURCE)
+    source_package = new_package_record(source_package_id, name, args.build_version, args.product_mfr,
+                                        external_refs=external_refs)
+
+    upstream_package_id = new_package_id(name, PKG_UPSTREAM)
+    upstream_package = new_package_record(upstream_package_id, name, version, homepage, download_location)
+    packages += [source_package, upstream_package]
+    relationships.append(new_relationship_record(source_package_id, REL_VARIANT_OF, upstream_package_id))
+  elif is_prebuilt_package(installed_file_metadata):
+    # Prebuilt fork packages
+    name = get_prebuilt_package_name(installed_file_metadata, metadata_file_path)
+    prebuilt_package_id = new_package_id(name, PKG_PREBUILT)
+    prebuilt_package = new_package_record(prebuilt_package_id, name, args.build_version, args.product_mfr)
+    packages.append(prebuilt_package)
+
+    if metadata_file_path:
+      metadata_proto = metadata_file_protos[metadata_file_path]
+      if metadata_proto.third_party.WhichOneof('sbom') == 'sbom_ref':
+        sbom_url = metadata_proto.third_party.sbom_ref.url
+        sbom_checksum = metadata_proto.third_party.sbom_ref.checksum
+        upstream_element_id = metadata_proto.third_party.sbom_ref.element_id
+        if sbom_url and sbom_checksum and upstream_element_id:
+          external_doc_ref, doc_ref_id = new_external_doc_ref(name, sbom_url, sbom_checksum)
+          relationships.append(
+              new_relationship_record(prebuilt_package_id, REL_VARIANT_OF, doc_ref_id + ':' + upstream_element_id))
+
+  return external_doc_ref, packages, relationships
+
+
+def generate_package_verification_code(files):
+  checksums = [file[FILE_CHECKSUM] for file in files]
+  checksums.sort()
+  h = hashlib.sha1()
+  h.update(''.join(checksums).encode(encoding='utf-8'))
+  return h.hexdigest()
+
+
+def write_record(f, record):
+  if record.__class__.__name__ == 'dict':
+    for k, v in record.items():
+      if k == EXTERNAL_DOCUMENT_REF or k == PACKAGE_EXTERNAL_REF:
+        for ref in v:
+          f.write(ref + '\n')
+      else:
+        f.write('{}: {}\n'.format(k, v))
+  elif record.__class__.__name__ == 'str':
+    f.write(record + '\n')
+  f.write('\n')
+
+
+def write_tagvalue_sbom(all_records):
+  with open(args.output_file, 'w', encoding="utf-8") as output_file:
+    for rec in all_records:
+      write_record(output_file, rec)
+
+
+def write_json_sbom(all_records, product_package_id):
+  doc = {}
+  product_package = None
+  for r in all_records:
+    if r.__class__.__name__ == 'dict':
+      if DOCUMENT_NAME in r:  # Doc header
+        doc['spdxVersion'] = r[SPDX_VERSION]
+        doc['dataLicense'] = r[DATA_LICENSE]
+        doc[SPDXID] = r[SPDXID]
+        doc['name'] = r[DOCUMENT_NAME]
+        doc['documentNamespace'] = r[DOCUMENT_NAMESPACE]
+        doc['creationInfo'] = {
+            'creators': [r[CREATOR]],
+            'created': r[CREATED],
+        }
+        doc['externalDocumentRefs'] = []
+        for ref in r[EXTERNAL_DOCUMENT_REF]:
+          # ref is 'ExternalDocumentRef: <doc id> <doc url> SHA1: xxxxx'
+          fields = ref.split(' ')
+          doc_ref = {
+              'externalDocumentId': fields[1],
+              'spdxDocument': fields[2],
+              'checksum': {
+                  'algorithm': fields[3][:-1],
+                  'checksumValue': fields[4]
+              }
+          }
+          doc['externalDocumentRefs'].append(doc_ref)
+        doc['documentDescribes'] = []
+        doc['packages'] = []
+        doc['files'] = []
+        doc['relationships'] = []
+
+      elif PACKAGE_NAME in r:  # packages
+        package = {
+            'name': r[PACKAGE_NAME],
+            SPDXID: r[SPDXID],
+            'downloadLocation': r[PACKAGE_DOWNLOAD_LOCATION],
+            'filesAnalyzed': r[FILES_ANALYZED] == "true"
+        }
+        if PACKAGE_VERSION in r:
+          package['versionInfo'] = r[PACKAGE_VERSION]
+        if PACKAGE_SUPPLIER in r:
+          package['supplier'] = r[PACKAGE_SUPPLIER]
+        if PACKAGE_VERIFICATION_CODE in r:
+          package['packageVerificationCode'] = {
+              'packageVerificationCodeValue': r[PACKAGE_VERIFICATION_CODE]
+          }
+        if PACKAGE_EXTERNAL_REF in r:
+          package['externalRefs'] = []
+          for ref in r[PACKAGE_EXTERNAL_REF]:
+            # ref is 'ExternalRef: SECURITY cpe22Type cpe:/a:jsoncpp_project:jsoncpp:1.9.4'
+            fields = ref.split(' ')
+            ext_ref = {
+                'referenceCategory': fields[1],
+                'referenceType': fields[2],
+                'referenceLocator': fields[3],
+            }
+            package['externalRefs'].append(ext_ref)
+
+        doc['packages'].append(package)
+        if r[SPDXID] == product_package_id:
+          product_package = package
+          product_package['hasFiles'] = []
+
+      elif FILE_NAME in r:  # files
+        file = {
+            'fileName': r[FILE_NAME],
+            SPDXID: r[SPDXID]
+        }
+        checksum = r[FILE_CHECKSUM].split(': ')
+        file['checksums'] = [{
+            'algorithm': checksum[0],
+            'checksumValue': checksum[1],
+        }]
+        doc['files'].append(file)
+        product_package['hasFiles'].append(r[SPDXID])
+
+    elif r.__class__.__name__ == 'str':
+      if r.startswith(RELATIONSHIP):
+        # r is 'Relationship: <spdxid> <relationship> <spdxid>'
+        fields = r.split(' ')
+        rel = {
+            'spdxElementId': fields[1],
+            'relatedSpdxElement': fields[3],
+            'relationshipType': fields[2],
+        }
+        if fields[2] == REL_DESCRIBES:
+          doc['documentDescribes'].append(fields[3])
+        else:
+          doc['relationships'].append(rel)
+
+  with open(args.output_file + '.json', 'w', encoding="utf-8") as output_file:
+    output_file.write(json.dumps(doc, indent=4))
+
+
+def save_report(report):
+  prefix, _ = os.path.splitext(args.output_file)
+  with open(prefix + '-gen-report.txt', 'w', encoding="utf-8") as report_file:
+    for type, issues in report.items():
+      report_file.write(type + '\n')
+      for issue in issues:
+        report_file.write('\t' + issue + '\n')
+      report_file.write('\n')
+
+
+def sort_rels(rel):
+  # rel = 'Relationship file_id GENERATED_FROM package_id'
+  fields = rel.split(' ')
+  return fields[3] + fields[1]
+
+
+# Validate the metadata generated by Make for installed files and report if there is no metadata.
+def installed_file_has_metadata(installed_file_metadata, report):
+  installed_file = installed_file_metadata['installed_file']
+  module_path = installed_file_metadata['module_path']
+  product_copy_files = installed_file_metadata['product_copy_files']
+  kernel_module_copy_files = installed_file_metadata['kernel_module_copy_files']
+  is_platform_generated = installed_file_metadata['is_platform_generated']
+
+  if (not module_path and
+      not product_copy_files and
+      not kernel_module_copy_files and
+      not is_platform_generated and
+      not installed_file.endswith('.fsv_meta')):
+    report[ISSUE_NO_METADATA].append(installed_file)
+    return False
+
+  return True
+
+
+def report_metadata_file(metadata_file_path, installed_file_metadata, report):
+  if metadata_file_path:
+    report[INFO_METADATA_FOUND_FOR_PACKAGE].append(
+        "installed_file: {}, module_path: {}, METADATA file: {}".format(
+            installed_file_metadata['installed_file'],
+            installed_file_metadata['module_path'],
+            metadata_file_path + '/METADATA'))
+
+    package_metadata = metadata_file_pb2.Metadata()
+    with open(metadata_file_path + '/METADATA', "rt") as f:
+      text_format.Parse(f.read(), package_metadata)
+
+    if not metadata_file_path in metadata_file_protos:
+      metadata_file_protos[metadata_file_path] = package_metadata
+      if not package_metadata.name:
+        report[ISSUE_METADATA_FILE_INCOMPLETE].append('{} does not has "name"'.format(metadata_file_path + '/METADATA'))
+
+      if not package_metadata.third_party.version:
+        report[ISSUE_METADATA_FILE_INCOMPLETE].append(
+            '{} does not has "third_party.version"'.format(metadata_file_path + '/METADATA'))
+
+      for tag in package_metadata.third_party.security.tag:
+        if not tag.startswith(NVD_CPE23):
+          report[ISSUE_UNKNOWN_SECURITY_TAG_TYPE].append(
+              "Unknown security tag type: {} in {}".format(tag, metadata_file_path + '/METADATA'))
+  else:
+    report[ISSUE_NO_METADATA_FILE].append(
+        "installed_file: {}, module_path: {}".format(
+            installed_file_metadata['installed_file'], installed_file_metadata['module_path']))
+
+
+def generate_fragment():
+  with open(args.metadata, newline='') as sbom_metadata_file:
+    reader = csv.DictReader(sbom_metadata_file)
+    for installed_file_metadata in reader:
+      installed_file = installed_file_metadata['installed_file']
+      if args.output_file != args.product_out_dir + installed_file + ".spdx":
+        continue
+
+      module_path = installed_file_metadata['module_path']
+      package_id = new_package_id(encode_for_spdxid(module_path), PKG_PREBUILT)
+      package = new_package_record(package_id, module_path, args.build_version, args.product_mfr)
+      file_id = new_file_id(installed_file)
+      file = new_file_record(file_id, installed_file, checksum(installed_file))
+      relationship = new_relationship_record(file_id, REL_GENERATED_FROM, package_id)
+      records = [package, file, relationship]
+      write_tagvalue_sbom(records)
+      break
+
+
+def main():
+  global args
+  args = get_args()
+  log("Args:", vars(args))
+
+  if args.unbundled:
+    generate_fragment()
+    return
+
+  global metadata_file_protos
+  metadata_file_protos = {}
+
+  doc_id = 'SPDXRef-DOCUMENT'
+  doc_header = new_doc_header(doc_id)
+
+  product_package_id = 'SPDXRef-PRODUCT'
+  product_package = new_package_record(product_package_id, 'PRODUCT', args.build_version, args.product_mfr,
+                                       files_analyzed='true')
+
+  platform_package_id = 'SPDXRef-PLATFORM'
+  platform_package = new_package_record(platform_package_id, 'PLATFORM', args.build_version, args.product_mfr)
+
+  # Report on some issues and information
+  report = {
+      ISSUE_NO_METADATA: [],
+      ISSUE_NO_METADATA_FILE: [],
+      ISSUE_METADATA_FILE_INCOMPLETE: [],
+      ISSUE_UNKNOWN_SECURITY_TAG_TYPE: [],
+      INFO_METADATA_FOUND_FOR_PACKAGE: []
+  }
+
+  # Scan the metadata in CSV file and create the corresponding package and file records in SPDX
+  product_files = []
+  package_ids = []
+  package_records = []
+  rels_file_gen_from = []
+  with open(args.metadata, newline='') as sbom_metadata_file:
+    reader = csv.DictReader(sbom_metadata_file)
+    for installed_file_metadata in reader:
+      installed_file = installed_file_metadata['installed_file']
+      module_path = installed_file_metadata['module_path']
+      product_copy_files = installed_file_metadata['product_copy_files']
+      kernel_module_copy_files = installed_file_metadata['kernel_module_copy_files']
+
+      if not installed_file_has_metadata(installed_file_metadata, report):
+        continue
+
+      file_id = new_file_id(installed_file)
+      product_files.append(new_file_record(file_id, installed_file, checksum(installed_file)))
+
+      if is_source_package(installed_file_metadata) or is_prebuilt_package(installed_file_metadata):
+        metadata_file_path = get_metadata_file_path(installed_file_metadata)
+        report_metadata_file(metadata_file_path, installed_file_metadata, report)
+
+        # File from source fork packages or prebuilt fork packages
+        external_doc_ref, pkgs, rels = get_sbom_fragments(installed_file_metadata, metadata_file_path)
+        if len(pkgs) > 0:
+          if external_doc_ref and external_doc_ref not in doc_header[EXTERNAL_DOCUMENT_REF]:
+            doc_header[EXTERNAL_DOCUMENT_REF].append(external_doc_ref)
+          for p in pkgs:
+            if not p[SPDXID] in package_ids:
+              package_ids.append(p[SPDXID])
+              package_records.append(p)
+          for rel in rels:
+            if not rel in package_records:
+              package_records.append(rel)
+          fork_package_id = pkgs[0][SPDXID]  # The first package should be the source/prebuilt fork package
+          rels_file_gen_from.append(new_relationship_record(file_id, REL_GENERATED_FROM, fork_package_id))
+      elif module_path or installed_file_metadata['is_platform_generated']:
+        # File from PLATFORM package
+        rels_file_gen_from.append(new_relationship_record(file_id, REL_GENERATED_FROM, platform_package_id))
+      elif product_copy_files:
+        # Format of product_copy_files: <source path>:<dest path>
+        src_path = product_copy_files.split(':')[0]
+        # So far product_copy_files are copied from directory system, kernel, hardware, frameworks and device,
+        # so process them as files from PLATFORM package
+        rels_file_gen_from.append(new_relationship_record(file_id, REL_GENERATED_FROM, platform_package_id))
+      elif installed_file.endswith('.fsv_meta'):
+        # See build/make/core/Makefile:2988
+        rels_file_gen_from.append(new_relationship_record(file_id, REL_GENERATED_FROM, platform_package_id))
+      elif kernel_module_copy_files.startswith('ANDROID-GEN'):
+        # For the four files generated for _dlkm, _ramdisk partitions
+        # See build/make/core/Makefile:323
+        rels_file_gen_from.append(new_relationship_record(file_id, REL_GENERATED_FROM, platform_package_id))
+
+  product_package[PACKAGE_VERIFICATION_CODE] = generate_package_verification_code(product_files)
+
+  all_records = [
+      doc_header,
+      product_package,
+      new_relationship_record(doc_id, REL_DESCRIBES, product_package_id),
+  ]
+  all_records += product_files
+  all_records.append(platform_package)
+  all_records += package_records
+  rels_file_gen_from.sort(key=sort_rels)
+  all_records += rels_file_gen_from
+
+  # Save SBOM records to output file
+  doc_header[CREATED] = datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')
+  write_tagvalue_sbom(all_records)
+  if args.json:
+    write_json_sbom(all_records, product_package_id)
+
+  save_report(report)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  main()
diff --git a/tools/protos/Android.bp b/tools/protos/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6ad19e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/protos/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+python_library_host {
+    name: "metadata_file_proto_py",
+    version: {
+        py3: {
+            enabled: true,
+        },
+    },
+    srcs: [
+        "metadata_file.proto",
+    ],
+    proto: {
+        canonical_path_from_root: false,
+    },
+}
diff --git a/tools/protos/metadata_file.proto b/tools/protos/metadata_file.proto
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac1129a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/protos/metadata_file.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package metadata_file;
+
+// Proto definition of METADATA files of packages in AOSP codebase.
+message Metadata {
+  // Name of the package.
+  optional string name = 1;
+
+  // A short description (a few lines) of the package.
+  // Example: "Handles location lookups, throttling, batching, etc."
+  optional string description = 2;
+
+  // Specifies additional data about third-party packages.
+  optional ThirdParty third_party = 3;
+}
+
+message ThirdParty {
+  // URL(s) associated with the package.
+  //
+  // At a minimum, all packages must specify a URL which identifies where it
+  // came from, containing a type of: ARCHIVE, GIT or OTHER. Typically,
+  // a package should contain only a single URL from these types.  Occasionally,
+  // a package may be broken across multiple archive files for whatever reason,
+  // in which case having multiple ARCHIVE URLs is okay.  However, this should
+  // not be used to combine different logical packages that are versioned and
+  // possibly licensed differently.
+  repeated URL url = 1;
+
+  // The package version.  In order of preference, this should contain:
+  //  - If the package comes from Git or another source control system,
+  //    a specific tag or revision in source control, such as "r123" or
+  //    "58e27d2".  This MUST NOT be a mutable ref such as a branch name.
+  //  - a released package version such as "1.0", "2.3-beta", etc.
+  //  - the date the package was retrieved, formatted as "As of YYYY-MM-DD".
+  optional string version = 2;
+
+  // The date of the change in which the package was last upgraded from
+  // upstream.
+  // This should only identify package upgrades from upstream, not local
+  // modifications. This may identify the date of either the original or
+  // merged change.
+  //
+  // Note: this is NOT the date that this version of the package was released
+  // externally.
+  optional Date last_upgrade_date = 3;
+
+  // License type that identifies how the package may be used.
+  optional LicenseType license_type = 4;
+
+  // An additional note explaining the licensing of this package.  This is most
+  // commonly used with commercial license.
+  optional string license_note = 5;
+
+  // Description of local changes that have been made to the package.  This does
+  // not need to (and in most cases should not) attempt to include an exhaustive
+  // list of all changes, but may instead direct readers to review the local
+  // commit history, a collection of patch files, a separate README.md (or
+  // similar) document, etc.
+  // Note: Use of this field to store IDs of advisories fixed with a backported
+  // patch is deprecated, use "security.mitigated_security_patch" instead.
+  optional string local_modifications = 6;
+
+  // Security related metadata including risk category and any special
+  // instructions for using the package, as determined by an ISE-TPS review.
+  optional Security security = 7;
+
+  // The type of directory this metadata represents.
+  optional DirectoryType type = 8 [default = PACKAGE];
+
+  // The homepage for the package. This will eventually replace
+  // `url { type: HOMEPAGE }`
+  optional string homepage = 9;
+
+  // SBOM information of the package. It is mandatory for prebuilt packages.
+  oneof sbom {
+    // Reference to external SBOM document provided as URL.
+    SBOMRef sbom_ref = 10;
+  }
+
+}
+
+// URL associated with a third-party package.
+message URL {
+  enum Type {
+    // The homepage for the package. For example, "https://bazel.io/". This URL
+    // is optional, but encouraged to help disambiguate similarly named packages
+    // or to get more information about the package. This is especially helpful
+    // when no other URLs provide human readable resources (such as git:// or
+    // sso:// URLs).
+    HOMEPAGE = 1;
+
+    // The URL of the archive containing the source code for the package, for
+    // example a zip or tgz file.
+    ARCHIVE = 2;
+
+    // The URL of the upstream git repository this package is retrieved from.
+    // For example:
+    //  - https://github.com/git/git.git
+    //  - git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git
+    //
+    // Use of a git URL requires that the package "version" value must specify a
+    // specific git tag or revision.
+    GIT = 3;
+
+    // The URL of the upstream SVN repository this package is retrieved from.
+    // For example:
+    //  - http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/
+    //
+    // Use of an SVN URL requires that the package "version" value must specify
+    // a specific SVN tag or revision.
+    SVN = 4;
+
+    // The URL of the upstream mercurial repository this package is retrieved
+    // from. For example:
+    //   - https://mercurial-scm.org/repo/evolve
+    //
+    // Use of a mercurial URL requires that the package "version" value must
+    // specify a specific tag or revision.
+    HG = 5;
+
+    // The URL of the upstream darcs repository this package is retrieved
+    // from. For example:
+    //   - https://hub.darcs.net/hu.dwim/hu.dwim.util
+    //
+    // Use of a DARCS URL requires that the package "version" value must
+    // specify a specific tag or revision.
+    DARCS = 6;
+
+    PIPER = 7;
+
+    // A URL that does not fit any other type. This may also indicate that the
+    // source code was received via email or some other out-of-band way. This is
+    // most commonly used with commercial software received directly from the
+    // vendor. In the case of email, the URL value can be used to provide
+    // additional information about how it was received.
+    OTHER = 8;
+
+    // The URL identifying where the local copy of the package source code can
+    // be found.
+    //
+    // Typically, the metadata files describing a package reside in the same
+    // directory as the source code for the package. In a few rare cases where
+    // they are separate, the LOCAL_SOURCE URL identifies where to find the
+    // source code. This only describes where to find the local copy of the
+    // source; there should always be an additional URL describing where the
+    // package was retrieved from.
+    //
+    // Examples:
+    //  - https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/apache-http/
+    LOCAL_SOURCE = 9;
+  }
+
+  // The type of resource this URL identifies.
+  optional Type type = 1;
+
+  // The actual URL value.  URLs should be absolute and start with 'http://' or
+  // 'https://' (or occasionally 'git://' or 'ftp://' where appropriate).
+  optional string value = 2;
+}
+
+// License type that identifies how the packages may be used.
+enum LicenseType {
+  BY_EXCEPTION_ONLY = 1;
+  NOTICE = 2;
+  PERMISSIVE = 3;
+  RECIPROCAL = 4;
+  RESTRICTED_IF_STATICALLY_LINKED = 5;
+  RESTRICTED = 6;
+  UNENCUMBERED = 7;
+}
+
+// Identifies security related metadata including risk category and any special
+// instructions for using the package.
+message Security {
+  // Security risk category for a package, as determined by an ISE-TPS review.
+  enum Category {
+    CATEGORY_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+
+    // Package should only be used in a sandboxed environment.
+    // Package should have restricted visibility.
+    SANDBOXED_ONLY = 1;
+
+    // Package should not be used to process user content. It is considered
+    // safe to use to process trusted data only. Package should have restricted
+    // visibility.
+    TRUSTED_DATA_ONLY = 2;
+
+    // Package is considered safe to use.
+    REVIEWED_AND_SECURE = 3;
+  }
+
+  // Identifies the security risk category for the package.  This will be
+  // provided by the ISE-TPS team as the result of a security review of the
+  // package.
+  optional Category category = 1;
+
+  // An additional security note for the package.
+  optional string note = 2;
+
+  // Text tag to categorize the package. It's currently used by security to:
+  // - to disable OSV (https://osv.dev)
+  // support via the `OSV:disable` tag
+  // - to attach CPE to their corresponding packages, for vulnerability
+  // monitoring:
+  //
+  // Please do document your usecase here should you want to add one.
+  repeated string tag = 3;
+
+  // ID of advisories fixed with a mitigated patch, for example CVE-2018-1111.
+  repeated string mitigated_security_patch = 4;
+}
+
+enum DirectoryType {
+  UNDEFINED = 0;
+
+  // This directory represents a package.
+  PACKAGE = 1;
+
+  // This directory is designed to organize multiple third-party PACKAGE
+  // directories.
+  GROUP = 2;
+
+  // This directory contains several PACKAGE directories representing
+  // different versions of the same third-party project.
+  VERSIONS = 3;
+}
+
+// Represents a whole or partial calendar date, such as a birthday. The time of
+// day and time zone are either specified elsewhere or are insignificant. The
+// date is relative to the Gregorian Calendar. This can represent one of the
+// following:
+//
+// * A full date, with non-zero year, month, and day values.
+// * A month and day, with a zero year (for example, an anniversary).
+// * A year on its own, with a zero month and a zero day.
+// * A year and month, with a zero day (for example, a credit card expiration
+//   date).
+message Date {
+  // Year of the date. Must be from 1 to 9999, or 0 to specify a date without
+  // a year.
+  optional int32 year = 1;
+  // Month of a year. Must be from 1 to 12, or 0 to specify a year without a
+  // month and day.
+  optional int32 month = 2;
+  // Day of a month. Must be from 1 to 31 and valid for the year and month, or 0
+  // to specify a year by itself or a year and month where the day isn't
+  // significant.
+  optional int32 day = 3;
+}
+
+// Reference to external SBOM document and element corresponding to the package.
+// See https://spdx.github.io/spdx-spec/v2.3/document-creation-information/#66-external-document-references-field
+message SBOMRef {
+  // The URL that points to the SBOM document of the upstream package of this
+  // third_party package.
+  optional string url = 1;
+  // Checksum of the SBOM document the url field points to.
+  // Format: e.g. SHA1:<checksum>, or any algorithm defined in
+  // https://spdx.github.io/spdx-spec/v2.3/file-information/#8.4
+  optional string checksum = 2;
+  // SPDXID of the upstream package/file defined in the SBOM document the url field points to.
+  // Format: SPDXRef-[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+, see
+  // https://spdx.github.io/spdx-spec/v2.3/package-information/#72-package-spdx-identifier-field or
+  // https://spdx.github.io/spdx-spec/v2.3/file-information/#82-file-spdx-identifier-field
+  optional string element_id = 3;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/Android.bp b/tools/releasetools/Android.bp
index 29fc771..094ffe1 100644
--- a/tools/releasetools/Android.bp
+++ b/tools/releasetools/Android.bp
@@ -598,6 +598,7 @@
         "testdata/**/*",
         ":com.android.apex.compressed.v1",
         ":com.android.apex.compressed.v1_original",
+        ":com.android.apex.vendor.foo.with_vintf"
     ],
     target: {
         darwin: {
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/common.py b/tools/releasetools/common.py
index 8d16ca0..7805599 100644
--- a/tools/releasetools/common.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/common.py
@@ -2121,9 +2121,7 @@
   if info_dict is None:
     info_dict = LoadInfoDict(input_zip)
 
-  is_sparse = info_dict.get("extfs_sparse_flag")
-  if info_dict.get(which + "_disable_sparse"):
-    is_sparse = False
+  is_sparse = IsSparseImage(os.path.join(tmpdir, "IMAGES", which + ".img"))
 
   # When target uses 'BOARD_EXT4_SHARE_DUP_BLOCKS := true', images may contain
   # shared blocks (i.e. some blocks will show up in multiple files' block
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files.py b/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files.py
index 78c1c2f..043f6ee 100755
--- a/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files.py
@@ -897,6 +897,10 @@
           (source_info is not None and not source_info.is_vabc_xor):
     logger.info("VABC XOR Not supported, disabling")
     OPTIONS.enable_vabc_xor = False
+
+  if OPTIONS.vabc_compression_param == "none":
+    logger.info("VABC Compression algorithm is set to 'none', disabling VABC xor")
+    OPTIONS.enable_vabc_xor = False
   additional_args = []
 
   # Prepare custom images.
@@ -927,7 +931,7 @@
   # Metadata to comply with Android OTA package format.
   metadata = GetPackageMetadata(target_info, source_info)
   # Generate payload.
-  payload = PayloadGenerator(OPTIONS.include_secondary, OPTIONS.wipe_user_data)
+  payload = PayloadGenerator(wipe_user_data=OPTIONS.wipe_user_data)
 
   partition_timestamps_flags = []
   # Enforce a max timestamp this payload can be applied on top of.
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/test_check_target_files_vintf.py b/tools/releasetools/test_check_target_files_vintf.py
index 8725dd6..7c154d7 100644
--- a/tools/releasetools/test_check_target_files_vintf.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/test_check_target_files_vintf.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #
 
 import os.path
+import shutil
 
 import common
 import test_utils
@@ -86,6 +87,28 @@
 
     return test_dir
 
+  # Prepare test dir with required HAL for APEX testing
+  def prepare_apex_test_dir(self, test_delta_rel_path):
+    test_dir = self.prepare_test_dir(test_delta_rel_path)
+    write_string_to_file(
+        """<compatibility-matrix version="1.0" level="1" type="framework">
+            <hal format="aidl" optional="false" updatable-via-apex="true">
+                <name>android.apex.foo</name>
+                <version>1</version>
+                <interface>
+                    <name>IApex</name>
+                    <instance>default</instance>
+                </interface>
+            </hal>
+            <sepolicy>
+                <sepolicy-version>0.0</sepolicy-version>
+                <kernel-sepolicy-version>0</kernel-sepolicy-version>
+            </sepolicy>
+        </compatibility-matrix>""",
+        os.path.join(test_dir, 'SYSTEM/etc/vintf/compatibility_matrix.1.xml'))
+
+    return test_dir
+
   @test_utils.SkipIfExternalToolsUnavailable()
   def test_CheckVintf_skeleton(self):
     msg = 'vintf check with skeleton target files failed.'
@@ -143,3 +166,25 @@
                          os.path.join(test_dir, 'VENDOR/etc/vintf/manifest.xml'))
     # Should raise an error because a file has invalid format.
     self.assertRaises(common.ExternalError, CheckVintf, test_dir)
+
+  @test_utils.SkipIfExternalToolsUnavailable()
+  def test_CheckVintf_apex_compat(self):
+    apex_file_name = 'com.android.apex.vendor.foo.with_vintf.apex'
+    msg = 'vintf/apex_compat should be compatible because ' \
+          'APEX %s has the required HALs' % (apex_file_name)
+    test_dir = self.prepare_apex_test_dir('vintf/apex_compat')
+    # Copy APEX under VENDOR/apex
+    apex_file = os.path.join(test_utils.get_current_dir(), apex_file_name)
+    apex_dir = os.path.join(test_dir, 'VENDOR/apex')
+    os.makedirs(apex_dir)
+    shutil.copy(apex_file, apex_dir)
+    # Should find required HAL via APEX
+    self.assertTrue(CheckVintf(test_dir), msg=msg)
+
+  @test_utils.SkipIfExternalToolsUnavailable()
+  def test_CheckVintf_apex_incompat(self):
+    msg = 'vintf/apex_incompat should be incompatible because ' \
+          'no APEX data'
+    test_dir = self.prepare_apex_test_dir('vintf/apex_incompat')
+    # Should not find required HAL
+    self.assertFalse(CheckVintf(test_dir), msg=msg)