diff --git a/core/tasks/vndk.mk b/core/tasks/vndk.mk
index b9133df..ba48df7 100644
--- a/core/tasks/vndk.mk
+++ b/core/tasks/vndk.mk
@@ -36,38 +36,38 @@
 )
 endef
 
-# Returns list of file paths of the intermediate objs
+# Returns list of src:dest paths of the intermediate objs
 #
 # Args:
 #   $(1): list of module and filename pairs (e.g., ld.config.txt:ld.config.27.txt ...)
-#   $(2): target class (e.g., SHARED_LIBRARIES, STATIC_LIBRARIES, ETC)
-#   $(3): if not empty, evaluates for TARGET_2ND_ARCH
+#   $(2): if not empty, evaluates for TARGET_2ND_ARCH
 define paths-of-intermediates
 $(strip \
   $(foreach pair,$(1), \
-    $(eval split_pair := $(subst :,$(space),$(pair))) \
-    $(eval module := $(word 1,$(split_pair))) \
-    $(eval filename := $(word 2,$(split_pair))) \
-    $(eval dir := $(call intermediates-dir-for,$(2),$(module),,,$(3))) \
-    $(call append-path,$(dir),$(filename)) \
+    $(eval module := $(call word-colon,1,$(pair))$(if $(2),$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_MODULE_SUFFIX))) \
+    $(eval built := $(ALL_MODULES.$(module).BUILT_INSTALLED)) \
+    $(eval filename := $(call word-colon,2,$(pair))) \
+    $(if $(wordlist 2,100,$(built)), \
+      $(error Unable to handle multiple built files ($(module)): $(built))) \
+    $(if $(built),$(call word-colon,1,$(built)):$(filename)) \
   ) \
 )
 endef
 
-# Returns paths of notice files under $(TARGET_OUT_NOTICE_FILES)
+# Returns src:dest list of notice files
 #
 # Args:
 #   $(1): list of lib names (e.g., libfoo.vendor)
-#   $(2): vndk lib type, one of 'vndk' or 'vndk-sp'
 define paths-of-notice-files
 $(strip \
-  $(eval lib_dir := lib$(if $(TARGET_IS_64BIT),64,)) \
-  $(eval vndk_dir := $(2)-$(PLATFORM_VNDK_VERSION)) \
   $(foreach lib,$(1), \
-    $(eval notice_file_name := $(patsubst %.vendor,%.so.txt,$(lib))) \
-    $(TARGET_OUT_NOTICE_FILES)/src/system/$(lib_dir)/$(vndk_dir)/$(notice_file_name) \
-  ) \
-)
+    $(eval notice := $(sort \
+      $(ALL_MODULES.$(lib).NOTICES) \
+      $(if $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH),
+        $(ALL_MODULES.$(lib)$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_MODULE_SUFFIX).NOTICES)))) \
+    $(if $(wordlist 2,100,$(notice)), \
+      $(error Unable to handle multiple notice files ($(lib)): $(notice))) \
+    $(if $(notice),$(notice):$(subst .vendor,,$(lib)).so.txt)))
 endef
 
 # If in the future libclang_rt.ubsan* is removed from the VNDK-core list,
@@ -103,34 +103,37 @@
 #######################################
 # vndkcore.libraries.txt
 vndkcore.libraries.txt := $(vndk_snapshot_configs_out)/vndkcore.libraries.txt
-$(vndkcore.libraries.txt): $(vndk_core_libs)
+$(vndkcore.libraries.txt): PRIVATE_LIBS := $(vndk_core_libs)
+$(vndkcore.libraries.txt):
 	@echo 'Generating: $@'
 	@rm -f $@
 	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
 	$(hide) echo -n > $@
-	$(hide) $(foreach lib,$^,echo $(patsubst %.vendor,%,$(lib)).so >> $@;)
+	$(hide) $(foreach lib,$(PRIVATE_LIBS),echo $(patsubst %.vendor,%,$(lib)).so >> $@;)
 
 
 #######################################
 # vndkprivate.libraries.txt
 vndkprivate.libraries.txt := $(vndk_snapshot_configs_out)/vndkprivate.libraries.txt
-$(vndkprivate.libraries.txt): $(vndk_private_libs)
+$(vndkprivate.libraries.txt): PRIVATE_LIBS := $(vndk_private_libs)
+$(vndkprivate.libraries.txt):
 	@echo 'Generating: $@'
 	@rm -f $@
 	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
 	$(hide) echo -n > $@
-	$(hide) $(foreach lib,$^,echo $(patsubst %.vendor,%,$(lib)).so >> $@;)
+	$(hide) $(foreach lib,$(PRIVATE_LIBS),echo $(patsubst %.vendor,%,$(lib)).so >> $@;)
 
 
 #######################################
 # module_paths.txt
 module_paths.txt := $(vndk_snapshot_configs_out)/module_paths.txt
-$(module_paths.txt): $(vndk_snapshot_libs)
+$(module_paths.txt): PRIVATE_LIBS := $(vndk_snapshot_libs)
+$(module_paths.txt):
 	@echo 'Generating: $@'
 	@rm -f $@
 	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
 	$(hide) echo -n > $@
-	$(hide) $(foreach lib,$^,echo $(patsubst %.vendor,%,$(lib)).so $(ALL_MODULES.$(lib).PATH) >> $@;)
+	$(hide) $(foreach lib,$(PRIVATE_LIBS),echo $(patsubst %.vendor,%,$(lib)).so $(ALL_MODULES.$(lib).PATH) >> $@;)
 
 
 vndk_snapshot_configs := \
@@ -151,70 +154,76 @@
 
 $(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_SNAPSHOT_OUT := $(vndk_snapshot_out)
 
+deps := $(call paths-of-intermediates,$(foreach lib,$(vndk_core_libs),$(lib):$(subst .vendor,,$(lib)).so))
 $(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_OUT := $(vndk_lib_dir)/shared/vndk-core
-$(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_INTERMEDIATES := \
-  $(call paths-of-intermediates,$(foreach lib,$(vndk_core_libs),$(lib):$(lib).so),SHARED_LIBRARIES)
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_INTERMEDIATES := $(deps)
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): $(foreach d,$(deps),$(call word-colon,1,$(d)))
+deps :=
 
+deps := $(call paths-of-intermediates,$(foreach lib,$(vndk_sp_libs),$(lib):$(subst .vendor,,$(lib)).so))
 $(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_SP_OUT := $(vndk_lib_dir)/shared/vndk-sp
-$(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_SP_INTERMEDIATES := \
-  $(call paths-of-intermediates,$(foreach lib,$(vndk_sp_libs),$(lib):$(lib).so),SHARED_LIBRARIES)
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_SP_INTERMEDIATES := $(deps)
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): $(foreach d,$(deps),$(call word-colon,1,$(d)))
+deps :=
 
+deps := $(call paths-of-intermediates,$(foreach txt,$(vndk_prebuilt_txts), \
+          $(txt):$(patsubst %.txt,%.$(PLATFORM_VNDK_VERSION).txt,$(txt)))) \
+        $(foreach config,$(vndk_snapshot_configs),$(config):$(notdir $(config)))
 $(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_CONFIGS_OUT := $(vndk_snapshot_variant)/configs
-$(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_CONFIGS_INTERMEDIATES := \
-  $(call paths-of-intermediates,$(foreach txt,$(vndk_prebuilt_txts), \
-    $(txt):$(patsubst %.txt,%.$(PLATFORM_VNDK_VERSION).txt,$(txt))),ETC) \
-  $(vndk_snapshot_configs)
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_CONFIGS_INTERMEDIATES := $(deps)
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): $(foreach d,$(deps),$(call word-colon,1,$(d)))
+deps :=
 
+notices := $(call paths-of-notice-files,$(vndk_core_libs) $(vndk_sp_libs))
 $(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_NOTICE_FILES_OUT := $(vndk_snapshot_variant)/NOTICE_FILES
-$(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_NOTICE_FILES_INTERMEDIATES := \
-  $(call paths-of-notice-files,$(vndk_core_libs),vndk) \
-  $(call paths-of-notice-files,$(vndk_sp_libs),vndk-sp)
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_NOTICE_FILES_INTERMEDIATES := $(notices)
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): $(foreach n,$(notices),$(call word-colon,1,$(n)))
+notices :=
 
 ifdef TARGET_2ND_ARCH
+deps := $(call paths-of-intermediates,$(foreach lib,$(vndk_core_libs),$(lib):$(subst .vendor,,$(lib)).so),true)
 $(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_OUT_2ND := $(vndk_lib_dir_2nd)/shared/vndk-core
-$(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_INTERMEDIATES_2ND := \
-  $(call paths-of-intermediates,$(foreach lib,$(vndk_core_libs),$(lib):$(lib).so),SHARED_LIBRARIES,true)
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_INTERMEDIATES_2ND := $(deps)
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): $(foreach d,$(deps),$(call word-colon,1,$(d)))
+deps :=
 
+deps := $(call paths-of-intermediates,$(foreach lib,$(vndk_sp_libs),$(lib):$(subst .vendor,,$(lib)).so),true)
 $(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_SP_OUT_2ND := $(vndk_lib_dir_2nd)/shared/vndk-sp
-$(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_SP_INTERMEDIATES_2ND := \
-  $(call paths-of-intermediates,$(foreach lib,$(vndk_sp_libs),$(lib):$(lib).so),SHARED_LIBRARIES,true)
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_SP_INTERMEDIATES_2ND := $(deps)
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): $(foreach d,$(deps),$(call word-colon,1,$(d)))
+deps :=
 endif
 
 # Args
 #   $(1): destination directory
-#   $(2): list of files to copy
-$(vndk_snapshot_zip): private-copy-vndk-intermediates = \
+#   $(2): list of files (src:dest) to copy
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): private-copy-intermediates = \
   $(if $(2),$(strip \
-    @mkdir -p $(1); \
+    @mkdir -p $(1) && \
     $(foreach file,$(2), \
-      if [ -e $(file) ]; then \
-        cp -p $(file) $(call append-path,$(1),$(subst .vendor,,$(notdir $(file)))); \
-      fi; \
+      cp $(call word-colon,1,$(file)) $(call append-path,$(1),$(call word-colon,2,$(file))) && \
     ) \
+    true \
   ))
 
-vndk_snapshot_dependencies := \
-  $(vndk_snapshot_libs) \
-  $(vndk_prebuilt_txts) \
-  $(vndk_snapshot_configs)
 
-$(vndk_snapshot_zip): $(vndk_snapshot_dependencies) $(SOONG_ZIP)
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): $(SOONG_ZIP)
 	@echo 'Generating VNDK snapshot: $@'
 	@rm -f $@
 	@rm -rf $(PRIVATE_VNDK_SNAPSHOT_OUT)
 	@mkdir -p $(PRIVATE_VNDK_SNAPSHOT_OUT)
-	$(call private-copy-vndk-intermediates, \
+	$(call private-copy-intermediates, \
 		$(PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_OUT),$(PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_INTERMEDIATES))
-	$(call private-copy-vndk-intermediates, \
+	$(call private-copy-intermediates, \
 		$(PRIVATE_VNDK_SP_OUT),$(PRIVATE_VNDK_SP_INTERMEDIATES))
-	$(call private-copy-vndk-intermediates, \
+	$(call private-copy-intermediates, \
 		$(PRIVATE_CONFIGS_OUT),$(PRIVATE_CONFIGS_INTERMEDIATES))
-	$(call private-copy-vndk-intermediates, \
+	$(call private-copy-intermediates, \
 		$(PRIVATE_NOTICE_FILES_OUT),$(PRIVATE_NOTICE_FILES_INTERMEDIATES))
 ifdef TARGET_2ND_ARCH
-	$(call private-copy-vndk-intermediates, \
+	$(call private-copy-intermediates, \
 		$(PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_OUT_2ND),$(PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_INTERMEDIATES_2ND))
-	$(call private-copy-vndk-intermediates, \
+	$(call private-copy-intermediates, \
 		$(PRIVATE_VNDK_SP_OUT_2ND),$(PRIVATE_VNDK_SP_INTERMEDIATES_2ND))
 endif
 	$(hide) $(SOONG_ZIP) -o $@ -C $(PRIVATE_VNDK_SNAPSHOT_OUT) -D $(PRIVATE_VNDK_SNAPSHOT_OUT)
@@ -240,7 +249,6 @@
 binder :=
 vndk_lib_dir :=
 vndk_lib_dir_2nd :=
-vndk_snapshot_dependencies :=
 
 else # BOARD_VNDK_RUNTIME_DISABLE is set to 'true'
 error_msg := "CANNOT generate VNDK snapshot. BOARD_VNDK_RUNTIME_DISABLE must not be set to 'true'."