diff --git a/core/base_rules.mk b/core/base_rules.mk
index 65ec2f4..32c5807 100644
--- a/core/base_rules.mk
+++ b/core/base_rules.mk
@@ -115,12 +115,6 @@
 ifeq ($(my_host_cross),true)
   my_module_tags :=
 endif
-ifeq ($(TARGET_TRANSLATE_2ND_ARCH),true)
-ifdef LOCAL_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX
-# Don't pull in modules by tags if this is for translation TARGET_2ND_ARCH.
-  my_module_tags :=
-endif
-endif
 
 # Ninja has an implicit dependency on the command being run, and kati will
 # regenerate the ninja manifest if any read makefile changes, so there is no
@@ -204,17 +198,7 @@
 my_32_64_bit_suffix := $(if $($(LOCAL_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)$(my_prefix)IS_64_BIT),64,32)
 
 ifneq (true,$(LOCAL_UNINSTALLABLE_MODULE))
-ifeq ($(TARGET_TRANSLATE_2ND_ARCH),true)
-# When in TARGET_TRANSLATE_2ND_ARCH both TARGET_ARCH and TARGET_2ND_ARCH are 32-bit,
-# to avoid path conflict we force using LOCAL_MODULE_PATH_64 for the first arch.
-ifdef LOCAL_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX
-my_multilib_module_path := $(LOCAL_MODULE_PATH_32)
-else  # ! LOCAL_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX
-my_multilib_module_path := $(LOCAL_MODULE_PATH_64)
-endif  # ! LOCAL_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX
-else  # ! TARGET_TRANSLATE_2ND_ARCH
 my_multilib_module_path := $(strip $(LOCAL_MODULE_PATH_$(my_32_64_bit_suffix)))
-endif # ! TARGET_TRANSLATE_2ND_ARCH
 ifdef my_multilib_module_path
 my_module_path := $(my_multilib_module_path)
 else
diff --git a/core/dex_preopt_libart.mk b/core/dex_preopt_libart.mk
index 85f2f3b..79d5f8c 100644
--- a/core/dex_preopt_libart.mk
+++ b/core/dex_preopt_libart.mk
@@ -21,10 +21,8 @@
 	mkdir -p $(dir $@)/$(TARGET_ARCH)
 	ln -sfn ../$(notdir $@) $(dir $@)/$(TARGET_ARCH)
 ifdef TARGET_2ND_ARCH
-  ifneq ($(TARGET_TRANSLATE_2ND_ARCH),true)
 	mkdir -p $(dir $@)/$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH)
 	ln -sfn ../$(notdir $@) $(dir $@)/$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH)
-  endif
 endif
 
 my_dexpreopt_image_extra_deps := $(firstword $(my_installed))
@@ -33,10 +31,8 @@
 include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/dex_preopt_libart_boot.mk
 
 ifdef TARGET_2ND_ARCH
-  ifneq ($(TARGET_TRANSLATE_2ND_ARCH),true)
-    my_2nd_arch_prefix := $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)
-    include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/dex_preopt_libart_boot.mk
-  endif
+  my_2nd_arch_prefix := $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)
+  include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/dex_preopt_libart_boot.mk
 endif
 
 my_2nd_arch_prefix :=
diff --git a/core/envsetup.mk b/core/envsetup.mk
index 88bf352..9901ee1 100644
--- a/core/envsetup.mk
+++ b/core/envsetup.mk
@@ -500,12 +500,7 @@
 .KATI_READONLY := TARGET_OUT_SYSTEM_OTHER
 
 # Out for TARGET_2ND_ARCH
-ifeq ($(TARGET_TRANSLATE_2ND_ARCH),true)
-# With this you can reference the arm binary translation library with libfoo_arm in PRODUCT_PACKAGES.
-TARGET_2ND_ARCH_MODULE_SUFFIX := _$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH)
-else
 TARGET_2ND_ARCH_MODULE_SUFFIX := $(HOST_2ND_ARCH_MODULE_SUFFIX)
-endif
 .KATI_READONLY := TARGET_2ND_ARCH_MODULE_SUFFIX
 
 ifneq ($(filter address,$(SANITIZE_TARGET)),)
@@ -513,11 +508,7 @@
 else
   $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_INTERMEDIATES := $(PRODUCT_OUT)/obj_$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH)
 endif
-ifeq ($(TARGET_TRANSLATE_2ND_ARCH),true)
-$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(target_out_shared_libraries_base)/lib/$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH)
-else
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(target_out_shared_libraries_base)/lib
-endif
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_RENDERSCRIPT_BITCODE := $($(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_SHARED_LIBRARIES)
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_EXECUTABLES := $(TARGET_OUT_EXECUTABLES)
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_APPS := $(TARGET_OUT_APPS)
@@ -582,17 +573,10 @@
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_DATA_EXECUTABLES := $(TARGET_OUT_DATA_EXECUTABLES)
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_DATA_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $($(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_SHARED_LIBRARIES)
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_DATA_APPS := $(TARGET_OUT_DATA_APPS)
-ifeq ($(TARGET_TRANSLATE_2ND_ARCH),true)
-$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_DATA_NATIVE_TESTS := $(TARGET_OUT_DATA)/nativetest/$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH)
-$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_DATA_METRIC_TESTS := $(TARGET_OUT_DATA)/benchmarktest/$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH)
-$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_VENDOR_NATIVE_TESTS := $(TARGET_OUT_DATA)/nativetest/$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH)$(TARGET_VENDOR_TEST_SUFFIX)
-$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_VENDOR_METRIC_TESTS := $(TARGET_OUT_DATA)/benchmarktest/$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH)$(TARGET_VENDOR_TEST_SUFFIX)
-else
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_DATA_NATIVE_TESTS := $(TARGET_OUT_DATA)/nativetest
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_DATA_METRIC_TESTS := $(TARGET_OUT_DATA)/benchmarktest
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_VENDOR_NATIVE_TESTS := $(TARGET_OUT_DATA)/nativetest$(TARGET_VENDOR_TEST_SUFFIX)
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_VENDOR_METRIC_TESTS := $(TARGET_OUT_DATA)/benchmarktest$(TARGET_VENDOR_TEST_SUFFIX)
-endif
 .KATI_READONLY := \
   $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_DATA_EXECUTABLES \
   $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_DATA_SHARED_LIBRARIES \
@@ -644,11 +628,7 @@
   TARGET_OUT_VENDOR_ETC
 
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_VENDOR_EXECUTABLES := $(TARGET_OUT_VENDOR_EXECUTABLES)
-ifeq ($(TARGET_TRANSLATE_2ND_ARCH),true)
-$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_VENDOR_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(target_out_vendor_shared_libraries_base)/lib/$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH)
-else
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_VENDOR_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(target_out_vendor_shared_libraries_base)/lib
-endif
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_VENDOR_RENDERSCRIPT_BITCODE := $($(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_VENDOR_SHARED_LIBRARIES)
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_VENDOR_APPS := $(TARGET_OUT_VENDOR_APPS)
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_VENDOR_APPS_PRIVILEGED := $(TARGET_OUT_VENDOR_APPS_PRIVILEGED)
@@ -678,11 +658,7 @@
   TARGET_OUT_OEM_ETC
 
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_OEM_EXECUTABLES := $(TARGET_OUT_OEM_EXECUTABLES)
-ifeq ($(TARGET_TRANSLATE_2ND_ARCH),true)
-$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_OEM_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(TARGET_OUT_OEM)/lib/$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH)
-else
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_OEM_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(TARGET_OUT_OEM)/lib
-endif
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_OEM_APPS := $(TARGET_OUT_OEM_APPS)
 .KATI_READONLY := \
   $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_OEM_EXECUTABLES \
@@ -728,11 +704,7 @@
   TARGET_OUT_ODM_ETC
 
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_ODM_EXECUTABLES := $(TARGET_OUT_ODM_EXECUTABLES)
-ifeq ($(TARGET_TRANSLATE_2ND_ARCH),true)
-$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_ODM_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(target_out_odm_shared_libraries_base)/lib/$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH)
-else
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_ODM_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(target_out_odm_shared_libraries_base)/lib
-endif
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_ODM_RENDERSCRIPT_BITCODE := $($(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_ODM_SHARED_LIBRARIES)
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_ODM_APPS := $(TARGET_OUT_ODM_APPS)
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_ODM_APPS_PRIVILEGED := $(TARGET_OUT_ODM_APPS_PRIVILEGED)
@@ -778,11 +750,7 @@
   TARGET_OUT_PRODUCT_ETC
 
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_PRODUCT_EXECUTABLES := $(TARGET_OUT_PRODUCT_EXECUTABLES)
-ifeq ($(TARGET_TRANSLATE_2ND_ARCH),true)
-$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_PRODUCT_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(target_out_product_shared_libraries_base)/lib/$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH)
-else
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_PRODUCT_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(target_out_product_shared_libraries_base)/lib
-endif
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_PRODUCT_APPS := $(TARGET_OUT_PRODUCT_APPS)
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_PRODUCT_APPS_PRIVILEGED := $(TARGET_OUT_PRODUCT_APPS_PRIVILEGED)
 .KATI_READONLY := \
@@ -825,11 +793,7 @@
   TARGET_OUT_SYSTEM_EXT_ETC
 
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_SYSTEM_EXT_EXECUTABLES := $(TARGET_OUT_SYSTEM_EXT_EXECUTABLES)
-ifeq ($(TARGET_TRANSLATE_2ND_ARCH),true)
-$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_SYSTEM_EXT_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(target_out_system_ext_shared_libraries_base)/lib/$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH)
-else
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_SYSTEM_EXT_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(target_out_system_ext_shared_libraries_base)/lib
-endif
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_SYSTEM_EXT_APPS := $(TARGET_OUT_SYSTEM_EXT_APPS)
 $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX)TARGET_OUT_SYSTEM_EXT_APPS_PRIVILEGED := $(TARGET_OUT_SYSTEM_EXT_APPS_PRIVILEGED)
 .KATI_READONLY := \
diff --git a/core/executable.mk b/core/executable.mk
index e71ff33..c8d9272 100644
--- a/core/executable.mk
+++ b/core/executable.mk
@@ -20,15 +20,6 @@
 ifneq (true,$(my_skip_this_target))
 $(call record-module-type,EXECUTABLE)
 
-ifeq ($(TARGET_TRANSLATE_2ND_ARCH),true)
-# If a native test explicity specifies to build only for the translation arch,
-# we'll still need LOCAL_MULTILIB=both and let module_arch_supported.mk choose
-# to build only for TARGET_2ND_ARCH.
-ifneq (1,$(words $(LOCAL_MODULE_TARGET_ARCH)))
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := first
-endif
-endif
-
 my_prefix := TARGET_
 include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/multilib.mk
 
diff --git a/core/main.mk b/core/main.mk
index b91770b..1b2b3e6 100644
--- a/core/main.mk
+++ b/core/main.mk
@@ -490,7 +490,6 @@
 #
 # Resolve the required module name to 32-bit or 64-bit variant.
 # Get a list of corresponding 32-bit module names, if one exists.
-ifneq ($(TARGET_TRANSLATE_2ND_ARCH),true)
 define get-32-bit-modules
 $(sort $(foreach m,$(1),\
   $(if $(ALL_MODULES.$(m)$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_MODULE_SUFFIX).CLASS),\
@@ -504,15 +503,6 @@
     $(m)$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_MODULE_SUFFIX), \
     $(m))))
 endef
-else  # TARGET_TRANSLATE_2ND_ARCH
-# For binary translation config, by default only install the first arch.
-define get-32-bit-modules
-endef
-
-define get-32-bit-modules-if-we-can
-$(strip $(1))
-endef
-endif  # TARGET_TRANSLATE_2ND_ARCH
 
 # TODO: we can probably check to see if these modules are actually host
 # modules
@@ -1494,7 +1484,7 @@
 # -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 .PHONY: checkbuild
-checkbuild: $(modules_to_check) droid_targets
+checkbuild: $(modules_to_check) droid_targets check-elf-files
 
 ifeq (true,$(ANDROID_BUILD_EVERYTHING_BY_DEFAULT))
 droid: checkbuild
diff --git a/core/package.mk b/core/package.mk
index 854e009..6bde485 100644
--- a/core/package.mk
+++ b/core/package.mk
@@ -7,14 +7,6 @@
 my_prefix := TARGET_
 include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/multilib.mk
 
-ifeq ($(TARGET_TRANSLATE_2ND_ARCH),true)
-  ifeq ($(TARGET_SUPPORTS_64_BIT_APPS),true)
-    my_module_multilib := first
-  else ifneq ($(my_module_multilib),64)
-    my_module_multilib := first
-  endif
-endif
-
 ifeq ($(TARGET_SUPPORTS_32_BIT_APPS)|$(TARGET_SUPPORTS_64_BIT_APPS),true|true)
   # packages default to building for either architecture,
   # the preferred if its supported, otherwise the non-preferred.
diff --git a/core/prebuilt.mk b/core/prebuilt.mk
index 9d284fb..4512cd9 100644
--- a/core/prebuilt.mk
+++ b/core/prebuilt.mk
@@ -12,13 +12,6 @@
   LOCAL_HOST_PREFIX :=
 else
   my_prefix := TARGET_
-
-  ifeq ($(TARGET_TRANSLATE_2ND_ARCH),true)
-    # Only support prebuilt shared and static libraries for translated arch
-    ifeq ($(filter SHARED_LIBRARIES STATIC_LIBRARIES NATIVE_TESTS,$(LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS)),)
-      LOCAL_MULTILIB := first
-    endif
-  endif
 endif
 
 include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/multilib.mk
diff --git a/core/soong_cc_prebuilt.mk b/core/soong_cc_prebuilt.mk
index 34dd3e8..09eb419 100644
--- a/core/soong_cc_prebuilt.mk
+++ b/core/soong_cc_prebuilt.mk
@@ -31,20 +31,6 @@
   $(call pretty-error,Unsupported LOCAL_MODULE_$(my_prefix)ARCH=$(LOCAL_MODULE_$(my_prefix)ARCH))
 endif
 
-skip_module :=
-ifeq ($(TARGET_TRANSLATE_2ND_ARCH),true)
-  ifndef LOCAL_IS_HOST_MODULE
-    ifdef LOCAL_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX
-      # Only support shared and static libraries and tests for translated arch
-      ifeq ($(filter SHARED_LIBRARIES STATIC_LIBRARIES HEADER_LIBRARIES NATIVE_TESTS,$(LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS)),)
-        skip_module := true
-      endif
-    endif
-  endif
-endif
-
-ifndef skip_module
-
 # Don't install static libraries by default.
 ifndef LOCAL_UNINSTALLABLE_MODULE
   ifeq (STATIC_LIBRARIES,$(LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS))
@@ -233,7 +219,3 @@
 
 $(notice_target): | $(installed_static_library_notice_file_targets)
 $(LOCAL_INSTALLED_MODULE): | $(notice_target)
-
-endif # !skip_module
-
-skip_module :=
diff --git a/core/soong_rust_prebuilt.mk b/core/soong_rust_prebuilt.mk
index ea43078..23d18c4 100644
--- a/core/soong_rust_prebuilt.mk
+++ b/core/soong_rust_prebuilt.mk
@@ -28,21 +28,6 @@
   $(call pretty-error,Unsupported LOCAL_MODULE_$(my_prefix)ARCH=$(LOCAL_MODULE_$(my_prefix)ARCH))
 endif
 
-skip_module :=
-ifeq ($(TARGET_TRANSLATE_2ND_ARCH),true)
-  ifndef LOCAL_IS_HOST_MODULE
-    ifdef LOCAL_2ND_ARCH_VAR_PREFIX
-      # Only support rlib and dylib libraries for translated arch
-      ifeq ($(filter RLIB_LIBRARIES DYLIB_LIBRARIES PROC_MACRO_LIBRARIES,$(LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS)),)
-        skip_module := true
-      endif
-    endif
-  endif
-endif
-
-
-ifndef skip_module
-
 # Don't install rlib/proc_macro libraries.
 ifndef LOCAL_UNINSTALLABLE_MODULE
   ifneq ($(filter RLIB_LIBRARIES PROC_MACRO_LIBRARIES,$(LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS)),)
@@ -121,7 +106,3 @@
 
 $(notice_target): | $(installed_static_library_notice_file_targets)
 $(LOCAL_INSTALLED_MODULE): | $(notice_target)
-endif # !skip_module
-
-skip_module :=
-
diff --git a/target/board/BoardConfigEmuCommon.mk b/target/board/BoardConfigEmuCommon.mk
index f941918..d11f9d2 100644
--- a/target/board/BoardConfigEmuCommon.mk
+++ b/target/board/BoardConfigEmuCommon.mk
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@
 BOARD_USES_GENERIC_AUDIO := true
 TARGET_BOOTLOADER_BOARD_NAME := goldfish_$(TARGET_ARCH)
 
+# No Kernel
+TARGET_NO_KERNEL := true
+
 # no hardware camera
 USE_CAMERA_STUB := true
 
@@ -48,6 +51,8 @@
     TARGET_COPY_OUT_SYSTEM_EXT := system_ext
     BOARD_SYSTEM_EXTIMAGE_FILE_SYSTEM_TYPE := ext4
   else
+    TARGET_COPY_OUT_PRODUCT := system/product
+    TARGET_COPY_OUT_SYSTEM_EXT := system/system_ext
     BOARD_EMULATOR_DYNAMIC_PARTITIONS_PARTITION_LIST := \
         system \
         vendor
@@ -69,6 +74,12 @@
   BOARD_VENDORIMAGE_PARTITION_SIZE := 146800640
 endif
 
+# Enable chain partition for system.
+BOARD_AVB_SYSTEM_KEY_PATH := external/avb/test/data/testkey_rsa2048.pem
+BOARD_AVB_SYSTEM_ALGORITHM := SHA256_RSA2048
+BOARD_AVB_SYSTEM_ROLLBACK_INDEX := $(PLATFORM_SECURITY_PATCH_TIMESTAMP)
+BOARD_AVB_SYSTEM_ROLLBACK_INDEX_LOCATION := 1
+
 BOARD_VENDORIMAGE_FILE_SYSTEM_TYPE := ext4
 BOARD_FLASH_BLOCK_SIZE := 512
 DEVICE_MATRIX_FILE   := device/generic/goldfish/compatibility_matrix.xml
diff --git a/target/board/BoardConfigGsiCommon.mk b/target/board/BoardConfigGsiCommon.mk
index 4c783c0..61aa67c 100644
--- a/target/board/BoardConfigGsiCommon.mk
+++ b/target/board/BoardConfigGsiCommon.mk
@@ -33,12 +33,6 @@
 #   updating the last seen rollback index in the tamper-evident storage.
 BOARD_AVB_ROLLBACK_INDEX := 0
 
-# Enable chain partition for system.
-BOARD_AVB_SYSTEM_KEY_PATH := external/avb/test/data/testkey_rsa2048.pem
-BOARD_AVB_SYSTEM_ALGORITHM := SHA256_RSA2048
-BOARD_AVB_SYSTEM_ROLLBACK_INDEX := $(PLATFORM_SECURITY_PATCH_TIMESTAMP)
-BOARD_AVB_SYSTEM_ROLLBACK_INDEX_LOCATION := 1
-
 # GSI specific System Properties
 ifneq (,$(filter userdebug eng,$(TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT)))
 TARGET_SYSTEM_EXT_PROP := build/make/target/board/gsi_system_ext.prop
diff --git a/target/board/generic_x86_arm/BoardConfig.mk b/target/board/generic_x86_arm/BoardConfig.mk
index e879001..3fbf79b 100644
--- a/target/board/generic_x86_arm/BoardConfig.mk
+++ b/target/board/generic_x86_arm/BoardConfig.mk
@@ -25,10 +25,18 @@
 
 BUILD_BROKEN_DUP_RULES := true
 
-
-include build/make/target/board/BoardConfigGsiCommon.mk
+#
+# The inclusion order below is important.
+# The settings in latter makefiles overwrite those in the former.
+#
+include build/make/target/board/BoardConfigMainlineCommon.mk
 include build/make/target/board/BoardConfigEmuCommon.mk
 
+# the settings differ from BoardConfigMainlineCommon.mk
+BOARD_USES_SYSTEM_OTHER_ODEX :=
+BOARD_CACHEIMAGE_FILE_SYSTEM_TYPE := ext4
+BOARD_CACHEIMAGE_PARTITION_SIZE := 16777216
+
 # Resize to 4G to accomodate ASAN and CTS
 BOARD_USERDATAIMAGE_PARTITION_SIZE := 4294967296
 
diff --git a/target/board/generic_x86_arm/device.mk b/target/board/generic_x86_arm/device.mk
index 0a32415..fa1eb67 100644
--- a/target/board/generic_x86_arm/device.mk
+++ b/target/board/generic_x86_arm/device.mk
@@ -13,12 +13,3 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 #
-
-# NFC:
-#   Provide default libnfc-nci.conf file for devices that does not have one in
-#   vendor/etc because aosp system image (of aosp_$arch products) is going to
-#   be used as GSI.
-#   May need to remove the following for newly launched devices in P since this
-#   NFC configuration file should be in vendor/etc, instead of system/etc
-PRODUCT_COPY_FILES += \
-    device/generic/common/nfc/libnfc-nci.conf:system/etc/libnfc-nci.conf
diff --git a/target/product/aosp_x86_arm.mk b/target/product/aosp_x86_arm.mk
index 70aa64e..c0f8f8a 100644
--- a/target/product/aosp_x86_arm.mk
+++ b/target/product/aosp_x86_arm.mk
@@ -16,27 +16,35 @@
 
 PRODUCT_USE_DYNAMIC_PARTITIONS := true
 
-# aosp_x86 with arm libraries needed by binary translation.
+#
+# All components inherited here go to system image
+#
+$(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/product/mainline_system.mk)
 
-# The system image of aosp_x86-userdebug is a GSI for the devices with:
-# - x86 32 bits user space
-# - 64 bits binder interface
-# - system-as-root
-# - VNDK enforcement
-# - compatible property override enabled
+# Enable mainline checking
+ifeq (aosp_x86_arm,$(TARGET_PRODUCT))
+PRODUCT_ENFORCE_ARTIFACT_PATH_REQUIREMENTS := relaxed
+endif
 
--include device/generic/goldfish/x86-vendor.mk
+# TODO (b/138382074): remove following setting after enable product/system_ext
+PRODUCT_ARTIFACT_PATH_REQUIREMENT_WHITELIST += \
+    system/product/% \
+    system/system_ext/%
 
-include $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/product/full_x86.mk
+#
+# All components inherited here go to product image
+#
+$(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/product/aosp_product.mk)
 
-# Enable dynamic partition size
-PRODUCT_USE_DYNAMIC_PARTITION_SIZE := true
+#
+# All components inherited here go to vendor image
+#
+$(call inherit-product-if-exists, device/generic/goldfish/x86-vendor.mk)
+$(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/product/emulator_vendor.mk)
+$(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/board/generic_x86_arm/device.mk)
 
-# Needed by Pi newly launched device to pass VtsTrebleSysProp on GSI
-PRODUCT_COMPATIBLE_PROPERTY_OVERRIDE := true
-
-# Support addtional P vendor interface
-PRODUCT_EXTRA_VNDK_VERSIONS := 28
 
 PRODUCT_NAME := aosp_x86_arm
 PRODUCT_DEVICE := generic_x86_arm
+PRODUCT_BRAND := Android
+PRODUCT_MODEL := AOSP on IA Emulator
diff --git a/target/product/base_system.mk b/target/product/base_system.mk
index 44fc7e4..dab8487 100644
--- a/target/product/base_system.mk
+++ b/target/product/base_system.mk
@@ -362,6 +362,7 @@
     adb_keys \
     arping \
     gdbserver \
+    idlcli \
     init-debug.rc \
     iotop \
     iperf3 \
diff --git a/target/product/base_vendor.mk b/target/product/base_vendor.mk
index f3705ea..1e1effb 100644
--- a/target/product/base_vendor.mk
+++ b/target/product/base_vendor.mk
@@ -75,7 +75,3 @@
 # VINTF data for vendor image
 PRODUCT_PACKAGES += \
     device_compatibility_matrix.xml \
-
-PRODUCT_PACKAGES += \
-    libprotobuf-cpp-lite-vendorcompat \
-    libprotobuf-cpp-full-vendorcompat \
diff --git a/target/product/security/Android.mk b/target/product/security/Android.mk
index a0b2d6d..3631cfd 100644
--- a/target/product/security/Android.mk
+++ b/target/product/security/Android.mk
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
 
 #######################################
-# verity_key
+# verity_key (installed to /, i.e. part of system.img)
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
 LOCAL_MODULE := verity_key
@@ -9,9 +9,29 @@
 LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
 LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)
 
+# For devices using a separate ramdisk, we need a copy there to establish the chain of trust.
+ifneq ($(BOARD_BUILD_SYSTEM_ROOT_IMAGE),true)
+LOCAL_REQUIRED_MODULES := verity_key_ramdisk
+endif
+
 include $(BUILD_PREBUILT)
 
 #######################################
+# verity_key (installed to ramdisk)
+#
+# Enabling the target when using system-as-root would cause build failure, as TARGET_RAMDISK_OUT
+# points to the same location as TARGET_ROOT_OUT.
+ifneq ($(BOARD_BUILD_SYSTEM_ROOT_IMAGE),true)
+  include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+  LOCAL_MODULE := verity_key_ramdisk
+  LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
+  LOCAL_SRC_FILES := verity_key
+  LOCAL_MODULE_STEM := verity_key
+  LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_RAMDISK_OUT)
+  include $(BUILD_PREBUILT)
+endif
+
+#######################################
 # adb key, if configured via PRODUCT_ADB_KEYS
 ifdef PRODUCT_ADB_KEYS
   ifneq ($(filter eng userdebug,$(TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT)),)
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/merge_target_files.py b/tools/releasetools/merge_target_files.py
index 61c4f4e..ba70986 100755
--- a/tools/releasetools/merge_target_files.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/merge_target_files.py
@@ -914,11 +914,6 @@
 
   generate_super_empty_image(output_target_files_temp_dir, output_super_empty)
 
-  if output_img:
-    # Create the IMG package from the merged target files (before zipping, in
-    # order to avoid an unnecessary unzip and copy).
-    img_from_target_files.main([output_target_files_temp_dir, output_img])
-
   # Finally, create the output target files zip archive and/or copy the
   # output items to the output target files directory.
 
@@ -932,6 +927,11 @@
                                            output_target_files_temp_dir,
                                            temp_dir)
 
+  # Create the IMG package from the merged target files package.
+
+  if output_img:
+    img_from_target_files.main([output_zip, output_img])
+
   # Create the OTA package from the merged target files package.
 
   if output_ota:
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files.py b/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files.py
index dc75ce2..de947f3 100755
--- a/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files.py
@@ -250,7 +250,12 @@
 TARGET_DIFFING_UNZIP_PATTERN = ['BOOT', 'RECOVERY', 'SYSTEM/*', 'VENDOR/*',
                                 'PRODUCT/*', 'SYSTEM_EXT/*', 'ODM/*']
 RETROFIT_DAP_UNZIP_PATTERN = ['OTA/super_*.img', AB_PARTITIONS]
-SECONDARY_IMAGES_SKIP_PARTITIONS = ['odm', 'product', 'system_ext', 'vendor']
+
+# Images to be excluded from secondary payload. We essentially only keep
+# 'system_other' and bootloader partitions.
+SECONDARY_PAYLOAD_SKIPPED_IMAGES = [
+    'boot', 'dtbo', 'modem', 'odm', 'product', 'radio', 'recovery',
+    'system_ext', 'vbmeta', 'vbmeta_system', 'vbmeta_vendor', 'vendor']
 
 
 class BuildInfo(object):
@@ -299,6 +304,9 @@
           that it always uses the first dict to calculate the fingerprint or the
           device name. The rest would be used for asserting OEM properties only
           (e.g. one package can be installed on one of these devices).
+
+    Raises:
+      ValueError: On invalid inputs.
     """
     self.info_dict = info_dict
     self.oem_dicts = oem_dicts
@@ -313,6 +321,13 @@
     self._device = self.GetOemProperty("ro.product.device")
     self._fingerprint = self.CalculateFingerprint()
 
+    # Sanity check the build fingerprint.
+    if (' ' in self._fingerprint or
+        any(ord(ch) > 127 for ch in self._fingerprint)):
+      raise ValueError(
+          'Invalid build fingerprint: "{}". See the requirement in Android CDD '
+          '3.2.2. Build Parameters.'.format(self._fingerprint))
+
   @property
   def is_ab(self):
     return self._is_ab
@@ -1824,7 +1839,7 @@
       if key == 'dynamic_partition_list' or key.endswith(LIST_SUFFIX):
         partitions = value.split()
         partitions = [partition for partition in partitions if partition
-                      not in SECONDARY_IMAGES_SKIP_PARTITIONS]
+                      not in SECONDARY_PAYLOAD_SKIPPED_IMAGES]
         output_list.append('{}={}'.format(key, ' '.join(partitions)))
       else:
         output_list.append(line)
@@ -1846,10 +1861,13 @@
     elif info.filename in ('IMAGES/system.img',
                            'IMAGES/system.map'):
       pass
-    # Images like vendor and product are not needed in the secondary payload.
-    elif info.filename in ['IMAGES/{}.img'.format(partition) for partition in
-                           SECONDARY_IMAGES_SKIP_PARTITIONS]:
-      pass
+
+    # Copy images that are not in SECONDARY_PAYLOAD_SKIPPED_IMAGES.
+    elif info.filename.startswith(('IMAGES/', 'RADIO/')):
+      image_name = os.path.basename(info.filename)
+      if image_name not in ['{}.img'.format(partition) for partition in
+                            SECONDARY_PAYLOAD_SKIPPED_IMAGES]:
+        common.ZipWrite(target_zip, unzipped_file, arcname=info.filename)
 
     # Skip copying the postinstall config if requested.
     elif skip_postinstall and info.filename == POSTINSTALL_CONFIG:
@@ -1862,7 +1880,7 @@
         with open(unzipped_file) as f:
           partition_list = f.read().splitlines()
         partition_list = [partition for partition in partition_list if partition
-                          and partition not in SECONDARY_IMAGES_SKIP_PARTITIONS]
+                          and partition not in SECONDARY_PAYLOAD_SKIPPED_IMAGES]
         common.ZipWriteStr(target_zip, info.filename, '\n'.join(partition_list))
       # Remove the unnecessary partitions from the dynamic partitions list.
       elif (info.filename == 'META/misc_info.txt' or
@@ -1871,8 +1889,6 @@
         common.ZipWriteStr(target_zip, info.filename, modified_info)
       else:
         common.ZipWrite(target_zip, unzipped_file, arcname=info.filename)
-    elif info.filename.startswith(('IMAGES/', 'RADIO/')):
-      common.ZipWrite(target_zip, unzipped_file, arcname=info.filename)
 
   common.ZipClose(target_zip)
 
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/sign_target_files_apks.py b/tools/releasetools/sign_target_files_apks.py
index 3119afa..1f41431 100755
--- a/tools/releasetools/sign_target_files_apks.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/sign_target_files_apks.py
@@ -602,11 +602,16 @@
     ReplaceVerityPrivateKey(misc_info, OPTIONS.replace_verity_private_key[1])
 
   if OPTIONS.replace_verity_public_key:
-    dest = "ROOT/verity_key" if system_root_image else "BOOT/RAMDISK/verity_key"
-    # We are replacing the one in boot image only, since the one under
-    # recovery won't ever be needed.
+    # Replace the one in root dir in system.img.
     ReplaceVerityPublicKey(
-        output_tf_zip, dest, OPTIONS.replace_verity_public_key[1])
+        output_tf_zip, 'ROOT/verity_key', OPTIONS.replace_verity_public_key[1])
+
+    if not system_root_image:
+      # Additionally replace the copy in ramdisk if not using system-as-root.
+      ReplaceVerityPublicKey(
+          output_tf_zip,
+          'BOOT/RAMDISK/verity_key',
+          OPTIONS.replace_verity_public_key[1])
 
   # Replace the keyid string in BOOT/cmdline.
   if OPTIONS.replace_verity_keyid:
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/test_ota_from_target_files.py b/tools/releasetools/test_ota_from_target_files.py
index 0846d87..9825a5e 100644
--- a/tools/releasetools/test_ota_from_target_files.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/test_ota_from_target_files.py
@@ -174,6 +174,14 @@
     self.assertRaises(AssertionError, BuildInfo,
                       self.TEST_INFO_DICT_USES_OEM_PROPS, None)
 
+  def test_init_badFingerprint(self):
+    info_dict = copy.deepcopy(self.TEST_INFO_DICT)
+    info_dict['build.prop']['ro.build.fingerprint'] = 'bad fingerprint'
+    self.assertRaises(ValueError, BuildInfo, info_dict, None)
+
+    info_dict['build.prop']['ro.build.fingerprint'] = 'bad\x80fingerprint'
+    self.assertRaises(ValueError, BuildInfo, info_dict, None)
+
   def test___getitem__(self):
     target_info = BuildInfo(self.TEST_INFO_DICT, None)
     self.assertEqual('value1', target_info['property1'])
@@ -591,16 +599,16 @@
       ab_partitions = verify_zip.read('META/ab_partitions.txt')
 
     self.assertIn('META/ab_partitions.txt', namelist)
-    self.assertIn('IMAGES/boot.img', namelist)
     self.assertIn('IMAGES/system.img', namelist)
     self.assertIn('RADIO/bootloader.img', namelist)
-    self.assertIn('RADIO/modem.img', namelist)
     self.assertIn(POSTINSTALL_CONFIG, namelist)
 
+    self.assertNotIn('IMAGES/boot.img', namelist)
     self.assertNotIn('IMAGES/system_other.img', namelist)
     self.assertNotIn('IMAGES/system.map', namelist)
+    self.assertNotIn('RADIO/modem.img', namelist)
 
-    expected_ab_partitions = ['boot', 'system', 'bootloader', 'modem']
+    expected_ab_partitions = ['system', 'bootloader']
     self.assertEqual('\n'.join(expected_ab_partitions), ab_partitions)
 
   @test_utils.SkipIfExternalToolsUnavailable()
@@ -613,13 +621,13 @@
       namelist = verify_zip.namelist()
 
     self.assertIn('META/ab_partitions.txt', namelist)
-    self.assertIn('IMAGES/boot.img', namelist)
     self.assertIn('IMAGES/system.img', namelist)
     self.assertIn('RADIO/bootloader.img', namelist)
-    self.assertIn('RADIO/modem.img', namelist)
 
+    self.assertNotIn('IMAGES/boot.img', namelist)
     self.assertNotIn('IMAGES/system_other.img', namelist)
     self.assertNotIn('IMAGES/system.map', namelist)
+    self.assertNotIn('RADIO/modem.img', namelist)
     self.assertNotIn(POSTINSTALL_CONFIG, namelist)
 
   @test_utils.SkipIfExternalToolsUnavailable()
@@ -633,10 +641,10 @@
       namelist = verify_zip.namelist()
 
     self.assertIn('META/ab_partitions.txt', namelist)
-    self.assertIn('IMAGES/boot.img', namelist)
     self.assertIn('IMAGES/system.img', namelist)
     self.assertIn(POSTINSTALL_CONFIG, namelist)
 
+    self.assertNotIn('IMAGES/boot.img', namelist)
     self.assertNotIn('IMAGES/system_other.img', namelist)
     self.assertNotIn('IMAGES/system.map', namelist)
     self.assertNotIn('RADIO/bootloader.img', namelist)
@@ -673,12 +681,12 @@
           'META/dynamic_partitions_info.txt')
 
     self.assertIn('META/ab_partitions.txt', namelist)
-    self.assertIn('IMAGES/boot.img', namelist)
     self.assertIn('IMAGES/system.img', namelist)
     self.assertIn(POSTINSTALL_CONFIG, namelist)
     self.assertIn('META/misc_info.txt', namelist)
     self.assertIn('META/dynamic_partitions_info.txt', namelist)
 
+    self.assertNotIn('IMAGES/boot.img', namelist)
     self.assertNotIn('IMAGES/system_other.img', namelist)
     self.assertNotIn('IMAGES/system.map', namelist)
 
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/test_validate_target_files.py b/tools/releasetools/test_validate_target_files.py
index 0f0d773..9c816eb 100644
--- a/tools/releasetools/test_validate_target_files.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/test_validate_target_files.py
@@ -143,21 +143,52 @@
     verity_image_builder.Build(output_file)
 
   @test_utils.SkipIfExternalToolsUnavailable()
-  def test_ValidateVerifiedBootImages_systemImage(self):
+  def test_ValidateVerifiedBootImages_systemRootImage(self):
     input_tmp = common.MakeTempDir()
     os.mkdir(os.path.join(input_tmp, 'IMAGES'))
     system_image = os.path.join(input_tmp, 'IMAGES', 'system.img')
     self._generate_system_image(system_image)
 
     # Pack the verity key.
-    verity_key_mincrypt = os.path.join(
-        input_tmp, 'BOOT', 'RAMDISK', 'verity_key')
+    verity_key_mincrypt = os.path.join(input_tmp, 'ROOT', 'verity_key')
     os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(verity_key_mincrypt))
     shutil.copyfile(
         os.path.join(self.testdata_dir, 'testkey_mincrypt'),
         verity_key_mincrypt)
 
     info_dict = {
+        'system_root_image' : 'true',
+        'verity' : 'true',
+    }
+    options = {
+        'verity_key' : os.path.join(self.testdata_dir, 'testkey.x509.pem'),
+        'verity_key_mincrypt' : verity_key_mincrypt,
+    }
+    ValidateVerifiedBootImages(input_tmp, info_dict, options)
+
+  @test_utils.SkipIfExternalToolsUnavailable()
+  def test_ValidateVerifiedBootImages_nonSystemRootImage(self):
+    input_tmp = common.MakeTempDir()
+    os.mkdir(os.path.join(input_tmp, 'IMAGES'))
+    system_image = os.path.join(input_tmp, 'IMAGES', 'system.img')
+    self._generate_system_image(system_image)
+
+    # Pack the verity key into the root dir in system.img.
+    verity_key_mincrypt = os.path.join(input_tmp, 'ROOT', 'verity_key')
+    os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(verity_key_mincrypt))
+    shutil.copyfile(
+        os.path.join(self.testdata_dir, 'testkey_mincrypt'),
+        verity_key_mincrypt)
+
+    # And a copy in ramdisk.
+    verity_key_ramdisk = os.path.join(
+        input_tmp, 'BOOT', 'RAMDISK', 'verity_key')
+    os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(verity_key_ramdisk))
+    shutil.copyfile(
+        os.path.join(self.testdata_dir, 'testkey_mincrypt'),
+        verity_key_ramdisk)
+
+    info_dict = {
         'verity' : 'true',
     }
     options = {
@@ -167,6 +198,39 @@
     ValidateVerifiedBootImages(input_tmp, info_dict, options)
 
   @test_utils.SkipIfExternalToolsUnavailable()
+  def test_ValidateVerifiedBootImages_nonSystemRootImage_mismatchingKeys(self):
+    input_tmp = common.MakeTempDir()
+    os.mkdir(os.path.join(input_tmp, 'IMAGES'))
+    system_image = os.path.join(input_tmp, 'IMAGES', 'system.img')
+    self._generate_system_image(system_image)
+
+    # Pack the verity key into the root dir in system.img.
+    verity_key_mincrypt = os.path.join(input_tmp, 'ROOT', 'verity_key')
+    os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(verity_key_mincrypt))
+    shutil.copyfile(
+        os.path.join(self.testdata_dir, 'testkey_mincrypt'),
+        verity_key_mincrypt)
+
+    # And an invalid copy in ramdisk.
+    verity_key_ramdisk = os.path.join(
+        input_tmp, 'BOOT', 'RAMDISK', 'verity_key')
+    os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(verity_key_ramdisk))
+    shutil.copyfile(
+        os.path.join(self.testdata_dir, 'verity_mincrypt'),
+        verity_key_ramdisk)
+
+    info_dict = {
+        'verity' : 'true',
+    }
+    options = {
+        'verity_key' : os.path.join(self.testdata_dir, 'testkey.x509.pem'),
+        'verity_key_mincrypt' : verity_key_mincrypt,
+    }
+    self.assertRaises(
+        AssertionError, ValidateVerifiedBootImages, input_tmp, info_dict,
+        options)
+
+  @test_utils.SkipIfExternalToolsUnavailable()
   def test_ValidateFileConsistency_incompleteRange(self):
     input_tmp = common.MakeTempDir()
     os.mkdir(os.path.join(input_tmp, 'IMAGES'))
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/validate_target_files.py b/tools/releasetools/validate_target_files.py
index d189499..c299a48 100755
--- a/tools/releasetools/validate_target_files.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/validate_target_files.py
@@ -276,15 +276,12 @@
   # Verify verity signed system images in Verified Boot 1.0. Note that not using
   # 'elif' here, since 'boot_signer' and 'verity' are not bundled in VB 1.0.
   if info_dict.get('verity') == 'true':
-    # First verify that the verity key that's built into the root image (as
-    # /verity_key) matches the one given via command line, if any.
-    if info_dict.get("system_root_image") == "true":
-      verity_key_mincrypt = os.path.join(input_tmp, 'ROOT', 'verity_key')
-    else:
-      verity_key_mincrypt = os.path.join(
-          input_tmp, 'BOOT', 'RAMDISK', 'verity_key')
+    # First verify that the verity key is built into the root image (regardless
+    # of system-as-root).
+    verity_key_mincrypt = os.path.join(input_tmp, 'ROOT', 'verity_key')
     assert os.path.exists(verity_key_mincrypt), 'Missing verity_key'
 
+    # Verify /verity_key matches the one given via command line, if any.
     if options['verity_key_mincrypt'] is None:
       logging.warn(
           'Skipped checking the content of /verity_key, as the key file not '
@@ -295,6 +292,18 @@
           "Mismatching mincrypt verity key files"
       logging.info('Verified the content of /verity_key')
 
+    # For devices with a separate ramdisk (i.e. non-system-as-root), there must
+    # be a copy in ramdisk.
+    if info_dict.get("system_root_image") != "true":
+      verity_key_ramdisk = os.path.join(
+          input_tmp, 'BOOT', 'RAMDISK', 'verity_key')
+      assert os.path.exists(verity_key_ramdisk), 'Missing verity_key in ramdisk'
+
+      assert filecmp.cmp(
+          verity_key_mincrypt, verity_key_ramdisk, shallow=False), \
+              'Mismatching verity_key files in root and ramdisk'
+      logging.info('Verified the content of /verity_key in ramdisk')
+
     # Then verify the verity signed system/vendor/product images, against the
     # verity pubkey in mincrypt format.
     for image in ('system.img', 'vendor.img', 'product.img'):