[GWP-ASan] Provide runtime configuration through an env var + sysprop.

This patch introduces GWP-ASan system properties and environment
variables to control the internal sampling rates of GWP-ASan. This can
be used for:

 1. "Torture testing" the system, i.e. running it under an extremely
    high sampling rate under GWP-ASan.
 2. Increasing sampling remotely to allow further crash report
    collection of rare issues.

There are three sets of system properites:
 1. libc.debug.gwp_asan.*.system_default: Default values for native
    executables and system apps.
 2. libc.debug.gwp_asan.*.app_default: Default values for non-system
    apps, and
 3. libc.debug.gwp_asan.*.<basename/app_name>: Default values for an
    individual app or native process.

There are three variables that can be changed:
 1. The allocation sampling rate (default: 2500) - using the environment
    variable GWP_ASAN_SAMPLE_RATE or the libc.debug.gwp_asan.sample_rate.*
    system property.
 2. The process sampling rate (default: 128 for system apps/processes, 1
    for opted-in apps) - using the environment variable
    GWP_ASAN_PROCESS_SAMPLING or the libc.debug.gwp_asan.process_sampling.*
    system property,
 3. The number of slots available (default: 32) - using the environment
    variable GWP_ASAN_MAX_ALLOCS or the libc.debug.gwp_asan.max_allocs.*
    system property.

If not specified, #3 will be calculated as a ratio of the default
|2500 SampleRate : 32 slots|. So, a sample rate of "1250" (i.e. twice as
frequent sampling) will result in a doubling of the max_allocs to "64".

Bug: 219651032
Test: atest bionic-unit-tests
Change-Id: Idb40a2a4d074e01ce3c4e635ad639a91a32d570f
diff --git a/tests/gwp_asan_test.cpp b/tests/gwp_asan_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b442f51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/gwp_asan_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
+ * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
+ * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
+ * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
+ * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string>
+
+#if defined(__BIONIC__)
+
+#include "gwp_asan/options.h"
+#include "platform/bionic/malloc.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+
+void RunGwpAsanTest(const char* test_name) {
+  ExecTestHelper eh;
+  eh.SetEnv({"GWP_ASAN_SAMPLE_RATE=1", "GWP_ASAN_PROCESS_SAMPLING=1", "GWP_ASAN_MAX_ALLOCS=40000",
+             nullptr});
+  std::string filter_arg = "--gtest_filter=";
+  filter_arg += test_name;
+  std::string exec(testing::internal::GetArgvs()[0]);
+  eh.SetArgs({exec.c_str(), "--gtest_also_run_disabled_tests", filter_arg.c_str()});
+  eh.Run([&]() { execve(exec.c_str(), eh.GetArgs(), eh.GetEnv()); },
+         /* expected_exit_status */ 0,
+         // |expected_output_regex|, ensure at least one test ran:
+         R"(\[  PASSED  \] [1-9]+0? test)");
+}
+
+// This file implements "torture testing" under GWP-ASan, where we sample every
+// single allocation. The upper limit for the number of GWP-ASan allocations in
+// the torture mode is is generally 40,000, so that svelte devices don't
+// explode, as this uses ~163MiB RAM (4KiB per live allocation).
+TEST(gwp_asan_integration, malloc_tests_under_torture) {
+  RunGwpAsanTest("malloc.*:-malloc.mallinfo*");
+}
+
+#endif  // defined(__BIONIC__)