diff --git a/libc/include/android/api-level.h b/libc/include/android/api-level.h
index 3a8f926..d1d1aea 100644
--- a/libc/include/android/api-level.h
+++ b/libc/include/android/api-level.h
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@
 
 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
 
+__BEGIN_DECLS
+
 #ifndef __ANDROID_API_FUTURE__
 /**
  * Magic version number for an Android OS build which has
@@ -97,3 +99,39 @@
 
 /** Names the "Q" API level (29), for comparisons against __ANDROID_API__. */
 #define __ANDROID_API_Q__ 29
+
+/**
+ * Returns the `targetSdkVersion` of the caller, or `__ANDROID_API_FUTURE__`
+ * if there is no known target SDK version (for code not running in the
+ * context of an app).
+ *
+ * The returned values correspond to the named constants in `<android/api-level.h>`,
+ * and is equivalent to the AndroidManifest.xml `targetSdkVersion`.
+ *
+ * See also android_get_device_api_level().
+ *
+ * Available since API level 24.
+ */
+int android_get_application_target_sdk_version() __INTRODUCED_IN(24);
+
+#if __ANDROID_API__ < __ANDROID_API_Q__
+
+// android_get_application_target_sdk_version is a static inline before API level 29.
+#define __BIONIC_GET_DEVICE_API_LEVEL_INLINE static __inline
+#include <bits/get_device_api_level_inlines.h>
+#undef __BIONIC_GET_DEVICE_API_LEVEL_INLINE
+
+#else
+
+/**
+ * Returns the API level of the device we're actually running on, or -1 on failure.
+ * The returned values correspond to the named constants in `<android/api-level.h>`,
+ * and is equivalent to the Java `Build.VERSION.SDK_INT` API.
+ *
+ * See also android_get_application_target_sdk_version().
+ */
+int android_get_device_api_level() __INTRODUCED_IN(29);
+
+#endif
+
+__END_DECLS
diff --git a/libc/include/android/get_device_api_level.h b/libc/include/android/get_device_api_level.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 39609da..0000000
--- a/libc/include/android/get_device_api_level.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
- *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- *    distribution.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
- * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
- * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
- * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
- * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
- * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
- * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
- * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
- * SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-/**
- * @file android/get_device_api_level.h
- * @brief Check the API level of the device we're actually running on.
- */
-
-#include <sys/cdefs.h>
-
-__BEGIN_DECLS
-
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= __ANDROID_API_Q__
-// This file is implemented as static inlines before API level 29.
-
-/**
- * Returns the API level of the device we're actually running on, or -1 on failure.
- * The returned values correspond to the named constants in <android/api-level.h>,
- * and is equivalent to the Java `Build.VERSION.SDK_INT` API.
- */
-int android_get_device_api_level() __INTRODUCED_IN(29);
-
-#endif
-
-__END_DECLS
-
-#include <android/legacy_get_device_api_level_inlines.h>
diff --git a/libc/include/android/legacy_get_device_api_level_inlines.h b/libc/include/android/legacy_get_device_api_level_inlines.h
deleted file mode 100644
index b60123c..0000000
--- a/libc/include/android/legacy_get_device_api_level_inlines.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
- *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- *    distribution.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
- * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
- * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
- * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
- * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
- * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
- * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
- * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
- * SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <sys/cdefs.h>
-
-#if __ANDROID_API__ < __ANDROID_API_Q__
-
-#define __BIONIC_GET_DEVICE_API_LEVEL_INLINE static __inline
-#include <bits/get_device_api_level_inlines.h>
-
-#endif
diff --git a/libc/include/android/versioning.h b/libc/include/android/versioning.h
index 6e4b8ab..01fa348 100644
--- a/libc/include/android/versioning.h
+++ b/libc/include/android/versioning.h
@@ -14,23 +14,16 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef ANDROID_VERSIONING_H
-#define ANDROID_VERSIONING_H
+#pragma once
 
-#ifndef __STRING
-#define __STRING(x) #x
-#endif
-
-#define __INTRODUCED_IN(api_level) __attribute__((annotate("introduced_in=" __STRING(api_level))))
+#define __INTRODUCED_IN(api_level) __attribute__((annotate("introduced_in=" #api_level)))
 #define __INTRODUCED_IN_FUTURE __attribute__((annotate("introduced_in_future")))
-#define __DEPRECATED_IN(api_level) __attribute__((annotate("deprecated_in=" __STRING(api_level))))
-#define __REMOVED_IN(api_level) __attribute__((annotate("obsoleted_in=" __STRING(api_level))))
-#define __INTRODUCED_IN_32(api_level) __attribute__((annotate("introduced_in_32=" __STRING(api_level))))
-#define __INTRODUCED_IN_64(api_level) __attribute__((annotate("introduced_in_64=" __STRING(api_level))))
-#define __INTRODUCED_IN_ARM(api_level) __attribute__((annotate("introduced_in_arm=" __STRING(api_level))))
-#define __INTRODUCED_IN_X86(api_level) __attribute__((annotate("introduced_in_x86=" __STRING(api_level))))
-#define __INTRODUCED_IN_MIPS(api_level) __attribute__((annotate("introduced_in_mips=" __STRING(api_level))))
+#define __DEPRECATED_IN(api_level) __attribute__((annotate("deprecated_in=" #api_level)))
+#define __REMOVED_IN(api_level) __attribute__((annotate("obsoleted_in=" #api_level)))
+#define __INTRODUCED_IN_32(api_level) __attribute__((annotate("introduced_in_32=" #api_level)))
+#define __INTRODUCED_IN_64(api_level) __attribute__((annotate("introduced_in_64=" #api_level)))
+#define __INTRODUCED_IN_ARM(api_level) __attribute__((annotate("introduced_in_arm=" #api_level)))
+#define __INTRODUCED_IN_X86(api_level) __attribute__((annotate("introduced_in_x86=" #api_level)))
+#define __INTRODUCED_IN_MIPS(api_level) __attribute__((annotate("introduced_in_mips=" #api_level)))
 
 #define __VERSIONER_NO_GUARD __attribute__((annotate("versioner_no_guard")))
-
-#endif /* ANDROID_VERSIONING_H */